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Zhao W, He A, Zou P. Genetic association between the lncRNA ANRIL rs10757272 polymorphism and intracranial aneurysm susceptibility in Asians. Neurosurg Rev 2022; 46:15. [PMID: 36512102 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-022-01927-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Current epidemiological studies reporting the role of lncRNA ANRIL rs10757272 polymorphism and intracranial aneurysm risk remain controversial. In the present study, we conducted a meta-analysis to resolve this inconsistency. PubMed and EMBASE databases were retrieved to collect the publications evaluating the association with a time limit of August 20, 2021. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the strength of the association. Subgroup analysis, heterogeneity analyses, and publication bias were assessed in the meta-analysis. Finally, 2853 cases and 13,426 controls were enrolled in this meta-analysis based on inclusion criteria. The pooled results indicated that the rs10757272 polymorphism is significantly associated with the risk of intracranial aneurysms in all genetic models (homozygous model, odds ratio (OR) = 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.28-1.71, Pheterogeneity = 0.11, I2 = 50.9; heterozygous model, OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.09-1.46, Pheterogeneity = 0.15, I2 = 42.8; dominant model, OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.19-1.57, Pheterogeneity = 0.12, I2 = 48.1; and recessive model, OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.13-1.34, Pheterogeneity = 0.24, I2 = 28.8). Subgroup analyses showed consistent results. In conclusion, our findings provided evidence that the rs10757272 polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to intracranial aneurysms in Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuhuangding Hospital of Yantai, Peng Zou, No. 20, Yuhuangding East Road, Zhifu District, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Aijie He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuhuangding Hospital of Yantai, Peng Zou, No. 20, Yuhuangding East Road, Zhifu District, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuhuangding Hospital of Yantai, Peng Zou, No. 20, Yuhuangding East Road, Zhifu District, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China.
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Genetic Association Study and Machine Learning to Investigate Differences in Platelet Reactivity in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Treated with Aspirin. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102564. [PMID: 36289824 PMCID: PMC9599820 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspirin resistance (AR) is a pressing problem in current ischemic stroke care. Although the role of genetic variations is widely considered, the data still remain controversial. Our aim was to investigate the contribution of genetic features to laboratory AR measured through platelet aggregation with arachidonic acid (AA) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in ischemic stroke patients. A total of 461 patients were enrolled. Platelet aggregation was measured via light transmission aggregometry. Eighteen single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ITGB3, GPIBA, TBXA2R, ITGA2, PLA2G7, HMOX1, PTGS1, PTGS2, ADRA2A, ABCB1 and PEAR1 genes and the intergenic 9p21.3 region were determined using low-density biochips. We found an association of rs1330344 in the PTGS1 gene with AR and AA-induced platelet aggregation. Rs4311994 in ADRA2A gene also affected AA-induced aggregation, and rs4523 in the TBXA2R gene and rs12041331 in the PEAR1 gene influenced ADP-induced aggregation. Furthermore, the effect of rs1062535 in the ITGA2 gene on NIHSS dynamics during 10 days of treatment was found. The best machine learning (ML) model for AR based on clinical and genetic factors was characterized by AUC = 0.665 and F1-score = 0.628. In conclusion, the association study showed that PTGS1, ADRA2A, TBXA2R and PEAR1 polymorphisms may affect laboratory AR. However, the ML model demonstrated the predominant influence of clinical features.
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Myocardial ischemia and its complications. Cardiovasc Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822224-9.00022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Yu T, Jiang H, Fan Y, Xu Y, Wang N. The association of CDKN2BAS gene polymorphisms and intracranial aneurysm: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23209. [PMID: 33285697 PMCID: PMC7717858 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is one of the main causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) leading to a high percentage of disability and mortality worldwide. In addition to environmental factors, the risk of rupture or prognosis of intracranial aneurysm is also closely related to gene. Thus, a lot of genetic studies have been used to explore associated risk genes as well as variant loci of intracranial aneurysm and found several chromosome variates including 9p21.3 (CDKN2BAS) related to Intracranial aneurysm. However, due to differences in population and the existence of SNP, it is still not determined that whether these genetic changes can be identified as independent risk factors for intracranial aneurysm. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis of CDKN2BAS SNPs to explore its association with intracranial aneurysms and the results show a significance relation between rs10757272, rs1333040, and rs6475606 with intracranial aneurysm. This will open a new perspective for future intracranial aneurysm gene research and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tiantai People's Hospital, Taizhou
| | - Hailong Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tiantai People's Hospital, Taizhou
| | - Yunren Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tiantai People's Hospital, Taizhou
| | - Yunfeng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tiantai People's Hospital, Taizhou
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji City, Zhejiang Province, PR China
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Huang K, Zhong J, Li Q, Zhang W, Chen Z, Zhou Y, Wu M, Zhong Z, Lu S, Zhang S. Effects of CDKN2B-AS1 polymorphisms on the susceptibility to coronary heart disease. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e955. [PMID: 31496134 PMCID: PMC6825846 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the most severe cardiovascular diseases. Cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 2B antisense RNA 1 (CDKN2B‐AS1) is a significant susceptibility locus for cardiovascular disease by regulating inflammation response and cell cycle. The aim of this study was to assess whether CDKN2B‐AS1 polymorphisms are associated with CHD risk in the Chinese Han population. Methods A total of 501 CHD patients and 496 healthy controls were recruited from Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, five CDKN2B‐AS1 polymorphisms (rs10115049, rs75227345, rs2383205, rs10738606, and rs1333049) were analyzed by the Agena MassARRAY platform. The association of CDKN2B‐AS1 polymorphisms and CHD risk was determined by odd ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using logistic regression. Results CDKN2B‐AS1 rs10738606 was significantly associated with CHD under codominant (p = .03), dominant (p = .019), recessive (p = .010), additive (p = .003), and allele (p = .003) models. Gender‐based subgroup tests showed that four polymorphisms (rs75227345, rs2383205, rs10738606 and rs1333049) were associated with CHD in males (p < .05). And age‐based subgroup tests indicated that rs2383205 and rs10738606 were associated with CHD among individuals, respectively (p < .05). For CHD patients, rs1333049 decreased the risk of diabetes under heterozygote (p = .014) and dominant (p = .024) models. Conclusions In conclusion, CDKN2B‐AS1 polymorphisms were associated with CHD risk in the combined or subgroup tests, suggesting an important role of CDKN2B‐AS1 in CHD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Haikou People's Hospital, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Jianghua Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Haikou People's Hospital, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Haikou People's Hospital, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Haikou People's Hospital, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Zibin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Haikou People's Hospital, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Yilei Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Haikou People's Hospital, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Miao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Haikou People's Hospital, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Zanrui Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Haikou People's Hospital, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Shijuan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Haikou People's Hospital, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Shufang Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Haikou People's Hospital, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
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Leon-Mimila P, Wang J, Huertas-Vazquez A. Relevance of Multi-Omics Studies in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:91. [PMID: 31380393 PMCID: PMC6656333 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death around the world. Despite the larger number of genes and loci identified, the precise mechanisms by which these genes influence risk of cardiovascular disease is not well understood. Recent advances in the development and optimization of high-throughput technologies for the generation of “omics data” have provided a deeper understanding of the processes and dynamic interactions involved in human diseases. However, the integrative analysis of “omics” data is not straightforward and represents several logistic and computational challenges. In spite of these difficulties, several studies have successfully applied integrative genomics approaches for the investigation of novel mechanisms and plasma biomarkers involved in cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarized recent studies aimed to understand the molecular framework of these diseases using multi-omics data from mice and humans. We discuss examples of omics studies for cardiovascular diseases focused on the integration of genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. This review also describes current gaps in the study of complex diseases using systems genetics approaches as well as potential limitations and future directions of this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Leon-Mimila
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jessica Wang
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Adriana Huertas-Vazquez
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Choi SY, Shin E, Choe EK, Park B, Lee H, Park HE, Lee JE, Choi SH. Genome-wide association study of coronary artery calcification in asymptomatic Korean populations. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214370. [PMID: 30921371 PMCID: PMC6438465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic evidence indicates that the prevalence and severity of coronary artery disease vary depending on ethnicity. In this study, a genome-wide association study for coronary artery calcification (CAC) was performed in a Korean population-based sample of 400 subjects without prior coronary artery disease and replicated in another of 1,288 subjects. CAC score, as assessed by multi-detector computed tomography, was evaluated in volunteers for screening purposes as part of a routine health examination. CAC score greater than the 90th percentile across the age in each sex group was considered severe CAC. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with severe CAC after adjusting for age, sex, hypertension, and diabetes were investigated using the additive model of logistic regression. One SNP (rs10757272 in the intronic region of the CDKN2B-AS1 gene in chromosome 9p21.3) met Bonferroni correction in the discovery set (p = 7.55E-08) and was also significant in the validation set by TaqMan assay (p = 0.036). Subjects with rs10757272 were found to have an increased odds ratio (OR) of having severe CAC in multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusting for age, sex, hypertension, and diabetes (adjusted OR 3.24 and 95% CI 2.11–4.97). In conclusion, SNP rs10757272 in chromosome 9p21.3 was associated with severe CAC based on age and sex in an asymptomatic community-based Korean population. Therefore, it was associated with promotion of coronary artery calcification in subclinical state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yeon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (SYC); (SHC)
| | | | - Eun Kyung Choe
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boram Park
- Department of Public Health Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heesun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Eun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Seung Ho Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (SYC); (SHC)
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8
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Holdt LM, Teupser D. Long Noncoding RNA ANRIL: Lnc-ing Genetic Variation at the Chromosome 9p21 Locus to Molecular Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:145. [PMID: 30460243 PMCID: PMC6232298 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ever since the first genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on coronary artery disease (CAD), the Chr9p21 risk locus has emerged as a top signal in GWAS of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, including stroke and peripheral artery disease. The CAD risk SNPs on Chr9p21 lie within a stretch of 58 kilobases of non-protein-coding DNA, containing the gene body of the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) antisense non coding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL). How risk is affected by the Chr9p21 locus in molecular detail is a matter of ongoing research. Here we will review recent advances in the understanding that ANRIL serves as a key risk effector molecule of atherogenesis at the locus. One focus of this review is the shift in understanding that genetic variation at Chr9p21 not only affects the abundance of ANRIL, and in some cases expression of the adjacent CDKN2A/B tumor suppressors, but also impacts ANRIL splicing, such that 3′-5′-linked circular noncoding ANRIL RNA species are produced. We describe how the balance of linear and circular ANRIL RNA, determined by the Chr9p21 genotype, regulates molecular pathways and cellular functions involved in atherogenesis. We end with an outlook on how manipulating circular ANRIL abundance may be exploited for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesca M Holdt
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Teupser
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Lin
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (J.L.) and Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.L.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (K.M.)
| | - Kiran Musunuru
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (J.L.) and Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.L.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (K.M.)
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10
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Lin J, Musunuru K. From Genotype to Phenotype: A Primer on the Functional Follow-up of Genome-Wide Association Studies in Cardiovascular Disease. CIRCULATION. GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2018; 11:e001946. [PMID: 29915816 PMCID: PMC6003539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have implicated many human genomic loci in the development of complex traits. The loci identified by these studies are potentially involved in novel pathways that contribute to disease pathophysiology. However, eventual therapeutic targeting of these pathways relies on bridging the gap between genetic association and function, a task that first requires validation of causal genetic variants, casual genes, and directionality of effect. Executing this task requires basic knowledge of interpreting GWAS results and prioritizing candidates for further study, in addition to understanding the experimental methods available for evaluating candidate variants. Here we review the basic genetic principles of genome-wide association studies, the computational and experimental tools used for identifying causal variants and genes, and salient illustrative examples of how cardiovascular loci have undergone functional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Lin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Kiran Musunuru
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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11
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Dostálová G, Bělohlávek J, Hlubocká Z, Bayerová K, Bobčiková P, Kvasnička T, Kvasnička J, Linhart A, Karetová D. Multiple thrombophilia mutations as a possible cause of premature myocardial infarction. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2017; 129:503-508. [DOI: 10.1007/s00508-017-1193-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Abstract
Genetic factors contribute importantly to the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), and in the past decade, there has been major progress in this area. The tools applied include genome-wide association studies encompassing >200,000 individuals complemented by bioinformatic approaches, including 1000 Genomes imputation, expression quantitative trait locus analyses, and interrogation of Encyclopedia of DNA Elements, Roadmap, and other data sets. close to 60 common SNPs (minor allele frequency>0.05) associated with CAD risk and reaching genome-wide significance (P<5 × 10(-8)) have been identified. Furthermore, a total of 202 independent signals in 109 loci have achieved a false discovery rate (q<0.05) and together explain 28% of the estimated heritability of CAD. These data have been used successfully to create genetic risk scores that can improve risk prediction beyond conventional risk factors and identify those individuals who will benefit most from statin therapy. Such information also has important applications in clinical medicine and drug discovery by using a Mendelian randomization approach to interrogate the causal nature of many factors found to associate with CAD risk in epidemiological studies. In contrast to genome-wide association studies, whole-exome sequencing has provided valuable information directly relevant to genes with known roles in plasma lipoprotein metabolism but has, thus far, failed to identify other rare coding variants linked to CAD. Overall, recent studies have led to a broader understanding of the genetic architecture of CAD and demonstrate that it largely derives from the cumulative effect of multiple common risk alleles individually of small effect size rather than rare variants with large effects on CAD risk. Despite this success, there has been limited progress in understanding the function of the novel loci; the majority of which are in noncoding regions of the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth McPherson
- From the Department of Medicine, Atherogenomics Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.M.); and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.T.-H.).
| | - Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen
- From the Department of Medicine, Atherogenomics Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.M.); and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.T.-H.)
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13
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Schwertz H, Rondina MT. Cdkn2a
Orchestrates Platelet Production and Reactivity in Atherosclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 9:203-5. [DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.116.001479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hansjörg Schwertz
- From the Molecular Medicine Program (H.S., M.T.R.), Departments of Internal Medicine and Surgery (M.T.R.), and Division of Vascular Surgery (H.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; and Department of Internal Medicine, George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (M.T.R.)
| | - Matthew T. Rondina
- From the Molecular Medicine Program (H.S., M.T.R.), Departments of Internal Medicine and Surgery (M.T.R.), and Division of Vascular Surgery (H.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; and Department of Internal Medicine, George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (M.T.R.)
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14
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Wang W, Oh S, Koester M, Abramowicz S, Wang N, Tall AR, Welch CL. Enhanced Megakaryopoiesis and Platelet Activity in Hypercholesterolemic, B6-Ldlr-/-, Cdkn2a-Deficient Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 9:213-22. [PMID: 27098250 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.115.001294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies for coronary artery disease/myocardial infarction revealed a 58 kb risk locus on 9p21.3. Refined genetic analyses revealed unique haplotype blocks conferring susceptibility to atherosclerosis per se versus risk for acute complications in the presence of underlying coronary artery disease. The cell proliferation inhibitor locus, CDKN2A, maps just upstream of the myocardial infarction risk block, is at least partly regulated by the noncoding RNA, ANRIL, overlapping the risk block, and has been associated with platelet counts in humans. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that CDKN2A deficiency predisposes to increased platelet production, leading to increased platelet activation in the setting of hypercholesterolemia. METHODS AND RESULTS Platelet production and activation were measured in B6-Ldlr(-/-)Cdkn2a(+/-) mice and a congenic strain carrying the region of homology with the human 9p21.3/CDKN2A locus. The strains exhibit decreased expression of CDKN2A (both p16(INK4a) and p19(ARF)) but not CDKN2B (p15(INK4b)). Compared with B6-Ldlr(-/-) controls, both Cdkn2a-deficient strains exhibited increased platelet counts and bone marrow megakaryopoiesis. The platelet overproduction phenotype was reversed by treatment with cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor, PD0332991/palbociclib, that mimics the endogenous effect of p16(INK4a). Western diet feeding resulted in increased platelet activation, increased thrombin/antithrombin complex, and decreased bleeding times in Cdkn2a-deficient mice compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Together, the data suggest that one or more Cdkn2a transcripts modulate platelet production and activity in the setting of hypercholesterolemia, amenable to pharmaceutical intervention. Enhanced platelet production and activation may predispose to arterial thrombosis, suggesting an explanation, at least in part, for the association of 9p21.3 and myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Seon Oh
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Mark Koester
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Sandra Abramowicz
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Nan Wang
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Alan R Tall
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Carrie L Welch
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY.
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15
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Matsuoka R, Abe S, Tokoro F, Arai M, Noda T, Watanabe S, Horibe H, Fujimaki T, Oguri M, Kato K, Minatoguchi S, Yamada Y. Association of six genetic variants with myocardial infarction. Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:1451-9. [PMID: 25738804 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although various genes that confer susceptibility to myocardial infarction (MI) have been identified for Caucasian populations in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), genetic variants related to this condition in Japanese individuals have not been identified definitively. The aim of the present study was to examine an association of MI in Japanese individuals with 29 polymorphisms identified as susceptibility loci for MI or coronary artery disease in Caucasian populations by meta-analyses of GWAS. The study subjects comprised 1,824 subjects with MI and 2,329 controls. Genotypes of the polymorphisms were determined by Luminex bead-based multiplex assay. To compensate for multiple comparisons, we adopted the criterion of a false discovery rate (FDR) of <0.05 for statistical significance for association. Comparisons of allele frequencies by the χ(2) test revealed that rs9369640 of the phosphatase and actin regulator 1 gene (PHACTR1, FDR=0.0007), rs4977574 of the CDKN2B antisense RNA 1 gene (CDKN2B-AS1, FDR=0.0038), rs264 of the lipoprotein lipase gene (LPL, FDR=0.0061), rs599839 of the proline/serine-rich coiled-coil 1 gene (PSRC1, FDR=0.0118), rs9319428 of the fms-related tyrosine kinase 1 gene (FLT1, FDR=0.0118) and rs12413409 of the cyclin and CBS domain divalent metal cation transport mediator 2 gene (CNNM2, FDR=0.0300) were significantly associated with MI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with adjustment for covariates revealed that rs9369640 (P=0.0005; odds ratio, 0.89), rs4977574 (P=0.0001; odds ratio, 1.50), rs264 (P=0.0405; odds ratio, 0.85), rs599839 (P=0.0003; odds ratio, 0.68), rs9319428 (P=0.0155; odds ratio, 1.20) and rs12413409 (P=0.0076; odds ratio, 0.66) were significantly (P<0.05) associated with MI. PHACTR1, CDKN2B-AS1, LPL, PSRC1, FLT1 and CNNM2 may thus be susceptibility loci for MI in Japanese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Matsuoka
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center, Gifu 500-8717, Japan
| | - Shintaro Abe
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center, Gifu 500-8717, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Tokoro
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center, Gifu 500-8717, Japan
| | - Masazumi Arai
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center, Gifu 500-8717, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Noda
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center, Gifu 500-8717, Japan
| | - Sachiro Watanabe
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center, Gifu 500-8717, Japan
| | - Hideki Horibe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gifu Prefectural Tajimi Hospital, Tajimi 507-8522, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Fujimaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Inabe General Hospital, Inabe 511-0428, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Oguri
- Department of Cardiology, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya 453-8511, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Kato
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meitoh Hospital, Nagoya 465-0025, Japan
| | - Shinya Minatoguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Yoshiji Yamada
- Department of Human Functional Genomics, Life Science Research Center, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
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Abstract
The 9p21.3 locus was the first to yield to genome-wide association studies (GWAS) seeking common genetic variants predisposing to increased risk of coronary artery atherosclerotic disease (CAD). The 59 single nucleotide polymorphisms that show highest association with CAD are clustered in a region 100,000 to 150,000 base pairs 5' to the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors CDKN2B (coding for p15(ink4b)) and CDKN2A (coding for p16(ink4a) and p14(ARF)). This region also covers the 3' end of a long noncoding RNA transcribed antisense to CDKN2B (CDKN2BAS, aka ANRIL for antisense noncoding RNA at the ink4 locus) whose expression has been linked to chromatin remodeling at the locus. Despite intensive investigation over the past 7 years, the functional significance of the 9p21.3 locus remains elusive. Other variants at this locus have been associated with glaucoma, glioma, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, diseases that implicate tissue-resident macrophages. Here, we review the evidence that genetic variants at 9p21.3 disrupt tissue-specific enhancers and propose new insights to guide future studies.
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Kim DS, Smith JA, Bielak LF, Wu CY, Sun YV, Sheedy PF, Turner ST, Peyser PA, Kardia SLR. The relationship between diastolic blood pressure and coronary artery calcification is dependent on single nucleotide polymorphisms on chromosome 9p21.3. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2014; 15:89. [PMID: 25185447 PMCID: PMC4168694 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-014-0089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the 9p21.3 genomic region have been consistently associated with coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction, and quantity of coronary artery calcification (CAC), a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. Prior studies have established an association between blood pressure measures and CAC. To examine mechanisms by which the 9p21.3 genomic region may influence CHD risk, we investigated whether SNPs in 9p21.3 modified associations between blood pressure and CAC quantity. Methods As part of the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy (GENOA) Study, 974 participants underwent non-invasive computed tomography (CT) to measure CAC quantity. Linear mixed effects models were used to investigate whether seven SNPs in the 9p21.3 region modified the association between blood pressure levels and CAC quantity. Four SNPs of at least marginal significance in GENOA for a SNP-by-diastolic blood pressure (DBP) interaction were then tested for replication in the Framingham Heart Study’s Offspring Cohort (N = 1,140). Results We found replicated evidence that one SNP, rs2069416, in CDKN2B-AS1, significantly modified the association between DBP and CAC quantity (combined P = 0.0065; Bonferroni-corrected combined P = 0.0455). Conclusions Our results represent a novel finding that the relationship between DBP and CAC is dependent on genetic variation in the 9p21.3 region. Thus, variation in 9p21.3 may not only be an independent genetic risk factor for CHD, but also may modify the association between DBP levels and the extent of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor 48109, MI, USA.
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Gong L, Chen J, Lu J, Fan L, Huang J, Zhang Y, Lv B, Hui R, Wang Y. The 9p21 locus is associated with coronary artery disease and cardiovascular events in the presence (but not in the absence) of coronary calcification. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94823. [PMID: 24732910 PMCID: PMC3986239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Variants at the 9p21 locus have been associated with coronary artery disease (CAD); coronary artery calcification (CAC) is related to CAD and other cardiovascular events. To determine the association of the 9p21 locus with CAD in the presence and absence of CAC, 4 groups were enrolled in a case-control study, including 527 CAD patients without CAC, 692 CAD patients with CAC, 585 individuals with simple CAC but no CAD, and 725 healthy controls. The rs1333049 representing the locus was associated with CAD in the presence of CAC (odds ratio = 1.38 in allelic analysis, 95%CI, 1.19–1.60, P<0.001), but not in the absence of CAC. Additionally, rs1333049 was not associated with simple CAC or CAC severity/extent in CAD patients with CAC. 849 CAD patients undergoing revascularization (660 with CAC and 189 without CAC) were enrolled in a cohort study to test its association with cardiovascular events in CAD patients with and without CAC in a 3-year follow-up. rs1333049 was significantly associated with the incidence of cardiovascular events in non-target vessels in patients with CAC (hazard ratio = 1.44, 95%CI, 1.08–1.91, P = 0.012), but not in those without CAC. The variants at the 9p21 locus were related to CAD and post-revascularization events only in the presence of CAC, suggesting that they may confer risk of calcification-related coronary atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Sino-German Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Sino-German Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinguo Lu
- Department of Radiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lizi Fan
- Departement of Medical Ultrasonic, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghan Huang
- Heart Function Testing Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Sino-German Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Lv
- Department of Radiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rutai Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Sino-German Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (RH); (YW)
| | - Yibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Sino-German Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (RH); (YW)
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McPherson R. Genome-Wide Association Studies of Cardiovascular Disease in European and Non-European Populations. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40142-014-0033-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ganesh SK, Arnett DK, Assimes TL, Basson CT, Chakravarti A, Ellinor PT, Engler MB, Goldmuntz E, Herrington DM, Hershberger RE, Hong Y, Johnson JA, Kittner SJ, McDermott DA, Meschia JF, Mestroni L, O’Donnell CJ, Psaty BM, Vasan RS, Ruel M, Shen WK, Terzic A, Waldman SA. Genetics and Genomics for the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease: Update. Circulation 2013; 128:2813-51. [DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000437913.98912.1d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Gianfagna F, Tamburrelli C, Vohnout B, Crescente M, Izzi B, Pampuch A, De Curtis A, Di Castelnuovo A, Cutrone A, Napoleone E, Tayo B, Lorenzet R, Nanni L, Arca M, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Cerletti C, Iacoviello L. Heritability, genetic correlation and linkage to the 9p21.3 region of mixed platelet-leukocyte conjugates in families with and without early myocardial infarction. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:684-692. [PMID: 22633792 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Variations in mixed platelet-leukocyte conjugate formation in human whole blood could be genetically determined. We quantified platelet and leukocyte activation and interaction in families with or without early myocardial infarction and evaluated their heritability, genetic correlation and linkage to the 9p21.3 region. METHODS AND RESULTS The study population included 739 subjects (≥ 15 years old) from 54 large pedigrees, 23 with and 31 without familial myocardial infarction. Mixed platelet-leukocyte conjugates and markers of platelet or leukocyte activation (P-selectin, CD11b and L-selectin surface expression) were measured both before and after in vitro blood stimulation with collagen-ADP. All traits had significant genetic components (17.5-65.3% of the phenotypic variability), while shared household effects (0-39.6%) and environmental covariates (0-10.2%) tended to be smaller. Stimulated platelet-polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) and platelet-monocyte conjugates showed the highest linkage to the 9p21.3 region (LOD = 0.94 and 1.33, respectively; empirical p value = 0.017 and 0.009). PMN markers resulted strongly genetically correlated between them in bivariate analysis among pairs of quantitative traits. CONCLUSION This study supports a genetic regulation of human mixed platelet-leukocyte conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gianfagna
- Laboratory of Genetic and Environmental Epidemiology, Fondazione di Ricerca e Cura Giovanni Paolo II, Università Cattolica, Campobasso, Italy
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Wang Y, Chen J, Zhang Y, Yu W, Zhang C, Gong L, Shao L, Lu J, Gao Y, Chen X, Chen X, Hui R. Common genetic variants of MGP are associated with calcification on the arterial wall but not with calcification present in the atherosclerotic plaques. CIRCULATION. CARDIOVASCULAR GENETICS 2013; 6:271-8. [PMID: 23677904 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.113.000003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two endophenotypes of arterial calcification, calcification on arterial wall and calcification in atherosclerotic plaques, are associated with different types of cardiovascular events. Mgp-deficient mice showed matrix Gla protein (MGP) is strongly associated with calcification on arterial wall without atherosclerotic plaques, and MGP variants were not significantly associated with myocardial infarction. MGP may play different roles in the 2 endophenotypes. METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed the associations of MGP variants rs4236, rs1800801, and rs1800802 with the 2 endophenotypes determined by multidetector computed tomography angiography. A total of 585 with calcification on coronary artery wall, 675 with calcification in coronary atherosclerotic plaques, 454 with calcification on aortic wall, and 725 controls were enrolled. After Bonferroni correction, rs4236 and rs1800801 were still associated with calcification on arterial wall, the odds ratios were 0.708 (95% confidence interval, 0.540-0.928) for rs4236 and 0.652 (95% confidence interval, 0.479-0.888) for rs1800801 in coronary artery wall calcification, and 0.699 (95% confidence interval, 0.525-0.931) for rs4236 and 0.650 (95% confidence interval, 0.467-0.905) for rs1800801 in aortic wall calcification, respectively. The variants were correlated with calcification severity by ln(CAC Agatston score+1) in coronary artery wall calcification but not in atherosclerotic plaque calcification. In accordance with their associations with calcification on arterial wall, rs4236C and rs1800801A were associated with higher MGP plasma levels, whereas rs1800802C was associated with lower MGP levels in normal controls. Because of the role of calcification in plaque vulnerability, their associations with acute myocardial infarction were also determined in 771 controls and 752 patients, no association was found. CONCLUSIONS MGP genetic variants showed association with calcification on arterial wall but not with calcification in atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Sino-German Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Fan M, Dandona S, McPherson R, Allayee H, Hazen SL, Wells GA, Roberts R, Stewart AFR. Two chromosome 9p21 haplotype blocks distinguish between coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction risk. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 6:372-80. [PMID: 23729007 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.113.000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variants at the 9p21 locus associate with the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) or myocardial infarction (MI). However, atherosclerotic plaque deposition is distinct from MI (plaque rupture and thrombosis), and recent studies showed no association between these variants and MI in patients with preexisting CAD. We performed haplotype analysis at the 9p21 locus to test whether haplotypes at distinct linkage disequilibrium blocks predict these phenotypes. METHODS AND RESULTS Using 24 single-nucleotide polymorphisms genotyped in white patients without diabetes mellitus, we reconstructed haplotypes at the 9p21 locus. Patients with angiograhic CAD/MI had ≥1 epicardial stenosis >50% (n=2352), whereas controls were asymptomatic and over the age of 60 years (n=2116). For CAD patients, regression models examined the association of haplotypes with initial age of symptomatic CAD, number of diseased vessels, and history of MI. In the case-control study, only haplotypes at 1 block tagged by rs1333049 associated with CAD more so than MI. These haplotypes also associated with early onset of CAD (β=-0.13; P=1.37×10(-4)) and disease severity (β=0.1823; P=0.006) but not with prevalent MI among patients with CAD. In contrast, haplotypes at another block tagged by rs518394 associated with prevalent MI (β=0.239; P=2.05×10(-4)), but remarkably these are inversely associated with disease severity (β=-0.196; P=0.003). This MI association was replicated in the Cleveland Clinic GeneBank premature CAD cohort (n=1385; β=0.207; P=0.019). CONCLUSIONS Variants/haplotypes at 2 blocks are distinguished at 9p21; those at 1 block predispose to atherosclerosis, whereas those at the other predispose to MI among patients with preexisting CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Fan
- John and Jennifer Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Johnson AD, Hwang SJ, Voorman A, Morrison A, Peloso GM, Hsu YH, Thanassoulis G, Newton-Cheh C, Rogers IS, Hoffmann U, Freedman JE, Fox CS, Psaty BM, Boerwinkle E, Cupples LA, O’Donnell CJ. Resequencing and clinical associations of the 9p21.3 region: a comprehensive investigation in the Framingham heart study. Circulation 2013; 127:799-810. [PMID: 23315372 PMCID: PMC3686634 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.111559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 9p21.3 is among the most strongly replicated regions for cardiovascular disease. There are few reports of sequencing the associated 9p21.3 interval. We set out to sequence the 9p21.3 region followed by a comprehensive study of genetic associations with clinical and subclinical cardiovascular disease and its risk factors, as well as with copy number variation and gene expression, in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS). METHODS AND RESULTS We sequenced 281 individuals (94 with myocardial infarction, 94 with high coronary artery calcium levels, and 93 control subjects free of elevated coronary artery calcium or myocardial infarction), followed by genotyping and association in >7000 additional FHS individuals. We assessed genetic associations with clinical and subclinical cardiovascular disease, risk factor phenotypes, and gene expression levels of the protein-coding genes CDKN2A and CDKN2B and the noncoding gene ANRIL in freshly harvested leukocytes and platelets. Within this large sample, we found strong associations of 9p21.3 variants with increased risk for myocardial infarction, higher coronary artery calcium levels, and larger abdominal aorta diameters and no evidence for association with traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. No common protein-coding variation, variants in splice donor or acceptor sites, or copy number variation events were observed. By contrast, strong associations were observed between genetic variants and gene expression, particularly for a short isoform of ANRIL and for CDKN2B. CONCLUSIONS Our thorough genomic characterization of 9p21.3 suggests common variants likely account for observed disease associations and provides further support for the hypothesis that complex regulatory variation affecting ANRIL and CDKN2B gene expression may contribute to increased risk for clinically apparent and subclinical coronary artery disease and aortic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Johnson
- NIH/NHLBIs Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA)
- NHLBI Division of Intramural Research, Bethesda, MD
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- NIH/NHLBIs Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA)
- NHLBI Division of Intramural Research, Bethesda, MD
| | - Arend Voorman
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Alanna Morrison
- Program in Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - Gina M. Peloso
- NIH/NHLBIs Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA)
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Yi-Hsiang Hsu
- Hebrew Senior Life Institute for Aging Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - George Thanassoulis
- NIH/NHLBIs Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA)
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Christopher Newton-Cheh
- Cardiovascular Research Center & Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, MA
| | - Ian S. Rogers
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Udo Hoffmann
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jane E. Freedman
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Caroline S. Fox
- NIH/NHLBIs Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA)
- NHLBI Division of Intramural Research, Bethesda, MD
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Program in Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - L. Adrienne Cupples
- NIH/NHLBIs Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA)
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Christopher J. O’Donnell
- NIH/NHLBIs Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA)
- NHLBI Division of Intramural Research, Bethesda, MD
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Association between 9p21 genetic variants and mortality risk in a prospective cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes (ZODIAC-15). Cardiovasc Diabetol 2012; 11:138. [PMID: 23134948 PMCID: PMC3537589 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-11-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The genomic region at 9p21 chromosome near the CDKN2A/CDKN2B genes is associated with type 2 diabetes(T2D) and cardiovascular disease(CVD). The effect of the 9p21 locus on long-term mortality in patients with T2D has yet to be determined. We examined three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on 9p21, consistently and independently associated with T2D (rs10811661) or CVD (rs10757278, rs2383206), in relation to the risk of total and cardiovascular mortality in diabetic patients. We also aimed to replicate the previously observed interaction between rs2383206 and glycemic control on mortality. Genotypes for three SNPs were determined in 914 individuals from a prospective cohort of T2D patients of Dutch origin. Associations with mortality were assessed using Cox proportional hazard analyses. After a median follow-up of 9.5 years, 358 out of 914 patients had died. The hazard ratio (HR) for total mortality among individuals homozygous for the T2D-risk allele of rs10811661 compared to non-homozygous individuals was 0.74(95%CI 0.59-0.93). For the carriers of both CVD-risk alleles of rs10757278, the HR for total mortality was 1.31(95%CI 1.01-1.70). We found a significant interaction between rs2383206 and HbA1c on mortality, which was higher among patients with two CVD-risk alleles in the two lowest HbA1c tertiles (HR 1.68(95%CI 1.08-2.63); HR 1.48(95%CI 1.01-2.18). In conclusion, common variants on 9p21 were associated with mortality in patients with T2D in a Dutch population. The T2D SNP was inversely associated with mortality, while the CVD SNP increased the risk for mortality. We confirmed a possible, although different, synergistic relationship between HbA1c and rs2383206 on total mortality.
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Wang Y, Chen J, Zhang Y, Bin L, Sun K, Yu W, Liu J, Zhang C, Shen H, Hou Z, Yu F, Hui R. VKORC1 rs2359612C allele is associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease in the presence of coronary calcification. Hum Genet 2012; 132:29-37. [PMID: 22915323 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-012-1222-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
VKORC1 genetic polymorphisms affect warfarin dose response, aortic calcification, and the susceptibility of coronary artery disease as shown in our previous study. Little is known regarding the association of VKORC1 polymorphisms with coronary artery calcification (CAC) and the role of CAC in the association with coronary artery disease (CAD). Due to a natural haplotype block in the VKORC1 gene in Chinese, polymorphism rs2359612 was analyzed in a case-control study and a prospective study. The case-control study included 464 CAD patients with non-calcified plaque (NCP), 562 CAD patients with mixed calcified plaque (MCP), 492 subjects with calcified plaque (CP), and 521 controls. The rs2359612C was only associated with increased risk of MCP, the CAD in the presence of CAC; the odds ratio was 1.397 (95 % CI 1.008-1.937, P < 0.05), which was replicated in the second independent population. On the contrary, a negative correlation was observed between rs2359612 and log-transformed Agatston score, and rs2359612 was negatively associated with the number of calcified vessels. Moreover, in a prospective study including 849 CAD patients undergoing revascularization, rs2359612C predicted a higher incidence of cardiovascular events in MCP subgroup; the relative risk was 1.435 (95 % CI 1.008-2.041, P = 0.045), which was not observed in the NCP subgroup. We conclude that the rs2359612C was associated with a higher risk of CAD in the presence of CAC and a higher incidence of cardiovascular events in CAD patients with CAC, but a lower coronary calcification. VKORC1 polymorphisms may be associated with the endophenotype of CAD, calcification-related atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Wang
- Sino-German Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
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Gioli-Pereira L, Santos PCJL, Ferreira NE, Hueb WA, Krieger JE, Pereira AC. Higher incidence of death in multi-vessel coronary artery disease patients associated with polymorphisms in chromosome 9p21. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2012; 12:61. [PMID: 22856518 PMCID: PMC3469382 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-12-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated whether 9p21 polymorphisms are associated with cardiovascular events in a group of 611 patients enrolled in the Medical, Angioplasty or Surgery Study II (MASS II), a randomized trial comparing treatments for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and preserved left ventricular function. Methods The participants of the MASS II were genotyped for 9p21 polymorphisms (rs10757274, rs2383206, rs10757278 and rs1333049). Survival curves were calculated with the Kaplan–Meier method and compared with the log-rank statistic. We assessed the relationship between baseline variables and the composite end-point of death, death from cardiac causes and myocardial infarction using a Cox proportional hazards survival model. Results We observed significant differences between patients within each polymorphism genotype group for baseline characteristics. The frequency of diabetes was lower in patients carrying GG genotype for rs10757274, rs2383206 and rs10757278 (29.4%, 32.8%, 32.0%) compared to patients carrying AA or AG genotypes (49.1% and 39.2%, p = 0.01; 52.4% and 40.1%, p = 0.01; 47.8% and 37.9%, p = 0.04; respectively). Significant differences in genotype frequencies between double and triple vessel disease patients were observed for the rs10757274, rs10757278 and rs1333049. Finally, there was a higher incidence of overall mortality in patients with the GG genotype for rs2383206 compared to patients with AA and AG genotypes (19.5%, 11.9%, 11.0%, respectively; p = 0.04). Moreover, the rs2383206 was still significantly associated with a 1.75-fold increased risk of overall mortality (p = 0.02) even after adjustment of a Cox multivariate model for age, previous myocardial infarction, diabetes, smoking and type of coronary anatomy. Conclusions Our data are in accordance to previous evidence that chromosome 9p21 genetic variation may constitute a genetic modulator in the cardiovascular system in different scenarios. In patients with established CAD, we observed an association between the rs2383206 and higher incidence of overall mortality and death from cardiac causes in patients with multi-vessel CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Gioli-Pereira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, Sao Paulo University Medical School, Av, Dr, Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 Cerqueira César, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Maouche S, Schunkert H. Strategies beyond genome-wide association studies for atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:170-81. [PMID: 22258900 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.232652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic diseases, including coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI), are the leading causes of death in the world. The genetic basis of CAD and MI, which are caused by multiple interacting endogenous and exogenous factors, has gained considerable interest in the last years as genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified many new susceptibility loci for CAD and MI, and the underlying genes provide new insights into the genetic architecture of these diseases. Here we summarize the recent findings from GWASs of atherosclerosis and discuss their functional and biological implications. We also discuss the different post-GWAS strategies that are currently used for refining the location of causal variants, understanding their role, and shedding light on molecular mechanisms explaining their association to CAD. We finally discuss potential clinical translations of GWAS findings for individual risk prediction, advanced clinical strategies, and personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seraya Maouche
- Universität zu Lübeck, Medizinische Klinik II, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
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From candidate gene to genome-wide association studies in cardiovascular disease. Thromb Res 2012; 129:320-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2011.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Holdt LM, Teupser D. Recent Studies of the Human Chromosome 9p21 Locus, Which Is Associated With Atherosclerosis in Human Populations. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:196-206. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.232678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lesca M. Holdt
- From the LIFE-Leipzig Center for Civilization Diseases (L.M.H., D.T.), Universität Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics (L.M.H.), University Hospital Leipzig, Germany; and Institute of Laboratory Medicine (D.T.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Teupser
- From the LIFE-Leipzig Center for Civilization Diseases (L.M.H., D.T.), Universität Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics (L.M.H.), University Hospital Leipzig, Germany; and Institute of Laboratory Medicine (D.T.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
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Murabito JM, White CC, Kavousi M, Sun YV, Feitosa MF, Nambi V, Lamina C, Schillert A, Coassin S, Bis JC, Broer L, Crawford DC, Franceschini N, Frikke-Schmidt R, Haun M, Holewijn S, Huffman JE, Hwang SJ, Kiechl S, Kollerits B, Montasser ME, Nolte IM, Rudock ME, Senft A, Teumer A, van der Harst P, Vitart V, Waite LL, Wood AR, Wassel CL, Absher DM, Allison MA, Amin N, Arnold A, Asselbergs FW, Aulchenko Y, Bandinelli S, Barbalic M, Boban M, Brown-Gentry K, Couper DJ, Criqui MH, Dehghan A, Heijer MD, Dieplinger B, Ding J, Dörr M, Espinola-Klein C, Felix SB, Ferrucci L, Folsom AR, Fraedrich G, Gibson Q, Goodloe R, Gunjaca G, Haltmayer M, Heiss G, Hofman A, Kieback A, Kiemeney LA, Kolcic I, Kullo IJ, Kritchevsky SB, Lackner KJ, Li X, Lieb W, Lohman K, Meisinger C, Melzer D, Mohler ER, Mudnic I, Mueller T, Navis G, Oberhollenzer F, Olin JW, O’Connell J, O’Donnell CJ, Palmas W, Penninx BW, Petersmann A, Polasek O, Psaty BM, Rantner B, Rice K, Rivadeneira F, Rotter JI, Seldenrijk A, Stadler M, Summerer M, Tanaka T, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Uitterlinden AG, van Gilst WH, Vermeulen SH, Wild SH, Wild PS, Willeit J, Zeller T, Zemunik T, Zgaga L, Assimes TL, Blankenberg S, Boerwinkle E, Campbell H, Cooke JP, de Graaf J, Herrington D, Kardia SLR, Mitchell BD, Murray A, Münzel T, Newman A, Oostra BA, Rudan I, Shuldiner AR, Snieder H, van Duijn CM, Völker U, Wright AF, Wichmann HE, Wilson JF, Witteman JC, Liu Y, Hayward C, Borecki IB, Ziegler A, North KE, Cupples LA, Kronenberg F. Association between chromosome 9p21 variants and the ankle-brachial index identified by a meta-analysis of 21 genome-wide association studies. CIRCULATION. CARDIOVASCULAR GENETICS 2012; 5:100-12. [PMID: 22199011 PMCID: PMC3303225 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.111.961292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic determinants of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) remain largely unknown. To identify genetic variants associated with the ankle-brachial index (ABI), a noninvasive measure of PAD, we conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association study data from 21 population-based cohorts. METHODS AND RESULTS Continuous ABI and PAD (ABI ≤0.9) phenotypes adjusted for age and sex were examined. Each study conducted genotyping and imputed data to the ≈2.5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in HapMap. Linear and logistic regression models were used to test each SNP for association with ABI and PAD using additive genetic models. Study-specific data were combined using fixed effects inverse variance weighted meta-analyses. There were a total of 41 692 participants of European ancestry (≈60% women, mean ABI 1.02 to 1.19), including 3409 participants with PAD and with genome-wide association study data available. In the discovery meta-analysis, rs10757269 on chromosome 9 near CDKN2B had the strongest association with ABI (β=-0.006, P=2.46×10(-8)). We sought replication of the 6 strongest SNP associations in 5 population-based studies and 3 clinical samples (n=16 717). The association for rs10757269 strengthened in the combined discovery and replication analysis (P=2.65×10(-9)). No other SNP associations for ABI or PAD achieved genome-wide significance. However, 2 previously reported candidate genes for PAD and 1 SNP associated with coronary artery disease were associated with ABI: DAB21P (rs13290547, P=3.6×10(-5)), CYBA (rs3794624, P=6.3×10(-5)), and rs1122608 (LDLR, P=0.0026). CONCLUSIONS Genome-wide association studies in more than 40 000 individuals identified 1 genome wide significant association on chromosome 9p21 with ABI. Two candidate genes for PAD and 1 SNP for coronary artery disease are associated with ABI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M. Murabito
- NHLBI’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham
- Dept of Med, Section of Gen Internal Med, BU School of Med
| | | | - Maryam Kavousi
- Dept of Epidemiology, Erasmus Univ Med Ctr
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Hlthy Aging (NCHA) & Ctr for Med Systems Biology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yan V. Sun
- Dept of Epidemiology, Emory Univ School of Public Hlth, Atlanta, GA
| | - Mary F. Feitosa
- Statistical Genomics, Dept of Genetics, Washington Univ School of Med, St. Louis, MO
| | - Vijay Nambi
- Dept of Atherosclerosis & Vascular Med, BCM, Houston, TX
| | - Claudia Lamina
- Genetic Epidemiology, Dept of Med Genetics, Molecular & Clin Pharmacology, Innsbruck Med Univ, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Stefan Coassin
- Genetic Epidemiology, Dept of Med Genetics, Molecular & Clin Pharmacology, Innsbruck Med Univ, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Joshua C. Bis
- Cardiovascular Hlth Rsrch Unit, Dept of Med, Univ of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Linda Broer
- Dept of Epidemiology, Erasmus Univ Med Ctr
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Hlthy Aging (NCHA) & Ctr for Med Systems Biology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dana C. Crawford
- Dept of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, The Ctr for Human Genetics Rsrch, Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Dept of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Hlth, The Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Dept of Clin Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Margot Haun
- Genetic Epidemiology, Dept of Med Genetics, Molecular & Clin Pharmacology, Innsbruck Med Univ, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Suzanne Holewijn
- Dept of Gen Internal Med, Vascular Med, Radboud Univ Nijmegen Med Ctr, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer E. Huffman
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Inst of Genetics & Molecular Med, Western Gen Hosp, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Stefan Kiechl
- Dept of Neurology, Innsbruck Med Univ, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Kollerits
- Genetic Epidemiology, Dept of Med Genetics, Molecular & Clin Pharmacology, Innsbruck Med Univ, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - May E. Montasser
- Endocrinology, Dept of Med, Univ of Maryland School of Med, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ilja M. Nolte
- Unit of Gen Epidemiology & Bioinformatics, Dept of Epidemiology, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Univ of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Megan E. Rudock
- Dept of Epidemiology & Prevention, Wake Forest Univ School of Med, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Andrea Senft
- Institut für Med Biometrie & Statistik, Univ zu Lübeck, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Interfaculty Inst for Genetics & Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Univ Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Dept of Cardiology, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Univ of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Dept of Genetics, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Univ of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Inst of Genetics & Molecular Med, Western Gen Hosp, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Andrew R. Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Med & Dentistry, Univ of Exeter, UK
| | | | | | - Matthew A. Allison
- Dept of Family & Preventive Med, UC San Diego, Preventive Med, La Jolla, CA
| | - Najaf Amin
- Dept of Epidemiology, Erasmus Univ Med Ctr
| | - Alice Arnold
- Dept of Biostatistics, Univ of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Folkert W. Asselbergs
- Dept of Cardiology, Heart & Lungs, Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Julius Ctr for Hlth Sciences & Primary Care, Univ Med Ctr, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Dept of Med Genetics, Biomedical Genetics, Univ Med Ctr, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Stefania Bandinelli
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Unit, Azienda Sanitaria di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Maja Barbalic
- Univ of Texas Hlth Science Ctr at Houston, Dept of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | - Michael H. Criqui
- Dept of Family & Preventive Med, UC San Diego, Preventive Med, La Jolla, CA
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Dept of Epidemiology, Erasmus Univ Med Ctr
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Hlthy Aging (NCHA) & Ctr for Med Systems Biology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martin den Heijer
- Dept of Endocrinology & Epidemiology, Biostatistics & HTA, Radboud Univ Nijmegen Med Ctr, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jingzhong Ding
- Sticht Ctr on Aging, Wake Forest School of Med, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Marcus Dörr
- Dept of Internal Med B- Cardiology, Angiology & Pneumology & Intensive Care Med, Univ Med, Greifswald
| | | | - Stephan B. Felix
- Dept of Internal Med B- Cardiology, Angiology & Pneumology & Intensive Care Med, Univ Med, Greifswald
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Clinical Rsrch Branch, Nat Inst on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD
| | - Aaron R. Folsom
- Epidemiology & Community Hlth, School of Public Hlth, Univ of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Gustav Fraedrich
- Dept of Vascular Surgery, Innsbruck Med Univ, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Quince Gibson
- Endocrinology, Dept of Med, Univ of Maryland School of Med, Baltimore, MD
| | - Robert Goodloe
- The Ctr for Human Genetics Rsrch, Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Meinhard Haltmayer
- Dept of Lab Med, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Gerardo Heiss
- Dept of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Hlth, The Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Albert Hofman
- Dept of Epidemiology, Erasmus Univ Med Ctr
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Hlthy Aging (NCHA) & Ctr for Med Systems Biology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arne Kieback
- Dept of Internal Med B- Cardiology, Angiology & Pneumology & Intensive Care Med, Univ Med, Greifswald
| | - Lambertus A. Kiemeney
- Dept of Epidemiology, Biostatistics & HTA, Radboud Univ Nijmegen Med Ctr, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivana Kolcic
- Dept of Public Hlth, University of Split School of Med, Croatia
| | - Iftikhar J. Kullo
- Cardiovascular Diseases & the Gonda Vascular Ctr, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Karl J. Lackner
- Dept of Med 2, Univ Med Ctr Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Univ Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Med Genetics Inst, Cedars-Sinai Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Inst for Community Med, Univ Med Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kurt Lohman
- Dept of Biostatistics, Wake Forest Univ School of Med, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Inst of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Rsrch Ctr for Environmental Hlth (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - David Melzer
- Dept of Epidemiology & Public Hlth, Peninsula College of Med & Dentistry, Univ of Exeter, UK
| | - Emile R Mohler
- Perelman School of Med at the Univ of Pennsylvania, Cardiovascular Division, Vascular Med Section, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Thomas Mueller
- Dept of Lab Med, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Dept of Internal Med, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Univ of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jeff O’Connell
- Endocrinology, Dept of Med, Univ of Maryland School of Med, Baltimore, MD
| | - Christopher J. O’Donnell
- NHLBI’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham
- Nat Heart, Lung, & Blood Inst, Intramural Rsrch, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Brenda W. Penninx
- Dept of Psychiatry/EMGO Inst, VU Univ Med Ctr, Amsterdam
- Dept of Psychiatry, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Univ of Groningen, Groningen
- Dept of Psychiatry, Leiden Univ Med Ctr, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ozren Polasek
- Dept of Public Hlth, University of Split School of Med, Croatia
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Hlth Rsrch Unit, Depts of Med, Epidemiology & Hlth Services, Univ of Washington
- Group Hlth Rsrch Inst, Group Hlth Cooperative, Seattle, WA
| | - Barbara Rantner
- Genetic Epidemiology, Dept of Med Genetics, Molecular & Clin Pharmacology, Innsbruck Med Univ, Innsbruck, Austria
- Dept of Vascular Surgery, Innsbruck Med Univ, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ken Rice
- Dept of Biostatistics, Univ of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Dept of Epidemiology, Erasmus Univ Med Ctr
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Hlthy Aging (NCHA) & Ctr for Med Systems Biology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Dept of Internal Med, Erasmus Univ Med Ctr, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Marietta Stadler
- Hietzing Hosp, 3rd Med Dept of Metabolic Diseases & Nephrology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Summerer
- Genetic Epidemiology, Dept of Med Genetics, Molecular & Clin Pharmacology, Innsbruck Med Univ, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen
- Dept of Clin Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andre G. Uitterlinden
- Dept of Epidemiology, Erasmus Univ Med Ctr
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Hlthy Aging (NCHA) & Ctr for Med Systems Biology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Dept of Internal Med, Erasmus Univ Med Ctr, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wiek H. van Gilst
- Dept of Cardiology, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Univ of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sita H. Vermeulen
- Dept of Epidemiology, Biostatistics & HTA, Radboud Univ Nijmegen Med Ctr, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah H. Wild
- Ctr for Pop Hlth Sciences, Univ of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Philipp S. Wild
- Dept of Med 2, Univ Med Ctr Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Univ Mainz, Germany
- Ctr for Thrombosis & Hemostasis, Univ Med Ctr Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Univ Mainz
| | - Johann Willeit
- Dept of Neurology, Innsbruck Med Univ, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Clinic for General & Interventional Cardiology, Univ Heart Ctr Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Lina Zgaga
- Ctr for Pop Hlth Sciences, Univ of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- Andrija Stampar School of Public Health, Med School, Univ of Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Stefan Blankenberg
- Clinic for General & Interventional Cardiology, Univ Heart Ctr Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Univ of Texas Hlth Science Ctr at Houston, Dept of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, Houston, TX
| | - Harry Campbell
- Ctr for Pop Hlth Sciences, Univ of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - John P. Cooke
- Dept of Med, Stanford Univ School of Med, Stanford, CA
| | - Jacqueline de Graaf
- Dept of Gen Internal Med, Vascular Med, Radboud Univ Nijmegen Med Ctr, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David Herrington
- Dept of Internal Med, Wake Forest Univ School of Med, Winston-Salem, NC
| | | | | | - Anna Murray
- Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Med & Dentistry, Univ of Exeter, UK
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Dept of Med 2, Univ Med Ctr Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Univ Mainz, Germany
| | - Anne Newman
- Dept of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Hlth, Univ of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ben A. Oostra
- Dept of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Med Ctr, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Igor Rudan
- Ctr for Pop Hlth Sciences, Univ of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- Andrija Stampar School of Public Health, Med School, Univ of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alan R. Shuldiner
- Endocrinology, Dept of Med, Univ of Maryland School of Med, Baltimore, MD
- Geriatric Rsrch & Edu Clinical Ctr, VA Med Ctr, Baltimore, MD
| | - Harold Snieder
- Unit of Gen Epidemiology & Bioinformatics, Dept of Epidemiology, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Univ of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Dept of Epidemiology, Erasmus Univ Med Ctr
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Hlthy Aging (NCHA) & Ctr for Med Systems Biology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Inst for Genetics & Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Univ Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alan F. Wright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Inst of Genetics & Molecular Med, Western Gen Hosp, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - H.-Erich Wichmann
- Inst of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Rsrch Ctr for Environmental Hlth (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - James F. Wilson
- Ctr for Pop Hlth Sciences, Univ of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Jacqueline C.M. Witteman
- Dept of Epidemiology, Erasmus Univ Med Ctr
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Hlthy Aging (NCHA) & Ctr for Med Systems Biology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Dept of Epidemiology & Prevention, Wake Forest Univ School of Med, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Inst of Genetics & Molecular Med, Western Gen Hosp, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Ingrid B. Borecki
- Statistical Genomics, Dept of Genetics, Washington Univ School of Med, St. Louis, MO
| | - Andreas Ziegler
- Institut für Med Biometrie & Statistik, Univ zu Lübeck, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kari E. North
- Dept of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Hlth, The Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
- Carolina Ctr for Genome Sciences, School of Public Hlth, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - L. Adrienne Cupples
- NHLBI’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham
- Dept of Biostatistics, BU, Boston, MA
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Genetic Epidemiology, Dept of Med Genetics, Molecular & Clin Pharmacology, Innsbruck Med Univ, Innsbruck, Austria
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Low SK, Takahashi A, Cha PC, Zembutsu H, Kamatani N, Kubo M, Nakamura Y. Genome-wide association study for intracranial aneurysm in the Japanese population identifies three candidate susceptible loci and a functional genetic variant at EDNRA. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:2102-10. [PMID: 22286173 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is the most serious subtype of stroke. Genetic factors have been known to play an important role in the development of intracranial aneurysm (IA), some of which further progress to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In this study, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify common genetic variants that are associated with the risk of IA, using 1383 aSAH subjects and 5484 control individuals in the Japanese population. We selected 36 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that showed suggestive association (P <1 × 10(-4)) in the GWAS as well as additional 7 SNPs that were previously reported to be associated with IA, and further genotyped an additional set of 1048 IA cases and 7212 controls. We identified an SNP, rs6842241, near EDNRA at chromosome 4q31.22 (combined P-value = 9.58 × 10(-9); odds ratio = 1.25), which was found to be significantly associated with IA. Additionally, we successfully replicated and validated rs10757272 on CDKN2BAS at chromosome 9p21.3 (combined P-value = 1.55 × 10(-7); odds ratio = 1.21) to be significantly associated with IA as previously reported. Furthermore, we performed functional analysis with the associated genetic variants on EDNRA, and identified two alleles of rs6841581 that have different binding affinities to a nuclear protein(s). The transcriptional activity of the susceptible allele of this variant was significantly lower than the other, suggesting that this functional variant might affect the expression of EDNRA and subsequently result in the IA susceptibility. Identification of genetic variants on EDNRA is of clinical significance probably due to its role in vessel hemodynamic stress. Our findings should contribute to a better understanding of physiopathology of IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew-Kee Low
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
This chapter summarizes current ideas about the intracellular signaling that drives platelet responses to vascular injury. After a brief overview of platelet activation intended to place the signaling pathways into context, the first section considers the early events of platelet activation leading up to integrin activation and platelet aggregation. The focus is on the G protein-mediated events utilized by agonists such as thrombin and ADP, and the tyrosine kinase-based signaling triggered by collagen. The second section considers the events that occur after integrin engagement, some of which are dependent on close physical contact between platelets. A third section addresses the regulatory events that help to avoid unprovoked or excessive platelet activation, after which the final section briefly considers individual variations in platelet reactivity and the role of platelet signaling in the innate immune response and embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Stalker
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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de Gaetano G, Santimone I, Gianfagna F, Iacoviello L, Cerletti C. Variability of platelet indices and function: acquired and genetic factors. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2012:395-434. [PMID: 22918740 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-29423-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Each individual has an inherent variable risk of bleeding linked to genetic or acquired abnormal platelet number or platelet dysfunction. In contrast, it is less obvious that the variability of platelet phenotypes (number, mean platelet volume, function) may contribute to the variable individual risk of thrombosis. Interindividual variability of platelet indices or function may be either due to acquired factors, such as age, sex, metabolic variables, smoke, dietary habits, and ongoing inflammation, or due to genetic factors. Acquired variables explain a small portion of the heterogeneity of platelet parameters. Genetic factors, instead, appear to play a major role, although a consistent portion of such a genetic variance has not yet been attributed to any specific genetic factor, possibly due to the high number of DNA loci potentially involved and to the limited effect size of each individual SNP. A portion of variance remains thus unexplained, also due to variability of test performance. A major contradiction in present platelet knowledge is, indeed, the difficulty to reconcile the universally accepted importance of platelet indices or function and the lack of reliable platelet parameters in cardiovascular risk prediction models. Trials on antiplatelet drugs were generally designed to select a homogeneous sample, whose results could be applied to an "average subject," tending to exclude the deviation/extreme values. As the current indications for antiplatelet treatment in primary or secondary prevention of ischemic vascular disease still derive from the results of such clinical trials where platelet function and its variability was not investigated, we cannot at present rely upon any current platelet test to either initiate, or monitor, or modify or stop treatment with any antiplatelet drug. Evidence is, however, increasing that traditional platelet aggregometry and other more recently developed platelet function assays could be useful to optimize antiplatelet therapy and to predict major adverse cardiac events.The observation of interindividual differences in platelet response to antiplatelet drugs has enlarged the spectrum and the possible clinical relevance of the variability of platelet indices or function. The development of "personalized medicine" will benefit from the concepts discussed in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni de Gaetano
- Research Laboratories, Fondazione di Ricerca e Cura "Giovanni Paolo II", Università Cattolica, Largo Gemelli, 1, 86100, Campobasso, Italy.
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Genetic mechanisms mediating atherosclerosis susceptibility at the chromosome 9p21 locus. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2011; 13:193-201. [PMID: 21487702 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-011-0178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies have demonstrated that common genetic variants in a region of chromosome 9p21 confer risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and other atherosclerotic conditions. Although the absolute increase in risk is small (some 20-30% increase in risk of CAD per copy of the deleterious alleles), the common occurrence of the variants means that their effect on the population risk of disease is estimated to be substantial. Studies investigating the relationship between risk variants and both "classical" and "emerging" atherosclerotic risk factors have found no evidence of association. This suggests that the effect of the 9p21 locus on atherosclerotic risk is mediated via a hitherto unknown pathway potentially amenable to therapeutic modulation. Investigation of potential disease mechanisms at this locus is therefore a focus of intense interest. In this review, we discuss the progress that has been made in the study of mechanisms and highlight the outstanding research questions.
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Sivapalaratnam S, Motazacker MM, Maiwald S, Hovingh GK, Kastelein JJP, Levi M, Trip MD, Dallinga-Thie GM. Genome-wide association studies in atherosclerosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2011; 13:225-32. [PMID: 21369780 PMCID: PMC3085784 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-011-0173-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the major cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality. Its pathophysiology is complex and multifactorial. Because the phenotype of cardiovascular disease often shows a marked heritable pattern, it is likely that genetic factors play an important role. In recent years, large genome-wide association studies have been conducted to decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying this heritable and prevalent phenotype. The emphasis of this review is on the recently identified 17 susceptibility loci for coronary artery disease. Implications of their discovery for biology and clinical medicine are discussed. A description of the landscape of human genetics in the near future in the context of next-generation sequence technologies is provided at the conclusion of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sivapalaratnam
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Although stroke remains a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide, recently there have been significant advances related to our understanding of the genetic basis of stroke. Ongoing research efforts put us on the cusp for major breakthroughs in the field. In this review, we present the substantial evidence for the contribution of genetic variation to the development of stroke, and the difficulties posed in the study of stroke given the numerous genetically driven risk factors and stroke subtypes. We emphasize recent findings implementing candidate gene and genome-wide association approaches. We then discuss how emerging knowledge is informing and reshaping our understanding of stroke biology and how, in the near term, genetics may be used clinically to identify individuals who are at risk of disease or who may derive benefit from specific treatment modalities. Lastly, we address ongoing and future approaches that will continue to improve our understanding of stroke genetics.
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Muhlestein JB, Anderson JL. The 9p21.3 Genetic Region and Coronary Heart Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 58:435-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Does the 9p21 Genetic Variant Have a Role in Cardiovascular Risk Prediction? CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-010-0150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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