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Ye Z, Okamoto R, Ito H, Ito R, Moriwaki K, Ichikawa M, Kimena L, Ali Y, Ito M, Gomez-Sanchez CE, Dohi K. Myosin Light Chain Phosphatase Plays an Important Role in Cardiac Fibrosis in a Model of Mineralocorticoid Receptor-Associated Hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e032828. [PMID: 38420846 PMCID: PMC10944028 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 2 (MYPT2) is an important subunit of cardiac MLC (myosin light chain) phosphatase, which plays a crucial role in regulating the phosphorylation of MLC to phospho-MLC (p-MLC). A recent study demonstrated mineralocorticoid receptor-related hypertension is associated with RhoA/Rho-associated kinase/MYPT1 signaling upregulation in smooth muscle cells. Our purpose is to investigate the effect of MYPT2 on cardiac function and fibrosis in mineralocorticoid receptor-related hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS HL-1 murine cardiomyocytes were incubated with different concentrations or durations of aldosterone. After 24-hour stimulation, aldosterone increased CTGF (connective tissue growth factor) and MYPT2 and decreased p-MLC in a dose-dependent manner. MYPT2 knockdown decreased CTGF. Cardiac-specific MYPT2-knockout (c-MYPT2-/-) mice exhibited decreased type 1 phosphatase catalytic subunit β and increased p-MLC. A disease model of mouse was induced by subcutaneous aldosterone and 8% NaCl food for 4 weeks after uninephrectomy. Blood pressure elevation and left ventricular hypertrophy were observed in both c-MYPT2-/- and MYPT2+/+ mice, with no difference in heart weights or nuclear localization of mineralocorticoid receptor in cardiomyocytes. However, c-MYPT2-/- mice had higher ejection fraction and fractional shortening on echocardiography after aldosterone treatment. Histopathology revealed less fibrosis, reduced CTGF, and increased p-MLC in c-MYPT2-/- mice. Basal global radial strain and global longitudinal strain were higher in c-MYPT2-/- than in MYPT2+/+ mice. After aldosterone treatment, both global radial strain and global longitudinal strain remained higher in c-MYPT2-/- mice compared with MYPT2+/+ mice. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac-specific MYPT2 knockout leads to decreased myosin light chain phosphatase and increased p-MLC. MYPT2 deletion prevented cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction in a model of mineralocorticoid receptor-associated hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Ye
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan
| | - Ryuji Okamoto
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan
- Regional Medical Support Center Mie University Hospital Tsu Mie Japan
- Department of Clinical Training and Career Support Center Mie University Hospital Tsu Mie Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ito
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan
| | - Rie Ito
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan
| | - Keishi Moriwaki
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan
| | - Mizuki Ichikawa
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan
| | - Lupiya Kimena
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan
| | - Yusuf Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS
| | - Masaaki Ito
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan
| | - Celso E Gomez-Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS
| | - Kaoru Dohi
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan
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Hitsumoto T, Tsukamoto O, Matsuoka K, Li J, Liu L, Kuramoto Y, Higo S, Ogawa S, Fujino N, Yoshida S, Kioka H, Kato H, Hakui H, Saito Y, Okamoto C, Inoue H, Hyejin J, Ueda K, Segawa T, Nishimura S, Asano Y, Asanuma H, Tani A, Imamura R, Komagawa S, Kanai T, Takamura M, Sakata Y, Kitakaze M, Haruta JI, Takashima S. Restoration of Cardiac Myosin Light Chain Kinase Ameliorates Systolic Dysfunction by Reducing Superrelaxed Myosin. Circulation 2023; 147:1902-1918. [PMID: 37128901 PMCID: PMC10270284 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.062885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac-specific myosin light chain kinase (cMLCK), encoded by MYLK3, regulates cardiac contractility through phosphorylation of ventricular myosin regulatory light chain. However, the pathophysiological and therapeutic implications of cMLCK in human heart failure remain unclear. We aimed to investigate whether cMLCK dysregulation causes cardiac dysfunction and whether the restoration of cMLCK could be a novel myotropic therapy for systolic heart failure. METHODS We generated the knock-in mice (Mylk3+/fs and Mylk3fs/fs) with a familial dilated cardiomyopathy-associated MYLK3 frameshift mutation (MYLK3+/fs) that had been identified previously by us (c.1951-1G>T; p.P639Vfs*15) and the human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes from the carrier of the mutation. We also developed a new small-molecule activator of cMLCK (LEUO-1154). RESULTS Both mice (Mylk3+/fs and Mylk3fs/fs) showed reduced cMLCK expression due to nonsense-mediated messenger RNA decay, reduced MLC2v (ventricular myosin regulatory light chain) phosphorylation in the myocardium, and systolic dysfunction in a cMLCK dose-dependent manner. Consistent with this result, myocardium from the mutant mice showed an increased ratio of cardiac superrelaxation/disordered relaxation states that may contribute to impaired cardiac contractility. The phenotypes observed in the knock-in mice were rescued by cMLCK replenishment through the AAV9_MYLK3 vector. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes with MYLK3+/fs mutation reduced cMLCK expression by 50% and contractile dysfunction, accompanied by an increased superrelaxation/disordered relaxation ratio. CRISPR-mediated gene correction, or cMLCK replenishment by AAV9_MYLK3 vector, successfully recovered cMLCK expression, the superrelaxation/disordered relaxation ratio, and contractile dysfunction. LEUO-1154 increased human cMLCK activity ≈2-fold in the Vmax for ventricular myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation without affecting the Km. LEUO-1154 treatment of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes with MYLK3+/fs mutation restored the ventricular myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation level and superrelaxation/disordered relaxation ratio and improved cardiac contractility without affecting calcium transients, indicating that the cMLCK activator acts as a myotrope. Finally, human myocardium from advanced heart failure with a wide variety of causes had a significantly lower MYLK3/PPP1R12B messenger RNA expression ratio than control hearts, suggesting an altered balance between myosin regulatory light chain kinase and phosphatase in the failing myocardium, irrespective of the causes. CONCLUSIONS cMLCK dysregulation contributes to the development of cardiac systolic dysfunction in humans. Our strategy to restore cMLCK activity could form the basis of a novel myotropic therapy for advanced systolic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Hitsumoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan (T.H., O.T., K.M., H. Kioka, H. Kato, H.H., Y.S., C.O., H.I., J.H., K.U., T.S., S.N., S.T.)
| | - Osamu Tsukamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan (T.H., O.T., K.M., H. Kioka, H. Kato, H.H., Y.S., C.O., H.I., J.H., K.U., T.S., S.N., S.T.)
| | - Ken Matsuoka
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan (T.H., O.T., K.M., H. Kioka, H. Kato, H.H., Y.S., C.O., H.I., J.H., K.U., T.S., S.N., S.T.)
| | - Junjun Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (J.L., L.L.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine. Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (J.L., L.L.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine. Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Kuramoto
- Department of Cardiology (Y.K., S.H., S.O., H. Kioka, HY.H., S.N., Y.A., Y.S.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine. Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Higo
- Department of Cardiology (Y.K., S.H., S.O., H. Kioka, HY.H., S.N., Y.A., Y.S.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine. Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shou Ogawa
- Department of Cardiology (Y.K., S.H., S.O., H. Kioka, HY.H., S.N., Y.A., Y.S.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine. Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noboru Fujino
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University. Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan (N.F., S.Y., M.T.)
| | - Shohei Yoshida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University. Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan (N.F., S.Y., M.T.)
| | - Hidetaka Kioka
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan (T.H., O.T., K.M., H. Kioka, H. Kato, H.H., Y.S., C.O., H.I., J.H., K.U., T.S., S.N., S.T.)
- Department of Cardiology (Y.K., S.H., S.O., H. Kioka, HY.H., S.N., Y.A., Y.S.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine. Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Kato
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan (T.H., O.T., K.M., H. Kioka, H. Kato, H.H., Y.S., C.O., H.I., J.H., K.U., T.S., S.N., S.T.)
| | - Hideyuki Hakui
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan (T.H., O.T., K.M., H. Kioka, H. Kato, H.H., Y.S., C.O., H.I., J.H., K.U., T.S., S.N., S.T.)
- Department of Cardiology (Y.K., S.H., S.O., H. Kioka, HY.H., S.N., Y.A., Y.S.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine. Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Saito
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan (T.H., O.T., K.M., H. Kioka, H. Kato, H.H., Y.S., C.O., H.I., J.H., K.U., T.S., S.N., S.T.)
| | - Chisato Okamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan (T.H., O.T., K.M., H. Kioka, H. Kato, H.H., Y.S., C.O., H.I., J.H., K.U., T.S., S.N., S.T.)
| | - Hijiri Inoue
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan (T.H., O.T., K.M., H. Kioka, H. Kato, H.H., Y.S., C.O., H.I., J.H., K.U., T.S., S.N., S.T.)
| | - Jo Hyejin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan (T.H., O.T., K.M., H. Kioka, H. Kato, H.H., Y.S., C.O., H.I., J.H., K.U., T.S., S.N., S.T.)
| | - Kyoko Ueda
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan (T.H., O.T., K.M., H. Kioka, H. Kato, H.H., Y.S., C.O., H.I., J.H., K.U., T.S., S.N., S.T.)
| | - Takatsugu Segawa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan (T.H., O.T., K.M., H. Kioka, H. Kato, H.H., Y.S., C.O., H.I., J.H., K.U., T.S., S.N., S.T.)
| | - Shunsuke Nishimura
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan (T.H., O.T., K.M., H. Kioka, H. Kato, H.H., Y.S., C.O., H.I., J.H., K.U., T.S., S.N., S.T.)
- Department of Cardiology (Y.K., S.H., S.O., H. Kioka, HY.H., S.N., Y.A., Y.S.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine. Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Asano
- Department of Cardiology (Y.K., S.H., S.O., H. Kioka, HY.H., S.N., Y.A., Y.S.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine. Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Genomic Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.A.)
| | - Hiroshi Asanuma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Nantan, Kyoto, Japan (H.A.)
| | - Akiyoshi Tani
- Compound Library Screening Center (A.T.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Riyo Imamura
- Drug Discovery Initiative, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan (R.I.)
| | - Shinsuke Komagawa
- Lead Explorating Units (S.K., T.K., J.-i.H.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshio Kanai
- Lead Explorating Units (S.K., T.K., J.-i.H.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University. Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan (N.F., S.Y., M.T.)
| | - Yasushi Sakata
- Department of Cardiology (Y.K., S.H., S.O., H. Kioka, HY.H., S.N., Y.A., Y.S.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine. Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Jun-ichi Haruta
- Lead Explorating Units (S.K., T.K., J.-i.H.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiji Takashima
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan (T.H., O.T., K.M., H. Kioka, H. Kato, H.H., Y.S., C.O., H.I., J.H., K.U., T.S., S.N., S.T.)
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Mwaura JG, Wekesa C, Ogutu PA, Okoth P. Whole Transcriptome Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in Cultured Nile Tilapia (O. niloticus) Subjected to Chronic Stress Reveals Signaling Pathways Associated with Depressed Growth. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040795. [PMID: 37107553 PMCID: PMC10137778 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is a serious threat to aquaculture as it lowers fish growth performance and compromises fish welfare. The exact mechanism by which growth is retarded is, however, not clearly understood. This study sought to elucidate the gene expression profiles associated with chronic stress in cultured Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared for 70 days at different ammonia concentrations and stocking densities. Fish in the treatment groups showed negative growth, while the controls showed positive allometric growth. The specific condition factor (Kn) ranged from 1.17 for the controls to 0.93 for the ammonia and 0.91 for the stocking density treatments. RNA was extracted from muscle tissue using TRIzol followed by library construction and Illumina sequencing. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed 209 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (156 up- and 53 down-regulated) in the ammonia and 252 DEGs (175 up- and 77 down-regulated) in the stocking density treatment. In both treatments, 24 and 17 common DEGs were up- and down-regulated, respectively. DEGs were significantly enriched in six pathways associated with muscle activity, energy mobilization and immunity. The heightened muscular activity consumes energy which would otherwise have been utilized for growth. These results bring to fore the molecular mechanisms underlying chronic stress’ suppression of growth in cultured Nile tilapia.
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Nordmeyer S, Kraus M, Ziehm M, Kirchner M, Schafstedde M, Kelm M, Niquet S, Stephen MM, Baczko I, Knosalla C, Schapranow MP, Dittmar G, Gotthardt M, Falcke M, Regitz-Zagrosek V, Kuehne T, Mertins P. Disease- and sex-specific differences in patients with heart valve disease: a proteome study. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201411. [PMID: 36627164 PMCID: PMC9834574 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pressure overload in patients with aortic valve stenosis and volume overload in mitral valve regurgitation trigger specific forms of cardiac remodeling; however, little is known about similarities and differences in myocardial proteome regulation. We performed proteome profiling of 75 human left ventricular myocardial biopsies (aortic stenosis = 41, mitral regurgitation = 17, and controls = 17) using high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry next to clinical and hemodynamic parameter acquisition. In patients of both disease groups, proteins related to ECM and cytoskeleton were more abundant, whereas those related to energy metabolism and proteostasis were less abundant compared with controls. In addition, disease group-specific and sex-specific differences have been observed. Male patients with aortic stenosis showed more proteins related to fibrosis and less to energy metabolism, whereas female patients showed strong reduction in proteostasis-related proteins. Clinical imaging was in line with proteomic findings, showing elevation of fibrosis in both patient groups and sex differences. Disease- and sex-specific proteomic profiles provide insight into cardiac remodeling in patients with heart valve disease and might help improve the understanding of molecular mechanisms and the development of individualized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nordmeyer
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité - Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, Institute for Cardiovascular Computer-Assisted Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité - Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, Department of Congenital Heart Disease - Pediatric Cardiology, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Milena Kraus
- Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Engineering, Digital Health Center, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Matthias Ziehm
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Proteomics Platform, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marieluise Kirchner
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Proteomics Platform, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Schafstedde
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité - Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, Institute for Cardiovascular Computer-Assisted Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité - Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, Department of Congenital Heart Disease - Pediatric Cardiology, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Kelm
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité - Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, Institute for Cardiovascular Computer-Assisted Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité - Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, Department of Congenital Heart Disease - Pediatric Cardiology, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvia Niquet
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Proteomics Platform, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mariet Mathew Stephen
- Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Engineering, Digital Health Center, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Istvan Baczko
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Christoph Knosalla
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité - Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthieu-P Schapranow
- Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Engineering, Digital Health Center, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Proteomics of Cellular Signaling, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Michael Gotthardt
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Falcke
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Mathematical Cell Physiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vera Regitz-Zagrosek
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Titus Kuehne
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité - Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, Institute for Cardiovascular Computer-Assisted Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité - Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, Department of Congenital Heart Disease - Pediatric Cardiology, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Mertins
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Proteomics Platform, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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NIMA-related kinase 9 regulates the phosphorylation of the essential myosin light chain in the heart. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6209. [PMID: 36266340 PMCID: PMC9585074 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33658-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To adapt to changing hemodynamic demands, regulatory mechanisms modulate actin-myosin-kinetics by calcium-dependent and -independent mechanisms. We investigate the posttranslational modification of human essential myosin light chain (ELC) and identify NIMA-related kinase 9 (NEK9) to interact with ELC. NEK9 is highly expressed in the heart and the interaction with ELC is calcium-dependent. Silencing of NEK9 results in blunting of calcium-dependent ELC-phosphorylation. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated disruption of NEK9 leads to cardiomyopathy in zebrafish. Binding to ELC is mediated via the protein kinase domain of NEK9. A causal relationship between NEK9 activity and ELC-phosphorylation is demonstrated by genetic sensitizing in-vivo. Finally, we observe significantly upregulated ELC-phosphorylation in dilated cardiomyopathy patients and provide a unique map of human ELC-phosphorylation-sites. In summary, NEK9-mediated ELC-phosphorylation is a calcium-dependent regulatory system mediating cardiac contraction and inotropy.
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Dong M, Chen D, Zhu Y, Yang S, Kumar S, Zhang R, Zhou Y, Yang Z, Zheng N, Zhu T, Xiang J, Liu Y, Kang L, Liu J. Impaired regulation of MMP2/16-MLCK3 by miR-146a-5p increased susceptibility to myocardial ischemic injury in aging mice. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 119:786-801. [PMID: 35727952 PMCID: PMC10153423 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Aging impairs cardiac function and increases susceptibility to myocardial ischemic injury. Cardiac myosin light chain kinase (MLCK3) phosphorylates cardiac myosin regulatory light chain (MLC2), controlling sarcomere organization and cardiomyocyte contraction. Dysregulation of MLCK3 and phosphorylated MLC2 (p-MLC2) contributes to heart failure after myocardial infarction (MI). We aimed at exploring how the MLCK3-p-MLC2 axis changes in aging hearts post MI and at investigating the underlying regulatory mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated adult (3 months) and aged (30 months) MI mouse models to compare their cardiac performance, and then detected MLCK3 expression and MLC2 activity. Aging increased the size of MI-induced infarctions and promoted cardiac contractile dysfunction. Furthermore, MLCK3 expression and MLC2 activity increased in adult hearts after MI, but not in aged hearts. miR-146a was found consistently increased in adult and aged hearts post-MI. Mechanistic analyses performed in vitro demonstrated that miR-146a-5p downregulated matrix metalloprotease (MMP)2/16 expression in cardiomyocytes. This downregulation in turn increased MLCK3 expression and MLC2 activity. However, miR-146a-5p failed to regulate the MMP2/16-MLCK3-p-MLC2 axis in senescent cardiomyocytes or in cardiac miR-146a conditional knockout mice, with the latter experiencing an exacerbated deterioration of cardiac function post-MI. CONCLUSION These results suggest that increase of MLCK3 and p-MLC2 contents through decreasing MMP2/16 by miR-146a-5p represents a compensatory mechanism that can protect cardiac contractile function after MI. Aging impairs this miR-146a-5p-regulated MMP2/16-MLCK3-p-MLC2 contractile axis, leading to compromised contractile function and increased susceptibility to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Dong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Pathophysiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China.,Guangzhou Laboratory, GuangdongChina
| | | | - Yanxia Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Pathophysiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, ShenzhenChina
| | - Sanatosh Kumar
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Pathophysiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Pathophysiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yin Zhou
- Guangzhou Laboratory, GuangdongChina
| | - Ziyi Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Pathophysiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Na Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Pathophysiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Pathophysiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaqing Xiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Pathophysiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun Liu
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Kang
- The Biobank of National Innovation Center for Advanced Medical Devices, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Geriatrics, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Pathophysiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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7
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Yu S, Wang Y, Tang B, Liu X, Song L, Xu G, Zhu H, Sun H. Four calcium signaling pathway-related genes were upregulated in microcystic adnexal carcinoma: transcriptome analysis and immunohistochemical validation. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:142. [PMID: 35509066 PMCID: PMC9066904 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02601-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) is a skin cancer with challenges in diagnosis and management. This study was aimed to detect molecular alterations of MAC and guide its pathologic diagnosis and treatment. METHODS We performed transcriptome analysis on 5 MAC and 5 normal skin tissues, identified the differentially expressed genes, and verified them by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Three hundred four differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in MAC were identified by next-generation transcriptome sequencing, among which 225 genes were upregulated and 79 genes were downregulated. Four genes of the calcium signaling pathway, including calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha 1 S (CACNA1S), ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 1 (ATP2A1), ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1), and myosin light chain kinase 3 (MYLK3), were upregulated and then been verified by immunohistochemistry. The expression of CACNA1S, ATP2A1, RYR1, and MYLK3 was upregulated in MAC compared with normal sweat glands and syringoma tumor cells and was generally negative in trichoepithelioma and infundibulocystic type basal cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS The four genes of the calcium signaling pathway were upregulated in MAC at both RNA and protein levels. CACNA1S, ATP2A1, RYR1, and MYLK3 may be new diagnostic molecular markers and therapeutic targets for MAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaixia Yu
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, No. 32, West Second Section, First Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, China.,Department of Pathology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Baijie Tang
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, No. 32, West Second Section, First Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, China.,Department of Pathology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, No. 32, West Second Section, First Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, China.,Department of Pathology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Linhong Song
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, No. 32, West Second Section, First Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, China.,Department of Pathology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, No. 32, West Second Section, First Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, China.,Department of Pathology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, No. 32, West Second Section, First Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, China. .,Department of Pathology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
| | - Huajun Sun
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, No. 32, West Second Section, First Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, China. .,Department of Pathology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
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8
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Prasad V, Makkaoui N, Rajan R, Patel A, Mainali B, Bagchi P, Kumar R, Rogers J, Diamond J, Maxwell JT. Loss of cardiac myosin light chain kinase contributes to contractile dysfunction in right ventricular pressure overload. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15238. [PMID: 35384363 PMCID: PMC8981447 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly 1 in every 100 children born have a congenital heart defect. Many of these defects primarily affect the right heart causing pressure overload of the right ventricle (RV). The RV maintains function by adapting to the increased pressure; however, many of these adaptations eventually lead to RV hypertrophy and failure. In this study, we aim to identify the cellular and molecular mechanisms of these adaptions. We utilized a surgical animal model of pulmonary artery banding (PAB) in juvenile rats that has been shown to accurately recapitulate the physiology of right ventricular pressure overload in young hearts. Using this model, we examined changes in cardiac myocyte protein expression as a result of pressure overload with mass spectrometry 4 weeks post-banding. We found pressure overload of the RV induced significant downregulation of cardiac myosin light chain kinase (cMLCK). Single myocyte calcium and contractility recordings showed impaired contraction and relaxation in PAB RV myocytes, consistent with the loss of cMLCK. In the PAB myocytes, calcium transients were of smaller amplitude and decayed at a slower rate compared to controls. We also identified miR-200c, which has been shown to regulate cMLCK expression, as upregulated in the RV in response to pressure overload. These results indicate the loss of cMLCK is a critical maladaptation of the RV to pressure overload and represents a novel target for therapeutic approaches to treat RV hypertrophy and failure associated with congenital heart defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhya Prasad
- Division of Pediatric CardiologyDepartment of PediatricsEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Children’s Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) CenterChildren’s Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Nour Makkaoui
- Division of Pediatric CardiologyDepartment of PediatricsEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Children’s Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) CenterChildren’s Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Rohan Rajan
- Emory University College of Arts and SciencesAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Alisha Patel
- Emory University College of Arts and SciencesAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Bipul Mainali
- Emory University College of Arts and SciencesAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Pritha Bagchi
- Department of BiochemistryEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Rhea Kumar
- Emory University College of Arts and SciencesAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Julia Rogers
- Emory University College of Arts and SciencesAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Jake Diamond
- Emory University College of Arts and SciencesAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Joshua T. Maxwell
- Division of Pediatric CardiologyDepartment of PediatricsEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Children’s Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) CenterChildren’s Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
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9
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Regulation of myosin light-chain phosphorylation and its roles in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. Hypertens Res 2022; 45:40-52. [PMID: 34616031 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00733-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of muscle contraction is a critical function in the cardiovascular system, and abnormalities may be life-threatening or cause illness. The common basic mechanism in muscle contraction is the interaction between the protein filaments myosin and actin. Although this interaction is primarily regulated by intracellular Ca2+, the primary targets and intracellular signaling pathways differ in vascular smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. Phosphorylation of the myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) is a primary molecular switch for smooth muscle contraction. The equilibrium between phosphorylated and unphosphorylated RLC is dynamically achieved through two enzymes, myosin light chain kinase, a Ca2+-dependent enzyme, and myosin phosphatase, which modifies the Ca2+ sensitivity of contractions. In cardiac muscle, the primary target protein for Ca2+ is troponin C on thin filaments; however, RLC phosphorylation also plays a modulatory role in contraction. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the regulation, physiological function, and pathophysiological involvement of RLC phosphorylation in smooth and cardiac muscles.
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10
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Landim-Vieira M, Childers MC, Wacker AL, Garcia MR, He H, Singh R, Brundage EA, Johnston JR, Whitson BA, Chase PB, Janssen PML, Regnier M, Biesiadecki BJ, Pinto JR, Parvatiyar MS. Post-translational modification patterns on β-myosin heavy chain are altered in ischemic and nonischemic human hearts. eLife 2022; 11:74919. [PMID: 35502901 PMCID: PMC9122498 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation and acetylation of sarcomeric proteins are important for fine-tuning myocardial contractility. Here, we used bottom-up proteomics and label-free quantification to identify novel post-translational modifications (PTMs) on β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) in normal and failing human heart tissues. We report six acetylated lysines and two phosphorylated residues: K34-Ac, K58-Ac, S210-P, K213-Ac, T215-P, K429-Ac, K951-Ac, and K1195-Ac. K951-Ac was significantly reduced in both ischemic and nonischemic failing hearts compared to nondiseased hearts. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations show that K951-Ac may impact stability of thick filament tail interactions and ultimately myosin head positioning. K58-Ac altered the solvent-exposed SH3 domain surface - known for protein-protein interactions - but did not appreciably change motor domain conformation or dynamics under conditions studied. Together, K213-Ac/T215-P altered loop 1's structure and dynamics - known to regulate ADP-release, ATPase activity, and sliding velocity. Our study suggests that β-MHC acetylation levels may be influenced more by the PTM location than the type of heart disease since less protected acetylation sites are reduced in both heart failure groups. Additionally, these PTMs have potential to modulate interactions between β-MHC and other regulatory sarcomeric proteins, ADP-release rate of myosin, flexibility of the S2 region, and cardiac myofilament contractility in normal and failing hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maicon Landim-Vieira
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, The Florida State UniversityTallahasseeUnited States
| | - Matthew C Childers
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Medicine, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Amanda L Wacker
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, The Florida State UniversityTallahasseeUnited States
| | - Michelle Rodriquez Garcia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, The Florida State UniversityTallahasseeUnited States
| | - Huan He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, The Florida State UniversityTallahasseeUnited States,Translational Science Laboratory, College of Medicine, The Florida State UniversityTallahasseeUnited States
| | - Rakesh Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, The Florida State UniversityTallahasseeUnited States,Translational Science Laboratory, College of Medicine, The Florida State UniversityTallahasseeUnited States
| | - Elizabeth A Brundage
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State UniversityColumbusUnited States
| | - Jamie R Johnston
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, The Florida State UniversityTallahasseeUnited States
| | - Bryan A Whitson
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State UniversityColumbusUnited States
| | - P Bryant Chase
- Department of Biological Science, The Florida State UniversityTallahasseeUnited States
| | - Paul ML Janssen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State UniversityColumbusUnited States
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Medicine, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Brandon J Biesiadecki
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State UniversityColumbusUnited States
| | - J Renato Pinto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, The Florida State UniversityTallahasseeUnited States
| | - Michelle S Parvatiyar
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, The Florida State UniversityTallahasseeUnited States
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11
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Markandran K, Yu H, Song W, Lam DTUH, Madathummal MC, Ferenczi MA. Functional and Molecular Characterisation of Heart Failure Progression in Mice and the Role of Myosin Regulatory Light Chains in the Recovery of Cardiac Muscle Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010088. [PMID: 35008512 PMCID: PMC8745055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) as a result of myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of fatality worldwide. However, the cause of cardiac dysfunction succeeding MI has not been elucidated at a sarcomeric level. Thus, studying the alterations within the sarcomere is necessary to gain insights on the fundamental mechansims leading to HF and potentially uncover appropriate therapeutic targets. Since existing research portrays regulatory light chains (RLC) to be mediators of cardiac muscle contraction in both human and animal models, its role was further explored In this study, a detailed characterisation of the physiological changes (i.e., isometric force, calcium sensitivity and sarcomeric protein phosphorylation) was assessed in an MI mouse model, between 2D (2 days) and 28D post-MI, and the changes were related to the phosphorylation status of RLCs. MI mouse models were created via complete ligation of left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Left ventricular (LV) papillary muscles were isolated and permeabilised for isometric force and Ca2+ sensitivity measurement, while the LV myocardium was used to assay sarcomeric proteins’ (RLC, troponin I (TnI) and myosin binding protein-C (MyBP-C)) phosphorylation levels and enzyme (myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), zipper interacting protein kinase (ZIPK) and myosin phosphatase target subunit 2 (MYPT2)) expression levels. Finally, the potential for improving the contractility of diseased cardiac papillary fibres via the enhancement of RLC phosphorylation levels was investigated by employing RLC exchange methods, in vitro. RLC phosphorylation and isometric force potentiation were enhanced in the compensatory phase and decreased in the decompensatory phase of HF failure progression, respectively. There was no significant time-lag between the changes in RLC phosphorylation and isometric force during HF progression, suggesting that changes in RLC phosphorylation immediately affect force generation. Additionally, the in vitro increase in RLC phosphorylation levels in 14D post-MI muscle segments (decompensatory stage) enhanced its force of isometric contraction, substantiating its potential in HF treatment. Longitudinal observation unveils potential mechanisms involving MyBP-C and key enzymes regulating RLC phosphorylation, such as MLCK and MYPT2 (subunit of MLCP), during HF progression. This study primarily demonstrates that RLC phosphorylation is a key sarcomeric protein modification modulating cardiac function. This substantiates the possibility of using RLCs and their associated enzymes to treat HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Markandran
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Experimental Medicine Building, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore; (K.M.); (H.Y.); (W.S.); (D.T.U.H.L.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Experimental Medicine Building, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore; (K.M.); (H.Y.); (W.S.); (D.T.U.H.L.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Weihua Song
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Experimental Medicine Building, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore; (K.M.); (H.Y.); (W.S.); (D.T.U.H.L.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Do Thuy Uyen Ha Lam
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Experimental Medicine Building, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore; (K.M.); (H.Y.); (W.S.); (D.T.U.H.L.); (M.C.M.)
- Laboratory of Precision Disease Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Mufeeda Changaramvally Madathummal
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Experimental Medicine Building, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore; (K.M.); (H.Y.); (W.S.); (D.T.U.H.L.); (M.C.M.)
- A*STAR Microscopy Platform—Electron Microscopy, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Michael A. Ferenczi
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Experimental Medicine Building, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore; (K.M.); (H.Y.); (W.S.); (D.T.U.H.L.); (M.C.M.)
- Brunel Medical School, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
- Correspondence:
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12
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Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Effects on the Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Include Enhanced Expression of TNF Receptor 1. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168746. [PMID: 34445450 PMCID: PMC8395858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) has been shown to impair the intestinal barrier, inducing and maintaining inflammatory states of the intestine. The aim of the current study was to analyze functional, molecular and regulatory effects of TNFα in a newly established non-transformed jejunal enterocyte model, namely IPEC-J2 monolayers. Incubation with 1000 U/mL TNFα induced a marked decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and an increase in permeability for the paracellular flux marker [3H]-D-mannitol compared to controls. Immunoblots revealed a significant decrease in tight junction (TJ) proteins occludin, claudin-1 and claudin-3. Moreover, a dose-dependent increase in the TNF receptor (TNFR)-1 was detected, explaining the exponential nature of pro-inflammatory effects, while TNFR-2 remained unchanged. Recovery experiments revealed reversible effects after the removal of the cytokine, excluding apoptosis as a reason for the observed changes. Furthermore, TNFα signaling could be inhibited by the specific myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) blocker ML-7. Results of confocal laser scanning immunofluorescence microscopy were in accordance with all quantitative changes. This study explains the self-enhancing effects of TNFα mediated by MLCK, leading to a differential regulation of TJ proteins resulting in barrier impairment in the intestinal epithelium.
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13
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Giglio RV, Stoian AP, Haluzik M, Pafili K, Patti AM, Rizvi AA, Ciaccio M, Papanas N, Rizzo M. Novel molecular markers of cardiovascular disease risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166148. [PMID: 33892081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes represents the leading risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Chronic hyperglycemia and/or acute post-prandial changes in blood glucose determine an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), which play a fundamental role in endothelial dysfunction and in the nuclear transport of pro-atherogenic transcription factors that activate the "inflammasome". In addition, the glycemic alteration favors the formation and stabilization of atherosclerotic plaque through the mechanism of non-enzymatic glycation of different molecules, with the establishment of the so-called "advanced glycosylation end products" (AGE). Laboratory information provided by the level of biomarkers could make a quantitative and qualitative contribution to the clinical process of screening, prediction, prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of cardiovascular (CV) risk linked to diabetes. This review describes the importance of specific biomarkers, with particular focus on novel ones, for stratifying and management of diabetes CV risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Vincenza Giglio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anca Pantea Stoian
- Faculty of General Medicine, Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Department, Carol Davila University, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Martin Haluzik
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Department of Diabetes, Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kalliopi Pafili
- Diabetes Centre, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Angelo Maria Patti
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Ali Abbas Rizvi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Marcello Ciaccio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nikolaos Papanas
- Diabetes Centre, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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14
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Russell B, Solís C. Mechanosignaling pathways alter muscle structure and function by post-translational modification of existing sarcomeric proteins to optimize energy usage. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2021; 42:367-380. [PMID: 33595762 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-021-09596-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A transduced mechanical signal arriving at its destination in muscle alters sarcomeric structure and function. A major question addressed is how muscle mass and tension generation are optimized to match actual performance demands so that little energy is wasted. Three cases for improved energy efficiency are examined: the troponin complex for tuning force production, control of the myosin heads in a resting state, and the Z-disc proteins for sarcomere assembly. On arrival, the regulation of protein complexes is often controlled by post-translational modification (PTM), of which the most common are phosphorylation by kinases, deacetylation by histone deacetylases and ubiquitination by E3 ligases. Another branch of signals acts not through peptide covalent bonding but via ligand interactions (e.g. Ca2+ and phosphoinositide binding). The myosin head and the regulation of its binding to actin by the troponin complex is the best and earliest example of signal destinations that modify myofibrillar contractility. PTMs in the troponin complex regulate both the efficiency of the contractile function to match physiologic demand for work, and muscle mass via protein degradation. The regulation of sarcomere assembly by integration of incoming signaling pathways causing the same PTMs or ligand binding are discussed in response to mechanical loading and unloading by the Z-disc proteins CapZ, α-actinin, telethonin, titin N-termini, and others. Many human mutations that lead to cardiomyopathy and heart disease occur in the proteins discussed above, which often occur at their PTM or ligand binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Russell
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Christopher Solís
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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15
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Schmid M, Toepfer CN. Cardiac myosin super relaxation (SRX): a perspective on fundamental biology, human disease and therapeutics. Biol Open 2021; 10:10/2/bio057646. [PMID: 33589442 PMCID: PMC7904003 DOI: 10.1242/bio.057646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The fundamental basis of muscle contraction 'the sliding filament model' (Huxley and Niedergerke, 1954; Huxley and Hanson, 1954) and the 'swinging, tilting crossbridge-sliding filament mechanism' (Huxley, 1969; Huxley and Brown, 1967) nucleated a field of research that has unearthed the complex and fascinating role of myosin structure in the regulation of contraction. A recently discovered energy conserving state of myosin termed the super relaxed state (SRX) has been observed in filamentous myosins and is central to modulating force production and energy use within the sarcomere. Modulation of myosin function through SRX is a rapidly developing theme in therapeutic development for both cardiovascular disease and infectious disease. Some 70 years after the first discoveries concerning muscular function, modulation of myosin SRX may bring the first myosin targeted small molecule to the clinic, for treating hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (Olivotto et al., 2020). An often monogenic disease HCM afflicts 1 in 500 individuals, and can cause heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Even as we near therapeutic translation, there remain many questions about the governance of muscle function in human health and disease. With this review, we provide a broad overview of contemporary understanding of myosin SRX, and explore the complexities of targeting this myosin state in human disease.This article has an associated Future Leaders to Watch interview with the authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Schmid
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Christopher N Toepfer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
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16
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Shimizu T, Taguchi A, Higashijima Y, Takubo N, Kanki Y, Urade Y, Wada Y. PERK-Mediated Suppression of microRNAs by Sildenafil Improves Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Heart Failure. iScience 2020; 23:101410. [PMID: 32768667 PMCID: PMC7378464 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative/nitrosative stress is a major trigger of cardiac dysfunction, involving the unfolded protein response and mitochondrial dysfunction. Activation of nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate-protein kinase G signaling by sildenafil improves cardiac mal-remodeling during pressure-overload-induced heart failure. Transcriptome analysis was conducted in failing hearts with or without sildenafil treatment. Protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase (PERK) downstream signaling pathways, EIF2 and NRF2, were significantly altered. Although EIF2 signaling was suppressed, NRF2 signaling was upregulated, inhibiting the maturation of miR 24-3p through EGFR-mediated Ago2 phosphorylation. To study the effect of sildenafil on these pathways, we generated cardiac-specific PERK knockout mice. In these mice, sildenafil could not inhibit the maturations, the nuclear translocation of NRF2 was suppressed, and mitochondrial dysfunction advanced. Altogether, these results show that PERK-mediated suppression of miRNAs by sildenafil is vital for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis through NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Shimizu
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Akashi Taguchi
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Higashijima
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan; Department of Bioinformational Pharmacology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Department of Proteomics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Naoko Takubo
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Kanki
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Urade
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Youichiro Wada
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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17
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Wang S, Wang H, Su X, Liu B, Wang L, Yan H, Mao S, Huang H, Huang C, Cheng M, Wu G. β-adrenergic activation may promote myosin light chain kinase degradation through calpain in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy: β-adrenergic activation results in MLCK degradation. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110438. [PMID: 32768940 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-adrenergic activation is able to exacerbate cardiac hypertrophy. Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and its phosphorylated substrate, phospho-myosin light chain 2 (p-MLC2), play vital roles in regulating cardiac hypertrophy. However, it is not yet clear whether there is a relationship between β-adrenergic activation and MLCK in the progression of cardiac hypertrophy. Therefore, we explored this relationship and the underlying mechanisms in this work. METHODS Cardiac hypertrophy and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy were induced by pressure overload and isoproterenol (ISO) stimulation, respectively. Echocardiography, histological analysis, immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR were used to confirm the successful establishment of the models. A β-blocker (metoprolol) and a calpain inhibitor (calpeptin) were administered to inhibit β-adrenergic activity in rats and calpain in cardiomyocytes, respectively. The protein expression levels of MLCK, myosin light chain 2 (MLC2), p-MLC2, myosin phosphatase 2 (MYPT2), calmodulin (CaM) and calpain were measured using western blotting. A cleavage assay was performed to assess the degradation of recombinant human MLCK by recombinant human calpain. RESULTS The β-blocker alleviated cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction, increased MLCK and MLC2 phosphorylation and decreased calpain expression in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Additionally, the calpain inhibitor calpeptin attenuated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, upregulated MLCK and p-MLC2 and reduced MLCK degradation in ISO-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Recombinant human calpain degraded recombinant human MLCK in vitro in concentration- and time-dependent manners, and this degradation was inhibited by the calpain inhibitor calpeptin. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that β-adrenergic activation may promote the degradation of MLCK through calpain in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Haixiong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xiaoling Su
- Department of Cardiology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, 810007, China
| | - Beilei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Shuai Mao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Congxin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Mian Cheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China; Department of Cardiology, Ezhou Hospital, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Ezhou, 436000, China.
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18
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Dong M, Yang Z, Fang H, Xiang J, Xu C, Zhou Y, Wu Q, Liu J. Aging Attenuates Cardiac Contractility and Affects Therapeutic Consequences for Myocardial Infarction. Aging Dis 2020; 11:365-376. [PMID: 32257547 PMCID: PMC7069457 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac function of the human heart changes with age. The age-related change of systolic function is subtle under normal conditions, but abrupt under stress or in a pathogenesis state. Aging decreases the cardiac tolerance to stress and increases susceptibility to ischemia, which caused by aging-induced Ca2+ transient impairment and metabolic dysfunction. The changes of contractility proteins and the relative molecules are in a non-linear fashion. Specifically, the expression and activation of cMLCK increase first then fall during ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). This change is responsible for the nonmonotonic contractility alteration in I/R which the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Contractility recovery in I/R is also attenuated by age. The age-related change in cardiac contractility influences the therapeutic effect and intervention timepoint. For most cardiac ischemia therapies, the therapeutic result in the elderly is not identical to the young. Anti-aging treatment has the potential to prevent the development of ischemic injury and improves cardiac function. In this review we discuss the mechanism underlying the contractility changes in the aged heart and age-induced ischemic injury. The potential mechanism underlying the increased susceptibility to ischemic injury in advanced age is highlighted. Furthermore, we discuss the effect of age and the administration time for intervention in cardiac ischemia therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziyi Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongcheng Fang
- Shenzhen Shajing Hospital, Affiliated of Guangzhou Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaqing Xiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Cong Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanqing Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianying Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Guangdong, China
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Williams JL, Paudyal A, Awad S, Nicholson J, Grzesik D, Botta J, Meimaridou E, Maharaj AV, Stewart M, Tinker A, Cox RD, Metherell LA. Mylk3 null C57BL/6N mice develop cardiomyopathy, whereas Nnt null C57BL/6J mice do not. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:3/4/e201900593. [PMID: 32213617 PMCID: PMC7103425 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N mice have well-documented phenotypic and genotypic differences, including the infamous nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (Nnt) null mutation in the C57BL/6J substrain, which has been linked to cardiovascular traits in mice and cardiomyopathy in humans. To assess whether Nnt loss alone causes a cardiovascular phenotype, we investigated the C57BL/6N, C57BL/6J mice and a C57BL/6J-BAC transgenic rescuing NNT expression, at 3, 12, and 18 mo. We identified a modest dilated cardiomyopathy in the C57BL/6N mice, absent in the two B6J substrains. Immunofluorescent staining of cardiomyocytes revealed eccentric hypertrophy in these mice, with defects in sarcomere organisation. RNAseq analysis identified differential expression of a number of cardiac remodelling genes commonly associated with cardiac disease segregating with the phenotype. Variant calling from RNAseq data identified a myosin light chain kinase 3 (Mylk3) mutation in C57BL/6N mice, which abolishes MYLK3 protein expression. These results indicate the C57BL/6J Nnt-null mice do not develop cardiomyopathy; however, we identified a null mutation in Mylk3 as a credible cause of the cardiomyopathy phenotype in the C57BL/6N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack L Williams
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Anju Paudyal
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Sherine Awad
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - James Nicholson
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Dominika Grzesik
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Joaquin Botta
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Eirini Meimaridou
- School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
| | - Avinaash V Maharaj
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Michelle Stewart
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Andrew Tinker
- William Harvey Heart Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Roger D Cox
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Lou A Metherell
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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20
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Sevrieva IR, Brandmeier B, Ponnam S, Gautel M, Irving M, Campbell KS, Sun YB, Kampourakis T. Cardiac myosin regulatory light chain kinase modulates cardiac contractility by phosphorylating both myosin regulatory light chain and troponin I. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:4398-4410. [PMID: 32086378 PMCID: PMC7135997 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart muscle contractility and performance are controlled by posttranslational modifications of sarcomeric proteins. Although myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) phosphorylation has been studied extensively in vitro and in vivo, the precise role of cardiac myosin light chain kinase (cMLCK), the primary kinase acting upon RLC, in the regulation of cardiomyocyte contractility remains poorly understood. In this study, using recombinantly expressed and purified proteins, various analytical methods, in vitro and in situ kinase assays, and mechanical measurements in isolated ventricular trabeculae, we demonstrate that human cMLCK is not a dedicated kinase for RLC but can phosphorylate other sarcomeric proteins with well-characterized regulatory functions. We show that cMLCK specifically monophosphorylates Ser23 of human cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in isolation and in the trimeric troponin complex in vitro and in situ in the native environment of the muscle myofilament lattice. Moreover, we observed that human cMLCK phosphorylates rodent cTnI to a much smaller extent in vitro and in situ, suggesting species-specific adaptation of cMLCK. Although cMLCK treatment of ventricular trabeculae exchanged with rat or human troponin increased their cross-bridge kinetics, the increase in sensitivity of myofilaments to calcium was significantly blunted by human TnI, suggesting that human cTnI phosphorylation by cMLCK modifies the functional consequences of RLC phosphorylation. We propose that cMLCK-mediated phosphorylation of TnI is functionally significant and represents a critical signaling pathway that coordinates the regulatory states of thick and thin filaments in both physiological and potentially pathophysiological conditions of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanka R Sevrieva
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Birgit Brandmeier
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Saraswathi Ponnam
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Mathias Gautel
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm Irving
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth S Campbell
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0298
| | - Yin-Biao Sun
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Kampourakis
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
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21
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Parsanathan R, Jain SK. Novel Invasive and Noninvasive Cardiac-Specific Biomarkers in Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2020; 18:10-30. [PMID: 31618136 PMCID: PMC7041332 DOI: 10.1089/met.2019.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of fatality and disability worldwide regardless of gender. Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in population across different regions. According to epidemiological studies, CVD risk markers in childhood obesity are one of the significant risk factors for adulthood CVD, but have received disproportionally little attention. This review has examined the evidence for the presence of traditional cardiac biomarkers (nonspecific; lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, myoglobulin, glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB, myosin light chains, ST2, and ischemia-modified albumin) and novel emerging cardiac-specific biomarkers (cardiac troponins, natriuretic peptides, heart-type fatty acid-binding protein, and miRNAs). Besides, noninvasive anatomical and electrophysiological markers (carotid intima-media thickness, coronary artery calcification, and heart rate variability) in CVDs and obesity are also discussed. Modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome in the progression of CVD, such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, and adipocytokines are also outlined. These underlying prognostic risk factors predict the onset of future microvascular and macrovascular complications. The understanding of invasive and noninvasive cardiac-specific biomarkers and the risk factors may yield valuable insights into the pathophysiology and prevention of CVD in a high-risk obese population at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Parsanathan
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Sushil K. Jain
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
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22
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MicroRNAs in Cardiac Hypertrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194714. [PMID: 31547607 PMCID: PMC6801828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Like other organs, the heart undergoes normal adaptive remodeling, such as cardiac hypertrophy, with age. This remodeling, however, is intensified under stress and pathological conditions. Cardiac remodeling could be beneficial for a short period of time, to maintain a normal cardiac output in times of need; however, chronic cardiac hypertrophy may lead to heart failure and death. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to have a role in the regulation of cardiac hypertrophy. This paper reviews recent advances in the field of miRNAs and cardiac hypertrophy, highlighting the latest findings for targeted genes and involved signaling pathways. By targeting pro-hypertrophic genes and signaling pathways, some of these miRNAs alleviate cardiac hypertrophy, while others enhance it. Therefore, miRNAs represent very promising potential pharmacotherapeutic targets for the management and treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.
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23
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X Cai L, Tanada Y, D Bello G, C Fleming J, F Alkassis F, Ladd T, Golde T, Koh J, Chen S, Kasahara H. Cardiac MLC2 kinase is localized to the Z-disc and interacts with α-actinin2. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12580. [PMID: 31467300 PMCID: PMC6715661 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48884-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac contractility is enhanced by phosphorylation of myosin light chain 2 (MLC2) by cardiac-specific MLC kinase (cMLCK), located at the neck region of myosin heavy chain. In normal mouse and human hearts, the level of phosphorylation is maintained relatively constant, at around 30-40% of total MLC2, likely by well-balanced phosphorylation and phosphatase-dependent dephosphorylation. Overexpression of cMLCK promotes sarcomere organization, while the loss of cMLCK leads to cardiac atrophy in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we showed that cMLCK is predominantly expressed at the Z-disc with additional diffuse cytosolic expression in normal adult mouse and human hearts. cMLCK interacts with the Z-disc protein, α-actinin2, with a high-affinity kinetic value of 13.4 ± 0.1 nM through the N-terminus region of cMLCK unique to cardiac-isoform. cMLCK mutant deficient for interacting with α-actinin2 did not promote sarcomeric organization and reduced cardiomyocyte cell size. In contrast, a cMLCK kinase-deficient mutant showed effects similar to wild-type cMLCK on sarcomeric organization and cardiomyocyte cell size. Our results suggest that cMLCK plays a role in sarcomere organization, likely distinct from its role in phosphorylating MLC2, both of which will contribute to the enhancement of cardiac contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence X Cai
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Yohei Tanada
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Gregory D Bello
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - James C Fleming
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Fariz F Alkassis
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Thomas Ladd
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Todd Golde
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Jin Koh
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research (ICBR), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Sixue Chen
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research (ICBR), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Hideko Kasahara
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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24
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Tougas CL, Grindrod T, Cai LX, Alkassis FF, Kasahara H. Heterozygous Mylk3 Knockout Mice Partially Recapitulate Human DCM With Heterozygous MYLK3 Mutations. Front Physiol 2019; 10:696. [PMID: 31244672 PMCID: PMC6563786 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds: Recent studies identified heterozygous variants in MYLK3 gene that encodes cardiac myosin light chain kinase (cMLCK) are related to familial dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) for the first time. Autosomal dominant traits suggest that pathogenesis of DCM could be related to heterozygous MYLK3 loss-of-function variants (haploinsufficiency). We previously generated and examined homozygous Mylk3 knockout mice that lead to heart failure. It had yet to be examined whether heterozygous Mylk3 knockout mice represent a DCM-like phenotype. Methods and Results: Heterozygous knockout (Mylk3wild/-) mice were examined regarding cardiac function, heart histology and expression of cMLCK protein and mRNA relative to age-matched wild-type controls (Mylk3wild/wild). At 4 months of age, cardiac contractility in heterozygous knockout mice was reduced with percent fractional shortening of 23.3 ± 1.2% compared to 30.1 ± 1.8% in control (Mylk3wild/- vs. Mylk3wild/wild, n = 9 each). In 4-month-old heterozygous knockout hearts, expression of cMLCK mRNA was expectedly reduced by almost half, however, protein expression was reduced by approximately 75% relative to the control wild-type (Mylk3wild/- vs. Mylk3wild/wild, n = 9 each). Isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes from heterozygous knockout mice were larger with increase of short-axis length relative to the cardiomyocytes from control mice. However, increase of heart failure markers as well as interstitial fibrosis were not evident in heterozygous knockout mice compared to controls. Conclusion: Heterozygous Mylk3 knockout mice show mild reduction of cardiac contractility by 4 months of age, and proteins reduced by approximately 75% relative to the control wild-type mice. These mice partly resemble human with the heterozygous MYLK3 mutation, but the reduction in cardiac contractility was milder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carson L Tougas
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Tabor Grindrod
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Lawrence X Cai
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Fariz F Alkassis
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Hideko Kasahara
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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25
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van der Velden J, Stienen GJM. Cardiac Disorders and Pathophysiology of Sarcomeric Proteins. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:381-426. [PMID: 30379622 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00040.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The sarcomeric proteins represent the structural building blocks of heart muscle, which are essential for contraction and relaxation. During recent years, it has become evident that posttranslational modifications of sarcomeric proteins, in particular phosphorylation, tune cardiac pump function at rest and during exercise. This delicate, orchestrated interaction is also influenced by mutations, predominantly in sarcomeric proteins, which cause hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy. In this review, we follow a bottom-up approach starting from a description of the basic components of cardiac muscle at the molecular level up to the various forms of cardiac disorders at the organ level. An overview is given of sarcomere changes in acquired and inherited forms of cardiac disease and the underlying disease mechanisms with particular reference to human tissue. A distinction will be made between the primary defect and maladaptive/adaptive secondary changes. Techniques used to unravel functional consequences of disease-induced protein changes are described, and an overview of current and future treatments targeted at sarcomeric proteins is given. The current evidence presented suggests that sarcomeres not only form the basis of cardiac muscle function but also represent a therapeutic target to combat cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanda van der Velden
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam , The Netherlands ; and Department of Physiology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Ger J M Stienen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam , The Netherlands ; and Department of Physiology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
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26
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Feng LY, Chen CX, Li L. Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes is a risk factor for poor prognosis in ovarian cancer: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14588. [PMID: 30813180 PMCID: PMC6408028 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE DNA methylation is the earliest and most studied epigenetic modification in cancer. The literature reported that the abnormal methylation level of multiple genes was associated with poor prognosis in ovarian cancer. However, due to a small sample size, the results reported in the literature vary widely. In this study, the correlation between aberrant methylation level of genes and poor prognosis of ovarian cancer was reviewed in order to clarify the role of DNA methylation in the prognosis of ovarian cancer. METHODS A systematic research of PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, China Biology Medicine disc (CBMdisc), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang databases, and EMBASE was performed, and calculated the hazard ratio (HR) of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) and its 95% confidence interval. RESULTS HR of the OS obtained of target genes was 2.32 (95% CI: 1.54-3.48, P = .000); HR of the PFS obtained of target genes was 1.318 (95% CI: 0.848-2.050, P = .220). HR of OS achieved by tumor suppressor genes was 3.09 (95% CI 1.80 - 5.30, P = .000). CONCLUSION Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes indicate poor prognosis of ovarian cancer.
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27
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Hodatsu A, Fujino N, Uyama Y, Tsukamoto O, Imai-Okazaki A, Yamazaki S, Seguchi O, Konno T, Hayashi K, Kawashiri MA, Asano Y, Kitakaze M, Takashima S, Yamagishi M. Impact of cardiac myosin light chain kinase gene mutation on development of dilated cardiomyopathy. ESC Heart Fail 2019; 6:406-415. [PMID: 30690923 PMCID: PMC6437445 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac myosin light chain kinase (cMLCK) phosphorylates ventricular myosin regulatory light chain 2 (MLC2v) and regulates sarcomere and cardiomyocyte organization. However, few data exist regarding the relationship between cMLCK mutations and MLC2v phosphorylation, particularly in terms of developing familial dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in whom cMLCK gene mutations were identified. The purpose of the present study was to investigate functional consequences of cMLCK mutations in DCM patients. METHODS AND RESULTS The diagnosis of DCM was based on the patients' history and on echocardiography. We screened cMLCK gene mutations in DCM probands with high resolution melting analysis. Known DCM-causing genes mutations were excluded by exome sequencing of family members. MLC2v phosphorylation was analysed by Phos-tag sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis assays. We also performed ADP-Glo assays for determining the total amount of adenosine triphosphate used in the kinase reaction. Unrelated DCM probands (109 males and 40 females) were enrolled in this study, of which 16 were familial and 133 sporadic. By mutation screening, a truncation variant of c1915-1 g>t (p.Pro639Valfs*15) was identified, which was not detected in 400 chromosomes of 200 healthy volunteers; it is listed in the Human Genetic Variation Database with an allele frequency < 0.001. In the proband, the presence of mutations in known DCM-causing genes was excluded with exome analysis. Familial analysis identified a 19-year-old male carrier who manifested slight left ventricular dilation with preserved systolic function. Phosphorylation assays analysed by Phos-tag SDS-PAGE revealed that the identified p.Pro639Valfs*15 mutation results in a complete lack of kinase activity, although it did not affect wild-type cMLCK activity. ADP-Glo assays confirmed that the mutant cMLCK had no kinase activity, whereas wild-type cMLCK had a Km value of 5.93 ± 1.47 μM and a Vmax of 1.28 ± 0.03 mol/min/mol kinase. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that a truncation mutation in the cMLCK gene p.Pro639Valfs*15 can be associated with significant impairment of MLC2v phosphorylation and possibly with development of DCM, although a larger study of DCM patients is required to determine the prevalence of this mutation and further strengthen its association with disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Hodatsu
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Noboru Fujino
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Uyama
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Japan
| | - Osamu Tsukamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Japan
| | - Atsuko Imai-Okazaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamazaki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Osamu Seguchi
- Department of Transplantation, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Konno
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kenshi Hayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Yoshihiro Asano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kitakaze
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Seiji Takashima
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamagishi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan.,Osaka University of Human Sciences, Settsu, Japan
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28
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Hu S, Cheng M, Guo X, Wang S, Liu B, Jiang H, Huang C, Wu G. Down-regulation of miR-200c attenuates AngII-induced cardiac hypertrophy via targeting the MLCK-mediated pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:2505-2516. [PMID: 30680929 PMCID: PMC6433679 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to commonly contribute to cardiac hypertrophy (CH). The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that miR‐200c plays an important role in the progression of CH by targeting myosin light chain kinase (MLCK/MYLK). Methods and results Cardiac hypertrophy was induced by aortic banding (AB) in rats. Cellular hypertrophy in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NCMs) was induced by AngII treatment. Echocardiography, histology and molecular measurements were used to assess the results of the experiments. The levels of apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also measured. Quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) and Western blotting were used to measure mRNA and protein levels respectively. The present results showed that miR‐200c expression was increased in response to CH both in vivo and in vitro. The down‐regulation of miRNA‐200c by a specific inhibitor markedly ameliorated CH resulting from AngII treatment, and the mRNA levels of atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide and β‐myosin heavy chain were simultaneously decreased. Notably, minimal apoptosis and ROS accumulation were identified in AngII‐induced hypertrophic cardiomyocytes. Conversely, the up‐regulation of miR‐200c using specific mimics reversed these effects. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that the MLCK gene is a direct target of miR‐200c; an increase in miR‐200c levels led to a decrease in the expression of MLCK and its downstream effector, p‐MLC2, while miR‐200c inhibition increased the expression of these proteins. Furthermore, inhibiting MLCK impaired the anti‐hypertrophic effects contributions produced by the knockdown of miR‐200c. Conclusion Our studies suggest that miR‐200c may serve as a potential therapeutic target that could delay hypertrophy. We have also uncovered a relationship between miR‐200c and MLCK, identifying MLCK as a direct mediator of miR‐200c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mian Cheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Beilei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Congxin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
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29
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Giannakou A, Sicko RJ, Kay DM, Zhang W, Romitti PA, Caggana M, Shaw GM, Jelliffe-Pawlowski LL, Mills JL. Copy number variants in hypoplastic right heart syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:2760-2767. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Giannakou
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Department of Health and Human Services; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda Maryland
| | - Robert J. Sicko
- Division of Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health; Albany New York
| | - Denise M. Kay
- Division of Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health; Albany New York
| | - Wei Zhang
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Department of Health and Human Services; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda Maryland
| | - Paul A. Romitti
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health; The University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa
| | - Michele Caggana
- Division of Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health; Albany New York
| | - Gary M. Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford California
| | | | - James L. Mills
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Department of Health and Human Services; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda Maryland
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30
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Cai W, Hite ZL, Lyu B, Wu Z, Lin Z, Gregorich ZR, Messer AE, McIlwain SJ, Marston SB, Kohmoto T, Ge Y. Temperature-sensitive sarcomeric protein post-translational modifications revealed by top-down proteomics. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 122:11-22. [PMID: 30048711 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.07.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite advancements in symptom management for heart failure (HF), this devastating clinical syndrome remains the leading cause of death in the developed world. Studies using animal models have greatly advanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying HF; however, differences in cardiac physiology and the manifestation of HF between animals, particularly rodents, and humans necessitates the direct interrogation of human heart tissue samples. Nevertheless, an ever-present concern when examining human heart tissue samples is the potential for artefactual changes related to temperature changes during tissue shipment or sample processing. Herein, we examined the effects of temperature on the post-translational modifications (PTMs) of sarcomeric proteins, the proteins responsible for muscle contraction, under conditions mimicking those that might occur during tissue shipment or sample processing. Using a powerful top-down proteomics method, we found that sarcomeric protein PTMs were differentially affected by temperature. Specifically, cardiac troponin I and enigma homolog isoform 2 showed robust increases in phosphorylation when tissue was incubated at either 4 °C or 22 °C. The observed increase is likely due to increased cyclic AMP levels and activation of protein kinase A in the tissue. On the contrary, cardiac troponin T and myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation decreased when tissue was incubated at 4 °C or 22 °C. Furthermore, significant protein degradation was also observed after incubation at 4 °C or 22 °C. Overall, these results indicate that temperature exerts various effects on sarcomeric protein PTMs and careful tissue handling is critical for studies involving human heart samples. Moreover, these findings highlight the power of top-down proteomics for examining the integrity of cardiac tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Cai
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Zachary L Hite
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Beini Lyu
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Zhijie Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ziqing Lin
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Zachery R Gregorich
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Andrew E Messer
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sean J McIlwain
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Steve B Marston
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Takushi Kohmoto
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ying Ge
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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31
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Kelley CA, Wirshing ACE, Zaidel-Bar R, Cram EJ. The myosin light-chain kinase MLCK-1 relocalizes during Caenorhabditis elegans ovulation to promote actomyosin bundle assembly and drive contraction. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:1975-1991. [PMID: 30088798 PMCID: PMC6232974 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-01-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We identify the Caenorhabditis elegans myosin light-chain kinase, MLCK-1, required for contraction of spermathecae. During contraction, MLCK-1 moves from the apical cell boundaries to the basal actomyosin bundles, where it stabilizes myosin downstream of calcium signaling. MLCK and ROCK act in distinct subsets of cells to coordinate the timing of contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ronen Zaidel-Bar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Erin J Cram
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
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32
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Zheng L, Zhang GM, Dong YP, Wen YF, Dong D, Lei CZ, Qi XL, Chen H, Huo LJ, Huang YZ. Genetic Variant of MYLK4 Gene and its Association with Growth Traits in Chinese Cattle. Anim Biotechnol 2018. [PMID: 29540101 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2018.1426594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
As a member of MYLK family, MYLK4 gene may play a vital role in muscle development. In this study, one novel single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was identified the bovine MYLK4 by sequencing pooled DNA samples (pool-Seq) and forced polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (forced PCR-RFLP) methods. Overall, we reported one mutation (SNP1) in the intron 10 region within the bovine MYLK4 gene in 559 individuals representing five main cattle breeds from China (Nanyang, NY; Qinchuan; Jiaxian, JX; Pinan cattle; and Caidamu cattle, CDM). Genotype AA and allele A were predominant in the QC, PN, and XN populations. Association analysis with growth traits in the QC breed showed that the animals with genotype GG had significantly greater chest breadth and hip width (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the genotype GG was strongly associated with withers height and body length than those with genotype AA (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) at 12 months in the NY breed. These statistical results exhibited that the MYLK4 gene might be a potential candidate gene to improve cattle's growth traits, and the SNP could be used as molecular markers in early marker-assisted selection (MAS) in beef cattle breeding program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zheng
- a Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.,c Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou , Henan , People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Min Zhang
- b College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling Shaanxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Peng Dong
- b College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling Shaanxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Fan Wen
- b College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling Shaanxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Dong
- b College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling Shaanxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Chu-Zhao Lei
- b College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling Shaanxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Lei Qi
- d Bureau of Animal Husbandry of Biyang County , Biyang , Henan , People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Chen
- b College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling Shaanxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Jun Huo
- a Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Zhen Huang
- b College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling Shaanxi , People's Republic of China
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33
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Wang L, Geist J, Grogan A, Hu LYR, Kontrogianni-Konstantopoulos A. Thick Filament Protein Network, Functions, and Disease Association. Compr Physiol 2018; 8:631-709. [PMID: 29687901 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomeres consist of highly ordered arrays of thick myosin and thin actin filaments along with accessory proteins. Thick filaments occupy the center of sarcomeres where they partially overlap with thin filaments. The sliding of thick filaments past thin filaments is a highly regulated process that occurs in an ATP-dependent manner driving muscle contraction. In addition to myosin that makes up the backbone of the thick filament, four other proteins which are intimately bound to the thick filament, myosin binding protein-C, titin, myomesin, and obscurin play important structural and regulatory roles. Consistent with this, mutations in the respective genes have been associated with idiopathic and congenital forms of skeletal and cardiac myopathies. In this review, we aim to summarize our current knowledge on the molecular structure, subcellular localization, interacting partners, function, modulation via posttranslational modifications, and disease involvement of these five major proteins that comprise the thick filament of striated muscle cells. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:631-709, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Janelle Geist
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alyssa Grogan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Li-Yen R Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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34
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Arimura T, Muchir A, Kuwahara M, Morimoto S, Ishikawa T, Du CK, Zhan DY, Nakao S, Machida N, Tanaka R, Yamane Y, Hayashi T, Kimura A. Overexpression of heart-specific small subunit of myosin light chain phosphatase results in heart failure and conduction disturbance. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 314:H1192-H1202. [PMID: 29451818 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00696.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding components of the sarcomere cause cardiomyopathy, which is often associated with abnormal Ca2+ sensitivity of muscle contraction. We have previously shown that a heart-specific myosin light chain phosphatase small subunit (hHS-M21) increases the Ca2+ sensitivity of muscle contraction. The aim of the present study was to investigate the function of hHS-M21 in vivo and the causative role of abnormal Ca2+ sensitivity in cardiomyopathy. We generated transgenic mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of hHS-M21. We confirmed that hHS-M21 increased the Ca2+ sensitivity of cardiac muscle contraction in vivo, which was not followed by an increased phosphorylation of myosin light chain 2 isoforms. hHS-M21 transgenic mice developed severe systolic dysfunction with myocardial fibrosis and degeneration of cardiomyocytes in association with sinus bradycardia and atrioventricular conduction defect. The contractile dysfunction and cardiac fibrosis were improved by treatment with the Rho kinase inhibitor fasudil. Our findings suggested that the overexpression of hHS-M21 results in cardiac dysfunction and conduction disturbance via non-myosin light chain 2 phosphorylation-dependent regulation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study is the first to develop mice with transgenic overexpression of a heart-specific myosin light chain phosphatase small subunit (hHS-M21) and to examine the effects of hHS-M21 on cardiac function. Elevation of hHS-M21 induced heart failure with myocardial fibrosis and degeneration of cardiomyocytes accompanied by supraventricular arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Arimura
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Antoine Muchir
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University , Columbia, New York
| | - Masayoshi Kuwahara
- Department of Veterinary Pathophysiology and Animal Health, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Sachio Morimoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Taisuke Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Cheng-Kun Du
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Dong-Yun Zhan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Shu Nakao
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Noboru Machida
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Ryo Tanaka
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Yamane
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takeharu Hayashi
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Akinori Kimura
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo , Japan
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35
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Quaranta R, Fell J, Rühle F, Rao J, Piccini I, Araúzo-Bravo MJ, Verkerk AO, Stoll M, Greber B. Revised roles of ISL1 in a hES cell-based model of human heart chamber specification. eLife 2018; 7. [PMID: 29337667 PMCID: PMC5770158 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor ISL1 is thought to be key for conveying the multipotent and proliferative properties of cardiac precursor cells. Here, we investigate its function upon cardiac induction of human embryonic stem cells. We find that ISL1 does not stabilize the transient cardiac precursor cell state but rather serves to accelerate cardiomyocyte differentiation. Conversely, ISL1 depletion delays cardiac differentiation and respecifies nascent cardiomyocytes from a ventricular to an atrial identity. Mechanistic analyses integrate this unrecognized anti-atrial function of ISL1 with known and newly identified atrial inducers. In this revised view, ISL1 is antagonized by retinoic acid signaling via a novel player, MEIS2. Conversely, ISL1 competes with the retinoic acid pathway for prospective cardiomyocyte fate, which converges on the atrial specifier NR2F1. This study reveals a core regulatory network putatively controlling human heart chamber formation and also bears implications for the subtype-specific production of human cardiomyocytes with enhanced functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Quaranta
- Human Stem Cell Pluripotency Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jakob Fell
- Human Stem Cell Pluripotency Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Frank Rühle
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jyoti Rao
- Human Stem Cell Pluripotency Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ilaria Piccini
- Human Stem Cell Pluripotency Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Marcos J Araúzo-Bravo
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.,Group of Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Arie O Verkerk
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Monika Stoll
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Boris Greber
- Human Stem Cell Pluripotency Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Dortmund, Germany
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36
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Tobita T, Nomura S, Morita H, Ko T, Fujita T, Toko H, Uto K, Hagiwara N, Aburatani H, Komuro I. Identification of MYLK3 mutations in familial dilated cardiomyopathy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17495. [PMID: 29235529 PMCID: PMC5727479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17769-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a primary cause of heart failure, life-threatening arrhythmias, and cardiac death. Pathogenic mutations have been identified at the loci of more than 50 genes in approximately 50% of DCM cases, while the etiologies of the remainder have yet to be determined. In this study, we applied whole exome sequencing in combination with segregation analysis to one pedigree with familial DCM, and identified a read-through mutation (c.2459 A > C; p.*820Sext*19) in the myosin light chain kinase 3 gene (MYLK3). We then conducted MYLK3 gene screening of 15 DCM patients (7 familial and 8 sporadic) who were negative for mutation screening of the previously-reported cardiomyopathy-causing genes, and identified another case with a MYLK3 frameshift mutation (c.1879_1885del; p.L627fs*41). In vitro experiments and immunohistochemistry suggested that the MYLK3 mutations identified in this study result in markedly reduced levels of protein expression and myosin light chain 2 phosphorylation. This is the first report that MYLK3 mutations can cause DCM in humans. The clinical phenotypes of DCM patients were consistent with MYLK3 loss-of-function mouse and zebrafish models in which cardiac enlargement and heart failure are observed. Our findings highlight an essential role for cardiac myosin light chain kinase in the human heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashige Tobita
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seitaro Nomura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ko
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Fujita
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Toko
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Uto
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Hagiwara
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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37
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Heinig M, Adriaens ME, Schafer S, van Deutekom HWM, Lodder EM, Ware JS, Schneider V, Felkin LE, Creemers EE, Meder B, Katus HA, Rühle F, Stoll M, Cambien F, Villard E, Charron P, Varro A, Bishopric NH, George AL, Dos Remedios C, Moreno-Moral A, Pesce F, Bauerfeind A, Rüschendorf F, Rintisch C, Petretto E, Barton PJ, Cook SA, Pinto YM, Bezzina CR, Hubner N. Natural genetic variation of the cardiac transcriptome in non-diseased donors and patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Genome Biol 2017; 18:170. [PMID: 28903782 PMCID: PMC5598015 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-017-1286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variation is an important determinant of RNA transcription and splicing, which in turn contributes to variation in human traits, including cardiovascular diseases. RESULTS Here we report the first in-depth survey of heart transcriptome variation using RNA-sequencing in 97 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and 108 non-diseased controls. We reveal extensive differences of gene expression and splicing between dilated cardiomyopathy patients and controls, affecting known as well as novel dilated cardiomyopathy genes. Moreover, we show a widespread effect of genetic variation on the regulation of transcription, isoform usage, and allele-specific expression. Systematic annotation of genome-wide association SNPs identifies 60 functional candidate genes for heart phenotypes, representing 20% of all published heart genome-wide association loci. Focusing on the dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype we found that eQTL variants are also enriched for dilated cardiomyopathy genome-wide association signals in two independent cohorts. CONCLUSIONS RNA transcription, splicing, and allele-specific expression are each important determinants of the dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype and are controlled by genetic factors. Our results represent a powerful resource for the field of cardiovascular genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Heinig
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany.,Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michiel E Adriaens
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands.,Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 168752, Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, 169857, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hanneke W M van Deutekom
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M Lodder
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - James S Ware
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit at Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals and Imperial College London, London, UK.,Medical Research Council (MRC) London Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Valentin Schneider
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leanne E Felkin
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit at Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals and Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Esther E Creemers
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Meder
- Institute for Cardiomyopathies Heidelberg & Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Institute for Cardiomyopathies Heidelberg & Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frank Rühle
- Institute of Human Genetics, Genetic Epidemiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Monika Stoll
- Institute of Human Genetics, Genetic Epidemiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - François Cambien
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS 1166, Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, F-75013, Paris, France.,ICAN Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Eric Villard
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS 1166, Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, F-75013, Paris, France.,ICAN Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Charron
- ICAN Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, F-75013, Paris, France.,Université Versailles Saint Quentin, AP-HP, CESP, INSERM U1018, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Andras Varro
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nanette H Bishopric
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alfred L George
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cristobal Dos Remedios
- Sydney Heart Bank, Department of Anatomy, Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Aida Moreno-Moral
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Center for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Francesco Pesce
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit at Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals and Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anja Bauerfeind
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franz Rüschendorf
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carola Rintisch
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Center for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Paul J Barton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit at Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals and Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stuart A Cook
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 168752, Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, 169857, Singapore, Singapore.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit at Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals and Imperial College London, London, UK.,Medical Research Council (MRC) London Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yigal M Pinto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Connie R Bezzina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Norbert Hubner
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany. .,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany. .,Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany. .,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, Berlin, Germany.
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Abstract
Cardiac and skeletal striated muscles are intricately designed machines responsible for muscle contraction. Coordination of the basic contractile unit, the sarcomere, and the complex cytoskeletal networks are critical for contractile activity. The sarcomere is comprised of precisely organized individual filament systems that include thin (actin), thick (myosin), titin, and nebulin. Connecting the sarcomere to other organelles (e.g., mitochondria and nucleus) and serving as the scaffold to maintain cellular integrity are the intermediate filaments. The costamere, on the other hand, tethers the sarcomere to the cell membrane. Unique structures like the intercalated disc in cardiac muscle and the myotendinous junction in skeletal muscle help synchronize and transmit force. Intense investigation has been done on many of the proteins that make up these cytoskeletal assemblies. Yet the details of their function and how they interconnect have just started to be elucidated. A vast number of human myopathies are contributed to mutations in muscle proteins; thus understanding their basic function provides a mechanistic understanding of muscle disorders. In this review, we highlight the components of striated muscle with respect to their interactions, signaling pathways, functions, and connections to disease. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:891-944, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Henderson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Christopher G Gomez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Stefanie M Novak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Lei Mi-Mi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Carol C Gregorio
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Phelps DL, Borley JV, Flower KJ, Dina R, Darb-Esfahani S, Braicu I, Sehouli J, Fotopoulou C, Wilhelm-Benartzi CS, Gabra H, Yazbek J, Chatterjee J, Ip J, Khan H, Likos-Corbett MT, Brown R, Ghaem-Maghami S. Methylation of MYLK3 gene promoter region: a biomarker to stratify surgical care in ovarian cancer in a multicentre study. Br J Cancer 2017; 116:1287-1293. [PMID: 28350786 PMCID: PMC5482730 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival benefit from surgical debulking of ovarian cancer (OC) is well established, but some women, despite total macroscopic clearance of disease, still have poor prognosis. We aimed to identify biomarkers to predict benefit from conventional surgery. METHODS Clinical data from women debulked for high-stage OC were analysed (Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK; 2001-2014). Infinium's HumanMethylation27 array interrogated tumour DNA for differentially methylated CpG sites, correlated to survival, in patients with the least residual disease (RD; Hammersmith Array). Validation was performed using bisulphite pyrosequencing (Charité Hospital, Berlin, Germany cohort) and The Cancer Genome Atlas' (TCGA) methylation data set. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox models tested survival. RESULTS Altogether 803 women with serous OC were studied. No RD was associated with significantly improved overall survival (OS; hazard ratio (HR) 1.25, 95% CI 1.06-1.47; P=0.0076) and progression-free survival (PFS; HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.05-1.43; P=0.012; Hammersmith database n=430). Differentially methylated loci within FGF4, FGF21, MYLK2, MYLK3, MYL7, and ITGAE associated with survival. Patients with the least RD had significantly better OS with higher methylation of MYLK3 (Hammersmith (HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.31-0.84; P=0.01), Charité (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.21-1.01; P=0.05), and TCGA (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.44-0.93; P=0.02)). CONCLUSIONS MYLK3 methylation is associated with improved OS in patients with the least RD, which could potentially be used to determine response to surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Phelps
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jane V Borley
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Kirsty J Flower
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Roberto Dina
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Ioana Braicu
- Department of Gynaecology, Virchow Campus, Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jalid Sehouli
- Department of Gynaecology, Virchow Campus, Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Fotopoulou
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Gynaecology, Virchow Campus, Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Hani Gabra
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Joseph Yazbek
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jayanta Chatterjee
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jacey Ip
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Harun Khan
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Robert Brown
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sadaf Ghaem-Maghami
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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40
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Gregorich ZR, Cai W, Lin Z, Chen AJ, Peng Y, Kohmoto T, Ge Y. Distinct sequences and post-translational modifications in cardiac atrial and ventricular myosin light chains revealed by top-down mass spectrometry. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 107:13-21. [PMID: 28427997 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Myosin is the principal component of the thick filaments that, through interactions with the actin thin filaments, mediates force production during muscle contraction. Myosin is a hexamer, consisting of two heavy chains, each associated with an essential (ELC) and a regulatory (RLC) light chain, which bind the lever-arm of the heavy chain and play important modulatory roles in striated muscle contraction. Nevertheless, a comprehensive assessment of the sequences of the ELC and RLC isoforms, as well as their post-translational modifications, in the heart remains lacking. Herein, utilizing top-down high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS), we have comprehensively characterized the sequences and N-terminal modifications of the atrial and ventricular isoforms of the myosin light chains from human and swine hearts, as well as the sites of phosphorylation in the swine proteins. In addition to the correction of disparities in the database sequences of the swine proteins, we show for the first time that, whereas the ventricular isoforms of the ELC and RLC are methylated at their N-termini, which is consistent with previous studies, the atrial isoforms of the ELC and RLC from both human and swine are Nα-methylated and Nα-acetylated, respectively. Furthermore, top-down MS with electron capture dissociation enabled localization of the sites of phosphorylation in swine RLC isoforms from the ventricles and atria to Ser14 and Ser22, respectively. Collectively, these results provide new insights into the sequences and modifications of myosin light chain isoforms in the human and swine hearts, which will pave the way for a better understanding of their functional roles in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachery R Gregorich
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Wenxuan Cai
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ziqing Lin
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Albert J Chen
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Takushi Kohmoto
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ying Ge
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Human Proteomics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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41
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Khapchaev AY, Shirinsky VP. Myosin Light Chain Kinase MYLK1: Anatomy, Interactions, Functions, and Regulation. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:1676-1697. [PMID: 28260490 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791613006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses and summarizes the results of molecular and cellular investigations of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK, MYLK1), the key regulator of cell motility. The structure and regulation of a complex mylk1 gene and the domain organization of its products is presented. The interactions of the mylk1 gene protein products with other proteins and posttranslational modifications of the mylk1 gene protein products are reviewed, which altogether might determine the role and place of MLCK in physiological and pathological reactions of cells and entire organisms. Translational potential of MLCK as a drug target is evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y Khapchaev
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Center, Moscow, 121552, Russia.
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42
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Dhar K, Moulton AM, Rome E, Qiu F, Kittrell J, Raichlin E, Zolty R, Um JY, Moulton MJ, Basma H, Anderson DR, Eudy JD, Lowes BD. Targeted myocardial gene expression in failing hearts by RNA sequencing. J Transl Med 2016; 14:327. [PMID: 27884156 PMCID: PMC5123412 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial recovery with left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy is highly variable and difficult to predict. Next generation ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing is an innovative, rapid, and quantitative approach to gene expression profiling in small amounts of tissue. Our primary goal was to identify baseline transcriptional profiles in non-ischemic cardiomyopathies that predict myocardial recovery in response to LVAD therapy. We also sought to verify transcriptional differences between failing and non-failing human hearts. Methods RNA was isolated from failing (n = 16) and non-failing (n = 8) human hearts. RNA from each patient was reverse transcribed and quantitatively sequenced on the personal genome machine (PGM) sequencer (Ion torrent) for 95 heart failure candidate genes. Coverage analysis as well as mapping the reads and alignment was done using the Ion Torrent Browser Suite™. Differential expression analyses were conducted by empirical analysis of digital gene expression data in R (edgeR) to identify differential expressed genes between failing and non-failing groups, and between responder and non-responder groups respectively. Targeted cardiac gene messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was analyzed in proportion to the total number of reads. Gene expression profiles from the PGM sequencer were validated by performing RNA sequencing (RNAseq) with the Illumina Hiseq2500 sequencing system. Results The failing sample population was 75% male with an average age of 50 and a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 16%. Myosin light chain kinase (MYLK) and interleukin (IL)-6 genes expression were significantly higher in LVAD responders compared to non-responders. Thirty-six cardiac genes were expressed differentially between failing and non-failing hearts (23 decreased, 13 elevated). MYLK, Beta-1 adrenergic receptor (ADRB1) and myosin heavy chain (MYH)-6 expression were among those significantly decreased in failing hearts compared to non-failing hearts. Natriuretic peptide B (NPPB) and IL-6 were significantly elevated. Targeted gene expression profiles obtained from the Ion torrent PGM sequencer were consistent with those obtained from Illumina HiSeq2500 sequencing system. Conclusions Heart failure is associated with a network of transcriptional changes involving contractile proteins, metabolism, adrenergic receptors, protein phosphorylation, and signaling factors. Myocardial MYLK and IL-6 expression are positively correlated with ejection fraction (EF) response to LVAD placement. Targeted RNA sequencing of myocardial gene expression can be utilized to predict responders to LVAD therapy and to better characterize transcriptional changes in human heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajari Dhar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 982265 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-2265, USA
| | - Alexandra M Moulton
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 982265 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-2265, USA
| | - Eric Rome
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 982265 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-2265, USA
| | - Fang Qiu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - Jeff Kittrell
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - Eugenia Raichlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 982265 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-2265, USA
| | - Ronald Zolty
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 982265 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-2265, USA
| | - John Y Um
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - Michael J Moulton
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - Hesham Basma
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 982265 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-2265, USA
| | - Daniel R Anderson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 982265 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-2265, USA
| | - James D Eudy
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - Brian D Lowes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 982265 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-2265, USA.
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43
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Islam YFK, Joseph R, Chowdhury RR, Anderson RH, Kasahara H. Heart Failure Induced by Perinatal Ablation of Cardiac Myosin Light Chain Kinase. Front Physiol 2016; 7:480. [PMID: 27833563 PMCID: PMC5080352 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Germline knockout mice are invaluable in understanding the function of the targeted genes. Sometimes, however, unexpected phenotypes are encountered, due in part to the activation of compensatory mechanisms. Germline ablation of cardiac myosin light chain kinase (cMLCK) causes mild cardiac dysfunction with cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, whereas ablation in adult hearts results in acute heart failure with cardiomyocyte atrophy. We hypothesized that compensation after ablation of cMLCK is dependent on developmental staging and perinatal-onset of cMLCK ablation will result in more evident heart failure than germline ablation, but less profound when compared to adult-onset ablation. Methods and Results: The floxed-Mylk3 gene was ablated at the beginning of the perinatal stage using a single intra-peritoneal tamoxifen injection of 50 mg/kg into pregnant mice on the 19th day of gestation, this being the final day of gestation. The level of cMLCK protein level could no longer be detected 3 days after the injection, with these mice hereafter denoted as the perinatal Mylk3-KO. At postnatal day 19, shortly before weaning age, these mice showed reduced cardiac contractility with a fractional shortening 22.8 ± 1.0% (n = 7) as opposed to 31.4 ± 1.0% (n = 11) in controls. The ratio of the heart weight relative to body weight was significantly increased at 6.68 ± 0.28 mg/g (n = 12) relative to the two control groups, 5.90 ± 0.16 (flox/flox, n = 11) and 5.81 ± 0.33 (wild/wild/Cre, n = 5), accompanied by reduced body weight. Furthermore, their cardiomyocytes were elongated without thickening, with a long-axis of 101.8 ± 2.4 μm (n = 320) as opposed to 87.1 ± 1.6 μm (n = 360) in the controls. Conclusion: Perinatal ablation of cMLCK produces an increase of heart weight/body weight ratio, a reduction of contractility, and an increase in the expression of fetal genes. The perinatal Mylk3-KO cardiomyocytes were elongated in the absence of thickening, differing from the compensatory hypertrophy shown in the germline knockout, and the cardomyocyte thinning shown in adult-inducible knockout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin F K Islam
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ryan Joseph
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rajib R Chowdhury
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Hideko Kasahara
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
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44
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Chang AN, Kamm KE, Stull JT. Role of myosin light chain phosphatase in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 101:35-43. [PMID: 27742556 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of contractile performance of the heart is achieved in part by the constitutive 40% phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) in sarcomeres. The importance of this extent of RLC phosphorylation for optimal cardiac performance becomes apparent when various mouse models and resultant phenotypes are compared. The absence or attenuation of RLC phosphorylation results in poor performance leading to heart failure, whereas increased RLC phosphorylation is associated with cardiac protection from stresses. Although information is limited, RLC phosphorylation appears compromised in human heart failure which is consistent with data from mouse studies. The extent of cardiac RLC phosphorylation is determined by the balanced activities of cardiac myosin light chain kinases and phosphatases, the regulatory mechanisms of which are now emerging. This review thusly focuses on kinases that may participate in phosphorylating RLC to make the substrate for cardiac myosin light chain phosphatases, in addition to providing perspectives on the family of myosin light chain phosphatases and involved signaling mechanisms. Because biochemical and physiological information about cardiac myosin light chain phosphatase is sparse, such studies represent an emerging area of investigation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey N Chang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Kristine E Kamm
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - James T Stull
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Barabutis N, Verin A, Catravas JD. Regulation of pulmonary endothelial barrier function by kinases. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L832-L845. [PMID: 27663990 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00233.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary endothelium is the target of continuous physiological and pathological stimuli that affect its crucial barrier function. The regulation, defense, and repair of endothelial barrier function require complex biochemical processes. This review examines the role of endothelial phosphorylating enzymes, kinases, a class with profound, interdigitating influences on endothelial permeability and lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nektarios Barabutis
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Alexander Verin
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; and
| | - John D Catravas
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, .,School of Medical Diagnostic and Translational Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia
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Murphy S, Dowling P, Zweyer M, Mundegar RR, Henry M, Meleady P, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Proteomic analysis of dystrophin deficiency and associated changes in the aged mdx-4cv heart model of dystrophinopathy-related cardiomyopathy. J Proteomics 2016; 145:24-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Guo Y, Cui L, Jiang S, Wang D, Jiang S, Xie C, Jia Y. S100A1 transgenic treatment of acute heart failure causes proteomic changes in rats. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:1538-52. [PMID: 27357314 PMCID: PMC4940056 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
S100 Ca2+-binding protein A1 (S100A1) is an important regulator of myocardial contractility. The aim of the present study was to identify the underlying mechanisms of S100A1 activity via profiling the protein expression in rats administered with an S100A1 adenovirus (Ad-S100A1-EGFP) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). LTQ OrbiTrap mass spectrometry was used to profile the protein expression in the Ad-S100A1-EGFP and control groups post-AMI. Using Protein Analysis Through Evolutionary Relationships (PANTHER) analysis, 134 energy metabolism-associated proteins, which comprised 20 carbohydrate metabolism-associated and 27 lipid metabolism associated proteins, were identified as differentially expressed in the Ad-S100A1-EGFP hearts compared with controls. The majority of the differentially expressed proteins identified were important enzymes involved in energy metabolism. The present study identified 12 Ca2+-binding proteins and 22 cytoskeletal proteins. The majority of the proteins expressed in the Ad-S100A1-EGFP group were upregulated compared with the control group. These results were further validated using western blot analysis. Following AMI, Ca2+ is crucial for the recovery of myocardial function in S100A1 transgenic rats as indicated by the upregulation of proteins associated with energy metabolism and Ca2+-binding. Thus, the current study ascertained that energy production and contractile ability were enhanced after AMI in the ventricular myocardium of the Ad-S100A1-EGFP group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Lianqun Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Shiliang Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Jiao Tong Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250063, P.R. China
| | - Shu Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Chen Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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Cardiac myosin light chain is phosphorylated by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent and -independent kinase activities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E3824-33. [PMID: 27325775 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1600633113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The well-known, muscle-specific smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) (smMLCK) and skeletal muscle MLCK (skMLCK) are dedicated protein kinases regulated by an autoregulatory segment C terminus of the catalytic core that blocks myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) binding and phosphorylation in the absence of Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM). Although it is known that a more recently discovered cardiac MLCK (cMLCK) is necessary for normal RLC phosphorylation in vivo and physiological cardiac performance, information on cMLCK biochemical properties are limited. We find that a fourth uncharacterized MLCK, MLCK4, is also expressed in cardiac muscle with high catalytic domain sequence similarity with other MLCKs but lacking an autoinhibitory segment. Its crystal structure shows the catalytic domain in its active conformation with a short C-terminal "pseudoregulatory helix" that cannot inhibit catalysis as a result of missing linker regions. MLCK4 has only Ca(2+)/CaM-independent activity with comparable Vmax and Km values for different RLCs. In contrast, the Vmax value of cMLCK is orders of magnitude lower than those of the other three MLCK family members, whereas its Km (RLC and ATP) and KCaM values are similar. In contrast to smMLCK and skMLCK, which lack activity in the absence of Ca(2+)/CaM, cMLCK has constitutive activity that is stimulated by Ca(2+)/CaM. Potential contributions of autoregulatory segment to cMLCK activity were analyzed with chimeras of skMLCK and cMLCK. The constitutive, low activity of cMLCK appears to be intrinsic to its catalytic core structure rather than an autoinhibitory segment. Thus, RLC phosphorylation in cardiac muscle may be regulated by two different protein kinases with distinct biochemical regulatory properties.
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Myosin light chain phosphorylation enhances contraction of heart muscle via structural changes in both thick and thin filaments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E3039-47. [PMID: 27162358 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1602776113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Contraction of heart muscle is triggered by calcium binding to the actin-containing thin filaments but modulated by structural changes in the myosin-containing thick filaments. We used phosphorylation of the myosin regulatory light chain (cRLC) by the cardiac isoform of its specific kinase to elucidate mechanisms of thick filament-mediated contractile regulation in demembranated trabeculae from the rat right ventricle. cRLC phosphorylation enhanced active force and its calcium sensitivity and altered thick filament structure as reported by bifunctional rhodamine probes on the cRLC: the myosin head domains became more perpendicular to the filament axis. The effects of cRLC phosphorylation on thick filament structure and its calcium sensitivity were mimicked by increasing sarcomere length or by deleting the N terminus of the cRLC. Changes in thick filament structure were highly cooperative with respect to either calcium concentration or extent of cRLC phosphorylation. Probes on unphosphorylated myosin heads reported similar structural changes when neighboring heads were phosphorylated, directly demonstrating signaling between myosin heads. Moreover probes on troponin showed that calcium sensitization by cRLC phosphorylation is mediated by the thin filament, revealing a signaling pathway between thick and thin filaments that is still present when active force is blocked by Blebbistatin. These results show that coordinated and cooperative structural changes in the thick and thin filaments are fundamental to the physiological regulation of contractility in the heart. This integrated dual-filament concept of contractile regulation may aid understanding of functional effects of mutations in the protein components of both filaments associated with heart disease.
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Yu H, Chakravorty S, Song W, Ferenczi MA. Phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain of myosin in striated muscle: methodological perspectives. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2016; 45:779-805. [PMID: 27084718 PMCID: PMC5101276 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-016-1128-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain (RLC) of myosin modulates cellular functions such as muscle contraction, mitosis, and cytokinesis. Phosphorylation defects are implicated in a number of diseases. Here we focus on striated muscle where changes in RLC phosphorylation relate to diseases such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and muscular dystrophy, or age-related changes. RLC phosphorylation in smooth muscle and non-muscle cells are covered briefly where relevant. There is much scientific interest in controlling the phosphorylation levels of RLC in vivo and in vitro in order to understand its physiological function in striated muscles. A summary of available and emerging in vivo and in vitro methods is presented. The physiological role of RLC phosphorylation and novel pathways are discussed to highlight the differences between muscle types and to gain insights into disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Yu
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Experimental Medicine Building, Level 3, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Samya Chakravorty
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Experimental Medicine Building, Level 3, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Weihua Song
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Experimental Medicine Building, Level 3, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Michael A Ferenczi
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Experimental Medicine Building, Level 3, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore.
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