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Butorac D, Ćelap I, Kačkov Maslać S, Miletić T, Tomašković AH, Turčić P, Rašić D, Stojanović I, Rajković MG. Paraoxonase and arylesterase activity of paraoxonase 1 and oxidative stress parameters in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2024; 34:030701. [PMID: 38125616 PMCID: PMC10731734 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2024.010701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is the enzyme that removes carcinogenic radicals from lipids. The aim of the study was to investigate the differences in PON1 activity and oxidation stress parameters between patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and healthy controls. Materials and methods The study included 65 women with CIN and 109 healthy women. Lipid parameters were determined on Cobas Integra 400 plus (Roche, Mannheim, Germany). Tiols and reduced glutathione (GSH) were determined spectrophotometric using Eliman reagent. Activity of PON1 was assessed with two substrates, paraoxon and phenylacetate by spectrophotometric method. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan). Mann-Whitney-test, t-test, χ2-test, correlation and logistic regression was used in statistical analysis. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The basal (P = 0.929) and NaCl-stimulated (P = 0.985) PON1 activity and activities standardised on the concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL; P = 0.076; P = 0.065, respectively) and apolipoprotein AI (apo AI; P = 0.444; P = 0.499, respectively) as well as PON1 phenotypes (P = 0.842) did not differ significantly between the groups. The PON1 arylesterase activity (53±19 kU/L vs. 77±17 kU/L; P < 0.001) and HDL-standardized activity (37 (28-44) kU/mmol vs. 43 (37-50) kU/mmol; P < 0.001) and apoAI (29±11 kU/g vs. 44±11 kU/g; P < 0.001) was significantly reduced in the CIN group. The concentration of the thiol groups was similar (P = 0.519), of MDA was lower (0.39 (0.27-0.55) µmol/L vs. 0.76 (0.57-1.15) µmol/L; P < 0.001) and of GSH was higher (112.0 (66.0-129.6) µg/mL vs. 53.4 (34.8-134.4) µg/mL; P < 0.001) in the CIN group. Conclusion Reduced PON1 arylesterase activity, lower MDA and higher GSH concentration were observed in CIN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dražan Butorac
- Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Ćelap
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Medical biochemistry and Hematology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Andrea Hulina Tomašković
- Department of Medical biochemistry and Hematology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petra Turčić
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Rašić
- Unit of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Stojanović
- Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Grdić Rajković
- Department of Medical biochemistry and Hematology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Sincan S, Sincan G, Aşkın S, Kızıltunç A. Evaluation of Serum Paraoxonase, Myeloperoxidase, and HDL-Cholesterol Levels in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Inflammation 2023; 46:2470-2476. [PMID: 37917329 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01924-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress play a significant role in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia. While myeloperoxidase carries pro-oxidant effects, HDL-cholesterol and paraoxonase have antioxidant properties. Therefore, we evaluated serum paraoxonase, myeloperoxidase, and HDL-cholesterol levels in cases with acute myeloid leukemia. Myeloperoxidase, paraoxonase, and HDL-cholesterol levels in 40 acute myeloid leukemia patients and 18 healthy individuals were determined. The relationship between these parameters and other prognostic factors, as well as their association with response to chemotherapy, was investigated. Myeloperoxidase levels were higher, while paraoxonase and HDL-cholesterol levels were lower in acute myeloid leukemia cases compared to the control group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.006, respectively). The myeloperoxidase level was significantly negatively correlated with paraoxonase and HDL-c levels (r = - 0.64, p < 0.001; r = - 0.27, p = 0.02, respectively). Paraoxonase level was positively correlated with HDL level (r = 0.34, p = 0.04). Lactate dehydrogenase level was negatively correlated with HDL-c and paraoxonase levels and positively correlated with myeloperoxidase level (r = - 0.37, p = 0.019; r = - 0.35, p = 0.04; r = 0.45, p = 0.03, respectively). Following complete remission induction treatment, cases with complete remission had lower myeloperoxidase levels and higher HDL-cholesterol and paraoxonase levels compared to other cases (p = 0.03, p = 0.01, p = 0.04, respectively). Myeloperoxidase levels are higher, while paraoxonase and HDL-cholesterol levels are lower in acute myeloid leukemia cases. The obtained findings emphasize the potential importance of inflammation and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia. These parameters can be used as biomarkers for prognosis prediction and prediction of response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suat Sincan
- Department of Family Medicine, Medical School, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Gülden Sincan
- Department of Hematology, Medical School, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Seda Aşkın
- Ataturk University Vocational School of Health Services, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kızıltunç
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical School, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Martin M, Davico B, Verona MF, Tetzlaff WF, Lozano Chiappe E, Gilligan L, Jimenez G, Gomez Rosso L, Ballerini G, Boero L, Verona J, Brites F. Impaired HDL-associated enzymes and proteins in children and adolescents with weight disorders and their association with novel cardiometabolic indexes. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:2517-2526. [PMID: 37793940 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Overweight/obesity (OW/OB) is associated with modifications in lipoprotein (Lp)-associated enzymes and proteins, such as cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), Lp-associated phospholipase A2 (LpPLA2) and paraoxonase (PON)1. No evidence is available regarding underweight (UW). The following indexes have been proposed to better assess atherogenic risk related to weight alterations: triglycerides-glucose index (TyG), visceral adiposity index (VAI) and height-corrected lipid accumulation product (HLAP). AIM To analyze the presence of alterations in Lp-associated enzymes and proteins in children and adolescents with UW and OW/OB and their relation to novel cardiometabolic indexes. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty male children and adolescents with UW, 66 with normal weight (NW) and 30 with OW/OB were included. Anthropometric parameters, glucose, Lp profile and the activities of CETP, LpPLA2 and PON1 were evaluated. Body mass index (BMI)-z, TyG, VAI and HLAP were calculated. UW and NW showed lower CETP activity than OW/OB (Mean ± SD) (218 ± 38vs.224 ± 26vs.237 ± 26%/mL.h; p < 0.05). UW and OW/OB showed lower PON1 activity than NW (318 ± 170vs.409 ± 200vs.310 ± 184 nmol/mL.min; p < 0.05). TyG was higher in OW/OB than UW (p < 0.01), whilst both HLAP (p < 0.05) and VAI (p < 0.01) followed a linear trend across weight categories. After adjusting for age and BMI-z, TyG was an independent predictor of CETP (r2 = 0.25, β = -0.22, p < 0.01) and LpPLA2 (r2 = 0.21,β = -0.21,p < 0.05), while VAI (r2 = 0.21,β = -0.32,p < 0.01) and HLAP (r2 = 0.20,β = -0.31,p < 0.01) of CETP. CONCLUSIONS Both UW and OW/OB showed impaired antioxidant PON1 activity. Moreover, TyG, VAI and HLAP were all capable of predicting alterations in crucial modulators of Lp metabolism and vascular inflammation in children and adolescents with varying degrees of alterations in body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano Martin
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Belen Davico
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Walter Francisco Tetzlaff
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Lozano Chiappe
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lisandro Gilligan
- Hospital Municipal subzonal de Balcarce Dr. Felipe A. Fossatti, Argentina
| | | | - Leonardo Gomez Rosso
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Ballerini
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Boero
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julian Verona
- Hospital Municipal subzonal de Balcarce Dr. Felipe A. Fossatti, Argentina
| | - Fernando Brites
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Martin M, Gaete L, Tetzlaff W, Ferraro F, Lozano Chiappe E, Botta EE, Osta V, Saez MS, Lorenzon Gonzalez MV, Palenque P, Ballerini G, Sorroche P, Boero L, Triffone L, Brites F. Vascular inflammation and impaired reverse cholesterol transport and lipid metabolism in obese children and adolescents. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:258-268. [PMID: 34895801 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Childhood obesity is associated to complications such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. High density lipoproteins (HDL) constitute the only lipoprotein fraction with ateroprotective properties. The aim of the present study was to analyze inflammatory markers, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid profile and HDL functionality in obese children and adolescents compared to healthy controls. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty obese children and adolescents (Body mass index z score >3.0) (9-15 years old) and 20 age and sex similar controls were included in the study. Triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, LDL-C, apolipoproteins (apo) A-I and B, glucose and insulin levels were quantified. Lipid indexes and HOMA-IR were calculated. Cholesterol efflux (CEC), lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein, plus paraoxonase and arylesterase (ARE) activities were evaluated. Obese children and adolescents showed significantly higher TG [69 (45-95) vs 96 (76-121); p < 0.05], non-HDL-C [99 ± 34 vs 128 ± 26; p < 0.01], TC/HDL-C [2.8 ± 0.6 vs 4.7 ± 1.5; p < 0.01], TG/HDL-C [1.1 (1.0-1.8) vs 2,2 (1.4-3.2); p < 0.01], and HOMA-IR [1.5 (1.1-1.9) vs. 2.6 (2.0-4.5); p < 0.01] values, plus Lp-PLA2 activity [8.3 ± 1.9 vs 7.1 ± 1.7 umol/ml.h; p < 0,05] in addition to lower HDL-C [57 ± 10 vs 39 ± 9; p < 0.01], apo A-I [143 ± 25 vs 125 ± 19; p < 0.05], and CEC [6.4 (5.1-6.8) vs. 7.8 (5.7-9.5); p < 0.01] plus LCAT [12.6 ± 3.3 vs 18.7 ± 2.6; p < 0.05] and ARE [96 ± 19 vs. 110 ± 19; p < 0.05] activities. Lp-PLA2 activity correlated with LDL-C (r = 0.72,p < 0.01), non-HDL-C (r = 0.76,p < 0.01), and apo B (r = 0.60,p < 0.01). LCAT activity correlated with triglycerides (r = -0.78,p < 0.01), HDL-C (r = 0.64,p < 0.01), and apo A-I (r = 0.62, p < 0.05). ARE activity correlated with HDL-C (r = 0.32,p < 0.05) and apoA-I (r = 0.43,p < 0.01). CEC was negatively associated with BMI z-score (r = -0.36,p < 0.05), and triglycerides (r = -0.28,p < 0.05), and positively with LCAT activity (r = 0.65,p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, BMI z-score was the only parameter significantly associated to CEC (r2 = 0.43, beta = -0.38, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The obese group showed alterations in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, which were associated to the presence of vascular specific inflammation and impairment of HDL atheroprotective capacity. These children and adolescents would present qualitative alterations in their lipoproteins which would determine higher risk of suffering premature cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano Martin
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Laura Gaete
- Servicio de Nutrición y Diabetes, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Walter Tetzlaff
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Ferraro
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Lozano Chiappe
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana E Botta
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Viviana Osta
- Laboratorio Central, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria S Saez
- Laboratorio Central, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Patricia Palenque
- Servicio de Nutrición y Diabetes, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Ballerini
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Laura Boero
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Liliana Triffone
- Servicio de Nutrición y Diabetes, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Brites
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Increased Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein and Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 Activities in Children and Adolescents Presenting High Triglyceride/High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) Ratio. Indian J Pediatr 2021; 88:1180-1186. [PMID: 34097230 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-021-03806-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the association between Triglyceride/High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) index and these enzymes and proteins in a pediatric population. METHODS Children and adolescents (7-14 y old) were recruited (n = 150) and anthropometric data were registered. Glucose, TG, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-C plus cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activities were determined. RESULTS Twenty-five individuals presented TG/HDL-C ratio ≥ 3.0. These individuals exhibited higher TG [164 (126-186) vs. 65 (48-72) mg/dL; p < 0.01] CETP [250 (232-263) vs. 223 (193-237)% mL/min; p < 0.01] and Lp-PLA2 (4.5 ± 1.9 vs. 3.5 ± 1.3; p < 0.05) plus lower HDL-C [41 (37-49) vs. 52 (48-62) mg/dL; p < 0.01] compared to an age-matched group with TG/HDL-C < 3.0. TG/HDL-C ratio was associated to CETP (p < 0.01) and Lp-PLA2 (p < 0.05). Multiple lineal regression analyses showed TG/HDL-C index as an independent predictor of CETP (r2 = 0.29; beta = 0.49; p < 0.01) and Lp-PLA2 (r2 = 0.21; beta = 0.32; p < 0.05) activities. CONCLUSION Children and adolescents with TG/HDL-C ≥ 3.0 presented a more atherogenic lipid profile and higher CETP and Lp-PLA2 activities, which would indicate alterations in lipoprotein metabolism and quality.
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Paraoxonase 1 as antioxidant enzyme in children. Pathology 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-815972-9.00009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Martínez-Salazar MF, Soriano-Martínez MDLL, Juantorena-Ugas A, Almenares-López D, Yescas P, Boll MC, Monroy-Noyola A. Paraoxonase-1 polymorphisms and cerebral ischemic stroke: a pilot study in mexican patients. COLOMBIA MEDICA (CALI, COLOMBIA) 2018; 49:223-227. [PMID: 30410197 PMCID: PMC6220488 DOI: 10.25100/cm.v49i2.2217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background: The serum paraoxonase-1 (PON1) associated to HDL presents two common polymorphisms in the positions 192 and 55. These polymorphisms are considered determinant of the capacity of HDL to protect LDL from their oxidative modification. In this context, the PON1 genotype has been associated with cardiovascular diseases, including stroke. Objective: To determine the allelic and genotypic frequencies of PON1 L55M and Q192R as well as the enzymatic activities of PON1 in subjects with and without atherothrombotic stroke. Methods: There were included 28 people with atherothrombotic stroke and 29 without stroke. The genotyping was carried out by PCR-RFLP and the phenotyping by measurement of the activities of paraoxonase and arylesterase in serum. Results: For the polymorphism Q192R, the allelic frequencies (Q/R) were 0.46/0.54 and 0.48/0.52 (p= 0.843) for the control group and the group with stroke, respectively. While for the polymorphism L55M, the allelic frequencies (L/M) were 0.81/0.19 for the control group, and 0.78/0.22 for the group with stroke (p= 0.610). The activity levels of paraoxonase were not significantly different between the control and stroke groups (450 vs. 348 UI/mL, p= 0.093) While the activity levels of arylesterase were significantly different between the studied groups (90 vs. 70 UI/mL, p= 0.001); however, upon adjustment by multiple linear regression, it was not longer significant. Conclusion: The polymorphisms Q192R and L55M, and the paraoxonase activity of PON1 are not risk factors for atherothrombotic stroke according to the results of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alina Juantorena-Ugas
- Laboratorio de Neuroprotección, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos. Cuernavaca, México
| | - Damianys Almenares-López
- División Ciencias Agropecuarias e Ingenierías, Universidad Popular de la Chontalpa, Cárdenas, Tabasco, México
| | - Petra Yescas
- Departamento de Neurogenética, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, M.V.S. Ciudad de México. Mexico
| | - Marie-Catherine Boll
- Investigación Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, M.V.S. Ciudad de México México
| | - Antonio Monroy-Noyola
- Laboratorio de Neuroprotección, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos. Cuernavaca, México
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Hirschler V, Martín M, Oestreicher K, Molinari C, Tetzlaff W, Botta E, Boero L, Brites F. Activity of the antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase in Argentinean children living at high altitude. Redox Rep 2017; 23:35-40. [PMID: 28853330 PMCID: PMC6748698 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2017.1370783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Children living at high altitude in San Antonio de los
Cobres (SAC), Argentina, were shown to have lower high-density lipoprotein
cholesterol (HDL-C) levels than Buenos Aires (BA) children. HDL antioxidant
capacity is mainly attributed to paraoxonase1 (PON1). Objective: To compare PON1 activity in indigenous SAC vs. BA
children. Methods: A cross-sectional study compared 158 SAC vs. 97 BA children
(6–16 years). Anthropometric data and lipoprotein profile were measured.
PON1 was evaluated employing paraoxon (PON) and phenylacetate (ARE)
activity. Results: The prevalence of overweight/obesity was lower in SAC than
in BA children (18.3 vs. 30.9%). Triglycerides (1.34 vs.
0.90 mmol/l), apo B (0.84 vs.0.72 g/l), apo A-I
(1.33 vs. 1.27 g/l), and ARE activity (100
vs. 90 µmol/ml/min) were higher, while HDL-C
(1.16 vs. 1.32 mmol/l) and PON activity (170 vs.
203 nmol/ml/min) were lower in SAC than in BA. Separate multiple linear
regression analyses showed that SAC children had significantly higher
triglyceride (Beta −0.38), apo B (Beta −0.34), and ARE (Beta
−0.36) plus lower HDL-C (Beta 0.33) and PON (Beta 0.25) compared with BA;
adjusted for age, gender, and BMI. Conclusion: SAC showed an unfavorable lipoprotein profile, lower PON
and higher ARE activities compared with BA children, suggesting the presence of
altered HDL metabolism and antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hirschler
- a University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - M Martín
- b Laboratory of Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry , University of Buenos Aires-CONICET , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - K Oestreicher
- a University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - C Molinari
- a University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - W Tetzlaff
- b Laboratory of Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry , University of Buenos Aires-CONICET , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - E Botta
- b Laboratory of Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry , University of Buenos Aires-CONICET , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - L Boero
- b Laboratory of Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry , University of Buenos Aires-CONICET , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - F Brites
- b Laboratory of Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry , University of Buenos Aires-CONICET , Buenos Aires , Argentina
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Antioxidative activity of high-density lipoprotein (HDL): Mechanistic insights into potential clinical benefit. BBA CLINICAL 2017; 8:66-77. [PMID: 28936395 PMCID: PMC5597817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Uptake of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles by macrophages represents a key step in the development of atherosclerotic plaques, leading to the foam cell formation. Chemical modification of LDL is however necessary to induce this process. Proatherogenic LDL modifications include aggregation, enzymatic digestion and oxidation. LDL oxidation by one-electron (free radicals) and two-electron oxidants dramatically increases LDL affinity to macrophage scavenger receptors, leading to rapid LDL uptake and fatty streak formation. Circulating high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, primarily small, dense, protein-rich HDL3, provide potent protection of LDL from oxidative damage by free radicals, resulting in the inhibition of the generation of pro-inflammatory oxidized lipids. HDL-mediated inactivation of lipid hydroperoxides involves their initial transfer from LDL to HDL and subsequent reduction to inactive hydroxides by redox-active Met residues of apolipoprotein A-I. Several HDL-associated enzymes are present at elevated concentrations in HDL3 relative to large, light HDL2 and can be involved in the inactivation of short-chain oxidized phospholipids. Therefore, HDL represents a multimolecular complex capable of acquiring and inactivating proatherogenic lipids. Antioxidative function of HDL can be impaired in several metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Structural and compositional anomalies in the HDL proteome and lipidome underlie such functional deficiency. Concomitant normalization of the metabolism, circulating levels, composition and biological activities of HDL particles, primarily those of small, dense HDL3, can constitute future therapeutic target.
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Associations between disease activity, markers of HDL functionality and arterial stiffness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Atherosclerosis 2016; 251:438-444. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Zargari M, Sharafeddin F, Mahrooz A, Alizadeh A, Masoumi P. The common variant Q192R at the paraoxonase 1 (PON1) gene and its activity are responsible for a portion of the altered antioxidant status in type 2 diabetes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1489-96. [PMID: 27022137 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216641786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activities and the variant PON1-Q192R on the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and total thiol. In addition, we examined the distribution of genotypes of this variant and the relationship of the genotypes with age in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). A total of 115 patients with T2D were enrolled in this study. Paraoxonase activity (PON-para) and arylesterase activity (PON-aryl) were determined using spectrophotometric assays. The distribution of the Q192R genotypes was determined by the double substrate method. The antioxidant status was evaluated by determining FRAP and total thiol. The frequencies of Q and R allozyme were 0.78 and 0.22, respectively. The multivariate analysis identified a significant association between the variables PON1-Q192R (Wilks' λ = 0.85, P = 0.002) and PON-aryl (Wilks' λ = 0.896, P = 0.017), with FRAP and total thiol. The significant difference observed for PON1-Q192R and PON-aryl is primarily due to the changes in FRAP levels (η(2 )= 0.127, P = 0.002 for PON1-Q192R; η(2 )= 0.083, P = 0.011 for PON-aryl). The interaction PON1-Q192R-PON-aryl increased the effect sizes from 8 to 19% for FRAP. Only in R-carrying genotypes, there were significant correlations between both PON-para/HDL (r = -0.574, P < 0.001) and PON-aryl/HDL (r = -0.577, P < 0.001) with age. Our data suggest that the variant PON1-Q192R and PON1 activity, particularly PON-aryl, influenced the antioxidant status in T2D. The interaction of this variant and PON1 activity increased the effect size on the antioxidant capacity. Moreover, the presence of the R allozyme may potentiate the effects of age on susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehryar Zargari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4816863643, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Sharafeddin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4816863643, Iran
| | - Abdolkarim Mahrooz
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4816863643, Iran Immunogenetic Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4816863643, Iran
| | - Ahad Alizadeh
- Department of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran 8158968433, Iran
| | - Parisa Masoumi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4816863643, Iran
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Ahmed NS, Shafik NM, Elraheem OA, Abou-Elnoeman SEA. Association of paraoxonase-1(Q192R and L55M) gene polymorphisms and activity with colorectal cancer and effect of surgical intervention. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:803-9. [PMID: 25684529 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.2.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death. Oxidative DNA damage may contribute to cancer risk and the antioxidant paraoxonase is one endogenous free radical scavenger in the human body which could therefore exert an influeence. PURPOSE Aim of this study was to determine the role of serum arylesterase (ARE) and paraoxonase 1(PON1) activities in CRC patients and to find any association between (PON1) Q192R and L55M gene polymorphisms in CRC patients. Also the serum ARE and PON1 activities in CRC patients will be investigated before and after surgery Materials and Methods: This study involved a total of 50 patients with newly diagnosed CRC and 80 healthy controls. PON1 and ARE activities were determined using an enzymatic spectrophotometric method. PON1 Q192R and L55M gene polymorphisms were determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) based restriction fragment analysis. The restriction enzyme AlwI was used to examine the Q192R polymorphism and Hsp92II for the L55M polymorphism. RESULTS Significant differences in the PON1 Q192R polymorphism were found between patients and controls. The Q allele was more frequent in the patient group than in controls, while the R allele was more frequent in the controls. Significant differences were found in the L55M polymorphism. Additionally, there were significant differences in L and M allele frequencies (p=0.001). The serum activities of PON1 and ARE were low in QQ and MM genotype. CONCLUSIONS serum PON1 and ARE activities were significantly lower in CRC patients compared to healthy subjects. The R allele may protect against colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagwa S Ahmed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt E-mail :
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Butorac D, Celap I, Kačkov S, Robić V, Miletić T, Meštrić ZF, Hulina A, Kuna K, Grubišić TŽ, Rajković MG. Paraoxonase 1 activity and phenotype distribution in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2014; 24:273-80. [PMID: 24969921 PMCID: PMC4083579 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2014.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Postmenopausal women have higher risk of cardiovascular disease. One of the contributing factors could be reduced activity of anti-atherogenic enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1). The aim of this study was to examine differences in the lipid status, paraoxonase and arylesterase PON1 activities and PON1 phenotype in women with regular menstrual cycle and in postmenopausal women. Materials and methods: The study included 51 women in reproductive age (25 in follicular and 26 in luteal phase of the menstrual cycle) and 23 women in postmenopause. Lipid parameters in sera were determined using original reagents and according to manufacturer protocol. PON1 activity in serum was assessed by spectrophotometric method with substrates: paraoxon and phenylacetate. PON1 phenotype was determined by double substrate method. Results: Compared to the women in follicular and luteal phase, postmenopausal women have significantly higher concentration of triglyceride [0.9 (0.7–1.3), 0.7 (0.6–1.0) vs. 1.5 (0.9–1.7) mmol/L; P = 0.002], cholesterol [5.10 (4.78–6.10), 5.05 (4.70–5.40) vs. 6.30 (5.73–7.23) mmol/L; P < 0.001], LDL [3.00 (2.56–3.63), 3.00 (2.70–3.70) vs. 3.90 (3.23–4.50) mmol/L; P < 0.001], and apolipoprotein B [0.88 (0.75–1.00), 0.79 (0.68–1.00) vs. 1.07 (0.90–1.24) mmol/L; P = 0.002]. PON1 basal [104 (66–260), 106 (63–250) vs. 93 (71–165) U/L; P = 0.847] and salt-stimulated paraoxonase activity [210 (131–462), 211 (120–442) vs. 180 (139–296) U/L; P = 0.857] as well as arylesterase activity [74 (63–82), 70 (54–91) vs. 70 (60–81) kU/L; P = 0.906] and PON1 phenotype (P = 0.810) were not different in the study groups. Conclusion: There are no differences in PON1 activity and PON1 phenotype between women with regular menstrual cycle and postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dražan Butorac
- Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School University Hospital Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia
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Rumora L, Rajković MG, Kopčinović LM, Pancirov D, Čepelak I, Grubišić TŽ. Paraoxonase 1 Activity in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. COPD 2014; 11:539-45. [DOI: 10.3109/15412555.2014.898028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Arylesterase phenotype-specific positive association between arylesterase activity and cholinesterase specific activity in human serum. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:1422-43. [PMID: 24473115 PMCID: PMC3945546 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110201422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Context: Cholinesterase (ChE) specific activity is the ratio of ChE activity to ChE mass and, as a biomarker of exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors, has a potential advantage over simple ChE activity. Objective: To examine the association of several potential correlates (serum arylesterase/paraoxonase activity, serum albumin, sex, age, month of blood collection, and smoking) with plasma ChE specific activity. Methods: We analyzed data from 195 cancer-free controls from a nested case-control study, accounting for potential confounding. Results: Arylesterase activity had an independent, statistically significant positive association with ChE specific activity, and its magnitude was the greatest for the arylesterase phenotype corresponding to the QQ PON1192 genotype followed by phenotypes corresponding to QR and RR genotypes. Serum albumin was positively associated with ChE specific activity. Conclusions: Plasma arylesterase activity was positively associated with plasma ChE specific activity. This observation is consistent with protection conferred by a metabolic phenotype resulting in reduced internal dose.
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High-density lipoprotein in uremic patients: metabolism, impairment, and therapy. Int Urol Nephrol 2013; 46:27-39. [PMID: 23443874 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-012-0366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that HDL has altered antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in chronic uremia, either by the reduction in its antioxidant enzymes or by the impairment of their activity. Systemic oxidative stress, which is highly prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, has been shown to decrease antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of HDL and even transform it into a pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory agent. For this reason, we believe that the propensity for accelerated cardiovascular disease in CKD is facilitated by a few key features of this disease, namely, oxidative stress, inflammation, hypertension, and disorders of lipid metabolism. In a nutshell, oxidative stress and inflammation enhance atherosclerosis leading to increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in this population. In this detailed review, we highlight the current knowledge on HDL dysfunction and impairment in chronic kidney disease as well as the available therapy.
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Relationship of PON1 activity and hsCRP concentration with disease status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without retinopathy. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-012-0103-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Serum paraoxonase phenotype distribution in exudative age-related macular degeneration and its relationship to homocysteine and oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Retina 2012; 32:658-66. [PMID: 22030834 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0b013e31822529b1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Disequilibrium between oxidative stress and antioxidant levels has been proposed as an important case of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The aim of the present study was to investigate homocysteine (Hcy) level and antioxidant paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity within its phenotypes together with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OX-LDL) levels in the patients with exudative AMD. METHODS Serum PON1 activity and plasma Hcy and OX-LDL levels were analyzed in 45 exudative AMD patients and compared with 45 healthy controls. Paraoxonase 1 activity was measured in serum using paraoxon and phenylacetate as substrates. The PON1 phenotype was determined using double-substrate method. Homocysteine and OX-LDL levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. RESULTS The distribution of PON1 phenotypes was significantly different between the patients with exudative AMD and control subjects (chi-square = 6.17, P = 0.01). AA phenotype with low activity was significantly more frequent in exudative AMD patients compared with healthy subjects (62.2% vs. 35.6%, respectively). Other phenotype frequencies in the patients compared with controls were as AB phenotype (intermediate activity) 28.9% versus 46.7% and BB phenotype (high activity) 8.9% versus 17.8%, respectively. Except in BB phenotype (P = 0.2), patients with AA and AB phenotypes had higher plasma Hcy levels in comparison to those of controls (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively). The mean OX-LDL levels, in all 3 phenotypes (P < 0.05), and OX-LDL/high-density lipoprotein ratio, in AA and AB phenotypes (P = 0.001, P = 0.1, respectively) but not in BB (P = 0.1), were significantly higher in the patients than controls. No significant differences in comparison of Hcy and OX-LDL levels between 3 PON1 phenotypes in both control (P = 0.6 for Hcy, P = 0.7 for OX-LDL) and patients (P = 0.8 for Hcy, P = 0.6 for OX-LDL) were found CONCLUSION Increased plasma OX-LDL levels and ratios of OX-LDL/high-density lipoprotein, as biomarkers of lipoprotein oxidative stress, higher levels of Hcy, as oxidant agent, and more common low or intermediate PON1 activity in patients with exudative AMD, compared with controls, indicate that PON1 activity is insufficient to explain the increased oxidative stress observed in exudative AMD.
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Bouman HJ, Schömig E, van Werkum JW, Velder J, Hackeng CM, Hirschhäuser C, Waldmann C, Schmalz HG, ten Berg JM, Taubert D. Reply to: "Paraoxonase-1 and clopidogrel efficacy". Nat Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1038/nm.2469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Nair SP, Shah NC, Taggarsi A, Nayak U. PONI and its association with oxidative stress in type I and type II diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2011; 5:126-129. [PMID: 22813564 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2012.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Paraoxonase (PON) is an antioxidant enzyme linked with cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes as it prevents LDL oxidation. The relation of PON with the other established risk factor of diabetic complications has not been looked into. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS 370 subjects were included in the study. Dividing into four group, i.e. group I included type II DM (n=220), group II was age matched control (n=100), group III were type I DM (n=25) and group IV (n=25) were age matched control group. The protocol of the study was approved by the ethical committee of the institute. SOD, GSH, PON (paraoxonase and arylesterase activity), GHb, and MDA were estimated. RESULTS A highly significant decrease in paraoxonase and arylesterase activity was seen in the type II DM (p<0.0001) while in type I DM both the activity was not significant (p>0.05). Paraoxonase and arylesterase activity of PONI showed a negative significant correlated with MDA (r=-0.51, p<0.0001 and r=-0.23, p<0.001) in type II DM but was not correlated in type I DM. The GHb and MDA levels were significantly increased (p<0.0001) while the levels of SOD and GSH have been decreased in type I and type II DM. CONCLUSION PONI is definitely associated with development of the complications of diabetes. This may be due to the role of it as an antioxidant. As it also show a negative correlation with MDA like the other antioxidants studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Pillai Nair
- Dept of Biochemistry, S.B.K.S. Medical College and Research Institute, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
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Gupta N, Singh S, Maturu VN, Sharma YP, Gill KD. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) polymorphisms, haplotypes and activity in predicting cad risk in North-West Indian Punjabis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17805. [PMID: 21629682 PMCID: PMC3101202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human serum paraoxonase-1 (PON1) prevents oxidation of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and hydrolyzes the oxidized form, therefore preventing the development of atherosclerosis. The polymorphisms of PON1 gene are known to affect the PON1 activity and thereby coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. As studies are lacking in North-West Indian Punjabi's, a distinct ethnic group with high incidence of CAD, we determined PON1 activity, genotypes and haplotypes in this population and correlated them with the risk of CAD. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS 350 angiographically proven (≥ 70% stenosis) CAD patients and 300 healthy controls were investigated. PON1 activity was determined towards paraoxon (Paraoxonase; PONase) and phenylacetate (Arylesterase; AREase) substrates. In addition, genotyping was carried out by using multiplex PCR, allele specific oligonucleotide -PCR and PCR-RFLP methods and haplotyping was determined by PHASE software. The serum PONase and AREase activities were significantly lower in CAD patients as compared to the controls. All studied polymorphisms except L55M had significant effect on PONase activity. However AREase activity was not affected by them. In a logistic regression model, after adjustment for the conventional risk factors for CAD, QR (OR: 2.73 (1.57-4.72)) and RR (OR, 16.24 (6.41-41.14)) genotypes of Q192R polymorphism and GG (OR: 2.07 (1.02-4.21)) genotype of -162A/G polymorphism had significantly higher CAD risk. Haplotypes L-T-G-Q-C (OR: 3.25 (1.72-6.16)) and L-T-G-R-G (OR: 2.82 (1.01-7.80)) were also significantly associated with CAD. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion this study shows that CAD patients had lower PONase and AREase activities as compared to the controls. The coding Q192R polymorphism, promoter -162A/G polymorphism and L-T-G-Q-C and L-T-G-R-G haplotypes are all independently associated with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Surjit Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - V. Nagarjuna Maturu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Yash Paul Sharma
- Department of Cardiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Kiran Dip Gill
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Effect of non-genetic factors on paraoxonase 1 activity in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Clin Biochem 2010; 43:1375-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2010.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is well established as a negative risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. Epidemiologic, pathologic, and experimental studies have demonstrated a role for HDL in protection from coronary artery disease. HDL has been demonstrated to reduce the risk from atherosclerosis by multiple pathophysiologic mechanisms. Low-density lipoprotein is a metabolic end product that can be recognized and cleared by specific hepatic receptors with excretion into the bile. However, low-density lipoprotein may also be scavenged in the periphery by the monocyte-macrophage system, with subsequent generation of lipid-laden foam cells. HDL may reduce the atherosclerotic burden by multiple potential mechanisms. HDL can interact with the foam cell to remove cholesterol via receptor-mediated binding, passive diffusion, and alteration of intracellular cholesterol trafficking by ATP binding cassettes. The process of reverse cholesterol transport is a major mechanism by which HDL can remove cholesterol from the periphery, allowing it to be cleared by the liver and then excreted into the bile. However, HDL exhibits multiple additional potential beneficial physiologic effects. Endothelial function and repair is potentiated by HDL. Normal HDL has significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Prostacyclin production and improvement in fibrinolytic balance is also attributed to normally functioning HDL. HDL is also intimately related to the metabolism of other circulating lipoproteins. However, multiple clinical studies have identified individuals with a significant atherosclerotic burden despite normal or elevated levels of HDL cholesterol. Clinical conditions associated with inflammation and oxidative stress have adversely altered the normal functions of HDL. Clinical assays have been developed to assess the functionality of HDL. Dysfunctional HDL may be returned to normal by diet, exercise, degree of fat intake, and pharmacologic approaches. Orally active mimetic proteins are in development and have shown clinical promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Ragbir
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Room 525D, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Liu DJ, Leal SM. A novel adaptive method for the analysis of next-generation sequencing data to detect complex trait associations with rare variants due to gene main effects and interactions. PLoS Genet 2010; 6:e1001156. [PMID: 20976247 PMCID: PMC2954824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is solid evidence that rare variants contribute to complex disease etiology. Next-generation sequencing technologies make it possible to uncover rare variants within candidate genes, exomes, and genomes. Working in a novel framework, the kernel-based adaptive cluster (KBAC) was developed to perform powerful gene/locus based rare variant association testing. The KBAC combines variant classification and association testing in a coherent framework. Covariates can also be incorporated in the analysis to control for potential confounders including age, sex, and population substructure. To evaluate the power of KBAC: 1) variant data was simulated using rigorous population genetic models for both Europeans and Africans, with parameters estimated from sequence data, and 2) phenotypes were generated using models motivated by complex diseases including breast cancer and Hirschsprung's disease. It is demonstrated that the KBAC has superior power compared to other rare variant analysis methods, such as the combined multivariate and collapsing and weight sum statistic. In the presence of variant misclassification and gene interaction, association testing using KBAC is particularly advantageous. The KBAC method was also applied to test for associations, using sequence data from the Dallas Heart Study, between energy metabolism traits and rare variants in ANGPTL 3,4,5 and 6 genes. A number of novel associations were identified, including the associations of high density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein with ANGPTL4. The KBAC method is implemented in a user-friendly R package. It has been demonstrated that both rare and common variants are involved in complex disease etiology. Until recently it was only possible to perform large scale analysis of common variants. With the development of next-generation sequencing technologies, detection and mapping of rare variants have been made possible. However, methods used to analyze common variants are not powerful for the analysis of rare variants. To address the problems of rare variant analysis working in a novel framework, the kernel-based adaptive cluster (KBAC) method was developed to perform gene/locus based analysis. The KBAC combines variant classification and association testing in a coherent framework. Through simulations motivated by population genetic and disease data, it is demonstrated that the KBAC has superior power to other rare variant analysis methods, especially in the presence of variant misclassification and gene interaction. Using data from the Dallas Heart Study, the KBAC method was applied to test for associations between energy metabolism traits and rare variants in ANGPTL 3,4,5 and 6 genes. A number of novel associations were identified. The KBAC method is implemented in a user-friendly R package.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajiang J. Liu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Suzanne M. Leal
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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PON1 55 and 192 Gene Polymorphisms in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in a Turkish Population. Biochem Genet 2010; 49:1-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10528-010-9376-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Gluba A, Pietrucha T, Banach M, Piotrowski G, Rysz J. The Role of Polymorphisms Within Paraoxonases (192 Gln/Arg in PON1 and 311Ser/Cys in PON2) in the Modulation of Cardiovascular Risk: A Pilot Study. Angiology 2009; 61:157-65. [DOI: 10.1177/0003319709351258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Paraoxonases (PONs) may exert anti-atherogenic action by reducing lipid peroxidation. We evaluated the influence of 2 polymorphisms within PON1 (192 Gln/ Arg) and PON2 (311 Ser/Cys) genes in 407 young Poles: 273 patients who experienced a first myocardial infarction (MI) under the age of 45 (study group) and 134 healthy volunteers (control group) with a HEART Score ≤2 (low risk). Paraoxonase 1 polymorphism 192Gln/Arg influenced the risk of premature MI (P = .0054). A positive family history of coronary artery disease (CAD) was associated with the 192Arg allele (P = .0107). The association between PON1 genotype (192 Gln/Arg) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P = .036) levels was also observed. However, we did not find any relationship between polymorphism 311Ser/Cys and CAD risk (P = .418). PON1 polymorphism 192Gln/Arg influenced the risk of premature MI. The association between PON1 genotype (192 Gln/Arg) and serum LDL-C levels may be explained by PON participation in reverse cholesterol transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gluba
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Poland,
| | - Grzegorz Piotrowski
- Department of Cardiology, M. Kopernik Provincial Specialist Hospital of Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
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Dullaart RPF, de Vries R, Sluiter WJ, Voorbij HAM. High plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) is related to low paraoxonase-I (PON-I) activity independently of high leptin and low adiponectin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2009; 70:221-6. [PMID: 18505467 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03306.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In type 2 diabetes mellitus, circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) is increased, whereas the high density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory enzyme, paraoxonase-I, is decreased. Both high CRP and low paraoxonase-I activity may predict cardiovascular disease. It is unknown whether lower paraoxonase-I activity contributes to higher CRP levels in diabetes. In type 2 diabetic and control subjects, we determined the relationship of CRP with paraoxonase-I when taking account of plasma levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokines. DESIGN AND PATIENTS In 81 type 2 diabetic patients and 89 control subjects, plasma high-sensitive CRP, serum paraoxonase-I activity (arylesterase activity, assayed as the rate of hydrolysis of phenyl acetate into phenol), plasma leptin, adiponectin, resistin and lipids were determined. RESULTS Body mass index (BMI), waist, insulin resistance, triglycerides, CRP, leptin and resistin levels were higher (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001), whereas HDL cholesterol, paraoxonase-I activity and adiponectin levels were lower (P = 0.02 to P < 0.001) in diabetic compared to control subjects. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that, after controlling for age and gender, CRP was inversely related to paraoxonase-I activity (beta = -0.15, P = 0.028) and adiponectin (beta = -0.18, P = 0.009), and positively to leptin (beta = 0.33, P < 0.001) and BMI (beta = 0.22, P = 0.007), independently of the diabetic state (or of fasting glucose or HbA1c), insulin resistance and lipids (P > 0.20 for all). CONCLUSIONS Low paraoxonase-I activity is related to higher CRP, independently of adipokines, as well as of obesity and lipids. Low paraoxonase-I activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus may contribute to increased cardiovascular risk via an effect on enhanced systemic low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin P F Dullaart
- Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Kasprzak M, Iskra M, Majewski W, Wielkoszyński T. Arylesterase and paraoxonase activity of paraoxonase (PON1) affected by ischemia in the plasma of patients with arterial occlusion of the lower limbs. Clin Biochem 2009; 42:50-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2008.09.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2008] [Revised: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Paraoxonase 1 gene promoter polymorphisms are associated with the extent of stenosis in coronary arteries. Thromb Res 2009; 123:503-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2008.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2008] [Revised: 02/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Garcés C, López-Simón L, Rubio R, Benavente M, Cano B, Ortega H, de Oya M. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) genetics and serum PON1 activity in prepubertal children in Spain. Clin Chem Lab Med 2008; 46:809-13. [PMID: 18601602 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2008.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress plays an important role in atherosclerosis. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated enzyme that inhibits low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and may play a protective role against coronary heart disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and PON1 in a Spanish prepubertal population with high plasma HDL-C levels. METHODS The study population included 1,266 children between the ages of 6 and 8 years. Serum PON1 activity was measured by the hydrolysis of paraoxon. PON1 192Q/R and PON1 55L/M polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR and restriction analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of the less common PON1 192R and PON 55M alleles in this population was 30% and 38%, respectively. No significant correlations between serum PON1 activity and lipid profile were observed. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the PON1 192Q/R polymorphism accounts for 69% of PON1 activity in the children in the study, with the PON1 55L/M polymorphism accounting for an additional 5% of this variation in boys, and for an additional 3% together with HDL-C concentration in girls. CONCLUSIONS PON1 192Q/R polymorphism is the main determinant of PON1 activity in the prepubertal population in this study, accounting for around 70% of serum PON1 activity. HDL-C concentration has a small contribution to serum PON1 activity in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Garcés
- Lipid Laboratory, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Análisis de la actividad paraoxonasa (PON1) y de los polimorfismos PON1 192 y PON1 55 en la población prepuberal del Estudio Cuatro Provincias. CLÍNICA E INVESTIGACIÓN EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0214-9168(07)74213-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Horoz M, Aslan M, Selek S, Koylu AO, Bolukbas C, Bolukbas FF, Celik H, Erel O. PON1 status in haemodialysis patients and the impact of hepatitis C infection. Clin Biochem 2007; 40:609-14. [PMID: 17335792 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2007.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2006] [Revised: 01/19/2007] [Accepted: 01/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity has been reported to decrease in both haemodialysis patients and patients with HCV infection. We aimed to investigate paraoxonase and arylesterase activities, and lipid hydroperoxide levels (LOOH) in haemodialysis patients with or without hepatitis C infection, and to find out whether PON1 activity is affected further by the presence of HCV infection in HD patients. DESIGN AND METHODS Twenty HCV (+) haemodialysis patients, 26 HCV (-) haemodialysis patients, and 26 controls were enrolled. Paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were measured spectrophotometrically. LOOH levels were measured by ferrous oxidation with xylenol orange assay. RESULTS Haemodialysis patients with or without HCV infection had lower paraoxonase and arylesterase activities than controls (all p<0.001), while higher LOOH levels (both p<0.001). Paraoxonase and arylesterase activities, and LOOH levels were comparable between haemodialysis patients with or without HCV infection (p>0.05). Significant inverse correlation was observed between paraoxonase or arylesterase activities, and LOOH levels (p<0.05, beta=-0.319 and p<0.05, beta=-0.348, respectively). CONCLUSION We concluded that PON1 activity significantly decreases in both haemodialysis patients with or without HCV infection. Nevertheless, PON1 activity is not affected further by the presence of HCV infection in haemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Horoz
- Harran University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Sanliurfa, Turkey.
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Elkiran ET, Mar N, Aygen B, Gursu F, Karaoglu A, Koca S. Serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities in patients with lung cancer in a Turkish population. BMC Cancer 2007; 7:48. [PMID: 17362500 PMCID: PMC1839096 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-7-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2006] [Accepted: 03/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Oxidative DNA damage may contribute to the cancer risk. The antioxidant paraoxonase (PON1) is an endogenous free radical scavenger in the human body. The aim of this study was to determine serum PON1 and arylesterase (ARE) activities in patients with newly diagnosed LC. METHODS This case control study involved a total of 39 patients with newly diagnosed LC (untreated) and same number of age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. Serum PON1 and ARE activities in addition to lipid parameters were measured in both groups. RESULTS Serum PON1 and ARE activities were found to be lower in patients with LC compared to the controls (p = 0.001 and p = 0.018, respectively). The ratio of PON1/high density lipoprotein (HDL) was significantly lower in the LC group compared to the control one (p = 0.009). There were positive correlations between the serum levels of HDL and PON1 in both the control (r = 0.415, p = 0.009) and the LC groups (r = 0.496, p = 0.001), respectively. PON1 enzyme activity was calculated as three different phenotypes in both groups. In regard to lipid parameters, total cholesterol levels were significantly lower (p = 0.014) in the LC group whereas the other lipid parameters such as HDL, LDL, and triglyceride levels were not significantly different among groups. CONCLUSION Serum PON1 activity is significantly low in the LC group compared with the healthy controls. Metastasis status and cigarette smoking do not affect serum PON1 activity in the LC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emin T Elkiran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Firat (Euphrates) University School of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Nefsal Mar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Firat (Euphrates) University School of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Bilge Aygen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Firat (Euphrates) University School of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ferit Gursu
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Firat (Euphrates) University School of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Aziz Karaoglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Firat (Euphrates) University School of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Koca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Firat (Euphrates) University School of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
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Garrido-Polonio C, García-Linares MC, García-Arias MT, López-Varela S, García-Fernández MC, Terpstra AHM, Sánchez-Muniz FJ. Thermally oxidised sunflower-seed oil increases liver and serum peroxidation and modifies lipoprotein composition in rats. Br J Nutr 2007; 92:257-65. [PMID: 15333157 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20041174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Peroxidation of LDL and other lipoproteins is thought to play a central role in atherogenesis. Dietary thermally oxidised oils may increase atherogenic risk in consumers by increasing their oxidative status. The present paper compares the effects of two diets containing unused sunflower-seed oil (US) or sunflower-seed oil repeatedly used in frying (FS) (both 15 g/100 g diet) on weight gain, food efficiency ratio, serum lipid levels and lipoprotein composition, and the content of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in the liver, serum, and lipoproteins in growing Wistar rats. After sixty potato fryings the FS contained 27·7 g polar material/100 g oil and 16·6 g oligomers/100 g oil. The FS-fed rats had a significantly lower weight gain and food efficiency ratio. Liver-TBARS increased due to the consumption of the highly altered oil and showed a significant linear relationship (allr<0·68;P>0·002) with the ingestion of thermally oxidised compounds. Serum-, VLDL-, LDL- and HDL-TBARS were significantly higher in the FS-fed rats (allP>0·001). Concentrations of serum total and non-esterified cholesterol and phospholipids were significantly higher in the FS-fed rats (P>0·05,P>0·05, andP>0·001, respectively). Serum triacylglycerol concentrations did not vary between the two dietary groups. Total and esterified cholesterol and phospholipid levels increased significantly in the HDL fraction (P>0·05,P>0·05, andP>0·001, respectively) of the FS-fed rats. HDL-cholesterol and HDL-phospholipids were significantly correlated with liver-TBARS (r<0·747;P>0·0001), VLDL-TBARS (r<0·642;P>0·003), LDL-TBARS (r<0·475;P>0·04), and HDL-TBARS (r<0·787;P>0·0001). The data suggest that the rat increases HDL as a protecting mechanism against the peroxidative stress induced by the consumption of a diet containing the thermally oxidised oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Garrido-Polonio
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología I (Nutrición), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040, Spain
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Paragh G, Seres I, Harangi M, Erdei A, Audikovszky M, Debreczeni L, Kovácsay A, Illyés L, Pados G. Ciprofibrate increases paraoxonase activity in patients with metabolic syndrome. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2007; 61:694-701. [PMID: 16722831 PMCID: PMC1885110 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2006.02565.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic dyslipidaemia with decreased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration plays a key role in enhanced atherosclerosis. The antioxidant effect of HDL is due to the influence of human paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and several authors have described decreased activity of this enzyme in Type 2 diabetics and subjects with metabolic syndrome. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of daily ciprofibrate on serum PON1 and lipoprotein concentrations in patients with metabolic syndrome. METHODS Fifty-one patients with metabolic syndrome were enrolled into the study. We examined the effect of 100 mg day(-1) ciprofibrate treatment on lipid concentrations, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), PON1 concentrations and activity. We also investigated the calculated size of LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C). RESULTS During the 3-month study, it was observed that following treatment with ciprofibrate, the serum triglyceride concentration decreased significantly (from 2.76 +/- 0.9 mmol l(-1) to 2.27 +/- 1.6 mmol l(-1); -18%; P < 0.001), while HDL-C increased significantly (from 0.95 +/- 0.2 mmol l(-1) to 1.2 +/- 0.3 mmol l(-1); 26%; P < 0.001). The oxidatively modified LDL-C concentration decreased significantly (from 137 +/- 19 U l(-1) to 117 +/- 20 U l(-1); P < 0.001), while HDL-associated apolipoprotein A1 significantly increased (from 1.35 +/- 0.2 g l(-1) to 1.75 +/- 0.3 g l(-1); P < 0.001). The LDL-C/LDL-apoB ratio, which reflects the size of LDL, increased significantly (from 0.96 +/- 0.05 to 1.05 +/- 0.06; P < 0.05). Serum PON1 activity was significantly elevated (from 108 +/- 34 U l(-1) to 129 +/- 31 U l(-1); P < 0.05), while standardized values for HDL-C remained significantly unchanged (PON1/HDL-C) (from 114 +/- 21 to 107 +/- 20; NS). CONCLUSION Three months of treatment with ciprofibrate favourably affected the lipid profile, increased LDL resistance to oxidation and improved antioxidant status by increasing serum paraoxonase activity in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Paragh
- 1st Department of Metabolic Diseases, St Imre Hospital, Budapest, Hungary.
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Brites FD, Fernández KM, Verona J, Malusardi MC, Ischoff P, Beresan H, Elbert A, Wikinski RL. Chronic renal failure in diabetic patients increases lipid risk factors for atherosclerosis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2007; 75:35-41. [PMID: 16806561 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2006.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2005] [Accepted: 05/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic patients are at high risk of cardiovascular disease and the risk is amplified in the presence of nephropathy, which may be partially attributed to modifications in lipoproteins. Moreover, lipoprotein profile may be affected by incipient nephropathy, glomerulopathy, and mild or severe renal failure. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether chronic renal failure (CRF) changes lipoprotein profile and apo A-I urinary excretion in diabetic subjects with glomerulopathy in comparison with non-diabetic subjects with glomerulopathy and CRF. Diabetic (n=25) and non-diabetic (n=10) patients with glomerulopathy and CRF showed significantly higher LDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol and HDL-triglyceride levels than diabetic individuals without CRF (n=10). Arylesterase and paraoxonase activities did not show any difference between groups. Apo A-I could not be detected in urine samples from diabetic patients without CRF. All diabetic subjects with glomerulopathy and CRF who presented proteinuria above 6.5 g/24 h showed detectable urinary apo A-I (range=13.1-61.0 mg/24 h). Similarly, all non-diabetic patients with glomerulopathy and CRF who had proteinuria above 8.0 g/24 h also evidenced detectable apo A-I in urine (range=25.6-557.3 mg/24 h). Urinary apo A-I showed positive and significant correlations with urea (r=0.73, p<0.05) and proteinuria (r=0.97, p<0.0001), and a negative correlation with albumin plasma levels (r=-0.68, p<0.05). In conclusion, the presence of CRF in diabetic patients was associated with a more atherogenic lipoprotein profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando D Brites
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoproteins, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Junín 956 (1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and its relationship to lipid variables, age and gender in healthy volunteers. Biologia (Bratisl) 2006. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-006-0143-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Marchegiani F, Marra M, Spazzafumo L, James RW, Boemi M, Olivieri F, Cardelli M, Cavallone L, Bonfigli AR, Franceschi C. Paraoxonase Activity and Genotype Predispose to Successful Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2006; 61:541-6. [PMID: 16799134 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/61.6.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The paraoxonase 1 codon 192 R allele has been previously reported to have a role in successful aging. The relationship between PON1 genotypes, enzymatic activity, and mass concentration was evaluated in a group of 229 participants from 22 to 104 years of age, focusing our attention on nonagenarian/centenarian participants. We found a genetic control for paraoxonase activity that is maintained throughout life, also in the nonagenarians/centenarians. This activity decreases significantly during aging and shows different mean values among R and M carriers, where R+ and M- carriers have the significant highest paraoxonase activity. Results from the multinomial regression logistic model show that paraoxonase activity as well as R+ and M- carriers contribute significantly to the explanation of the longevity phenotype. In conclusion, we show that genetic variability at the PON1 locus is related to paraoxonase activity throughout life, and suggest that both parameters affect survival at extreme advanced age.
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Pasdar A, Ross-Adams H, Cumming A, Cheung J, Whalley L, St Clair D, MacLeod MJ. Paraoxonase gene polymorphisms and haplotype analysis in a stroke population. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2006; 7:28. [PMID: 16551349 PMCID: PMC1435875 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-7-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2005] [Accepted: 03/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraoxonase (PON) has anti-atherogenic activity due to its protective function against low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. Alteration of enzyme activity due to polymorphisms in the PON genes may influence the development of atheroma and thus affect stroke risk. Three PON genes (PON1, PON2 and PON3) have been identifiedand mapped to chromosome 7. METHODS We looked at the distribution of paraoxonase polymorphisms and haplotype arrangement in 397 Caucasian ischaemic stroke patients and 405 controls. We investigated 6 different common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in PON genes; two substitutions in PON1 ["A/G": Gln (Q)/Arg (R)] at codon 192 and ["T/A": Leu (L)/Met (M)] at codon 55, two in PON2 at codon 311 ["G/A": Cys (C)/Ser (S)] and codon 148 ["C/G": Ala (A)/Gly (G)] and two SNPs, both "A" to "G" substitutions, in PON3--intronic rs2074353, which we designated PON3-1 and [Ala (A)/Ala (A)] at codon 99, designated as PON3-3. Dynamic Allele Specific Hybridisation (DASH) was used as the genotyping assay. Haplotype analysis was performed using both PHASE and EHPLUS programs. RESULTS Genotype and allele frequencies were similar in cases and controls. Lipid profiles were not influenced by PON genotype. Haplotype frequencies for the six loci (PON2-148, PON2-311, PON3-3, PON3-1, PON1-55 and PON1-192) were estimated. Comparison of the two programs showed a significant difference in haplotype arrangements with EHPLUS (p-value = 0.005) but not with PHASE Ver.2 (p-value = 0.12). The 112211 (1 = frequent allele, 2 = rare allele) haplotype arrangement was commoner in cases than controls (p = 0.015), and the 111121 haplotype was commoner in controls (p = 0.006). CONCLUSION Our study did not identify a role for individual paraoxonase gene polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of ischaemic stroke. Findings of haplotype differences should be confirmed in large scale studies. The importance of using a well-validated haplotype analysis program is also underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alastair Cumming
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - John Cheung
- Department of Mental Health, University of Aberdeen, UK
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Brites F, Zago V, Verona J, Muzzio ML, Wikinski R, Schreier L. HDL capacity to inhibit LDL oxidation in well-trained triathletes. Life Sci 2006; 78:3074-81. [PMID: 16488445 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2005] [Revised: 11/16/2005] [Accepted: 12/09/2005] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity is known to play a cardioprotective role. Nevertheless, a paradox seems to arise when considering that aerobic exercise enhances oxidative stress. In previous works, we showed that free radical formation during physical activity was counteracted by an increase in antioxidant defenses. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation is a crucial step in atherosclerosis, process that can be inhibited by high density lipoprotein (HDL) through its oxidable components or associated enzymes like paraoxonase (PON) and platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH). In this study, we evaluated copper-induced oxidation in isolated LDL and HDL fractions, and the effect of HDL on LDL oxidation in samples from well trained amateur athletes who were participating in an ultra-distance triathlon (n=18) in comparison with healthy sedentary controls (n=18). PON and PAF-AH activities and PON phenotype were also evaluated. The oxidability of isolated lipoproteins, as well as HDL antioxidant capacity, was similar in both groups of subjects. After classification by paraoxonase phenotype, only sportsmen belonging to the QR phenotype showed higher HDL susceptibility to in vitro oxidation (thiobarbituric reactive substances, TBARS) than controls (p<0.05). HDL oxidability exhibited a positive correlation with its triglyceride content (r=0.58; p<0.01). Similarly, HDL capacity to inhibit LDL oxidation was increased in athletes (p<0.05) which was positively associated with HDL oxidability (HDL-TBARS: r=0.55, p<0.005; HDL-lag time: r=0.45, p<0.01; HDL-D max: r=0.35, p<0.05). In conclusion, regular aerobic exercise was associated to a more efficient antioxidant function played by HDL from PON-QR carriers, which could constitute an adaptive response to the increased oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Brites
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoproteins, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Junín 956 (1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Kalmár T, Seres I, Balogh Z, Káplár M, Winkler G, Paragh G. Correlation between the activities of lipoprotein lipase and paraoxonase in type 2 diabetes mellitus. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2006; 31:574-80. [PMID: 16357806 DOI: 10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70233-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In type 2 diabetes mellitus the decreased catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins as a consequence of mainly the decreased lipoprotein lipase activity results in hypertriglyceridaemia and other lipoprotein alterations promoting atherosclerosis. The high-density lipoprotein-associated enzyme, paraoxonase, prevents the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein, which is an antiatherogenic effect. AIM to examine the relation between the activities of enzymes influencing HDL remodelling- LPL and PON- in type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS 56 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients and 39 healthy controls were involved in the study. The serum PON activity was measured spectrophotometrically using paraoxone as substrate. PON phenotype was determined by the dual substrate method, PON mass was measured by ELISA. The determination of lipoprotein lipase activity was performed using 3H-triolein. RESULTS We noticed smaller PON activity decrease in our newly diagnosed diabetic subjects compared to the previous studies which investigated the alteration of enzyme activity after a longer duration of diabetes mellitus. The lipoprotein lipase activity showed a positive correlation with PON activity (r=0.43; P<0.02). Interestingly, the PON activity of the homozygous-low activity group did not correlate with the LPL activity, while in the heterozygous and homozygous-high activity groups there was a significantly positive correlation (r=0.51; P<0.05) between PON and LPL activity. CONCLUSION Besides lipid alterations, the metabolic changes of type 2 diabetes mellitus influence the reduction of the antioxidant capacity of HDL by remodelling HDL and decreasing PON activity via modification of lipoprotein lipase activity, which might contribute to accelerated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kalmár
- 1st Department of Medicine, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4012 Debrecen, Hungary.
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Rozek LS, Hatsukami TS, Richter RJ, Ranchalis J, Nakayama K, McKinstry LA, Gortner DA, Boyko E, Schellenberg GD, Furlong CE, Jarvik GP. The correlation of paraoxonase (PON1) activity with lipid and lipoprotein levels differs with vascular disease status. J Lipid Res 2005; 46:1888-95. [PMID: 15995178 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m400489-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonase (PON1) is an HDL-associated enzyme. Low PON1 activity predicts vascular disease status and is a more reliable predictor of vascular disease than are functional PON1 genotypes. There is evidence that the relationship of PON1 to vascular disease is, in part, due to its antioxidant activity. However, the physical relationship of PON1 with HDL and the existence of cholesterol pathway regulatory elements at the PON1 locus suggest a further relationship of PON1 with lipoproteins, which may contribute to its role in vascular disease. We investigated the relationship of PON1 activity and genotype to lipid-related traits in 91 Caucasian men with severe carotid artery disease and 184 without vascular disease who were not on lipid-lowering medications. Prior studies of PON1 relationship to lipids have not stratified by disease status.. We found that PON1 activity was correlated with HDL traits in controls and with LDL- and VLDL-related traits in cases. We hypothesize differences in the joint regulation of PON1 and lipoproteins in cases and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S Rozek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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43
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Srinivasan SR, Li S, Chen W, Tang R, Bond MG, Boerwinkle E, Berenson GS. Q192R polymorphism of the paraoxanase 1 gene and its association with serum lipoprotein variables and carotid artery intima-media thickness in young adults from a biracial community. The Bogalusa Heart Study. Atherosclerosis 2005; 177:167-74. [PMID: 15488880 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2003] [Revised: 03/30/2004] [Accepted: 06/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Paraoxanase (PON 1), a high-density lipoprotein-associated enzyme, exerts an antiatherogenic effect by protecting low-density lipoproteins (LDL) against oxidation. A common polymorphism at codon 192(Q/R) of the PON 1 gene has been shown to be associated with an adverse lipoprotein profile and increased coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. However, these observations are based mostly on case-control studies involving relatively older adults. This study examined the frequency and phenotypic (lipoprotein variables) effect of the Q192R variant in a community-based sample of 1786 black and white young adults (mean age: 32.5 years; 69% white, 44% males). In addition, the genotypic effect of this polymorphism on ultrasonographically measured carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), a surrogate measure of CAD risk, was examined in a subsample of 436 young adults (mean age: 32.6 years; 70% white, 42% male). The frequency of the variant allele (R192) was higher in blacks than in whites (0.668 versus 0.297, P <0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and smoking status, the R versus Q allele was associated with increased HDL cholesterol in whites (P=0.041), whereas the opposite was true in blacks (P=0.008). Neither the Q nor the R allele was associated with LDL cholesterol and triglycerides in both races. The genotypic effect on the carotid IMT adjusted for the covariates including lipoprotein variables was not apparent in whites or blacks. However, among whites, the carotid IMT was lower in carriers (QR + R) versus non-carriers (QQ) of the variant allele among females (P=0.008) and non-smokers (P=0.026). In addition, the variant allele negated the adverse positive relationship between the carotid IMT and triglycerides among whites (P=0.212 for carriers versus P <0.001 for non-carriers). These results indicate a differential effect of the Q192R variant on HDL cholesterol in whites versus blacks and a beneficial interaction effect of the variant allele with individual's sex, smoking status or triglyceride levels on the carotid IMT among whites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathanur R Srinivasan
- Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health and Department of Epidemiology, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, 18th floor (SL-12), New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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44
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Murata M, Maruyama T, Suzuki Y, Saruta T, Ikeda Y. Paraoxonase 1 Gln/Arg polymorphism is associated with the risk of microangiopathy in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 2004; 21:837-44. [PMID: 15270786 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01252.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate possible associations between diabetic microangiopathy and genetic polymorphisms in factors relevant to arterial thrombosis. METHODS We conducted a case-control study on a total of 280 patients with Type 2 diabetes, comparing those without retinopathy or nephropathy (n = 92) and those with microangiopathies (n = 188), for the association of polymorphisms in four candidate genes, paraoxonase 1 (PON1), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, fibrinogen, and platelet glycoprotein Ibalpha. RESULTS There were no differences between the two study groups in gender distribution, age at diagnosis of diabetes (47.9 +/- 8.4 and 49.0 +/- 11.4 years, respectively), or duration of diabetes (14.9 +/- 4.5 and 14.5 +/- 8.4 years, respectively). Among the gene polymorphisms tested, the 192Gln/Arg polymorphism of PON1 was associated with the prevalence of retinopathy [odds ratio (OR) = 3.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.42-6.89, P = 0.0046, Gln/Gln vs. Gln/Arg and Arg/Arg]. This polymorphism was also associated with nephropathy (OR = 3.01, 95% CI = 1.30-6.98, P = 0.0103). There were no differences between the three PON1 genotypes (Gln/Gln, Gln/Arg, and Arg/Arg) with regard to the present disease status. Logistic regression analysis for the adjustment of other risk factors revealed that genotypes with PON1 192Arg were an independent predictor of retinopathy. No associations were found between microangiopathies and the other polymorphisms evaluated (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, fibrinogen, and platelet glycoprotein Ibalpha). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the presence of the 192Arg-allele in the PON1 gene is a genetic risk factor for microangiopathy in Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Murata
- Department of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
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45
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Campo S, Sardo MA, Trimarchi G, Bonaiuto M, Fontana L, Castaldo M, Bonaiuto A, Saitta C, Bitto A, Manduca B, Riggio S, Saitta A. Association between serum paraoxonase (PON1) gene promoter T(-107)C polymorphism, PON1 activity and HDL levels in healthy Sicilian octogenarians. Exp Gerontol 2004; 39:1089-94. [PMID: 15236768 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2004.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2003] [Revised: 03/03/2004] [Accepted: 03/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Age is associated with an enhanced low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and atherosclerosis, thus, subjects over 80 years without cardiovascular disease provide a model to investigate the protective factors against atherosclerosis. Serum paraoxonase (PON1), an high density lipoprotein (HDL)-bound enzyme, prevents LDL oxidation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the contribution of the PON1 promoter T(-107)C and coding region Gln192Arg (Q192R) and Leu55Met (L55M) polymorphisms to the resistance to develop cardiovascular events in Sicilian healthy octogenarians. Distribution of PON1 genotypes and activity, and biochemical parameters, were compared between 100 octogenarians and 200 adults. Individuals in the elderly group displayed significant higher levels of HDL-C (P < 0.001) and PON1 activity (P < 0.001). The analysis of PON1 genotypes distribution showed an higher percentage of (-107)CC among octogenarians compared with controls. A significant difference among T(-107)C genotypes respect to PON1 activity and HDL-C levels occurred in both groups. The CC genotype was associated with higher PON1 activity and HDL levels compared to the TT genotypes. In conclusion, our results provide a strong evidence that in healthy Sicilians ageing may be characterized by a low frequency of PON1 (-107)T 'risk' allele and by an high frequency of favourable genotypes such as (-107)CC, influencing PON1 activity and HDL-C levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Campo
- Department of Internal Medicine, 82 Via Camiciotti, 98123, University of Messina, Italy
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46
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Brites FD, Verona J, Schreier LE, Fruchart JC, Castro GR, Wikinski RL. Paraoxonase 1 and platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase activities in patients with low hdl-cholesterol levels with or without primary hypertriglyceridemia. Arch Med Res 2004; 35:235-40. [PMID: 15163466 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2004.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2003] [Accepted: 02/18/2004] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that high density lipoprotein (HDL)-deficient states are associated with reduced paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity. However, HDL reduction caused by primary hypertriglyceridemia has not been fully explored. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether PON1 and platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH), two antioxidant enzymes, were altered in patients with low HDL-cholesterol levels with or without primary hypertriglyceridemia in comparison with control normolipemic subjects. METHODS We studied 24 patients with low HDL-cholesterol levels with (n=12) or without (n=12) primary hypertriglyceridemia in comparison with 12 control subjects who presented normal HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Paraoxon and phenylacetate were used as substrate for measuring PON1 activities and 1-hexadecyl-2-[3H]acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine for platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) activity. Double substrate method was used to assign phenotypes. Lipid, lipoprotein, apolipoprotein, and lipoprotein particles were determined by standardized methods. RESULTS Both PON1 activities were significantly reduced in patients with low HDL-cholesterol levels. This reduction could be selectively attributed to the hypertriglyceridemic subgroup. PAF-AH activity was not different between hypoalphalipoproteinemic patients and controls. PON1 activities correlated positively and significantly with HDL-cholesterol, HDL2-cholesterol, HDL3-cholesterol, HDL-phospholipids, apo A-I, apo A-II, and LpA-I:A-II. PAF-AH correlated positively and significantly with total and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS Data from this study would suggest that in hypoalphalipoproteinemic syndrome, particularly when associated with hypertriglyceridemia, there is impairment in enzymatic antioxidant activity exclusively related with HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Daniel Brites
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Lipoproteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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47
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St-Pierre DH, George V, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Poehlman ET. Genetic variation and statistical considerations in relation to overfeeding and underfeeding in humans. Nutrition 2004; 20:145-54. [PMID: 14698030 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2003.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David H St-Pierre
- Unité Métabolique, Département de Nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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48
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Ferré N, Camps J, Fernández-Ballart J, Arija V, Murphy MM, Ceruelo S, Biarnés E, Vilella E, Tous M, Joven J. Regulation of serum paraoxonase activity by genetic, nutritional, and lifestyle factors in the general population. Clin Chem 2003; 49:1491-7. [PMID: 12928230 DOI: 10.1373/49.9.1491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraoxonase may protect lipoproteins and cell membranes from peroxidation, and alterations in the activity of this enzyme have been associated with some chronic diseases. Serum paraoxonase appears to be mainly under genetic control, but some studies suggest that environmental factors may also modulate its activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether diet and lifestyle affect serum paraoxonase activity. METHODS We studied a population-based sample of 388 individuals (194 women and 194 men; age range, 18-75 years) and assessed their daily dietary intake using a 3-day estimated food record. The variables studied included serum paraoxonase activity, paraoxonase polymorphisms at positions 55 and 192, age, gender, smoking status, physical exercise, body mass index, energy consumption, nutrient intake (total lipids, saturated fatty acids, beta-carotenes, vitamins C and E), and serum lipid concentrations. RESULTS Multiple linear regression analysis showed that only genetic polymorphisms, serum cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol concentrations, and cigarette smoking were significant predictors of serum paraoxonase activity. HDL-cholesterol concentrations were also related to body mass index, daily energy consumption, and saturated fatty acid intake. CONCLUSIONS The between-individual variability of serum paraoxonase activity is regulated mainly by genetic determinants. Although HDL-cholesterol and tobacco smoking may contribute to the modulation of this enzyme, the other nutritional and lifestyle factors do not seem to play a significant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natàlia Ferré
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, 43201-Reus, Catalonia, Spain
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49
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Cheung MC, Sibley SD, Palmer JP, Oram JF, Brunzell JD. Lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase: their relationship with HDL subspecies Lp(A-I) and Lp(A-I,A-II). J Lipid Res 2003; 44:1552-8. [PMID: 12777470 PMCID: PMC2768368 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m300091-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HDL subspecies Lp(A-I) and Lp(A-I,A-II) have different anti-atherogenic potentials. To determine the role of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) in regulating these particles, we measured these enzyme activities in 28 healthy subjects with well-controlled Type 1 diabetes, and studied their relationship with Lp(A-I) and Lp(A-I,A-II). LPL was positively correlated with the apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), cholesterol, and phospholipid mass in total Lp(A-I), and with the apoA-I in large Lp(A-I) (r >or= 0.58, P >or= 0.001). HL was negatively correlated with all the above Lp(A-I) parameters plus Lp(A-I) triglyceride (r >or= -0.53, P <or= 0.003). No correlation was detected between LPL and Lp(A-I,A-II). However, HL was inversely correlated with total Lp(A-I,A-II) phospholipid, and with large Lp(A-I,A-II) (r >or= 0.50, P <or= 0.006). Similar studies were performed with phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP). Only total Lp(A-I) triglyceride in women (not men) (r = 0.71, P = 0.009) was significantly correlated with PLTP activity. These observations indicate that LPL and HL play major roles in determining the level and composition of plasma Lp(A-I), particularly large Lp(A-I), but not with Lp(A-I,A-II) level. Furthermore, select correlations of LPL and/or HL with the apoA-I, cholesterol, and triglyceride of Lp(A-I) but not Lp(A-I,A-II) imply that the apoA-I and lipid of Lp(A-I) and Lp(A-I,A-II) are not fully equilibrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian C Cheung
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98103, USA.
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50
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Obata T, Ito T, Yonemura A, Ayaori M, Nakamura H, Ohsuzu F. R192Q paraoxonase gene variant is associated with a change in HDL-cholesterol level during dietary caloric restriction in nondiabetic healthy males. J Atheroscler Thromb 2003; 10:57-62. [PMID: 12621166 DOI: 10.5551/jat.10.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonase (PON), an HDL- associated enzyme, may protect against the development of atherosclerosis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of PON have been reported to be associated with an incidence of coronary heart diseases. We investigated the effect of PON R192Q variants on serum lipid profile after caloric restriction in nondiabetic healthy males. After caloric restriction for 12 weeks, the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased in the subjects carrying RR genotype, but not in the QR and QQ genotypes. The changes in HDL-C from the baseline values in the RR genotype were significantly different from those in the QR and QQ genotypes. Although the changes in lipoprotein lipase activity were not different among three genotypes, we observed a significant difference in the changes in hepatic lipase (HL) activity after caloric restriction, namely, a decrease in the RR genotype and an increase in the subjects carrying the Q allele. In addition, the changes in fasting insulin levels significantly correlated with those in HDL-C levels in the RR genotype, not in the QR and QQ genotypes. PON R192Q polymorphism could affect HDL-C levels after caloric restriction presumably due to decreased HL activity and altered insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Obata
- First Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan.
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