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Stangret A, Sadowski KA, Jabłoński K, Kochman J, Opolski G, Grabowski M, Tomaniak M. Chemokine Fractalkine and Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease-Is There a Link? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3885. [PMID: 38612695 PMCID: PMC11012077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-obstructive coronary artery disease (NO-CAD) constitutes a heterogeneous group of conditions collectively characterized by less than 50% narrowing in at least one major coronary artery with a fractional flow reserve (FFR) of ≤0.80 observed in coronary angiography. The pathogenesis and progression of NO-CAD are still not fully understood, however, inflammatory processes, particularly atherosclerosis and microvascular dysfunction are known to play a major role in it. Chemokine fractalkine (FKN/CX3CL1) is inherently linked to these processes. FKN/CX3CL1 functions predominantly as a chemoattractant for immune cells, facilitating their transmigration through the vessel wall and inhibiting their apoptosis. Its concentrations correlate positively with major cardiovascular risk factors. Moreover, promising preliminary results have shown that FKN/CX3CL1 receptor inhibitor (KAND567) administered in the population of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), inhibits the adverse reaction of the immune system that causes hyperinflammation. Whereas the link between FKN/CX3CL1 and NO-CAD appears evident, further studies are necessary to unveil this complex relationship. In this review, we critically overview the current data on FKN/CX3CL1 in the context of NO-CAD and present the novel clinical implications of the unique structure and function of FKN/CX3CL1 as a compound which distinctively contributes to the pathomechanism of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Stangret
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Karol Artur Sadowski
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 01-267 Warsaw, Poland; (K.A.S.); (K.J.); (J.K.); (G.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Konrad Jabłoński
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 01-267 Warsaw, Poland; (K.A.S.); (K.J.); (J.K.); (G.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Janusz Kochman
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 01-267 Warsaw, Poland; (K.A.S.); (K.J.); (J.K.); (G.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Grzegorz Opolski
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 01-267 Warsaw, Poland; (K.A.S.); (K.J.); (J.K.); (G.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Marcin Grabowski
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 01-267 Warsaw, Poland; (K.A.S.); (K.J.); (J.K.); (G.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Mariusz Tomaniak
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 01-267 Warsaw, Poland; (K.A.S.); (K.J.); (J.K.); (G.O.); (M.G.)
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2
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Pokharel J, Shryki I, Zwijnenburg AJ, Sandu I, Krumm L, Bekiari C, Avramov V, Heinbäck R, Lysell J, Eidsmo L, Harris HE, Gerlach C. The cellular microenvironment regulates CX3CR1 expression on CD8 + T cells and the maintenance of CX3CR1 + CD8 + T cells. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350658. [PMID: 37816219 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Expression levels of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 serve as high-resolution marker delineating functionally distinct antigen-experienced T-cell states. The factors that influence CX3CR1 expression in T cells are, however, incompletely understood. Here, we show that in vitro priming of naïve CD8+ T cells failed to robustly induce CX3CR1, which highlights the shortcomings of in vitro priming settings in recapitulating in vivo T-cell differentiation. Nevertheless, in vivo generated memory CD8+ T cells maintained CX3CR1 expression during culture. This allowed us to investigate whether T-cell receptor ligation, cell death, and CX3CL1 binding influence CX3CR1 expression. T-cell receptor stimulation led to downregulation of CX3CR1. Without stimulation, CX3CR1+ CD8+ T cells had a selective survival disadvantage, which was enhanced by factors released from necrotic but not apoptotic cells. Exposure to CX3CL1 did not rescue their survival and resulted in a dose-dependent loss of CX3CR1 surface expression. At physiological concentrations of CX3CL1, CX3CR1 surface expression was only minimally reduced, which did not hamper the interpretability of T-cell differentiation states delineated by CX3CR1. Our data further support the broad utility of CX3CR1 surface levels as T-cell differentiation marker and identify factors that influence CX3CR1 expression and the maintenance of CX3CR1 expressing CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Pokharel
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iman Shryki
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anthonie J Zwijnenburg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ioana Sandu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Krumm
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Bekiari
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Victor Avramov
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rebecka Heinbäck
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Josefin Lysell
- Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Liv Eidsmo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
- Leo Foundation Skin Immunology Center, University of Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Helena E Harris
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carmen Gerlach
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Leberzammer J, von Hundelshausen P. Chemokines, molecular drivers of thromboinflammation and immunothrombosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1276353. [PMID: 37954596 PMCID: PMC10637585 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1276353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood clotting is a finely regulated process that is essential for hemostasis. However, when dysregulated or spontaneous, it promotes thrombotic disorders. The fact that these are triggered, accompanied and amplified by inflammation is reflected in the term thromboinflammation that includes chemokines. The role of chemokines in thrombosis is therefore illuminated from a cellular perspective, where endothelial cells, platelets, red blood cells, and leukocytes may be both the source and target of chemokines. Chemokine-dependent prothrombotic processes may thereby occur independently of chemokine receptors or be mediated by chemokine receptors, although the binding and activation of classical G protein-coupled receptors and their signaling pathways differ from those of atypical chemokine receptors, which do not function via cell activation and recruitment. Regardless of binding to their receptors, chemokines can induce thrombosis by forming platelet-activating immune complexes with heparin or other polyanions that are pathognomonic for HIT and VITT. In addition, chemokines can bind to NETs and alter their structure. They also change the electrical charge of the cell surface of platelets and interact with coagulation factors, thereby modulating the balance of fibrinolysis and coagulation. Moreover, CXCL12 activates CXCR4 on platelets independently of classical migratory chemokine activity and causes aggregation and thrombosis via the PI3Kβ and Btk signaling pathways. In contrast, typical chemokine-chemokine receptor interactions are involved in the processes that contribute to the adhesiveness of the endothelium in the initial phase of venous thrombosis, where neutrophils and monocytes subsequently accumulate in massive numbers. Later, the reorganization and resolution of a thrombus require coordinated cell migration and invasion of the thrombus, and, as such, indeed, chemokines recruit leukocytes to existing thrombi. Therefore, chemokines contribute in many independent ways to thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Leberzammer
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp von Hundelshausen
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Institut für Prophylaxe und Epidemiologie der Kreislaufkrankheiten (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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4
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Loh SX, Ekinci Y, Spray L, Jeyalan V, Olin T, Richardson G, Austin D, Alkhalil M, Spyridopoulos I. Fractalkine Signalling (CX 3CL1/CX 3CR1 Axis) as an Emerging Target in Coronary Artery Disease. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4821. [PMID: 37510939 PMCID: PMC10381654 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is the most common and dramatic complication of atherosclerosis, which, despite successful reperfusion therapy, can lead to incident heart failure (HF). HF occurs when the healing process is impaired due to adverse left ventricular remodelling, and can be the result of so-called ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), visualised by the development of intramyocardial haemorrhage (IMH) or microvascular obstruction (MVO) in cardiac MRI. Thus far, translation of novel pharmacological strategies from preclinical studies to target either IRI or HF post MI have been largely unsuccessful. Anti-inflammatory therapies also carry the risk of affecting the immune system. Fractalkine (FKN, CX3CL1) is a unique chemokine, present as a transmembrane protein on the endothelium, or following cleavage as a soluble ligand, attracting leukocyte subsets expressing the corresponding receptor CX3CR1. We have shown previously that the fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 is associated with MVO in patients undergoing primary PCI. Moreover, inhibition of CX3CR1 with an allosteric small molecule antagonist (KAND567) in the rat MI model reduces acute infarct size, inflammation, and IMH. Here we review the cellular biology of fractalkine and its receptor, along with ongoing studies that introduce CX3CR1 as a future target in coronary artery disease, specifically in patients with myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Xian Loh
- Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK; (S.X.L.); (V.J.); (M.A.)
| | - Yasemin Ekinci
- Translational Research Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (Y.E.); (L.S.)
| | - Luke Spray
- Translational Research Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (Y.E.); (L.S.)
| | - Visvesh Jeyalan
- Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK; (S.X.L.); (V.J.); (M.A.)
- Academic Cardiovascular Unit, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK;
- Population Health Science Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Thomas Olin
- Kancera AB, Karolinska Institutet Science Park, 171 65 Solna, Sweden;
| | - Gavin Richardson
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK;
| | - David Austin
- Academic Cardiovascular Unit, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK;
- Population Health Science Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Mohammad Alkhalil
- Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK; (S.X.L.); (V.J.); (M.A.)
- Translational Research Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (Y.E.); (L.S.)
| | - Ioakim Spyridopoulos
- Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK; (S.X.L.); (V.J.); (M.A.)
- Translational Research Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (Y.E.); (L.S.)
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Li M, Liu D, Jing F, Liu R, Yi Q. The role of Annexin A3 in coronary arterial lesions in children with Kawasaki disease. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1111788. [PMID: 36865686 PMCID: PMC9971978 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1111788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, self-limited vasculitis, and the etiology is still unclear. Coronary arterial lesions (CALs) are a major complication of KD. Excessive inflammation and immunologic abnormities are involved in the pathogenesis of KD and CALs. Annexin A3 (ANXA3) plays crucial roles in cell migration and differentiation, inflammation, cardiovascular and membrane metabolic diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ANXA3 on the pathogenesis of KD and CALs. There were 109 children with KD in the KD group [which was divided into two groups: 67 patients with CALs in the KD-CAL group, and 42 patients with noncoronary arterial lesions (NCALs) in the KD-NCAL group] and 58 healthy children in the control (HC) group. Clinical and laboratory data were retrospectively collected from all patients with KD. The serum concentration of ANXA3 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Serum ANXA3 levels were higher in the KD group than in the HC group (P < 0.05). There was a higher concentration of serum ANXA3 in the KD-CAL group than in the KD-NCAL group (P < 0.05). Neutrophil cell counts and serum ANXA3 levels were higher in the KD group than in the HC group (P < 0.05) and quickly decreased when the patients were treated with IVIG after 7 days of illness. Platelet (PLT) counts and ANXA3 levels concurrently exhibited significant increases 7 days after onset. Furthermore, ANXA3 levels were positively correlated with lymphocyte and PLT counts in the KD and KD-CAL groups. ANXA3 may be involved in the pathogenesis of KD and CALs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengling Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital, Mianyang, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengchuan Jing
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruixi Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Qijian Yi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
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6
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Chen PH, Hsiao CY, Chiang SJ, Shen RS, Lin YK, Chung KH, Tsai SY. Cardioprotective potential of lithium and role of fractalkine in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2023; 57:104-114. [PMID: 34875897 DOI: 10.1177/00048674211062532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Over a half century, lithium has been used as the first-line medication to treat bipolar disorder. Emerging clinical and laboratory studies suggest that lithium may exhibit cardioprotective effects in addition to neuroprotective actions. Fractalkine (CX3CL1) is a unique chemokine associated with the pathogenesis of mood disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Herein we aimed to ascertain whether lithium treatment is associated with favorable cardiac structure and function in relation to the reduced CX3CL1 among patients with bipolar disorder. METHODS We recruited 100 euthymic patients with bipolar I disorder aged over 20 years to undergo echocardiographic study and measurement of plasma CX3CL1. Associations between lithium treatment, cardiac structure and function and peripheral CX3CL1 were analyzed according to the cardiovascular risk. The high cardiovascular risk was defined as (1) age ⩾ 45 years in men or ⩾ 55 years in women or (2) presence of concurrent cardiometabolic diseases. RESULTS In the high cardiovascular risk group (n = 61), patients who received lithium as the maintenance treatment had significantly lower mean values of left ventricular internal diameters at end-diastole (Cohen's d = 0.65, p = 0.001) and end-systole (Cohen's d = 0.60, p = 0.004), higher mean values of mitral valve E/A ratio (Cohen's d = 0.51, p = 0.019) and superior performance of global longitudinal strain (Cohen's d = 0.51, p = 0.037) than those without lithium treatment. In addition, mean plasma levels of CX3CL1 in the high cardiovascular risk group were significantly lower among patients with lithium therapy compared with those without lithium treatment (p = 0.029). Multiple regression models showed that the association between lithium treatment and mitral value E/A ratio was contributed by CX3CL1. CONCLUSION Data from this largest sample size study of the association between lithium treatment and echocardiographic measures suggest that lithium may protect cardiac structure and function in patients with bipolar disorder. Reduction of CX3CL1 may mediate the cardioprotective effects of lithium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pao-Huan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei.,Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Cheng-Yi Hsiao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei.,Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Shuo-Ju Chiang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei
| | - Ruei-Siang Shen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City
| | - Yen-Kuang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei.,Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Shang-Ying Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei.,Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
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Implications of fractalkine on glial function, ablation and glial proteins/receptors/markers—understanding its therapeutic usefulness in neurological settings: a narrative review. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-022-00446-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Fractalkine (CX3CL1) is a chemokine predominantly released by neurons. As a signaling molecule, CX3CL1 facilitates talk between neurons and glia. CX3CL1 is considered as a potential target which could alleviate neuroinflammation. However, certain controversial results and ambiguous role of CX3CL1 make it inexorable to decipher the overall effects of CX3CL1 on the physiopathology of glial cells.
Main body of the abstract
Implications of cross-talk between CX3CL1 and different glial proteins/receptors/markers will give a bird eye view of the therapeutic significance of CX3CL1. Keeping with the need, this review identifies the effects of CX3CL1 on glial physiopathology, glial ablation, and gives a wide coverage on the effects of CX3CL1 on certain glial proteins/receptors/markers.
Short conclusion
Pinpoint prediction of the therapeutic effect of CX3CL1 on neuroinflammation needs further research. This is owing to certain obscure roles and implications of CX3CL1 on different glial proteins/receptors/markers, which are crucial under neurological settings. Further challenges are imposed due to the dichotomous roles played by CX3CL1. The age-old chemokine shows many newer scopes of research in near future. Thus, overall assessment of the effect of CX3CL1 becomes crucial prior to its administration in neuroinflammation.
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He B, Zhan Y, Cai C, Yu D, Wei Q, Quan L, Huang D, Liu Y, Li Z, Liu L, Pan X. Common molecular mechanism and immune infiltration patterns of thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1030976. [PMID: 36341412 PMCID: PMC9633949 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1030976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic disease (aortic aneurysm (AA), dissection (AD)) is a serious threat to patient lives. Little is currently known about the molecular mechanisms and immune infiltration patterns underlying the development and progression of thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms (TAA and AAA), warranting further research. METHODS We downloaded AA (includes TAA and AAA) datasets from the GEO database. The potential biomarkers in TAA and AAA were identified using differential expression analysis and two machine-learning algorithms. The discrimination power of the potential biomarkers and their diagnostic accuracy was assessed in validation datasets using ROC curve analysis. Then, GSEA, KEGG, GO and DO analyses were conducted. Furthermore, two immuno-infiltration analysis algorithms were utilized to analyze the common immune infiltration patterns in TAA and AAA. Finally, a retrospective clinical study was performed on 78 patients with AD, and the serum from 6 patients was used for whole exome sequencing (WES). RESULTS The intersection of TAA and AAA datasets yielded 82 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Subsequently, the biomarkers (CX3CR1 and HBB) were acquired by screening using two machine-learning algorithms and ROC curve analysis. The functional analysis of DEGs showed significant enrichment in inflammation and regulation of angiogenic pathways. Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed that adaptive and innate immune responses were closely linked to AA progression. However, neither CX3CR1 nor HBB was associated with B cell-mediated humoral immunity. CX3CR1 expression was correlated with macrophages and HBB with eosinophils. Finally, our retrospective clinical study revealed a hyperinflammatory environment in aortic disease. The WES study identified disease biomarkers and gene variants, some of which may be druggable. CONCLUSION The genes CX3CR1 and HBB can be used as common biomarkers in TAA and AAA. Large numbers of innate and adaptive immune cells are infiltrated in AA and are closely linked to the development and progression of AA. Moreover, CX3CR1 and HBB are highly correlated with the infiltration of immune cells and may be potential targets of immunotherapeutic drugs. Gene mutation research is a promising direction for the treatment of aortic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin He
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Ya Zhan
- The Third Hospital of MianYang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, MianYang, China
| | - Chunyu Cai
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Dianyou Yu
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Qinjiang Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Liping Quan
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Da Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Zhile Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
- College of Clinical Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Xingshou Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
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Chaudhary PK, Kim S, Kim S. An Insight into Recent Advances on Platelet Function in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116022. [PMID: 35682700 PMCID: PMC9181192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets play a variety of roles in vascular biology and are best recognized as primary hemostasis and thrombosis mediators. Platelets have a large number of receptors and secretory molecules that are required for platelet functionality. Upon activation, platelets release multiple substances that have the ability to influence both physiological and pathophysiological processes including inflammation, tissue regeneration and repair, cancer progression, and spreading. The involvement of platelets in the progression and seriousness of a variety of disorders other than thrombosis is still being discovered, especially in the areas of inflammation and the immunological response. This review represents an integrated summary of recent advances on the function of platelets in pathophysiology that connects hemostasis, inflammation, and immunological response in health and disease and suggests that antiplatelet treatment might be used for more than only thrombosis.
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10
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Characterization of cerebral small vessel disease by neutrophil and platelet activation markers using artificial intelligence. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 367:577863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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The Circulating Biomarker Fractalkine and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor BB are Correlated with Carotid Plaque Vulnerability Assessed by Computed Tomography Angiography. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31:106422. [PMID: 35255286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although studies have demonstrated that inflammatory and lipid/ lipoproteins-related biomarkers, genetic mutations, and epigenetic mechanisms could be candidates for diagnosis and prognosis of ischemic stroke, there is still no consensus on how to identify vulnerable plaques based on circulating biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Histological and immunohistochemical staining were performed in the aorta sections of ApoE-/- and WT mice. Eighty-nine patients who underwent CTA were included in this study. The degree of carotid stenosis and the wall features of plaque components were quantitatively analyzed. And the serum concentration of FKN and PDGF-BB were measured. RESULTS (1) The type V vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques deposited on the aortas of ApoE-/- mice after feeding with western diet for 16 weeks. And the expression of CX3CR1 and PDGFR-β increased in the areas of atherosclerotic plaques, especially inside the fibrous cap of plaque. (2) Patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis showed larger LNRC, smaller calcified plaques and more plaque ulceration detected by CTA than asymptomatic stenosis patients. Plaque ulceration and size of LNRC were high risk factors for stroke while plaque calcification was less frequently associated with cerebrovascular ischemia. (3) The serum concentration of FKN was lower and of PDGF-BB was higher in the patients with carotid artery stenosis. Correlation analysis suggested that FKN and PDGF-BB correlated positively with carotid plaque calcification and LNRC respectively. CONCLUSIONS For prediction it is recommended to combine circulating biomarkers (FKN and PDGF-BB) and imaging biomarkersfor comprehensive diagnosis and risk stratification in carotid atherosclerotic stroke.
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Greve F, Mair O, Aulbach I, Biberthaler P, Hanschen M. Correlation between Platelet Count and Lung Dysfunction in Multiple Trauma Patients-A Retrospective Cohort Analysis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051400. [PMID: 35268491 PMCID: PMC8911048 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Current findings emphasize the potential contribution of platelets to the immunological response after severe trauma. As clinical relevance remains unclear, this study aims to analyze the correlation between platelets and lung dysfunction in severely injured patients. (2) Methods: We retrospectively enrolled all multiple trauma patients presenting to our level 1 trauma center from 2015 to 2016 with an Injury-Severity Score (ISS) ≥ 16. Apart from demographic data, platelet counts and PaO2/FiO2 as an approximate indicator for lung physiology were analyzed and correlated on subsequent days after admission. (3) Results: 83 patients with a median ISS of 22 (IQR 18–36) were included. Compared to day 1, platelet counts were decreased on day 3 (p ≤ 0.001). Platelet counts were significantly lower on day 3 in patients with an ISS ≥ 35 (p = 0.011). There were no differences regarding PaO2/FiO2 index. Correlation analysis revealed a positive link between increased platelet counts and PaO2/FiO2 index on day 1 only in severely injured patients (p = 0.007). (4) Conclusions: This work supports the concept of platelets modulating the posttraumatic immune response by affecting lung dysfunction in the early phase after multiple trauma in dependence of injury severity. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the impact of platelets on systemic processes in multiple trauma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Greve
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (O.M.); (I.A.); (P.B.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-4140-2126
| | - Olivia Mair
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (O.M.); (I.A.); (P.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Ina Aulbach
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (O.M.); (I.A.); (P.B.); (M.H.)
- Department of Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, Charité-Universitätmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Biberthaler
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (O.M.); (I.A.); (P.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Marc Hanschen
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (O.M.); (I.A.); (P.B.); (M.H.)
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13
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Al-Kindi S, Zidar DA. COVID-lateral damage: cardiovascular manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Transl Res 2022; 241:25-40. [PMID: 34780967 PMCID: PMC8588575 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Early in the pandemic, concern that cardiovascular effects would accompany COVID-19 was fueled by lessons from the first SARS epidemic, knowledge that the SARS-COV2 entry receptor (Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, ACE2) is highly expressed in the heart, early reports of myocarditis, and first-hand accounts by physicians caring for those with severe COVID-19. Over 18 months, our understanding of the cardiovascular manifestations has expanded greatly, leaving more new questions than those conclusively answered. Cardiac involvement is common (∼20%) but not uniformly observed in those who require treatment in a hospitalized setting. Cardiac MRI studies raise the possibility of manifestations in those with minimal symptoms. Some appear to experience protracted cardiovascular symptoms as part of a larger syndrome of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. Instances of vaccine induced thrombosis and myocarditis are exceedingly rare but illustrate the need to monitor the cardiovascular safety of interventions that induce inflammation. Here, we will summarize the current understanding of potential cardiovascular manifestations of SARS-COV2. To provide proper context, paradigms of cardiovascular injury due to other inflammatory processes will also be discussed. Ongoing research and a deeper understanding COVID-19 may ultimately reveal new insight into the mechanistic underpinnings of cardiovascular disease. Thus, in this time of unprecedented suffering and risk to global health, there exists the opportunity that well conducted translational research of SARS-COV2 may provide health dividends that outlast the current pandemic.
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Key Words
- ace2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- pasc, post-acute sequelae of covid-19
- cvd, cardiovascular disease
- tnf, tumor necrosis factor
- pamp, pathogen associated molecular patterns
- damps, damage associated molecular patterns
- car-t, chimeric antigen receptor therapy
- dvt, deep venous thrombosis
- tf, tissue factor
- psgl, p-selectin glycoprotein ligand
- nets, neutrophil extracellular traps
- lv, left ventricular
- crp, c-reactive protein
- lge, late gadolinium enhancement
- cbv, coxsackie virus b
- b19v, parvovirus b12
- car, coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor
- ns1, nonstructural protein 1
- ec, endothelial cells
- scrnaseq, single cell rna sequencing
- embx, endomyocardial biopsy
- tte, transthoracic echocardiograms
- rv, right ventricular
- gls, global longitudinal strain
- hscrp, high sensitivity c-reative protein
- vitt, vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia
- dtap, diphtheria, tetanus, and polio
- vaers, vaccine adverse event reporting system
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadeer Al-Kindi
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - David A Zidar
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio; Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.
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14
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Xue L, Tao L, Sun H, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Lei N, Liu Z, Zhang H, Jin L, Zhang T, Zhang J, Meng H, Huang F, Geng Y, Li M. Association Between Blood PLT and RBC Related Indices and Disease Activity in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:573-581. [PMID: 35046715 PMCID: PMC8763267 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s351505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Platelet (PLT) and red blood cell (RBC) have been demonstrated to play a critical role in inflammatory processes. This study aimed to evaluate the association of blood PLT and RBC related parameters with the disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and also to investigate the role of these indices in differentiating among RA patients with different disease activity. Methods Clinical data from RA patients were retrospectively analyzed. RA patients were divided into inactive group and active group according to DAS28-CRP. The relationship between blood PLT and RBC counts-related indices and DAS28-CRP was detected by Spearman correlation. ROC curve was used to assess the diagnostic value of these indices in differentiating active RA from inactive RA. Results Active RA patients exhibited higher level of PLT counts but significantly lower levels of RBC counts, hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells-platelet ratio (RPR) and hemoglobin-platelet ratio (HPR) compared with inactive RA. PLT counts were positively but RBC counts, Hb, RPR and HPR were negatively related with DAS28-CRP. Conclusion Blood PLT and RBC related indices were significantly associated with RA disease activity. These indices may be used to distinguish active RA from inactive RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Tao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Sun
- Third Department of Medical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Lei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeshi Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Meng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Geng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
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15
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Stothert AR, Kaur T. Innate Immunity to Spiral Ganglion Neuron Loss: A Neuroprotective Role of Fractalkine Signaling in Injured Cochlea. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:694292. [PMID: 34408629 PMCID: PMC8365835 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.694292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune system dysregulation is increasingly being attributed to the development of a multitude of neurodegenerative diseases. This, in large part, is due to the delicate relationship that exists between neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS), and the resident immune cells that aid in homeostasis and immune surveillance within a tissue. Classically, the inner ear was thought to be immune privileged due to the presence of a blood-labyrinth barrier. However, it is now well-established that both vestibular and auditory end organs in the inner ear contain a resident (local) population of macrophages which are the phagocytic cells of the innate-immune system. Upon cochlear sterile injury or infection, there is robust activation of these resident macrophages and a predominant increase in the numbers of macrophages as well as other types of leukocytes. Despite this, the source, nature, fate, and functions of these immune cells during cochlear physiology and pathology remains unclear. Migration of local macrophages and infiltration of bone-marrow-derived peripheral blood macrophages into the damaged cochlea occur through various signaling cascades, mediated by the release of specific chemical signals from damaged sensory and non-sensory cells of the cochlea. One such signaling pathway is CX3CL1-CX3CR1, or fractalkine (FKN) signaling, a direct line of communication between macrophages and sensory inner hair cells (IHCs) and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) of the cochlea. Despite the known importance of this neuron-immune axis in CNS function and pathology, until recently it was not clear whether this signaling axis played a role in macrophage chemotaxis and SGN survival following cochlear injury. In this review, we will explore the importance of innate immunity in neurodegenerative disease development, specifically focusing on the regulation of the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis, and present evidence for a role of FKN signaling in cochlear neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Rigel Stothert
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Tejbeer Kaur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
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16
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Chamera K, Szuster-Głuszczak M, Basta-Kaim A. Shedding light on the role of CX3CR1 in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1063-1078. [PMID: 34021899 PMCID: PMC8413165 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00269-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia has a complex and heterogeneous molecular and clinical picture. Over the years of research on this disease, many factors have been suggested to contribute to its pathogenesis. Recently, the inflammatory processes have gained particular interest in the context of schizophrenia due to the increasing evidence from epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies. Within the immunological component, special attention has been brought to chemokines and their receptors. Among them, CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1), which belongs to the family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors, and its cognate ligand (CX3CL1) constitute a unique system in the central nervous system. In the view of regulation of the brain homeostasis through immune response, as well as control of microglia reactivity, the CX3CL1–CX3CR1 system may represent an attractive target for further research and schizophrenia treatment. In the review, we described the general characteristics of the CX3CL1–CX3CR1 axis and the involvement of this signaling pathway in the physiological processes whose disruptions are reported to participate in mechanisms underlying schizophrenia. Furthermore, based on the available clinical and experimental data, we presented a guide to understanding the implication of the CX3CL1–CX3CR1 dysfunctions in the course of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Chamera
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Szuster-Głuszczak
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Basta-Kaim
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343, Kraków, Poland
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17
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Tian J, Weng Y, Sun R, Zhu Y, Zhang J, Liu H, Liu Y. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound molecular imaging of activated platelets in the progression of atherosclerosis using microbubbles bearing the von Willebrand factor A1 domain. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:721. [PMID: 34007330 PMCID: PMC8120515 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-endothelial interactions have been linked to increased inflammatory activation and a prothrombotic state in atherosclerosis. The interaction between von Willebrand factor (vWF)-A1 domain and platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib/IX plays a significant role in mediating the adhesion of platelets to the injured endothelium. In the present study, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEU) molecular imaging with microbubbles bearing the vWF-A1 domain was performed to non-invasively monitor activated platelets on the vascular endothelium in the procession of atherosclerosis. A targeted CEU contrast agent was prepared by attaching the vWF-A1 domain to the shell of microbubbles (MbA1). Rat isotype control antibody was used to produce control (Mbctrl) microbubbles. The binding of MbA1 and Mbctrl to activated platelets was assessed in in vitro flow chamber experiments. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE-/-) deficient mice were studied as a model of atherosclerosis. At 8, 16 and 32 weeks of age, CEU molecular imaging of the proximal aorta with MbA1 and Mbctrl was performed and the imaging signals from microbubbles were quantified. Atherosclerotic lesion severity and platelets on the endothelial surface were assessed by histology and immunohistochemistry. In in vitro flow chamber studies, attachment of MbA1 to activated platelets on culture dishes was significantly greater than that of Mbctrl across a range of shear stresses (P<0.05). The attachment of Mbctrl was sparse and not related to the aggregated platelets. As lesion development progressed in the ApoE-/- mice, molecular imaging of activated platelets demonstrated selective signal enhancement of MbA1 (P<0.05 vs. Mbctrl) at all ages. Selective signal enhancement from MbA1 increased from 8 to 32 weeks of age. Immunohistochemistry for GPIIb revealed the presence of platelets on the endothelial cell surface in each group of ApoE-/- mice and that the degree of platelet deposits was age-dependent. The results of the present study indicated that non-invasive CEU molecular imaging with targeted microbubbles bearing the vWF-A1 domain could not only detect activated platelets on the vascular endothelium but also indicate lesion severity in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tian
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yahui Weng
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Ruiying Sun
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Hongyun Liu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yani Liu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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18
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Bello D, Chanetsa L, Cristophi CA, Poh TY, Singh D, Setyawati MI, Christiani D, Chotirmall SH, Ng KW, Demokritou P. Chronic upper airway and systemic inflammation from copier emitted particles in healthy operators at six Singaporean workplaces. NANOIMPACT 2021; 22:100325. [PMID: 35559961 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Toner-based printing equipment (TPE), including laser printers and photocopiers, utilize several engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) to improve toner performance. Operation of TPE, which rarely employ any exposure controls, generates high exposures to nanoparticles that contain ENMs and complex organics. Epidemiological literature in copier operators documents respiratory effects, including nasal blockage, cough, excessive sputum, and breathing difficulties, cardiovascular effects, oxidative stress, and inflammation. However, epidemiological studies in humans with adequate exposure assessment and dose-response analysis are lacking. We present herein the analysis of the upper airway and systemic inflammation in plasma of 19 healthy copier operators at six Singapore workplaces. We employed a repeated panel design (four biomarker measurements over two weeks) combined with a multi-marker approach (14 inflammatory cytokines in plasma and nasal lavage (NL)), and comprehensive exposure assessment using four distinct exposure metrics. We investigated spatial and temporal patterns of markers of upper airway and systemic inflammation and their association with various exposure metrics. Several inflammatory markers, namely fractalkine, IL-1β, and IL-1α in NL, and fractalkine, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in plasma, were strongly and positively associated with at least one exposure metric, whereas GM-CSF was negatively associated. The inflammation score was also strongly associated with TPE nanoparticle exposures. Exposure to TPE emissions induced moderate upper airway inflammation and stronger systemic inflammation in these healthy operators, characterized by upregulation of at least IL-1β, fractalkine, TNF-α and IFN-γ. Proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-1β play an important role in orchestrating inflammatory responses in various clinical conditions, including cardiovascular and autoimmune disease, and likely trigger activation of endothelial cells, leading to overexpression of fractalkine, a chemokine that is involved in and associated with multiple disorders, including atherosclerosis and vascular disease. Future larger-scale epidemiological studies in these workers and consumers exposed chronically to TPE nanoparticle emissions and proactive interventions to reduce or eliminate TPE exposures are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhimiter Bello
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Bldg 1, Rm 1310B, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 883 Broadway Street, Dugan 108-C, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
| | - Lucia Chanetsa
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 883 Broadway Street, Dugan 108-C, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Costas A Cristophi
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Arch. Kyprianos Str. 3036 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Tuang Yeow Poh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, 308232, Singapore
| | - Dilpreet Singh
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Bldg 1, Rm 1310B, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Magdiel Inggrid Setyawati
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N4.1, #01-21, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - David Christiani
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Bldg 1, Rm 1310B, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sanjay H Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, 308232, Singapore
| | - Kee Woei Ng
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Bldg 1, Rm 1310B, Boston, MA 02115, USA; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N4.1, #01-21, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore; Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institution, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Bldg 1, Rm 1310B, Boston, MA 02115, USA; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N4.1, #01-21, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
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19
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Ngamsri KC, Gamper-Tsigaras J, Reutershan J, Konrad FM. Fractalkine Is Linked to the Necrosome Pathway in Acute Pulmonary Inflammation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:591790. [PMID: 33791319 PMCID: PMC8006293 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.591790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pulmonary inflammation affects over 10% of intensive care unit (ICU) patients and is associated with high mortality. Fractalkine (CX3CL1) and its receptor, CX3CR1, have been shown to affect pulmonary inflammation, but previous studies have focused on macrophages. In a murine model of acute pulmonary inflammation, we identified inflammatory hallmarks in C57BL/6J and CX3CR1−/− mice. Pulmonary inflammation was significantly enhanced in the CX3CR1−/− animals compared to the C57BL/6J animals, as assessed by microvascular permeability, polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) migration into lung tissue and alveolar space. The CX3CR1−/− mice showed increased levels of apoptotic PMNs in the lungs, and further investigations revealed an increased activation of necrosome-related receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinases 1 (RIPK1), 3 (RIPK3), and mixed-lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL). Phosphorylated MLKL leads to membrane rupture and damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) release, which further enhance inflammation. The release of DAMPs was significantly higher in the CX3CR1−/− mice and led to the activation of various cascades, explaining the increased inflammation. RIPK3 and MLKL inhibition improved the inflammatory response in human PMNs in vitro and confirmed our in vivo findings. In conclusion, we linked CX3CL1 to the necrosome complex in pulmonary inflammation and demonstrated a pivotal role of the necrosome complex in human PMNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian-Christos Ngamsri
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jutta Gamper-Tsigaras
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Reutershan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Franziska M Konrad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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20
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CX3CR1 Depletion Promotes the Formation of Platelet-Neutrophil Complexes and Aggravates Acute Peritonitis. Shock 2021; 56:287-297. [PMID: 33481549 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritonitis is a life-threatening condition on intensive care units. Inflammatory cytokines and their receptors drive inflammation, cause the formation of platelet-neutrophil complexes (PNCs) and therefore the migration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) into the inflamed tissue. CX3CL1 and its receptor CX3CR1 are expressed in various cells, and promote inflammation. The shedding of CX3CL1 is mediated by a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) 17. The role of the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis in acute peritonitis remains elusive. METHODS In zymosan-induced peritonitis, we determined the formation of PNCs in the blood and the expression of PNC-related molecules on PNCs. PMN migration into the peritoneal lavage was evaluated in wild-type (WT) and CX3CR1-/- animals by flow cytometry. CX3CL1, ADAM17, and the expression of various inflammatory cytokines were detected. Further, we determined the inflammation-associated activation of the intracellular transcription factor extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) by Western blot. RESULTS The PMN accumulation in the peritoneal lavage and the PNC formation in the circulation were significantly raised in CX3CR1-/- compared with WT animals. The expression of PNC-related selectins on PNCs was significantly increased in the blood of CX3CR1-/- animals, as well as cytokine levels. Further, we observed an increased activation of ERK1/2 and elevated ADAM17 expression in CX3CR1-/- during acute inflammation. Selective ERK1/2 inhibition ameliorated inflammation-related increased ADAM17 expression. CONCLUSIONS A CX3CR1 deficiency raised the release of inflammatory cytokines and increased the PNC formation respectively PMN migration via an elevated ERK1/2 activation during acute peritonitis. Further, we observed a link between the ERK1/2 activation and an elevated ADAM17 expression on PNC-related platelets and PMNs during inflammation. Our data thus illustrate a crucial role of CX3CR1 on the formation of PNCs and regulating inflammation in acute peritonitis.
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Coenen DM, Heinzmann ACA, Karel MFA, Cosemans JMEM, Koenen RR. The multifaceted contribution of platelets in the emergence and aftermath of acute cardiovascular events. Atherosclerosis 2021; 319:132-141. [PMID: 33468314 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an underlying cause of a broad array of cardiovascular diseases characterized by plaques, arterial wall thickening initiated by hyperlipidemia, pro-inflammatory signals, endothelial dysfunction and the influx of inflammatory cells. By still incompletely characterized mechanisms, these plaques can destabilize or erode, leading to thrombosis and blood vessel occlusion and becomes clinically manifest as angina pectoris, myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke. Among the several blood cell types that are involved in the development of atherosclerosis, the role of platelets during the thrombotic occlusion of ruptured or eroded plaques is well established and clinically exploited as evident by the extensive use of platelet inhibitors. However, there is increasing evidence that platelets are also involved in the earlier stages of atheroma development by exhibiting pro-inflammatory activities. The scope of this review is to describe the role of platelets in the initiation and propagation stages of atherosclerosis and beyond; in atherothrombotic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniëlle M Coenen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandra C A Heinzmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mieke F A Karel
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Judith M E M Cosemans
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rory R Koenen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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22
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The Identity of Human Tissue-Emigrant CD8 + T Cells. Cell 2020; 183:1946-1961.e15. [PMID: 33306960 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocyte migration is essential for adaptive immune surveillance. However, our current understanding of this process is rudimentary, because most human studies have been restricted to immunological analyses of blood and various tissues. To address this knowledge gap, we used an integrated approach to characterize tissue-emigrant lineages in thoracic duct lymph (TDL). The most prevalent immune cells in human and non-human primate efferent lymph were T cells. Cytolytic CD8+ T cell subsets with effector-like epigenetic and transcriptional signatures were clonotypically skewed and selectively confined to the intravascular circulation, whereas non-cytolytic CD8+ T cell subsets with stem-like epigenetic and transcriptional signatures predominated in tissues and TDL. Moreover, these anatomically distinct gene expression profiles were recapitulated within individual clonotypes, suggesting parallel differentiation programs independent of the expressed antigen receptor. Our collective dataset provides an atlas of the migratory immune system and defines the nature of tissue-emigrant CD8+ T cells that recirculate via TDL.
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23
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Garau G, Joachim S, Duliere GL, Melissopoulou M, Boccar S, Fraipont V, Dugauquier C, Troisfontaines P, Hougrand O, Delvenne P, Hoffer E. Sudden cardiogenic shock mimicking fulminant myocarditis in a surviving teenager affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 8:766-773. [PMID: 33190387 PMCID: PMC7753579 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, myocardial injury is a relatively frequent finding. Progression to cardiogenic shock has been rarely described, especially in healthy young patients. The underlying mechanisms are to date controversial. A previously healthy 18-year-old female teenager affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) developed fulminant cardiogenic shock requiring a prompt extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Cardiac involvement was predominant compared with the pulmonary one. Myocardial biopsies were performed; and in order to clarify the pathophysiology of the acute heart failure, optical and transmission electron microscopy study was realized. Two additional immunohistology techniques were developed in order to (i) detect a SARS-CoV-2 recombinant fusion nucleoprotein by using a specific antibody and (ii) study fractalkine expression induced by activated endothelium because this molecule is well known to be elevated in patients with severe cytokine release syndrome. SARS-CoV-2 genome was not detected in the myocardium. Even if the clinical presentation, laboratory markers, and cardiac imaging techniques strongly suggested fulminant myocarditis, histology and immunohistology were not fully consistent with this diagnosis according to the Dallas criteria. Although rare suspected coronavirus particles were found by transmission electron microscopy in the cardiac endothelium, neither significant immunoreactivity for the viral nucleocapsid protein nor image suggestive of endotheliitis was detected. Intense endothelial immunoreactivity pattern for fractalkine expression was observed. From a clinical point of view, the left ventricular systolic function gradually improved, and the patient survived after a long stay in the intensive care unit. Our observations suggest that a massive cytokine storm induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection was the main cause of the cardiogenic shock, making a direct viral injury pathway very unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Garau
- Department of Cardiology, CHR Citadelle, Bd du 12è de Ligne, Liège, 4000, Belgium
| | - Sabrina Joachim
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, CHR Citadelle, Liège, Belgium
| | - Guy-Loup Duliere
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, CHR Citadelle, Liège, Belgium
| | - Maria Melissopoulou
- Department of Cardiology, CHR Citadelle, Bd du 12è de Ligne, Liège, 4000, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Boccar
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, CHR Citadelle, Liège, Belgium
| | - Vincent Fraipont
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, CHR Citadelle, Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Etienne Hoffer
- Department of Cardiology, CHR Citadelle, Bd du 12è de Ligne, Liège, 4000, Belgium
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24
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Khodadi E. Platelet Function in Cardiovascular Disease: Activation of Molecules and Activation by Molecules. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2020; 20:1-10. [PMID: 31784932 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-019-09555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Globally, one of the major causes of death is the cardiovascular disease (CVD), and platelets play an important role in thrombosis and atherosclerosis that led to death. Platelet activation can be done by different molecules, genes, pathways, and chemokines. Lipids activate platelets by inflammatory factors, and platelets are activated by receptors of peptide hormones, signaling and secreted proteins, microRNAs (miRNAs), and oxidative stress which also affect the platelet activation in older age. In addition, surface molecules on platelets can interact with other cells and chemokines in activated platelets and cause inflammation thrombosis events and CVD. However, these molecules activating platelets or being activated by platelets can be suggested as the markers to predict the clinical outcome of CVD and can be targeted to reduce thrombosis and atherosclerosis. However, hindering these molecules by other factors such as genes and receptors can reduce platelet activation and aggregation and targeting these molecules can control platelet interactions, thrombosis, and CVD. In addition, dual therapy with the receptor blockers and novel drugs results in better management of CVD patients. Overall, our review will emphasize on the molecules involved in the activation of platelets and on the molecules that are activated by platelets in CVD and discuss the molecules that can be blocked or targeted to reduce the thrombosis events and control CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Khodadi
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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25
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Rawish E, Nording H, Münte T, Langer HF. Platelets as Mediators of Neuroinflammation and Thrombosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:548631. [PMID: 33123127 PMCID: PMC7572851 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.548631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond platelets function in hemostasis, there is emerging evidence to suggest that platelets contribute crucially to inflammation and immune responses. Therefore, considering the detrimental role of inflammatory conditions in severe neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis or stroke, this review outlines platelets involvement in neuroinflammation. For this, distinct mechanisms of platelet-mediated thrombosis and inflammation are portrayed, focusing on the interaction of platelet receptors with other immune cells as well as brain endothelial cells. Furthermore, we draw attention to the intimate interplay between platelets and the complement system as well as between platelets and plasmatic coagulation factors in the course of neuroinflammation. Following the thorough exposition of preclinical approaches which aim at ameliorating disease severity after inducing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (a counterpart of multiple sclerosis in mice) or brain ischemia-reperfusion injury, the clinical relevance of platelet-mediated neuroinflammation is addressed. Thus, current as well as future propitious translational and clinical strategies for the treatment of neuro-inflammatory diseases by affecting platelet function are illustrated, emphasizing that targeting platelet-mediated neuroinflammation could become an efficient adjunct therapy to mitigate disease severity of multiple sclerosis or stroke associated brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Rawish
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henry Nording
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas Münte
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Clinic for Neurology, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Harald F Langer
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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26
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Dehghani T, Panitch A. Endothelial cells, neutrophils and platelets: getting to the bottom of an inflammatory triangle. Open Biol 2020; 10:200161. [PMID: 33050789 PMCID: PMC7653352 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fibrotic and thrombotic events permeate the healthcare system, causing suffering for millions of patients with inflammatory disorders. As late-state consequences of chronic inflammation, fibrosis and thrombosis are the culmination of pathological interactions of activated endothelium, neutrophils and platelets after vessel injury. Coupling of these three cell types ensures a pro-coagulant, cytokine-rich environment that promotes the capture, activation and proliferation of circulating immune cells and recruitment of key pro-fibrotic cell types such as myofibroblasts. As the first responders to sterile inflammatory injury, it is important to understand how endothelial cells, neutrophils and platelets help create this environment. There has been a growing interest in this intersection over the past decade that has helped shape the development of therapeutics to target these processes. Here, we review recent insights into how neutrophils, platelets and endothelial cells guide the development of pathological vessel repair that can also result in underlying tissue fibrosis. We further discuss recent efforts that have been made to translate this knowledge into therapeutics and provide perspective as to how a compound or combination therapeutics may be most efficacious when tackling fibrosis and thrombosis that is brought upon by chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alyssa Panitch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, GBSF 2303, Davis, CA, USA
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27
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Yang T, Guo L, Chen L, Li J, Li Q, Pi Y, Zhu J, Zhang L. A novel role of FKN/CX3CR1 in promoting osteogenic transformation of VSMCs and atherosclerotic calcification. Cell Calcium 2020; 91:102265. [PMID: 32814243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fractalkine (FKN) and its specific receptor CX3CR1 play a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis including recruitment of vascular cells and the development of inflammation. However, its contribution to regulating the development of atherosclerotic calcification has not been well documented. Osteogenic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is critical in the development of calcification in atherosclerotic lesions. In this study, for the first time, we evaluated the effect of FKN/CX3CR1 on the progression of VSMCs calcification and defined molecular signaling that is operative in the FKN/CX3CR1-induced osteogenic transformation of VSMCs. We found that high-fat diet induced atherosclerotic calcification in vivo was markedly inhibited in the Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and CX3CR1 deficient (ApoE-/-/CX3CR1-/-) mice compared with their control littermates. FKN and CX3CR1 were both expressed in VSMCs and up-regulated by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). FKN/CX3CR1 promoted the expression of osteogenic markers, including osteopontin (OPN), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and decreased VSMCs markers, including smooth muscle (SM) α-actin and SM22-α in a dose-dependent manner. The essential role of FKN/CX3CR1 in VSMCs calcification was further confirmed by lentivirus-mediated knockdown or overexpression of CX3CR1 blocked or accelerated osteogenic transformation of VSMCs. This response was associated with reciprocal up- and down-regulation of osteogenic factor, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), transcription factors in osteoclast differentiation, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK), RANK ligand (RNAKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), respectively. Inhibition of FKN/CX3CR1-activated Jak2/Stat3 signaling by the Jak/Stat inhibitor AG490 blocked osteogenic transformation of VSMCs and RUNX2 induction concurrently. Taken together, our data uncovered novel roles of FKN/CX3CR1 in promoting VSMC osteogenic transformation and atherosclerotic calcification by activating RUNX2 through Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway and suppressing OPG. Our findings suggest that targeting FKN/CX3CR1 may provide new strategies for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lu Guo
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lizhao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jingcheng Li
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yan Pi
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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28
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Nording H, Baron L, Langer HF. Platelets as therapeutic targets to prevent atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2020; 307:97-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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29
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Abstract
During inflammatory response, blood leukocytes adhere to the endothelium. This process involves numerous adhesion molecules, including a transmembrane chemokine, CX3CL1, which behaves as a molecular cluster. How this cluster assembles and whether this association has a functional role remain unknown. The analysis of CX3CL1 clusters using native electrophoresis and single molecule fluorescence kinetics shows that CX3CL1 is a homo-oligomer of 3 to 7 monomers. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching assays reveal that the CX3CL1-transmembrane domain peptide self-associates in both cellular and acellular lipid environments, while its random counterpart (i.e. peptide with the same residues in a different order) does not. This strongly indicates that CX3CL1 oligomerization is driven by its intrinsic properties. According to the molecular modeling, CX3CL1 does not associate in compact bundles but rather with monomers linearly assembled side by side. Finally, the CX3CL1 transmembrane peptide inhibits both the CX3CL1 oligomerization and the adhesive function, while its random counterpart does not. This demonstrates that CX3CL1 oligomerization is mandatory for its adhesive potency. Our results provide a new direction to control CX3CL1-dependent cellular adherence in key immune processes.
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30
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Susanto O, Hickey MJ. Using imaging to study inflammatory platelet–leukocyte interactions in vivo. Platelets 2020; 31:610-617. [DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1718632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Susanto
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, Australia
| | - Michael J. Hickey
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, Australia
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31
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Chamera K, Trojan E, Szuster-Głuszczak M, Basta-Kaim A. The Potential Role of Dysfunctions in Neuron-Microglia Communication in the Pathogenesis of Brain Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:408-430. [PMID: 31729301 PMCID: PMC7457436 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666191113101629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The bidirectional communication between neurons and microglia is fundamental for the proper functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). Chemokines and clusters of differentiation (CD) along with their receptors represent ligand-receptor signalling that is uniquely important for neuron - microglia communication. Among these molecules, CX3CL1 (fractalkine) and CD200 (OX-2 membrane glycoprotein) come to the fore because of their cell-type-specific localization. They are principally expressed by neurons when their receptors, CX3CR1 and CD200R, respectively, are predominantly present on the microglia, resulting in the specific axis which maintains the CNS homeostasis. Disruptions to this balance are suggested as contributors or even the basis for many neurological diseases. In this review, we discuss the roles of CX3CL1, CD200 and their receptors in both physiological and pathological processes within the CNS. We want to underline the critical involvement of these molecules in controlling neuron - microglia communication, noting that dysfunctions in their interactions constitute a key factor in severe neurological diseases, such as schizophrenia, depression and neurodegeneration-based conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Chamera
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St. 31-343Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Trojan
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St. 31-343Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szuster-Głuszczak
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St. 31-343Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Basta-Kaim
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St. 31-343Kraków, Poland
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32
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Hirono K, Imaizumi T, Aizawa T, Watanabe S, Tsugawa K, Shiratori T, Kawaguchi S, Seya K, Matsumiya T, Ito E, Tanaka H. Endothelial expression of fractalkine (CX3CL1) is induced by Toll-like receptor 3 signaling in cultured human glomerular endothelial cells. Mod Rheumatol 2019; 30:1074-1081. [PMID: 31625434 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2019.1682768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Endothelial expression of membrane-bound fractalkine/CX3CL1 (Fkn) reportedly acts as a strong mediator of inflammation. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) axes are thought to play some roles in the development of chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) including lupus nephritis (LN). However, detailed mechanism of TLR3-mediated Fkn expression in glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) remains to be elucidated.Methods: We examined the effect of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly IC) on Fkn expression in cultured human GECs. Fkn mRNA and protein levels were quantified by real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. To further elucidate the effects of poly IC on this signaling pathway, we used small-interfering RNA (siRNA) to knockdown expression of TLR3, nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65, interferon (IFN)-β, and IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). We then analyzed whether pretreatment of chloroquine or dexamethasone (DEX) inhibits poly IC-induced Fkn expression.Results: We found that poly IC-induced Fkn expression in GECs, and that this involved NF-κB, IFN-β, and IRF3. Pretreating cells with chloroquine, but not DEX attenuated poly IC-induced Fkn expression in GECs.Conclusion: Since the activation of TLR3/NF-κB/IFN-β/Fkn and TLR3/IRF3/Fkn axes is involved in inflammatory reactions in GECs, intervention of glomerular TLR3 signaling may be a suitable therapeutic strategy for treating CGN especially LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Hirono
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tadaatsu Imaizumi
- Department of Vascular Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tomomi Aizawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shojiro Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Koji Tsugawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan
| | | | - Shogo Kawaguchi
- Department of Vascular Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Seya
- Department of Vascular Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tomoh Matsumiya
- Department of Vascular Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan.,Department of School Health Science, Faculty of Education, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
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33
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Mezger M, Nording H, Sauter R, Graf T, Heim C, von Bubnoff N, Ensminger SM, Langer HF. Platelets and Immune Responses During Thromboinflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1731. [PMID: 31402914 PMCID: PMC6676797 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides mediating hemostatic functions, platelets are increasingly recognized as important players of inflammation. Data from experiments in mice and men revealed various intersection points between thrombosis, hemostasis, and inflammation, which are addressed and discussed in this review in detail. One such example is the intrinsic coagulation cascade that is initiated after platelet activation thereby further propagating and re-enforcing wound healing or thrombus formation but also contributing to the pathophysiology of severe diseases. FXII of the intrinsic pathway connects platelet activation with the coagulation cascade during immune reactions. It can activate the contact system thereby either creating an inflammatory state or accelerating inflammation. Recent insights into platelet biology could show that platelets are equipped with complement receptors. Platelets are important for tissue remodeling after injury has been inflicted to the endothelial barrier and to the subendothelial tissue. Thus, platelets are increasingly recognized as more than just cells relevant for bleeding arrest. Future insights into platelet biology are to be expected. This research will potentially offer novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention in diseases featuring platelet abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Mezger
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henry Nording
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Reinhard Sauter
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tobias Graf
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Heim
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nikolas von Bubnoff
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stephan M Ensminger
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Vascular Surgery, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Harald F Langer
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
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34
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Gawaz M, Borst O. The Role of Platelets in Atherothrombosis. Platelets 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-813456-6.00026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Finsterbusch M, Norman MU, Hall P, Kitching AR, Hickey MJ. Platelet retention in inflamed glomeruli occurs via selective prolongation of interactions with immune cells. Kidney Int 2018; 95:363-374. [PMID: 30522769 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-leukocyte interactions promote acute glomerulonephritis. However, neither the nature of the interactions between platelets and immune cells nor the capacity of platelets to promote leukocyte activation has been characterized in this condition. We used confocal intravital microscopy to define the interactions of platelets with neutrophils, monocytes, and endothelial cells in glomerular capillaries in mice. In the absence of inflammation, platelets underwent rapid on/off interactions with immune cells. During glomerulonephritis induced by in situ immune complex formation, platelets that interacted with neutrophils or monocytes, but not with other intraglomerular cells, were retained in the glomerulus for prolonged durations. Depletion of platelets inhibited both neutrophil recruitment and activation. Inhibition of platelet activating factor reduced neutrophil recruitment without impacting reactive oxygen species generation, while blocking CXC chemokine ligand 7 (CXCL7) reduced both responses. In contrast, inhibition of the adenosine diphosphate and thromboxane A2 pathways inhibited neutrophil reactive oxygen species generation without affecting neutrophil adhesion. Thus, platelet retention in glomerular capillaries following immune complex deposition stems from prolongation of platelet interactions with immune cells but not other substrates. Pro-inflammatory mediators play divergent roles in promoting neutrophil retention and activation in glomerular capillaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Finsterbusch
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Ursula Norman
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pam Hall
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Richard Kitching
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael J Hickey
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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Scherlinger M, Guillotin V, Truchetet ME, Contin-Bordes C, Sisirak V, Duffau P, Lazaro E, Richez C, Blanco P. Systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis: All roads lead to platelets. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:625-635. [PMID: 29635077 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and systemic sclerosis (SSc) are two phenotypically distincts inflammatory systemic diseases. However, SLE and SSc share pathogenic features such as interferon signature, loss of tolerance against self-nuclear antigens and increased tissue damage such as fibrosis. Recently, platelets have emerged as a major actor in immunity including auto-immune diseases. Both SLE and SSc are characterized by strong platelet system activation, which is likely to be both the witness and culprit in their pathogenesis. Platelet activation pathways are multiple and sometimes redundant. They include immune complexes, Toll-like receptors activation, antiphospholipid antibodies and ischemia-reperfusion associated with Raynaud phenomenon. Once activated, platelet promote immune dysregulation by priming interferon production by immune cells, providing CD40L supporting B lymphocyte functions and providing a source of autoantigens. Platelets are actively implicated in SLE and SSc end-organ damage such as cardiovascular and renal disease and in the promotion of tissue fibrosis. Finally, after understanding the main pathogenic implications of platelet activation in both diseases, we discuss potential therapeutics targeting platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Scherlinger
- Service de Rhumatologie, FHU ACRONIM, Hôpital Pellegrin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Place Amélie Raba Léon, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; CNRS-UMR 5164, ImmunoConcept, Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Vivien Guillotin
- Service de médecine interne, FHU ACRONIM, Hôpital Saint André, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 1 rue Jean Burguet, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; CNRS-UMR 5164, ImmunoConcept, Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Elise Truchetet
- Service de Rhumatologie, FHU ACRONIM, Hôpital Pellegrin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Place Amélie Raba Léon, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; CNRS-UMR 5164, ImmunoConcept, Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Cécile Contin-Bordes
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunogénétique, FHU ACRONIM, Hôpital Pellegrin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Place Amélie Raba Léon, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; CNRS-UMR 5164, ImmunoConcept, Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Vanja Sisirak
- Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; CNRS-UMR 5164, ImmunoConcept, Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Duffau
- Service de médecine interne, FHU ACRONIM, Hôpital Saint André, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 1 rue Jean Burguet, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; CNRS-UMR 5164, ImmunoConcept, Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Estibaliz Lazaro
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunogénétique, FHU ACRONIM, Hôpital Pellegrin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Place Amélie Raba Léon, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; CNRS-UMR 5164, ImmunoConcept, Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Richez
- Service de Rhumatologie, FHU ACRONIM, Hôpital Pellegrin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Place Amélie Raba Léon, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; CNRS-UMR 5164, ImmunoConcept, Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick Blanco
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunogénétique, FHU ACRONIM, Hôpital Pellegrin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Place Amélie Raba Léon, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; CNRS-UMR 5164, ImmunoConcept, Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
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37
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Boulaftali Y, Mawhin M, Jandrot‐Perrus M, Ho‐Tin‐Noé B. Glycoprotein VI in securing vascular integrity in inflamed vessels. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2018; 2:228-239. [PMID: 30046725 PMCID: PMC5974920 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein VI (GPVI), the main platelet receptor for collagen, has been shown to play a central role in various models of thrombosis, and to be a minor actor of hemostasis at sites of trauma. These observations have made of GPVI a novel target for antithrombotic therapy, as its inhibition would ideally combine efficacy with safety. Nevertheless, recent studies have indicated that GPVI could play an important role in preventing bleeding caused by neutrophils in the inflamed skin and lungs. Remarkably, there is evidence that the GPVI-dependent hemostatic function of platelets at the acute phase of inflammation in these organs does not involve aggregation. From a therapeutic perspective, the vasculoprotective action of GPVI in inflammation suggests that blocking of GPVI might bear some risks of bleeding at sites of neutrophil infiltration. In this review, we summarize recent findings on GPVI functions in inflammation and discuss their possible clinical implications and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacine Boulaftali
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational ScienceSorbonne Paris CitéInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Université Paris DiderotParisFrance
| | - Marie‐Anne Mawhin
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational ScienceSorbonne Paris CitéInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Université Paris DiderotParisFrance
| | - Martine Jandrot‐Perrus
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational ScienceSorbonne Paris CitéInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Université Paris DiderotParisFrance
| | - Benoît Ho‐Tin‐Noé
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational ScienceSorbonne Paris CitéInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Université Paris DiderotParisFrance
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Finsterbusch M, Schrottmaier WC, Kral-Pointner JB, Salzmann M, Assinger A. Measuring and interpreting platelet-leukocyte aggregates. Platelets 2018; 29:677-685. [PMID: 29461910 PMCID: PMC6178087 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2018.1430358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Platelets, besides their specialised role in haemostasis and atherothrombosis, actively modulate innate and adaptive immune responses with crucial roles in immune surveillance, inflammation and host defence during infection. An important prerequisite for platelet-mediated changes of immune functions involves direct engagement with different types of leukocytes. Indeed, increased platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLAs) within the circulation and/or locally at the site of inflammation represent markers of many thrombo-inflammatory diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, acute lung injury, renal and cerebral inflammation. Therefore, measurement of PLAs could provide an attractive and easily accessible prognostic and/or diagnostic tool for many diseases. To measure PLAs in different (patho-)physiological settings in human and animal models flow cytometric and microscopic approaches have been applied. These techniques represent complementary tools to study different aspects relating to the involvement of leukocyte subtypes and molecules, as well as location of PLAs within tissues, dynamics of their interactions and/or dynamic changes in leukocyte and platelet behaviour. This review summarises various approaches to measure and interpret PLAs and discusses potential experimental factors influencing platelet binding to leukocytes. Furthermore, we summarise insights gained from studies regarding the underlying mechanism of platelet-leukocyte interactions and discuss implications of these interactions in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Finsterbusch
- a Department for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research , Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Waltraud C Schrottmaier
- a Department for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research , Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Julia B Kral-Pointner
- a Department for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research , Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Manuel Salzmann
- a Department for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research , Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Alice Assinger
- a Department for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research , Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
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Getzin T, Krishnasamy K, Gamrekelashvili J, Kapanadze T, Limbourg A, Häger C, Napp LC, Bauersachs J, Haller H, Limbourg FP. The chemokine receptor CX 3CR1 coordinates monocyte recruitment and endothelial regeneration after arterial injury. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 10:151-159. [PMID: 29229785 PMCID: PMC5801509 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201707502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of arterial endothelium after injury is critical for the maintenance of normal blood flow, cell trafficking, and vascular function. Using mouse models of carotid injury, we show that the transition from a static to a dynamic phase of endothelial regeneration is marked by a strong increase in endothelial proliferation, which is accompanied by induction of the chemokine CX3CL1 in endothelial cells near the wound edge, leading to progressive recruitment of Ly6Clo monocytes expressing high levels of the cognate CX3CR1 chemokine receptor. In Cx3cr1-deficient mice recruitment of Ly6Clo monocytes, endothelial proliferation and regeneration of the endothelial monolayer after carotid injury are impaired, which is rescued by acute transfer of normal Ly6Clo monocytes. Furthermore, human non-classical monocytes induce proliferation of endothelial cells in co-culture experiments in a VEGFA-dependent manner, and monocyte transfer following carotid injury promotes endothelial wound closure in a hybrid mouse model in vivo Thus, CX3CR1 coordinates recruitment of specific monocyte subsets to sites of endothelial regeneration, which promote endothelial proliferation and arterial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Getzin
- Vascular Medicine Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kashyap Krishnasamy
- Vascular Medicine Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jaba Gamrekelashvili
- Vascular Medicine Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tamar Kapanadze
- Vascular Medicine Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne Limbourg
- Vascular Medicine Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Häger
- Vascular Medicine Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - L Christian Napp
- Vascular Medicine Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian P Limbourg
- Vascular Medicine Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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40
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Skoda M, Stangret A, Szukiewicz D. Fractalkine and placental growth factor: A duet of inflammation and angiogenesis in cardiovascular disorders. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 39:116-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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41
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Marques P, Collado A, Escudero P, Rius C, González C, Servera E, Piqueras L, Sanz MJ. Cigarette Smoke Increases Endothelial CXCL16-Leukocyte CXCR6 Adhesion In Vitro and In Vivo. Potential Consequences in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1766. [PMID: 29326688 PMCID: PMC5733535 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major comorbidity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although the mechanism of its development remains largely unknown, it appears to be associated with cigarette consumption and reduced lung function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential link between water-soluble cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced endothelial dysfunction and the function of CXCL16/CXCR6 axis on the initial attachment of leukocytes, in addition to its possible impact on COPD-associated systemic inflammation. To do this, we employed several experimental approaches, including RNA silencing and flow cytometry analysis, the dynamic flow chamber technique, and intravital microscopy in the cremasteric arterioles of animals exposed to cigarette smoke (CS). CSE-induced arterial CXCL16 expression, leading to increased platelet–leukocyte and mononuclear cell adhesiveness. CSE-induced CXCL16 expression was dependent on Nox5 expression and subsequent RhoA/p38 MAPK/NF-κB activation. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that COPD patients (n = 35) presented greater numbers of activated circulating platelets (PAC-1+ and P-selectin+) expressing CXCL16 and CXCR6 as compared with age-matched controls (n = 17), with a higher number of CXCR6+-platelets in the smoking COPD group than in ex-smokers. This correlated with enhanced circulating CXCR6+-platelet–leukocyte aggregates in COPD patients. The increase in circulating numbers of CXCR6-expressing platelets and mononuclear cells resulted in enhanced platelet–leukocyte and leukocyte adhesiveness to CSE-stimulated arterial endothelium, which was greater than that found in age-matched controls and was partly dependent on endothelial CXCL16 upregulation. Furthermore, CS exposure provoked CXCL16-dependent leukocyte–arteriolar adhesion in cremasteric arterioles, which was significantly reduced in animals with a nonfunctional CXCR6 receptor. In conclusion, we provide the first evidence that increased numbers of CXCR6-expressing circulating platelets and mononuclear leukocytes from patients with COPD might be a marker of systemic inflammation with potential consequences in CVD development. Accordingly, CXCL16/CXCR6 axis blockade might constitute a new therapeutic approach for decreasing the risk of CVD in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Marques
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Aida Collado
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paula Escudero
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Rius
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cruz González
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Neumology Unit, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Emilio Servera
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Neumology Unit, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Piqueras
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria-Jesus Sanz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Santos SMD, Blankenbach K, Scholich K, Dörr A, Monsefi N, Keese M, Linke B, Deckmyn H, Nelson K, Harder S. Platelets from flowing blood attach to the inflammatory chemokine CXCL16 expressed in the endothelium of the human vessel wall. Thromb Haemost 2017; 114:297-312. [DOI: 10.1160/th14-11-0911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SummaryEndothelial chemokine CXC motif ligand 16 (CXCL16) expression is associated with atherosclerosis, while platelets, particularly those attaching to atherosclerotic plaque, contribute to all stages of athero-sclerotic disease. This investigation was designed to examine the role of CXCL16 in capturing platelets from flowing blood. CXCL16 was expressed in human atherosclerotic plaques, and lesion severity in human carotid endarterectomy specimens was positively correlated with CXCL16 levels. CXCL16 expression in plaques was co-localised with platelets deposited to the endothelium. Immobilised CXCL16 promoted CXCR6-dependent platelet adhesion to the human vessel wall, endothelial cells and von Willebrand factor during physiologic flow. At low shear, immobilised CXCL16 captured platelets from flowing blood. It also induced irreversible platelet aggregation and a rise in intra-platelet calcium levels. These results demonstrate that endothelial CXCL16’s action on platelets is not only limited to platelet activation, but that immobilised CXCL16 also acts as a potent novel platelet adhesion ligand, inducing platelet adhesion to the human vessel wall.
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Flierl U, Schäfer A. Fractalkine – a local inflammatory marker aggravating platelet activation at the vulnerable plaque. Thromb Haemost 2017; 108:457-63. [DOI: 10.1160/th12-04-0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
SummaryChemokines play an important role in inducing chemotaxis of cells, piloting white blood cells in immune surveillance and are crucial parts in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Platelets are mandatory players in the initiation of atherosclerotic lesion formation and are susceptible targets for and producers of chemokines. Several chemokine receptors on platelets have been described previously, amongst them CX3CR1, the receptor for fractalkine. The unique chemokine fractalkine (CX3CL1, FKN) exists as a soluble as well as a membrane-anchored glycoprotein. Its essential role in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions and atherosclerosis progression has been impressively described in mouse models. Moreover, fractalkine induces platelet activation and adhesion via a functional fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) expressed on the platelet surface. Platelet activation via the FKN/CX3CR1-axis triggers leukocyte adhesion to activated endothelium, and fractalkine-induced platelet P-selectin is mandatory for leukocyte recruitment under arterial flow conditions. This review summarises the role of fractalkine as a potential local inflammatory mediator which influences platelet activation in the setting of atherosclerosis. Beyond that, aspects of a potential interaction between fractalkine and platelet responsiveness to antiplatelet drugs are described. Furthermore, the possible impact of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) on atherosclerosis progression, platelet activation and fractalkine signalling are discussed.
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44
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Li N. CD4+ T cells in atherosclerosis: Regulation by platelets. Thromb Haemost 2017; 109:980-90. [DOI: 10.1160/th12-11-0819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SummaryAtherosclerosis is an inflammatory and thrombotic disease, in which both CD4+ T cells and platelets play important roles throughout all stages of atherogenesis. CD4+ T cells are the most abundant T cells present in atherosclerotic lesions. They are primarily seen as type 1 T helper (Th1) cells, while the other CD4+ T cell subsets Th2, Th17, and regulatory T (Treg) cells are also found in the lesions with lower frequencies. CD4+ T effector cells release various cytokines, which exert paracrine or autocrine effects among different CD4+ T cell subsets and other lesional cells and subsequently modulate inflammatory processes in the lesions. Platelets are instrumental in thrombosis and haemostasis, but also play important regulatory roles in immune response, inflammation, and angiogenesis. The present review summarises the current knowledge and/or understanding on how platelets regulate recruitment, activation, differentiation, and cytokine production of different CD4+ T cell subsets, as well as impacts of the platelet-CD4+ T cell interactions on atherogenesis. The research perspectives of platelet-CD4+ T cell interaction in atherosclerosis are also discussed.
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45
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Platelet interaction with activated endothelium: mechanistic insights from microfluidics. Blood 2017; 130:2819-2828. [PMID: 29018081 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-04-780825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, in vitro flow chamber experiments and in vivo arterial thrombosis studies have been proved to be of vital importance to elucidate the mechanisms of platelet thrombus formation after vessel wall injury. In recent years, it has become clear that platelets also act as modulators of inflammatory processes, such as atherosclerosis. A key element herein is the complex cross talk between platelets, the coagulation system, leukocytes, and the activated endothelium. This review provides insight into the platelet-endothelial interface, based on in vitro flow chamber studies and cross referenced with in vivo thrombosis studies. The main mechanisms of platelet interaction with the activated endothelium encompass (1) platelet rolling via interaction of platelet glycoprotein Ib-IX-V with endothelial-released von Willebrand factor with a supporting role for the P-selectin/P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 axis, followed by (2) firm platelet adhesion to the endothelium via interaction of platelet αIIbβ3 with endothelial αvβ3 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and (3) a stimulatory role for thrombin, the thrombospondin-1/CD36 axis and cyclooxygenase 1 in subsequent platelet activation and stable thrombus formation. In addition, the molecular mechanisms underlying the stimulatory effect of platelets on leukocyte transendothelial migration, a key mediator of atheroprogression, are discussed. Throughout the review, emphasis is placed on recommendations for setting up, reporting, interpreting, and comparing endothelial-lined flow chamber studies and suggestions for future studies.
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Florentin J, Dutta P. Origin and production of inflammatory perivascular macrophages in pulmonary hypertension. Cytokine 2017; 100:11-15. [PMID: 28855075 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid cells, including monocytes and macrophages participate in steady state immune homeostasis and help mount the adaptive immune response during infection. The function and production of these cells in sterile inflammation, such as pulmonary hypertension (PH), is understudied. Emerging data indicate that pulmonary inflammation mediated by lung perivascular macrophages is a key pathogenic driver of pulmonary remodeling leading to increased right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP). However, the origin of these macrophages in pulmonary inflammation is unknown. Inflammatory monocytes, the precursors of pathogenic macrophages, are derived from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) in the bone marrow and spleen during acute and chronic inflammation. Understanding the role of these organs in monocytopoiesis, and the mechanisms of HSPC proliferation and differentiation in PH are important to discover therapeutic targets curbing inflammation. This review will summarize the current limited knowledge of the origin of lung macrophage subsets and over-production of inflammatory monocytes in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Florentin
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Partha Dutta
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Margraf A, Nussbaum C, Rohwedder I, Klapproth S, Kurz ARM, Florian A, Wiebking V, Pircher J, Pruenster M, Immler R, Dietzel S, Kremer L, Kiefer F, Moser M, Flemmer AW, Quackenbush E, von Andrian UH, Sperandio M. Maturation of Platelet Function During Murine Fetal Development In Vivo. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:1076-1086. [PMID: 28428216 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Platelet function has been intensively studied in the adult organism. However, little is known about the function and hemostatic capacity of platelets in the developing fetus as suitable in vivo models are lacking. APPROACH AND RESULTS To examine fetal platelet function in vivo, we generated a fetal thrombosis model and investigated light/dye-induced thrombus formation by intravital microscopy throughout gestation. We observed that significantly less and unstable thrombi were formed at embryonic day (E) 13.5 compared with E17.5. Flow cytometry revealed significantly lower platelet counts in E13.5 versus E17.5 fetuses versus adult controls. In addition, fetal platelets demonstrated changed activation responses of surface adhesion molecules and reduced P-selectin content and mobilization. Interestingly, we also measured reduced levels of the integrin-activating proteins Kindlin-3, Talin-1, and Rap1 during fetal development. Consistently, fetal platelets demonstrated diminished spreading capacity compared with adults. Transfusion of adult platelets into the fetal circulation led to rapid platelet aggregate formation even in young fetuses. Yet, retrospective data analysis of a neonatal cohort demonstrated no correlation of platelet transfusion with closure of a persistent ductus arteriosus, a process reported to be platelet dependent. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we demonstrate an ontogenetic regulation of platelet function in vivo with physiologically low platelet numbers and hyporeactivity early during fetal development shedding new light on hemostatic function during fetal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Margraf
- From the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Munich, Germany (A.M., C.N., I.R., S.K., A.R.M.K., A.F., J.P., M.P., R.I., S.D., M.S.); Division of Neonatology, Hauner Children's University Hospital and Perinatal Centre, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany (C.N., A.F., V.W., A.W.F.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany (J.P.); Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (L.K., F.K.); Max PIanck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany (M.M.); Roche Inc, New York, NY (E.Q.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (U.H.v.A.)
| | - Claudia Nussbaum
- From the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Munich, Germany (A.M., C.N., I.R., S.K., A.R.M.K., A.F., J.P., M.P., R.I., S.D., M.S.); Division of Neonatology, Hauner Children's University Hospital and Perinatal Centre, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany (C.N., A.F., V.W., A.W.F.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany (J.P.); Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (L.K., F.K.); Max PIanck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany (M.M.); Roche Inc, New York, NY (E.Q.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (U.H.v.A.)
| | - Ina Rohwedder
- From the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Munich, Germany (A.M., C.N., I.R., S.K., A.R.M.K., A.F., J.P., M.P., R.I., S.D., M.S.); Division of Neonatology, Hauner Children's University Hospital and Perinatal Centre, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany (C.N., A.F., V.W., A.W.F.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany (J.P.); Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (L.K., F.K.); Max PIanck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany (M.M.); Roche Inc, New York, NY (E.Q.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (U.H.v.A.)
| | - Sarah Klapproth
- From the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Munich, Germany (A.M., C.N., I.R., S.K., A.R.M.K., A.F., J.P., M.P., R.I., S.D., M.S.); Division of Neonatology, Hauner Children's University Hospital and Perinatal Centre, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany (C.N., A.F., V.W., A.W.F.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany (J.P.); Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (L.K., F.K.); Max PIanck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany (M.M.); Roche Inc, New York, NY (E.Q.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (U.H.v.A.)
| | - Angela R M Kurz
- From the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Munich, Germany (A.M., C.N., I.R., S.K., A.R.M.K., A.F., J.P., M.P., R.I., S.D., M.S.); Division of Neonatology, Hauner Children's University Hospital and Perinatal Centre, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany (C.N., A.F., V.W., A.W.F.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany (J.P.); Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (L.K., F.K.); Max PIanck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany (M.M.); Roche Inc, New York, NY (E.Q.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (U.H.v.A.)
| | - Annamaria Florian
- From the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Munich, Germany (A.M., C.N., I.R., S.K., A.R.M.K., A.F., J.P., M.P., R.I., S.D., M.S.); Division of Neonatology, Hauner Children's University Hospital and Perinatal Centre, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany (C.N., A.F., V.W., A.W.F.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany (J.P.); Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (L.K., F.K.); Max PIanck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany (M.M.); Roche Inc, New York, NY (E.Q.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (U.H.v.A.)
| | - Volker Wiebking
- From the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Munich, Germany (A.M., C.N., I.R., S.K., A.R.M.K., A.F., J.P., M.P., R.I., S.D., M.S.); Division of Neonatology, Hauner Children's University Hospital and Perinatal Centre, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany (C.N., A.F., V.W., A.W.F.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany (J.P.); Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (L.K., F.K.); Max PIanck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany (M.M.); Roche Inc, New York, NY (E.Q.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (U.H.v.A.)
| | - Joachim Pircher
- From the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Munich, Germany (A.M., C.N., I.R., S.K., A.R.M.K., A.F., J.P., M.P., R.I., S.D., M.S.); Division of Neonatology, Hauner Children's University Hospital and Perinatal Centre, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany (C.N., A.F., V.W., A.W.F.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany (J.P.); Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (L.K., F.K.); Max PIanck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany (M.M.); Roche Inc, New York, NY (E.Q.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (U.H.v.A.)
| | - Monika Pruenster
- From the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Munich, Germany (A.M., C.N., I.R., S.K., A.R.M.K., A.F., J.P., M.P., R.I., S.D., M.S.); Division of Neonatology, Hauner Children's University Hospital and Perinatal Centre, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany (C.N., A.F., V.W., A.W.F.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany (J.P.); Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (L.K., F.K.); Max PIanck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany (M.M.); Roche Inc, New York, NY (E.Q.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (U.H.v.A.)
| | - Roland Immler
- From the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Munich, Germany (A.M., C.N., I.R., S.K., A.R.M.K., A.F., J.P., M.P., R.I., S.D., M.S.); Division of Neonatology, Hauner Children's University Hospital and Perinatal Centre, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany (C.N., A.F., V.W., A.W.F.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany (J.P.); Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (L.K., F.K.); Max PIanck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany (M.M.); Roche Inc, New York, NY (E.Q.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (U.H.v.A.)
| | - Steffen Dietzel
- From the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Munich, Germany (A.M., C.N., I.R., S.K., A.R.M.K., A.F., J.P., M.P., R.I., S.D., M.S.); Division of Neonatology, Hauner Children's University Hospital and Perinatal Centre, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany (C.N., A.F., V.W., A.W.F.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany (J.P.); Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (L.K., F.K.); Max PIanck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany (M.M.); Roche Inc, New York, NY (E.Q.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (U.H.v.A.)
| | - Ludmila Kremer
- From the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Munich, Germany (A.M., C.N., I.R., S.K., A.R.M.K., A.F., J.P., M.P., R.I., S.D., M.S.); Division of Neonatology, Hauner Children's University Hospital and Perinatal Centre, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany (C.N., A.F., V.W., A.W.F.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany (J.P.); Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (L.K., F.K.); Max PIanck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany (M.M.); Roche Inc, New York, NY (E.Q.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (U.H.v.A.)
| | - Friedemann Kiefer
- From the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Munich, Germany (A.M., C.N., I.R., S.K., A.R.M.K., A.F., J.P., M.P., R.I., S.D., M.S.); Division of Neonatology, Hauner Children's University Hospital and Perinatal Centre, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany (C.N., A.F., V.W., A.W.F.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany (J.P.); Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (L.K., F.K.); Max PIanck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany (M.M.); Roche Inc, New York, NY (E.Q.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (U.H.v.A.)
| | - Markus Moser
- From the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Munich, Germany (A.M., C.N., I.R., S.K., A.R.M.K., A.F., J.P., M.P., R.I., S.D., M.S.); Division of Neonatology, Hauner Children's University Hospital and Perinatal Centre, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany (C.N., A.F., V.W., A.W.F.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany (J.P.); Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (L.K., F.K.); Max PIanck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany (M.M.); Roche Inc, New York, NY (E.Q.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (U.H.v.A.)
| | - Andreas W Flemmer
- From the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Munich, Germany (A.M., C.N., I.R., S.K., A.R.M.K., A.F., J.P., M.P., R.I., S.D., M.S.); Division of Neonatology, Hauner Children's University Hospital and Perinatal Centre, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany (C.N., A.F., V.W., A.W.F.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany (J.P.); Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (L.K., F.K.); Max PIanck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany (M.M.); Roche Inc, New York, NY (E.Q.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (U.H.v.A.)
| | - Elizabeth Quackenbush
- From the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Munich, Germany (A.M., C.N., I.R., S.K., A.R.M.K., A.F., J.P., M.P., R.I., S.D., M.S.); Division of Neonatology, Hauner Children's University Hospital and Perinatal Centre, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany (C.N., A.F., V.W., A.W.F.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany (J.P.); Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (L.K., F.K.); Max PIanck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany (M.M.); Roche Inc, New York, NY (E.Q.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (U.H.v.A.)
| | - Ulrich H von Andrian
- From the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Munich, Germany (A.M., C.N., I.R., S.K., A.R.M.K., A.F., J.P., M.P., R.I., S.D., M.S.); Division of Neonatology, Hauner Children's University Hospital and Perinatal Centre, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany (C.N., A.F., V.W., A.W.F.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany (J.P.); Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (L.K., F.K.); Max PIanck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany (M.M.); Roche Inc, New York, NY (E.Q.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (U.H.v.A.)
| | - Markus Sperandio
- From the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Munich, Germany (A.M., C.N., I.R., S.K., A.R.M.K., A.F., J.P., M.P., R.I., S.D., M.S.); Division of Neonatology, Hauner Children's University Hospital and Perinatal Centre, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany (C.N., A.F., V.W., A.W.F.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany (J.P.); Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (L.K., F.K.); Max PIanck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany (M.M.); Roche Inc, New York, NY (E.Q.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (U.H.v.A.).
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48
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Echtler K, Konrad I, Lorenz M, Schneider S, Hofmaier S, Plenagl F, Stark K, Czermak T, Tirniceriu A, Eichhorn M, Walch A, Enders G, Massberg S, Schulz C. Platelet GPIIb supports initial pulmonary retention but inhibits subsequent proliferation of melanoma cells during hematogenic metastasis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172788. [PMID: 28253287 PMCID: PMC5333841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets modulate the process of cancer metastasis. However, current knowledge on the direct interaction of platelets and tumor cells is mostly based on findings obtained in vitro. We addressed the role of the platelet fibrinogen receptor glycoprotein IIb (integrin αIIb) for experimental melanoma metastasis in vivo. Highly metastatic B16-D5 melanoma cells were injected intravenously into GPIIb-deficient (GPIIb-/-) or wildtype (WT) mice. Acute accumulation of tumor cells in the pulmonary vasculature was assessed in real-time by confocal videofluorescence microscopy. Arrest of tumor cells was dramatically reduced in GPIIb-/- mice as compared to WT. Importantly, we found that mainly multicellular aggregates accumulated in the pulmonary circulation of WT, instead B16-D5 aggregates were significantly smaller in GPIIb-/- mice. While pulmonary arrest of melanoma was clearly dependent on GPIIb in this early phase of metastasis, we also addressed tumor progression 10 days after injection. Inversely, and unexpectedly, we found that melanoma metastasis was now increased in GPIIb-/- mice. In contrast, GPIIb did not regulate local melanoma proliferation in a subcutaneous tumor model. Our data suggest that the platelet fibrinogen receptor has a differential role in the modulation of hematogenic melanoma metastasis. While platelets clearly support early steps in pulmonary metastasis via GPIIb-dependent formation of platelet-tumor-aggregates, at a later stage its absence is associated with an accelerated development of melanoma metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Echtler
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Walter-Brendel-Zentrum für Experimentelle Medizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Ildiko Konrad
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Walter-Brendel-Zentrum für Experimentelle Medizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Lorenz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Walter-Brendel-Zentrum für Experimentelle Medizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Schneider
- Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hofmaier
- Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Plenagl
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Walter-Brendel-Zentrum für Experimentelle Medizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Konstantin Stark
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Walter-Brendel-Zentrum für Experimentelle Medizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Czermak
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Walter-Brendel-Zentrum für Experimentelle Medizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Anca Tirniceriu
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Walter-Brendel-Zentrum für Experimentelle Medizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Eichhorn
- Walter-Brendel-Zentrum für Experimentelle Medizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Chirurgische Klinik, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Axel Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Georg Enders
- Walter-Brendel-Zentrum für Experimentelle Medizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Massberg
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Walter-Brendel-Zentrum für Experimentelle Medizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Walter-Brendel-Zentrum für Experimentelle Medizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Downregulation of CX 3CR1 ameliorates experimental colitis: evidence for CX 3CL1-CX 3CR1-mediated immune cell recruitment. Int J Colorectal Dis 2017; 32:315-324. [PMID: 27942903 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-016-2735-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inflammatory conditions like inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by increased immune cell infiltration. The chemokine ligand CX3CL1 and its receptor CX3CR1 have been shown to be involved in leukocyte adhesion, transendothelial recruitment, and chemotaxis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe CX3CL1-CX3CR1-mediated signaling in the induction of immune cell recruitment during experimental murine colitis. METHODS Acute colitis was induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), and sepsis was induced by injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Serum concentrations of CX3CR1 and CX3CL1 were measured by ELISA. Wild-type and CX3CR1-/- mice were challenged with DSS, and on day 6, intravital microscopy was performed to monitor colonic leukocyte and platelet recruitment. Intestinal inflammation was assessed by disease activity, histopathology, and neutrophil infiltration. RESULTS CX3CR1 was upregulated in DSS colitis and LPS-induced sepsis. CX3CR1-/- mice were protected from disease severity and intestinal injury in DSS colitis, and CX3CR1 deficiency resulted in reduced rolling of leukocytes and platelets. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, we provide evidence for a crucial role of CX3CL1-CX3CR1 in experimental colitis, in particular for intestinal leukocyte recruitment during murine colitis. Our findings suggest that CX3CR1 blockade represents a potential therapeutic strategy for treatment of IBD.
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50
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis and its late sequels are still the number one cause of death in Western societies. Platelets are a driving force not only during the genesis of atherosclerosis, but especially in its late stages, as evidenced by complications such as arterial thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and ischaemic stroke. Platelets are small, anucleate blood elements of critical importance in cardiovascular disease, a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Numerous risk scores exist to identify healthy individuals at increased risk of developing atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. However, markers of cardiovascular risk not routinely assessed (i.e. platelet activity, mean platelet volume and P-selectin) may also contribute to be useful in calculating cardiovascular risk. The present review and meta-analysis summarizes the evidence for measuring platelet function indices to identify patients at risk of developing cardiovascular events.
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