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Hussein ZA, Abu-Raghif AR, Tahseen NJ, Rashed KA, Shaker NS, Fawzi HA. Vinpocetine alleviated alveolar epithelial cells injury in experimental pulmonary fibrosis by targeting PPAR-γ/NLRP3/NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathways. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11131. [PMID: 38750140 PMCID: PMC11096407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61269-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the potential anti-fibrotic activity of vinpocetine in an experimental model of pulmonary fibrosis by bleomycin and in the MRC-5 cell line. Pulmonary fibrosis was induced in BALB/c mice by oropharyngeal aspiration of a single dose of bleomycin (5 mg/kg). The remaining induced animals received a daily dose of pirfenidone (as a standard anti-fibrotic drug) (300 mg/kg/PO) and vinpocetine (20 mg/kg/PO) on day 7 of the induction till the end of the experiment (day 21). The results of the experiment revealed that vinpocetine managed to alleviate the fibrotic endpoints by statistically improving (P ≤ 0.05) the weight index, histopathological score, reduced expression of fibrotic-related proteins in immune-stained lung sections, as well as fibrotic markers measured in serum samples. It also alleviated tissue levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory and pro-fibrotic mediators significantly elevated in bleomycin-only induced animals (P ≤ 0.05). Vinpocetine managed to express a remarkable attenuating effect in pulmonary fibrosis both in vivo and in vitro either directly by interfering with the classical TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway or indirectly by upregulating the expression of Nrf2 enhancing the antioxidant system, activating PPAR-γ and downregulating the NLRP3/NF-κB pathway making it a candidate for further clinical investigation in cases of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeena A Hussein
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ahmed R Abu-Raghif
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Nibras J Tahseen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Bayan University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Nada S Shaker
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Russo I, Dun W, Mehta S, Ahmed S, Tzimas C, Fukuma N, Tsai EJ. Extracellular Matrix Instability and Chronic Inflammation Underlie Maladaptive Right Ventricular Pressure Overload Remodeling and Failure in Male Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.03.588013. [PMID: 38617374 PMCID: PMC11014567 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.03.588013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) portends increased death risk for heart failure (HF) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients, regardless of left ventricular function or etiology. In both, RVD arises from the chronic RV pressure overload, and represents advanced cardiopulmonary disease. RV remodeling responses and survival rates of HF and PAH patients, however, differ by sex. Men develop more severe RVD and die at younger ages than do women. Mechanistic details of this sexual dimorphism in RV remodeling are incompletely understood. We sought to elucidate the cardiac pathophysiology underlying the sex-specific RV remodeling phenotypes, RV failure (RVF) versus compensated RVD. Methods We subjected male (M-) and female (F-) adult mice to moderate pulmonary artery banding (PAB) for 9wks. Mice underwent serial echocardiography, cardiac MRI, RV pressure-volume loop recordings, histologic and molecular analyses. Results M-PAB developed severe RVD with RVF, increased RV collagen deposition and degradation, extracellular matrix (ECM) instability, and activation and recruitment of macrophages. Despite the same severity and chronicity of RV pressure overload, F-PAB had more stable ECM, lacked chronic inflammation, and developed mild RVD without RVF. Conclusions ECM destabilization and chronic activation of recruited macrophages are associated with maladaptive RV remodeling and RVF in male PAB mice. Adaptive RV remodeling of female PAB mice lacked these histopathologic changes. Our findings suggest that these two pathophysiologic processes likely contribute to the sexual dimorphism of RV pressure overload remodeling. Further mechanistic studies are needed to assess their pathogenic roles and potential as targets for RVD therapy and RVF prevention. CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE What is new?: In a mouse model of pure PH, males but not females showed an association between ECM instability, chronic inflammation with activation of recruited macrophages, and severe RV dysfunction and failure.What are the clinical implications?: In male HF and PH patients, enhancing ECM stability and countering the recruitment and activation of macrophages may help preserve RV function such that RVF can be prevented or delayed. Further preclinical mechanistic studies are needed to assess the therapeutic potential of such approaches. RESEARCH PERSPECTIVE What new question does this study raise? What question should be addressed next?: What mechanisms regulate RV ECM stability and macrophage recruitment and activation in response to chronic RV pressure overload? Are these regulatory mechanisms dependent upon or independent of sex hormone signaling?
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Song S, Zhang X, Huang Z, Zhao Y, Lu S, Zeng L, Cai F, Wang T, Pei Z, Weng X, Luo W, Lu H, Wei Z, Wu J, Yu P, Shen L, Zhang X, Sun A, Ge J. TEA domain transcription factor 1(TEAD1) induces cardiac fibroblasts cells remodeling through BRD4/Wnt4 pathway. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:45. [PMID: 38374140 PMCID: PMC10876703 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01732-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are the primary cells tasked with depositing and remodeling collagen and significantly associated with heart failure (HF). TEAD1 has been shown to be essential for heart development and homeostasis. However, fibroblast endogenous TEAD1 in cardiac remodeling remains incompletely understood. Transcriptomic analyses revealed consistently upregulated cardiac TEAD1 expression in mice 4 weeks after transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and Ang-II infusion. Further investigation revealed that CFs were the primary cell type expressing elevated TEAD1 levels in response to pressure overload. Conditional TEAD1 knockout was achieved by crossing TEAD1-floxed mice with CFs- and myofibroblasts-specific Cre mice. Echocardiographic and histological analyses demonstrated that CFs- and myofibroblasts-specific TEAD1 deficiency and treatment with TEAD1 inhibitor, VT103, ameliorated TAC-induced cardiac remodeling. Mechanistically, RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analysis identified Wnt4 as a novel TEAD1 target. TEAD1 has been shown to promote the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition through the Wnt signalling pathway, and genetic Wnt4 knockdown inhibited the pro-transformation phenotype in CFs with TEAD1 overexpression. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and luciferase assays demonstrated interaction between TEAD1 and BET protein BRD4, leading to the binding and activation of the Wnt4 promoter. In conclusion, TEAD1 is an essential regulator of the pro-fibrotic CFs phenotype associated with pathological cardiac remodeling via the BRD4/Wnt4 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Song
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaokai Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zihang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongchao Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyang Lu
- Department of cardiac surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linqi Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengze Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tongyao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Pei
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Weng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilun Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Cho S, Dadson K, Sung HK, Ayansola O, Mirzaesmaeili A, Noskovicova N, Zhao Y, Cheung K, Radisic M, Hinz B, Sater AAA, Hsu HH, Lopaschuk GD, Sweeney G. Cardioprotection by the adiponectin receptor agonist ALY688 in a preclinical mouse model of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116119. [PMID: 38181714 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Adiponectin has been shown to mediate cardioprotective effects and levels are typically reduced in patients with cardiometabolic disease. Hence, there has been intense interest in developing adiponectin-based therapeutics. The aim of this translational research study was to examine the functional significance of targeting adiponectin signaling with the adiponectin receptor agonist ALY688 in a mouse model of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), and the mechanisms of cardiac remodeling leading to cardioprotection. METHODS AND RESULTS Wild-type mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) to induce left ventricular pressure overload (PO), or sham surgery, with or without daily subcutaneous ALY688-SR administration. Temporal analysis of cardiac function was conducted via weekly echocardiography for 5 weeks and we observed that ALY688 attenuated the PO-induced dysfunction. ALY688 also reduced cardiac hypertrophic remodeling, assessed via LV mass, heart weight to body weight ratio, cardiomyocyte cross sectional area, ANP and BNP levels. ALY688 also attenuated PO-induced changes in myosin light and heavy chain expression. Collagen content and myofibroblast profile indicated that fibrosis was attenuated by ALY688 with TIMP1 and scleraxis/periostin identified as potential mechanistic contributors. ALY688 reduced PO-induced elevation in circulating cytokines including IL-5, IL-13 and IL-17, and the chemoattractants MCP-1, MIP-1β, MIP-1alpha and MIP-3α. Assessment of myocardial transcript levels indicated that ALY688 suppressed PO-induced elevations in IL-6, TLR-4 and IL-1β, collectively indicating anti-inflammatory effects. Targeted metabolomic profiling indicated that ALY688 increased fatty acid mobilization and oxidation, increased betaine and putrescine plus decreased sphingomyelin and lysophospholipids, a profile indicative of improved insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the adiponectin mimetic peptide ALY688 reduced PO-induced fibrosis, hypertrophy, inflammation and metabolic dysfunction and represents a promising therapeutic approach for treating HFrEF in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungji Cho
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Keith Dadson
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Ali Mirzaesmaeili
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nina Noskovicova
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E2, Canada
| | - Yimu Zhao
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Krisco Cheung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Boris Hinz
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E2, Canada; Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Ali A Abdul Sater
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Henry H Hsu
- Allysta Pharmaceuticals Inc. Bellevue, WA, USA
| | - Gary D Lopaschuk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Gary Sweeney
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Liu Y, Wang L, Liu Z, Kang Y, Chen T, Xu C, Zhu T. Durable Immunomodulatory Nanofiber Niche for the Functional Remodeling of Cardiovascular Tissue. ACS NANO 2024; 18:951-971. [PMID: 38146717 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Functional remodeling and prolonged anti-inflammatory responses are both vital for repairing damage in the cardiovascular system. Although these aspects have each been studied extensively alone, attempts to fabricate scaffolds that combine these effects have seen limited success. In this study, we synthesized salvianic acid A (SA, danshensu) blocked biodegradable polyurethane (PCHU-D) and enclosed it within electrospun nanofibers to synthesize a durable immunomodulatory nanofiber niche (DINN), which provided sustained SA release during inflammation. Given its excellent processability, mechanical properties, and shape memory function, we developed two variants of the DINN as vascular scaffolds and heart patches. Both these variants exhibited outstanding therapeutic effects in in vivo experiments. The DINN was expertly designed such that it gradually decomposes along with SA release, substantially facilitating cellular infiltration and tissue remodeling. Therefore, the DINN effectively inhibited the migration and chemotaxis of inflammatory cells, while also increasing the expression of angiogenic genes. As a result, it promoted the recovery of myocardial function after myocardial infarction and induced rapid reendothelialization following arterial orthotopic transplantation repair. These excellent characteristics indicate that the DINN holds great potential as a multifunctional agent for repairing cardiovascular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghang Liu
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials, Institute for Frontier Medical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Liren Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Xueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yuhao Kang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Tianhui Chen
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Xueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Tonghe Zhu
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials, Institute for Frontier Medical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
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Frangogiannis NG. TGF-β as a therapeutic target in the infarcted and failing heart: cellular mechanisms, challenges, and opportunities. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:45-56. [PMID: 38329809 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2316735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myocardial fibrosis accompanies most cardiac conditions and can be reparative or maladaptive. Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β is a potent fibrogenic mediator, involved in repair, remodeling, and fibrosis of the injured heart. AREAS COVERED This review manuscript discusses the role of TGF-β in heart failure focusing on cellular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. TGF-β is activated in infarcted, remodeling and failing hearts. In addition to its fibrogenic actions, TGF-β has a broad range of effects on cardiomyocytes, immune, and vascular cells that may have both protective and detrimental consequences. TGF-β-mediated effects on macrophages promote anti-inflammatory transition, whereas actions on fibroblasts mediate reparative scar formation and effects on pericytes are involved in maturation of infarct neovessels. On the other hand, TGF-β actions on cardiomyocytes promote adverse remodeling, and prolonged activation of TGF-β signaling in fibroblasts stimulates progression of fibrosis and heart failure. EXPERT OPINION Understanding of the cell-specific actions of TGF-β is necessary to design therapeutic strategies in patients with myocardial disease. Moreover, to implement therapeutic interventions in the heterogeneous population of heart failure patients, mechanism-driven classification of both HFrEF and HFpEF patients is needed. Heart failure patients with prolonged or overactive fibrogenic TGF-β responses may benefit from cautious TGF-β inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Wang AH, Ma HY, Yi YL, Zhu SJ, Yu ZW, Zhu J, Mei S, Bahetibike S, Lu YQ, Huang LT, Yang RY, Rui-Wang, Xiao SL, Qi R. Oleanolic acid derivative alleviates cardiac fibrosis through inhibiting PTP1B activity and regulating AMPK/TGF-β/Smads pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176116. [PMID: 38059443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis (CF) in response to persistent exogenous stimuli or myocardial injury results in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) can promote collagen deposition through regulating AMPK/TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway, and PTP1B knockout improves cardiac dysfunction against overload-induced heart failure. Oleanolic acid (OA) has been proven to be an inhibitor of PTP1B, and its anti-cardiac remodeling effects have been validated in different mouse models. To improve the bioactivity of OA and to clarify whether OA derivatives with stronger inhibition of PTP1B activity have greater prevention of cardiac remodeling than OA, four new OA derivatives were synthesized and among them, we found that compound B had better effects than OA in inhibiting cardiac fibrosis both in vivo in the isoproterenol (ISO)-induced mouse cardiac fibrosis and in vitro in the TGF-β/ISO-induced 3T3 cells. Combining with the results of molecular docking, surface plasmon resonance and PTP1B activity assay, we reported that OA and compound B directly bound to PTP1B and inhibited its activity, and that compound B showed comparable binding capability but stronger inhibitory effect on PTP1B activity than OA. Moreover, compound B presented much greater effects on AMPK activation and TGF-β/Smads inhibition than OA. Taken together, OA derivative compound B more significantly alleviated cardiac fibrosis than OA through much greater inhibition of PTP1B activity and thus much stronger regulation of AMPK/TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hao-Yue Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yan-Liang Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Su-Jie Zhu
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zhe-Wei Yu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Si Mei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shamuha Bahetibike
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - You-Qun Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Li-Ting Huang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruo-Yao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Rui-Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Su-Long Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Rong Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, 100191, China.
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8
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Huang Y, Dai H. ATF3 affects myocardial fibrosis remodeling after myocardial infarction by regulating autophagy and its mechanism of action. Gene 2023; 885:147705. [PMID: 37572799 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Myocardial fibrosis remodeling is a key event in the development of heart anomalousness and dysfunction after myocardial infarction (MI). The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) on myocardial fibrosis remodeling after MI and its underlying mechanism, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical development of new strategies for MI treatment. METHODS MI mouse formers were structured by hypodesmus of the left anterior descending (LAD) arteria coronaria of mice, and primary cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were separated and cultivated to investigate the effect of ATF3 on myocardial fibrosis after MI and its mechanism. RESULTS Increased collagen content and autophagic flux were found in the left ventricle (LV) tissues of MI mice as shown by Sirius red staining and Western blotting (WB) analysis. Meanwhile, immunofluorescence staining and WB analysis showed that ATF3 was raised in response to MI damage. After remedy with angiotensin II (AngII), the activity and differentiation of CFs were significantly raised, the expression of collagens was increased, and the level of autophagy was notably increased. Furthermore, AngII stimulation remarkably raised the expression of ATF3. Interestingly, knockdown of ATF3 in AngII-CFs reversed the above changes. In addition, after intervention with 3-methyladenine (3-MA), an autophagy restrainer, the activity and differentiation of AngII-CFs, as well as the relative collagen levels and autophagic flux were reduced. However, up-regulation of ATF3 protein expression partially reversed the effect of 3-MA on AngII-CFs. CONCLUSION ATF3 can regulate the proliferation of CFs and collagen production by affecting autophagy, thus affecting myocardial fibrosis remodeling after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Laboratory of Wenzhou Pan Vascular Disease Management Center, 252 Bailidong Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haiyue Dai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Laboratory of Wenzhou Pan Vascular Disease Management Center, 252 Bailidong Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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9
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Bin S, Xinyi F, Huan P, Xiaoqin Z, Jiming W, Yi H, Ziyue L, Xiaochun Z, Zhouqi L, Bangwei Z, Jing J, Shihui L, Jinlai G. SOX4 as a potential therapeutic target for pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 958:176071. [PMID: 37741429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy can lead to heart failure, making its prevention crucial. SOX4, a SOX transcription factor, regulates tissue growth and development, although its role in pathological cardiac hypertrophy is unclear. We found that the SOX4 expression was elevated in hypertrophic hearts and angiotensin II (Ang II)-treated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs), and knocking down the SOX4 expression in NRCMs and mouse hearts significantly reduced the hypertrophic response. Mechanistically, SOX4 can bind to the SIRT3 promoter, inhibit SIRT3 transcription and expression, and thus affect downstream MnSOD acetylation levels, leading to abnormal increases in ROS and oxidative stress levels and promoting the occurrence of cardiac hypertrophy. In conclusion, this study identified a new role for SOX4 in regulating cardiac hypertrophy, and decreasing SOX4 expression may be a potential treatment for pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Bin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Feng Xinyi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Pan Huan
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Zhang Xiaoqin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Wu Jiming
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - He Yi
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China; Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Li Ziyue
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Zou Xiaochun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Lu Zhouqi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Zhou Bangwei
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Jin Jing
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China.
| | - Liu Shihui
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China.
| | - Gao Jinlai
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China.
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10
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Tian G, Zhou J, Quan Y, Kong Q, Li J, Xin Y, Wu W, Tang X, Liu X. Voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) overexpression alleviates cardiac fibroblast activation in cardiac fibrosis via regulating fatty acid metabolism. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102907. [PMID: 37797372 PMCID: PMC10622884 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix in the myocardium with cardiac fibroblast activation, leading to chronic cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. However, little is known about metabolic alterations in fibroblasts during cardiac fibrosis, and there is a lack of pharmaceutical treatments that target metabolic dysregulation. Here, we provided evidence that fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) dysregulation contributes to fibroblast activation and cardiac fibrosis. With transcriptome, metabolome, and functional assays, we demonstrated that FAO was downregulated during fibroblast activation and cardiac fibrosis, and that perturbation of FAO reversely affected the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition. The decrease in FAO may be attributed to reduced long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) uptake. Voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), the main gatekeeper of the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM), serves as the transporter of LCFA into the mitochondria for further utilization and has been shown to be decreased in myofibroblasts. In vitro, the addition of exogenous VDAC1 was shown to ameliorate cardiac fibroblast activation initiated by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) stimuli, and silencing of VDAC1 displayed the opposite effect. A mechanistic study revealed that VDAC1 exerts a protective effect by regulating LCFA uptake into the mitochondria, which is impaired by an inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A. In vivo, AAV9-mediated overexpression of VDAC1 in myofibroblasts significantly alleviated transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced cardiac fibrosis and rescued cardiac function in mice. Finally, we treated mice with the VDAC1-derived R-Tf-D-LP4 peptide, and the results showed that R-Tf-D-LP4 prevented TAC-induced cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction in mice. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that VDAC1 maintains FAO metabolism in cardiac fibroblasts to repress fibroblast activation and cardiac fibrosis and suggests that the VDAC1 peptide is a promising drug for rescuing fibroblast metabolism and repressing cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geer Tian
- Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Junteng Zhou
- Health Management Center, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yue Quan
- Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Qihang Kong
- Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Junli Li
- Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Yanguo Xin
- Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Wenchao Wu
- Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Xiaoqiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17 People's South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, No.17 People's South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17 People's South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
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11
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Ma J, Li Y, Ji X, Wang A, Lan Y, Ma L. Integrating network pharmacology and experimental verification to explore the mechanisms of salidroside against myocardial fibrosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 677:38-44. [PMID: 37544102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis (MF) is the manifestation of a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Salidroside (SAL) has been proved to have a certain effect on anti-fibrosis in various organs. However, the mechanism of SAL in the treatment of MF remains unclear. Network pharmacology showed that there were 1228 SAL-related target genes and 2793 MF-related target genes. The intersection of these genes resulted in 271 drug-disease interactions, and 15 core active targets were filtered from protein-protein interaction mapping. The top 20 Gene ontology biological processes analysis showed that the involved processes were close to the pathogenesis of MF. Among the top 20 enriched KEGG pathways, Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathways were identified. In vivo, MI rats exhibited thinning of the myocardial region and the formation of fibrous scars, the expression of smad3 and β-catenin were increased. After SAL treatment, there was a significant reduction in collagen area and a decrease in the ratio of collagen type I to type III. The expression of smad3 and β-catenin was suppressed and positively correlated with the dosage of SAL. SAL may contribute to the progression of MF through the TGF-β1/Smad3 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ma
- Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Changping District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Graduate School of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodi Ji
- Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Lan
- Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Ma
- Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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12
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Schlittler M, Pramstaller PP, Rossini A, De Bortoli M. Myocardial Fibrosis in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Perspective from Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14845. [PMID: 37834293 PMCID: PMC10573356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited heart disease and the leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young people. Mutations in genes that encode structural proteins of the cardiac sarcomere are the more frequent genetic cause of HCM. The disease is characterized by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis, which is defined as the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, mainly collagen I and III, in the myocardium. The development of fibrotic tissue in the heart adversely affects cardiac function. In this review, we discuss the latest evidence on how cardiac fibrosis is promoted, the role of cardiac fibroblasts, their interaction with cardiomyocytes, and their activation via the TGF-β pathway, the primary intracellular signalling pathway regulating extracellular matrix turnover. Finally, we summarize new findings on profibrotic genes as well as genetic and non-genetic factors involved in the pathophysiology of HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marzia De Bortoli
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine (Affiliated to the University of Lübeck), 39100 Bolzano, Italy
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13
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Chu L, Xie D, Xu D. Epigenetic Regulation of Fibroblasts and Crosstalk between Cardiomyocytes and Non-Myocyte Cells in Cardiac Fibrosis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1382. [PMID: 37759781 PMCID: PMC10526373 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms and cell crosstalk have been shown to play important roles in the initiation and progression of cardiac fibrosis. This review article aims to provide a thorough overview of the epigenetic mechanisms involved in fibroblast regulation. During fibrosis, fibroblast epigenetic regulation encompasses a multitude of mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone acetylation and methylation, and chromatin remodeling. These mechanisms regulate the phenotype of fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix composition by modulating gene expression, thereby orchestrating the progression of cardiac fibrosis. Moreover, cardiac fibrosis disrupts normal cardiac function by imposing myocardial mechanical stress and compromising cardiac electrical conduction. This review article also delves into the intricate crosstalk between cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocytes in the heart. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms governing epigenetic regulation and cell crosstalk in cardiac fibrosis is critical for the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Further research is warranted to unravel the precise molecular mechanisms underpinning these processes and to identify potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dachun Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 315 Yanchang Middle Road, Shanghai 200072, China; (L.C.); (D.X.)
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14
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Liu X, Burke RM, Lighthouse JK, Baker CD, Dirkx RA, Kang B, Chakraborty Y, Mickelsen DM, Twardowski J, Mello SS, Ashton JM, Small EM. p53 Regulates the Extent of Fibroblast Proliferation and Fibrosis in Left Ventricle Pressure Overload. Circ Res 2023; 133:271-287. [PMID: 37409456 PMCID: PMC10361635 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.320324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiomyopathy is characterized by the pathological accumulation of resident cardiac fibroblasts that deposit ECM (extracellular matrix) and generate a fibrotic scar. However, the mechanisms that control the timing and extent of cardiac fibroblast proliferation and ECM production are not known, hampering the development of antifibrotic strategies to prevent heart failure. METHODS We used the Tcf21 (transcription factor 21)MerCreMer mouse line for fibroblast-specific lineage tracing and p53 (tumor protein p53) gene deletion. We characterized cardiac physiology and used single-cell RNA-sequencing and in vitro studies to investigate the p53-dependent mechanisms regulating cardiac fibroblast cell cycle and fibrosis in left ventricular pressure overload induced by transaortic constriction. RESULTS Cardiac fibroblast proliferation occurs primarily between days 7 and 14 following transaortic constriction in mice, correlating with alterations in p53-dependent gene expression. p53 deletion in fibroblasts led to a striking accumulation of Tcf21-lineage cardiac fibroblasts within the normal proliferative window and precipitated a robust fibrotic response to left ventricular pressure overload. However, excessive interstitial and perivascular fibrosis does not develop until after cardiac fibroblasts exit the cell cycle. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed p53 null fibroblasts unexpectedly express lower levels of genes encoding important ECM proteins while they exhibit an inappropriately proliferative phenotype. in vitro studies establish a role for p53 in suppressing the proliferative fibroblast phenotype, which facilitates the expression and secretion of ECM proteins. Importantly, Cdkn2a (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2a) expression and the p16Ink4a-retinoblastoma cell cycle control pathway is induced in p53 null cardiac fibroblasts, which may eventually contribute to cell cycle exit and fulminant scar formation. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a mechanism regulating cardiac fibroblast accumulation and ECM secretion, orchestrated in part by p53-dependent cell cycle control that governs the timing and extent of fibrosis in left ventricular pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Liu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ryan M. Burke
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Janet K. Lighthouse
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wegmans School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John Fisher College, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Cameron D. Baker
- Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ronald A. Dirkx
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Brian Kang
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yashoswini Chakraborty
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Deanne M. Mickelsen
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Twardowski
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Stephano S. Mello
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - John M. Ashton
- Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Eric M. Small
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642
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15
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González-Herrera F, Catalán M, Anfossi R, Maya JD, Pedrozo Z, Díaz-Araya G, Vivar R. SGK1 is necessary to FoxO3a negative regulation, oxidative stress and cardiac fibroblast activation induced by TGF-β1. Cell Signal 2023; 109:110778. [PMID: 37343898 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) activation is a common response to most pathological conditions affecting the heart, characterized by increased cellular secretory capacity and increased expression of fibrotic markers, such as collagen I and smooth muscle actin type alpha (α-SMA). Fibrotic activation of CFs induces the increase in tissue protein content, with the consequent tissue stiffness, diastolic dysfunction, and heart failure. Therefore, the search for new mechanisms of CFs activation is important to find novel treatments for cardiac diseases characterized by fibrosis. In this regard, TGF-β1, a cytokine with proinflammatory and fibrotic properties, is crucial in the CFs activation and the development of fibrotic diseases, whereas its molecular targets are not completely known. Serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (SGK1) is a protein involved in various pathophysiological phenomena, especially cardiac and renal diseases that curse with fibrosis. Additionally, SGK1 phosphorylates and regulates the activity and expression of several targets, highlighting FoxO3a for its role in the regulation of oxidative stress and CFs activation induced by TGF-β1. However, the regulation of SGK1 by TGF-β1 and its role in CFs activation have not been studied. In this work, we evaluate the role of SGK1 in CFs isolated from neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats. The participation of SGK1 in the fibrotic activation of CFs induced by TGF-β1 was analyzed, using an inhibitor or siRNA of SGK1. In addition, the role of SGK1 on the regulation of FoxO3a and oxidative stress induced by TGF-β1 was analyzed. Our results indicate that TGF-β1 increased both the activity and expression of SGK1 in CFs, requiring the activation of MAPKs, ERK1/2, p38 and JNK, while inhibition and silencing of SGK1 prevented TGF-β1-induced fibrotic activation of CFs. In addition, SGK1 inhibition prevented FoxO3a inactivation and expression reduction, catalase and SOD2 expression decrease, and the increase of oxidative stress induced by TGF-β1. Taken together, our results position SGK1 as an important regulator of CFs activation driven by TGF-β1, at least in part, through the regulation of FoxO3a and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola González-Herrera
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mabel Catalán
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Renatto Anfossi
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Diego Maya
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Zully Pedrozo
- Physiology and Biophysical Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Guillermo Díaz-Araya
- Department of Pharmacological & Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Raúl Vivar
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Pharmacological & Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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16
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Ridwan M, Dimiati H, Syukri M, Lesmana R. Potential molecular mechanism underlying cardiac fibrosis in diabetes mellitus: a narrative review. Egypt Heart J 2023; 75:46. [PMID: 37306727 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-023-00376-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is among the most common risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the world with prevalence of more than 500 million population in 2021. Cardiac fibrosis with its complex process has been hypothesized as one of the mechanisms explaining development of heart failure in diabetic patients. Recently, the biomolecular mechanism of cardiac fibrosis in the hyperglycemia setting has been focusing around transforming growth factor β-1 (TGFβ-1) as a major factor. However, there is interplay role of several factors including microRNAs (miRNAs) which acts as a potential regulator of cardiac fibrosis connected with TGFβ-1. In this review, we explored interplay role of several factors including microRNAs which acts as a potential regulator of cardiac fibrosis connected with TGFβ-1 in diabetes mellitus. This narrative review included articles from the PubMed and Science Direct databases published in the last 10 years (2012-2022). MAIN TEXT In diabetic patients, excessive activation of myofibroblasts occurs and triggers pro-collagen to convert into mature collagen to fill the cardiac interstitial space resulting in a pathological process of extracellular matrix remodeling. The balance between matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and its inhibitor (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase, TIMP) is crucial in degradation of the extracellular matrix. Diabetes-related cardiac fibrosis is modulated by increasing level of TGF-β1 mediated by cellular components, including cardiomyocyte and non-cardiomyocyte cells involving fibroblasts, vascular pericytes smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Several miRNAs such as miR-21, miR-9, miR-29, miR-30d, miR-144, miR-34a, miR-150, miR-320, and miR-378 are upregulated in diabetic cardiomyopathy. TGF-β1, together with inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, combined sma and the mothers against decapentaplegic (smad) protein, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and microRNAs, is interconnectedly involved in extracellular matrix production and fibrotic response. In this review, we explored interplay role of several factors including microRNAs which acts as a potential regulator of cardiac fibrosis connected with TGFβ-1 in diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS Long-term hyperglycemia activates cardiac fibroblast via complex processes involving TGF-β1, miRNA, inflammatory chemokines, oxidative stress, smad, or MAPK pathways. There is increasing evidence of miRNA's roles lately in modulating cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ridwan
- Doctorate School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23116, Indonesia
| | - Herlina Dimiati
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia.
| | - Maimun Syukri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Ronny Lesmana
- Physiology Division, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia
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17
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Wu Z, Wang X, Liang H, Liu F, Li Y, Zhang H, Wang C, Wang Q. Identification of Signature Genes of Dilated Cardiomyopathy Using Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087339. [PMID: 37108502 PMCID: PMC10139023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by left ventricular or biventricular enlargement with systolic dysfunction. To date, the underlying molecular mechanisms of dilated cardiomyopathy pathogenesis have not been fully elucidated, although some insights have been presented. In this study, we combined public database resources and a doxorubicin-induced DCM mouse model to explore the significant genes of DCM in full depth. We first retrieved six DCM-related microarray datasets from the GEO database using several keywords. Then we used the "LIMMA" (linear model for microarray data) R package to filter each microarray for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Robust rank aggregation (RRA), an extremely robust rank aggregation method based on sequential statistics, was then used to integrate the results of the six microarray datasets to filter out the reliable differential genes. To further improve the reliability of our results, we established a doxorubicin-induced DCM model in C57BL/6N mice, using the "DESeq2" software package to identify DEGs in the sequencing data. We cross-validated the results of RRA analysis with those of animal experiments by taking intersections and identified three key differential genes (including BEX1, RGCC and VSIG4) associated with DCM as well as many important biological processes (extracellular matrix organisation, extracellular structural organisation, sulphur compound binding, and extracellular matrix structural components) and a signalling pathway (HIF-1 signalling pathway). In addition, we confirmed the significant effect of these three genes in DCM using binary logistic regression analysis. These findings will help us to better understand the pathogenesis of DCM and may be key targets for future clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Hao Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yingxuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Huaxing Zhang
- Core Facilities and Centers, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Chunying Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
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18
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Cryptotanshinone Attenuated Pathological Cardiac Remodeling In Vivo and In Vitro Experiments. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:4015199. [PMID: 36743695 PMCID: PMC9897919 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4015199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Objective Cardiac remodeling has been demonstrated to be the early stage and common pathway for various types of cardiomyopathy, but no specific treatment has been suggested to prevent its development and progress. This study was aimed at assessing whether Cryptotanshinone (CTS) treatment could effectively attenuate cardiac remodeling in vivo and in vitro. Methods Aortic banding (AB) surgery was performed to establish a pressure-overload-induced mouse cardiac remodeling model. Echocardiography and pressure-volume proof were used to examine mouse cardiac function. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Picro-Sirius Red (PSR) staining were used to assess cardiac remodeling in vivo. Mouse hearts were collected to analysis signaling pathway and cardiac remodeling markers, respectively. Furthermore, neonatal rat cardiomyocyte (NRCMs) and cardiac fibroblast (CF) were isolated to investigate the roles and mechanisms of CTS treatment in vitro. Results CTS administration significantly alleviated pressure-overload-induced mouse cardiac dysfunction, inhibited cardiac hypertrophy, and reduced cardiac fibrosis. Mechanically, CTS treatment significantly inhibited the STAT3 and TGF-β/SMAD3 signaling pathways. In vitro experiments, CTS treatment markedly inhibited AngII-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and TGF-β-induced myofibroblast activation via inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation and its nuclear translocation. Finally, CTS treatment could not protect against pressure overload-induced mouse cardiac remodeling after adenovirus-associated virus (AAV)9-mediated STAT3 overexpression in mouse heart. Conclusion CTS treatment might attenuate pathological cardiac remodeling via inhibiting STAT3-dependent pathway.
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19
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Ushakov A, Ivanchenko V, Gagarina A. Heart Failure And Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Neurohumoral, Histological And Molecular Interconnections. Curr Cardiol Rev 2023; 19:e170622206132. [PMID: 35718961 PMCID: PMC10201898 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x18666220617121144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a global healthcare burden and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) appears to be one of the major risk factors that significantly worsen HF prognosis and increase the risk of fatal cardiovascular outcomes. Despite a great knowledge of pathophysiological mechanisms involved in HF development and progression, hospitalization rates in patients with HF and concomitant T2DM remain elevated. In this review, we discuss the complex interplay between systemic neurohumoral regulation and local cardiac mechanisms participating in myocardial remodeling and HF development in T2DM with special attention to cardiomyocyte energy metabolism, mitochondrial function and calcium metabolism, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and death, extracellular matrix remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Ushakov
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russian Federation
| | - V. Ivanchenko
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russian Federation
| | - A. Gagarina
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russian Federation
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20
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Nagalingam RS, Chattopadhyaya S, Al-Hattab DS, Cheung DYC, Schwartz LY, Jana S, Aroutiounova N, Ledingham DA, Moffatt TL, Landry NM, Bagchi RA, Dixon IMC, Wigle JT, Oudit GY, Kassiri Z, Jassal DS, Czubryt MP. Scleraxis and fibrosis in the pressure-overloaded heart. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:4739-4750. [PMID: 36200607 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS In response to pro-fibrotic signals, scleraxis regulates cardiac fibroblast activation in vitro via transcriptional control of key fibrosis genes such as collagen and fibronectin; however, its role in vivo is unknown. The present study assessed the impact of scleraxis loss on fibroblast activation, cardiac fibrosis, and dysfunction in pressure overload-induced heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS Scleraxis expression was upregulated in the hearts of non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy patients, and in mice subjected to pressure overload by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Tamoxifen-inducible fibroblast-specific scleraxis knockout (Scx-fKO) completely attenuated cardiac fibrosis, and significantly improved cardiac systolic function and ventricular remodelling, following TAC compared to Scx+/+ TAC mice, concomitant with attenuation of fibroblast activation. Scleraxis deletion, after the establishment of cardiac fibrosis, attenuated the further functional decline observed in Scx+/+ mice, with a reduction in cardiac myofibroblasts. Notably, scleraxis knockout reduced pressure overload-induced mortality from 33% to zero, without affecting the degree of cardiac hypertrophy. Scleraxis directly regulated transcription of the myofibroblast marker periostin, and cardiac fibroblasts lacking scleraxis failed to upregulate periostin synthesis and secretion in response to pro-fibrotic transforming growth factor β. CONCLUSION Scleraxis governs fibroblast activation in pressure overload-induced heart failure, and scleraxis knockout attenuated fibrosis and improved cardiac function and survival. These findings identify scleraxis as a viable target for the development of novel anti-fibrotic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu S Nagalingam
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Sikta Chattopadhyaya
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Danah S Al-Hattab
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - David Y C Cheung
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Leah Y Schwartz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Sayantan Jana
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Nina Aroutiounova
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - D Allison Ledingham
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Teri L Moffatt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Natalie M Landry
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Rushita A Bagchi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Ian M C Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jeffrey T Wigle
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Gavin Y Oudit
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Davinder S Jassal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Michael P Czubryt
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
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21
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Pulmonary Fibrosis as a Result of Acute Lung Inflammation: Molecular Mechanisms, Relevant In Vivo Models, Prognostic and Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314959. [PMID: 36499287 PMCID: PMC9735580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic progressive lung disease that steadily leads to lung architecture disruption and respiratory failure. The development of pulmonary fibrosis is mostly the result of previous acute lung inflammation, caused by a wide variety of etiological factors, not resolved over time and causing the deposition of fibrotic tissue in the lungs. Despite a long history of study and good coverage of the problem in the scientific literature, the effective therapeutic approaches for pulmonary fibrosis treatment are currently lacking. Thus, the study of the molecular mechanisms underlying the transition from acute lung inflammation to pulmonary fibrosis, and the search for new molecular markers and promising therapeutic targets to prevent pulmonary fibrosis development, remain highly relevant tasks. This review focuses on the etiology, pathogenesis, morphological characteristics and outcomes of acute lung inflammation as a precursor of pulmonary fibrosis; the pathomorphological changes in the lungs during fibrosis development; the known molecular mechanisms and key players of the signaling pathways mediating acute lung inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis, as well as the characteristics of the most common in vivo models of these processes. Moreover, the prognostic markers of acute lung injury severity and pulmonary fibrosis development as well as approved and potential therapeutic approaches suppressing the transition from acute lung inflammation to fibrosis are discussed.
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22
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Li R, Frangogiannis NG. Integrins in cardiac fibrosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 172:1-13. [PMID: 35872324 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cells sense mechanical stress and changes in their matrix environment through the integrins, a family of heterodimeric surface receptors that bind to extracellular matrix ligands and trigger cytoskeletal remodeling, while transducing a wide range of intracellular signals. Integrins have been extensively implicated in regulation of inflammation, repair and fibrosis in many different tissues. This review manuscript discusses the role of integrin-mediated cascades in myocardial fibrosis. In vitro studies have demonstrated that β1 and αv integrins play an important role in fibrogenic conversion of cardiac fibroblast, acting through direct stimulation of FAK/Src cascades, or via accentuation of growth factor signaling. Fibrogenic actions of αv integrins may be mediated, at least in part, through pericellular activation of latent TGF-β stores. In vivo evidence supporting the role of integrin heterodimers in fibrotic cardiac remodeling is limited to associative evidence, and to experiments using pharmacologic inhibitors, or global loss-of-function approaches. Studies documenting in vivo actions of integrins on fibroblasts using cell-specific strategies are lacking. Integrin effects on leukocytes may also contribute to the pathogenesis of fibrotic myocardial responses by mediating recruitment and activation of fibrogenic macrophages. The profile and role of integrins in cardiac fibrosis may be dependent on the underlying pathologic condition. Considering their cell surface localization and the availability of small molecule inhibitors, integrins may be attractive therapeutic targets for patients with heart failure associated with prominent fibrotic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoshui Li
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America.
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23
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Micheletti R, Alexanian M. Transcriptional plasticity of fibroblasts in heart disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1247-1255. [PMID: 36281993 PMCID: PMC9704531 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts play an essential role in maintaining the structural framework of the heart. Upon stress, fibroblasts undergo a cell state transition to activated fibroblasts (also referred to as myofibroblasts), a highly synthetic cell type that proliferates, migrates, and secrets both extracellular matrix as well as signaling factors that can modulate cellular crosstalk [J. Clin. Invest. 132, e148554]. Activated fibroblasts are critical regulators of cardiac wound healing after injury, but their excessive and persistent activation promote tissue fibrosis, a hallmark feature of the pathological remodeling of the heart. While much of the previous work in cardiac fibroblast biology has focused on the role of canonical signaling pathways or components of the extracellular matrix, recent efforts have been focused on deciphering the gene regulatory principles governing fibroblast activation. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that trigger and sustain the fibrotic process in heart disease has the potential to accelerate the development of therapies that specifically target the cardiac activated fibroblasts, which are at the moment unavailable. This concise review focuses on the mechanisms underlying the chromatin and transcriptional regulation of cardiac fibroblast activation. We discuss recent work from our group and others in this space, highlighting the application of single-cell genomics in the characterization of fibroblast function and diversity, and provide an overview on the prospects of targeting cardiac fibroblasts in heart disease and the associated challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudi Micheletti
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department and School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
| | - Michael Alexanian
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
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24
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Targeted Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 Prevents Aortic Dissection in a Murine Model. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203218. [PMID: 36291087 PMCID: PMC9600539 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic dissection (AD) is a lethal aortic pathology without effective medical treatments since the underlying pathological mechanisms responsible for AD remain elusive. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP8) has been previously identified as a key player in atherosclerosis and arterial remodeling. However, the functional role of MMP8 in AD remains largely unknown. Here, we report that an increased level of MMP8 was observed in 3-aminopropionitrile fumarate (BAPN)-induced murine AD. AD incidence and aortic elastin fragmentation were markedly reduced in MMP8-knockout mice. Importantly, pharmacologic inhibition of MMP8 significantly reduced the AD incidence and aortic elastin fragmentation. We observed less inflammatory cell accumulation, a lower level of aortic inflammation, and decreased smooth muscle cell (SMC) apoptosis in MMP8-knockout mice. In line with our previous observation that MMP8 cleaves Ang I to generate Ang II, BAPN-treated MMP8-knockout mice had increased levels of Ang I, but decreased levels of Ang II and lower blood pressure. Additionally, we observed a decreased expression level of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM1) and a reduced level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MMP8-knockout aortas. Mechanistically, our data show that the Ang II/VCAM1 signal axis is responsible for MMP8-mediated inflammatory cell invasion and transendothelial migration, while MMP8-mediated SMC inflammation and apoptosis are attributed to Ang II/ROS signaling. Finally, we observed higher levels of aortic and serum MMP8 in patients with AD. We therefore provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying AD and identify MMP8 as a potential therapeutic target for this life-threatening aortic disease.
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25
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Burgos Villar KN, Liu X, Small EM. Transcriptional regulation of cardiac fibroblast phenotypic plasticity. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 28:100556. [PMID: 36777260 PMCID: PMC9915012 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2022.100556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts play critical roles in the maintenance of cardiac structure and the response to cardiac insult. Extracellular matrix deposition by activated resident cardiac fibroblasts, called myofibroblasts, is an essential wound healing response. However, persistent fibroblast activation contributes to pathological fibrosis and cardiac chamber stiffening, which can cause diastolic dysfunction, heart failure, and initiate lethal arrhythmias. The dynamic and phenotypically plastic nature of cardiac fibroblasts is governed in part by the transcriptional regulation of genes encoding extracellular matrix molecules. Understanding how fibroblasts integrate various biomechanical cues into a precise transcriptional response may uncover therapeutic strategies to prevent fibrosis. Here, we provide an overview of the recent literature on transcriptional control of cardiac fibroblast plasticity and fibrosis, with a focus on canonical and non-canonical TGF-β signaling, biomechanical regulation of Hippo/YAP and Rho/MRTF signaling, and metabolic and epigenetic control of fibroblast activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly N. Burgos Villar
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA,Department of Pathology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Eric M. Small
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA,Correspondence:
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26
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Guo AH, Baliira R, Skinner ME, Kumar S, Andren A, Zhang L, Goldsmith RS, Michan S, Davis NJ, Maccani MW, Day SM, Sinclair DA, Brody MJ, Lyssiotis CA, Stein AB, Lombard DB. Sirtuin 5 levels are limiting in preserving cardiac function and suppressing fibrosis in response to pressure overload. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12258. [PMID: 35851833 PMCID: PMC9293976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16506-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is the inability of the heart to pump blood sufficiently to meet the metabolic demands of the body. HF with reduced systolic function is characterized by cardiac hypertrophy, ventricular fibrosis and remodeling, and decreased cardiac contractility, leading to cardiac functional impairment and death. Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) is a well-established model for inducing hypertrophy and HF in rodents. Mice globally deficient in sirtuin 5 (SIRT5), a NAD+-dependent deacylase, are hypersensitive to cardiac stress and display increased mortality after TAC. Prior studies assessing SIRT5 functions in the heart have all employed loss-of-function approaches. In this study, we generated SIRT5 overexpressing (SIRT5OE) mice, and evaluated their response to chronic pressure overload using TAC. Compared to littermate controls, SIRT5OE mice were protected against adverse functional consequences of TAC, left ventricular dilation and impaired ejection fraction. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that SIRT5 suppresses key HF sequelae, including the metabolic switch from fatty acid oxidation to glycolysis, immune activation, and fibrotic signaling pathways. We conclude that SIRT5 is a limiting factor in the preservation of cardiac function in response to experimental pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela H Guo
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Rachael Baliira
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Mary E Skinner
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Surinder Kumar
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Anthony Andren
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Robert S Goldsmith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Shaday Michan
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Rejuvenate Bio Inc, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Norma J Davis
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Merissa W Maccani
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sharlene M Day
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - David A Sinclair
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Matthew J Brody
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Adam B Stein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - David B Lombard
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 708 Biomedical Research Building, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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27
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Smad-dependent pathways in the infarcted and failing heart. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 64:102207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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28
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González A, Richards AM, de Boer RA, Thum T, Arfsten H, Hülsmann M, Falcao-Pires I, Díez J, Foo RSY, Chan MY, Aimo A, Anene-Nzelu CG, Abdelhamid M, Adamopoulos S, Anker SD, Belenkov Y, Ben Gal T, Cohen-Solal A, Böhm M, Chioncel O, Delgado V, Emdin M, Jankowska EA, Gustafsson F, Hill L, Jaarsma T, Januzzi JL, Jhund PS, Lopatin Y, Lund LH, Metra M, Milicic D, Moura B, Mueller C, Mullens W, Núñez J, Piepoli MF, Rakisheva A, Ristić AD, Rossignol P, Savarese G, Tocchetti CG, Van Linthout S, Volterrani M, Seferovic P, Rosano G, Coats AJS, Bayés-Genís A. Cardiac remodelling - Part 1: From cells and tissues to circulating biomarkers. A review from the Study Group on Biomarkers of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail 2022; 24:927-943. [PMID: 35334137 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodelling refers to changes in left ventricular structure and function over time, with a progressive deterioration that may lead to heart failure (HF) development (adverse remodelling) or vice versa a recovery (reverse remodelling) in response to HF treatment. Adverse remodelling predicts a worse outcome, whilst reverse remodelling predicts a better prognosis. The geometry, systolic and diastolic function and electric activity of the left ventricle are affected, as well as the left atrium and on the long term even right heart chambers. At a cellular and molecular level, remodelling involves all components of cardiac tissue: cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and leucocytes. The molecular, cellular and histological signatures of remodelling may differ according to the cause and severity of cardiac damage, and clearly to the global trend toward worsening or recovery. These processes cannot be routinely evaluated through endomyocardial biopsies, but may be reflected by circulating levels of several biomarkers. Different classes of biomarkers (e.g. proteins, non-coding RNAs, metabolites and/or epigenetic modifications) and several biomarkers of each class might inform on some aspects on HF development, progression and long-term outcomes, but most have failed to enter clinical practice. This may be due to the biological complexity of remodelling, so that no single biomarker could provide great insight on remodelling when assessed alone. Another possible reason is a still incomplete understanding of the role of biomarkers in the pathophysiology of cardiac remodelling. Such role will be investigated in the first part of this review paper on biomarkers of cardiac remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantxa González
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, and IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Mark Richards
- Department of medicine, Yong Loo-Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS) and Rebirth Center for Translational Regenerative Therapies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Henrike Arfsten
- Clinical Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Hülsmann
- Clinical Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Inês Falcao-Pires
- Department od Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Javier Díez
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, and IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Departments of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, and Nephrology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Roger S Y Foo
- Department of medicine, Yong Loo-Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark Y Chan
- Department of medicine, Yong Loo-Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alberto Aimo
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chukwuemeka G Anene-Nzelu
- Department of medicine, Yong Loo-Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Stamatis Adamopoulos
- 2nd Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology (CVK), and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Tuvia Ben Gal
- Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson, Israel
| | | | - Michael Böhm
- Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Ovidiu Chioncel
- Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases 'Prof. C.C. Iliescu' Bucharest, University of Medicine Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Victoria Delgado
- Institut del Cor, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michele Emdin
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ewa A Jankowska
- Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Finn Gustafsson
- Rigshospitalet-Copenhagen University Hospital, Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - James L Januzzi
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pardeep S Jhund
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Yuri Lopatin
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - Lars H Lund
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marco Metra
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili; Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Davor Milicic
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Brenda Moura
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cardiology Department, Porto Armed Forces Hospital, Portugal
| | | | | | - Julio Núñez
- CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Massimo F Piepoli
- Cardiology Division, Castelsangiovanni Hospital, Castelsangiovanni, Italy
| | - Amina Rakisheva
- Scientific Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Arsen D Ristić
- Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Patrick Rossignol
- Université de Lorraine, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques- Plurithématique 1433, and Inserm U1116, CHRU Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy, France
| | - Gianluigi Savarese
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carlo G Tocchetti
- Cardio-Oncology Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), Interdepartmental Center of Clinical and Translational Sciences (CIRCET), Interdepartmental Hypertension Research Center (CIRIAPA), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Sophie Van Linthout
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Petar Seferovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Giuseppe Rosano
- St. George's Hospitals, NHS Trust, University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Antoni Bayés-Genís
- CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Institut del Cor, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Baik JE, Park HJ, Kataru RP, Savetsky IL, Ly CL, Shin J, Encarnacion EM, Cavali MR, Klang MG, Riedel E, Coriddi M, Dayan JH, Mehrara BJ. TGF-β1 mediates pathologic changes of secondary lymphedema by promoting fibrosis and inflammation. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e758. [PMID: 35652284 PMCID: PMC9160979 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Secondary lymphedema is a common complication of cancer treatment, and previous studies have shown that the expression of transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1), a pro‐fibrotic and anti‐lymphangiogenic growth factor, is increased in this disease. Inhibition of TGF‐β1 decreases the severity of the disease in mouse models; however, the mechanisms that regulate this improvement remain unknown. Methods Expression of TGF‐β1 and extracellular matrix molecules (ECM) was assessed in biopsy specimens from patients with unilateral breast cancer‐related lymphedema (BCRL). The effects of TGF‐β1 inhibition using neutralizing antibodies or a topical formulation of pirfenidone (PFD) were analyzed in mouse models of lymphedema. We also assessed the direct effects of TGF‐β1 on lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) using transgenic mice that expressed a dominant‐negative TGF‐β receptor selectively on LECs (LECDN‐RII). Results The expression of TGF‐β1 and ECM molecules is significantly increased in BCRL skin biopsies. Inhibition of TGF‐β1 in mouse models of lymphedema using neutralizing antibodies or with topical PFD decreased ECM deposition, increased the formation of collateral lymphatics, and inhibited infiltration of T cells. In vitro studies showed that TGF‐β1 in lymphedematous tissues increases fibroblast, lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC), and lymphatic smooth muscle cell stiffness. Knockdown of TGF‐β1 responsiveness in LECDN‐RII resulted in increased lymphangiogenesis and collateral lymphatic formation; however, ECM deposition and fibrosis persisted, and the severity of lymphedema was indistinguishable from controls. Conclusions Our results show that TGF‐β1 is an essential regulator of ECM deposition in secondary lymphedema and that inhibition of this response is a promising means of treating lymphedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Baik
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Hyeung Ju Park
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Raghu P Kataru
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ira L Savetsky
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Catherine L Ly
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jinyeon Shin
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Elizabeth M Encarnacion
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michele R Cavali
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mark G Klang
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Elyn Riedel
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michelle Coriddi
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Joseph H Dayan
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Babak J Mehrara
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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30
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Hu H, Ma J, Li Z, Ding Z, Chen W, Peng Y, Tao Z, Chen L, Luo M, Wang C, Wang X, Li J, Zhong M. CyPA interacts with SERPINH1 to promote extracellular matrix production and inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition of trophoblast via enhancing TGF-β/Smad3 pathway in preeclampsia. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 548:111614. [PMID: 35304192 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that cyclophilin A (CyPA) production is upregulated in preeclampsia (PE). Moreover, CyPA is known to induce PE-like features in pregnant mice and impair trophoblast invasiveness. In this study, we further illustrated the role of CyPA in PE. RNA-seq analysis, RT-qPCR, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, and western blotting of mouse placentae revealed that CyPA increased the levels of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, such as collagen I and fibronectin, and activated the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway. Additionally, CyPA inhibited the expression of genes involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) (e.g., E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin) in mouse placentae. We then constructed stable overexpressing and knock-down CyPA cell models (using HTR8/SVneo cells) to clarify the molecular mechanism. We found that CyPA regulated the levels of ECM-related proteins and the EMT process through the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway. We also identified SERPINH1 as a putative CyPA-binding protein, using liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS. SERPINH1 was found to be upregulated in the placentae of PE. Silencing SERPINH1 expression reversed the upregulation of ECM proteins and inhibition of the EMT process induced by the overexpression of CyPA. These findings revealed the functions of CyPA in the impaired invasiveness of trophoblasts in PE and indicated that CyPA and SERPINH1 may represent promising targets for the treatment of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiju Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziling Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqian Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - You Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zixin Tao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manling Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chichiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Mei Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Schimmel K, Ichimura K, Reddy S, Haddad F, Spiekerkoetter E. Cardiac Fibrosis in the Pressure Overloaded Left and Right Ventricle as a Therapeutic Target. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:886553. [PMID: 35600469 PMCID: PMC9120363 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.886553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is a remodeling process of the extracellular matrix (ECM) following cardiac stress. "Replacement fibrosis" is a term used to describe wound healing in the acute phase of an injury, such as myocardial infarction. In striking contrast, ECM remodeling following chronic pressure overload insidiously develops over time as "reactive fibrosis" leading to diffuse interstitial and perivascular collagen deposition that continuously perturbs the function of the left (L) or the right ventricle (RV). Examples for pressure-overload conditions resulting in reactive fibrosis in the LV are systemic hypertension or aortic stenosis, whereas pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) or congenital heart disease with right sided obstructive lesions such as pulmonary stenosis result in RV reactive fibrosis. In-depth phenotyping of cardiac fibrosis has made it increasingly clear that both forms, replacement and reactive fibrosis co-exist in various etiologies of heart failure. While the role of fibrosis in the pathogenesis of RV heart failure needs further assessment, reactive fibrosis in the LV is a pathological hallmark of adverse cardiac remodeling that is correlated with or potentially might even drive both development and progression of heart failure (HF). Further, LV reactive fibrosis predicts adverse outcome in various myocardial diseases and contributes to arrhythmias. The ability to effectively block pathological ECM remodeling of the LV is therefore an important medical need. At a cellular level, the cardiac fibroblast takes center stage in reactive fibrotic remodeling of the heart. Activation and proliferation of endogenous fibroblast populations are the major source of synthesis, secretion, and deposition of collagens in response to a variety of stimuli. Enzymes residing in the ECM are responsible for collagen maturation and cross-linking. Highly cross-linked type I collagen stiffens the ventricles and predominates over more elastic type III collagen in pressure-overloaded conditions. Research has attempted to identify pro-fibrotic drivers causing fibrotic remodeling. Single key factors such as Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ) have been described and subsequently targeted to test their usefulness in inhibiting fibrosis in cultured fibroblasts of the ventricles, and in animal models of cardiac fibrosis. More recently, modulation of phenotypic behaviors like inhibition of proliferating fibroblasts has emerged as a strategy to reduce pathogenic cardiac fibroblast numbers in the heart. Some studies targeting LV reactive fibrosis as outlined above have successfully led to improvements of cardiac structure and function in relevant animal models. For the RV, fibrosis research is needed to better understand the evolution and roles of fibrosis in RV failure. RV fibrosis is seen as an integral part of RV remodeling and presents at varying degrees in patients with PAH and animal models replicating the disease of RV afterload. The extent to which ECM remodeling impacts RV function and thus patient survival is less clear. In this review, we describe differences as well as common characteristics and key players in ECM remodeling of the LV vs. the RV in response to pressure overload. We review pre-clinical studies assessing the effect of anti-fibrotic drug candidates on LV and RV function and their premise for clinical testing. Finally, we discuss the mode of action, safety and efficacy of anti-fibrotic drugs currently tested for the treatment of left HF in clinical trials, which might guide development of new approaches to target right heart failure. We touch upon important considerations and knowledge gaps to be addressed for future clinical testing of anti-fibrotic cardiac therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schimmel
- Division Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kenzo Ichimura
- Division Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sushma Reddy
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States,Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Francois Haddad
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States,Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Edda Spiekerkoetter
- Division Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Edda Spiekerkoetter,
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Signaling cascades in the failing heart and emerging therapeutic strategies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:134. [PMID: 35461308 PMCID: PMC9035186 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure is the end stage of cardiac diseases. With a high prevalence and a high mortality rate worldwide, chronic heart failure is one of the heaviest health-related burdens. In addition to the standard neurohormonal blockade therapy, several medications have been developed for chronic heart failure treatment, but the population-wide improvement in chronic heart failure prognosis over time has been modest, and novel therapies are still needed. Mechanistic discovery and technical innovation are powerful driving forces for therapeutic development. On the one hand, the past decades have witnessed great progress in understanding the mechanism of chronic heart failure. It is now known that chronic heart failure is not only a matter involving cardiomyocytes. Instead, chronic heart failure involves numerous signaling pathways in noncardiomyocytes, including fibroblasts, immune cells, vascular cells, and lymphatic endothelial cells, and crosstalk among these cells. The complex regulatory network includes protein-protein, protein-RNA, and RNA-RNA interactions. These achievements in mechanistic studies provide novel insights for future therapeutic targets. On the other hand, with the development of modern biological techniques, targeting a protein pharmacologically is no longer the sole option for treating chronic heart failure. Gene therapy can directly manipulate the expression level of genes; gene editing techniques provide hope for curing hereditary cardiomyopathy; cell therapy aims to replace dysfunctional cardiomyocytes; and xenotransplantation may solve the problem of donor heart shortages. In this paper, we reviewed these two aspects in the field of failing heart signaling cascades and emerging therapeutic strategies based on modern biological techniques.
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A New Hypothetical Concept in Metabolic Understanding of Cardiac Fibrosis: Glycolysis Combined with TGF-β and KLF5 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084302. [PMID: 35457114 PMCID: PMC9027193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of fibrosis in cardiac tissues is one of the leading causes of heart failure. The principal cellular effectors in cardiac fibrosis are activated fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, which serve as the primary source of matrix proteins. TGF-β signaling pathways play a prominent role in cardiac fibrosis. The control of TGF-β by KLF5 in cardiac fibrosis has been demonstrated for modulating cardiovascular remodeling. Since the expression of KLF5 is reduced, the accumulation of fibrosis diminishes. Because the molecular mechanism of fibrosis is still being explored, there are currently few options for effectively reducing or reversing it. Studying metabolic alterations is considered an essential process that supports the explanation of fibrosis in a variety of organs and especially the glycolysis alteration in the heart. However, the interplay among the main factors involved in fibrosis pathogenesis, namely TGF-β, KLF5, and the metabolic process in glycolysis, is still indistinct. In this review, we explain what we know about cardiac fibroblasts and how they could help with heart repair. Moreover, we hypothesize and summarize the knowledge trend on the molecular mechanism of TGF-β, KLF5, the role of the glycolysis pathway in fibrosis, and present the future therapy of cardiac fibrosis. These studies may target therapies that could become important strategies for fibrosis reduction in the future.
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34
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Shi X, Chen X, Qiu X, Luo W, Luo X, Liu H, Geng Q, Ma H, Xue L, Guo L. Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training, Moderate Continuous Training, or Guideline-Based Physical Activity on Peak Oxygen Uptake and Myocardial Fibrosis in Patients With Myocardial Infarction: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:860071. [PMID: 35479268 PMCID: PMC9035926 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.860071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an emerging method of cardiac rehabilitation, which is more and more popular in recent years. Research into the effect of HIIT on peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) and myocardial fibrosis among patients with myocardial infarction (MI) is lacking. Here, we describe the rationale along with the protocol for a clinical trial to test the following hypotheses: (1) compared with the control group, VO2 peak will be increased in both the moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and HIIT groups and (2) compared with the control group, myocardial fibrosis due to MI will be improved by HIIT and MICT. Methods and Analysis This is a single-center, randomized controlled clinical trial. In total, 180 patients with MI are to be recruited for this study. VO2 peak will be tested by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and myocardial fibrosis will be evaluated by cardiac MR. A variety of blood and psychometric tests and also the peripheral arterial tonometry, reactive hyperemia index for microvascular endothelial function, and microvascular blockage or digital vasomotor response are included. Ethics and Dissemination The ethics committee of the Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital has authorized this mechanistic clinical research. Peer-reviewed articles and conference presentations will be used to disseminate the findings. Trial Registration Number NCT04863677.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohe Shi
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianyuan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinfan Qiu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Luo
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingshan Geng
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Ma
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Huan Ma
| | - Ling Xue
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Ling Xue
| | - Lan Guo
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Lan Guo
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35
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Humeres C, Shinde AV, Hanna A, Alex L, Hernández SC, Li R, Chen B, Conway SJ, Frangogiannis NG. Smad7 effects on TGF-β and ErbB2 restrain myofibroblast activation and protect from postinfarction heart failure. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:146926. [PMID: 34905511 PMCID: PMC8803336 DOI: 10.1172/jci146926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Repair of the infarcted heart requires TGF-β/Smad3 signaling in cardiac myofibroblasts. However, TGF-β-driven myofibroblast activation needs to be tightly regulated in order to prevent excessive fibrosis and adverse remodeling that may precipitate heart failure. We hypothesized that induction of the inhibitory Smad, Smad7, may restrain infarct myofibroblast activation, and we examined the molecular mechanisms of Smad7 actions. In a mouse model of nonreperfused infarction, Smad3 activation triggered Smad7 synthesis in α-SMA+ infarct myofibroblasts, but not in α-SMA-PDGFRα+ fibroblasts. Myofibroblast-specific Smad7 loss increased heart failure-related mortality, worsened dysfunction, and accentuated fibrosis in the infarct border zone and in the papillary muscles. Smad7 attenuated myofibroblast activation and reduced synthesis of structural and matricellular extracellular matrix proteins. Smad7 effects on TGF-β cascades involved deactivation of Smad2/3 and non-Smad pathways, without any effects on TGF-β receptor activity. Unbiased transcriptomic and proteomic analysis identified receptor tyrosine kinase signaling as a major target of Smad7. Smad7 interacted with ErbB2 in a TGF-β-independent manner and restrained ErbB1/ErbB2 activation, suppressing fibroblast expression of fibrogenic proteases, integrins, and CD44. Smad7 induction in myofibroblasts serves as an endogenous TGF-β-induced negative feedback mechanism that inhibits postinfarction fibrosis by restraining Smad-dependent and Smad-independent TGF-β responses, and by suppressing TGF-β-independent fibrogenic actions of ErbB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Humeres
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Arti V. Shinde
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Anis Hanna
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Linda Alex
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Silvia C. Hernández
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Ruoshui Li
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Bijun Chen
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Simon J. Conway
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Nikolaos G. Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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36
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Theall B, Alcaide P. The heart under pressure: immune cells in fibrotic remodeling. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 25:100484. [PMID: 35224321 PMCID: PMC8881013 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2022.100484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The complex syndrome of heart failure (HF) is characterized by increased left ventricular pressures. Cardiomyocytes increase in size, cardiac fibroblasts transform and make extracellular matrix, and leukocytes infiltrate the cardiac tissue and alter cardiomyocyte and cardiac fibroblast function. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of the cellular composition of the heart during homeostasis and in response to cardiac pressure overload, with an emphasis on immune cell communication with cardiac fibroblasts and its consequences in cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Theall
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA,Immunology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Pilar Alcaide
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA,Immunology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) isoforms are upregulated and activated in myocardial diseases and have an important role in cardiac repair and remodelling, regulating the phenotype and function of cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, immune cells and vascular cells. Cardiac injury triggers the generation of bioactive TGFβ from latent stores, through mechanisms involving proteases, integrins and specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Activated TGFβ signals through the SMAD intracellular effectors or through non-SMAD cascades. In the infarcted heart, the anti-inflammatory and fibroblast-activating actions of TGFβ have an important role in repair; however, excessive or prolonged TGFβ signalling accentuates adverse remodelling, contributing to cardiac dysfunction. Cardiac pressure overload also activates TGFβ cascades, which initially can have a protective role, promoting an ECM-preserving phenotype in fibroblasts and preventing the generation of injurious, pro-inflammatory ECM fragments. However, prolonged and overactive TGFβ signalling in pressure-overloaded cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts can promote cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction. In the atria, TGFβ-mediated fibrosis can contribute to the pathogenic substrate for atrial fibrillation. Overactive or dysregulated TGFβ responses have also been implicated in cardiac ageing and in the pathogenesis of diabetic, genetic and inflammatory cardiomyopathies. This Review summarizes the current evidence on the role of TGFβ signalling in myocardial diseases, focusing on cellular targets and molecular mechanisms, and discussing challenges and opportunities for therapeutic translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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38
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Liu X, Liu L, Zhao J, Wang H, Li Y. Mechanotransduction regulates inflammation responses of epicardial adipocytes in cardiovascular diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1080383. [PMID: 36589802 PMCID: PMC9800500 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1080383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a crucial regulator in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis by secreting various bioactive products to mediate the physiological function of the cardiovascular system. Accumulating evidence shows that adipose tissue disorders contribute to several kinds of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Furthermore, the adipose tissue would present various biological effects depending on its tissue localization and metabolic statuses, deciding the individual cardiometabolic risk. Crosstalk between adipose and myocardial tissue is involved in the pathophysiological process of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), cardiac fibrosis, heart failure, and myocardial infarction/atherosclerosis. The abnormal distribution of adipose tissue in the heart might yield direct and/or indirect effects on cardiac function. Moreover, mechanical transduction is critical for adipocytes in differentiation, proliferation, functional maturity, and homeostasis maintenance. Therefore, understanding the features of mechanotransduction pathways in the cellular ontogeny of adipose tissue is vital for underlining the development of adipocytes involved in cardiovascular disorders, which would preliminarily contribute positive implications on a novel therapeutic invention for cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we aim to clarify the role of mechanical stress in cardiac adipocyte homeostasis and its interplay with maintaining cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junfei Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Yifei Li, ; Junfei Zhao, ; Hua Wang,
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yifei Li, ; Junfei Zhao, ; Hua Wang,
| | - Yifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yifei Li, ; Junfei Zhao, ; Hua Wang,
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39
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Dhanya R. Quercetin for managing type 2 diabetes and its complications, an insight into multitarget therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112560. [PMID: 34953390 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quercetin, a bioflavonoid abundant in grapefruit, onion, berries, etc., has vast therapeutic potential, especially against Type 2 diabetes and its complications. Quercetin showed similar effects as that of metformin, (widely prescribed antidiabetic drug) in cell lines models (Sajan et al., 2010; Dhanya et al., 2017). In vivo findings also showcase it as a promising agent against diabetes and its pathophysiological complications. SCOPE AND APPROACH Quercetin can be produced on a large scale through a novel fermentation-based glycosylation strategy from cheap substrates and can be utilized as a dietary supplement. The review focuses on the mounting evidence pointing to Quercetin as a promising candidate for managing type 2 diabetes and its oxidative stress mediated pathophysiological complications. CONCLUSION Quercetin acts on multiple targets of diabetes and regulates key signalling pathways which improve the symptoms as well as the complications of Type 2 diabetes. However further studies are needed to improve the bioavailability and to establish a dosing regimen for Quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dhanya
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thycaud Post, Poojappura, Trivandrum 695014, Kerala, India.
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40
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Xu SS, Ding JF, Shi P, Shi KH, Tao H. DNMT1-Induced miR-152-3p Suppression Facilitates Cardiac Fibroblast Activation in Cardiac Fibrosis. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2021; 21:984-999. [PMID: 34424481 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09690-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Novel insights into epigenetic control of cardiac fibrosis are now emerging. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) activation into myofibroblasts and the production of extracellular matrix (ECM) is the key to cardiac fibrosis development, but the specific mechanism is not fully understood. In the present study, we found that DNMT1 hypermethylation reduces the expression of microRNA-152-3p (miR-152-3p) and promotes Wnt1/β-catenin signaling pathway leading to CFs proliferation and activation. Cardiac fibrosis was produced by ISO, and the ISO was carried out according to the method described. CFs were harvested and cultured from SD neonatal rats and stimulated with TGF-β1. Importantly, DNMT1 resulted in the inhibition of miR-152-3p in activated CFs and both DNMT1 and miR-152-3p altered Wnt/β-catenin downstream protein levels. Over expression of DNMT1 and miR-152-3p inhibitors promotes proliferation of activating CFs. In addition, decreased methylation levels and over expression of miR-152-3p inhibited CFs proliferation. We determined that DNMT1 can methylate to miR-152-3p and demonstrated that expression of miR-152-3p inhibits CFs proliferation by inhibiting the Wnt1/β-catenin pathway. Our results stand out together DNMT1 methylation regulates miR-152-3p to slow the progression of cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting the Wnt1/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Song Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Ji-Fei Ding
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Peng Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Kai-Hu Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China.
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
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41
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Nicin L, Wagner JUG, Luxán G, Dimmeler S. Fibroblast-mediated intercellular crosstalk in the healthy and diseased heart. FEBS Lett 2021; 596:638-654. [PMID: 34787896 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts constitute a major cell population in the heart. They secrete extracellular matrix components and various other factors shaping the microenvironment of the heart. In silico analysis of intercellular communication based on single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that fibroblasts are the source of the majority of outgoing signals to other cell types. This observation suggests that fibroblasts play key roles in orchestrating cellular interactions that maintain organ homeostasis but that can also contribute to disease states. Here, we will review the current knowledge of fibroblast interactions in the healthy, diseased, and aging heart. We focus on the interactions that fibroblasts establish with other cells of the heart, specifically cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells and immune cells, and particularly those relying on paracrine, electrical, and exosomal communication modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Nicin
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julian U G Wagner
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Guillermo Luxán
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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42
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FAK Inhibition Attenuates Corneal Fibroblast Differentiation In Vitro. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11111682. [PMID: 34827680 PMCID: PMC8616004 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal fibrosis (or scarring) occurs in response to ocular trauma or infection, and by reducing corneal transparency, it can lead to visual impairment and blindness. Studies highlight important roles for transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and -β3 as modulators in corneal wound healing and fibrosis, leading to increased extracellular matrix (ECM) components and expression of α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), a myofibroblast marker. In this study, human corneal fibroblasts (hCF) were cultured as a monolayer culture (2D) or on poly-transwell membranes to generate corneal stromal constructs (3D) that were treated with TGF-β1, TGF-β3, or TGF-β1 + FAK inhibitor (FAKi). Results show that hCF 3D constructs treated with TGF-β1 or TGF-β3 impart distinct effects on genes involved in wound healing and fibrosis—ITGAV, ITGB1, SRC and ACTA2. Notably, in the 3D construct model, TGF-β1 enhanced αSMA and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) protein expression, whereas TGF-β3 did not. In addition, in both the hCF 2D cell and 3D construct models, we found that TGF-β1 + FAKi attenuated TGF-β1-mediated myofibroblast differentiation, as shown by abrogated αSMA expression. This study concludes that FAK signaling is important for the onset of TGF-β1-mediated myofibroblast differentiation, and FAK inhibition may provide a novel beneficial therapeutic avenue to reduce corneal scarring.
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Zhang QJ, He Y, Li Y, Shen H, Lin L, Zhu M, Wang Z, Luo X, Hill JA, Cao D, Luo RL, Zou R, McAnally J, Liao J, Bajona P, Zang QS, Yu Y, Liu ZP. Matricellular Protein Cilp1 Promotes Myocardial Fibrosis in Response to Myocardial Infarction. Circ Res 2021; 129:1021-1035. [PMID: 34610755 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Jun Zhang
- Internal Medicine-Cardiology Division (Q.-J.Z., M.Z., X.L., J.A.H., D.C., R.L.L., R.Z., Z.-P.L.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Yu He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated hospital of Guangxi Medical University, China (Y.H.)
| | - Yongnan Li
- The Sixth General Surgery, Biliary & Vascular surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China (Y.L.)
| | - Huali Shen
- Institutes of Biochemical Science, Fudan University, China (H.S., L.L.)
| | - Ling Lin
- Institutes of Biochemical Science, Fudan University, China (H.S., L.L.)
| | - Min Zhu
- Internal Medicine-Cardiology Division (Q.-J.Z., M.Z., X.L., J.A.H., D.C., R.L.L., R.Z., Z.-P.L.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Zhaoning Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology (Z.W., J.A.H., J.M., Z.-P.L.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Xiang Luo
- Internal Medicine-Cardiology Division (Q.-J.Z., M.Z., X.L., J.A.H., D.C., R.L.L., R.Z., Z.-P.L.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Internal Medicine-Cardiology Division (Q.-J.Z., M.Z., X.L., J.A.H., D.C., R.L.L., R.Z., Z.-P.L.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.,Department of Molecular Biology (Z.W., J.A.H., J.M., Z.-P.L.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Dian Cao
- Internal Medicine-Cardiology Division (Q.-J.Z., M.Z., X.L., J.A.H., D.C., R.L.L., R.Z., Z.-P.L.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Richard L Luo
- Internal Medicine-Cardiology Division (Q.-J.Z., M.Z., X.L., J.A.H., D.C., R.L.L., R.Z., Z.-P.L.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Raymond Zou
- Internal Medicine-Cardiology Division (Q.-J.Z., M.Z., X.L., J.A.H., D.C., R.L.L., R.Z., Z.-P.L.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - John McAnally
- Department of Molecular Biology (Z.W., J.A.H., J.M., Z.-P.L.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jun Liao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington (J.L.)
| | - Pietro Bajona
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery (P.B.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.,Allegheny Health Network-Drexel University College of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA (P.B.)
| | - Qun S Zang
- Department of Surgery, Stritch School of Medicine, Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University, Maywood, IL (Q.S.Z.)
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Department of Biochemistry (Y.Y.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Zhi-Ping Liu
- Internal Medicine-Cardiology Division (Q.-J.Z., M.Z., X.L., J.A.H., D.C., R.L.L., R.Z., Z.-P.L.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.,Department of Molecular Biology (Z.W., J.A.H., J.M., Z.-P.L.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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44
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Umbarkar P, Ejantkar S, Tousif S, Lal H. Mechanisms of Fibroblast Activation and Myocardial Fibrosis: Lessons Learned from FB-Specific Conditional Mouse Models. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092412. [PMID: 34572061 PMCID: PMC8471002 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality across the world. Cardiac fibrosis is associated with HF progression. Fibrosis is characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components. This is a physiological response to tissue injury. However, uncontrolled fibrosis leads to adverse cardiac remodeling and contributes significantly to cardiac dysfunction. Fibroblasts (FBs) are the primary drivers of myocardial fibrosis. However, until recently, FBs were thought to play a secondary role in cardiac pathophysiology. This review article will present the evolving story of fibroblast biology and fibrosis in cardiac diseases, emphasizing their recent shift from a supporting to a leading role in our understanding of the pathogenesis of cardiac diseases. Indeed, this story only became possible because of the emergence of FB-specific mouse models. This study includes an update on the advancements in the generation of FB-specific mouse models. Regarding the underlying mechanisms of myocardial fibrosis, we will focus on the pathways that have been validated using FB-specific, in vivo mouse models. These pathways include the TGF-β/SMAD3, p38 MAPK, Wnt/β-Catenin, G-protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK), and Hippo signaling. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying fibroblast activation and fibrosis may provide a novel therapeutic target for the management of adverse fibrotic remodeling in the diseased heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Umbarkar
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- Correspondence: (P.U.); (H.L.); Tel.: +1-205-996-4248 (P.U.); +1-205-996-4219 (H.L.); Fax: +1-205-975-5104 (H.L.)
| | - Suma Ejantkar
- School of Health Professions, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Sultan Tousif
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Hind Lal
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- Correspondence: (P.U.); (H.L.); Tel.: +1-205-996-4248 (P.U.); +1-205-996-4219 (H.L.); Fax: +1-205-975-5104 (H.L.)
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45
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Du K, Wang M, Zhang N, Yu P, Wang P, Li Y, Wang X, Zhang L, Bachert C. Involvement of the extracellular matrix proteins periostin and tenascin C in nasal polyp remodeling by regulating the expression of MMPs. Clin Transl Allergy 2021; 11:e12059. [PMID: 34504680 PMCID: PMC8420995 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue remodeling caused by increased MMPs is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). We previously found higher levels of periostin and tenascin C in CRSwNPs, but whether they are associated with the dysregulation of MMPs is unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the regulatory roles of these two ECM proteins in the expression of MMPs in nasal polyps. Methods The concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-12, MMP-13, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, TIMP-3, TIMP-4, periostin, and tenascin C in tissue homogenates of 51 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps and 15 control subjects were measured and were analyzed by adjusted logistic regression and spearman correlation test. Primary human nasal polyp fibroblasts and epithelial cells were stimulated ex vivo with periostin and tenascin C and the gene expression of MMPs and TIMPs was determined by means of real-time PCR. Results The protein levels of MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, periostin, and tenascin C were significantly higher in patients with CRSwNPs than in healthy control subjects. The adjusted logistic regression analyses showed that MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-9, TIMP-2, periostin, and tenascin C were related to the occurrence of CRSwNP. Spearman correlation test showed periostin was positively correlated with MMP-3 and TIMP-2, and tenascin C was positively correlated with MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-9, and TIMP-2. Periostin stimulated the gene expression of MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-8, and MMP-9 in fibroblasts and MMP-9 in epithelial cells ex vivo. Tenascin C stimulated the expression of MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-8, and MMP-9 in epithelial cells. The expression of TIMPs in fibroblasts and epithelial cells was affected by neither periostin nor tenascin C. Conclusions Periostin and tenascin C might be involved in the remodeling of nasal polyps by regulating the expression of different MMPs in epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Our findings have the potential to identify key factors of tissue remodeling in CRSwNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Du
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China.,Beijing Key laboratory of Nasal Diseases Beijing Institute of Otorhinolaryngology Beijing China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Upper Airways Research Laboratory Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium
| | - Pei Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China.,Beijing Key laboratory of Nasal Diseases Beijing Institute of Otorhinolaryngology Beijing China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China.,Beijing Key laboratory of Nasal Diseases Beijing Institute of Otorhinolaryngology Beijing China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China.,Beijing Key laboratory of Nasal Diseases Beijing Institute of Otorhinolaryngology Beijing China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China.,Beijing Key laboratory of Nasal Diseases Beijing Institute of Otorhinolaryngology Beijing China
| | - Claus Bachert
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Upper Airways Research Laboratory Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology Division of ENT Diseases Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
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46
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Tuleta I, Frangogiannis NG. Fibrosis of the diabetic heart: Clinical significance, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic opportunities. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113904. [PMID: 34331987 PMCID: PMC8444077 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In patients with diabetes, myocardial fibrosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of heart failure and arrhythmogenesis, increasing ventricular stiffness and delaying conduction. Diabetic myocardial fibrosis involves effects of hyperglycemia, lipotoxicity and insulin resistance on cardiac fibroblasts, directly resulting in increased matrix secretion, and activation of paracrine signaling in cardiomyocytes, immune and vascular cells, that release fibroblast-activating mediators. Neurohumoral pathways, cytokines, growth factors, oxidative stress, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), and matricellular proteins have been implicated in diabetic fibrosis; however, the molecular links between the metabolic perturbations and activation of a fibrogenic program remain poorly understood. Although existing therapies using glucose- and lipid-lowering agents and neurohumoral inhibition may act in part by attenuating myocardial collagen deposition, specific therapies targeting the fibrotic response are lacking. This review manuscript discusses the clinical significance, molecular mechanisms and cell biology of diabetic cardiac fibrosis and proposes therapeutic targets that may attenuate the fibrotic response, preventing heart failure progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Tuleta
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA.
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47
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGF-β2) is recognized as a versatile cytokine that plays a vital role in regulation of joint development, homeostasis, and diseases, but its role as a biological mechanism is understood far less than that of its counterpart, TGF-β1. Cartilage as a load-resisting structure in vertebrates however displays a fragile performance when any tissue disturbance occurs, due to its lack of blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics. Recent reports have indicated that TGF-β2 is involved in the physiological processes of chondrocytes such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis, and the pathological progress of cartilage such as osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). TGF-β2 also shows its potent capacity in the repair of cartilage defects by recruiting autologous mesenchymal stem cells and promoting secretion of other growth factor clusters. In addition, some pioneering studies have already considered it as a potential target in the treatment of OA and RA. This article aims to summarize the current progress of TGF-β2 in cartilage development and diseases, which might provide new cues for remodelling of cartilage defect and intervention of cartilage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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48
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Pan Y, Shao C, Zhang L, He Y, Yang J, Fu W, Yang J, Wan H. The effect of Guanxin Shutong capsule on alleviating the myocardial fibrosis in heart failure rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 275:114169. [PMID: 33932513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Guanxin Shutong (GXST) capsule is a renowned traditional Chinese medicine widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the clinic. However, no pharmacological experimental studies of GXST has been reported on the treatment of pressure overload-induced heart failure. This study aimed to investigate the effects of GXST capsule on ameliorating myocardial fibrosis conditions in pressure overload-induced heart failure rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: Normal group, Model group, GXST-treated group at a dose of 0.5 g/kg, 1 g/kg, 2 g/kg, respectively, and digoxin positive control group at a dose of 1 mg/kg. After 4 weeks of administration, cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. Cardiac injury and fibrotic conditions were evaluated by H&E staining, Masson staining, and Sirius Red staining. Myocardial fibrosis was evaluated by immunohistochemistry staining and Western blot. RESULTS GXST significantly inhibited cardiac fibrosis, reduced the excessive deposition of collagen, and finally improved cardiac function. GXST reversed ventricular remodeling might be through the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway. CONCLUSION GXST capsule demonstrated a strong anti-fibrosis effect in heart failure rats by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Pan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Chongyu Shao
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Ling Zhang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Yu He
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Jintao Yang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Cardiac-Cerebral Diseases, Yinchuan Cardiac-Cerebral Treatment Internet Hospital, Yinchuan, China.
| | - Jiehong Yang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Haitong Wan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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Role of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in cardiac fibrosis. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:4045-4059. [PMID: 34244974 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04219-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is considered as a severe health problem worldwide, while cardiac fibrosis is one of the main driving factors for the progress of HF. Cardiac fibrosis was characterized by changes in cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts, ratio of collagen (COL) I/III, and the excessive production and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), thus forming a scar tissue, which leads to pathological process of cardiac structural changes and systolic as well as diastolic dysfunction. Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathological change of many advanced cardiovascular diseases including ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and HF. Accumulated studies have proven that phosphoinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway is involved in regulating the occurrence, progression and pathological formation of cardiac fibrosis via regulating cell survival, apoptosis, growth, cardiac contractility and even the transcription of related genes through a series of molecules including mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), forkhead box proteins O1/3 (FoxO1/3), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Thus, the review focuses on the role of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the cardiac fibrosis. The information reviewed here should be significant in understanding the role of PI3K/Akt in cardiac fibrosis and contribute to the design of further studies related to PI3K/Akt and the cardiac fibrotic response, as well as sought to shed light on a potential treatment for cardiac fibrosis.
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50
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Liu X, Liu H, Wu Y, He Z, Shen L, Zhang H, Wan Z, Chen Y, Yue H, Zhang T, Gao S, Yu Z. The role of lncRNA Meg3 in the proliferation of all-trans retinoic acid-treated mouse embryonic palate mesenchymal cells involves the Smad pathway. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 104:1-7. [PMID: 34166781 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal cell proliferation is critical for the growth of the palate shelf. All-trans retinoic acid (atRA), as well as pathways associated with TGF-β/Smad signaling, play crucial roles in the proliferation of mouse embryonic palate mesenchymal (MEPM) cells. We have found that MEPM-cell proliferation was regulated by atRA and exogenous TGF-β3 could significantly antagonize the atRA-mediated suppression of MEPM cell proliferation, which is closely associated with the regulation of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) MEG3 has been reported to activate TGF-β/Smad signaling, thereby regulating cellular proliferation, differentiation, and related processes. Here, we found that Meg3 expression increased significantly in atRA-treated MEPM cells while TGF-β3 treatment markedly inhibited Meg3 expression and antagonized the effect of atRA on Meg3. Moreover, Smad2 was found to interact directly with Meg3, and atRA treatment significantly enriched Meg3 in Smad2-immunoprecipitated samples. After Meg3 deletion, the effects of atRA on the proliferation of MEPM cells and TGF-β3-dependent protein expression were lost. Hence, we speculate that Meg3 has a role in the RA-induced suppression of MEPM cell proliferation by targeting Smad2 and thereby mediating TGF-β/Smad signaling inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhuan Liu
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhidong He
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lijun Shen
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhongxiao Wan
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haodi Yue
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Suhua Gao
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zengli Yu
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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