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Chilmonczyk MA, Doron G, Kottke PA, Culberson AL, Leguineche K, Guldberg RE, Horwitz EM, Fedorov AG. Localized Sampling Enables Monitoring of Cell State via Inline Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2000277. [PMID: 32975016 PMCID: PMC7940552 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nascent advanced therapies, including regenerative medicine and cell and gene therapies, rely on the production of cells in bioreactors that are highly heterogeneous in both space and time. Unfortunately, advanced therapies have failed to reach a wide patient population due to unreliable manufacturing processes that result in batch variability and cost prohibitive production. This can be attributed largely to a void in existing process analytical technologies (PATs) capable of characterizing the secreted critical quality attribute (CQA) biomolecules that correlate with the final product quality. The Dynamic Sampling Platform (DSP) is a PAT for cell bioreactor monitoring that can be coupled to a suite of sensor techniques to provide real-time feedback on spatial and temporal CQA content in situ. In this study, DSP is coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and direct-from-culture sampling to obtain measures of CQA content in bulk media and the cell microenvironment throughout the entire cell culture process (≈3 weeks). Post hoc analysis of this real-time data reveals that sampling from the microenvironment enables cell state monitoring (e.g., confluence, differentiation). These results demonstrate that an effective PAT should incorporate both spatial and temporal resolution to serve as an effective input for feedback control in biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason A. Chilmonczyk
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
- NSF Engineering Research Center (ERC) for Cell Manufacturing Technologies (CMaT), Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Gilad Doron
- NSF Engineering Research Center (ERC) for Cell Manufacturing Technologies (CMaT), Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Peter A. Kottke
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
- NSF Engineering Research Center (ERC) for Cell Manufacturing Technologies (CMaT), Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Austin L. Culberson
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
- NSF Engineering Research Center (ERC) for Cell Manufacturing Technologies (CMaT), Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kelly Leguineche
- The Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
| | - Robert E. Guldberg
- NSF Engineering Research Center (ERC) for Cell Manufacturing Technologies (CMaT), Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
- The Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
| | | | - Andrei G. Fedorov
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
- NSF Engineering Research Center (ERC) for Cell Manufacturing Technologies (CMaT), Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
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Carresi C, Scicchitano M, Scarano F, Macrì R, Bosco F, Nucera S, Ruga S, Zito MC, Mollace R, Guarnieri L, Coppoletta AR, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Maiuolo J, Palma E, Mollace V. The Potential Properties of Natural Compounds in Cardiac Stem Cell Activation: Their Role in Myocardial Regeneration. Nutrients 2021; 13:275. [PMID: 33477916 PMCID: PMC7833367 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which include congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and many other cardiac disorders, cause about 30% of deaths globally; representing one of the main health problems worldwide. Among CVDs, ischemic heart diseases (IHDs) are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. The onset of IHDs is essentially due to an unbalance between the metabolic demands of the myocardium and its supply of oxygen and nutrients, coupled with a low regenerative capacity of the heart, which leads to great cardiomyocyte (CM) loss; promoting heart failure (HF) and myocardial infarction (MI). To date, the first strategy recommended to avoid IHDs is prevention in order to reduce the underlying risk factors. In the management of IHDs, traditional therapeutic options are widely used to improve symptoms, attenuate adverse cardiac remodeling, and reduce early mortality rate. However, there are no available treatments that aim to improve cardiac performance by replacing the irreversible damaged cardiomyocytes (CMs). Currently, heart transplantation is the only treatment being carried out for irreversibly damaged CMs. Hence, the discovery of new therapeutic options seems to be necessary. Interestingly, recent experimental evidence suggests that regenerative stem cell medicine could be a useful therapeutic approach to counteract cardiac damage and promote tissue regeneration. To this end, researchers are tasked with answering one main question: how can myocardial regeneration be stimulated? In this regard, natural compounds from plant extracts seem to play a particularly promising role. The present review will summarize the recent advances in our knowledge of stem cell therapy in the management of CVDs; focusing on the main properties and potential mechanisms of natural compounds in stimulating and activating stem cells for myocardial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Chilmonczyk MA, Kottke PA, Stevens HY, Guldberg RE, Fedorov AG. Dynamic mass spectrometry probe for electrospray ionization mass spectrometry monitoring of bioreactors for therapeutic cell manufacturing. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:121-131. [PMID: 30199089 PMCID: PMC6310154 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale manufacturing of therapeutic cells requires bioreactor technologies with online feedback control enabled by monitoring of secreted biomolecular critical quality attributes (CQAs). Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is a highly sensitive label-free method to detect and identify biomolecules, but requires extensive sample preparation before analysis, making online application of ESI-MS challenging. We present a microfabricated, monolithically integrated device capable of continuous sample collection, treatment, and direct infusion for ESI-MS detection of biomolecules in high-salt solutions. The dynamic mass spectrometry probe (DMSP) uses a microfluidic mass exchanger to rapidly condition samples for online MS analysis by removing interfering salts, while concurrently introducing MS signal enhancers to the sample for sensitive biomolecular detection. Exploiting this active conditioning capability increases MS signal intensity and signal-to-noise ratio. As a result, sensitivity for low-concentration biomolecules is significantly improved, and multiple proteins can be detected from chemically complex samples. Thus, the DMSP has significant potential to serve as an enabling portion of a novel analytical tool for discovery and monitoring of CQAs relevant to therapeutic cell manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason A. Chilmonczyk
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Peter A. Kottke
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hazel Y. Stevens
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Robert E. Guldberg
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
- NSF ERC Center for Therapeutic Cell Manufacturing (CMaT), Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Andrei G. Fedorov
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
- NSF ERC Center for Therapeutic Cell Manufacturing (CMaT), Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
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Platelet-Rich Plasma May Offer a New Hope in Suppressed Wound Healing When Compared to Mesenchymal Stem Cells. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7060143. [PMID: 29890683 PMCID: PMC6025374 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7060143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study investigated the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in wound healing suppressed by corticosteroid in rats. METHODS Forty rats were separated into four groups. To disrupt the wound-healing processes, intraperitoneal single dose 10 mg/kg methylprednisolone was administered to all rats with the exception of Sham-S group. Then, full-thickness incision was performed to the abdominal skin of all animals, and PRP or MSCs were applied to the incision line except the Sham-S and Sham-M group animals. Ten days later, all animals were sacrificed to investigate: tissue collagenization, inflammation, and re-epithelialization grades histopathologically; and tissue hydroxyproline (HP), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α levels biochemically. RESULTS Collagenization (p = 0.003) and inflammation grade (p = 0.002) values were higher in PR group. Tissue HP level value was found to be high in MC group (p < 0.001). Tissue IL-1β level value of Sham-M group was lower than those of other groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study revealed that PRP could improve the histopathological grades in wound healing which was suppressed by corticosteroid in rats, while MSCs could show their therapeutic effects via biochemical route. These positive effects were more salient in PR group.
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Kurazumi H, Fujita A, Nakamura T, Suzuki R, Takahashi M, Shirasawa B, Mikamo A, Hamano K. Short- and long-term outcomes of intramyocardial implantation of autologous bone marrow-derived cells for the treatment of ischaemic heart disease. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2017; 24:329-334. [PMID: 28040755 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivw412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Ischaemic heart disease remains a major cause of death in Japan. We have implanted autologous bone marrow-derived cells locally into the ischaemic region as a therapy in addition to coronary artery bypass grafting since 1999. We describe the outcomes of our cell therapy for ischaemic heart disease. Methods Eleven patients underwent local implantation of bone marrow-derived cells into the ischaemic region during coronary artery bypass grafting. Clinical outcomes during the acute and chronic phases were recorded. Results In the acute phase, no adverse effects were observed. Left ventricular ejection fraction values were not significantly different before and after treatment. Seven of the 11 patients showed improved blood perfusion in the area of cell therapy 1 month after treatment. In the chronic phase, 5 of 11 patients exhibited improved regional blood flow 1 year after treatment. Overall survival at 1, 5 and 10 years was 100%, 83.3% and 83.3%, respectively. Freedom from major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events at 1, 5 and 10 years was 100%, 80.8% and 80.8%, respectively. Death from all causes or freedom from major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events at 1, 5 and 10 years was 100%, 64.6% and 64.6%, respectively. Conclusions Local implantation of bone marrow-derived cells in patients with ischaemic heart disease is safe and feasible. Cell therapy is a therapeutic option for otherwise untreatable ischaemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kurazumi
- Department Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Akira Fujita
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tamami Nakamura
- Department Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Department Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masaya Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bungo Shirasawa
- Department Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Akihito Mikamo
- Department Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kimikazu Hamano
- Department Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Goradel NH, Hour FG, Negahdari B, Malekshahi ZV, Hashemzehi M, Masoudifar A, Mirzaei H. Stem Cell Therapy: A New Therapeutic Option for Cardiovascular Diseases. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:95-104. [PMID: 28543595 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are known as one of major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the many advancement in therapies are associated with cardiovascular diseases, it seems that finding of new therapeutic option is necessary. Cell therapy is one of attractive therapeutic platforms for treatment of a variety of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases. Among of various types of cell therapy, stem cell therapy has been emerged as an effective therapeutic approach in this area. Stem cells divided into multipotent stem cells and pluripotent stem cells. A large number studies indicated that utilization of each of them are associated with a variety of advantages and disadvantages. Multiple lines evidence indicated that stem cell therapy could be used as suitable therapeutic approach for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Many clinical trials have been performed for assessing efficiency of stem cell therapies in human. However, stem cell therapy are associated with some challenges, but, it seems resolving of them could contribute to using of them as effective therapeutic approach for patients who suffering from cardiovascular diseases. In the current review, we summarized current therapeutic strategies based on stem cells for cardiovascular diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 95-104, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Hashemi Goradel
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Ghiyami- Hour
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Negahdari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ziba Vaisi Malekshahi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Hashemzehi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Aria Masoudifar
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Arbatlı S, Aslan GS, Kocabaş F. Stem Cells in Regenerative Cardiology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1079:37-53. [PMID: 29064067 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The common prevalence of heart failure and limitations in its treatment are leading cause of attention and interest towards the induction of cardiac regeneration with novel approaches. Recent studies provide growing evidence regarding bona fide cardiac regeneration post genetic manipulations, administration of stimulatory factors and myocardial injuries in animal models and human studies. To this end, stem cells of different sources have been tested to treat heart failure for the development of cellular therapies. Endogenous and exogenous stem cells sources used in regenerative cardiology have provided a proof of concept and applicability of cellular therapies in myocardial improvement. Recent clinical studies, especially, based on the endogenous cardiac progenitor and stem cells highlighted the possibility to regenerate lost cardiomyocytes in the myocardium. This review discusses emerging concepts in cardiac stem cell therapy, their sources and route of administration, and plausibility of de novo cardiomyocyte formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semih Arbatlı
- Regenerative Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Galip Servet Aslan
- Regenerative Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Kocabaş
- Regenerative Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cells Strategy for Cardiovascular Diseases. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:4285938. [PMID: 27829839 PMCID: PMC5088322 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4285938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite development of medicine, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are still the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Over the past 10 years, various stem cells have been utilized in therapeutic strategies for the treatment of CVDs. CVDs are characterized by a broad range of pathological reactions including inflammation, necrosis, hyperplasia, and hypertrophy. However, the causes of CVDs are still unclear. While there is a limit to the currently available target-dependent treatments, the therapeutic potential of stem cells is very attractive for the treatment of CVDs because of their paracrine effects, anti-inflammatory activity, and immunomodulatory capacity. Various studies have recently reported increased therapeutic potential of transplantation of microRNA- (miRNA-) overexpressing stem cells or small-molecule-treated cells. In addition to treatment with drugs or overexpressed miRNA in stem cells, stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles also have therapeutic potential because they can deliver the stem cell-specific RNA and protein into the host cell, thereby improving cell viability. Here, we reported the state of stem cell-based therapy for the treatment of CVDs and the potential for cell-free based therapy.
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Shafiq M, Jung Y, Kim SH. Insight on stem cell preconditioning and instructive biomaterials to enhance cell adhesion, retention, and engraftment for tissue repair. Biomaterials 2016; 90:85-115. [PMID: 27016619 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are a promising solution for the treatment of a variety of diseases. However, the limited survival and engraftment of transplanted cells due to a hostile ischemic environment is a bottleneck for effective utilization and commercialization. Within this environment, the majority of transplanted cells undergo apoptosis prior to participating in lineage differentiation and cellular integration. Therefore, in order to maximize the clinical utility of stem/progenitor cells, strategies must be employed to increase their adhesion, retention, and engraftment in vivo. Here, we reviewed key strategies that are being adopted to enhance the survival, retention, and engraftment of transplanted stem cells through the manipulation of both the stem cells and the surrounding environment. We describe how preconditioning of cells or cell manipulations strategies can enhance stem cell survival and engraftment after transplantation. We also discuss how biomaterials can enhance the function of stem cells for effective tissue regeneration. Biomaterials can incorporate or mimic extracellular function (ECM) function and enhance survival or differentiation of transplanted cells in vivo. Biomaterials can also promote angiogenesis, enhance engraftment and differentiation, and accelerate electromechanical integration of transplanted stem cells. Insight gained from this review may direct the development of future investigations and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shafiq
- Korea University of Science and Technology, 176 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmee Jung
- Korea University of Science and Technology, 176 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- Korea University of Science and Technology, 176 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea; KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
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Quezada W, Make B. Interventional Options for COPD- LVRS, Bronchoscopic Therapies and the Future. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES (MIAMI, FLA.) 2016; 3:446-453. [PMID: 28848865 PMCID: PMC5559125 DOI: 10.15326/jcopdf.3.1.2015.0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article serves as aCME available, enduring material summary of the following COPD9USA presentations: "Lung Volume Reduction Surgery" Presenter: William A. Bulman, MD "Bronchoscopic Approaches to Lung Volume Reduction" Presenter: Frank Sciurba, MD "Stem Cell Therapies for Advanced Emphysema" Presenter: Edward P. Ingenito, MD, PhD "Lung Transplantation for COPD" Presenter: Daniel Dilling, MD, FACP, FCCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Quezada
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Barry Make
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
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Pandey R, Ahmed RPH. MicroRNAs Inducing Proliferation of Quiescent Adult Cardiomyocytes. CARDIOVASCULAR REGENERATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2:e519. [PMID: 26065031 PMCID: PMC4459736 DOI: 10.14800/crm.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In the United States, each year over 700,000 people suffer from a heart attack and over 25% of deaths are related to heart disease, making it the leading cause of death. Following ischemic injury a part of the heart muscle is replaced by a scar tissue, reducing its functioning capacity. Recent advancements in surgical intervention and pharmacotherapy only provide symptomatic relief and do not address the root cause of the problem which is the massive loss of cardiomyocytes (CM). Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic intervention for the repair and regeneration of ischemic myocardium remains an area of intense research. While existing CM in zebra fish and neonatal mice are known to proliferate and replenish the infarcted heart, it has been shown that adult mammalian CM lose this ability, thus preventing regeneration of the scar tissue. There have been many attempts to facilitate regeneration of ischemic heart but have met with limited success. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are one of the promising candidates towards this goal as they are known to play important regulatory roles during differentiation and tissue regeneration, and regulate genetic information by post-transcriptional modification as well as regulation of other miRNAs. While previous work by Eulalio et al., showed miRNAs inducing proliferation in neonatal CM (NCM), we here identify miRNAs inducing proliferation of rat adult-CM (ACM). This commentary while analyses recent work by Eulalio et al[1] also shows some new data with microRNAs in rat adult-CMs. Further work into the mechanism of these miRNAs can determine their therapeutic potential towards regenerating cardiac tissue post ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghav Pandey
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati OH 45267
| | - Rafeeq P. H. Ahmed
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati OH 45267
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati OH 45267
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12
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Almeida SO, Skelton RJ, Adigopula S, Ardehali R. Arrhythmia in stem cell transplantation. Card Electrophysiol Clin 2015; 7:357-70. [PMID: 26002399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell regenerative therapies hold promise for treating diseases across the spectrum of medicine. While significant progress has been made in the preclinical stages, the clinical application of cardiac cell therapy is limited by technical challenges. Certain methods of cell delivery, such as intramyocardial injection, carry a higher rate of arrhythmias. Other potential contributors to the arrhythmogenicity of cell transplantation include reentrant pathways caused by heterogeneity in conduction velocities between graft and host as well as graft automaticity. In this article, the arrhythmogenic potential of cell delivery to the heart is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shone O Almeida
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 100 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 630 East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rhys J Skelton
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 100 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 630 East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Cardiac Development, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Sasikanth Adigopula
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 100 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 630 East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Reza Ardehali
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 100 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 630 East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edyth Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, MRL Room 3780, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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13
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Ikhapoh IA, Pelham CJ, Agrawal DK. Sry-type HMG box 18 contributes to the differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells to endothelial cells. Differentiation 2015; 89:87-96. [PMID: 25913202 PMCID: PMC4479266 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have shown therapeutic potential to engraft and either differentiate into or support differentiation of vascular endothelial cells (EC), smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes in animal models of ischemic heart disease. Following intracoronary or transendocardial delivery of MSCs, however, only a small fraction of cells engraft and the majority of those persist as an immature cell phenotype. The goal of the current study was to decipher the molecular pathways and mechanisms that control MSC differentiation into ECs. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-165) treatment is known to enhance in vitro differentiation of MSCs into ECs. We tested the possible involvement of the Sry-type HMG box (Sox) family of transcription factors in this process. METHOD AND RESULTS MSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of Yucatan microswine and underwent a 10 day differentiation protocol. VEGF-165 (50ng/ml) treatment of MSCs in vitro induced a significant increase in the protein expression of VEGFR-2, Sox9 and Sox18, in addition to the EC markers PECAM-1, VE-cadherin and vWF, as determined by Western blot or flow cytometry. siRNA-mediated knockdown of Sox18, as opposed to Sox9, in MSCs prevented VEGF-165-mediated induction of EC markers and capillary tube formation. Inhibition of VEGFR-2 signaling (SC-202850) reduced Sox18 and reduced VEGF-165-induced differentiation of MSCs to ECs. CONCLUSION Here we demonstrate that VEGF-165 mediates MSC differentiation into ECs via VEGFR-2-dependent induction of Sox18, which ultimately coordinates the transcriptional upregulation of specific markers of the EC phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izuagie Attairu Ikhapoh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Christopher J Pelham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA; Center for Clinical and Translational Science Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA.
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14
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Gu H, Overstreet AMC, Yang Y. Exosomes Biogenesis and Potentials in Disease Diagnosis and Drug Delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793984414410177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes were discovered more than 30 years ago. Only recently has their importance been recognized for intercellular communication. Exosomes, with their size ranging from 30 nm to 100 nm, are lipid bilayer nanoparticles and secreted by many different types of cells with versatile functions. Exosomes contain macromolecules and exist in various body fluids, including blood, urine, milk and ascites fluid. Due to their specific property, exosomes are very promising in the fields of disease diagnosis and therapy. Nanotechnology is a great tool that will be helpful in basic research and the application of exosomes. Here, we briefly review the function and potential use of exosomes in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Gu
- Department of Pharmacology & Cell Biophysics University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Anne-Marie C. Overstreet
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Yongguang Yang
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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15
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Goodman A, Kajantie E, Osmond C, Eriksson J, Koupil I, Thornburg K, Phillips DIW. The relationship between umbilical cord length and chronic rheumatic heart disease: a prospective cohort study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2014; 22:1154-60. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487314544082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Goodman
- Centre for Health Equity Studies, Karolinska Institutet/Stockholm University, Sweden
- Department for Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Eero Kajantie
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Clive Osmond
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, UK
| | - Johan Eriksson
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Vasa Central Hospital, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilona Koupil
- Centre for Health Equity Studies, Karolinska Institutet/Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Kent Thornburg
- Heart Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, USA
| | - David IW Phillips
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, UK
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16
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Zhu YG, Hao Q, Monsel A, Feng XM, Lee JW. Adult stem cells for acute lung injury: remaining questions and concerns. Respirology 2014; 18:744-56. [PMID: 23578018 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. The pathophysiology of ALI involves complex interactions between the inciting event, such as pneumonia, sepsis or aspiration, and the host immune response resulting in lung protein permeability, impaired resolution of pulmonary oedema, an intense inflammatory response in the injured alveolus and hypoxemia. In multiple preclinical studies, adult stem cells have been shown to be therapeutic due to both the ability to mitigate injury and inflammation through paracrine mechanisms and perhaps to regenerate tissue by virtue of their multi-potency. These characteristics have stimulated intensive research efforts to explore the possibility of using stem or progenitor cells for the treatment of lung injury. A variety of stem or progenitor cells have been isolated, characterized and tested experimentally in preclinical animal models of ALI. However, questions remain concerning the optimal dose, route and the adult stem or progenitor cell to use. Here, the current mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of stem cells in ALI as well as the questions that will arise as clinical trials for ALI are planned are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Gang Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Poggioli T, Sarathchandra P, Rosenthal N, Santini MP. Intramyocardial cell delivery: observations in murine hearts. J Vis Exp 2014:e51064. [PMID: 24513973 DOI: 10.3791/51064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that cell delivery promotes cardiac function amelioration by release of cytokines and factors that increase cardiac tissue revascularization and cell survival. In addition, further observations revealed that specific stem cells, such as cardiac stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells and cardiospheres have the ability to integrate within the surrounding myocardium by differentiating into cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. Here, we present the materials and methods to reliably deliver noncontractile cells into the left ventricular wall of immunodepleted mice. The salient steps of this microsurgical procedure involve anesthesia and analgesia injection, intratracheal intubation, incision to open the chest and expose the heart and delivery of cells by a sterile 30-gauge needle and a precision microliter syringe. Tissue processing consisting of heart harvesting, embedding, sectioning and histological staining showed that intramyocardial cell injection produced a small damage in the epicardial area, as well as in the ventricular wall. Noncontractile cells were retained into the myocardial wall of immunocompromised mice and were surrounded by a layer of fibrotic tissue, likely to protect from cardiac pressure and mechanical load.
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18
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Zheng SX, Weng YL, Zhou CQ, Wen ZZ, Huang H, Wu W, Wang JF, Wang T. Comparison of cardiac stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells transplantation on the cardiac electrophysiology in rats with myocardial infarction. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 9:339-49. [PMID: 22544360 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-012-9367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Whether transplanted cardiac stem cells (CSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) improved ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) similarly is still unclear. We sought to compare the effects of the CSC and MSC transplantation on the electrophysiological characteristics and VFT in rats with myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS MI was induced in 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Two weeks later, animals were randomized to receive 5 × 10(6) CSCs labeled with PKH26 in PBS or 5 × 10(6) MSCs labeled with PKH26 in phosphate buffer solution(PBS) or PBS alone injection into the infarcted anterior ventricular free wall. Six weeks after the injection, electrophysiological characteristics and VFT were measured. Labeled CSCs and MSCs were observed in 5 μm cryostat sections from each heart. RESULTS Malignant ventricular arrhythmias were significantly (P = 0.0055) less inducible in the CSC group than the MSC group. The VFTs were improved in the CSC group compared with the MSC group. Labeled CSCs and MSCs were identified in the infarct zone and infarct marginal zone. Labeled CSCs expressed Connexin-43, von Willebrand factor, α-smooth muscle actin and α-sarcomeric actin,while the Labeled MSCs expressed von Willebrand factor, α-smooth muscle actin and α-sarcomeric actin in vivo. CONCLUSIONS After 6 weeks of cell transplantation, CSCs are superior to MSCs in modulating the electrophysiological abnormality and improving the VFT in rats with MI. CSCs and MSCs express markers that suggest muscle, endothelium and vascular smooth muscle phenotypes in vivo, but MSCs rarely express Connexin-43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Xin Zheng
- Cardiovascular Medicine, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
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19
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The effect of subcutaneous mesenchymal stem cell injection on statis zone and apoptosis in an experimental burn model. Plast Reconstr Surg 2013; 131:463-471. [PMID: 23446561 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0b013e31827c6d6f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In an acute burn injury the zone of stasis is initially vital but may progress to coagulation necrosis with time. In this study, salvage of the zone of stasis was aimed at by subcutaneous mesenchymal stem cell injection. METHODS Mesenchymal stem cells were obtained from the bone marrow of Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 10). Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats received thermal injury on the back according to the previously described "comb burn" model. Thirty minutes after the burn injury, mesenchymal stem cells were injected subcutaneously to the stasis zone of the experimental group (n = 10). Animals in the control group (n = 10) were given the same amount of saline without mesenchymal stem cells. Animals in the sham group (n = 6) did not receive any thermal trauma. Seventy-two hours after the burn injury, scintigraphic examination was applied to determine average vital tissue at the stasis zone. Thereafter, skin samples were assessed by immunohistochemistry assay for apoptosis count. The blood samples drawn before and 72 hours after the burn injury were analyzed to determine systemic cytokine levels. RESULTS The apoptosis count of the control group was found to be significantly higher than that of the experimental group. Vital tissue percentage of the stasis zone was significantly higher for the experimental group than for the control group. The cytokine levels did not reveal any statistically significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSION Apoptosis count and scintigraphic results of this study confirm that mesenchymal stem cell treatment has a statistically significant benefit for the survival of the stasis zone in acute burn.
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20
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Ma Z, Yang H, Liu H, Xu M, Runyan RB, Eisenberg CA, Markwald RR, Borg TK, Gao BZ. Mesenchymal stem cell-cardiomyocyte interactions under defined contact modes on laser-patterned biochips. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56554. [PMID: 23418583 PMCID: PMC3572044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how stem cells interact with cardiomyocytes is crucial for cell-based therapies to restore the cardiomyocyte loss that occurs during myocardial infarction and other cardiac diseases. It has been thought that functional myocardial repair and regeneration could be regulated by stem cell-cardiomyocyte contact. However, because various contact modes (junction formation, cell fusion, partial cell fusion, and tunneling nanotube formation) occur randomly in a conventional coculture system, the particular regulation corresponding to a specific contact mode could not be analyzed. In this study, we used laser-patterned biochips to define cell-cell contact modes for systematic study of contact-mediated cellular interactions at the single-cell level. The results showed that the biochip design allows defined stem cell-cardiomyocyte contact-mode formation, which can be used to determine specific cellular interactions, including electrical coupling, mechanical coupling, and mitochondria transfer. The biochips will help us gain knowledge of contact-mediated interactions between stem cells and cardiomyocytes, which are fundamental for formulating a strategy to achieve stem cell-based cardiac tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Huaxiao Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Honghai Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Meifeng Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Raymond B. Runyan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Carol A. Eisenberg
- New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center Stem Cell Laboratory, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
| | - Roger R. Markwald
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Thomas K. Borg
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Bruce Z. Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Liu YW, Roan JN, Wang SPH, Hwang SM, Tsai MS, Chen JH, Hsieh PCH. Xenografted human amniotic fluid-derived stem cell as a cell source in therapeutic angiogenesis. Int J Cardiol 2012; 168:66-75. [PMID: 23046594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amniotic fluid-derived stem cells (AFSCs) are pluripotent with high renewal capacity and are not tumorigenic. We tested whether AFSCs can function as a cell source for therapeutic angiogenesis in a mouse hindlimb ischemia model. METHODS Using a defined culture medium for endothelial lineage cells (ECs), we differentiated human AFSCs into AFSC-derived ECs (AFSC-ECs) in vitro, as evidenced by expression of EC markers, and capillary-like network formation on Matrigel. We assessed the in vivo therapeutic angiogenesis efficacy of AFSC-ECs in an athymic nude mouse model of hindlimb ischemia. One day after high ligation of the external iliac artery in athymic nude mice, AFSC-ECs were intramuscularly injected into ischemic limbs. RESULTS The AFSC-ECs demonstrated endothelial cell characteristics in vitro. Four weeks later, AFSC-ECs transplantation significantly increased limb salvage (85%), compared to AFSCs (56%), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs; 25%), or medium (0%). Laser Doppler perfusion analysis revealed that the ischemic/normal limb blood perfusion ratio significantly improved in the AFSC-EC group. AFSC-EC transplantation significantly increased capillary and arteriole densities as compared to AFSCs, HUVECs, and medium. Transplanted AFSC-ECs were incorporated into vessels in the ischemic region, as confirmed by immunofluorescent staining for human smooth muscle 22α or von Willebrand factor. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and MMP-9 expressions were significantly higher in AFSC-ECs. MMP-9 might activate angiogenesis by regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that AFSC-EC transplantation improved limb salvage and blood perfusion by promoting neovascularization. Therefore, AFSC-ECs possess the potential for therapeutic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Wen Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan
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23
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Díez Villanueva P, Sanz-Ruiz R, Núñez García A, Fernández Santos ME, Sánchez PL, Fernández-Avilés F. Functional multipotency of stem cells: what do we need from them in the heart? Stem Cells Int 2012; 2012:817364. [PMID: 22966237 PMCID: PMC3433152 DOI: 10.1155/2012/817364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
After more than ten years of human research in the field of cardiac regenerative medicine, application of stem cells in different phases of ischemic heart disease has come to age. Randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that stem cell therapy can improve cardiac recovery after the acute phase of myocardial ischemia and in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease, and several efficacy phase III trials with clinical endpoints are on their way. Nevertheless, a complete knowledge on the mechanisms of action of stem cells still remains elusive. Of the three main mechanisms by which stem cells could exert their benefit, paracrine signaling from the administered cells and stimulation of endogenous repair are nowadays the most plausible ones. However, in this review we will define and discuss the concept of stem cell potency and differentiation, will examine the evidence available, and will depict future directions of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Díez Villanueva
- Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Sanz-Ruiz
- Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Núñez García
- Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pedro L. Sánchez
- Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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Thompson SA, Burridge PW, Lipke EA, Shamblott M, Zambidis ET, Tung L. Engraftment of human embryonic stem cell derived cardiomyocytes improves conduction in an arrhythmogenic in vitro model. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 53:15-23. [PMID: 22713758 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we characterized the electrophysiological benefits of engrafting human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) in a model of arrhythmogenic cardiac tissue. Using transforming growth factor-β treated monolayers of neonatal rat ventricular cells (NRVCs), which retain several key aspects of the healing infarct such as an excess of contractile myofibroblasts and slowed, heterogeneous conduction, we assessed the ability of hESC-CMs to improve conduction and prevent arrhythmias. Cells from beating embryoid bodies (hESC-CMs) can form functional monolayers which beat spontaneously and can be electrically stimulated, with mean action potential duration of 275 ± 36 ms and conduction velocity (CV) of 10.6 ± 4.2 cm/s (n = 3). These cells, or cells from non-beating embryoid bodies (hEBCs) were added to anisotropic, NRVC monolayers. Immunostaining demonstrated hESC-CM survival and engraftment, and dye transfer assays confirmed functional coupling between hESC-CMs and NRVCs. Conduction velocities significantly increased in anisotropic NRVC monolayers after engraftment of hESC-CMs (13.4 ± 0.9 cm/s, n = 35 vs. 30.1 ± 3.2 cm/s, n = 20 in the longitudinal direction and 4.3 ± 0.3 cm/s vs. 9.3 ± 0.9 cm/s in the transverse direction), but decreased to even lower values after engraftment of non-cardiac hEBCs (to 10.6 ± 1.3 cm/s and 3.1 ± 0.5 cm/s, n = 11, respectively). Furthermore, reentrant wave vulnerability in NRVC monolayers decreased by 20% after engraftment of hESC-CMs, but did not change with engraftment of hEBCs. Finally, the culture of hESC-CMs in transwell inserts, which prevents juxtacrine interactions, or engraftment with connexin43-silenced hESC-CMs provided no functional improvement to NRVC monolayers. These results demonstrate that hESC-CMs can reverse the slowing of conduction velocity, reduce the incidence of reentry, and augment impaired electrical propagation via gap junction coupling to host cardiomyocytes in this arrhythmogenic in vitro model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Wen Z, Zheng S, Zhou C, Wang J, Wang T. Repair mechanisms of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in myocardial infarction. J Cell Mol Med 2011; 15:1032-43. [PMID: 21199333 PMCID: PMC3822616 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01255.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and resultant chronic heart failure remains extremely poor despite advances in optimal medical therapy and interventional procedures. Animal experiments and clinical trials using adult stem cell therapy following MI have shown a global improvement of myocardial function. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold promise for cardiac repair following MI, due to their multilineage, self-renewal and proliferation potential. In addition, MSCs can be easily isolated, expanded in culture, and have immunoprivileged properties to the host tissue. Experimental studies and clinical trials have revealed that MSCs not only differentiate into cardiomyocytes and vascular cells, but also secrete amounts of growth factors and cytokines which may mediate endogenous regeneration via activation of resident cardiac stem cells and other stem cells, as well as induce neovascularization, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, anti-remodelling and cardiac contractility in a paracrine manner. It has also been postulated that the anti-arrhythmic and cardiac nerve sprouting potential of MSCs may contribute to their beneficial effects in cardiac repair. Most molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the MSC-based therapy after MI are still unclear at present. This article reviews the potential repair mechanisms of MSCs in the setting of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuzhi Wen
- The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Improvements of cardiac electrophysiologic stability and ventricular fibrillation threshold in rats with myocardial infarction treated with cardiac stem cells. Crit Care Med 2011; 39:1082-8. [PMID: 21242796 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e318206d6e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Arrhythmia is of concern after cardiac stem cell transplantation in repairing infarcted myocardium. However, whether transplantation improved the ventricular fibrillation threshold and whether severe malignant ventricular arrhythmia is induced in the myocardial infarction model are still unclear. We sought to investigate the electrophysiologic characteristics and ventricular fibrillation threshold in rats with myocardial infarction by treatment with allogeneic cardiac stem cells. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, controlled study. SETTING University-affiliated hospital. SUBJECTS Male Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTIONS Myocardial infarction was induced in 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Two weeks later, animals were randomized to receive 5 × 10(6) cardiac stem cells labeled with PKH26 in phosphate buffer solution or a phosphate buffer solution-alone injection into the infarcted anterior ventricular-free wall. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Six weeks after the cardiac stem cell or phosphate buffer solution injection, electrophysiologic characteristics and ventricular fibrillation threshold were measured at the infarct area, infarct marginal zone, and noninfarct zone. Labeled cardiac stem cells were observed in 5-μm cryostat sections from each harvested heart. The unipolar electrogram activation recovery time dispersions were shorter in the cardiac stem cell group compared with those at the phosphate buffer solution group (15.5 ± 4.4 vs. 38.6 ± 14.9 msecs, p = .000177). Malignant ventricular arrhythmias were significantly (p = .00108) less inducible in the cardiac stem cell group (one of ten) than the phosphate buffer solution group (nine of ten). The ventricular fibrillation thresholds were greatly improved in the cardiac stem cell group compared with the phosphate buffer solution group. Labeled cardiac stem cells were identified in the infarct zone and infarct marginal zone and expressed Connexin-43, von Willebrand factor, α-smooth muscle actin, and α-sarcomeric actin. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac stem cells may modulate the electrophysiologic abnormality and improve the ventricular fibrillation threshold in rats with myocardial infarction treated with allogeneic cardiac stem cells and cardiac stem cell express markers that suggest muscle, endothelium, and vascular smooth muscle phenotypes in vivo.
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Lam CF, Roan JN, Lee CH, Chang PJ, Huang CC, Liu YC, Jiang MJ, Tsai YC. Transplantation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells Improves Pulmonary Endothelial Function and Gas Exchange in Rabbits with Endotoxin-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Anesth Analg 2011; 112:620-7. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e3182075da4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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van Ramshorst J, Antoni ML, Beeres SLMA, Roes SD, Delgado V, Rodrigo SF, de Roos A, Holman ER, Fibbe WE, Lamb HJ, Zwaginga JJ, Boersma E, van der Wall EE, Schalij MJ, Atsma DE, Bax JJ. Intramyocardial bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell injection for chronic myocardial ischemia: the effect on diastolic function. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2011; 4:122-9. [PMID: 21209073 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.110.957548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present substudy of a recently published randomized trial aimed to investigate the effect of intramyocardial bone marrow cell injection on diastolic function in patients with chronic myocardial ischemia. METHODS AND RESULTS In a total of 50 patients, diastolic function was evaluated before and 3 months after bone marrow cell injection using standard echocardiography and strain analysis. In addition, MRI-derived transmitral flow measurements were obtained in a subset of 36 patients. Left ventricular ejection fraction increased from 50±5% to 54±7% in the bone marrow cell group, which was a significant improvement as compared with the placebo group (52±5% versus 51±7%, P=0.001). Filling pressure estimate E/E' ratio improved from 14±5 at baseline to 12±4 at 3 months in the bone marrow cell group, whereas no improvement was observed in the placebo group (13±4 versus 13±5). The improvement in E/E' ratio was significantly larger in the bone marrow cell group (P=0.008). Furthermore, the E/A peak flow ratio as assessed by MRI showed a significant increase in the bone marrow cell group as compared with the placebo group (+0.16±0.25 versus -0.04±0.21, P=0.01), which was mainly related to an increase in the early (E) peak flow rate in the bone marrow cell group (from 407±96 mL/s to 468±110 mL/s, P=0.009 as compared with the placebo group). CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrates that intramyocardial bone marrow cell injection is associated with a beneficial effect on myocardial relaxation and filling pressures in patients with chronic myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan van Ramshorst
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, The Netherlands
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The paracrine effect: pivotal mechanism in cell-based cardiac repair. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2010; 3:652-62. [PMID: 20559770 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-010-9198-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac cell therapy has emerged as a controversial yet promising therapeutic strategy. Both experimental data and clinical applications in this field have shown modest but tangible benefits on cardiac structure and function and underscore that transplanted stem-progenitor cells can attenuate the postinfarct microenvironment. The paracrine factors secreted by these cells represent a pivotal mechanism underlying the benefits of cell-mediated cardiac repair. This article reviews key studies behind the paracrine effect related to the cardiac reparative effects of cardiac cell therapy.
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Abstract
Evaluation of: Schachinger V, Erbs S, Elsasser A et al.: Intracoronary bone marrow-derived progenitor cells in acute myocardial infarction. N. Engl. J. Med. 355, 1210-1221 (2006). The Reinfusion of Enriched Progenitor cells And Infarct Remodeling in Acute Myocardial Infarction (REPAIR-AMI) trial, the largest randomized, placebo-controlled trial of stem cell therapy in acute myocardial infarction, studied the efficacy of the intracoronary delivery of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) versus placebo in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction following successful percutaneous coronary intervention. At 4 month follow-up, patients treated with BMCs had a significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction compared with placebo (+5.5 vs +3.0%, absolute difference +2.5%). In addition, treatment with BMCs was associated with a statistically significant reduction in adverse clinical events at 1 year follow-up. Despite these promising findings, other studies have shown mixed results and several unresolved clinical and physiological issues remain. Key findings from ongoing basic and clinical research will define the future role of stem cell therapy for acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Mills
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Box 31286, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Satija NK, Singh VK, Verma YK, Gupta P, Sharma S, Afrin F, Sharma M, Sharma P, Tripathi RP, Gurudutta GU. Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy: a new paradigm in regenerative medicine. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 13:4385-402. [PMID: 19602034 PMCID: PMC4515054 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00857.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), adherent fibroblastoid cells, present in bone marrow and many other tissues can be easily isolated and expanded in vitro. They are capable of differentiating into different cell types such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, endothelial cells and neuronal cells. Such immense plasticity coupled with their ability to modulate the activity of immune cells makes them attractive for stem cell-based therapy aimed at treating previously incurable disorders. Preclinical studies have reported successful use of MSCs for delivering therapeutic proteins and repairing defects in a variety of disease models. These studies highlighted the in vivo potential of MSCs and their ability to home to injury sites and modify the microenvironment by secreting paracrine factors to augment tissue repair. Their therapeutic applicability has been widened by genetic modification to enhance differentiation and tissue targeting, and use in tissue engineering. Clinical trials for diseases such as osteogenesis imperfecta, graft-versus-host disease and myocardial infarction have shown some promise, demonstrating the safe use of both allogeneic and autologous cells. However, lack of knowledge of MSC behaviour and responses in vitro and in vivo force the need for basic and animal studies before heading to the clinic. Contrasting reports on immunomodulatory functions and tumorigenicity along with issues such as mode of cell delivery, lack of specific marker, low survival and engraftment require urgent attention to harness the potential of MSC-based therapy in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar Satija
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Research Group, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
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Higuchi T, Anton M, Dumler K, Seidl S, Pelisek J, Saraste A, Welling A, Hofmann F, Oostendorp RAJ, Gansbacher B, Nekolla SG, Bengel FM, Botnar RM, Schwaiger M. Combined reporter gene PET and iron oxide MRI for monitoring survival and localization of transplanted cells in the rat heart. J Nucl Med 2009; 50:1088-94. [PMID: 19525455 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.108.060665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED There is a need for in vivo monitoring of cell engraftment and survival after cardiac cell transplantation therapy. This study assessed the feasibility and usefulness of combined PET and MRI for monitoring cell engraftment and survival after cell transplantation. METHODS Human endothelial progenitor cells (HEPCs), derived from CD34+ mononuclear cells of umbilical cord blood, were retrovirally transduced with the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) gene for reporter gene imaging by (124)I-PET and labeled with iron oxides for visualization by MRI. Imaging and histologic analysis were performed on 3 groups of nude rats on days 1, 3, and 7 after intramyocardial injection of 4 million HEPCs. RESULTS In vitro studies demonstrated stable expression of functional NIS protein and normal viability of HEPCs after transduction. On day 1, after intramyocardial transplantation, iron- and NIS-labeled HEPCs were visualized successfully on MRI as a regional signal void in the healthy myocardium and on PET as (124)I accumulation. The (124)I uptake decreased on day 3 and was undetectable on day 7, and the MRI signal remained unchanged throughout the follow-up period. Histologic analysis with CD31 and CD68 antibodies confirmed the presence of either labeled or nonlabeled control transplanted HEPCs at the site of injection on day 1 but not on day 7, when only iron-loaded macrophages were seen. Furthermore, deoxyuride-5'-triphosphate biotin nick end labeling showed extensive apoptosis at the site of transplantation. CONCLUSION The combination of MRI and PET allows imaging of localization and survival of transplanted HEPCs together with morphologic information about the heart. Although iron labeling rapidly loses specificity for cell viability because of phagocytosis of iron particles released from dead cells, reporter gene expression provided specific information on the number of surviving cells. This multimodality approach allows complementary analysis of cell localization and viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Higuchi
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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An update on therapeutic angiogenesis for peripheral vascular disease. Ann Vasc Surg 2009; 24:258-68. [PMID: 19467829 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2008] [Revised: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We reviewed the issue of stem cells and therapeutic angiogenesis in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease. METHODS MEDLINE (1997-2008) with the following search terms: "stem cell therapy," "endothelial progenitor cells," "peripheral blood mononuclear cells," and "peripheral vascular disease." Relevant published papers involving the above search terms, preclinical studies, and clinical trials using stem cells and progenitors for the treatment of peripheral occlusive vascular disease were included. RESULTS Transplantation of bone marrow-derived progenitor cells or peripheral blood mononuclear cells promotes tissue angiogenesis, as has already been explored in preclinical studies; angiogenesis can also be sustained using genetic, protein therapeutic approaches. Engineered scaffolding with stem cells is a further strategy, which is still in its infancy. The treatment of patients with severe peripheral arterial disease is generally reported as a series of case reports; all studies generally show an improvement in clinical symptoms, e.g., rest pain and pain-free walking time, as well as transcutaneous oxygen pressure, without any important adverse reactions. The few clinical trials also report similar encouraging results. All the studies have their shortcomings, including absence of control groups and objective evaluation of the results of treatments as well as short-term follow-up. CONCLUSION Promoting angiogenesis using genetic, protein, stem cell-based therapies is a promising option for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease when unresponsive to medical and surgical therapy.
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Chamuleau S, Vrijsen K, Rokosh D, Tang X, Piek J, Bolli R. Cell therapy for ischaemic heart disease: focus on the role of resident cardiac stem cells. Neth Heart J 2009; 17:199-207. [PMID: 19484156 PMCID: PMC2688018 DOI: 10.1007/bf03086247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction results in loss of cardiomyocytes, scar formation, ventricular remodelling, and eventually heart failure. In recent years, cell therapy has emerged as a potential new strategy for patients with ischaemic heart disease. This includes embryonic and bone marrow derived stem cells. Recent clinical studies showed ostensibly conflicting results of intracoronary infusion of autologous bone marrow derived stem cells in patients with acute or chronic myocardial infarction. Anyway, these results have stimulated additional clinical and pre-clinical studies to further enhance the beneficial effects of stem cell therapy. Recently, the existence of cardiac stem cells that reside in the heart itself was demonstrated. Their discovery has sparked intense hope for myocardial regeneration with cells that are obtained from the heart itself and are thereby inherently programmed to reconstitute cardiac tissue. These cells can be detected by several surface markers (e.g. c-kit, Sca-1, MDR1, Isl-1). Both in vitro and in vivo differentiation into cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells has been demonstrated, and animal studies showed promising results on improvement of left ventricular function. This review will discuss current views regarding the feasibility of cardiac repair, and focus on the potential role of the resident cardiac stem and progenitor cells. (Neth Heart J 2009;17:199-207.).
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Affiliation(s)
- S.A.J. Chamuleau
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, KY, USA, Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands and Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - K.R. Vrijsen
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, KY, USA, Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands and Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - D.G. Rokosh
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - X.L. Tang
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - J.J. Piek
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R. Bolli
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, KY, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Q Ly
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Hamamoto H, Gorman JH, Ryan LP, Hinmon R, Martens TP, Schuster MD, Plappert T, Kiupel M, St John-Sutton MG, Itescu S, Gorman RC. Allogeneic mesenchymal precursor cell therapy to limit remodeling after myocardial infarction: the effect of cell dosage. Ann Thorac Surg 2009; 87:794-801. [PMID: 19231391 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Revised: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/19/2008] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This experiment assessed the dose-dependent effect of a unique allogeneic STRO-3-positive mesenchymal precursor cell (MPC) on postinfarction left ventricular (LV) remodeling. The MPCs were administered in a manner that would simulate an off-the-self, early postinfarction, preventative approach to cardiac cell therapy in a sheep transmural myocardial infarct (MI) model. METHODS Allogeneic MPCs were isolated from male crossbred sheep. Forty-six female sheep underwent coronary ligation to produce a transmural LV anteroapical infarction. One hour after infarction, the borderzone myocardium received an injection of 25, 75, 225, or 450 x 10(6) MPCs, or cell medium. Echocardiography was performed at 4 and 8 weeks after MI to quantify LV end-diastolic (LVEDV) and end-systolic volumes (LVESV), ejection fraction (EF), and infarct expansion. CD31 and smooth muscle actin (SMA) immunohistochemical staining was performed on infarct and borderzone specimens to quantify vascular density. RESULTS Compared with controls, low-dose (25 and 75 x 10(6) cells) MPC treatment significantly attenuated infarct expansion and increases in LVEDV and LVESV. EF was improved at all cell doses. CD31 and SMA immunohistochemical staining demonstrated increased vascular density in the borderzone only at the lower cell doses. There was no evidence of myocardial regeneration within the infarct. CONCLUSION Allogeneic STRO-3 positive MPCs attenuate the remodeling response to transmural MI in a clinically relevant large-animal model. This effect is associated with vasculogenesis and arteriogenesis within the borderzone and infarct and is most pronounced at lower cell doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotsugu Hamamoto
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Hamamoto H, Gorman JH, Ryan LP, Hinmon R, Martens TP, Schuster MD, Plappert T, Kiupel M, St John-Sutton MG, Itescu S, Gorman RC. Allogeneic mesenchymal precursor cell therapy to limit remodeling after myocardial infarction: the effect of cell dosage. Ann Thorac Surg 2009. [PMID: 19231391 DOI: 10.1016/jathoracsur.2008.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This experiment assessed the dose-dependent effect of a unique allogeneic STRO-3-positive mesenchymal precursor cell (MPC) on postinfarction left ventricular (LV) remodeling. The MPCs were administered in a manner that would simulate an off-the-self, early postinfarction, preventative approach to cardiac cell therapy in a sheep transmural myocardial infarct (MI) model. METHODS Allogeneic MPCs were isolated from male crossbred sheep. Forty-six female sheep underwent coronary ligation to produce a transmural LV anteroapical infarction. One hour after infarction, the borderzone myocardium received an injection of 25, 75, 225, or 450 x 10(6) MPCs, or cell medium. Echocardiography was performed at 4 and 8 weeks after MI to quantify LV end-diastolic (LVEDV) and end-systolic volumes (LVESV), ejection fraction (EF), and infarct expansion. CD31 and smooth muscle actin (SMA) immunohistochemical staining was performed on infarct and borderzone specimens to quantify vascular density. RESULTS Compared with controls, low-dose (25 and 75 x 10(6) cells) MPC treatment significantly attenuated infarct expansion and increases in LVEDV and LVESV. EF was improved at all cell doses. CD31 and SMA immunohistochemical staining demonstrated increased vascular density in the borderzone only at the lower cell doses. There was no evidence of myocardial regeneration within the infarct. CONCLUSION Allogeneic STRO-3 positive MPCs attenuate the remodeling response to transmural MI in a clinically relevant large-animal model. This effect is associated with vasculogenesis and arteriogenesis within the borderzone and infarct and is most pronounced at lower cell doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotsugu Hamamoto
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Maass A, Kajahn J, Guerleyik E, Guldner NW, Rapoport DH, Kruse C. Towards a pragmatic strategy for regenerating infarcted myocardium with glandular stem cells. Ann Anat 2009; 191:51-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2008.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2008] [Revised: 08/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Stem cell therapy trials: a call for standardization. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2008; 1:185-7. [PMID: 20559914 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-008-9042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
There are currently 25 new clinical cellular therapy trials in progress for cardiovascular disease in the US, and a similar number ongoing in Europe. The lack of standardization in cell isolation, preparation, storage, and time and localization of delivery, present clear hurdles to this growing field. This emphasizes the need for an organized task force to work closely with the FDA to agree upon standardized methods with the end result being improvements in patient care and enhanced knowledge in the field.
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Cell therapy in ischemic settings: fact and fiction. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008; 135:986-90. [PMID: 18455573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Accepted: 12/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Psaltis PJ, Gronthos S, Worthley SG, Zannettino AC. Cellular Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease Part 1 - Preclinical Insights. Clin Med Cardiol 2008. [DOI: 10.4137/cmc.s571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Psaltis
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Adelaide Hospital; Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5000
| | - Stan Gronthos
- Division of Haematology, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science; Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5000
| | - Stephen G Worthley
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Adelaide Hospital; Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5000
| | - Andrew C.W. Zannettino
- Division of Haematology, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science; Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5000
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Stem cells in cardiopulmonary development: Implications for novel approaches to therapy for pediatric cardiopulmonary disease. PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2007.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Cardiomyocyte death and renewal in the normal and diseased heart. Cardiovasc Pathol 2008; 17:349-74. [PMID: 18402842 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2008.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2007] [Revised: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 02/04/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During post-natal maturation of the mammalian heart, proliferation of cardiomyocytes essentially ceases as cardiomyocytes withdraw from the cell cycle and develop blocks at the G0/G1 and G2/M transition phases of the cell cycle. As a result, the response of the myocardium to acute stress is limited to various forms of cardiomyocyte injury, which can be modified by preconditioning and reperfusion, whereas the response to chronic stress is dominated by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and myocardial remodeling. Acute myocardial ischemia leads to injury and death of cardiomyocytes and nonmyocytic stromal cells by oncosis and apoptosis, and possibly by a hybrid form of cell death involving both pathways in the same ischemic cardiomyocytes. There is increasing evidence for a slow, ongoing turnover of cardiomyocytes in the normal heart involving death of cardiomyocytes and generation of new cardiomyocytes. This process appears to be accelerated and quantitatively increased as part of myocardial remodeling. Cardiomyocyte loss involves apoptosis, autophagy, and oncosis, which can occur simultaneously and involve different individual cardiomyocytes in the same heart undergoing remodeling. Mitotic figures in myocytic cells probably represent maturing progeny of stem cells in most cases. Mitosis of mature cardiomyocytes that have reentered the cell cycle appears to be a rare event. Thus, cardiomyocyte renewal likely is mediated primarily by endogenous cardiac stem cells and possibly by blood-born stem cells, but this biological phenomenon is limited in capacity. As a consequence, persistent stress leads to ongoing remodeling in which cardiomyocyte death exceeds cardiomyocyte renewal, resulting in progressive heart failure. Intense investigation currently is focused on cell-based therapies aimed at retarding cardiomyocyte death and promoting myocardial repair and possibly regeneration. Alteration of pathological remodeling holds promise for prevention and treatment of heart failure, which is currently a major cause of morbidity and mortality and a major public health problem. However, a deeper understanding of the fundamental biological processes is needed in order to make lasting advances in clinical therapeutics in the field.
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Klinger R, Bursac N. Cardiac cell therapy in vitro: reproducible assays for comparing the efficacy of different donor cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 27:72-80. [PMID: 18270054 DOI: 10.1109/memb.2007.913849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Progenitor Cell Therapy in Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia Without Surgical Options. Ann Surg 2008; 247:411-20. [DOI: 10.1097/sla.0b013e318153fdcb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Maulik N, Thirunavukkarasu M. Growth factors and cell therapy in myocardial regeneration. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2007; 44:219-27. [PMID: 18206905 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2007.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2007] [Revised: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in myocardial revascularization and reperfusion, coronary artery disease and subsequently myocardial infarction, are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the US. Thus one of the main goals in the treatment of myocardial ischemia is the development of effective therapy for angiogenesis. The first evidence is the demonstration of alleviation of myocardial ischemia and increased number of collateral blood vessels in the early 1990s following intra-coronary administration of basic fibroblast growth factor protein in dog. Multiple animal studies, has confirmed the concept of stimulation of collateral development by pharmacological and molecular means. This includes direct delivery of growth factors into the ischemic target tissues, or of genes that encode for synthesis of growth factors by target tissues. Both cell therapy and gene therapy have proven to be effective to promote neovascularization in various animal models. Cell therapy alone is proven to be beneficial however the combination of cell and gene therapy (growth factors) may enhance therapeutic neovascularization. Thus clinically relevant, combined strategy could be an excellent strategy for treating patients with myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjana Maulik
- Department of Surgery, Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, University of Connecticut Medical Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-1110, USA.
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Tse HF, Siu CW, Zhu SG, Songyan L, Zhang QY, Lai WH, Kwong YL, Nicholls J, Lau CP. Paracrine effects of direct intramyocardial implantation of bone marrow derived cells to enhance neovascularization in chronic ischaemic myocardium. Eur J Heart Fail 2007; 9:747-53. [PMID: 17481945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejheart.2007.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2006] [Revised: 02/24/2007] [Accepted: 03/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the optimal bone marrow (BM) cell types, and their potential mechanisms of action for neovascularization in chronic ischaemic myocardium. METHODS AND RESULTS The functional effects, angiogenic potential and cytokine expression of direct intramyocardial implantation of autologous BM CD31-positive endothelial progenitor cells (EPC, n=9), BM mononuclear cells (MNCs, n=9), and saline (n=9) were compared in a swine model of chronic ischaemic myocardium. Autologous BM cells were harvested and catheter-based electromechanical mapping-guided direct intramyocardial injection was performed to target ischaemic myocardium. After 12 weeks, injection of BM-MNC resulted in significant improvements in left ventricular dP/dt (+21+/-8%, P=0.032), left ventricular pressure (+17+/-4%, P=0.048) and regional microsphere myocardial perfusion over ischaemic endocardium (+74+/-28%, P<0.05) and epicardium (+73+/-29%, P<0.05). No significant effects were observed following injection of BM-EPC or saline. Capillary density (1132+/-69 versus 903+/-44 per mm(2), P=0.047) and expression of mRNA of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, 32.3+/-5.6 versus 13.1+/-3.7, P<0.05,) and angiopoietin-2 (23.9+/-3.6 versus 13.7+/-3.1, P<0.05) in ischaemic myocardium was significantly greater in the BM-MNC group than the saline group. The capillary density in ischaemic myocardium demonstrated a significant positive correlation with VEGF expression (r=0.61, P<0.001). CONCLUSION Catheter-based direct intramyocardial injection of BM-MNC enhanced angiogenesis more effectively than BM-EPC or saline, possibly via a paracrine effect, with increased expression of VEGF that subsequently improved cardiac performance of ischaemic myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Fat Tse
- Division of Cardiology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
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Ebert SN, Taylor DG, Nguyen HL, Kodack DP, Beyers RJ, Xu Y, Yang Z, French BA. Noninvasive tracking of cardiac embryonic stem cells in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging techniques. Stem Cells 2007; 25:2936-44. [PMID: 17690182 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2007-0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite rapid advances in the stem cell field, the ability to identify and track transplanted or migrating stem cells in vivo is limited. To overcome this limitation, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect and follow transplanted stem cells over a period of 28 days in mice using an established myocardial infarction model. Pluripotent mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells were expanded and induced to differentiate into beating cardiomyocytes in vitro. The cardiac-differentiated mES cells were then loaded with superparamagnetic fluorescent microspheres (1.63 microm in diameter) and transplanted into ischemic myocardium immediately following ligation and subsequent reperfusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. To identify the transplanted stem cells in vivo, MRI was performed using a Varian Inova 4.7 Tesla scanner. Our results show that (a) the cardiac-differentiated mES were effectively loaded with superparamagnetic microspheres in vitro, (b) the microsphere-loaded mES cells continued to beat in culture prior to transplantation, (c) the transplanted mES cells were readily detected in the heart in vivo using noninvasive MRI techniques, (d) the transplanted stem cells were detected in ischemic myocardium for the entire 28-day duration of the study as confirmed by MRI and post-mortem histological analyses, and (e) concurrent functional MRI indicated typical loss of cardiac function, although significant amelioration of remodeling was noted after 28 days in hearts that received transplanted stem cells. These results demonstrate that it is feasible to simultaneously track transplanted stem cells and monitor cardiac function in vivo over an extended period using noninvasive MRI techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven N Ebert
- Burnett College of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA.
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