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Gu Y, Shan J, Huang T, Yu C, Wu H, Hu X, Tong X, Jia R, Noda Y, Du J, Yuan TF, Luo W, Zhao D. Exploring the interplay between addiction and time perception: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 135:111104. [PMID: 39047859 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Prior studies have investigated the immediate impacts of substances on temporal perception, the impact of temporal outlook, and the consequences of modified temporal perception on addictive behaviors. These inquiries have provided valuable perspectives on the intricate associations between addiction and time perception, enriching the groundwork for forthcoming research and therapeutic strategies. This comprehensive review aims to further explore intricate correlation among diverse addictive substances-namely alcohol, cannabis, nicotine, opioids-and non-substance addictions such as internet gaming, elucidating their influence on temporal perception. Adhering to the PICOS method and adhering to PRISMA guidelines, we systematically reviewed and critically evaluated all existing research concerning temporal perception in individuals with substance and non-substance use disorders. Specifically, our analyses involved 31 pertinent articles encompassing six unique groups-alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, stimulants, opioids, and internet-related addictions-sourced from a pool of 551 papers. The findings revealed differences in time perception between addicts and control groups, as indicated by medium to large effect sizes (Hedge's g = 0.8, p < 0.001). However, the nature of these differences-whether they predominantly involve time overestimation or underestimation-is not yet definitively clear. This variability underscores the complexity of the relationship between addiction and temporal perception, paving the way for further research to unravel these intricate dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Gu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Psychology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Graduate School of Education, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Jiatong Shan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Psychology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Department of Arts and Sciences, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Taicheng Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Psychology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengchao Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences and Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- Department of Psychology, The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China; HKU, Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuemei Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yoshihiro Noda
- Department of Psychiatry, International University of Health and Welfare, Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiang Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Psychology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenbo Luo
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.
| | - Di Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Psychology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Boer OD, El Marroun H, Muetzel RL. Adolescent substance use initiation and long-term neurobiological outcomes: insights, challenges and opportunities. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:2211-2222. [PMID: 38409597 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02471-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The increased frequency of risk taking behavior combined with marked neuromaturation has positioned adolescence as a focal point of research into the neural causes and consequences of substance use. However, little work has provided a summary of the links between adolescent initiated substance use and longer-term brain outcomes. Here we review studies exploring the long-term effects of adolescent-initiated substance use with structural and microstructural neuroimaging. A quarter of all studies reviewed conducted repeated neuroimaging assessments. Long-term alcohol use, as well as tobacco use were consistently associated with smaller frontal cortices and altered white matter microstructure. This association was mostly observed in the ACC, insula and subcortical regions in alcohol users, and for the OFC in tobacco users. Long-term cannabis use was mostly related to altered frontal cortices and hippocampal volumes. Interestingly, cannabis users scanned more years after use initiation tended to show smaller measures of these regions, whereas those with fewer years since initiation showed larger measures. Long-term stimulant use tended to show a similar trend as cannabis in terms of years since initiation in measures of the putamen, insula and frontal cortex. Long-term opioid use was mostly associated with smaller subcortical and insular volumes. Of note, null findings were reported in all substance use categories, most often in cannabis use studies. In the context of the large variety in study designs, substance use assessment, methods, and sample characteristics, we provide recommendations on how to interpret these findings, and considerations for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga D Boer
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies - Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanan El Marroun
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies - Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan L Muetzel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Wu F, Zhang W, Ji W, Zhang Y, Jiang F, Li G, Hu Y, Wei X, Wang H, Wang SYA, Manza P, Tomasi D, Volkow ND, Gao X, Wang GJ, Zhang Y. Stimulant medications in children with ADHD normalize the structure of brain regions associated with attention and reward. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:1330-1340. [PMID: 38409281 PMCID: PMC11224385 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01831-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Children with ADHD show abnormal brain function and structure. Neuroimaging studies found that stimulant medications may improve brain structural abnormalities in children with ADHD. However, prior studies on this topic were conducted with relatively small sample sizes and wide age ranges and showed inconsistent results. In this cross-sectional study, we employed latent class analysis and linear mixed-effects models to estimate the impact of stimulant medications using demographic, clinical measures, and brain structure in a large and diverse sample of children aged 9-11 from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study. We studied 273 children with low ADHD symptoms and received stimulant medication (Stim Low-ADHD), 1002 children with high ADHD symptoms and received no medications (No-Med ADHD), and 5378 typically developing controls (TDC). After controlling for the covariates, compared to Stim Low-ADHD and TDC, No-Med ADHD showed lower cortical thickness in the right insula (INS, d = 0.340, PFDR = 0.003) and subcortical volume in the left nucleus accumbens (NAc, d = 0.371, PFDR = 0.003), indicating that high ADHD symptoms were associated with structural abnormalities in these brain regions. In addition, there was no difference in brain structural measures between Stim Low-ADHD and TDC children, suggesting that the stimulant effects improved both ADHD symptoms and ADHD-associated brain structural abnormalities. These findings together suggested that children with ADHD appear to have structural abnormalities in brain regions associated with saliency and reward processing, and treatment with stimulant medications not only improve the ADHD symptoms but also normalized these brain structural abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wu
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
| | - Weibin Ji
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
| | - Fukun Jiang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
| | - Guanya Li
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
| | - Xiaorong Wei
- Kindergarten affiliated to Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Haoyi Wang
- College of Westa, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Szu-Yung Ariel Wang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Peter Manza
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Dardo Tomasi
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nora D Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xinbo Gao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Image Cognition, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, China
- Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing, 400064, China
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China.
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China.
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Anderson NE, Maurer JM, Stephenson D, Harenski K, Caldwell M, Van Rybroek G, Kiehl KA. Striatal brain volume linked to severity of substance use in high-risk incarcerated youth. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38738358 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Substance use disorders among juveniles are a major public health concern and are often intertwined with other psychosocial risk factors including antisocial behavior. Identifying etiological risks and mechanisms promoting substance use disorders remains a high priority for informing more focused interventions in high-risk populations. The present study examined brain gray matter structure in relation to substance use severity among n = 152 high-risk, incarcerated boys (aged 14-20). Substance use severity was positively associated with gray matter volume across several frontal/striatal brain regions including amygdala, pallidum, putamen, insula, and orbitofrontal cortex. Effects were apparent when using voxel-based-morphometric analysis, as well as in whole-brain, data-driven, network-based approaches (source-based morphometry). These findings support the hypothesis that elevated gray matter volume in striatal reward circuits may be an endogenous marker for vulnerability to severe substance use behaviors among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael Caldwell
- Mendota Mental Health Institute, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Greg Van Rybroek
- Mendota Mental Health Institute, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kent A Kiehl
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Huo Z, Chen Z, Zhang R, Xu J, Feng T. The functional connectivity between right parahippocampal gyrus and precuneus underlying the association between reward sensitivity and procrastination. Cortex 2024; 171:153-164. [PMID: 38000138 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Procrastination has adverse effects on personal growth and social development. Behavior research has found reward sensitivity is positively correlated with procrastination. However, it remains unclear that the neural substrates underlie the relationship between reward sensitivity and procrastination. To address this issue, the present study used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) analyses to investigate the neural substrates underlying the association with reward sensitivity and procrastination in two independent samples (N1 = 388, N2 = 330). In Sample 1, the behavioral result indicated reward sensitivity was positively correlated with procrastination. Moreover, the VBM analysis showed that reward sensitivity was positively associated with the gray matter volume (GMV) of the right parahippocampal gyrus. Furthermore, the RSFC result found reward sensitivity was negatively associated with the functional connectivity of the right parahippocampal gyrus-precuneus. Crucially, the mediation analysis revealed that functional connectivity of the right parahippocampal gyrus-precuneus mediated the relationship between reward sensitivity and procrastination. To verify the robustness of the results, confirmatory analysis was carried out in Sample 2. The results of Sample 1 (i.e., the behavioral, VBM, RSFC, and mediation results) can be verified in Sample 2. In brief, these findings suggested that the functional connectivity of the right parahippocampal gyrus-precuneus involved in reward impulsive control could modulate the relationship between reward sensitivity and procrastination, which is the first to reveal the neural underpinning of the association between reward sensitivity and procrastination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Huo
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; Experimental Research Center for Medical and Psychological Science (ERC-MPS), School of Psychology, Army Medical University, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junye Xu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingyong Feng
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China.
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6
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Guerin AA, Bridson T, Plapp HM, Bedi G. A systematic review and meta-analysis of health, functional, and cognitive outcomes in young people who use methamphetamine. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105380. [PMID: 37678571 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine use typically starts in adolescence, and early onset is associated with worse outcomes. Yet, health, functional, and cognitive outcomes associated with methamphetamine use in young people are not well understood. The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the evidence on health, functional, and cognitive outcomes in young people (10-25 years-old) who use methamphetamine. Sixty-six studies were included. The strongest association observed was with conduct disorder, with young people who use methamphetamine some 13 times more likely to meet conduct disorder criteria than controls. They were also more likely to have justice system involvement and to perpetrate violence against others. Educational problems were consistently associated with youth methamphetamine use. The cognitive domain most reliably implicated was inhibitory control. Key limitations in the literature were identified, including heterogenous measurement of exposure and outcomes, lack of adequate controls, and limited longitudinal evidence. Outcomes identified in the present review - suggesting complex and clinically significant behavioural issues in this population - are informative for the development of future research and targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre A Guerin
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Orygen, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Tahnee Bridson
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Orygen, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Helena M Plapp
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia; Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gillinder Bedi
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Orygen, Melbourne, Australia
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7
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Abbas M, Gandy K, Salas R, Devaraj S, Calarge CA. Iron deficiency and internalizing symptom severity in unmedicated adolescents: a pilot study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:2274-2284. [PMID: 34911595 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721004098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron plays a key role in a broad set of metabolic processes. Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency in the world, but its neuropsychiatric implications in adolescents have not been examined. METHODS Twelve- to 17-year-old unmedicated females with major depressive or anxiety disorders or with no psychopathology underwent a comprehensive psychiatric assessment for this pilot study. A T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scan was obtained, segmented using Freesurfer. Serum ferritin concentration (sF) was measured. Correlational analyses examined the association between body iron stores, psychiatric symptom severity, and basal ganglia volumes, accounting for confounding variables. RESULTS Forty females were enrolled, 73% having a major depressive and/or anxiety disorder, 35% with sF < 15 ng/mL, and 50% with sF < 20 ng/mL. Serum ferritin was inversely correlated with both anxiety and depressive symptom severity (r = -0.34, p < 0.04 and r = -0.30, p < 0.06, respectively). Participants with sF < 15 ng/mL exhibited more severe depressive and anxiety symptoms as did those with sF < 20 ng/mL. Moreover, after adjusting for age and total intracranial volume, sF was inversely associated with left caudate (Spearman's r = -0.46, p < 0.04), left putamen (r = -0.58, p < 0.005), and right putamen (r = -0.53, p < 0.01) volume. CONCLUSIONS Brain iron may become depleted at a sF concentration higher than the established threshold to diagnose iron deficiency (i.e. 15 ng/mL), potentially disrupting brain maturation and contributing to the emergence of internalizing disorders in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak Abbas
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kellen Gandy
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Houston, Texas 77027, USA
| | - Ramiro Salas
- Baylor College of Medicine - Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | - Chadi A Calarge
- Baylor College of Medicine - The Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 1102 Bates Ave, Suite 790, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Mu LL, Wang Y, Wang LJ, Xia LL, Zhao W, Song PP, Li JD, Wang WJ, Zhu L, Li HN, Wang YJ, Tang HJ, Zhang L, Song X, Shao WY, Zhang XC, Xu HS, Jiao DL. Associations of executive function and age of first use of methamphetamine with methamphetamine relapse. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:971825. [PMID: 36311529 PMCID: PMC9608758 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.971825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Methamphetamine (MA) is a psychostimulant associated with a high relapse rate among patients with MA use disorder (MUD). Long-term use of MA is associated with mental disorders, executive dysfunction, aggressive behaviors, and impulsivity among patients with MUD. However, identifying which factors may be more closely associated with relapse has not been investigated. Thus, we aimed to investigate the psychological factors and the history of MA use that may influence MA relapse. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 168 male MUD patients (MUD group) and 65 healthy male residents (control group). Each patient was evaluated with self-report measures of executive dysfunction, psychopathological symptoms, impulsiveness, aggressiveness, and history of MA use. Data were analyzed with t-tests, analyses of variance, and correlation and regression analyses. RESULTS The MUD group reported greater executive dysfunction, psychopathological symptoms, impulsivity, and aggression than the control group. Lower age of first MA use was associated both with having relapsed one or more times and with having relapsed two or more times; greater executive dysfunction was associated only with having relapsed two or more times. CONCLUSION Patients with MUD reported worse executive function and mental health. Current results also suggest that lower age of first MA use may influence relapse rate in general, while executive dysfunction may influence repeated relapse in particular. The present results add to the literature concerning factors that may increase the risk of relapse in individuals with MUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Mu
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Li-Jin Wang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Ling-Ling Xia
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Pei-Pei Song
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jun-Da Li
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Wen-Juan Wang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Hao-Nan Li
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yu-Jing Wang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Hua-Jun Tang
- Compulsory Isolated Drug Rehabilitation Center, Bengbu, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xun Song
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Wen-Yi Shao
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiao-Chu Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hua-Shan Xu
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Dong-Liang Jiao
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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9
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Verdejo-Garcia A, Hanegraaf L, Blanco-Gandía MC, López-Arnau R, Grau M, Miñarro J, Escubedo E, Pubill D, Rodríguez-Arias M. Impact of adolescent methamphetamine use on social cognition: A human-mice reverse translation study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 230:109183. [PMID: 34847504 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine dependence is associated with social cognition deficits that may underpin negative social outcomes. However, there are considerable inter-individual differences in social cognition within people with methamphetamine dependence, with age of onset of methamphetamine use being a potential contributing factor. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted two sequential studies examining the link between age of onset of methamphetamine use (adolescence versus young adulthood) and performance in social cognition tests: (1) a human cross-sectional study in 95 participants with methamphetamine dependence varying in age of onset (38 with adolescent onset and 57 with adult onset) and 49 drug-naïve controls; (2) a mice study in which we tested the effects of methamphetamine exposure during adolescence versus young adulthood on social interaction and aggression, and their potential neurochemical substrates in the striatal dopaminergic system. RESULTS We initially showed that people with methamphetamine dependence who started use in adolescence had higher antisocial beliefs (p = 0.046, Cohen's d=0.42) and worse emotion recognition (p = 0.031, Cohen's d=0.44) than those who started use during adulthood. We reasoned that this could be due to either social cognition deficits leading to earlier onset of methamphetamine use, or methamphetamine-induced neuroadaptive effects specific to adolescence. Mice experiments showed that methamphetamine exposure during adolescence specifically decreased social investigation during social interaction and upregulated striatal tyrosine hydroxylase (p < 0.05, Bonferroni corrected). There was no evidence of adolescent-specific methamphetamine effects on aggression or other measures of dopaminergic function. CONCLUSION Together, translational findings demonstrate heightened sensitivity to methamphetamine effects on social cognition during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Verdejo-Garcia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, 18 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Lauren Hanegraaf
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, 18 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - María Carmen Blanco-Gandía
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, C/ Ciudad Escolar s/n, 44003 Teruel, Spain
| | - Raúl López-Arnau
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacology Section and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Grau
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacology Section and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Miñarro
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Escubedo
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacology Section and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Pubill
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacology Section and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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10
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Daldegan-Bueno D, Maia LO, Glass M, Jutras-Aswad D, Fischer B. Co-exposure of cannabinoids with amphetamines and biological, behavioural and health outcomes: a scoping review of animal and human studies. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:1211-1230. [PMID: 34613429 PMCID: PMC9110457 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05960-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The growing prevalence of psychostimulant (including amphetamine) use and associated health harms, with limited treatment options, present a global challenge. There is an increasing availability and medical applications of cannabinoids, and growing interest in their therapeutic potential for addictive disorders. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to review available data regarding cannabis/cannabinoid co-use or exposure on amphetamine-related outcomes. METHODS Towards the present scoping review, we systematically searched four databases (Medline, Web-of-Science, CINAHL Plus and PsycInfo) using cannabis/cannabinoid and amphetamine text-terms identifying peer-reviewed, English-language studies published in 2000-2020 involving multiple methods approaches among both human and animal study samples, assessing the association of co-use/administration of cannabis/cannabinoids products with non-medical amphetamines on biological, behavioural or health outcomes. RESULTS Twenty-five articles were included. Pre-clinical studies (n = 15) found mostly protective effects of single or repeated cannabinoids administration on rodents in amphetamine addiction models, amphetamine-induced models of human mental disorders (e.g. schizophrenia) and amphetamine-induced neurotoxicity. Human studies (n = 10) were more heterogeneously designed (e.g. cross-sectional, case-control, longitudinal) and assessed natural ongoing cannabis and methamphetamine use or dependence, showing mostly enhanced harms in a diversity of outcomes (e.g. mental health, methamphetamine use, cognition). CONCLUSIONS While human studies suggest cannabis use as an adverse risk factor among non-medical amphetamine users, pre-clinical studies suggest therapeutic potential of cannabinoids, especially cannabidiol, to alleviate amphetamine addiction and harms, including treatment outcomes. Given increasing psychostimulant harms but lack of care options, rigorous, high-quality design studies should aim to translate and investigate pre-clinical study results for potential therapeutic benefits of cannabinoids for amphetamine use/abuse in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Daldegan-Bueno
- Schools of Population Health and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland 1023 New Zealand
| | - Lucas O. Maia
- Centre for Applied Research in Mental Health & Addiction, Simon Fraser University, 515 W. Hastings Street,, Vancouver, BC V6B 5K3 Canada
| | - Michelle Glass
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054 Otago New Zealand
| | - Didier Jutras-Aswad
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Universite de Montreal (CHUM), 1051 Rue Sanguinet, Montréal, QC H2X 3E4 Canada ,Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, 2900 Edouard Montpetit Blvd, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4 Canada
| | - Benedikt Fischer
- Schools of Population Health and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand. .,Centre for Applied Research in Mental Health & Addiction, Simon Fraser University, 515 W. Hastings Street,, Vancouver, BC, V6B 5K3, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8Th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), R. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, Sao Paulo, 785 05403-903, Brazil.
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11
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Novi M, Paraskevopoulou M, Van Rooij D, Schene AH, Buitelaar JK, Schellekens AFA. Effects of substance misuse and current family history of substance use disorder on brain structure in adolescents and young adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 228:109032. [PMID: 34555690 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in brain structure in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show considerable overlap with those observed in substance use disorder (SUD). These overlapping structural alterations in ADHD and SUD might be explained by family history (FH-trait) effects of SUD, and/or substance misuse (state) effects. Our aim was to investigate effects of 1) current parental SUD (SUD-FH) and 2) recent substance misuse (SM) on brain structure in a cohort of ADHD patients and controls. DESIGN Cortical thickness and subcortical volumes were measured using structural MRI. We compared ADHD subjects and controls with or without SUD-FH (aim 1) and additionally explored differences between SUD-FH- and SUD-FH + subjects with one versus two parents with SUD. We also compared ADHD groups with and without SM (ADHD + SM and ADHD-only, respectively) and controls (aim 2). FINDINGS There was no association between SUD-FH and brain structure. Exploratory analysis on SUD-FH showed decreased IFG thickness (p = 0.032) and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) volume (p = 0.017) in subjects with two versus one SUD parent, regardless of ADHD. ADHD + SM showed decreased inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) thickness compared to controls (pars opercularis p = 0.025, pars orbitalis p = 0.010, pars triangularis p = 0.049), while no difference was found between ADHD-only and either ADHD + SM or controls. CONCLUSIONS Despite negative findings in the primary trait-analysis, exploratory trait-analysis on SUD-FH loading suggested potential SUD trait-effects on IFG thickness and NAcc volume. Substance misuse state effects in ADHD were linked to lower IFG thickness. Future studies should confirm these findings and investigate their clinical relevance, including the functional consequences of decreased IFG thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Novi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa, 56100, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Maria Paraskevopoulou
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Daan Van Rooij
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Aart H Schene
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Arnt F A Schellekens
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Nijmegen Institute for Scientist Practitioners in Addiction, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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12
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Mamah D, Cloninger CR, Mutiso VN, Gitonga I, Tele A, Ndetei DM. Personality Traits as Markers of Psychosis Risk in Kenya: Assessment of Temperament and Character. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:sgaa051. [PMID: 33215089 PMCID: PMC7656989 DOI: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgaa051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Specific personality traits have been proposed as a schizophrenia-related endophenotype and confirmed in siblings at risk for psychosis. The relationship of temperament and character with psychosis has not been previously investigated in Africa. The study was conducted in Kenya, and involved participants at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis (n = 268) and controls (n = 251), aged 15–25 years. CHR status was estimated using the Structured Interview of Psychosis-Risk Syndromes (SIPS) and the Washington Early Psychosis Center Affectivity and Psychosis (WERCAP) Screen. Student’s t-tests were used to assess group differences on the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Neurocognitive functioning, stress severity, and substance use were correlated with the TCI, correcting for psychosis severity. CHR participants were more impulsive (ie, higher novelty seeking [NS]) and asocial (ie, lower reward dependence) than controls. They were also more schizotypal (ie, high self-transcendence [ST] and lower self-directedness [SD] and cooperativeness [CO] than controls). CO was related to logical reasoning, abstraction, and verbal memory. Stress severity correlated with high HA and schizotypal character traits. Lifetime tobacco use was related to NS, and lifetime marijuana use to high NS, low SD and high ST. Temperament and character of Kenyan CHR youth is similar to that observed in schizophrenia. Psychosis risk in Kenya is associated with impulsive, asocial, and schizotypal traits. CHR adolescents and young adults with schizophrenia-specific personality traits may be most at risk for developing a psychotic disorder and to require early intervention to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mamah
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - C Robert Cloninger
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Victoria N Mutiso
- Africa Mental Health Research and Training Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Isaiah Gitonga
- Africa Mental Health Research and Training Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Albert Tele
- Africa Mental Health Research and Training Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - David M Ndetei
- Africa Mental Health Research and Training Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
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13
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Westbrook SR, Carrica LK, Banks A, Gulley JM. AMPed-up adolescents: The role of age in the abuse of amphetamines and its consequences on cognition and prefrontal cortex development. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 198:173016. [PMID: 32828971 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent use of amphetamine and its closely related, methylated version methamphetamine, is alarmingly high in those who use drugs for nonmedical purposes. This raises serious concerns about the potential for this drug use to have a long-lasting, detrimental impact on the normal development of the brain and behavior that is ongoing during adolescence. In this review, we explore recent findings from both human and laboratory animal studies that investigate the consequences of amphetamine and methamphetamine exposure during this stage of life. We highlight studies that assess sex differences in adolescence, as well as those that are designed specifically to address the potential unique effects of adolescent exposure by including groups at other life stages (typically young adulthood). We consider epidemiological studies on age and sex as vulnerability factors for developing problems with the use of amphetamines, as well as human and animal laboratory studies that tap into age differences in use, its short-term effects on behavior, and the long-lasting consequences of this exposure on cognition. We also focus on studies of drug effects in the prefrontal cortex, which is known to be critically important for cognition and is among the later maturing brain regions. Finally, we discuss important issues that should be addressed in future studies so that the field can further our understanding of the mechanisms underlying adolescent use of amphetamines and its outcomes on the developing brain and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Westbrook
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Lauren K Carrica
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Asia Banks
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Joshua M Gulley
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
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14
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Traumatic brain injury and methamphetamine: A double-hit neurological insult. J Neurol Sci 2020; 411:116711. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Nazari A, Perez-Fernandez C, Flores P, Moreno M, Sánchez-Santed F. Age-dependent effects of repeated methamphetamine exposure on locomotor activity and attentional function in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 191:172879. [PMID: 32088359 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.172879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Many adolescents use amphetamines which are the second most common abused illegal drugs. Methamphetamine (Meth), as a potent amphetamine affects attentional functions. However, the most significant factor for susceptibility to Meth is the age of exposure, most studies have examined the effects of Meth after early adolescence stage. The present experiment was aimed to investigate some possible short- and long-term effects of Meth at two distinct points of adolescence stage (early versus late) on 1) locomotor activity in adolescent rats and 2) attentional functions in their adulthood. Rats received Meth (5 mg/kg, i.p., for consecutive 10 days) during early adolescence (postnatal days (PND) 30-39) or late adolescence (PND 50-59). Locomotor activity was assessed after the first and tenth injections. Then, in adulthood, rats were trained and tested on the Five-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT) to display possible attentional impairments. The first Meth administration in early exposed adolescent (EEA) group produced the highest level of activity, compared with the first exposure in late exposed adolescent (LEA) group and tenth administrations in both groups. In adulthood, LEA group significantly delayed learning the 5-CSRTT and exhibited attentional impairments, as demonstrated by significant reduced response accuracy and increased omission errors under pharmacological challenge, compared with control group. The susceptibility to Meth depends on the age of exposure and Meth administration during late adolescence stage may cause prolonged attentional deficits in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Nazari
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No, 88, Italia Street, Qods Street, 14177-55469 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Cristian Perez-Fernandez
- Department of Psychology, and Heath Research Center, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - Pilar Flores
- Department of Psychology, and Heath Research Center, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - Margarita Moreno
- Department of Psychology, and Heath Research Center, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - Fernando Sánchez-Santed
- Department of Psychology, and Heath Research Center, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain.
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16
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Copersino ML, Patel R, Price JS, Visser KF, Vitaliano G, Plitman E, Lukas SE, Weiss RD, Janes AC, Chakravarty MM. Interactive effects of age and recent substance use on striatal shape morphology at substance use disorder treatment entry. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 206:107728. [PMID: 31740207 PMCID: PMC6980652 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Striatal neuroadaptations are regarded to play an important role in the progression from voluntary to compulsive use of addictive substances and provide a promising target for the identification of neuroimaging biomarkers. Recent advances in surface-based computational analysis enable morphological assessment linking variations in global and local striatal shape to duration and magnitude of substance use with a degree of sensitivity that exceeds standard volumetric analysis. METHODS This study used a new segmentation methodology coupled with local surface-based indices of surface area and displacement to provide a comprehensive structural characterization of the striatum in 34 patients entering treatment for substance use disorder (SUD) and 49 controls, and to examine the influence of recent substance use on abnormal age-related striatal deformation in SUD patients. RESULTS Patients showed a small reduction in striatal volume and no difference in surface area or shape in comparison to controls. Between-group differences in shape were likely neutralized by the bidirectional influence of recent substance use on striatal shape in SUD patients. Specifically, there was an interaction between age and substance such that among older patients more drug use was associated with greater inward striatal contraction but more alcohol use was associated with greater outward expansion. CONCLUSIONS This study builds on previous work and advances our understanding of the nature of striatal neuroadaptations as a potential biomarker of disease progression in addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc L. Copersino
- Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Corresponding author: Marc L. Copersino, Ph.D., McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Mail Stop #103, Belmont, MA 02478, Phone: (617) 855-2853, Fax: (617) 855-4055,
| | - Raihaan Patel
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Jenessa S. Price
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Dept of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Gordana Vitaliano
- Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Eric Plitman
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Scott E. Lukas
- Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roger D. Weiss
- Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy C. Janes
- Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M. Mallar Chakravarty
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada;,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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17
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Luikinga SJ, Kim JH, Perry CJ. Developmental perspectives on methamphetamine abuse: Exploring adolescent vulnerabilities on brain and behavior. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 87:78-84. [PMID: 29128447 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Most people that experience illicit drugs do so for the first time during adolescence, and methamphetamine (meth) is no exception. Therefore, research into the effects of meth should highlight the adolescent period. Despite this, the vast majority of current literature has mainly focused on meth exposure during adulthood. In this review, we first describe existing literature that compares the behavioral effects of meth where exposure occurs in adolescence compared to adulthood. Given that there are actually very few such studies, we also look at what is known about neural effects of meth in the adult brain, and relate these to normal neural development occurring during the adolescent period to establish how meth may target maturing regions and related neurochemistry. What emerges overall is that adolescents appear to be more vulnerable to the rewarding and reinforcing effects of meth, and that meth indeed has effects on areas that are in flux during adolescence. However, there is some evidence for a paradoxical resistance to the neurotoxic effects during this period. We highlight the need for further age-related research to better understand, treat, and prevent meth use disorders and addiction in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia J Luikinga
- Behavioral Neuroscience Division, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, VIC, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Behavioral Neuroscience Division, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, VIC, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christina J Perry
- Behavioral Neuroscience Division, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, VIC, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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18
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Gillespie NA, Neale MC, Bates TC, Eyler LT, Fennema-Notestine C, Vassileva J, Lyons MJ, Prom-Wormley EC, McMahon KL, Thompson PM, de Zubicaray G, Hickie IB, McGrath JJ, Strike LT, Rentería ME, Panizzon MS, Martin NG, Franz CE, Kremen WS, Wright MJ. Testing associations between cannabis use and subcortical volumes in two large population-based samples. Addiction 2018; 113:10.1111/add.14252. [PMID: 29691937 PMCID: PMC6200645 DOI: 10.1111/add.14252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Disentangling the putative impact of cannabis on brain morphology from other comorbid substance use is critical. After controlling for the effects of nicotine, alcohol and multi-substance use, this study aimed to determine whether frequent cannabis use is associated with significantly smaller subcortical grey matter volumes. DESIGN Exploratory analyses using mixed linear models, one per region of interest (ROI), were performed whereby individual differences in volume (outcome) at seven subcortical ROIs were regressed onto cannabis and comorbid substance use (predictors). SETTING Two large population-based twin samples from the United States and Australia. PARTICIPANTS A total of 622 young Australian adults [66% female; μage = 25.9, standard deviation SD) = 3.6] and 474 middle-aged US males (μage = 56.1SD = 2.6 ) of predominately Anglo-Saxon ancestry with complete substance use and imaging data. Subjects with a history of stroke or traumatic brain injury were excluded. MEASUREMENTS Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and volumetric segmentation methods were used to estimate volume in seven subcortical ROIs: thalamus, caudate nucleus, putamen, pallidum, hippocampus, amygdala and nucleus accumbens. Substance use measurements included maximum nicotine and alcohol use, total life-time multi-substance use, maximum cannabis use in the young adults and regular cannabis use in the middle-aged males. FINDINGS After correcting for multiple testing (P = 0.007), cannabis use was unrelated to any subcortical ROI. However, maximum nicotine use was associated with significantly smaller thalamus volumes in middle-aged males. CONCLUSIONS In exploratory analyses based on young adult and middle-aged samples, normal variation in cannabis use is unrelated statistically to individual differences in brain morphology as measured by subcortical volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Gillespie
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavior Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA, USA
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael C. Neale
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavior Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA, USA
| | | | - Lisa T. Eyler
- Desert-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Jasmin Vassileva
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA, USA
| | - Michael J. Lyons
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Katie L. McMahon
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Greig de Zubicaray
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology
| | - Ian B. Hickie
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John J. McGrath
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Lachlan T. Strike
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Carol E. Franz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - William S. Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Margaret J. Wright
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
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19
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Disrupted iron regulation in the brain and periphery in cocaine addiction. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1040. [PMID: 28221362 PMCID: PMC5438021 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulant drugs acutely increase dopamine neurotransmission in the brain, and chronic use leads to neuroadaptive changes in the mesolimbic dopamine system and morphological changes in basal ganglia structures. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying these changes but preclinical evidence suggests that iron, a coenzyme in dopamine synthesis and storage, may be a candidate mediator. Iron is present in high concentrations in the basal ganglia and stimulant drugs may interfere with iron homeostasis. We hypothesised that morphological brain changes in cocaine addiction relate to abnormal iron regulation in the brain and periphery. We determined iron concentration in the brain, using quantitative susceptibility mapping, and in the periphery, using iron markers in circulating blood, in 44 patients with cocaine addiction and 44 healthy controls. Cocaine-addicted individuals showed excess iron accumulation in the globus pallidus, which strongly correlated with duration of cocaine use, and mild iron deficiency in the periphery, which was associated with low iron levels in the red nucleus. Our findings show that iron dysregulation occurs in cocaine addiction and suggest that it arises consequent to chronic cocaine use. Putamen enlargement in these individuals was unrelated to iron concentrations, suggesting that these are co-occurring morphological changes that may respectively reflect predisposition to, and consequences of cocaine addiction. Understanding the mechanisms by which cocaine affects iron metabolism may reveal novel therapeutic targets, and determine the value of iron levels in the brain and periphery as biomarkers of vulnerability to, as well as progression and response to treatment of cocaine addiction.
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20
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Willi TS, Lang DJ, Honer WG, Smith GN, Thornton AE, Panenka WJ, Procyshyn RM, Vila-Rodriguez F, Su W, Vertinsky AT, Leonova O, Rauscher A, MacEwan GW, Barr AM. Subcortical grey matter alterations in cocaine dependent individuals with substance-induced psychosis compared to non-psychotic cocaine users. Schizophr Res 2016; 176:158-163. [PMID: 27499362 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
After prolonged psychostimulant abuse, transient psychotic symptoms referred to as "substance-induced psychosis" (SIP) can develop - closely resembling symptoms observed in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The comparability in psychotic presentation between SIP and schizophrenias suggests that similar underlying neural deficits may contribute to the expression of psychosis across these disorders. To date, neuroanatomical characterization of grey matter structural alterations in SIP has been limited to methamphetamine associated psychosis, with no studies controlling for potential neurotoxic effects of the psychostimulant that precipitates psychosis. To investigate grey matter subcortical alterations in SIP, a voxel-based analysis of magnetic resonance images (MRI) was performed between a group of 74 cocaine dependent nonpsychotic individuals and a group of 29 individuals with cocaine-associated psychosis. The cocaine-associated psychosis group had significantly smaller volumes of the thalamus and left hippocampus, controlling for age, total brain volume, current methamphetamine dependence, and current marijuana dependence. No differences were present in bilateral caudate structures. The findings of reduced thalamic and hippocampal volumes agree with previous reports in the schizophrenia literature, suggesting alterations of these structures are not specific to schizophrenia, but may be common to multiple forms of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor S Willi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C. V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Donna J Lang
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - William G Honer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C. V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Geoff N Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C. V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Allen E Thornton
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby B.C. V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - William J Panenka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C. V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ric M Procyshyn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C. V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Fidel Vila-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C. V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Wayne Su
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C. V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - A Talia Vertinsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C. V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Olga Leonova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C. V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Alexander Rauscher
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - G William MacEwan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C. V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Alasdair M Barr
- Department of Pharmacology, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C. V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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21
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Brooks S, Burch K, Maiorana S, Cocolas E, Schioth H, Nilsson E, Kamaloodien K, Stein D. Psychological intervention with working memory training increases basal ganglia volume: A VBM study of inpatient treatment for methamphetamine use. Neuroimage Clin 2016; 12:478-91. [PMID: 27625988 PMCID: PMC5011179 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protracted methamphetamine (MA) use is associated with decreased control over drug craving and altered brain volume in the frontostriatal network. However, the nature of volumetric changes following a course of psychological intervention for MA use is not yet known. METHODS 66 males (41 MA patients, 25 healthy controls, HC) between the ages of 18-50 were recruited, the MA patients from new admissions to an in-patient drug rehabilitation centre and the HC via public advertisement, both in Cape Town, South Africa. 17 MA patients received 4 weeks of treatment as usual (TAU), and 24 MA patients completed TAU plus daily 30-minute cognitive training (CT) using an N-back working memory task. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at baseline and 4-week follow-up was acquired and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used for analysis. RESULTS TAU was associated with larger bilateral striatum (caudate/putamen) volume, whereas CT was associated with more widespread increases of the bilateral basal ganglia (incorporating the amygdala and hippocampus) and reduced bilateral cerebellum volume coinciding with improvements in impulsivity scores. CONCLUSIONS While psychological intervention is associated with larger volume in mesolimbic reward regions, the utilisation of additional working memory training as an adjunct to treatment may further normalize frontostriatal structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.J. Brooks
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, South Africa
| | - K.H. Burch
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, South Africa
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - S.A. Maiorana
- Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - E. Cocolas
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, South Africa
| | - H.B. Schioth
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - E.K. Nilsson
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - K. Kamaloodien
- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - D.J. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, South Africa
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22
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Mitchell S, Gao J, Hallett M, Voon V. The Role of Social Novelty in Risk Seeking and Exploratory Behavior: Implications for Addictions. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158947. [PMID: 27427940 PMCID: PMC4948764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Novelty preference or sensation seeking is associated with disorders of addiction and predicts rodent compulsive drug use and adolescent binge drinking in humans. Novelty has also been shown to influence choice in the context of uncertainty and reward processing. Here we introduce a novel or familiar neutral face stimuli and investigate its influence on risk-taking choices in healthy volunteers. We focus on behavioural outcomes and imaging correlates to the prime that might predict risk seeking. We hypothesized that subjects would be more risk seeking following a novel relative to familiar stimulus. We adapted a risk-taking task involving acceptance or rejection of a 50:50 choice of gain or loss that was preceded by a familiar (pre-test familiarization) or novel face prime. Neutral expression faces of males and females were used as primes. Twenty-four subjects were first tested behaviourally and then 18 scanned using a different variant of the same task under functional MRI. We show enhanced risk taking to both gain and loss anticipation following novel relative to familiar images and particularly for the low gain condition. Greater risk taking behaviour and self-reported exploratory behaviours was predicted by greater right ventral putaminal activity to novel versus familiar contexts. Social novelty appears to have a contextually enhancing effect on augmenting risky choices possibly mediated via ventral putaminal dopaminergic activity. Our findings link the observation that novelty preference and sensation seeking are important traits predicting the initiation and maintenance of risky behaviours, including substance and behavioural addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Mitchell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Gao
- Human Motor Control Section, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Mark Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Valerie Voon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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23
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Silveri MM, Dager AD, Cohen-Gilbert JE, Sneider JT. Neurobiological signatures associated with alcohol and drug use in the human adolescent brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 70:244-259. [PMID: 27377691 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) techniques provide opportunities to non-invasively characterize neurobiological milestones of adolescent brain development. Juxtaposed to the critical finalization of brain development is initiation of alcohol and substance use, and increased frequency and quantity of use, patterns that can lead to abuse and addiction. This review provides a comprehensive overview of existing MR studies of adolescent alcohol and drug users. The most common alterations reported across substance used and MR modalities are in the frontal lobe (63% of published studies). This is not surprising, given that this is the last region to reach neurobiological adulthood. Comparatively, evidence is less consistent regarding alterations in regions that mature earlier (e.g., amygdala, hippocampus), however newer techniques now permit investigations beyond regional approaches that are uncovering network-level vulnerabilities. Regardless of whether neurobiological signatures exist prior to the initiation of use, this body of work provides important direction for ongoing prospective investigations of adolescent brain development, and the significant impact of alcohol and substance use on the brain during the second decade of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa M Silveri
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alecia D Dager
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julia E Cohen-Gilbert
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer T Sneider
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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24
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Chronic Methamphetamine Effects on Brain Structure and Function in Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155457. [PMID: 27275601 PMCID: PMC4898739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) addiction is a growing epidemic worldwide. Chronic MA use has been shown to lead to neurotoxicity in rodents and humans. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in MA users have shown enlarged striatal volumes and positron emission tomography (PET) studies have shown decreased brain glucose metabolism (BGluM) in the striatum of detoxified MA users. The present study examines structural changes of the brain, observes microglial activation, and assesses changes in brain function, in response to chronic MA treatment. Rats were randomly split into three distinct treatment groups and treated daily for four months, via i.p. injection, with saline (controls), or low dose (LD) MA (4 mg/kg), or high dose (HD) MA (8 mg/kg). Sixteen weeks into the treatment period, rats were injected with a glucose analog, [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), and their brains were scanned with micro-PET to assess regional BGluM. At the end of MA treatment, magnetic resonance imaging at 21T was performed on perfused rats to determine regional brain volume and in vitro [3H]PK 11195 autoradiography was performed on fresh-frozen brain tissue to measure microglia activation. When compared with controls, chronic HD MA-treated rats had enlarged striatal volumes and increases in [3H]PK 11195 binding in striatum, the nucleus accumbens, frontal cortical areas, the rhinal cortices, and the cerebellar nuclei. FDG microPET imaging showed that LD MA-treated rats had higher BGluM in insular and somatosensory cortices, face sensory nucleus of the thalamus, and brainstem reticular formation, while HD MA-treated rats had higher BGluM in primary and higher order somatosensory and the retrosplenial cortices, compared with controls. HD and LD MA-treated rats had lower BGluM in the tail of the striatum, rhinal cortex, and subiculum and HD MA also had lower BGluM in hippocampus than controls. These results corroborate clinical findings and help further examine the mechanisms behind MA-induced neurotoxicity.
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25
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Lisdahl KM, Tamm L, Epstein JN, Jernigan T, Molina BSG, Hinshaw SP, Swanson JM, Newman E, Kelly C, Bjork JM. The impact of ADHD persistence, recent cannabis use, and age of regular cannabis use onset on subcortical volume and cortical thickness in young adults. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 161:135-46. [PMID: 26897585 PMCID: PMC5289096 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and chronic cannabis (CAN) use have been associated with brain structural abnormalities, although little is known about the effects of both in young adults. METHODS Participants included: those with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD who were CAN users (ADHD_CAN; n=37) and non-users (NU) (ADHD_NU; n=44) and a local normative comparison group (LNCG) who did (LNCG_CAN; n=18) and did not (LNCG_NU; n=21) use CAN regularly. Multiple regressions and MANCOVAs were used to examine the independent and interactive effects of a childhood ADHD diagnosis and CAN group status and age of onset (CUO) on subcortical volumes and cortical thickness. RESULTS After controlling for age, gender, total brain volume, nicotine use, and past-year binge drinking, childhood ADHD diagnosis did not predict brain structure; however, persistence of ADHD was associated with smaller left precentral/postcentral cortical thickness. Compared to all non-users, CAN users had decreased cortical thickness in right hemisphere superior frontal sulcus, anterior cingulate, and isthmus of cingulate gyrus regions and left hemisphere superior frontal sulcus and precentral gyrus regions. Early cannabis use age of onset (CUO) in those with ADHD predicted greater right hemisphere superior frontal and postcentral cortical thickness. DISCUSSION Young adults with persistent ADHD demonstrated brain structure abnormalities in regions underlying motor control, working memory and inhibitory control. Further, CAN use was linked with abnormal brain structure in regions with high concentrations of cannabinoid receptors. Additional large-scale longitudinal studies are needed to clarify how substance use impacts neurodevelopment in youth with and without ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista M Lisdahl
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Psychology Department, 2441 E. Hartford Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States.
| | - Leanne Tamm
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, ML10006, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Jeffery N Epstein
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, ML10006, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Terry Jernigan
- University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0115, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Brooke S G Molina
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychology, 3811 O'Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Stephen P Hinshaw
- University of California-Berkeley, Department of Psychology, Tolman Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, United States
| | - James M Swanson
- University of California, Irvine, 19722 MacArthur Boulevard, Irvine, CA 92612, United States
| | - Erik Newman
- University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0115, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Clare Kelly
- The Child Center at New York University, Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - James M Bjork
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, United States
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26
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Uhlmann A, Fouche JP, Koen N, Meintjes EM, Wilson D, Stein DJ. Fronto-temporal alterations and affect regulation in methamphetamine dependence with and without a history of psychosis. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2016; 248:30-38. [PMID: 26792587 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) has been shown to have neurotoxic effects associated with brain structure changes and schizophrenia-like psychotic symptoms. Although these abnormalities may in turn be related to cognitive impairment and increased aggression, their association with affect dysregulation is less well studied. We investigated cortical thickness and subcortical volumes in 21 participants with MA dependence, 19 patients with MA-associated psychosis (MAP), and 19 healthy controls. Participants' affect regulation abilities were assessed through self-report scales on emotion reactivity (ERS) and difficulties in emotion regulation (DERS) and correlated with differences in cortical thickness. MAP patients showed thinner cortices in the fusiform and inferior temporal gyrus (ITG), orbitofrontal (OFC) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and insula, compared to the MA group. MAP also showed significantly lower hippocampal volumes relative to MA and CTRL. Both clinical groups showed impairment in affect regulation, but only in MAP was this dysfunction associated with thinner cortices in ITG, OFC and IFG. Our findings suggest significant differences in cortical thickness in MA dependence with and without psychosis. Lower fronto-temporal cortical thickness and smaller hippocampal volumes in MAP are consistent with neuroimaging findings in other psychotic disorders, supporting the notion of MAP being a useful model of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Uhlmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Jean-Paul Fouche
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nastassja Koen
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ernesta M Meintjes
- MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Don Wilson
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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27
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Yildirim BO, Derksen JJL. Mesocorticolimbic dopamine functioning in primary psychopathy: A source of within-group heterogeneity. Psychiatry Res 2015; 229:633-77. [PMID: 26277034 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite similar emotional deficiencies, primary psychopathic individuals can be situated on a continuum that spans from controlled to disinhibited. The constructs on which primary psychopaths are found to diverge, such as self-control, cognitive flexibility, and executive functioning, are crucially regulated by dopamine (DA). As such, the goal of this review is to examine which specific alterations in the meso-cortico-limbic DA system and corresponding genes (e.g., TH, DAT, COMT, DRD2, DRD4) might bias development towards a more controlled or disinhibited expression of primary psychopathy. Based on empirical data, it is argued that primary psychopathy is generally related to a higher tonic and population activity of striatal DA neurons and lower levels of D2-type DA receptors in meso-cortico-limbic projections, which may boost motivational drive towards incentive-laden goals, dampen punishment sensitivity, and increase future reward-expectancy. However, increasingly higher levels of DA activity in the striatum (moderate versus pathological elevations), lower levels of DA functionality in the prefrontal cortex, and higher D1-to-D2-type receptor ratios in meso-cortico-limbic projections may lead to increasingly disinhibited and impetuous phenotypes of primary psychopathy. Finally, in order to provide a more coherent view on etiological mechanisms, we discuss interactions between DA and serotonin that are relevant for primary psychopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bariş O Yildirim
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Radboud University Nijmegen, De Kluyskamp 1002, 6545 JD Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan J L Derksen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Room: A.07.04B, Radboud University Nijmegen, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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28
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Wetherill RR, Jagannathan K, Hager N, Childress AR, Rao H, Franklin TR. Cannabis, Cigarettes, and Their Co-Occurring Use: Disentangling Differences in Gray Matter Volume. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 18:pyv061. [PMID: 26045474 PMCID: PMC4648161 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structural magnetic resonance imaging techniques are powerful tools for examining the effects of drug use on the brain. The nicotine and cannabis literature has demonstrated differences between nicotine cigarette smokers and cannabis users compared to controls in brain structure; however, less is known about the effects of co-occurring cannabis and tobacco use. METHODS We used voxel-based morphometry to examine gray matter volume differences between four groups: (1) cannabis-dependent individuals who do not smoke tobacco (Cs); (2) cannabis-dependent individuals who smoke tobacco (CTs); (3) cannabis-naïve, nicotine-dependent individuals who smoke tobacco (Ts); and (4) healthy controls (HCs). We also explored associations between gray matter volume and measures of cannabis and tobacco use. RESULTS A significant group effect was observed in the left putamen, thalamus, right precentral gyrus, and left cerebellum. Compared to HCs, the Cs, CTs, and Ts exhibited larger gray matter volumes in the left putamen. Cs also had larger gray matter volume than HCs in the right precentral gyrus. Cs and CTs exhibited smaller gray matter volume than HCs in the thalamus, and CTs and Ts had smaller left cerebellar gray matter volume than HCs. CONCLUSIONS This study extends previous research that independently examined the effects of cannabis or tobacco use on brain structure by including an examination of co-occurring cannabis and tobacco use, and provides evidence that cannabis and tobacco exposure are associated with alterations in brain regions associated with addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reagan R Wetherill
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Wetherill, Jagannathan, Childress, Rao, and Franklin, and Mr Hager).
| | - Kanchana Jagannathan
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Wetherill, Jagannathan, Childress, Rao, and Franklin, and Mr Hager)
| | - Nathan Hager
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Wetherill, Jagannathan, Childress, Rao, and Franklin, and Mr Hager)
| | - Anna Rose Childress
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Wetherill, Jagannathan, Childress, Rao, and Franklin, and Mr Hager)
| | - Hengyi Rao
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Wetherill, Jagannathan, Childress, Rao, and Franklin, and Mr Hager)
| | - Teresa R Franklin
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Wetherill, Jagannathan, Childress, Rao, and Franklin, and Mr Hager)
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29
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Buck JM, Siegel JA. The effects of adolescent methamphetamine exposure. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:151. [PMID: 25972781 PMCID: PMC4413725 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine use among adolescents is a significant social and public health concern. Despite increased awareness of methamphetamine use among younger people, relatively little research has examined the effects of adolescent methamphetamine use compared to adult use. Thus, much remains to be learned about how methamphetamine alters adolescent brain function and behavior. In this article we review recent trends in adolescent methamphetamine use and data examining the effects of adolescent methamphetamine use on the dopaminergic system and behavior in humans and animal models. Future research is warranted to expand our understanding of the effects of adolescent methamphetamine exposure and how those effects differ from those seen in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Buck
- Department of Psychology, Sewanee: The University of the South Sewanee, TN, USA
| | - Jessica A Siegel
- Department of Psychology, Sewanee: The University of the South Sewanee, TN, USA
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30
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Cuzen NL, Koopowitz SM, Ferrett HL, Stein DJ, Yurgelun-Todd D. Methamphetamine and cannabis abuse in adolescence: a quasi-experimental study on specific and long-term neurocognitive effects. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e005833. [PMID: 25636791 PMCID: PMC4316423 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Methamphetamine abuse affects brain structure and function. Although methamphetamine and cannabis are commonly abused together, few studies have investigated the differential neurocognitive consequences of methamphetamine abuse with or without cannabis. Furthermore, the effects of drug use on the developing adolescent brain remain poorly understood. We compared neurocognitive function between adolescents with 'pure' methamphetamine abuse, those with comorbid methamphetamine and cannabis abuse, and healthy controls at baseline and follow-up. METHODS Individuals residing in the greater Cape Town region, between the ages of 13 and 18 years, were recruited into either Methamphetamine only group (Meth-only; n=10), Methamphetamine and cannabis group (Meth-cann; n=10) or healthy control (n=20) groups using a quasi-experimental design. All participants underwent a comprehensive neurocognitive assessment. Substance-use variables and psychiatric symptom counts were also recorded. A portion of the Meth-only and control participants completed 12-month follow-up assessments. RESULTS While the Meth-cann group demonstrated widespread neurocognitive deficits at baseline, these deficits were restricted to the self-monitoring domain in the Meth-only group at baseline and at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Methamphetamine abuse with cannabis abuse is associated with significantly more neurocognitive impairment than methamphetamine abuse alone, and such deficits may be enduring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L Cuzen
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Sheri-Michelle Koopowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Helen L Ferrett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Deborah Yurgelun-Todd
- Brain Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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31
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Striatal morphology is associated with tobacco cigarette craving. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:406-11. [PMID: 25056595 PMCID: PMC4443954 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The striatum has a clear role in addictive disorders and is involved in drug-related craving. Recently, enhanced striatal volume was associated with greater lifetime nicotine exposure, suggesting a bridge between striatal function and structural phenotypes. To assess this link between striatal structure and function, we evaluated the relationship between striatal morphology and this brain region's well-established role in craving. In tobacco smokers, we assessed striatal volume, surface area, and shape using a new segmentation methodology coupled with local shape indices. Striatal morphology was then related with two measures of craving: state-based craving, assessed by the brief questionnaire of smoking urges (QSU), and craving induced by smoking-related images. A positive association was found between left striatal volume and surface area with both measures of craving. A more specific relationship was found between both craving measures and the dorsal, but not in ventral striatum. Evaluating dorsal striatal subregions showed a single relationship between the caudate and QSU. Although cue-induced craving and the QSU were both associated with enlarged striatal volume and surface area, these measures were differentially associated with global or more local striatal volumes. We also report a connection between greater right striatal shape deformations and cue-induced craving. Shape deformations associated with cue-induced craving were specific to striatal subregions involved in habitual responding to rewarding stimuli, which is relevant given the habitual nature of cue-induced craving. The current findings confirm a relationship between striatal function and morphology and suggest that variation in striatal morphology may be a biomarker for craving severity.
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Dalvie S, Stein DJ, Koenen K, Cardenas V, Cuzen NL, Ramesar R, Fein G, Brooks SJ. The BDNF p.Val66Met polymorphism, childhood trauma, and brain volumes in adolescents with alcohol abuse. BMC Psychiatry 2014; 14:328. [PMID: 25510982 PMCID: PMC4295262 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-014-0328-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have indicated that early life adversity, genetic factors and alcohol dependence are associated with reduced brain volume in adolescents. However, data on the interactive effects of early life adversity, genetic factors (e.g. p.Met66 allele of BDNF), and alcohol dependence, on brain structure in adolescents is limited. We examined whether the BDNF p.Val66Met polymorphism interacts with childhood trauma to predict alterations in brain volume in adolescents with alcohol use disorders (AUDs). METHODS We examined 160 participants (80 adolescents with DSM-IV AUD and 80 age- and gender-matched controls) who were assessed for trauma using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Magnetic resonance images were acquired for a subset of the cohort (58 AUD and 58 controls) and volumes of global and regional structures were estimated using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Samples were genotyped for the p.Val66Met polymorphism using the TaqMan® Assay. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and post-hoc t-tests were conducted using SPM8 VBM. RESULTS No significant associations, corrected for multiple comparisons, were found between the BDNF p.Val66Met polymorphism, brain volumes and AUD in adolescents with childhood trauma. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary findings suggest that the BDNF p.Met66 allele and childhood trauma may not be associated with reduced structural volumes in AUD. Other genetic contributors should be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shareefa Dalvie
- MRC/UCT Human Genetics Research Unit, Division of Human Genetics, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Karestan Koenen
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | - Natalie L Cuzen
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Raj Ramesar
- MRC/UCT Human Genetics Research Unit, Division of Human Genetics, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - George Fein
- Neurobehavioral Research Inc, Honolulu, HI, USA.
| | - Samantha J Brooks
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Trait positive affect is associated with hippocampal volume and change in caudate volume across adolescence. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2014; 15:80-94. [DOI: 10.3758/s13415-014-0319-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lisdahl KM, Wright NE, Kirchner-Medina C, Maple KE, Shollenbarger S. Considering Cannabis: The Effects of Regular Cannabis Use on Neurocognition in Adolescents and Young Adults. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2014; 1:144-156. [PMID: 25013751 PMCID: PMC4084860 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-014-0019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-six percent of high school seniors have used cannabis in the past year, and an alarming 6.5% smoked cannabis daily, up from 2.4% in 1993 (Johnston et al., 2013). Adolescents and emerging adults are undergoing significant neurodevelopment and animal studies suggest they may be particularly vulnerable to negative drug effects. In this review, we will provide a detailed overview of studies outlining the effects of regular (at least weekly) cannabis use on neurocognition, including studies outlining cognitive, structural and functional findings. We will also explore the public health impact of this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista M. Lisdahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Natasha E. Wright
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | - Kristin E. Maple
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI
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Castelli MP, Madeddu C, Casti A, Casu A, Casti P, Scherma M, Fattore L, Fadda P, Ennas MG. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol prevents methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98079. [PMID: 24844285 PMCID: PMC4028295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a potent psychostimulant with neurotoxic properties. Heavy use increases the activation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), production of peroxynitrites, microglia stimulation, and induces hyperthermia and anorectic effects. Most METH recreational users also consume cannabis. Preclinical studies have shown that natural (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, Δ9-THC) and synthetic cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptor agonists exert neuroprotective effects on different models of cerebral damage. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of Δ9-THC on METH-induced neurotoxicity by examining its ability to reduce astrocyte activation and nNOS overexpression in selected brain areas. Rats exposed to a METH neurotoxic regimen (4×10 mg/kg, 2 hours apart) were pre- or post-treated with Δ9-THC (1 or 3 mg/kg) and sacrificed 3 days after the last METH administration. Semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies against nNOS and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP). Results showed that, as compared to corresponding controls (i) METH-induced nNOS overexpression in the caudate-putamen (CPu) was significantly attenuated by pre- and post-treatment with both doses of Δ9-THC (−19% and −28% for 1 mg/kg pre- and post-treated animals; −25% and −21% for 3 mg/kg pre- and post-treated animals); (ii) METH-induced GFAP-immunoreactivity (IR) was significantly reduced in the CPu by post-treatment with 1 mg/kg Δ9-THC1 (−50%) and by pre-treatment with 3 mg/kg Δ9-THC (−53%); (iii) METH-induced GFAP-IR was significantly decreased in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) by pre- and post-treatment with both doses of Δ9-THC (−34% and −47% for 1 mg/kg pre- and post-treated animals; −37% and −29% for 3 mg/kg pre- and post-treated animals). The cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A attenuated METH-induced nNOS overexpression in the CPu, but failed to counteract the Δ9-THC-mediated reduction of METH-induced GFAP-IR both in the PFC and CPu. Our results indicate that Δ9-THC reduces METH-induced brain damage via inhibition of nNOS expression and astrocyte activation through CB1-dependent and independent mechanisms, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Paola Castelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Center of Excellence “Neurobiology of Addiction”, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Camilla Madeddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alberto Casti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Angelo Casu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paola Casti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Scherma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Liana Fattore
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience-Cagliari, National Research Council-Italy, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paola Fadda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Center of Excellence “Neurobiology of Addiction”, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- National Institute of Neuroscience (INN), University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M. Grazia Ennas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Li H, Lu Q, Xiao E, Li Q, He Z, Mei X. Methamphetamine enhances the development of schizophrenia in first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2014; 59:107-13. [PMID: 24881129 PMCID: PMC4079234 DOI: 10.1177/070674371405900206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although there is some evidence that methamphetamine (MA) abuse may play a causative role in the development of schizophrenia, studies directly linking these 2 are rare. METHODS In our study, the effect of MA abuse on the development of schizophrenia was investigated in 15 MA abusers who are offspring of patients with schizophrenia and 15 siblings of MA abusers without a history of drug abuse. Cognitive deficits and resting-state brain function were evaluated in all participants. Correlations between cognitive deficits and schizophrenia development were investigated. RESULTS Significantly more cognitive impairments were observed in MA abusers, compared with their siblings without a history of drug use. Significant abnormalities in regional homogeneity (ReHo) signals were observed in resting brain in MA abusers. Decreased ReHo was found to be distributed over the bilateral cingulate gyrus, right Brodmann area 24, and bilateral anterior cingulate cortex. Seven MA abusers were diagnosed with schizophrenia, while 1 control sibling was diagnosed with schizophrenia during the 5-year follow-up. The cognitive scores correlated with the development of schizophrenia in MA abusers. CONCLUSION Our study provides direct evidence for the causative role of MA use in the etiology of schizophrenia and highlights the role of MA-induced brain abnormalities in cognitive deficiency and development of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabing Li
- Attending Physician, Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiong Lu
- Attending Physician, Department of Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Enhua Xiao
- Professor, Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuyun Li
- Attending Physician, Department of Radiology, Hunan Province Brain Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Zhong He
- Associate Professor, Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xilong Mei
- Attending Physician, Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Groman SM, Morales AM, Lee B, London ED, Jentsch JD. Methamphetamine-induced increases in putamen gray matter associate with inhibitory control. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013; 229:527-38. [PMID: 23748383 PMCID: PMC3770792 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Problematic drug use is associated with difficulty in exerting self-control over behaviors, and this difficulty may be a consequence of atypical morphometric characteristics that are exhibited by drug-experienced individuals. The extent to which these structural abnormalities result from drug use or reflect neurobiological risk factors that predate drug use, however, is unknown. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to determine how methamphetamine affects corticostriatal structure and how drug-induced changes relate to alterations in inhibitory control. METHODS Structural magnetic resonance images and positron emission tomography (PET) scans, assessing dopamine D₂-like receptor and transporter availability, were acquired in monkeys trained to acquire, retain, and reverse three-choice visual discrimination problems before and after exposure to an escalating dose regimen of methamphetamine (or saline, as a control). Voxel-based morphometry was used to compare changes in corticostriatal gray matter between methamphetamine- and saline-exposed monkeys. The change in gray matter before and after the dosing regimen was compared to the change in the behavioral performance and in dopaminergic markers measured with PET. RESULTS Methamphetamine exposure, compared to saline, increased gray matter within the right putamen. These changes were positively correlated with changes in performance of methamphetamine-exposed monkeys in the reversal phase, and were negatively correlated with alterations in D₂-like receptor and DAT availability. CONCLUSIONS The results provide the first evidence that exposure to a methamphetamine dosing regimen that resembles human use alters the structural integrity of the striatum and that gray-matter abnormalities detected in human methamphetamine users are due, at least in part, to the pharmacological effects of drug experience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelica M. Morales
- Department of Psychiatry & Bio-behavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Buyean Lee
- Department of Psychiatry & Bio-behavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Edythe D. London
- Department of Psychiatry & Bio-behavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles,Department of Medical and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - James David Jentsch
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles,Department of Psychiatry & Bio-behavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles,Correspondence should be sent to: J. David Jentsch () UCLA Department of Psychology PO Box 951563 Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563
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