1
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Kang S, Jang BR, Lee KH. Characterization of the transcriptionally active form of dephosphorylated DctD complexed with dephospho-IIA Glc. mBio 2024; 15:e0033024. [PMID: 38564689 PMCID: PMC11077940 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00330-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial enhancer-binding proteins (bEBPs) acquire a transcriptionally active state via phosphorylation. However, transcriptional activation by the dephosphorylated form of bEBP has been observed in DctD, which belongs to Group I bEBP. The formation of a complex between dephosphorylated DctD (d-DctD) and dephosphorylated IIAGlc (d-IIAGlc) is a prerequisite for the transcriptional activity of d-DctD. In the present study, characteristics of the transcriptionally active complex composed of d-IIAGlc and phosphorylation-deficient DctD (DctDD57Q) of Vibrio vulnificus were investigated in its multimeric conformation and DNA-binding ability. DctDD57Q formed a homodimer that could not bind to the DNA. In contrast, when DctDD57Q formed a complex with d-IIAGlc in a 1:1 molar ratio, it produced two conformations: dimer and dodecamer of the complex. Only the dodecameric complex exhibited ATP-hydrolyzing activity and DNA-binding affinity. For successful DNA-binding and transcriptional activation by the dodecameric d-IIAGlc/DctDD57Q complex, extended upstream activator sequences were required, which encompass the nucleotide sequences homologous to the known DctD-binding site and additional nucleotides downstream. This is the first report to demonstrate the molecular characteristics of a dephosphorylated bEBP complexed with another protein to form a transcriptionally active dodecameric complex, which has an affinity for a specific DNA-binding sequence.IMPORTANCEResponse regulators belonging to the bacterial two-component regulatory system activate the transcription initiation of their regulons when they are phosphorylated by cognate sensor kinases and oligomerized to the appropriate multimeric states. Recently, it has been shown that a dephosphorylated response regulator, DctD, could activate transcription in a phosphorylation-independent manner in Vibrio vulnificus. The dephosphorylated DctD activated transcription as efficiently as phosphorylated DctD when it formed a complex with dephosphorylated form of IIAGlc, a component of the glucose-phosphotransferase system. Functional mimicry of this complex with the typical form of transcriptionally active phosphorylated DctD led us to study the molecular characteristics of this heterodimeric complex. Through systematic analyses, it was surprisingly determined that a multimer constituted with 12 complexes gained the ability to hydrolyze ATP and recognize specific upstream activator sequences containing a typical inverted-repeat sequence flanked by distinct nucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebin Kang
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Jang
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Ho Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
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2
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Bollen Pinto B, Ackland GL. Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying increased circulating cardiac troponin in noncardiac surgery: a narrative review. Br J Anaesth 2024; 132:653-666. [PMID: 38262855 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Assay-specific increases in circulating cardiac troponin are observed in 20-40% of patients after noncardiac surgery, depending on patient age, type of surgery, and comorbidities. Increased cardiac troponin is consistently associated with excess morbidity and mortality after noncardiac surgery. Despite these findings, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The majority of interventional trials have been designed on the premise that ischaemic cardiac disease drives elevated perioperative cardiac troponin concentrations. We consider data showing that elevated circulating cardiac troponin after surgery could be a nonspecific marker of cardiomyocyte stress. Elevated concentrations of circulating cardiac troponin could reflect coordinated pathological processes underpinning organ injury that are not necessarily caused by ischaemia. Laboratory studies suggest that matching of coronary artery autoregulation and myocardial perfusion-contraction coupling limit the impact of systemic haemodynamic changes in the myocardium, and that type 2 ischaemia might not be the likeliest explanation for cardiac troponin elevation in noncardiac surgery. The perioperative period triggers multiple pathological mechanisms that might cause cardiac troponin to cross the sarcolemma. A two-hit model involving two or more triggers including systemic inflammation, haemodynamic strain, adrenergic stress, and autonomic dysfunction might exacerbate or initiate acute myocardial injury directly in the absence of cell death. Consideration of these diverse mechanisms is pivotal for the design and interpretation of interventional perioperative trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Bollen Pinto
- Division of Anaesthesiology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Gareth L Ackland
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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3
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Binek A, Castans C, Jorge I, Bagwan N, Rodríguez JM, Fernández-Jiménez R, Galán-Arriola C, Oliver E, Gómez M, Clemente-Moragón A, Ibanez B, Camafeita E, Vázquez J. Oxidative Post-translational Protein Modifications upon Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:106. [PMID: 38247530 PMCID: PMC10812827 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
While reperfusion, or restoration of coronary blood flow in acute myocardial infarction, is a requisite for myocardial salvage, it can paradoxically induce a specific damage known as ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Our understanding of the precise pathophysiological molecular alterations leading to I/R remains limited. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive and unbiased time-course analysis of post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the post-reperfused myocardium of two different animal models (pig and mouse) and evaluated the effect of two different cardioprotective therapies (ischemic preconditioning and neutrophil depletion). In pigs, a first wave of irreversible oxidative damage was observed at the earliest reperfusion time (20 min), impacting proteins essential for cardiac contraction. A second wave, characterized by irreversible oxidation on different residues and reversible Cys oxidation, occurred at late stages (6-12 h), affecting mitochondrial, sarcomere, and inflammation-related proteins. Ischemic preconditioning mitigated the I/R damage caused by the late oxidative wave. In the mouse model, the two-phase pattern of oxidative damage was replicated, and neutrophil depletion mitigated the late wave of I/R-related damage by preventing both Cys reversible oxidation and irreversible oxidation. Altogether, these data identify protein PTMs occurring late after reperfusion as an actionable therapeutic target to reduce the impact of I/R injury.
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Grants
- PGC2018-097019-B-I00, PID2021-122348NB-I00, PID2022-140176OB-I00 Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities
- Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria grant PRB3 PT17/0019/0003- ISCIII-SGEFI / ERDF, ProteoRed Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- IMMUNO-VAR, P2022/BMD-7333, and RENIM-CM, P2022/BMD-7403 Comunidad de Madrid
- HR17-00247, HR22-00533 and HR22-00253 "la Caixa" Banking Foundation
- ERC Consolidator Grant "MATRIX", 819775 European Commission
- grant PI22/01560 ISCIII-Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria and European Union
- FP7-PEOPLE-2013-ITN-Cardionext European Union's Seventh Framework Programme
- Formacion del Profesorado Universitario (FPU14/05292) Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports
- PID2021-133167OB-100, RYC2020-028884-I, CEX2020-001041-S MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Binek
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia Castans
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Jorge
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Navratan Bagwan
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Rodríguez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Fernández-Jiménez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Galán-Arriola
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Oliver
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB), CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Gómez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín Clemente-Moragón
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Ibanez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Avenida Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Camafeita
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Kolland M, Amenitsch J, Schreiber N, Ginthör N, Schuller M, Riedl R, Rainer PP, Schneditz D, Niedrist T, Eller K, Krietemeyer B, Rosenkranz AR, Kirsch AH. Changes in cardiac troponins during hemodialysis depend on hemodialysis membrane and modality: a randomized crossover trial. Clin Kidney J 2024; 17:sfad297. [PMID: 38213495 PMCID: PMC10783248 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kolland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jascha Amenitsch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Schreiber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Noemi Ginthör
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Max Schuller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Regina Riedl
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter P Rainer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel Schneditz
- Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Niedrist
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Kathrin Eller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Benedikt Krietemeyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander R Rosenkranz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander H Kirsch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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5
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Asicioglu M, Oztug M, Karaguler NG. Development of an ID-LC-MS/MS method using targeted proteomics for quantifying cardiac troponin I in human serum. Clin Proteomics 2023; 20:40. [PMID: 37759177 PMCID: PMC10536812 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-023-09430-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac troponin is a complex protein consisting of the three subunits I, T and C located in heart muscle cells. When the heart muscle is damaged, it is released into the blood and can be detected. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is considered the most reliable and widely accepted test for detecting and confirming acute myocardial infarction. However, there is no current standardization between the commercial assays for cTnI quantification. Our work aims to create a measurement procedure that is traceable to the International System of Units for accurately measuring cardiac cTnI levels in serum samples from patients. METHODS The workflow begins with immobilizing anti-cTnI antibodies onto magnetic nanoparticles to form complexes. These complexes are used to isolate cTnI from serum. Next, trypsin is used to enzymatically digest the isolated cTnI. Finally, the measurement of multiple cTnI peptides is done simultaneously using isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC-MS/MS). RESULTS The maximum antibody immobilization was achieved by combining 1 mg of nanoparticles with 100 μg of antibody, resulting in an average of 59.2 ± 5.7 μg/mg of immobilized antibody. Subsequently, the anti-cTnI-magnetic nanoparticle complex was utilized to develop and validate a method for quantifying cTnI in human serum using ID-LC-MS/MS and a protein calibration approach. The analytical method was assessed regarding linearity and recovery. The developed method enables the quantification of cTnI from 0.7 to 24 μg/L (R > 0.996). The limit of quantification was 1.8 μg/L and the limit of detection was 0.6 μg/L. Intermediate precision was ≤ 9.6% and repeatability was 2.0-8.7% for all quality control materials. The accuracy of the analyzed quality control materials was between 90 and 110%. Total measurement uncertainties for target value assignment (n = 6) were found to be ≤ 12.5% for all levels. CONCLUSIONS The analytical method demonstrated high analytical performance in accurately quantifying cardiac troponin I levels in human serum. The proposed analytical method has the potential to facilitate the harmonization of cTnI results between clinical laboratories, assign target values to secondary certified reference materials and support reliable measurement of cTnI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Asicioglu
- TUBITAK National Metrology Institute (TUBITAK UME), Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Dr. Orhan Ocalgiray Molecular Biology-Biotechnology and Genetics Research Center, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Oztug
- TUBITAK National Metrology Institute (TUBITAK UME), Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Nevin Gul Karaguler
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Dr. Orhan Ocalgiray Molecular Biology-Biotechnology and Genetics Research Center, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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6
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Yilmaz M, Atici A, Sonsöz MR, Çevik E, Orta H, Demirtakan ZG, Barman HA, Bulat Z, Karaayvaz EB, Mercanoğlu F, Zorkun C. Can high-sensitive troponin levels within the normal range predict positivity in treadmill test? Coron Artery Dis 2023; 34:202-209. [PMID: 36951749 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000001227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine whether a high level of high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT) predicts a positive treadmill test in patients with suspected stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD). METHODS In all, 366 patients with suspected SIHD were included in the study. We measured the serum hsTnT levels before the treadmill test. The treadmill test was performed according to the Bruce protocol. RESULTS Of the 366 patients, 97 had positive treadmill tests. The hsTnT levels were significantly higher in the positive group than in the negative group. In the binary logistic regression analysis, hsTnT, pretest probability, metabolic equivalents (METs), target heart rate (THR) percentage, and Duke treadmill score (DTS) were independent predictors of a positive treadmill test [hsTnT odds ratio (OR): 2.178, P < 0.001; pretest probability OR: 1.036, P = 0.007; METs OR: 0.755, P = 0.008; THR OR: 0.773, P < 0.001; DTS OR: 2.661, P = 0.012]. In the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) value of the model with the combined parameters of hsTnT, pretest probability, METs, THR, and DTS was statistically significant in predicting a positive treadmill test [combined model AUC: 0.945 (0.922-0.968), P < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS In sum, high pretest hsTnT levels predicted a positive treadmill test in patients with suspected SIHD. Analysis of the hsTnT levels before the treadmill test can increase the sensitivity and specificity of the treadmill test. The methods for measuring hsTnT levels are cheap and easily accessible and can be used before the treadmill test in patients with suspected SIHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Yilmaz
- Cardiology Department, Bağcilar Medipol Mega University Hospital
| | - Adem Atici
- Cardiology Department, Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital
| | | | - Erdem Çevik
- Cardiology Department, Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine
| | - Hüseyin Orta
- Cardiology Department, Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine
| | | | - Hasan Ali Barman
- Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa, Institute of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zubeyir Bulat
- Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa, Institute of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Fehmi Mercanoğlu
- Cardiology Department, Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine
| | - Cafer Zorkun
- Cardiology Department, Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine
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7
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Circular RNAs: Biogenesis, Biological Functions, and Roles in Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044233. [PMID: 36835653 PMCID: PMC9963350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs have been excavated as important cardiac function modulators and linked to heart diseases. Significant advances have been obtained in illuminating the effects of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs. Nevertheless, the characteristics of circular RNAs are rarely mined. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are widely believed to participate in cardiac pathologic processes, especially in myocardial infarction. In this review, we round up the biogenesis of circRNAs, briefly describe their biological functions, and summarize the latest literature on multifarious circRNAs related to new therapies and biomarkers for myocardial infarction.
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8
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Heuts S, Gollmann-Tepeköylü C, Denessen EJS, Olsthoorn JR, Romeo JLR, Maessen JG, van ‘t Hof AWJ, Bekers O, Hammarsten O, Pölzl L, Holfeld J, Bonaros N, van der Horst ICC, Davidson SM, Thielmann M, Mingels AMA. Cardiac troponin release following coronary artery bypass grafting: mechanisms and clinical implications. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:100-112. [PMID: 36337034 PMCID: PMC9897191 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of biomarkers is undisputed in the diagnosis of primary myocardial infarction (MI), but their value for identifying MI is less well studied in the postoperative phase following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). To identify patients with periprocedural MI (PMI), several conflicting definitions of PMI have been proposed, relying either on cardiac troponin (cTn) or the MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase, with or without supporting evidence of ischaemia. However, CABG inherently induces the release of cardiac biomarkers, as reflected by significant cTn concentrations in patients with uncomplicated postoperative courses. Still, the underlying (patho)physiological release mechanisms of cTn are incompletely understood, complicating adequate interpretation of postoperative increases in cTn concentrations. Therefore, the aim of the current review is to present these potential underlying mechanisms of cTn release in general, and following CABG in particular (Graphical Abstract). Based on these mechanisms, dissimilarities in the release of cTnI and cTnT are discussed, with potentially important implications for clinical practice. Consequently, currently proposed cTn biomarker cut-offs by the prevailing definitions of PMI might warrant re-assessment, with differentiation in cut-offs for the separate available assays and surgical strategies. To resolve these issues, future prospective studies are warranted to determine the prognostic influence of biomarker release in general and PMI in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Heuts
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ellen J S Denessen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jules R Olsthoorn
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jamie L R Romeo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos G Maessen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Arnoud W J van ‘t Hof
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Otto Bekers
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ola Hammarsten
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Leo Pölzl
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Holfeld
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nikolaos Bonaros
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Iwan C C van der Horst
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matthias Thielmann
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West-German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alma M A Mingels
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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9
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Chen FL, Shang LD, Lin YC, Chang BY, Hsiao YC. Label-Free, Portable, and Color-Indicating Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Test Kit for Acute Myocardial Infarction by Spectral Analysis and Naked-Eye Observation. BIOSENSORS 2022; 13:60. [PMID: 36671895 PMCID: PMC9856049 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction is difficult in patients with nondiagnostic characteristics. Acute myocardial infarction with chest pain is associated with increased mortality. This study developed a portable test kit based on cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) for the rapid detection of AMI through eye observation at home. The test kit was established on dimethyloctadecyl[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ammonium chloride-coated substrates covered by a CLC-binding antibody. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is a major biomarker of myocardial cellular injury in human blood. The data showed that the concentration of cTnI was related to light transmittance in a positive way. The proposed CLC test kit can be operated with a smartphone; therefore, it has high potential for use as a point-of-care device for home testing. Moreover, the CLC test kit is an effective and innovative device for the rapid testing of acute myocardial infarction-related diseases through eye observation, spectrometer, or even smartphone applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Lun Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No.111, Sec. 3, Xinglong Rd., Wenshan Dist., Taipei 11600, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Li-Dan Shang
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Yen-Chung Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, 252 Wuxing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney (TMU-RCUK), Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Yen Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- International PhD Program for Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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10
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Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients: troponin leak in asymptomatic and implications for drug toxicity studies. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:1613-1620. [PMID: 34429516 PMCID: PMC8866537 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01682-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of death in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), but studies suggest heart failure biomarkers correlate poorly with cardiomyopathy severity. DMD clinical trials have used troponin I (cTnI) as a biomarker of toxicity, but it is unclear if asymptomatic DMD patients have elevated cTnI. We longitudinally evaluated cTnI, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP) in a DMD cohort. METHODS DMD patients were prospectively enrolled and followed for 3 years. Serum was drawn at the time of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). Normal biomarker values were derived from healthy subjects. Biomarkers were correlated with CMR markers. RESULTS All subjects were asymptomatic at the time of enrollment. Several DMD subjects had transiently elevated cTnI. Those with elevated cTnI were more likely to have late gadolinium enhancement on baseline CMR. NT-proBNP correlated with indexed left ventricular end diastolic and maximum left atrial volumes. Otherwise, standard cardiac biomarkers did not correlate with CMR markers of cardiomyopathy. CONCLUSIONS CTnI, BNP, and NT-proBNP do not correlate with CMR assessment of cardiomyopathy progression. A subset of DMD patients have asymptomatic cTnI leak of uncertain clinical significance, though of critical importance if cTnI is used to assess for cardiac toxicity in future drug trials. IMPACT Asymptomatic patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) exhibit transient troponin I leak. NT-proBNP correlated with indexed left ventricular end diastolic volume and indexed maximum left atrial volume. Other cardiac biomarkers did not correlate with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) markers of cardiomyopathy.
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11
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Chuang EY, Ho TL, Wang YC, Hsiao YC. Smartphone and home-based liquid crystal sensor for rapid screening of acute myocardial infarction by naked-eye observation and image analysis. Talanta 2022; 250:123698. [PMID: 35763951 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or thrombosis is complicated in patients with non-diagnostic features. AMI or thrombosis patients with chest pain are unintentionally discharged and have increased mortality. The study aimed to develop a smartphone biomedical sensor as a rapid test for AMI or thrombosis by naked-eye observation. The system was built on dimethyloctadecyl [3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ammonium chloride (DMOAP)-coated glass substrates, which refers to a nematic liquid crystal (LC)-binding antibody. One of the main biomolecules, cardiac troponin I (cTnI), is a substance in blood in people whose bodies are vulnerable to suffering a myocardial infarction or thrombosis. The other medium, LC, is a sensing biomaterial as an earlier detection method of ameliorating the disadvantages of older methods. Results revealed that the density of cTnI was positively correlated with the coefficient of light transmittance, and it has a high chance of being developed as a point-of-care device for a home inspection as it can be operated with a smartphone. As discussed above, the nematic LC is an effective and innovative healthcare method as a rapid test for diagnosis of AMI or thrombosis related diseases by naked-eye observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Yuan Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan; International PhD Program for Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Thi-Luu Ho
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chieh Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Cheng Hsiao
- International PhD Program for Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan; Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan; Stanford Byers Center for Biodesign, Stanford, USA.
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12
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Canty JM. Myocardial Injury, Troponin Release and Cardiomyocyte Death in Brief Ischemia, Failure and Ventricular Remodeling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H1-H15. [PMID: 35559722 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00093.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Troponin released from irreversibly injured myocytes is the gold standard biomarker for the rapid identification of an acute coronary syndrome. In acute myocardial infarction, necrotic cell death is characterized by sarcolemmal disruption in response to a critical level of energy depletion after more than 15-minutes of ischemia. While troponin I and T are highly specific for cardiomyocyte death, high-sensitivity assays have demonstrated that measurable circulating levels of troponin are present in the majority of normal subjects. In addition, transient as well as chronic elevations have been demonstrated in many disease states not clearly associated with myocardial ischemia. The latter observations have given rise to the clinical concept of myocardial injury. This review will summarize evidence supporting the notion that circulating troponin levels parallel the extent of myocyte apoptosis in normal ventricular remodeling and in pathophysiological conditions not associated with infarction or necrosis. It will review the evidence that myocyte apoptosis can be accelerated by both diastolic strain from elevated ventricular preload as well as systolic strain from dyskinesis after brief episodes of ischemia too short to cause a critical level of myocyte energy depletion. We then show how chronic, low rates of myocyte apoptosis from endogenous myocyte turnover, repetitive ischemia or repetitive elevations in LV diastolic pressure can lead to significant myocyte loss in the absence of neurohormonal stimulation. Finally, we posit that the differential response to strain-induced injury in heart failure may determine whether progressive myocyte loss and HFrEF or interstitial fibrosis and HFpEF become the heart failure phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Canty
- VA WNY Health Care System, the Departments of Medicine, Physiology & Biophysics, Biomedical Engineering and The Clinical and Translational Research Center of the University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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13
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Chaulin AM. Metabolic Pathway of Cardiospecific Troponins: From Fundamental Aspects to Diagnostic Role (Comprehensive Review). Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:841277. [PMID: 35517866 PMCID: PMC9062030 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.841277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Many molecules of the human body perform key regulatory functions and are widely used as targets for the development of therapeutic drugs or as specific diagnostic markers. These molecules undergo a significant metabolic pathway, during which they are influenced by a number of factors (biological characteristics, hormones, enzymes, etc.) that can affect molecular metabolism and, as a consequence, the serum concentration or activity of these molecules. Among the most important molecules in the field of cardiology are the molecules of cardiospecific troponins (Tns), which regulate the processes of myocardial contraction/relaxation and are used as markers for the early diagnosis of ischemic necrosis of cardiomyocytes (CMC) in myocardial infarction (MI). The diagnostic value and diagnostic capabilities of cardiospecific Tns have changed significantly after the advent of new (highly sensitive (HS)) detection methods. Thus, early diagnostic algorithms of MI were approved for clinical practice, thanks to which the possibility of rapid diagnosis and determination of optimal tactics for managing patients with MI was opened. Relatively recently, promising directions have also been opened for the use of cardiospecific Tns as prognostic markers both at the early stages of the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (arterial hypertension (AH), heart failure (HF), coronary heart disease (CHD), etc.), and in non-ischemic extra-cardiac pathologies that can negatively affect CMC (for example, sepsis, chronic kidney disease (CKD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), etc.). Recent studies have also shown that cardiospecific Tns are present not only in blood serum, but also in other biological fluids (urine, oral fluid, pericardial fluid, amniotic fluid). Thus, cardiospecific Tns have additional diagnostic capabilities. However, the fundamental aspects of the metabolic pathway of cardiospecific Tns are definitively unknown, in particular, specific mechanisms of release of Tns from CMC in non-ischemic extra-cardiac pathologies, mechanisms of circulation and elimination of Tns from the human body, mechanisms of transport of Tns to other biological fluids and factors that may affect these processes have not been established. In this comprehensive manuscript, all stages of the metabolic pathway are consistently and in detail considered, starting from release from CMC and ending with excretion (removal) from the human body. In addition, the possible diagnostic role of individual stages and mechanisms, influencing factors is analyzed and directions for further research in this area are noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey M Chaulin
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia.,Samara Regional Clinical Cardiological Dispensary, Samara, Russia
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14
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The Importance of Cardiac Troponin Metabolism in the Laboratory Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction (Comprehensive Review). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6454467. [PMID: 35402607 PMCID: PMC8986381 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6454467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The study of the metabolism of endogenous molecules is not only of great fundamental significance but also of high practical importance, since many molecules serve as drug targets and/or biomarkers for laboratory diagnostics of diseases. Thus, cardiac troponin molecules have long been used as the main biomarkers for confirmation of diagnosis of myocardial infarction, and with the introduction of high-sensitivity test methods, many of our ideas about metabolism of these cardiac markers have changed significantly. In clinical practice, there are opening new promising diagnostic capabilities of cardiac troponins, the understanding and justification of which are closely connected with the fundamental principles of the metabolism of these molecules. Our current knowledge about the metabolism of cardiac troponins is insufficient and extremely disconnected from various literary sources. Thus, many researchers do not sufficiently understand the potential importance of cardiac troponin metabolism in the laboratory diagnosis of myocardial infarction. The purpose of this comprehensive review is to systematize information about the metabolism of cardiac troponins and during the discussion to focus on the potential impact of cTns metabolism on the laboratory diagnosis of myocardial infarction. The format of this comprehensive review includes a sequential consideration and analysis of the stages of the metabolic pathway, starting from possible release mechanisms and ending with elimination mechanisms. This will allow doctors and researchers to understand the significant importance of cTns metabolism and its impact on the laboratory diagnosis of myocardial infarction.
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15
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Features of the Metabolisms of Cardiac Troponin Molecules—Part 1: The Main Stages of Metabolism, Release Stage. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:1376-1394. [PMID: 35723315 PMCID: PMC8947512 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44030092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac troponins (cTns) have long been the most valuable and specific biomarkers for detecting ischemic myocardial cells (MCs) injury, which is one of the key signs of myocardial infarction (MI). Modern methods (highly sensitive and ultra-sensitive immunoassays (hs-cTns)) of detection are an important and indispensable tool for the early diagnosis of MI and the choice of patient management protocols. Timely diagnosis of MI can significantly improve the prognosis of patients. However, in real clinical practice, doctors often face a significant problem when using cTns—the difficulty of differential diagnosis due to frequent and unexplained increases in the concentration of cTns in blood serum. In addition, there is conflicting information that may potentially affect the diagnostic capabilities and value of cTns: the influence of certain biological factors (diurnal rhythm, gender and age) on serum cTns levels; extra-cardiac expression of cTns; the possibilities of non-invasive diagnosis of MI; and other pathological conditions that cause non-ischemic injury to MCs. To solve these problems, it is necessary to concentrate on studying the metabolism of cTns. The review of our current knowledge about cTns metabolism consists of two parts. In this (first) part of the manuscript, the main stages of cTns metabolism are briefly described and the mechanisms of cTns release from MCs are considered in detail.
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16
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Chaulin AM. Biology of Cardiac Troponins: Emphasis on Metabolism. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030429. [PMID: 35336802 PMCID: PMC8945489 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, are among the most common diseases worldwide. Markers associated with the diagnosis of myocardial infarction have been in the spotlight for many years. The most commonly used markers of myocardial infarction are cardiac troponins. However, insufficient understanding of the biology and metabolism of cardiac troponins does not allow us to fully unlock the full diagnostic potential of these cardiomarkers. In this article, I summarized and discussed in detail the features of the metabolism of cardiac troponins. I conducted a comprehensive review of current literary sources and presented my point of view. The format of the manuscript includes a consistent description of the biology and stages of the metabolism of cardiac troponins, starting from the release and circulation, and ending with the features of elimination of cardiac troponins. The possible influence of the biology of cardiac troponins on the diagnostic value of cardiac troponins is analyzed. Based on the analysis of the literature, I found a close relationship between the diagnostic value of cardiac troponins and their biology/metabolism. Further research is needed to increase the diagnostic value of cardiac troponins, and to fully unlock their diagnostic potential. Abstract Understanding of the biology of endo- and exogenous molecules, in particular their metabolism, is not only of great theoretical importance, but also of high practical significance, since many molecules serve as drug targets or markers for the laboratory diagnostics of many human diseases. Thus, cardiac troponin (cTns) molecules have long been used as key markers for the confirmation of diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI), and with the introduction of contemporary (high sensitivity) test methods, many of our concepts related to the biology of these cardiac markers have changed significantly. In current clinical practice, there are opening new promising diagnostic capabilities of cTns, the understanding and justification of which is closely connected with the theoretical principles of the metabolism of these molecules. However, today, the biology and metabolism of cTns have not been properly investigated; in particular, we do not know the precise mechanisms of release of these molecules from the myocardial cells (MCs) of healthy people and the mechanisms of circulation, and the elimination of cTns from the bloodstream. The main purpose of this manuscript is to systematize information about the biology of cTns, with an emphasis on the metabolism of cTns. The format of this paper, starting with the release of cTns in the blood and concluding with the metabolism/filtration of troponins, provides a comprehensive yet logically easy way for the readers to approach our current knowledge in the framework of understanding the basic mechanisms by which cTns are produced and processed. Conclusions. Based on the analysis of the current literature, the important role of biology and all stages of metabolism (release, circulation, removal) of cTns in laboratory diagnostics should be noted. It is necessary to continue studying the biology and metabolism of cTns, because this will improve the differential diagnosis of MI and i a new application of cTns immunoassays in current clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey M. Chaulin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Samara State Medical University, 89 Chapaevskaya Street, Samara Region, 443099 Samara, Russia; ; Tel.: +7-(927)-770-25-87
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samara State Medical University, 89 Chapaevskaya Street, Samara Region, 443099 Samara, Russia
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17
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Chaulin A. Metabolic Pathway of Cardiac Troponins and Its Diagnostic Value. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2022. [DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s335851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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18
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Rapid and low-cost, and disposable electrical sensor using an extended gate field-effect transistor for cardiac troponin I detection. Biomed Eng Lett 2022; 12:197-203. [PMID: 35529342 PMCID: PMC9046487 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-022-00219-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Field effect transistor (FET) biosensor is based on metal oxide field effect transistor that is gated by changes in the surface charges induced the reaction of biomolecules. In most cases of FET biosensor, FET biosensor is not being reused after the reaction; therefore, it is an important concept of investigate the biosensor with simplicity, cheap and reusability. However, the conventional cardiac troponin I (cTnI) sensing technique is inadequate owing to its low sensitivity and high operational time and cost. In this study, we developed a rapid and low-cost, and disposable electrical sensor using an extended gate field-effect transistor (EGFET) to detect cTnI, as a key biomarker for myocardiac infarction. We first investigated pH sensing characteristics according to the pH level, which provided a logarithmically linear sensitivity in the pH sensing buffer solution of approximately 57.9 mV/pH. Subsequently, we prepared a cTnI sample and monitored the reaction between cTnI and cTnI antibodies through the changes in the drain current and transfer curves. Our results showed that the EGFET biosensor could successfully detect the cTnI levels as well as the pH with low-cost and rapid detection.
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19
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Clerico A, Zaninotto M, Aimo A, Dittadi R, Cosseddu D, Perrone M, Padoan A, Masotti S, Belloni L, Migliardi M, Fortunato A, Trenti T, Malloggi L, Cappelletti P, Galli GA, Bernardini S, Sciacovelli L, Plebani M. Use of high-sensitivity cardiac troponins in the emergency department for the early rule-in and rule-out of acute myocardial infarction without persistent ST-segment elevation (NSTEMI) in Italy. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 60:169-182. [PMID: 34927403 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2021-1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Serial measurements of cardiac troponin are recommended by international guidelines to diagnose myocardial infarction (MI) since 2000. However, some relevant differences exist between the three different international guidelines published between 2020 and 2021 for the management of patients with chest pain and no ST-segment elevation. In particular, there is no agreement on the cut-offs or absolute change values to diagnose non-ST-segment elevation MI (NSTEMI). Other controversial issues concern the diagnostic accuracy and cost-effectiveness of cut-off values for the most rapid algorithms (0 h/1 h or 0 h/2 h) to rule-in and rule-out NSTEMI. Finally, another important point is the possible differences between demographic and clinical characteristics of patients enrolled in multicenter trials compared to those routinely admitted to the Emergency Department in Italy. The Study Group of Cardiac Biomarkers, supported by the Italian Scientific Societies Società Italiana di Biochimica Clinica, Italian Society of the European Ligand Assay Society, and Società Italiana di Patolgia Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio decided to revise the document previously published in 2013 about the management of patients with suspected NSTEMI, and to provide some suggestions for the use of these biomarkers in clinical practice, with a particular focus on the Italian setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Clerico
- Fondazione CNR Regione Toscana G. Monasterio e Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Martina Zaninotto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Aimo
- Fondazione CNR Regione Toscana G. Monasterio e Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ruggero Dittadi
- Ospedale dell'Angelo ULSS 3 Serenissima, Laboratorio di Analisi Cliniche, Mestre, Italy
| | - Domenico Cosseddu
- S.C. Laboratorio Analisi, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Perrone
- Division of Cardiology and Clinical Biochemistry, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Padoan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Masotti
- Fondazione CNR Regione Toscana G. Monasterio e Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Belloni
- Dipartimento di Medicina di laboratorio, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova - IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Marco Migliardi
- S.C. Laboratorio Analisi, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Tommaso Trenti
- Azienda Ospedaliero - Universitaria Policlinico di Modena c/o Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara, Modena, Italy
| | - Lucia Malloggi
- Laboratorio Analisi, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Sergio Bernardini
- Division of Cardiology and Clinical Biochemistry, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Sciacovelli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Plebani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
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20
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Aengevaeren VL, Baggish AL, Chung EH, George K, Kleiven Ø, Mingels AMA, Ørn S, Shave RE, Thompson PD, Eijsvogels TMH. Exercise-Induced Cardiac Troponin Elevations: From Underlying Mechanisms to Clinical Relevance. Circulation 2021; 144:1955-1972. [PMID: 34898243 PMCID: PMC8663527 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.056208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Serological assessment of cardiac troponins (cTn) is the gold standard to assess myocardial injury in clinical practice. A greater magnitude of acutely or chronically elevated cTn concentrations is associated with lower event-free survival in patients and the general population. Exercise training is known to improve cardiovascular function and promote longevity, but exercise can produce an acute rise in cTn concentrations, which may exceed the upper reference limit in a substantial number of individuals. Whether exercise-induced cTn elevations are attributable to a physiological or pathological response and if they are clinically relevant has been debated for decades. Thus far, exercise-induced cTn elevations have been viewed as the only benign form of cTn elevations. However, recent studies report intriguing findings that shed new light on the underlying mechanisms and clinical relevance of exercise-induced cTn elevations. We will review the biochemical characteristics of cTn assays, key factors determining the magnitude of postexercise cTn concentrations, the release kinetics, underlying mechanisms causing and contributing to exercise-induced cTn release, and the clinical relevance of exercise-induced cTn elevations. We will also explain the association with cardiac function, correlates with (subclinical) cardiovascular diseases and exercise-induced cTn elevations predictive value for future cardiovascular events. Last, we will provide recommendations for interpretation of these findings and provide direction for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent L Aengevaeren
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Departments of Physiology (V.L.A., T.M.H.E.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Cardiology (V.L.A.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Aaron L Baggish
- Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.L.B.)
| | - Eugene H Chung
- Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (E.H.C.)
| | - Keith George
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom (K.G.)
| | - Øyunn Kleiven
- Cardiology Department, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway (Ø.K., S.Ø.)
| | - Alma M A Mingels
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht, The Netherlands (A.M.A.M.)
| | - Stein Ørn
- Cardiology Department, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway (Ø.K., S.Ø.).,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Stavanger, Norway (S.Ø.)
| | - Rob E Shave
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (R.E.S.)
| | | | - Thijs M H Eijsvogels
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Departments of Physiology (V.L.A., T.M.H.E.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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21
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Radha R, Al-Sayah MH. Development of Liposome-Based Immunoassay for the Detection of Cardiac Troponin I. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226988. [PMID: 34834080 PMCID: PMC8623906 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the foremost causes of mortality in intensive care units worldwide. The development of a rapid method to quantify cardiac troponin I (cTnI)—the gold-standard biomarker of myocardial infarction (MI) (or “heart attack”)—becomes crucial in the early diagnosis and treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). This study investigates the development of an efficient fluorescent “sandwich” immunoassay using liposome-based fluorescent signal amplification and thereby enables the sensing and quantification of serum-cTnI at a concentration relevant to clinical settings. The calcein-loaded liposomes were utilized as fluorescent nano vehicles, and these have exhibited appropriate stability and efficient fluorescent properties. The standardized assay was sensitive and selective towards cTnI in both physiological buffer solutions and spiked human serum samples. The novel assay presented noble analytical results with sound dynamic linearity over a wide concentration range of 0 to 320 ng/mL and a detection limit of 6.5 ng/mL for cTnI in the spiked human serum.
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22
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Damen SAJ, Cramer GE, Dieker HJ, Gehlmann H, Ophuis TJMO, Aengevaeren WRM, Fokkert M, Verheugt FWA, Suryapranata H, Wu AH, van Wijk XMR, Brouwer MA. Cardiac Troponin Composition Characterization after Non ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Relation with Culprit Artery, Ischemic Time Window, and Severity of Injury. Clin Chem 2021; 67:227-236. [PMID: 33418572 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvaa231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Troponin composition characterization has been implicated as a next step to differentiate among non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients and improve distinction from other conditions with troponin release. We therefore studied coronary and peripheral troponin compositions in relation to clinical variables of NSTEMI patients. METHODS Samples were obtained from the great cardiac vein (GCV), coronary sinus (CS), and peripheral circulation of 45 patients with NSTEMI. We measured total cTnI concentrations, and assessed both complex cTnI (binary cTnIC + all ternary cTnTIC forms), and large-size cTnTIC (full-size and partially truncated cTnTIC). Troponin compositions were studied in relation to culprit vessel localization (left anterior descending artery [LAD] or non-LAD), ischemic time window, and peak CK-MB value. RESULTS Sampling occurred at a median of 25 hours after symptom onset. Of total peripheral cTnI, a median of 87[78-100]% consisted of complex cTnI; and 9[6-15]% was large-size cTnTIC. All concentrations (total, complex cTnI, and large-size cTnTIC) were significantly higher in the CS than in peripheral samples (P < 0.001). For LAD culprit patients, GCV concentrations were all significantly higher; in non-LAD culprit patients, CS concentrations were higher. Proportionally, more large-size cTnTIC was present in the earliest sampled patients and in those with the highest CK-MB peaks. CONCLUSIONS In coronary veins draining the infarct area, concentrations of both full-size and degraded troponin were higher than in the peripheral circulation. This finding, and the observed associations of troponin composition with the ischemic time window and the extent of sustained injury may contribute to future characterization of different disease states among NSTEMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander A J Damen
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gilbert E Cramer
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik-Jan Dieker
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Helmut Gehlmann
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ton J M Oude Ophuis
- Department of Cardiology, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marion Fokkert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Freek W A Verheugt
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Suryapranata
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alan H Wu
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Xander M R van Wijk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Marc A Brouwer
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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23
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Clerico A, Aimo A, Zaninotto M, Plebani M. Diagnostic algorithms for non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: open issues. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 59:1761-1771. [PMID: 34225387 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2021-0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of serial measurement of cardiac troponin (cTn) is recommended by international guidelines for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI) since 2000. This article focuses on factors influencing temporal changes in high-sensitive cTn (hs)-cTn and the impact of these factors on the diagnosis of non-ST-segment elevation MI (NSTEMI). The recommendations proposed by three different international guidelines published in 2020-2021 for the management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation (NSTE) show some discrepancies. In particular, there is no agreement among these guidelines about cut-off or absolute change values to be used for the rule-in, especially regarding the use of sex-specific cut-off values. Furthermore, there are no sufficient evidences on the diagnostic accuracy and cost effectiveness related to cut-off values suggested for algorithms to be used by some hs-cTnI methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Clerico
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna e Fondazione CNR - Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Aimo
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna e Fondazione CNR - Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Martina Zaninotto
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Laboratorio, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Padova, e Dipartimento di Medicina - Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Plebani
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Laboratorio, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Padova, e Dipartimento di Medicina - Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
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24
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de Boer D, Streng AS, van Doorn WPTM, Vroemen WHM, Bekers O, Wodzig WKWH, Mingels AMA. Cardiac Troponin T: The Impact of Posttranslational Modifications on Analytical Immunoreactivity in Blood up to the Excretion in Urine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1306:41-59. [PMID: 33959905 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63908-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac troponin T (cTnT) is a sensitive and specific biomarker for detecting cardiac muscle injury. Its concentration in blood can be significantly elevated outside the normal reference range under several pathophysiological conditions. The classical analytical method in routine clinical analysis to detect cTnT in serum or plasma is a single commercial immunoassay, which is designed to quantify the intact cTnT molecule. The targeted epitopes are located in the central region of the cTnT molecule. However, in blood cTnT exists in different biomolecular complexes and proteoforms: bound (to cardiac troponin subunits or to immunoglobulins) or unbound (as intact protein or as proteolytic proteoforms). While proteolysis is a principal posttranslational modification (PTM), other confirmed PTMs of the proteoforms include N-terminal initiator methionine removal, N-acetylation, O-phosphorylation, O-(N-acetyl)-glucosaminylation, N(ɛ)-(carboxymethyl)lysine modification and citrullination. The immunoassay probably detects several of those cTnT biomolecular complexes and proteoforms, as long as they have the centrally targeted epitopes in common. While analytical cTnT immunoreactivity has been studied predominantly in blood, it can also be detected in urine, although it is unclear in which proteoform cTnT immunoreactivity is present in urine. This review presents an overview of the current knowledge on the pathophysiological lifecycle of cTnT. It provides insight into the impact of PTMs, not only on the analytical immunoreactivity, but also on the excretion of cTnT in urine as one of the waste routes in that lifecycle. Accordingly, and after isolating the proteoforms from urine of patients suffering from proteinuria and acute myocardial infarction, the structures of some possible cTnT proteoforms are reconstructed using mass spectrometry and presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douwe de Boer
- Unit of Clinical Chemistry, Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML) of Maastricht University (UM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Alexander S Streng
- Unit of Clinical Chemistry, Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - William P T M van Doorn
- Unit of Clinical Chemistry, Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim H M Vroemen
- Unit of Clinical Chemistry, Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Otto Bekers
- Unit of Clinical Chemistry, Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CARIM, School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML) of Maastricht University (UM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Will K W H Wodzig
- Unit of Clinical Chemistry, Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML) of Maastricht University (UM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alma M A Mingels
- Unit of Clinical Chemistry, Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CARIM, School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML) of Maastricht University (UM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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25
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Borisov AV, Syrkina AG, Kuzmin DA, Ryabov VV, Boyko AA, Zaharova O, Zasedatel VS, Kistenev YV. Application of machine learning and laser optical-acoustic spectroscopy to study the profile of exhaled air volatile markers of acute myocardial infarction. J Breath Res 2021; 15. [PMID: 33657535 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/abebd4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Conventional acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diagnosis is quite accurate and has proved its effectiveness. However, despite this, discovering more operative methods of this disease detection is underway. From this point of view, the application of exhaled air analysis for a similar diagnosis is valuable. The aim of the paper is to research effective machine learning algorithms for the predictive model for AMI diagnosis constructing, using exhaled air spectral data. The target group included 30 patients with primary myocardial infarction. The control group included 42 healthy volunteers. The 'LaserBreeze' laser gas analyzer (Special Technologies Ltd, Russia), based on the dual-channel resonant photoacoustic detector cell and optical parametric oscillator as the laser source, had been used. The pattern recognition approach was applied in the same manner for the set of extracted concentrations of AMI volatile markers and the set of absorption coefficients in a most informative spectral range 2.900 ± 0.125µm. The created predictive model based on the set of absorption coefficients provided 0.86 of the mean values of both the sensitivity and specificity when linear support vector machine (SVM) combined with principal component analysis was used. The created predictive model based on using six volatile AMI markers (C5H12, N2O, NO2, C2H4, CO, CO2) provided 0.82 and 0.93 of the mean values of the sensitivity and specificity, respectively, when linear SVM was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Borisov
- Biophotonics Laboratory, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Anna G Syrkina
- Department of Emergency Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Kuzmin
- Biophysics and Functional Diagnostics Division, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk,Russia
| | - Vyacheslav V Ryabov
- Department of Emergency Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.,Cardiology Division, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia.,Laboratory for Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Andrey A Boyko
- Biophotonics Laboratory, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Olga Zaharova
- Biophotonics Laboratory, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | - Yury V Kistenev
- Biophotonics Laboratory, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.,Central Research Laboratory, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
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26
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Chen TP, Zhang NJ, Wang HJ, Hu SG, Geng X. Knockdown of circROBO2 attenuates acute myocardial infarction through regulating the miR-1184/TRADD axis. Mol Med 2021; 27:21. [PMID: 33658002 PMCID: PMC7931513 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00275-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have found that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play key roles in cardiovascular diseases. However, the function of circROBO2 in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the pathogenesis of circROBO2 in AMI. METHODS qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to determine the expression levels of circROBO2, miR-1184, and TRADD in AMI and sham-operated mouse models at mRNA and protein level, respectively. The relationship among miR-1184, circROBO2 and TRADD was evaluated by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) analysis and luciferase reporter gene analysis. The roles of circROBO2, miR-1184, and TRADD in myocardial cell apoptosis were evaluated using flow cytometry. Ultrasound echocardiography, serum creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), myocardial infarction area, and myocardial cell apoptosis were measured to examine the effects of circROBO2 on myocardial injury. RESULTS The expression levels of miR-1184 were significantly reduced, and the expression levels of circROBO2 and TRADD were significantly increased in MI group. CircROBO2 acted as a sponge for miR-1184 by upregulating the expression of TRADD. In addition, overexpression of miR-1184 enhanced the protective effect of knockdown of circROBO2 by partially inhibiting the expression of TRADD in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION Knockdown of circROBO2 reduced the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes by increasing the expression levels of miR-1184, which in turn decreased the expression levels of TRADD in the myocardium post-MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ping Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287, Changhuai Road, Longzi Lake District, Bengbu city, 233003, Anhui province, China.
| | - Nai-Ju Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287, Changhuai Road, Longzi Lake District, Bengbu city, 233003, Anhui province, China
| | - Hong-Ju Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287, Changhuai Road, Longzi Lake District, Bengbu city, 233003, Anhui province, China
| | - Si-Gan Hu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287, Changhuai Road, Longzi Lake District, Bengbu city, 233003, Anhui province, China
| | - Xu Geng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287, Changhuai Road, Longzi Lake District, Bengbu city, 233003, Anhui province, China
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27
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Rookyard AW, Paulech J, Thyssen S, Liddy KA, Puckeridge M, Li DK, White MY, Cordwell SJ. A Global Profile of Reversible and Irreversible Cysteine Redox Post-Translational Modifications During Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Antioxidant Intervention. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:11-31. [PMID: 32729339 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Cysteine (Cys) is a major target for redox post-translational modifications (PTMs) that occur in response to changes in the cellular redox environment. We describe multiplexed, peptide-based enrichment and quantitative mass spectrometry (MS) applied to globally profile reversible redox Cys PTM in rat hearts during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in the presence or absence of an aminothiol antioxidant, N-2-mercaptopropionylglycine (MPG). Parallel fractionation also allowed identification of irreversibly oxidized Cys peptides (Cys-SO2H/SO3H). Results: We identified 4505 reversibly oxidized Cys peptides of which 1372 were significantly regulated by ischemia and/or I/R. An additional 219 peptides (247 sites) contained Cys-SO2H/Cys-SO3H modifications, and these were predominantly identified from hearts subjected to I/R (n = 168 peptides). Parallel reaction monitoring MS (PRM-MS) enabled relative quantitation of 34 irreversibly oxidized Cys peptides. MPG attenuated a large cluster of I/R-associated reversibly oxidized Cys peptides and irreversible Cys oxidation to less than nonischemic controls (n = 24 and 34 peptides, respectively). PRM-MS showed that Cys sites oxidized during ischemia and/or I/R and "protected" by MPG were largely mitochondrial, and were associated with antioxidant functions (peroxiredoxins 5 and 6) and metabolic processes, including glycolysis. Metabolomics revealed I/R induced changes in glycolytic intermediates that were reversed in the presence of MPG, which were consistent with irreversible PTM of triose phosphate isomerase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), altered GAPDH enzyme activity, and reduced I/R glycolytic payoff as evidenced by adenosine triphosphate and NADH levels. Innovation: Novel enrichment and PRM-MS approaches developed here enabled large-scale relative quantitation of Cys redox sites modified by reversible and irreversible PTM during I/R and antioxidant remediation. Conclusions: Cys sites identified here are targets of reactive oxygen species that can contribute to protein dysfunction and the pathogenesis of I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Rookyard
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jana Paulech
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stine Thyssen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kiersten A Liddy
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Max Puckeridge
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Desmond K Li
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Melanie Y White
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stuart J Cordwell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Mass Spectrometry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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28
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Brown KA, Melby JA, Roberts DS, Ge Y. Top-down proteomics: challenges, innovations, and applications in basic and clinical research. Expert Rev Proteomics 2020; 17:719-733. [PMID: 33232185 PMCID: PMC7864889 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1855982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction- A better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanism of diseases is critical for developing more effective diagnostic tools and therapeutics toward precision medicine. However, many challenges remain to unravel the complex nature of diseases. Areas covered- Changes in protein isoform expression and post-translation modifications (PTMs) have gained recognition for their role in underlying disease mechanisms. Top-down mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics is increasingly recognized as an important method for the comprehensive characterization of proteoforms that arise from alternative splicing events and/or PTMs for basic and clinical research. Here, we review the challenges, technological innovations, and recent studies that utilize top-down proteomics to elucidate changes in the proteome with an emphasis on its use to study heart diseases. Expert opinion- Proteoform-resolved information can substantially contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying various diseases and for the identification of novel proteoform targets for better therapeutic development . Despite the challenges of sequencing intact proteins, top-down proteomics has enabled a wealth of information regarding protein isoform switching and changes in PTMs. Continuous developments in sample preparation, intact protein separation, and instrumentation for top-down MS have broadened its capabilities to characterize proteoforms from a range of samples on an increasingly global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Jake A. Melby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - David S. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Human Proteomics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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29
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Tiambeng TN, Roberts DS, Brown KA, Zhu Y, Chen B, Wu Z, Mitchell SD, Guardado-Alvarez TM, Jin S, Ge Y. Nanoproteomics enables proteoform-resolved analysis of low-abundance proteins in human serum. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3903. [PMID: 32764543 PMCID: PMC7411019 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17643-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Top-down mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics provides a comprehensive analysis of proteoforms to achieve a proteome-wide understanding of protein functions. However, the MS detection of low-abundance proteins from blood remains an unsolved challenge due to the extraordinary dynamic range of the blood proteome. Here, we develop an integrated nanoproteomics method coupling peptide-functionalized superparamagnetic nanoparticles (NPs) with top-down MS for the enrichment and comprehensive analysis of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), a gold-standard cardiac biomarker, directly from serum. These NPs enable the sensitive enrichment of cTnI (<1 ng/mL) with high specificity and reproducibility, while simultaneously depleting highly abundant proteins such as human serum albumin (>1010 more abundant than cTnI). We demonstrate that top-down nanoproteomics can provide high-resolution proteoform-resolved molecular fingerprints of diverse cTnI proteoforms to establish proteoform-pathophysiology relationships. This scalable and reproducible antibody-free strategy can generally enable the proteoform-resolved analysis of low-abundance proteins directly from serum to reveal previously unachievable molecular details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy N Tiambeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53719, USA
| | - David S Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53719, USA
| | - Kyle A Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53719, USA
| | - Yanlong Zhu
- Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53719, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53719, USA
| | - Bifan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53719, USA
| | - Zhijie Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53719, USA
| | - Stanford D Mitchell
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53719, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53719, USA
| | | | - Song Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53719, USA.
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53719, USA.
- Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53719, USA.
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53719, USA.
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30
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Nestler K, Becker BV, Majewski M, Veit DA, Krull BF, Waldeck S. Additional CTA-Subtraction Technique in Detection of Pulmonary Embolism-a Benefit for Patients or Only an Increase in Dose? HEALTH PHYSICS 2020; 119:148-152. [PMID: 32371851 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Latest advantages in computed tomography (CT) come with enhanced diagnostic imaging and also sophisticated dose reduction techniques. However, overall exposure to ionizing radiation of patients in Germany rises slightly, which is mainly based on the growing number of performed CT scans. Furthermore, new possibilities in modern imaging, including 4D scans or perfusion protocols, offer new medical insights but require additional scans.In this study, we reevaluated data sets from patients undergoing CT examinations because of suspected pulmonary embolism and compared doses and diagnostic results of the standard protocol to the additional modern CT subtraction technique. Two groups of single-blinded radiologists were provided with CT data sets from 50 patients. One group (G1) had access to full datasets including CT subtraction with perfusion map. The other group (G2) only evaluated conventional CT angiography. Results were compared to final clinical diagnosis. Dose length product (DLP) of CT angiography was compared to CT subtraction technique, which consists of an additional non-contrast-enhanced scan and perfusion map. Effective dose was calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation-based software tool (ImpactDose). Inter-rater agreement of both groups was strong in G1 with κ = .896 and minimal in G2 (κ = .307). Agreement to final diagnosis was strong in both groups (G1, κ = .848; G2, κ = .767). Doses applied using the CT subtraction technique were 34.8% higher than for CT angiography alone (G1 DLP 337.6 ± 171.3 mGy x cm; G2 DLP 220.2 ± 192.8 mGy x cm; p < .001). Calculated effective dose was therefore significantly higher for G1 (G1 4.82 ± 2.20 mSv; G2 3.04 ± 1.33 mSv; p < .001). Our results indicate a benefit of the CT subtraction technique for the detection of pulmonary embolisms in clinical routine, accompanied by an increase in the dose administered. Although CT protocols should always be applied carefully to specific clinical indications in order to maximize the potential for dose reduction and keep the administered dose as low as reasonably achievable, one should never lose sight of the diagnostic benefit, especially in vital clinical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Valentin Becker
- German Federal Armed Forces Central Hospital Koblenz, Department for Radiology and Neuroradiology, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Matthäus Majewski
- Bundeswehr Institute for Radiobiology affiliated to Ulm University, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Anton Veit
- German Federal Armed Forces Central Hospital Koblenz, Department for Radiology and Neuroradiology, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Bastian Felix Krull
- German Federal Armed Forces Central Hospital Koblenz, Department for Radiology and Neuroradiology, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Stephan Waldeck
- German Federal Armed Forces Central Hospital Koblenz, Department for Radiology and Neuroradiology, Koblenz, Germany
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31
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Rosen E, Kryndushkin D, Aryal B, Gonzalez Y, Chehab L, Dickey J, Rao VA. Acute total body ionizing gamma radiation induces long-term adverse effects and immediate changes in cardiac protein oxidative carbonylation in the rat. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233967. [PMID: 32497067 PMCID: PMC7272027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced heart disease presents a significant challenge in the event of an accidental radiation exposure as well as to cancer patients who receive acute doses of irradiation as part of radiation therapy. We utilized the spontaneously hypertensive Wistar-Kyoto rat model, previously shown to demonstrate drug-induced cardiomyopathy, to evaluate the acute and long-term effects of sub-lethal total body gamma irradiation at two, four, and fifty-two weeks. We further examined irreversible oxidative protein carbonylation in the heart immediately following irradiation in the normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rat. Both males and females sustained weight loss and anemic conditions compared to untreated controls over a one-year period as reflected by reduced body weight and low red blood cell count. Increased inflammation was detected by elevated IL-6 serum levels selectively in males at four weeks. Serum cardiac troponin T and I analyses revealed signs of cardiomyopathy at earlier timepoints, but high variability was observed, especially at one year. Echocardiography at two weeks following 5.0Gy treatment revealed a significant decrease in cardiac output in females and a significant decrease in both diastolic and systolic volumes in males. Following 10.0Gy irradiation in the normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rat, the heart tissue showed an increase in total protein oxidative carbonylation accompanied by DNA damage indicated by an increase in γ-H2AX. Using proteomic analyses, we identified several novel proteins which showed a marked difference in carbonylation including those of mitochondrial origin and most notably, cardiac troponin T, one of the key proteins involved in cardiomyocyte contractility. Overall, we present findings of acute oxidative protein damage, DNA damage, cardiac troponin T carbonylation, and long-term cardiomyopathy in the irradiated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Rosen
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Biotechnology Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dmitry Kryndushkin
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Biotechnology Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Baikuntha Aryal
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Biotechnology Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yanira Gonzalez
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Biotechnology Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Leena Chehab
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Biotechnology Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Dickey
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Biotechnology Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - V. Ashutosh Rao
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Biotechnology Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
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32
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Implications of the complex biology and micro-environment of cardiac sarcomeres in the use of high affinity troponin antibodies as serum biomarkers for cardiac disorders. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 143:145-158. [PMID: 32442660 PMCID: PMC7235571 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac troponin I (cTnI), the inhibitory-unit, and cardiac troponin T (cTnT), the tropomyosin-binding unit together with the Ca-binding unit (cTnC) of the hetero-trimeric troponin complex signal activation of the sarcomeres of the adult cardiac myocyte. The unique structure and heart myocyte restricted expression of cTnI and cTnT led to their worldwide use as biomarkers for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) beginning more than 30 years ago. Over these years, high sensitivity antibodies (hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT) have been developed. Together with careful determination of history, physical examination, and EKG, determination of serum levels using hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT permits risk stratification of patients presenting in the Emergency Department (ED) with chest pain. With the ability to determine serum levels of these troponins with high sensitivity came the question of whether such measurements may be of diagnostic and prognostic value in conditions beyond AMI. Moreover, the finding of elevated serum troponins in physiological states such as exercise and pathological states where cardiac myocytes may be affected requires understanding of how troponins may be released into the blood and whether such release may be benign. We consider these questions by relating membrane stability to the complex biology of troponin with emphasis on its sensitivity to the chemo-mechanical and micro-environment of the cardiac myocyte. We also consider the role determinations of serum troponins play in the precise phenotyping in personalized and precision medicine approaches to promote cardiac health. Serum levels of cardiac TnI and cardiac TnT permit stratification of patients with chest pain. Release of troponins into blood involves not only frank necrosis but also programmed necroptosis. Genome wide analysis of serum troponin levels in the general population may be prognostic about cardiovascular health. Significant levels of serum troponins with exhaustive exercise may not be benign. Troponin in serum can lead to important data related to personalized and precision medicine.
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Capriotti AL, Cerrato A, Laganà A, Montone CM, Piovesana S, Zenezini Chiozzi R, Cavaliere C. Development of a Sample-Preparation Workflow for Sulfopeptide Enrichment: From Target Analysis to Challenges in Shotgun Sulfoproteomics. Anal Chem 2020; 92:7964-7971. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Laura Capriotti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Cerrato
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Laganà
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- CNR NANOTEC, Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Carmela Maria Montone
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Susy Piovesana
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Zenezini Chiozzi
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics CentrePadualaan 8Utrecht3584 CHNetherlands
| | - Chiara Cavaliere
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Giannitsis E, Mueller C, Katus HA. Skeletal myopathies as a non-cardiac cause of elevations of cardiac troponin concentrations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 6:189-201. [PMID: 31271552 DOI: 10.1515/dx-2019-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal myopathies have been suggested as a non-cardiac cause of elevations of cardiac troponin (cTn), particularly cardiac troponin T (cTnT). This is of major clinical relevance and concern as cTn plays a major role in the early diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI). While both the incidence as well as the true pathophysiology (cardiac versus non-cardiac) underlying elevations in cTn in skeletal myopathies remain largely unknown, re-expression of cTnT in regenerating adult skeletal muscle has been suggested as a possible contributor. However, unequivocal protein characterization in skeletal muscle and quantification of the relative amounts of this possible signal versus the cTn signal derived from true cardiomyocyte injury remains elusive. Alternatively, minor cross-reactivity of the cTnT (and possibly at times also cTnI) detection and capture antibodies used in current monoclonal immunoassays with the skeletal troponin T or I isoform may be considered. Both would represent "false positive" elevations from a clinical perspective and would need to be reliably differentiated from "true positive elevations" from subclinical cardiomyocyte injury not detectable by currently available imaging techniques such as echocardiography and contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which have at least a 5 times lower sensitivity for cardiomyocyte injury. This review aims to explore the currently available data, its methodological limitations and provide guidance to clinicians to avoid misinterpretation of cTn concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Mueller
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Medizinische Klinik III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Xia C, Zhou D, Su Y, Zhou G, Yao L, Sun W, Liu Y. A liquid-crystal-based immunosensor for the detection of cardiac troponin I. Analyst 2020; 145:4569-4575. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an00425a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is one of the most sensitive and specific markers of myocardial cell injury. In this study, a label-free biosensor that utilizes the birefringence property of liquid crystal (LC) for the detection of cTnI is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Xia
- Key Lab of In-fiber Integrated Optics
- Ministry Education of China
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Key Lab of In-fiber Integrated Optics
- Ministry Education of China
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Yueming Su
- Key Lab of In-fiber Integrated Optics
- Ministry Education of China
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Guangkai Zhou
- Department of head and neck surgery
- Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Lishuang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics
- Changchun Institute of Optics
- Fine Mechanics and Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130033
| | - Weimin Sun
- Key Lab of In-fiber Integrated Optics
- Ministry Education of China
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Key Lab of In-fiber Integrated Optics
- Ministry Education of China
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
- China
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Tarapan T, Musikatavorn K, Phairatwet P, Takkavatakarn K, Susantitaphong P, Eiam-Ong S, Tiranathanagul K. High sensitivity Troponin-I levels in asymptomatic hemodialysis patients. Ren Fail 2019; 41:393-400. [PMID: 31132904 PMCID: PMC6542185 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2019.1603110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduction in renal clearance and removal by hemodialysis adversely affect the level and utility of high-sensitivity troponin I (hsTnI) for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Furthermore, HD process itself might cause undesirable myocardial injury and enhance post HD hsTnI levels. This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted to compare the hsTnI levels between 100 asymptomatic HD patients and their 107 matched non-chronic kidney disease (CKD) population. The hsTnI levels in HD group were higher than non-CKD group [median (IQR): 54.3 (20.6-152.7) vs. 18 (6.2-66.1) ng/L, p < .001)]. The hsTnI levels reduced after HD process from 54.3 (20.6-152.7) ng/L in pre-HD to 27.1 (12.3-91.4) ng/L in post-HD (p = .015). Of interest, 25% of HD patients had increment of hsTnI after HD and might represent HD-induced myocardial injury. The significant risk factors were high hemoglobin level and high blood flow rate. In conclusion, the baseline hsTnI levels in asymptomatic HD patients were higher than non-CKD population. The dynamic change of hsTnI over time would be essential for the diagnosis of AMI. Certain numbers of asymptomatic HD patients had HD-induced silent myocardial injury and should be aggressively investigated to prevent further cardiovascular mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanawat Tarapan
- a Emergency Medicine Unit, Outpatient Department , King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Khrongwong Musikatavorn
- a Emergency Medicine Unit, Outpatient Department , King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society , Bangkok , Thailand.,b Emergency Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | | | - Kullaya Takkavatakarn
- d Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society and Faculty of Medicine , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Paweena Susantitaphong
- d Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society and Faculty of Medicine , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Somchai Eiam-Ong
- d Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society and Faculty of Medicine , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Khajohn Tiranathanagul
- d Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society and Faculty of Medicine , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
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He K, Wang YL, Zhu QF, Cheng LM, Feng YQ. Profiling thiol metabolites in myocardial infarction human serum by stable isotope labeling assisted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1126-1127:121738. [PMID: 31377566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial Infarction (MI) is one of the most common causes of deaths worldwide. Thiols have been reported to play a key role in physiological and pathological processes of MI. Comprehensive analysis of thiols would be conducive to fully elucidate the relation between thiols and MI. In the current study, we analyze the metabolomic differences of thiols in serum between MI patients (n = 30) and healthy controls (HCs, n = 30) by stable isotope labeling-dispersive solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-full scan-Orbitrap-mass spectrometry analysis (IL-DSPE-LC-full scan-Orbitrap MS) method. We detected 300 potential thiols in serum of MI patients and HCs, among which, 67 thiols were positively or putatively identified. Furthermore, we found that the levels of 71 thiols in serum exhibited significant difference between MI patients and HCs. In the transsulfuration pathway, we observed that Cys and Hcys were upregulated, while GSH were downregulated. Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of thiols metabolome in human serum between MI patients and HCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke He
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Ya-Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Quan-Fei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Li-Ming Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
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Abstract
The cardiac troponin complex, composed of three regulatory proteins (cTnI, cTnT, TnC), functions as the critical regulator of cardiac muscle contraction and relaxation. Myofilament protein-protein interactions are regulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs) to the protein constituents of this complex. Dysregulation of troponin PTMs, particularly phosphorylation, results in altered cardiac contractility. Altered PTMs and isoforms have been increasingly recognized as the molecular mechanisms underlying heart diseases. Therefore, it is essential to comprehensively analyze cardiac troponin proteoforms that arise from PTMs, alternative splicing, and sequence variations. In this chapter, we described two detailed protocols for the enrichment and purification of endogenous cardiac troponin proteoforms from cardiac tissue. Subsequently, mass spectrometry (MS)-based top-down proteomics utilizing online liquid chromatography (LC)/quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) MS for separation, profiling, and quantification of the troponins was demonstrated. Characterization of troponin amino acid sequence and the localization of PTMs were shown using Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) MS with electron capture dissociation (ECD) and collisionally activated dissociation (CAD). Furthermore, we described the use of MASH software, a comprehensive and free software package developed in our lab, for top-down proteomics data analysis. The methods we described can be applied for the analysis of troponin proteoforms in cardiac tissues, from animal models to human clinical samples, for heart disease.
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Regan B, Boyle F, O'Kennedy R, Collins D. Evaluation of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Point-of-Care Testing for Cardiovascular Disease. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E3485. [PMID: 31395843 PMCID: PMC6720456 DOI: 10.3390/s19163485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imprinting is a rapidly growing area of interest involving the synthesis of artificial recognition elements that enable the separation of analyte from a sample matrix and its determination. Traditionally, this approach can be successfully applied to small analyte (<1.5 kDa) separation/ extraction, but, more recently it is finding utility in biomimetic sensors. These sensors consist of a recognition element and a transducer similar to their biosensor counterparts, however, the fundamental distinction is that biomimetic sensors employ an artificial recognition element. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) employed as the recognition elements in biomimetic sensors contain binding sites complementary in shape and functionality to their target analyte. Despite the growing interest in molecularly imprinting techniques, the commercial adoption of this technology is yet to be widely realised for blood sample analysis. This review aims to assess the applicability of this technology for the point-of-care testing (POCT) of cardiovascular disease-related biomarkers. More specifically, molecular imprinting is critically evaluated with respect to the detection of cardiac biomarkers indicative of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), such as the cardiac troponins (cTns). The challenges associated with the synthesis of MIPs for protein detection are outlined, in addition to enhancement techniques that ultimately improve the analytical performance of biomimetic sensors. The mechanism of detection employed to convert the analyte concentration into a measurable signal in biomimetic sensors will be discussed. Furthermore, the analytical performance of these sensors will be compared with biosensors and their potential implementation within clinical settings will be considered. In addition, the most suitable application of these sensors for cardiovascular assessment will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Regan
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Fiona Boyle
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Richard O'Kennedy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Research Complex, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - David Collins
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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Damen SAJ, Vroemen WHM, Brouwer MA, Mezger STP, Suryapranata H, van Royen N, Bekers O, Meex SJR, Wodzig WKWH, Verheugt FWA, de Boer D, Cramer GE, Mingels AMA. Multi-Site Coronary Vein Sampling Study on Cardiac Troponin T Degradation in Non-ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Toward a More Specific Cardiac Troponin T Assay. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012602. [PMID: 31269858 PMCID: PMC6662151 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Cardiac troponin T ( cTnT ) is seen in many other conditions besides myocardial infarction, and recent studies demonstrated distinct forms of cTnT . At present, the in vivo formation of these different cTnT forms is incompletely understood. We therefore performed a study on the composition of cTnT during the course of myocardial infarction, including coronary venous system sampling, close to its site of release. Methods and Results Baseline samples were obtained from multiple coronary venous system locations, and a peripheral artery and vein in 71 non- ST -segment-elevation myocardial infarction patients. Additionally, peripheral blood was drawn at 6- and 12-hours postcatheterization. cTnT concentrations were measured using the high-sensitivity- cTnT immunoassay. The cTnT composition was determined via gel filtration chromatography and Western blotting in an early and late presenting patient. High-sensitivity - cTnT concentrations were 28% higher in the coronary venous system than peripherally (n=71, P<0.001). Coronary venous system samples demonstrated cT n T-I-C complex, free intact cTnT , and 29 kD a and 15 to 18 kD a cTnT fragments, all in higher concentrations than in simultaneously obtained peripheral samples. While cT n T-I-C complex proportionally decreased, and disappeared over time, 15 to 18 kD a cTnT fragments increased. Moreover, cT n T-I-C complex was more prominent in the early than in the late presenting patient. Conclusions This explorative study in non- ST -segment-elevation myocardial infarction shows that cTnT is released from cardiomyocytes as a combination of cT n T-I-C complex, free intact cTnT , and multiple cTnT fragments indicating intracellular cTnT degradation. Over time, the cT n T-I-C complex disappeared because of in vivo degradation. These insights might serve as a stepping stone toward a high-sensitivity- cTnT immunoassay more specific for myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander A. J. Damen
- Department of CardiologyRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Wim H. M. Vroemen
- Central Diagnostic LaboratoryMaastricht University Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular DiseasesMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Marc A. Brouwer
- Department of CardiologyRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Stephanie T. P. Mezger
- Central Diagnostic LaboratoryMaastricht University Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular DiseasesMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Harry Suryapranata
- Department of CardiologyRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Niels van Royen
- Department of CardiologyRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Otto Bekers
- Central Diagnostic LaboratoryMaastricht University Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular DiseasesMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Steven J. R. Meex
- Central Diagnostic LaboratoryMaastricht University Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular DiseasesMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Will K. W. H. Wodzig
- Central Diagnostic LaboratoryMaastricht University Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular DiseasesMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Freek W. A. Verheugt
- Department of CardiologyRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Douwe de Boer
- Central Diagnostic LaboratoryMaastricht University Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular DiseasesMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - G. Etienne Cramer
- Department of CardiologyRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Alma M. A. Mingels
- Central Diagnostic LaboratoryMaastricht University Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular DiseasesMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
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Hof D, von Eckardstein A. High-Sensitivity Troponin Assays in Clinical Diagnostics of Acute Coronary Syndrome. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1929:645-662. [PMID: 30710302 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9030-6_40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, measurement of cardiac troponins (cTn) in patient plasma is central for diagnosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). High-sensitivity (hs) immunoassays have been developed that can very precisely record slightly elevated and rising plasma concentrations of cTn very early after onset of clinical symptoms. Algorithms integrate measurements of hs-cTn at onset of clinical symptoms of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and 1 or 3 h after onset, to rule-in and rule-out AMI patients. More and more point-of-care (POC) cTn assays conquer the diagnostic market, but thorough clinical validation studies are required before potential implementation of such POC tests into hospital settings. This review provides an overview of the technical aspects, as well as diagnostic and prognostic use of cardiac troponins in AMI patients and in the healthy population.
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Gaze DC. Cardiac Troponin in Endurance Exercise-Fragments of the Imagination or Clinical Significance? J Appl Lab Med 2018; 3:760-763. [PMID: 31639751 DOI: 10.1373/jalm.2018.027870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David C Gaze
- School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK.
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Hwang SY, Choi JK. Simultaneous Detection of Phosphoproteins and Total Proteins in SDS-PAGE Using Calcon. ANAL SCI 2018; 34:1427-1432. [PMID: 30224566 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.18p298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel fluorescent staining protocol to detect phosphoproteins in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels using a fluorescence sensor, 1-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylazo)-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid sodium salt (Calcon), was developed. This method yields results within 135 min, with the sensitivities of 15 ng of α-casein and β-casein, and 62.5 ng of κ-casein, respectively. Since non-phosphoproteins have shown negative signals that are distinctly different from positive signals of phosphoproteins, this detection method allows one to monitor phosphoproteins with high specificity. Furthermore, a total protein profile can be achieved before a destaining step using a scanner with rapid and low-cost without further total protein staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University
| | - Jung-Kap Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University
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Broz P, Rajdl D, Novak J, Hromadka M, Racek J, Trefil L, Zeman V. High-sensitivity Troponins after a Standardized 2-hour Treadmill Run. J Med Biochem 2018; 37:364-372. [PMID: 30598634 PMCID: PMC6298465 DOI: 10.1515/jomb-2017-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to examine high-sensitivity troponin T and I (hsTnT and hsTnI) after a treadmill run under laboratory conditions and to find a possible connection with echocardiographic, laboratory and other assessed parameters. METHODS Nineteen trained men underwent a standardized 2-hour-long treadmill run. Concentrations of hsTnT and hsTnI were assessed before the run, 60, 120 and 180 minutes after the start and 24 hours after the run. Changes in troponins were tested using non-parametric analysis of variance (ANOVA). The multiple linear regression model was used to find the explanatory variables for hsTnT and hsTnI changes. Values of troponins were evaluated using the 0h/1h algorithm. RESULTS Changes in hsTnT and hsTnI levels were statistically significant (p<0.0001 and p<0.0001, respectively). In a multiple regression model (adjusted R2: 0.60, p=0.005 for hsTnT and adjusted R2: 0.60, p=0.005 for hsTnI), changes in both troponins can be explained by relative left wall thickness (LV), training volume, body temperature after the run and creatinine changes. According to the 0h/1h algorithm, none of the runners was evaluated as negative. CONCLUSIONS Relative LV wall thickness, creatinine changes, training volume and body temperature after the run can predict changes in hsTnT and hsTnI levels. When medical attention is needed after physical exercise, hsTn levels should be tested only when clinical suspicion and the patient's history indicate a high probability of myocardial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Broz
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Haematology, University Hospital in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Rajdl
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Haematology, University Hospital in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Novak
- Department of Sports Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Hromadka
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Racek
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Haematology, University Hospital in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Trefil
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Haematology, University Hospital in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Zeman
- Department of Sports Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Streng AS, van der Linden N, Kocken JMM, Bekers O, Bouwman FG, Mariman ECM, Meex SJR, Wodzig WKWH, de Boer D. Mass Spectrometric Identification of Cardiac Troponin T in Urine of Patients Suffering from Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Appl Lab Med 2018; 2:857-867. [PMID: 33636816 DOI: 10.1373/jalm.2017.024224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of its high cardiospecificity, cardiac troponin T (cTnT) is one of the first-choice biomarkers to diagnose acute myocardial infarction (AMI). cTnT is extensively fragmented in serum of patients suffering from AMI. However, it is currently unknown whether all cTnT is completely degraded in the body or whether some cTnT fragments can leave the body via urine. The aim of the present study is to develop a method for the detection of cTnT in urine and to examine whether cTnT is detectable in patient urine. METHODS Proteins in urine samples of 20 patients were precipitated using a cTnT-specific immunoprecipitation technique and a nonspecific acetonitrile protein precipitation. After in-solution digestion of the precipitated proteins, the resulting peptides were separated and analyzed using HPLC and mass spectrometry with a targeted selected ion monitoring assay with data-dependent tandem mass spectrometry (t-SIM/dd-MS2). RESULTS The t-SIM/dd-MS2 assay was validated using a synthetic peptide standard containing 10 specific cTnT peptides of interest and with purified human intact cTnT spiked in urine from healthy individuals. Using this assay, 6 different cTnT-specific peptides were identified in urine samples from 3 different patients, all suffering from AMI. CONCLUSIONS We show here for the first time that cTnT can be present in the urine of AMI patients using a targeted LC-MS/MS assay. Whether the presence of cTnT in urine reflects a physiological or pathophysiological process still needs to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Streng
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Noreen van der Linden
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jordy M M Kocken
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Otto Bekers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Freek G Bouwman
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin C M Mariman
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Steven J R Meex
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Will K W H Wodzig
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Douwe de Boer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Árnadóttir Á, Vestergaard KR, Pallisgaard J, Sölétormos G, Steffensen R, Goetze JP, Iversen K. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T is superior to troponin I in the prediction of mortality in patients without acute coronary syndrome. Int J Cardiol 2018; 259:186-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.01.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Sensitive Cardiac Troponins: Could They Be New Biomarkers in Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Congenital Heart Disease? Pediatr Cardiol 2018; 39:718-725. [PMID: 29340731 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-018-1811-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To analyze the role of sensitive cardiac troponin I (scTnI) and high-sensitive troponin T (hscTnT) in the determination of myocardial injury caused by volume and pressure load due to pulmonary hypertension (PH) and to investigate if these markers may be useful in the management of PH in childhood. Twenty-eight patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) with left to right shunt and PH, 29 patients with CHD with left to right shunt but without PH, and 18 healthy children, in total 75 individuals, were included in the study. All cases were aged between 4 and 36 months. Echocardiographic evaluation was performed in all cases, and invasive hemodynamic investigation was performed in 33 cases. Blood samples were obtained from all cases, for the measurement of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), pro-brain natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP), sensitive cardiac troponin I (scTnI), and high-sensitive troponin T (hscTnT) levels. The mean BNP, pro-BNP, scTnI, and hsTnT levels were statistically significantly higher in patients with PH than in the patients without PH (p < 0.001). A statistically significant positive correlation was determined between pulmonary artery systolic pressure and scTnI and hscTnT levels (r = 0.34 p = 0.01, r = 0.46 p < 0.001, respectively) levels. Pulmonary hypertension determined in congenital heart diseases triggers myocardial damage independently of increased volume or pressure load and resistance, occurring by disrupting the perfusion via increasing ventricular wall tension and the myocardial oxygen requirement. Serum scTnI and hscTnT levels may be helpful markers to determine the damage associated with PH in childhood.
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48
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Schneck NA, Phinney KW, Lee SB, Lowenthal MS. Quantification of cardiac troponin I in human plasma by immunoaffinity enrichment and targeted mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:2805-2813. [PMID: 29492621 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0960-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), a protein biomarker used for diagnosing myocardial infarction, has been achieved in native patient plasma based on an immunoaffinity enrichment strategy and isotope dilution (ID) liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. The key steps in the workflow involved isolating cTnI from plasma using anti-cTnI antibody coupled to magnetic nanoparticles, followed by an enzymatic digestion with trypsin. Three tryptic peptides from cTnI were monitored and used for quantification by ID-LC-MS/MS via multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Measurements were performed using a matrix-matched calibration system. NIST SRM 2921 Human Cardiac Troponin Complex acted as the calibrant and a full-length isotopically labeled protein analog of cTnI was used as an internal standard. The method was successfully demonstrated on five patient plasma samples, with cTnI concentrations measuring between 4.86 μg/L and 11.3 μg/L (signifying moderate myocardial infarctions). LC-MS/MS measurement precision was validated by three unique peptides from cTnI and two MRM transitions per peptide. Relative standard deviation (CV) from the five plasma samples was determined to be ≤14.3%. This study has demonstrated that quantification of cTnI in native plasma from myocardial infarction patients can be achieved based on an ID-LC-MS/MS method. The development of an ID-LC-MS/MS method for cTnI in plasma is a first step for future certification of matrix-based reference materials, which may be used to help harmonize discordant cTnI clinical assays. Graphical abstract A schematic of the workflow for measuring cardiac troponin I (cTnI), a low-abundant protein biomarker used for diagnosing myocardial infarction, in human plasma by isotope-dilution LC-MS/MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Schneck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8314, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Karen W Phinney
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8314, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Sang Bok Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - Mark S Lowenthal
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8314, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
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Zhang M, An B, Qu Y, Shen S, Fu W, Chen YJ, Wang X, Young R, Canty JM, Balthasar JP, Murphy K, Bhattacharyya D, Josephs J, Ferrari L, Zhou S, Bansal S, Vazvaei F, Qu J. Sensitive, High-Throughput, and Robust Trapping-Micro-LC-MS Strategy for the Quantification of Biomarkers and Antibody Biotherapeutics. Anal Chem 2018; 90:1870-1880. [PMID: 29276835 PMCID: PMC5960441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
For LC-MS-based targeted quantification of biotherapeutics and biomarkers in clinical and pharmaceutical environments, high sensitivity, high throughput, and excellent robustness are all essential but remain challenging. For example, though nano-LC-MS has been employed to enhance analytical sensitivity, it falls short because of its low loading capacity, poor throughput, and low operational robustness. Furthermore, high chemical noise in protein bioanalysis typically limits the sensitivity. Here we describe a novel trapping-micro-LC-MS (T-μLC-MS) strategy for targeted protein bioanalysis, which achieves high sensitivity with exceptional robustness and high throughput. A rapid, high-capacity trapping of biological samples is followed by μLC-MS analysis; dynamic sample trapping and cleanup are performed using pH, column chemistry, and fluid mechanics separate from the μLC-MS analysis, enabling orthogonality, which contributes to the reduction of chemical noise and thus results in improved sensitivity. Typically, the selective-trapping and -delivery approach strategically removes >85% of the matrix peptides and detrimental components, markedly enhancing sensitivity, throughput, and operational robustness, and narrow-window-isolation selected-reaction monitoring further improves the signal-to-noise ratio. In addition, unique LC-hardware setups and flow approaches eliminate gradient shock and achieve effective peak compression, enabling highly sensitive analyses of plasma or tissue samples without band broadening. In this study, the quantification of 10 biotherapeutics and biomarkers in plasma and tissues was employed for method development. As observed, a significant sensitivity gain (up to 25-fold) compared with that of conventional LC-MS was achieved, although the average run time was only 8 min/sample. No appreciable peak deterioration or loss of sensitivity was observed after >1500 injections of tissue and plasma samples. The developed method enabled, for the first time, ultrasensitive LC-MS quantification of low levels of a monoclonal antibody and antigen in a tumor and cardiac troponin I in plasma after brief cardiac ischemia. This strategy is valuable when highly sensitive protein quantification in large sample sets is required, as is often the case in typical biomarker validation and pharmaceutical investigations of antibody therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Bo An
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Yang Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Shichen Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
- Department of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yuan-Ju Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Rebeccah Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Western New York Department of Veterans of Affairs Medical Center, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - John M Canty
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Western New York Department of Veterans of Affairs Medical Center, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Joseph P Balthasar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
| | - Keeley Murphy
- Thermo Scientific, San Jose, California 95134, United States
| | | | | | - Luca Ferrari
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel CH-4070, Switzerland
| | - Shaolian Zhou
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel CH-4070, Switzerland
| | - Surendra Bansal
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Faye Vazvaei
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
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Mingels AMA, Kimenai DM. Sex-Related Aspects of Biomarkers in Cardiac Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1065:545-564. [PMID: 30051406 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77932-4_33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers play an important role in the clinical management of cardiac care. In particular, cardiac troponins (cTn) and natriuretic peptides are the cornerstones for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and for the diagnosis of heart failure (HF), respectively. Current guidelines do not make a distinction between women and men. However, the commonly used "one size fits all" algorithms are topic of debate to improve assessment of prognosis, particularly in women. Due to the high-sensitivity assays (hs-cTn), lower cTn levels (and 99th percentile upper reference limits) were observed in women as compared with men. Sex-specific diagnostic thresholds may improve the diagnosis of AMI in women, though clinical relevance remains controversial and more trials are needed. Also other diagnostic aspects are under investigation, like combined biomarkers approach and rapid measurement strategies. For the natriuretic peptides, previous studies observed higher concentrations in women than in men, especially in premenopausal women who might benefit from the cardioprotective actions. Contrary to hs-cTn, natriuretic peptides are particularly incorporated in the ruling-out algorithms for the diagnosis of HF and not ruling-in. Clinical relevance of sex differences here seems marginal, as clinical research has shown that negative predictive values for ruling-out HF were hardly effected when applying a universal diagnostic threshold that is independent from sex or other risk factors. Apart from the diagnostic issues of AMI in women, we believe that in the future most sex-specific benefits of cardiac biomarkers can be obtained in patient follow-up (guiding therapy) and prognostic applications, fitting modern ideas on preventive and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma M A Mingels
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Dorien M Kimenai
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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