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Lee JW, Lee CS, Son H, Lee J, Kang M, Chai J, Cho HJ, Kim HS. SOX17-mediated LPAR4 expression plays a pivotal role in cardiac development and regeneration after myocardial infarction. Exp Mol Med 2023:10.1038/s12276-023-01025-w. [PMID: 37394586 PMCID: PMC10394006 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01025-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 4 (LPAR4) exhibits transient expression at the cardiac progenitor stage during pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived cardiac differentiation. Using RNA sequencing, promoter analyses, and a loss-of-function study in human PSCs, we discovered that SRY-box transcription factor 17 (SOX17) is an essential upstream factor of LPAR4 during cardiac differentiation. We conducted mouse embryo analyses to further verify our human PSC in vitro findings and confirmed the transient and sequential expression of SOX17 and LPAR4 during in vivo cardiac development. In an adult bone marrow transplantation model using LPAR4 promoter-driven GFP cells, we observed two LPAR4+ cell types in the heart following myocardial infarction (MI). Cardiac differentiation potential was shown in heart-resident LPAR4+ cells, which are SOX17+, but not bone marrow-derived infiltrated LPAR4+ cells. Furthermore, we tested various strategies to enhance cardiac repair through the regulation of downstream signals of LPAR4. During the early stages following MI, the downstream inhibition of LPAR4 by a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) blocker improved cardiac function and reduced fibrotic scarring compared to that observed following LPAR4 stimulation. These findings improve our understanding of heart development and suggest novel therapeutic strategies that enhance repair and regeneration after injury by modulating LPAR4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Soo Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - HyunJu Son
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjun Kang
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Chai
- Program in Stem Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lala T, Hall RA. Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors: structure, signaling, physiology, and pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1587-1624. [PMID: 35468004 PMCID: PMC9255715 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00027.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (AGPCRs) are a family of 33 receptors in humans exhibiting a conserved general structure but diverse expression patterns and physiological functions. The large NH2 termini characteristic of AGPCRs confer unique properties to each receptor and possess a variety of distinct domains that can bind to a diverse array of extracellular proteins and components of the extracellular matrix. The traditional view of AGPCRs, as implied by their name, is that their core function is the mediation of adhesion. In recent years, though, many surprising advances have been made regarding AGPCR signaling mechanisms, activation by mechanosensory forces, and stimulation by small-molecule ligands such as steroid hormones and bioactive lipids. Thus, a new view of AGPCRs has begun to emerge in which these receptors are seen as massive signaling platforms that are crucial for the integration of adhesive, mechanosensory, and chemical stimuli. This review article describes the recent advances that have led to this new understanding of AGPCR function and also discusses new insights into the physiological actions of these receptors as well as their roles in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha Lala
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Randy A Hall
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Li X, Wang X, He P, Bennett E, Haggard E, Ma J, Cai C. Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Identifies a Subpopulation of Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells to Promote Angiogenesis and Myocardial Repair. Cells 2022; 11:1713. [PMID: 35626749 PMCID: PMC9139404 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying effective donor cells is one of obstacles that limits cell therapy for heart disease. In this study, we sorted a subpopulation of human mesenchymal progenitor cells (hMPCs) from the right atrial appendage using the low mitochondrial membrane potential. Compared to the non-sorted cells, hMPCs hold the capacity for stemness and enrich mesenchymal stem cell markers. The hMPCs display better ability for survival, faster proliferation, less production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and greater release of cytoprotective cytokines. The hMPCs exhibit decreased expression of senescence genes and increased expression of anti-apoptotic and antioxidant genes. Intramyocardial injection of hMPCs into the infarcted heart resulted in increased left ventricular ejection fraction and reduced cardiac remodeling and infarct size in the group of animals receiving hMPCs. Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicated hMPCs have the potential to differentiate into endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that cell therapy with hMPCs enhances cardiac vascular regeneration and cardiac proliferation, and decreases cardiac cell apoptosis, which is associated with the increased secretion of cytoprotective and pro-angiogenic cytokines. Overall, we discovered a subpopulation of human mesenchymal progenitor cells via their low mitochondrial membrane potential, which might provide an alternative donor cell source for cellular therapy for ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuchun Li
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (X.L.); (X.W.); (E.H.); (J.M.)
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA;
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (X.L.); (X.W.); (E.H.); (J.M.)
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA;
| | - Pan He
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA;
| | - Edward Bennett
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA;
| | - Erin Haggard
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (X.L.); (X.W.); (E.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Jianjie Ma
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (X.L.); (X.W.); (E.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Chuanxi Cai
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (X.L.); (X.W.); (E.H.); (J.M.)
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA;
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Latrophilin-2 is a novel receptor of LRG1 that rescues vascular and neurological abnormalities and restores diabetic erectile function. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:626-638. [PMID: 35562586 PMCID: PMC9166773 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00773-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by inappropriate hyperglycemia, which causes endothelial dysfunction and peripheral neuropathy, ultimately leading to multiple complications. One prevalent complication is diabetic erectile dysfunction (ED), which is more severe and more resistant to treatment than nondiabetic ED. The serum glycoprotein leucine-rich ɑ-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) is a modulator of TGF-β-mediated angiogenesis and has been proposed as a biomarker for a variety of diseases, including DM. Here, we found that the adhesion GPCR latrophilin-2 (LPHN2) is a TGF-β-independent receptor of LRG1. By interacting with LPHN2, LRG1 promotes both angiogenic and neurotrophic processes in mouse tissue explants under hyperglycemic conditions. Preclinical studies in a diabetic ED mouse model showed that LRG1 administration into the penile tissue, which exhibits significantly increased LPHN2 expression, fully restores erectile function by rescuing vascular and neurological abnormalities. Further investigations revealed that PI3K, AKT, and NF-κB p65 constitute the key intracellular signaling pathway of the LRG1/LPHN2 axis, providing important mechanistic insights into LRG1-mediated angiogenesis and nerve regeneration in DM. Our findings suggest that LRG1 can be a potential new therapeutic option for treating aberrant peripheral blood vessels and neuropathy associated with diabetic complications, such as diabetic ED. A protein that initiates multiple tissue repair processes could offer effective treatment for erectile dysfunction arising from diabetes mellitus. High blood sugar levels can lead to serious damage to nerves and blood vessels, with impaired male sexual function one potential consequence. Guo Nan Yinof the Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea, and colleagues have identified a molecular pathway that can be targeted to reverse such damage. They determined that a protein called LRG1 acts on a receptor called LPHN2 to stimulate blood vessel and nerve growth. LPHN2 is highly expressed in the penile tissue of diabetic humans and rodents, and direct injection of LRG1 effectively restored erectile function in mice. The authors hypothesize that this same pathway could also be used for treatments for other diabetic complications, such as chronic wounds.
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Lee CS, Cho HJ, Lee JW, Son HJ, Lee J, Kang M, Kim HS. OUP accepted manuscript. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:332-342. [PMID: 35356977 PMCID: PMC8968580 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovering cell–surface markers based on a comprehensive understanding of development is utilized to isolate a particular cell type with high purity for therapeutic purposes. Given that latrophilin-2 (Lphn2) substantially contributes to cardiac differentiation, we examined whether Lphn2 regulates functional significance in heart development and repair. We performed whole-mount immunostaining followed by clearing technique of embryo, RNA sequencing related to Lphn2-knockout (KO) embryo, and in vivo functional analyses of Lphn2+ cells using echocardiography. After immunostaining the cleared embryo sample, Lphn2 was exclusively observed in cardiac cells expressing α-sarcomeric actinin at embryonic days E9.5 and E10.5. Homozygous Lphn2-KO mice were embryonically lethal and showed underdevelopment of the ventricular myocardium. However, Lphn2 was not required to develop vessels, including endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. For the purpose of cardiac regeneration, we transplanted pluripotent stem cell (PSC)–derived Lphn2+ cells into the infarcted heart. PSC–derived Lphn2+ cells differentiated into cardiomyocytes and regenerated the myocardium when transplanted into the infarcted heart, unlike Lphn2− cells. Transplanted Lphn2+ cells improved left-ventricle systolic function and reduced infarct size. We demonstrated that Lphn2 exhibits potential as a cardiomyogenic marker to facilitate targeted stem cell therapy for heart repair in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon-Soo Lee
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Corresponding author: Hyun-Jai Cho, MD, Ph.D., Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea. Tel: +82 2 2072 3931; Fax: +82 2 3675 0805. E-mail: ;
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Son
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minjun Kang
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Lee CS, Kim J, Cho HJ, Kim HS. Cardiovascular Regeneration via Stem Cells and Direct Reprogramming: A Review. Korean Circ J 2022; 52:341-353. [PMID: 35502566 PMCID: PMC9064703 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2022.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advancements in treatment strategies, cardiovascular disease such as heart failure remains a significant source of global mortality. Stem cell technology and cellular reprogramming are rapidly growing fields that will continue to prove useful in cardiac regenerative therapeutics. This review provides information on the role of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in cardiac regeneration and discusses the practical applications of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (CMCs). Moreover, we discuss the practical applications of hPSC-derived CMCs while outlining the relevance of directly-reprogrammed CMCs in regenerative medicine. This review critically summarizes the most recent advances in the field will help to guide future research in this developing area. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading causes of morbidity and death globally. In particular, a heart failure remains a major problem that contributes to global mortality. Considerable advancements have been made in conventional pharmacological therapies and coronary intervention surgery for cardiac disorder treatment. However, more than 15% of patients continuously progress to end-stage heart failure and eventually require heart transplantation. Over the past year, numerous numbers of protocols to generate cardiomyocytes (CMCs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have been developed and applied in clinical settings. Number of studies have described the therapeutic effects of hPSCs in animal models and revealed the underlying repair mechanisms of cardiac regeneration. In addition, biomedical engineering technologies have improved the therapeutic potential of hPSC-derived CMCs in vivo. Recently substantial progress has been made in driving the direct differentiation of somatic cells into mature CMCs, wherein an intermediate cellular reprogramming stage can be bypassed. This review provides information on the role of hPSCs in cardiac regeneration and discusses the practical applications of hPSC-derived CMCs; furthermore, it outlines the relevance of directly reprogrammed CMCs in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon-Soo Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joonoh Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Lee CS, Cho HJ, Lee JW, Son H, Chai J, Kim HS. Adhesion GPCR Latrophilin-2 Specifies Cardiac Lineage Commitment through CDK5, Src, and P38MAPK. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:868-882. [PMID: 33798451 PMCID: PMC8072181 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying lineage-specific markers is pivotal for understanding developmental processes and developing cell therapies. Here, we investigated the functioning of a cardiomyogenic cell-surface marker, latrophilin-2 (LPHN2), an adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor, in cardiac differentiation. LPHN2 was selectively expressed in cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) and cardiomyocytes (CMCs) during mouse and human pluripotent stem cell (PSC) differentiation; cell sorting with an anti-LPHN2 antibody promoted the isolation of populations highly enriched in CPCs and CMCs. Lphn2 knockdown or knockout PSCs did not express cardiac genes. We used the Phospho Explorer Antibody Array, which encompasses nearly all known signaling pathways, to assess molecular mechanisms underlying LPHN2-induced cardiac differentiation. LPHN2-dependent phosphorylation was the strongest for cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) at Tyr15. We identified CDK5, Src, and P38MAPK as key downstream molecules of LPHN2 signaling. These findings provide a valuable strategy for isolating CPCs and CMCs from PSCs and insights into the still-unknown cardiac differentiation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon-Soo Lee
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - HyunJu Son
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Chai
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Program in Stem Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Program in Stem Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Lee JW, Lee CS, Ryu YR, Lee J, Son H, Cho HJ, Kim HS. Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 4 Is Transiently Expressed during Cardiac Differentiation and Critical for Repair of the Damaged Heart. Mol Ther 2021; 29:1151-1163. [PMID: 33160074 PMCID: PMC7934582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) into cardiac cells is essential for the development of new therapeutic modalities to repair damaged heart tissue. We identified a novel cell surface marker, the G protein-coupled receptor lysophosphatidic acid receptor 4 (LPAR4), specific to cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) and determined its functional significance and therapeutic potential. During in vitro differentiation of mouse and human PSCs toward cardiac lineage, LPAR4 expression peaked after 3−7 days of differentiation in cardiac progenitors and then declined. In vivo, LPAR4 was specifically expressed in the early stage of embryonal heart development, and as development progressed, LPAR4 expression decreased and was non-specifically distributed. We identified the effective agonist octadecenyl phosphate and a p38 MAPK blocker as the downstream signal blocker. Sequential stimulation and inhibition of LPAR4 using these agents enhanced the in vitro efficiency of cardiac differentiation from mouse and human PSCs. Importantly, in vivo, this sequential stimulation and inhibition of LPAR4 reduced the infarct size and rescued heart dysfunction in mice. In conclusion, LPAR4 is a novel CPC marker transiently expressed only in heart during embryo development. Modulation of LPAR4-positive cells may be a promising strategy for repairing myocardium after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Lee
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Soo Lee
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Rim Ryu
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - HyunJu Son
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Witman N, Zhou C, Grote Beverborg N, Sahara M, Chien KR. Cardiac progenitors and paracrine mediators in cardiogenesis and heart regeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 100:29-51. [PMID: 31862220 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian hearts have the least regenerative capabilities among tissues and organs. As such, heart regeneration has been and continues to be the ultimate goal in the treatment against acquired and congenital heart diseases. Uncovering such a long-awaited therapy is still extremely challenging in the current settings. On the other hand, this desperate need for effective heart regeneration has developed various forms of modern biotechnologies in recent years. These involve the transplantation of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac progenitors or cardiomyocytes generated in vitro and novel biochemical molecules along with tissue engineering platforms. Such newly generated technologies and approaches have been shown to effectively proliferate cardiomyocytes and promote heart repair in the diseased settings, albeit mainly preclinically. These novel tools and medicines give somehow credence to breaking down the barriers associated with re-building heart muscle. However, in order to maximize efficacy and achieve better clinical outcomes through these cell-based and/or cell-free therapies, it is crucial to understand more deeply the developmental cellular hierarchies/paths and molecular mechanisms in normal or pathological cardiogenesis. Indeed, the morphogenetic process of mammalian cardiac development is highly complex and spatiotemporally regulated by various types of cardiac progenitors and their paracrine mediators. Here we discuss the most recent knowledge and findings in cardiac progenitor cell biology and the major cardiogenic paracrine mediators in the settings of cardiogenesis, congenital heart disease, and heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Witman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chikai Zhou
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niels Grote Beverborg
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Makoto Sahara
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, CT, USA.
| | - Kenneth R Chien
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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