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Chen JN, Yang XJ, Cong M, Zhu LJ, Wu X, Wang LT, Sha L, Yu Y, He QR, Ding F, Xian H, Shi HY. Promotive effect of skin precursor-derived Schwann cells on brachial plexus neurotomy and motor neuron damage repair through milieu-regulating secretome. Regen Ther 2024; 27:365-380. [PMID: 38694448 PMCID: PMC11061650 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Brachial plexus injury (BPI) with motor neurons (MNs) damage still remain poor recovery in preclinical research and clinical therapy, while cell-based therapy approaches emerged as novel strategies. Previous work of rat skin precursor-derived Schwann cells (SKP-SCs) provided substantial foundation for repairing peripheral nerve injury (PNI). Given that, our present work focused on exploring the repair efficacy and possible mechanisms of SKP-SCs implantation on rat BPI combined with neurorrhaphy post-neurotomy. Results indicated the significant locomotive and sensory function recovery, with improved morphological remodeling of regenerated nerves and angiogenesis, as well as amelioration of target muscles atrophy and motor endplate degeneration. Besides, MNs could restore from oxygen-glucose-deprivation (OGD) injury upon SKP-SCs-sourced secretome treatment, implying the underlying paracrine mechanisms. Moreover, rat cytokine array assay detected 67 cytokines from SKP-SC-secretome, and bioinformatic analyses of screened 32 cytokines presented multiple functional clusters covering diverse cell types, including inflammatory cells, Schwann cells, vascular endothelial cells (VECs), neurons, and SKP-SCs themselves, relating distinct biological processes to nerve regeneration. Especially, a panel of hypoxia-responsive cytokines (HRCK), can participate into multicellular biological process regulation for permissive regeneration milieu, which underscored the benefits of SKP-SCs and sourced secretome, facilitating the chorus of nerve regenerative microenvironment. Furthermore, platelet-derived growth factor-AA (PDGF-AA) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) were outstanding cytokines involved with nerve regenerative microenvironment regulating, with significantly elevated mRNA expression level in hypoxia-responsive SKP-SCs. Altogether, through recapitulating the implanted SKP-SCs and derived secretome as niche sensor and paracrine transmitters respectively, HRCK would be further excavated as molecular underpinning of the neural recuperative mechanizations for efficient cell therapy; meanwhile, the analysis paradigm in this study validated and anticipated the actions and mechanisms of SKP-SCs on traumatic BPI repair, and was beneficial to identify promising bioactive molecule cocktail and signaling targets for cell-free therapy strategy on neural repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-nan Chen
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiao-jia Yang
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Meng Cong
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Ling-jie Zhu
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Li-ting Wang
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Lei Sha
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yan Yu
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Qian-ru He
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Fei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Hua Xian
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Hai-yan Shi
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
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Eugenín J, Eugenín-von Bernhardi L, von Bernhardi R. Age-dependent changes on fractalkine forms and their contribution to neurodegenerative diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1249320. [PMID: 37818457 PMCID: PMC10561274 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1249320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine fractalkine (FKN, CX3CL1), a member of the CX3C subfamily, contributes to neuron-glia interaction and the regulation of microglial cell activation. Fractalkine is expressed by neurons as a membrane-bound protein (mCX3CL1) that can be cleaved by extracellular proteases generating several sCX3CL1 forms. sCX3CL1, containing the chemokine domain, and mCX3CL1 have high affinity by their unique receptor (CX3CR1) which, physiologically, is only found in microglia, a resident immune cell of the CNS. The activation of CX3CR1contributes to survival and maturation of the neural network during development, glutamatergic synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, cognition, neuropathic pain, and inflammatory regulation in the adult brain. Indeed, the various CX3CL1 forms appear in some cases to serve an anti-inflammatory role of microglia, whereas in others, they have a pro-inflammatory role, aggravating neurological disorders. In the last decade, evidence points to the fact that sCX3CL1 and mCX3CL1 exhibit selective and differential effects on their targets. Thus, the balance in their level and activity will impact on neuron-microglia interaction. This review is focused on the description of factors determining the emergence of distinct fractalkine forms, their age-dependent changes, and how they contribute to neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. Changes in the balance among various fractalkine forms may be one of the mechanisms on which converge aging, chronic CNS inflammation, and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Eugenín
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Rommy von Bernhardi
- Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
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3
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Proinflammatory cytokines and their receptors as druggable targets to alleviate pathological pain. Pain 2022; 163:S79-S98. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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4
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DiNatale A, Kaur R, Qian C, Zhang J, Marchioli M, Ipe D, Castelli M, McNair CM, Kumar G, Meucci O, Fatatis A. Subsets of cancer cells expressing CX3CR1 are endowed with metastasis-initiating properties and resistance to chemotherapy. Oncogene 2022; 41:1337-1351. [PMID: 34999735 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02174-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis-initiating cells (MICs) display stem cell-like features, cause metastatic recurrences and defy chemotherapy, which leads to patients' demise. Here we show that prostate and breast cancer patients harbor contingents of tumor cells with high expression of CX3CR1, OCT4a (POU5F1), and NANOG. Impairing CX3CR1 expression or signaling hampered the formation of tumor spheroids by cell lines from which we isolated small subsets co-expressing CX3CR1 and stemness-related markers, similarly to patients' tumors. These rare CX3CR1High cells show transcriptomic profiles enriched in pathways that regulate pluripotency and endowed with metastasis-initiating behavior in murine models. Cancer cells lacking these features (CX3CR1Low) were capable of re-acquiring CX3CR1-associated features over time, implying that MICs can continuously emerge from non-stem cancer cells. CX3CR1 expression also conferred resistance to docetaxel, and prolonged treatment with docetaxel selected CX3CR1High phenotypes with de-enriched transcriptomic profiles for apoptotic pathways. These findings nominate CX3CR1 as a novel marker of stem-like tumor cells and provide conceptual ground for future development of approaches targeting CX3CR1 signaling and (re)expression as therapeutic means to prevent or contain metastasis initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony DiNatale
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Ramanpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.,Champions Oncology, 1330 Piccard Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Chen Qian
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.,Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Jieyi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Michael Marchioli
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Darin Ipe
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Maria Castelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Chris M McNair
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.,Cancer Informatics, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Olimpia Meucci
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.,Program in Immune Cell Regulation & Targeting, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Alessandro Fatatis
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA. .,Program in Translational and Cellular Oncology at Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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5
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Luo JW, Hu Y, Liu J, Yang H, Huang P. Interleukin-22: a potential therapeutic target in atherosclerosis. Mol Med 2021; 27:88. [PMID: 34388961 PMCID: PMC8362238 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00353-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is recognized as a chronic immuno-inflammatory disease that is characterized by the accumulation of immune cells and lipids in the vascular wall. In this review, we focus on the latest advance regarding the regulation and signaling pathways of IL-22 and highlight its impacts on atherosclerosis. MAIN BODY IL-22, an important member of the IL-10 family of cytokines, is released by cells of the adaptive and innate immune system and plays a key role in the development of inflammatory diseases. The binding of IL-22 to its receptor complex can trigger a diverse array of downstream signaling pathways, in particular the JAK/STAT, to induce the expression of chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines. Recently, numerous studies suggest that IL-22 is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by regulation of VSMC proliferation and migration, angiogenesis, inflammatory response, hypertension, and cholesterol metabolism. CONCLUSION IL-22 promotes the development of atherosclerosis by multiple mechanisms, which may be a promising therapeutic target in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wen Luo
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Wang K, Jiang L, Hu A, Sun C, Zhou L, Huang Y, Chen Q, Dong J, Zhou X, Zhang F. Vertebral-specific activation of the CX3CL1/ICAM-1 signaling network mediates non-small-cell lung cancer spinal metastasis by engaging tumor cell-vertebral bone marrow endothelial cell interactions. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:4770-4789. [PMID: 33754027 PMCID: PMC7978319 DOI: 10.7150/thno.54235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The spine is one of the most common metastatic sites of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and NSCLC spinal metastasis results in serious consequences. Metastatic extravasation of disseminated cancer cells including increased invasiveness, adhesion and transendothelial migration is crucial for tumor metastasis. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying NSCLC spinal metastasis based on the C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1- (CX3CL1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1- (ICAM-1) mediated signaling network. Methods: Immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR were conducted to detect the distribution of CX3CL1/ICAM-1 in different organs. Transwell, adhesion, and transendothelial migration assays were performed to evaluate the regulatory effects of CX3CL1/ICAM-1 on NSCLC cell invasion, adhesion, and transendothelial migration in vitro. A spontaneous spinal metastasis mouse model was established via injection of NSCLC cells into the left cardiac ventricle of NOD/SCID mice. The effects of CX3CL1/ICAM-1 on NSCLC spinal metastasis in vivo were validated using bioluminescent, micro-computerized tomography, immunohistochemistry and histological analyses. Results: CX3CL1 expression was specifically higher in vertebral bone compared with limb bones and lung tissue, and was associated with NSCLC spinal metastasis. Mechanically, vertebral bone marrow endothelial cells (VBMECs) enhanced NSCLC cell invasion via CX3CL1 signaling-mediated activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Furthermore, we found that VBMECs effectively induced ICAM-1-dependent NSCLC cell adhesion in coordination with platelets through the CX3CL1/ICAM-1/LFA-1 pathway. Meanwhile, CX3CL1 enhanced NSCLC cell transendothelial migration by increasing permeability of VBMECs via ICAM-1-dependent activation of the Src/GEF-H1 pathway. Interestingly, NSCLC cells were indicated to promote CX3CL1 secretion of VBMECs through MAPK14/ADMA17-dependent CX3CL1 release and NF-κB-dependent CX3CL1 synthesis. Based on these findings, we revealed a novel feedback cycle between circulating NSCLC cells and VBMECs mediated by CX3CL1/ICAM-1 signaling. Further disengagement of the CX3CL1/ICAM-1-mediated feedback cycle in vivo significantly restricted metastasis and prolonged mouse survival. Conclusions: Our results indicated a unique feedback cycle between circulating NSCLC cells and VBMECs mediated by CX3CL1/ICAM-1 signaling, which is necessary for NSCLC spinal metastasis. This work provides a new perspective for underlying the mechanisms of NSCLC spinal metastasis and indicates potential novel targets for the prevention of NSCLC spinal metastasis.
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Liang S, Desai AA, Black SM, Tang H. Cytokines, Chemokines, and Inflammation in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1303:275-303. [PMID: 33788198 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63046-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
According to the World Symposium Pulmonary Hypertension (WSPH) classification, pulmonary hypertension (PH) is classified into five categories based on etiology. Among them, Group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) disorders are rare but progressive and often, fatal despite multiple approved treatments. Elevated pulmonary arterial pressure in patients with WSPH Group 1 PAH is mainly caused by increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), due primarily to sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction and excessive obliterative pulmonary vascular remodeling. Growing evidence indicates that inflammation plays a critical role in the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling associated with PAH. While the role of auto-immunity is unclear, infiltration of inflammatory cells in and around vascular lesions, including T- and B-cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and mast cells have been observed in PAH patients. Serum and plasma levels of chemokines, cytokines, and autoantibodies are also increased in PAH patients; some of these circulating molecules are correlated with disease severity and survival. Preclinical experiments have reported a key role of the inflammation in PAH pathophysiology in vivo. Importantly, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents have further exhibited therapeutic effects. The present chapter reviews published experimental and clinical evidence highlighting the canonical role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of PAH and as a major target for the development of anti-inflammatory therapies in patients with PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Stephen M Black
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Haiyang Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Fractalkine/CX3CR1 pathway is neuroprotective in intracerebral hemorrhage through facilitating the expression of TGF-β1. BRAIN HEMORRHAGES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hest.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Yang T, Guo L, Chen L, Li J, Li Q, Pi Y, Zhu J, Zhang L. A novel role of FKN/CX3CR1 in promoting osteogenic transformation of VSMCs and atherosclerotic calcification. Cell Calcium 2020; 91:102265. [PMID: 32814243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fractalkine (FKN) and its specific receptor CX3CR1 play a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis including recruitment of vascular cells and the development of inflammation. However, its contribution to regulating the development of atherosclerotic calcification has not been well documented. Osteogenic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is critical in the development of calcification in atherosclerotic lesions. In this study, for the first time, we evaluated the effect of FKN/CX3CR1 on the progression of VSMCs calcification and defined molecular signaling that is operative in the FKN/CX3CR1-induced osteogenic transformation of VSMCs. We found that high-fat diet induced atherosclerotic calcification in vivo was markedly inhibited in the Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and CX3CR1 deficient (ApoE-/-/CX3CR1-/-) mice compared with their control littermates. FKN and CX3CR1 were both expressed in VSMCs and up-regulated by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). FKN/CX3CR1 promoted the expression of osteogenic markers, including osteopontin (OPN), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and decreased VSMCs markers, including smooth muscle (SM) α-actin and SM22-α in a dose-dependent manner. The essential role of FKN/CX3CR1 in VSMCs calcification was further confirmed by lentivirus-mediated knockdown or overexpression of CX3CR1 blocked or accelerated osteogenic transformation of VSMCs. This response was associated with reciprocal up- and down-regulation of osteogenic factor, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), transcription factors in osteoclast differentiation, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK), RANK ligand (RNAKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), respectively. Inhibition of FKN/CX3CR1-activated Jak2/Stat3 signaling by the Jak/Stat inhibitor AG490 blocked osteogenic transformation of VSMCs and RUNX2 induction concurrently. Taken together, our data uncovered novel roles of FKN/CX3CR1 in promoting VSMC osteogenic transformation and atherosclerotic calcification by activating RUNX2 through Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway and suppressing OPG. Our findings suggest that targeting FKN/CX3CR1 may provide new strategies for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lu Guo
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lizhao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jingcheng Li
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yan Pi
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Li C, Zhong X, Xia W, He J, Gan H, Zhao H, Xia Y. The CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis is upregulated in chronic kidney disease and contributes to angiotensin II-induced migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. Microvasc Res 2020; 132:104037. [PMID: 32615135 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of the chemokine axis, CX3CL1/CX3CR1, in the development of cardiovascular diseases has been widely speculated. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a pivotal factor promoting cardiovascular complications in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Whether there is a link between the two in CKD remains unclear. METHODS The uremic mice were treated with losartan for 8 weeks, and the expression of aortic CX3CL1/CX3CR1 was detected. Cultured mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were stimulated with Ang II, and then CX3CR1 expression was assessed by western blot. After the targeted disruption of CX3CR1 by transfection with siRNA, the migration of VSMCs was detected by transwell assay. Finally, both the activation of Akt pathway and the expression of IL-6 were detected by western blot. RESULTS Losartan treatment reduced the upregulation of aortic CX3CL1/CX3CR1 expression in uremic mice. In vitro, Ang II significantly upregulated CX3CR1 expression in VSMCs. Targeted disruption of CX3CR1 attenuated Ang II-induced migration of VSMCs. In addition, the use of CX3CR1-siRNA suppressed Akt phosphorylation and IL-6 production in VSMCs stimulated by Ang II. CONCLUSIONS The aortic CX3CL1/CX3CR1 is upregulated by Ang II in CKD, and it contributes to Ang II-induced migration of VSMCs in vitro.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1/genetics
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Chemokine CX3CL1/genetics
- Chemokine CX3CL1/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Phosphorylation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Up-Regulation
- Uremia/metabolism
- Uremia/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsheng Li
- Department of General Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wenyu Xia
- Class 4, Grade 2, Guangzhou Zhixin High School, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Jin He
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hua Gan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - HongFei Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yunfeng Xia
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Chaweewannakorn C, Nyasha MR, Chen W, Sekiai S, Tsuchiya M, Hagiwara Y, Bouzakri K, Sasaki K, Kanzaki M. Exercise‐evoked intramuscular neutrophil‐endothelial interactions support muscle performance and GLUT4 translocation: a mouse gnawing model study. J Physiol 2019; 598:101-122. [DOI: 10.1113/jp278564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chayanit Chaweewannakorn
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic DentistryGraduate School of DentistryTohoku University Sendai Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical EngineeringTohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Mazvita R. Nyasha
- Graduate School of Biomedical EngineeringTohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Weijian Chen
- Graduate School of Biomedical EngineeringTohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Shigenori Sekiai
- Graduate School of Biomedical EngineeringTohoku University Sendai Japan
| | | | - Yoshihiro Hagiwara
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineTohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Karim Bouzakri
- Centre Européen d'Etude du DiabèteDiabète et ThérapeutiqueUniversité de StrasbourgFédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg EA7294 Strasbourg France
| | - Keiichi Sasaki
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic DentistryGraduate School of DentistryTohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Makoto Kanzaki
- Graduate School of Biomedical EngineeringTohoku University Sendai Japan
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12
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Schouten LRA, Bos LDJ, Serpa Neto A, van Vught LA, Wiewel MA, Hoogendijk AJ, Bonten MJM, Cremer OL, Horn J, van der Poll T, Schultz MJ, Wösten-van Asperen RM. Increased mortality in elderly patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome is not explained by host response. Intensive Care Med Exp 2019; 7:58. [PMID: 31664603 PMCID: PMC6820655 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-019-0270-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Advanced age is associated with increased mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. Preclinical studies suggest that the host response to an injurious challenge is age-dependent. In ARDS patients, we investigated whether the association between age and mortality is mediated through age-related differences in the host response. Methods This was a prospective longitudinal observational cohort study, performed in the ICUs of two university-affiliated hospitals. The systemic host response was characterized in three predefined age-groups, based on the age-tertiles of the studied population: young (18 to 54 years, N = 209), middle-aged (55 to 67 years, N = 213), and elderly (67 years and older, N = 196). Biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial activation, and coagulation were determined in plasma obtained at the onset of ARDS. The primary outcome was 90-day mortality. A mediation analysis was performed to examine whether age-related differences in biomarker levels serve as potential causal pathways mediating the association between age and mortality. Results Ninety-day mortality rates were 30% (63/209) in young, 37% (78/213) in middle-aged, and 43% (84/196) in elderly patients. Middle-aged and elderly patients had a higher risk of death compared to young patients (adjusted odds ratio, 1.5 [95% confidence interval 1.0 to 2.3] and 2.1 [1.4 to 3.4], respectively). Relative to young patients, the elderly had significantly lower systemic levels of biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial activation. Tissue plasminogen activator, a marker of coagulation, was the only biomarker that showed partial mediation (proportion of mediation, 10 [1 to 28] %). Conclusion Little evidence was found that the association between age and mortality in ARDS patients is mediated through age-dependent differences in host response pathways. Only tissue plasminogen activator was identified as a possible mediator of interest. Trial registration This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier NCT01905033, date of registration July 23, 2013).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R A Schouten
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. .,Department of Intensive Care, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L·E·I·C·A), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Lieuwe D J Bos
- Department of Intensive Care, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L·E·I·C·A), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Serpa Neto
- Department of Intensive Care, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lonneke A van Vught
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maryse A Wiewel
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arie J Hoogendijk
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marc J M Bonten
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Olaf L Cremer
- Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Janneke Horn
- Department of Intensive Care, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L·E·I·C·A), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcus J Schultz
- Department of Intensive Care, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L·E·I·C·A), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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13
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Kulkarni NN, Takahashi T, Sanford JA, Tong Y, Gombart AF, Hinds B, Cheng JY, Gallo RL. Innate Immune Dysfunction in Rosacea Promotes Photosensitivity and Vascular Adhesion Molecule Expression. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 140:645-655.e6. [PMID: 31472105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.08.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Rosacea is a chronic skin disease characterized by photosensitivity, abnormal dermal vascular behavior, inflammation, and enhanced expression of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37. We observed that dermal endothelial cells in rosacea had an increased expression of VCAM1 and hypothesized that LL-37 could be responsible for this response. The digestion of double-stranded RNA from keratinocytes exposed to UVB blocked the capacity of these cells to induce adhesion molecules on dermal microvascular endothelial cells. However, a synthetic noncoding snoU1RNA was only capable of increasing adhesion molecules on endothelial cells in the presence of LL-37, suggesting that the capacity of UVB exposure to promote both double-stranded RNA and LL-37 was responsible for the endothelial response to keratinocytes. Sequencing of RNA from the endothelial cells uncovered the activation of Gene Ontology (GO) pathways relevant to the human disease, such as type I and II interferon signaling, cell-cell adhesion, leukocyte chemotaxis, and angiogenesis. Functional relevance was demonstrated as double-stranded RNA and LL-37 promoted adhesion and transmigration of monocytes across the endothelial cell monolayers. Gene knockdown of TLR3, RIGI, or IRF1 decreased monocyte adhesion in endothelial cells, confirming the role of the double-stranded RNA recognition pathways. These observations show how the expression of LL-37 can lead to enhanced sensitivity to UVB radiation in rosacea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil N Kulkarni
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Toshiya Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - James A Sanford
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Yun Tong
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Adrian F Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Brian Hinds
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Joyce Y Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Richard L Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
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14
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Anti-inflammatory Action of Metformin with Respect to CX3CL1/CX3CR1 Signaling in Human Placental Circulation in Normal-Glucose Versus High-Glucose Environments. Inflammation 2019; 41:2246-2264. [PMID: 30097812 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0867-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Upregulation of chemokine CX3CL1 and its receptor CX3CR1 occurs in the diabetic human placenta. Metformin, an insulin-sensitizing biguanide, is used in the therapy of diabetic pregnancy. By preventing the activation of NF-κB, metformin exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. We examined the influence of hyperglycemia (25 mmol/L glucose; HG group; N = 36) on metformin-mediated effects on CX3CL1 and TNF-α production by placental lobules perfused extracorporeally. Additionally, CX3CR1 expression and contents of CX3CR1, TNF-α receptor 1 (TNFR1), and NF-κB proteins in the placental tissue were evaluated. Placentae perfused under normoglycemia (5 mmol/L glucose; NG group; N = 36) served as the control. Metformin (2.5 and 5.0 mg/L; subgroups B and C) lowered the production of CX3CL1 and TNF-α in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Hyperglycemia did not weaken the strength of these metformin effects. Moreover, CX3CL1 levels after perfusion with 5.0 mg/L metformin were reduced by 33.28 and 33.83% (at 120 and 150 min, respectively) in the HG-C subgroup versus 24.98 and 23.66% in the NG-C subgroup, which indicated an augmentation of the metformin action over time in hyperglycemia. CX3CR1 expression was significantly higher in the HG-B and HG-C subgroups compared to that in the NG-B and NG-C subgroups. Increased CX3CR1 protein content in the placental lysates was observed in subgroups B and C. The two higher metformin concentrations significantly decreased the levels of NF-κBp65 protein content in both groups. However, the decrease was significantly stronger in hyperglycemia. TNFR1 upregulation in the HG group was not affected by metformin. Further studies on metformin therapy during pregnancy are needed, including safety issues.
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15
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Li C, He J, Zhong X, Gan H, Xia Y. CX3CL1/CX3CR1 Axis Contributes to Angiotensin II-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Inflammatory Cytokine Production. Inflammation 2018; 41:824-834. [PMID: 29356931 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) dysregulation has been determined in many diseases. The CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis, which has a key role in cardiovascular diseases, is involved in the proliferation and inflammatory cytokine production of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In this study, we aim to explore whether Ang II has a role in the expression of CX3CL1/CX3CR1, thus contributing to the proliferation and pro-inflammatory status of VSMCs. Cultured mouse aortic VSMCs were stimulated with 100 nmol/L of Ang II, and the expression of CX3CR1 was assessed by western blot. The results demonstrated that Ang II significantly up-regulated CX3CR1 expression in VSMCs and induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, ROS, and AT1 receptor significantly reduced Ang II-induced CX3CR1 expression. Targeted disruption of CX3CR1 by transfection with siRNA significantly attenuated Ang II-induced VSMC proliferation as well as down-regulated the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Furthermore, CX3CR1-siRNA suppressed the effect of Ang II on stimulating Akt phosphorylation. Besides, the use of CX3CR1-siRNA decreased inflammatory cytokine production induced by Ang II treatment. Our results indicate that Ang II up-regulates CX3CR1 expression in VSMCs via NADPH oxidase/ROS/p38 MAPK pathway and that CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis contributes to the proliferative and pro-inflammatory effects of Ang II in VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsheng Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin He
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Gan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Xia
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Sakai M, Takeuchi H, Yu Z, Kikuchi Y, Ono C, Takahashi Y, Ito F, Matsuoka H, Tanabe O, Yasuda J, Taki Y, Kawashima R, Tomita H. Polymorphisms in the microglial marker molecule CX3CR1 affect the blood volume of the human brain. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 72:409-422. [PMID: 29485193 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM CX3CR1, a G-protein-coupled receptor, is involved in various inflammatory processes. Two non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms, V249I (rs3732379) and T280M (rs3732378), are located in the sixth and seventh transmembrane domains of the CX3CR1 protein, respectively. Previous studies have indicated significant associations between T280M and leukocyte functional characteristics, including adhesion, signaling, and chemotaxis, while the function of V249I is unclear. In the brain, microglia are the only proven and widely accepted CX3CR1-expressing cells. This study aimed to specify whether there were specific brain regions on which these two single nucleotide polymorphisms exert their biological impacts through their functional effects on microglia. METHODS Associations between the single nucleotide polymorphisms and brain characteristics, including gray and white matter volumes, white matter integrity, resting arterial blood volume, and cerebral blood flow, were evaluated among 1300 healthy Japanese individuals. RESULTS The major allele carriers (V249 and T280) were significantly associated with an increased total arterial blood volume of the whole brain, especially around the bilateral precuneus, left posterior cingulate cortex, and left posterior parietal cortex. There were no significant associations between the genotypes and other brain structural indicators. CONCLUSION This finding suggests that the CX3CR1 variants may affect arterial structures in the brain, possibly via interactions between microglia and brain microvascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Sakai
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hikaru Takeuchi
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Zhiqian Yu
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshie Kikuchi
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ono
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuta Takahashi
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Ito
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroo Matsuoka
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Osamu Tanabe
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jun Yasuda
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Smart Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tomita
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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17
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Chen Q, Huang J, Gong W, Chen Z, Huang J, Liu P, Huang H. MRTF-A mediated FN and ICAM-1 expression in AGEs-induced rat glomerular mesangial cells via activating STAT5. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 460:123-133. [PMID: 28712960 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), formed at an accelerated rate under diabetes, play a role in inflammation and fibrosis in mesangial areas in diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the transcriptional modulator that mediates the cellular response to AGEs remains largely obscure. Our goal was to determine whether myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF)-A, a key protein involved in the transcriptional regulation of smooth muscle cell phenotype, was responsible for the glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) injury by AGEs, and, if so, how MRTF-A promoted mesangial dysfunction initiated by AGEs. In this study, MRTF-A was activated by AGEs in terms of protein expression and nuclear translocation in rat GMCs. MRTF-A overexpression synergistically enhanced the induction of FN and ICAM-1 by AGEs. In contract, depletion of MRTF-A abrogated the pathogenic program triggered by AGEs. Then, by interfering with MRTF-A, STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5 nuclear translocation were observed and we screened out STAT5, which was decreased obviously when MRTF-A depleted. Further investigation showed that MRTF-A interacted with STAT5 and promoted its nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity. Therefore, our present findings suggested a role of MRTF-A in AGEs-induced GMCs injury, and further revealed that the underlying molecular mechanism was related to activating the nuclear factor STAT5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junying Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenyan Gong
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhiquan Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiani Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Heqing Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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18
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Han L, Li X, Zhang G, Xu Z, Gong D, Lu F, Liu X. Pericardial interstitial cell senescence responsible for pericardial structural remodeling in idiopathic and postsurgical constrictive pericarditis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017; 154:966-975.e4. [PMID: 28456362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.03.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Idiopathic and postsurgical constrictive pericarditis is characterized by pericardial structural remodeling that involves fibrosis, calcification, and inflammation. This study aimed to determine whether cell senescence was responsible for pericardial structural remodeling. METHODS Pericardial interstitial cells derived from patients with idiopathic or postsurgical pericarditis (pericarditis cells) were harvested. Timing of senescence and differences in telomere length were compared between age- and sex-matched controls (nonpericarditis cells). Pericardial interstitial cells derived from normal pericardia were serially passaged until senescence (senescent cells). Apoptosis, collagen matrix, calcium deposition, chemoattractant properties, gene expression profiles, and paracrine effects of senescent cells were compared with nonsenescent cells of passage 2 (nonsenescent cells). RESULTS Pericarditis cells displayed senescent changes, including short telomere length, large flattened cell sizes, positive staining for senescence-associated β-galactosidase, and limited growth capacity. These senescent cells were resistant to apoptosis, produced more collagen matrix, deposited more calcium, and attracted more monocytes/lymphocytes than the nonsenescent cells. A cluster of genes involved in extracellular matrix deposition (connective tissue growth factor, fibronectin, collagen type I, collagen type III, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1), calcium deposition (osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, osteonectin, and matrix Gla protein), and inflammatory cell recruitment (interleukin-6, chemoattractant protein-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α) were upregulated in senescent cells, whereas extracellular matrix-degrading enzyme (metalloproteinase-1 and metalloproteinase-3) was downregulated. Furthermore, senescent cells had the ability to promote the proliferation, differentiation, and senescence of neighboring cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that senescent cells have characteristics promoting pericardial structural remodeling, but further work is needed to establish causation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Han
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyun Xu
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dejun Gong
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanglin Lu
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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19
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N-terminal pyroglutamate formation in CX3CL1 is essential for its full biologic activity. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170712. [PMID: 28739588 PMCID: PMC5634468 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CX3CL1 (fractalkine) is a unique member of the CX3C chemokine family and mediates
both adhesion and cell migration in inflammatory processes. Frequently, the
activity of chemokines depends on a modified N-terminus as described for the
N-terminus of CCL2 modified to a pGlu- (pyroglutamate) residue by QC (glutaminyl
cyclase) activity. Here, we assess the role of the pGlu-modified residue of the
CX3CL1 chemokine domain in human endothelial and smooth muscle cells. For the
first time, we demonstrated using MS that QC (QPCT, gene name
of QC) or its isoenzyme isoQC (iso-glutaminyl cyclase) (QPCTL,
gene name of isoQC) catalyse the formation of N-terminal-modified pGlu-CX3CL1.
Expression of QPCT is co-regulated with its substrates
CCL2 and CX3CL1 in HUVECs (human umbilical
vein endothelial cells) and HCASMCs (human coronary artery smooth muscle cells)
upon stimulation with TNF-α and IL-1β whereas
QPCTL expression is not affected. By contrast, inhibition
of the NF-κB pathway using an IKK2 inhibitor decreased the expression of
the co-regulated targets QPCT, CCL2, and
CX3CL1. Furthermore, RNAi-mediated inhibition of
QPCT expression resulted in a reduction in
CCL2 and CX3CL1 mRNA. In HCASMCs,
N-terminal-modified pGlu1-CX3CL1 induced a significant stronger effect on
phosphorylation of ERK (extracellular signal regulated kinase) 1/2, Akt (protein
kinase B), and p38 (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase) kinases than the
immature Gln1-CX3CL1 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore,
pGlu1-CX3CL1 affected the expression of CCL2, CX3CL1, and the
adhesion molecule ICAM1/CD54 (intercellular adhesion
molecule-1) inducing in higher expression level compared with its Gln1-variant
in both HCASMCs and HUVECs. These results strongly suggest that QC-catalysed
N-terminal pGlu formation of CX3CL1 is important for the stability or the
interaction with its receptor and opens new insights into the function of QC in
inflammation.
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20
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Szukiewicz D, Pyzlak M, Szewczyk G, Stangret A, Trojanowski S, Bachanek M, Braksator W, Wejman J. High Glucose Level Disturbs the Resveratrol-Evoked Curtailment of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 Signaling in Human Placental Circulation. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:9853108. [PMID: 28655972 PMCID: PMC5471565 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9853108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia-induced hyperactivity of chemokine CX3CL1 (fractalkine) occurs in the human placenta. Anti-inflammatory/antioxidant activities of resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) are related to the modulation of chemokine CX3CL1 and its receptor, CX3CR1, signaling pathways. We examined the influence of high glucose (25 mmol/L glucose; HG group; N = 36) on resveratrol-mediated effects on CX3CL1 and TNF-α production by the placental lobule, CX3CR1 expression and contents of CX3CR1, TNF-α receptor 1 (TNFR1), and NF-κB proteins in placental tissue. The placental lobules perfused under normoglycemic conditions formed the control NG group (N = 36). Resveratrol (50 and 100 μM; subgroups B and C) administered into the perfusion fluid lowered the production of both CX3CL1 and TNF-α. The reductions in CX3CL1 levels were more evident in the NG group. CX3CR1 expression was significantly higher in the NG subgroups B and C compared to the HG subgroups B and C (385.2 and 426.5% versus 199.3 and 282.4%, resp.). An increase in CX3CR1 protein content in placental lysates was observed in the NG subgroups B and C. Also, resveratrol significantly decreased NF-κBp65 protein content only in the NG group, not affecting hyperglycemia-elicited TNFR1 upregulation. In conclusion, euglycemia assures optimal effects of resveratrol pertaining to CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling in the placenta. Future studies on resveratrol are needed, especially those including maternal-fetal risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of General & Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Second Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Pawinskiego 3C, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Pyzlak
- Department of General & Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Second Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Pawinskiego 3C, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Szewczyk
- Department of General & Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Second Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Pawinskiego 3C, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Stangret
- Department of General & Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Second Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Pawinskiego 3C, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Seweryn Trojanowski
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Kondratowicza 8, 03-242 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Bachanek
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Kondratowicza 8, 03-242 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Braksator
- Department of Cardiology, Hypertension, and Internal Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Kondratowicza 8, 03-242 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Wejman
- Department of Pathology, Professor Witold Orlowski Public Clinical Hospital, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, ul. Czerniakowska 231, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland
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Downregulation of CX 3CR1 ameliorates experimental colitis: evidence for CX 3CL1-CX 3CR1-mediated immune cell recruitment. Int J Colorectal Dis 2017; 32:315-324. [PMID: 27942903 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-016-2735-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inflammatory conditions like inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by increased immune cell infiltration. The chemokine ligand CX3CL1 and its receptor CX3CR1 have been shown to be involved in leukocyte adhesion, transendothelial recruitment, and chemotaxis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe CX3CL1-CX3CR1-mediated signaling in the induction of immune cell recruitment during experimental murine colitis. METHODS Acute colitis was induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), and sepsis was induced by injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Serum concentrations of CX3CR1 and CX3CL1 were measured by ELISA. Wild-type and CX3CR1-/- mice were challenged with DSS, and on day 6, intravital microscopy was performed to monitor colonic leukocyte and platelet recruitment. Intestinal inflammation was assessed by disease activity, histopathology, and neutrophil infiltration. RESULTS CX3CR1 was upregulated in DSS colitis and LPS-induced sepsis. CX3CR1-/- mice were protected from disease severity and intestinal injury in DSS colitis, and CX3CR1 deficiency resulted in reduced rolling of leukocytes and platelets. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, we provide evidence for a crucial role of CX3CL1-CX3CR1 in experimental colitis, in particular for intestinal leukocyte recruitment during murine colitis. Our findings suggest that CX3CR1 blockade represents a potential therapeutic strategy for treatment of IBD.
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Morimura S, Oka T, Sugaya M, Sato S. CX3CR1 deficiency attenuates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation with decreased M1 macrophages. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 82:175-88. [PMID: 26976687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1), a receptor for CX3CL1, mediates migration of inflammatory cells. Psoriasis is a common skin disorder that causes skin inflammation. The role of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 in psoriasis remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the role of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 in psoriasis, we assessed imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis in CX3CR1-deficient mice. METHODS We evaluated skin inflammation by assessing erythema, scaling, and ear thickness in CX3CR1(-/-) mice and wild-type (WT) mice. Furthermore, we measured cytokine production by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. We investigated infiltrating cells in skin by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. After confirming phenotypical differences in macrophages between WT and CX3CR1(-/-) mice, we analyzed expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in peritoneal macrophages with or without stimulation of CX3CL1. We finally transferred peritoneal macrophages into the ear before IMQ application. RESULTS Skin inflammation assessed by erythema, scaling, and epidermal thickness was significantly reduced in CX3CR1(-/-) mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice, accompanied by decreases in cytokine production for IL-12, IL-23, IL-17A, IL-22, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-36. On day 6, increase in ear thickness from the baseline of CX3CR1(-/-) mice was one third of that of WT mice. Skin macrophages of CX3CR1(-/-) mice contained increased levels of CCR2 and decreased levels of MCP-1 compared with those from WT mice. Spontaneous expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in peritoneal macrophages of naïve CX3CR1(-/-) mice were significantly lower than those of WT mice. Furthermore, stimulation of WT macrophages with CX3CL1 decreased expression of these cytokines, suggesting that altered macrophage populations, but not loss of interaction between CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 signaling, caused differences in cytokine expression and skin inflammation. Moreover, transfer of macrophages from WT mice normalized IMQ-induced psoriasis-like inflammation in CX3CR1(-/-) mice, suggesting that macrophages contributed to the decreased inflammation resulted from CX3CR1 deficiency. CONCLUSION These data show that interactions between CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 play important roles for infiltration of M1 macrophages in a non-inflammatory setting. Decreased M1 macrophages in naïve CX3CR1(-/-) mice may be related to decreased cytokine expression and attenuated psoriasis-like inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohshi Morimura
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Oka
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Sugaya
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhang Y, Zheng J, Zhou Z, Zhou H, Wang Y, Gong Z, Zhu J. Fractalkine promotes chemotaxis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells towards ischemic brain lesions through Jak2 signaling and cytoskeletal reorganization. FEBS J 2015; 282:891-903. [PMID: 25559502 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The fractalkine (FKN)-CX3CR1 (FKN receptor) axis reportedly plays an important role in the progression of many neural pathologies. However, its role in the recruitment of bone marrow-derived progenitor cells for neurogenesis remains elusive. The chemokine-based mechanism underlying the migration of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) was investigated in a double-chamber transmigration model with recombinant FKN and endogenous FKN extract, and the results confirmed the involvement of FKN in migration. This chemotactic response was CX3CR1-dependent and FKN-sensitive. Western blotting, immunoprecipitation and transmigration assays revealed that the Janus kinase (Jak)2-signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)5α-extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)1/2 pathway was activated by FKN. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to demonstrate cytoskeletal reorganization caused by remodeling of the surface receptor integrin α5β1, intracellular phosphorylation of Fak and Pax, and upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 during BMSC migration. Moreover, significant inhibition of signaling and migration was detected after treatment of cells with Jak2-interfering RNA or the antagonist AG490. In addition, the results of a fluorescence immunohistochemical analysis of an in vivo chemotactic model, developed via transplantation of BMSCs into transient middle cerebral artery-occluded rats, were consistent with the in vitro results. These findings suggest that FKN activates Jak2-Stat5α-ERK1/2 signaling through CX3CR1, thereby triggering integrin-dependent machinery reorganization to allow chemotactic migration of BMSCs towards an ischemic cerebral lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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24
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The role of fractalkine (CX3CL1) in regulation of CD4(+) cell migration to the central nervous system in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Clin Immunol 2015; 157:121-32. [PMID: 25596452 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fractalkine (CX3CL1) levels are increased in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), as well as in the CSF and serum samples from patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). A higher percentage of circulating CD4(+) T-cells expressed its surface receptor (CX3CR1) and intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) in RRMS patients in comparison to healthy controls (HCs). The CX3CR1(+)ICAM-1(+)CD4(+) T-cells are enriched in the CSF of the RRMS patients. In vitro migration studies revealed that CD4(+) T-cells, which migrated toward a CX3CL1 gradient, expressed higher levels of ICAM-1 than non-migrating cells. CX3CL1 significantly increased IFN-γ and TNF-α gene expression and IFN-γ secretion by CD4(+) T-cells derived from the RRMS patients. CX3CL1 upregulated ICAM-1 expression on the surface of RRMS patient-derived but not HC-derived CD4(+) T-cells. Thus, CX3CL1 induces recruitment of CX3CR1(+)ICAM-1(+)CD4(+) T-cells into the central nervous system (CNS) during the early inflammatory response in MS.
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25
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Sugaya M. Chemokines and Skin Diseases. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2014; 63:109-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00005-014-0313-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Neiva I, Malva JO, Valero J. Can we talk about microglia without neurons? A discussion of microglial cell autonomous properties in culture. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:202. [PMID: 25104923 PMCID: PMC4109436 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Neiva
- Neuroprotection and Neurogenesis in Brain Repair Group, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João O Malva
- Neuroprotection and Neurogenesis in Brain Repair Group, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal ; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge Valero
- Neuroprotection and Neurogenesis in Brain Repair Group, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal ; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal
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Liu Y, Zhao T, Yang Z, Li Q. CX3CR1 RNAi inhibits hypoxia-induced microglia activation via p38MAPK/PKC pathway. Int J Exp Pathol 2014; 95:153-7. [PMID: 24628787 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence which demonstrates that chronic cerebral ischaemia can induce white matter lesions (WMLs), and microglia-activation-mediated cytokines and proteases releasing during the ischaemia might play a vital role in pathogenesis. In addition, hypoxia-induced upregulated expression of fractalkine promotes the activation of microglia and their migration to the lesions through interaction with its receptor CX3CR1. However, the specific mechanisms involved in fractalkine/CX3CR1-mediated microglial activation have not been fully identified. In the present study, we constructed lentivirus encoding shRNA against CX3CR1 and transduced into microglial cells in under hypoxic conditions. Moreover, we analysed the proliferation, cytokine secretion and signal-pathway activation of the microglia. We found that CX3CR1 RNAi-mediated gene downregulation could attenuate hypoxic-induced microglial proliferation, cytokine secretion [including tumuor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β)] and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) synthesis. These effects were shown to be nediated through p38MAPK/PKC activation. Therefore, our results reveal a novel mechanism of fractalkine/CX3CR1 involvement in activation of microglia. Thus CX3CR1 RNAi might provide a therapeutic strategy which could be useful in chronic cerebral ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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28
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Boerckel JD, Chandrasekharan UM, Waitkus MS, Tillmaand EG, Bartlett R, Dicorleto PE. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 promotes neovascularization and angiogenic gene expression. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:1020-31. [PMID: 24578378 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels through endothelial cell sprouting. This process requires the mitogen-activated protein kinases, signaling molecules that are negatively regulated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of MKP-1 in neovascularization in vivo and identify associated mechanisms in endothelial cells. APPROACH AND RESULTS We used murine hindlimb ischemia as a model system to evaluate the role of MKP-1 in angiogenic growth, remodeling, and arteriogenesis in vivo. Genomic deletion of MKP-1 blunted angiogenesis in the distal hindlimb and microvascular arteriogenesis in the proximal hindlimb. In vitro, endothelial MKP-1 depletion/deletion abrogated vascular endothelial growth factor-induced migration and tube formation, and reduced proliferation. These observations establish MKP-1 as a positive mediator of angiogenesis and contrast with the canonical function of MKP-1 as a mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase, implying an alternative mechanism for MKP-1-mediated angiogenesis. Cloning and sequencing of MKP-1-bound chromatin identified localization of MKP-1 to exonic DNA of the angiogenic chemokine fractalkine, and MKP-1 depletion reduced histone H3 serine 10 dephosphorylation on this DNA locus and blocked fractalkine expression. In vivo, MKP-1 deletion abrogated ischemia-induced fractalkine expression and macrophage and T-lymphocyte infiltration in distal hindlimbs, whereas fractalkine delivery to ischemic hindlimbs rescued the effect of MKP-1 deletion on neovascular hindlimb recovery. CONCLUSIONS MKP-1 promoted angiogenic and arteriogenic neovascular growth, potentially through dephosphorylation of histone H3 serine 10 on coding-region DNA to control transcription of angiogenic genes, such as fractalkine. These observations reveal a novel function for MKP-1 and identify MKP-1 as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Boerckel
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (J.D.B., U.M.C., M.S.W., E.G.T., R.B., P.E.D.); and Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, IN (J.D.B.)
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Lionakis MS, Swamydas M, Fischer BG, Plantinga TS, Johnson MD, Jaeger M, Green NM, Masedunskas A, Weigert R, Mikelis C, Wan W, Lee CCR, Lim JK, Rivollier A, Yang JC, Laird GM, Wheeler RT, Alexander BD, Perfect JR, Gao JL, Kullberg BJ, Netea MG, Murphy PM. CX3CR1-dependent renal macrophage survival promotes Candida control and host survival. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:5035-51. [PMID: 24177428 DOI: 10.1172/jci71307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic Candida albicans infection causes high morbidity and mortality and is associated with neutropenia; however, the roles of other innate immune cells in pathogenesis are poorly defined. Here, using a mouse model of systemic candidiasis, we found that resident macrophages accumulated in the kidney, the main target organ of infection, and formed direct contacts with the fungus in vivo mainly within the first few hours after infection. Macrophage accumulation and contact with Candida were both markedly reduced in mice lacking chemokine receptor CX3CR1, which was found almost exclusively on resident macrophages in uninfected kidneys. Infected Cx3cr1-/- mice uniformly succumbed to Candida-induced renal failure, but exhibited clearance of the fungus in all other organs tested. Renal macrophage deficiency in infected Cx3cr1-/- mice was due to reduced macrophage survival, not impaired proliferation, trafficking, or differentiation. In humans, the dysfunctional CX3CR1 allele CX3CR1-M280 was associated with increased risk of systemic candidiasis. Together, these data indicate that CX3CR1-mediated renal resident macrophage survival is a critical innate mechanism of early fungal control that influences host survival in systemic candidiasis.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/physiology
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1
- Candida albicans/immunology
- Candida albicans/physiology
- Candida albicans/ultrastructure
- Candidiasis, Invasive/immunology
- Candidiasis, Invasive/pathology
- Cell Movement
- Chemokine CCL2/physiology
- Chemokine CX3CL1/physiology
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology
- Humans
- Hyphae/ultrastructure
- Kidney/immunology
- Kidney/microbiology
- Kidney/pathology
- Macrophage Activation
- Macrophages/microbiology
- Macrophages/physiology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Models, Animal
- Monocytes/microbiology
- Monocytes/physiology
- Netherlands
- Organ Specificity
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Radiation Chimera
- Receptors, CCR2/physiology
- Receptors, Chemokine/deficiency
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Receptors, Chemokine/physiology
- Risk Factors
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- United States
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Yang XP, Amar MJ, Vaisman B, Bocharov AV, Vishnyakova TG, Freeman LA, Kurlander RJ, Patterson AP, Becker LC, Remaley AT. Scavenger receptor-BI is a receptor for lipoprotein(a). J Lipid Res 2013; 54:2450-7. [PMID: 23812625 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m038877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) is a multi-ligand receptor that binds a variety of lipoproteins, including high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL), but lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] has not been investigated as a possible ligand. Stable cell lines (HEK293 and HeLa) expressing human SR-BI were incubated with protein- or lipid-labeled Lp(a) to investigate SR-BI-dependent Lp(a) cell association. SR-BI expression enhanced the association of both (125)I- and Alexa Fluor-labeled protein from Lp(a). By confocal microscopy, SR-BI was also found to promote the internalization of fluorescent lipids (BODIPY-cholesteryl ester (CE)- and DiI-labeled) from Lp(a), and by immunocytochemistry the cellular internalization of apolipoprotein(a) and apolipoprotein B. When dual-labeled ((3)H-cholesteryl ether,(125)I-protein) Lp(a) was added to cells expressing SR-BI, there was a greater relative increase in lipid uptake over protein, indicating that SR-BI mediates selective lipid uptake from Lp(a). Compared with C57BL/6 control mice, transgenic mice overexpressing human SR-BI in liver were found to have increased plasma clearance of (3)H-CE-Lp(a), whereas mouse scavenger receptor class B type I knockout (Sr-b1-KO) mice had decreased plasma clearance (fractional catabolic rate: 0.63 ± 0.08/day, 1.64 ± 0.62/day, and 4.64 ± 0.40/day for Sr-b1-KO, C57BL/6, and human scavenger receptor class B type I transgenic mice, respectively). We conclude that Lp(a) is a novel ligand for SR-BI and that SR-BI mediates selective uptake of Lp(a)-associated lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ping Yang
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Morimura S, Sugaya M, Sato S. Interaction between CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 regulates vasculitis induced by immune complex deposition. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 182:1640-7. [PMID: 23470165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A type III hypersensitivity reaction induced by an immune complex, such as leukocytoclastic vasculitis, is mediated by inflammatory cell infiltration that is highly regulated by multiple adhesion molecules. CX3CL1, a ligand for CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1), has recently been identified as a key mediator of leukocyte adhesion that functions without the recruitment of integrins or selectin-mediated rolling. To elucidate the role of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 in the development of leukocytoclastic vasculitis, the cutaneous and peritoneal reverse Arthus reactions, classic experimental models for immune complex-mediated tissue injury, were examined in mice lacking CX3CR1. CX3CL1 expression in sera and lesional skin of patients with polyarteritis nodosa (PN) and healthy controls was also examined. Edema and hemorrhage were significantly reduced in CX3CR1(-/-) mice compared with wild-type mice. Infiltration of neutrophils and mast cells and expression of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α were also decreased in CX3CR1(-/-) mice. CX3CL1 was expressed in endothelial cells during the cutaneous reverse Arthus reactions. Furthermore, serum CX3CL1 levels were significantly higher in patients with PN than in healthy controls. Endothelial cells in lesional skin of patients with PN strongly expressed CX3CL1. These results suggest that interactions between CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 may contribute to the development of leukocytoclastic vasculitis by regulating neutrophil and mast cell recruitment and cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohshi Morimura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Manduteanu I, Simionescu M. Inflammation in atherosclerosis: a cause or a result of vascular disorders? J Cell Mol Med 2013; 16:1978-90. [PMID: 22348535 PMCID: PMC3822968 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01552.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sound data support the concept that in atherosclerosis, inflammation and dyslipidemia intersect each other and that irrespective of the initiator, both participate from the early stages to the ultimate fate of the atheromatous plaque. The two partakers manoeuvre a vicious circle in atheroma formation: dyslipidaemia triggers an inflammatory process and inflammation elicits dyslipidaemia. Independent of the initial cause, the atherosclerotic lesions occur focally, in particular arterial-susceptible sites, by a process that, although continuous, can be arbitrarily divided into a sequence of consecutive stages that lead from fatty streak to the fibro-lipid plaque and ultimately to plaque rupture and thrombosis. In the process, the initial event is a change in endothelial cells (EC) constitutive properties. Then, the molecular alarm signals send by dysfunctional EC are decoded by specific blood immune cells (monocytes, T lymphocytes, neutrophils, mast cells) and by the resident vascular cells, that respond by initiating a robust inflammatory process, in which the cells and the factors they secrete hasten the atheroma development. Direct and indirect crosstalk between the cells housed within the nascent plaque, complemented by the increase in risk factors of atherosclerosis lead to atheroma development and outcome. The initial inflammatory response can be regarded as a defense/protective reaction mechanism, but its further amplification, speeds up atherosclerosis. In this review, we provide an overview on the role of inflammation and dyslipidaemia and their intersection in atherogenesis. The data may add to the foundation of a novel attitude in the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Manduteanu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology Nicolae Simionescu, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
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Mattagajasingh SN, Yang XP, Irani K, Mattagajasingh I, Becker LC. Activation of Stat3 in endothelial cells following hypoxia-reoxygenation is mediated by Rac1 and protein Kinase C. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1823:997-1006. [PMID: 22791907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Stat3 is an important transcription factor that regulates both proinflammatory and anit-apoptotic pathways in the heart. This study examined the mechanisms of activation of Stat3 in human endothelial cells following hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). By expression of constitutively active Rac1 mutant protein, and by RNA silencing of Rac1, we found that Stat3 forms a multiprotein complex with Rac1 and PKC in an H/R-dependent manner, which at least in part, appears to regulate Stat3 S727 phosphorylation. Selective inhibition of PKC with calphostin C produces a marked suppression of Stat3 S727 phosphorylation. The association of Stat3 with Rax1 occurs predominantly at the cell membrane, but also inside the nucleus, and occurs through the binding of the coiled-coil domain of Stat3 to the 54 NH(2)-terminal residues of Rac1. Transfection with a peptide comprising the NH(2)-terminal 17 amino acid residues of Rac1-dependent signaling pathways resulting in physical association between Rac1 and Stat3 and the formation of a novel multiprotein complex with PKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhendra N Mattagajasingh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Arteriolar and venular remodeling are differentially regulated by bone marrow-derived cell-specific CX3CR1 and CCR2 expression. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46312. [PMID: 23029475 PMCID: PMC3454326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptors CCR2 and CX3CR1 are critical for the recruitment of “inflammatory” and “resident” monocytes, respectively, subpopulations that differentially affect vascular remodeling in atherosclerosis. Here, we tested the hypothesis that bone marrow-derived cell (BMC)-specific CCR2 and CX3CR1 differentially control venular and arteriolar remodeling. Venular and arteriolar lumenal remodeling were observed by intravital microscopy in mice with either CCR2 or CX3CR1 deficient BMCs after implantation of a dorsal skinfold window chamber, a model in which arterioles and venules lumenally enlarge in wild-type (WT) mice. Arteriolar remodeling was abolished in mice with either CCR2 or CX3CR1-deficient BMCs. In contrast, the loss of CX3CR1 from BMCs, but not CCR2, significantly reduced small venule remodeling compared to WT controls. We conclude that microvascular remodeling is differentially regulated by BMC-expressed chemokine receptors. Both CCR2 and CX3CR1 regulate arteriole growth; however, only BMC-expressed CX3CR1 impacts small venule growth. These findings may provide a basis for additional investigations aimed at determining how patterns of monocyte subpopulation recruitment spatially influence microvascular remodeling.
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Reed JR, Stone MD, Beadnell TC, Ryu Y, Griffin TJ, Schwertfeger KL. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 activation in mammary tumor cells promotes macrophage recruitment in a CX3CL1-dependent manner. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45877. [PMID: 23029290 PMCID: PMC3454319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor formation is an extensive process requiring complex interactions that involve both tumor cell-intrinsic pathways and soluble mediators within the microenvironment. Tumor cells exploit the intrinsic functions of many soluble molecules, including chemokines and their receptors, to regulate pro-tumorigenic phenotypes that are required for growth and progression of the primary tumor. Previous studies have shown that activation of inducible FGFR1 (iFGFR1) in mammary epithelial cells resulted in increased proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and tumor formation in vivo. These studies also demonstrated that iFGFR1 activation stimulated recruitment of macrophages to the epithelium where macrophages contributed to iFGFR1-mediated epithelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. The studies presented here further utilize this model to identify the mechanisms that regulate FGFR1-induced macrophage recruitment. Results from this study elucidate a novel role for the inflammatory chemokine CX3CL1 in FGFR1-induced macrophage migration. Specifically, we illustrate that activation of both the inducible FGFR1 construct in mouse mammary epithelial cells and endogenous FGFR in the triple negative breast cancer cell line, HS578T, leads to expression of the chemokine CX3CL1. Furthermore, we demonstrate that FGFR-induced CX3CL1 is sufficient to recruit CX3CR1-expressing macrophages in vitro. Finally, blocking CX3CR1 in vivo leads to decreased iFGFR1-induced macrophage recruitment, which correlates with decreased angiogenesis. While CX3CL1 is a known target of FGF signaling in the wound healing environment, these studies demonstrate that FGFR activation also leads to induction of CX3CL1 in a tumor setting. Furthermore, these results define a novel role for CX3CL1 in promoting macrophage recruitment during mammary tumor formation, suggesting that the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis may represent a potential therapeutic approach for targeting breast cancers associated with high levels of tumor-associated macrophages.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Breast Neoplasms
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Chemokine CX3CL1/metabolism
- Chemokine CX3CL1/physiology
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/physiology
- Female
- Humans
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/physiology
- Mammary Glands, Animal/blood supply
- Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna R. Reed
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Matthew D. Stone
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Thomas C. Beadnell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Yungil Ryu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Timothy J. Griffin
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Kathryn L. Schwertfeger
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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36
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Zhang J, Hu H, Palma NL, Harrison JK, Mubarak KK, Carrie RD, Alnuaimat H, Shen X, Luo D, Patel JM. Hypoxia-induced endothelial CX3CL1 triggers lung smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching and proliferative expansion. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 303:L912-22. [PMID: 23002075 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00014.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Distal arterioles with limited smooth muscles help maintain the high blood flow and low pressure in the lung circulation. Chronic hypoxia induces lung distal vessel muscularization. However, the molecular events that trigger alveolar hypoxia-induced peripheral endothelium modulation of vessel wall smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and filling of nonmuscular areas are unclear. Here, we investigated the role of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 system in endothelial-SMC cross talk in response to hypoxia. Human lung microvascular endothelial cells responded to alveolar oxygen deficiency by overproduction of the chemokine CX3CL1. The CX3CL1 receptor CX3CR1 is expressed by SMCs that are adjacent to the distal endothelium. Hypoxic release of endothelial CX3CL1 induced SMC phenotypic switching from the contractile to the proliferative state. Inhibition of CX3CR1 prevented CX3CL1 stimulation of SMC proliferation and monolayer expansion. Furthermore, CX3CR1 deficiency attenuated spiral muscle expansion, distal vessel muscularization, and pressure elevation in response to hypoxia. Our findings indicate that the capillary endothelium relies on the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis to sense alveolar hypoxia and promote peripheral vessel muscularization. These results have clinical significance in the development of novel therapeutics that target mechanisms of distal arterial remodeling associated with pulmonary hypertension induced by oxygen deficiency that is present in people living at high altitudes and patients with obstructive lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Zhang
- Dept. of Medicine, Univ. of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610-0225, USA
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Wang Y, Li Y, Chen P, Luo Y, Yang Y, Yang Y. Elevated fractalkine in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome. Sleep Breath 2012; 17:203-8. [PMID: 22382653 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-012-0674-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) has been increasingly linked to cardiovascular disease. Inflammatory processes associated with OSAHS may contribute to atherosclerosis in these patients. Fractalkine is a unique chemokine which has both adhesive and chemoattractant functions. We tested the hypothesis that OSAHS patients have increased fractalkine. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 20 patients (18 males and 2 females) with newly diagnosed OSAHS, who were free of other diseases, had never been treated for OSAHS, and were taking no medications. We compared fractalkine measurements in these patients to measurements obtained in 15 control subjects (14 males and 1 female) who were matched for age and body mass index, and in whom occult OSAHS was excluded. Plasma fractalkine levels were significantly higher in patients with OSAHS than in controls (463.15 ± 110.78 versus 364.67 ± 64.81 pg/mL, F = 2.58, P = 0.004). Fractalkine were associated with AHI (r = 0.756, P < 0.0001), lowest oxygen saturation (r = -0.466, P = 0.005), and mean oxygen saturation (r = -0.344, P = 0.043). Plasma fractalkine levels were significantly decreased in patients with OSAHS after four nights nCPAP (463.15 ± 110.78 versus 416.75 ± 97.67 pg/mL, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS OSAHS is associated with elevated levels of fractalkine, a marker of inflammation related to atherosclerosis. The severity of OSAHS is proportional to the fractalkine level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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38
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Suzuki M, El-Hage N, Zou S, Hahn YK, Sorrell ME, Sturgill JL, Conrad DH, Knapp PE, Hauser KF. Fractalkine/CX3CL1 protects striatal neurons from synergistic morphine and HIV-1 Tat-induced dendritic losses and death. Mol Neurodegener 2011; 6:78. [PMID: 22093090 PMCID: PMC3287119 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-6-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fractalkine/CX3CL1 and its cognate receptor CX3CR1 are abundantly expressed in the CNS. Fractalkine is an unusual C-X3-C motif chemokine that is important in neuron-microglial communication, a co-receptor for HIV infection, and can be neuroprotective. To assess the effects of fractalkine on opiate-HIV interactive neurotoxicity, wild-type murine striatal neurons were co-cultured with mixed glia from the striata of wild-type or Cx3cr1 knockout mice ± HIV-1 Tat and/or morphine. Time-lapse digital images were continuously recorded at 20 min intervals for up to 72 h using computer-aided microscopy to track the same cells repeatedly. RESULTS Co-exposure to Tat and morphine caused synergistic increases in neuron death, dendritic pruning, and microglial motility as previously reported. Exogenous fractalkine prevented synergistic Tat and morphine-induced dendritic losses and neuron death even though the inflammatory mediator TNF-α remained significantly elevated. Antibody blockade of CX3CR1 mimicked the toxic effects of morphine plus Tat, but did not add to their toxicity; while fractalkine failed to protect wild-type neurons co-cultured with Cx3cr1-/--null glia against morphine and Tat toxicity. Exogenous fractalkine also normalized microglial motility, which is elevated by Tat and morphine co-exposure, presumably limiting microglial surveillance that may lead to toxic effects on neurons. Fractalkine immunofluorescence was expressed in neurons and to a lesser extent by other cell types, whereas CX3CR1 immunoreactivity or GFP fluorescence in cells cultured from the striatum of Cx3cr1-/- (Cx3cr1GFP/GFP) mice were associated with microglia. Immunoblotting shows that fractalkine levels were unchanged following Tat and/or morphine exposure and there was no increase in released fractalkine as determined by ELISA. By contrast, CX3CR1 protein levels were markedly downregulated. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that deficits in fractalkine-CX3CR1 signaling contribute to the synergistic neurotoxic effects of opioids and Tat. Importantly, exogenous fractalkine can selectively protect neurons from the injurious effects of chronic opioid-HIV-1 Tat co-exposure, and this suggests a potential therapeutic course for neuroAIDS. Although the cellular mechanisms underlying neuroprotection are not certain, findings that exogenous fractalkine reduces microglial motility and fails to protect neurons co-cultured with Cx3cr1-/- mixed glia suggest that fractalkine may act by interfering with toxic microglial-neuron interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA
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39
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Xuan W, Liao Y, Chen B, Huang Q, Xu D, Liu Y, Bin J, Kitakaze M. Detrimental effect of fractalkine on myocardial ischaemia and heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 92:385-93. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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40
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Chen DL, Chen TW, Chien CT, Li PC. Intravenous low redox potential saline attenuates FeCl3-induced vascular dysfunction via downregulation of endothelial H2O2, CX3CL1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and p53 expression. Transl Res 2011; 157:306-19. [PMID: 21497778 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2010.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 12/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Exaggerated reactive oxygen species (ROS) may contribute to vascular injury by the enhancement of CX3CL1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and pro-apoptotic p53 expression. Reduced water with safely antioxidant activity may protect vascular tissue against oxidative injury. We established reduced water (RW) by using a modified magnesium alloy and evaluated the effects of an RW-made culture medium on TNF-α-induced endothelial damage in vitro and intravenous RW-made saline (0.9%NaCl) infusion on FeCl(3)-induced arterial injury in rats in vivo. Several oxidative stresses were evaluated by using a chemiluminescence analyzer, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. We found that the established RW, RW-culture medium, and RW saline displayed a lower redox potential (<-150 mV) and efficient H(2)O(2) scavenging activity compared with distilled-water-made solutions. The RW-culture medium significantly depressed TNF-α-enhanced endothelial H(2)O(2) production; improved CX3CL1, ICAM-1, and p53 expression; and inhibited activated monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells as well as to the CX3CL1 or the ICAM-1 coated plate when compared with the distilled-water-culture medium. In the in vivo study, the time required for FeCl(3)-induced occlusion in the urethane anesthetized rat's carotid and femoral arteries was significantly extended by intravenous RW saline infusion compared with distilled-water saline. FeCl(3) stimulation significantly enhanced vascular NADPH oxidase activity, ROS production, as well as CX3CL1, ICAM-1, p53, 3-nitrotyrosine, and 4-hydroxynonenal expression in the damaged arteries. Intravenous RW saline significantly reduced all the FeCl(3)-enhanced oxidative parameters when compared with intravenous distilled-water-saline infusion. We conclude that the RW-culture medium and saline made from magnesium alloy confer cardiovascular protection by the antioxidant capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Lung Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Chung-Hsiao Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
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41
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Liu H, Jiang D. Fractalkine/CX3CR1 and atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:1180-6. [PMID: 21492740 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Fractalkine is a unique chemokine which has both adhesive and chemoattractant functions. With the increasing emphasis on the importance of inflammation in atherosclerosis, more attention has been focused on the role of chemokines in atherosclerosis. It has been shown that fractalkine/CX3CR1 participates in the atherosclerotic pathological process through mediating the recruitment of leukocytes and the interaction of vascular cells and leukocytes. Some signal pathways are simultaneously activated through fractalkine/CX3CR1 coupling to promote the inflammatory response in atherosclerotic vessels. Additionally, fractalkine has cytotoxic effects on endothelium as well as anti-apoptosis and proliferative effects on vascular cells which consequently changes plaque components and stability in plaque. Several studies have showed that fractalkine or CX3CR1 deficiency in atherosclerotic mice would ameliorate the severity of plaque. Population studies on CX3CR1 polymorphism have confirmed that 280M-containing haplotype is associated with reduced risk of atherosclerotic disease. Despite the apparent association with atherosclerosis, further studies on fractalkine/CX3CR1 chemokine pair are clearly warranted to more fully elucidate this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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Avni T, Paret G, Thaler A, Mishali D, Yishay S, Tal G, Dalal I. Delta chemokine (fractalkine)--a novel mediator of pulmonary arterial hypertension in children undergoing cardiac surgery. Cytokine 2011; 52:143-5. [PMID: 20869263 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2010.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Revised: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fractalkine (FKN), a unique chemokine associated with pulmonary hypertension, may be involved in the acute stress response that regulates inflammation after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery. We characterized FKN levels and correlated them with clinical parameters in children undergoing cardiac surgery involving CPB. METHODS Twenty-seven consecutive patients, aged 30 days to 11.5 years, who underwent surgery for correction of congenital heart defects, were prospectively studied. Serial blood samples were collected preoperatively, upon termination of CPB, and at six points postoperatively. Plasma was recovered immediately, aliquoted, and frozen at -70° C until assayed. Clinical and laboratory data were collected. RESULTS Baseline FKN levels were skewed between patients. Patients with low FKN levels showed significantly higher levels of oxygen saturation in room air compared to patients with high FKN levels (p<0.05). Moreover, there was a positive correlation between preoperative pulmonary arterial hypertension and FKN levels (p<0.05). Surprisingly, FKN elevation from preoperative to postoperative levels displayed no discernible pattern. CONCLUSIONS FKN levels significantly correlate with preoperative hypoxemia and PAH, suggesting that FKN may be up-regulated during hypoxemia. CPB is not associated with acute changes in circulating FKN levels. The role of FKN in the postoperative course should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Avni
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, The Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
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Inui M, Ishida Y, Kimura A, Kuninaka Y, Mukaida N, Kondo T. Protective roles of CX3CR1-mediated signals in toxin A-induced enteritis through the induction of heme oxygenase-1 expression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 186:423-31. [PMID: 21131421 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The injection of Clostridium difficile toxin A into the ileal loops caused fluid accumulation with the destruction of intestinal epithelial structure and the recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages. Concomitantly, intraileal gene expression of CX3CL1/fractalkine (FKN) and its receptor, CX3CR1, was enhanced. When treated with toxin A in a similar manner, CX3CR1-deficient (CX3CR1(-/-)) mice exhibited exaggerated fluid accumulation, histopathological alterations, and neutrophil recruitment, but not macrophage infiltration. Mice reconstituted with CX3CR1(-/-) mouse-derived bone marrow cells exhibited exacerbated toxin A-induced enteritis, indicating that the lack of the CX3CR1 gene for hematopoietic cells aggravated toxin A-induced enteritis. A heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor, tin-protoporphyrin-IX, markedly increased fluid accumulation in toxin A-treated wild-type mice, indicating the protective roles of HO-1 in this situation. HO-1 expression was detected mainly in F4/80-positive cells expressing CX3CR1, and CX3CR1(-/-) mice failed to increase HO-1 expression after toxin A treatment. Moreover, CX3CL1/FKN induced HO-1 gene expression by isolated lamina propria-derived macrophages or a mouse macrophage cell line, RAW264.7, through the activation of the ERK signal pathway. Thus, CX3CL1/FKN could induce CX3CR1-expressing macrophages to express HO-1, thereby ameliorating toxin A-induced enteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Inui
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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Apostolakis S, Amanatidou V, Spandidos DA. Therapeutic implications of chemokine-mediated pathways in atherosclerosis: realistic perspectives and utopias. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2010; 31:1103-10. [PMID: 20711227 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2010.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Current perspectives on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis strongly support the involvement of inflammatory mediators in the establishment and progression of atherosclerostic lesions. Chemokine-mediated mechanisms are potent regulators of such processes by orchestrating the interactions of inflammatory cellular components of the peripheral blood with cellular components of the arterial wall. The increasing evidence supporting the role of chemokine pathways in atherosclerosis renders chemokine ligands and their receptors potential therapeutic targets. In the following review, we aim to highlight the special structural and functional features of chemokines and their receptors in respect to their roles in atherosclerosis, and examine to what extent available data can be applied in disease management practices.
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45
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Silencing CX3CR1 production modulates the interaction between dendritic and endothelial cells. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:481-8. [PMID: 20364328 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0131-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
CX3CR1, an important chemokine receptor in dendritic cells (DCs), is linked to the progression of atherosclerotic plaques. However, the mechanism(s) determining the role of CX3CR1 in atherosclerosis have not been clearly elucidated. In this study, we developed DCs from monocytes of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats in the presence of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and recombinant human interleukin-4 (IL-4). The presence of recombinant human TNF-α and LPS forced the cells to mature. When compared to immature DCs, flow cytometry (FACS) analysis revealed that mature DCs display a sustained increase in the levels of CD11c, CD86, and CD80 expression. The expression of Fractalkine (FKN) in endothelial cells (ECs) contributes to the maturation of DCs and expression of CX3CR1. We revealed that mRNA expression levels of CX3CR1 in mature DCs are significantly higher than those of immature DCs (P<0.001). Transfection of DCs with siRNA specific for the CX3CR1 gene resulted in potent suppression of gene expression and inhibition of interactions between DCs and ECs. Based on these data, we hypothesized that CX3CR1 contributes to the DC-EC interaction. CX3CR1 may serve as a new target molecule for increasing therapeutic interactions in atherosclerosis.
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D'Haese JG, Demir IE, Friess H, Ceyhan GO. Fractalkine/CX3CR1: why a single chemokine-receptor duo bears a major and unique therapeutic potential. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2010; 14:207-19. [PMID: 20055718 DOI: 10.1517/14728220903540265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Fractalkine, also known as CX3CL1, is the unique member of the fourth class of chemokines and mediates both chemotaxis and adhesion of inflammatory cells via its highly selective receptor CX3CR1. Fractalkine mediates inflammatory responses and pain sensation and is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of numerous inflammatory disorders and malignancies. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW We performed a Medline/PubMed search to detect all published studies that explored the role of fractalkine and CX3CR1 and the possibilities of therapeutic intervention in the fractalkine/CX3CR1 axis in a wide range of clinical disorders, using CX3CR1 blocking antibodies, different fractalkine antagonists, CX3CR1 depletion or transfection of fractalkine expression vectors. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN This review summarizes the role of fractalkine and its receptor CX3CR1 in various diseases, focusing on their high potential as novel therapeutic targets, with special emphasis on pancreatic diseases. TAKE HOME MESSAGE The reviewed studies provide promising results demonstrating fractalkine and CX3CR1 as potential target molecules for future therapeutics that may attenuate pain, inflammation and furthermore serve as an anti-cancer therapy. However, to date, no therapeutics targeting fractalkine or CX3CR1 are in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan G D'Haese
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675 Munich, Germany
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47
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Zernecke A, Weber C. Chemokines in the vascular inflammatory response of atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2009; 86:192-201. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvp391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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49
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Expression of ADAM-17, TIMP-3 and fractalkine in the human adult brain endothelial cell line, hCMEC/D3, following pro-inflammatory cytokine treatment. J Neuroimmunol 2009; 210:108-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2009.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2008] [Revised: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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50
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Mestas J, Ley K. Monocyte-endothelial cell interactions in the development of atherosclerosis. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2009; 18:228-32. [PMID: 19185814 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2008.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Revised: 11/12/2008] [Accepted: 11/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The activation of endothelial cells at atherosclerotic lesion-prone sites in the arterial tree results in the up-regulation of cell adhesion molecules and chemokines, which mediate the recruitment of circulating monocytes. Accumulation of monocytes and monocyte-derived phagocytes in the wall of large arteries leads to chronic inflammation and the development and progression of atherosclerosis. This review discusses the nature of these molecules and the mechanisms involved in the early steps of monocyte recruitment into atherosclerotic lesion sites within the vessel wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Mestas
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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