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Zahavich L, Akilen R, George K, Mital S. Heart Failure with Recovered Ejection Fraction in Patients with Vinculin Loss-of-function Variants. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2023; 16:1303-1309. [PMID: 37548861 PMCID: PMC10721703 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Predictors of myocardial recovery in heart failure (HF) are poorly understood. We explored if vinculin (VCL) variants are associated with myocardial recovery in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Six infants with DCM with a VCL loss-of-function (LOF) variant were identified. Median age at diagnosis was 2 months, median LV ejection fraction was 24%, and median LV end-diastolic diameter z-score was 10.8. All patients received HF medications. Five patients (83%) showed normalization of LV function at a median age of 2.7 years. One patient progressed to end-stage HF requiring heart transplant. This case series identified a unique phenotype of HF with reduced ejection fraction at presentation that evolved to HF with recovered EF in over 80% of infant DCM cases with LOF VCL variants. These findings have prognostic implications for counseling and management of VCL-associated DCM and highlight a possible genetic basis for HF with recovered ejection fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zahavich
- Department of Genetic Counselling, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Labatt Family Heart Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rajadurai Akilen
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristen George
- Labatt Family Heart Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Seema Mital
- Labatt Family Heart Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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2
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Noman AA, Islam MK, Feroz T, Hossain MM, Shakil MSK. A Systems Biology Approach for Investigating Significant Biomarkers and Drug Targets Common Among Patients with Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, and Prostate Cancer: A Pilot Study. Bioinform Biol Insights 2023; 17:11779322231214445. [PMID: 38033384 PMCID: PMC10683397 DOI: 10.1177/11779322231214445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Having a previous history of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) such as gonorrhea and chlamydia increases the chance of developing prostate cancer, the second most frequent malignant cancer among men. However, the molecular functions that cause the development of prostate cancer in persons with gonorrhea and chlamydia are yet unknown. In this study, we studied RNA-seq gene expression profiles using computational biology methods to find out potential biomarkers that could help us in understanding the patho-biological mechanisms of gonorrhea, chlamydia, and prostate cancer. Using statistical methods on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data sets, it was found that a total of 22 distinct differentially expressed genes were shared among these 3 diseases of which 14 were up-regulated (PGRMC1, TSC22D1, SH3BGRL, NNT, CTSC, FRMD3, CCR2, FAM210B, VCL, PTGS1, SLFN11, SLC40A1, PROS1, and DSE) and the remaining 8 genes were down-regulated (PRNP, HINT3, MARCKSL1, TMED10, SH3KBP1, ENSA, DERL1, and KMT2B). Investigation on these 22 unique dysregulated genes using Gene Ontology, BioCarta, KEGG, and Reactome revealed multiple altered molecular pathways, including regulation of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process, ferroptosis, effects on gene expression of Homo sapiens PPAR pathway, and innate immune system R-HSA-168249. Four significant hub proteins namely VCL, SH3KBP1, PRNP, and PGRMC1 were revealed by protein-protein interaction network analysis. By analyzing gene-transcription factors and gene-miRNAs interactions, significant transcription factors (POU2F2, POU2F1, GATA6, and HIVEP1) and posttranscriptional regulator microRNAs (hsa-miR-7-5p) were also identified. Three potential therapeutic compounds namely INCB3284, CCX915, and MLN-1202 were found to interact with up-regulated protein C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) in protein-drug interaction analysis. The proposed biomarkers and therapeutic potential molecules could be investigated for potential pharmacological targets and activity in the fight against in patients with gonorrhea, chlamydia, and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulla Al Noman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Kobirul Islam
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Tasmiah Feroz
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Monir Hossain
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shahariar Kabir Shakil
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
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3
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Dai Y, Ignatyeva N, Xu H, Wali R, Toischer K, Brandenburg S, Lenz C, Pronto J, Fakuade FE, Sossalla S, Zeisberg EM, Janshoff A, Kutschka I, Voigt N, Urlaub H, Rasmussen TB, Mogensen J, Lehnart SE, Hasenfuss G, Ebert A. An Alternative Mechanism of Subcellular Iron Uptake Deficiency in Cardiomyocytes. Circ Res 2023; 133:e19-e46. [PMID: 37313752 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic defects in intestinal iron absorption, circulation, and retention cause iron deficiency in 50% of patients with heart failure. Defective subcellular iron uptake mechanisms that are independent of systemic absorption are incompletely understood. The main intracellular route for iron uptake in cardiomyocytes is clathrin-mediated endocytosis. METHODS We investigated subcellular iron uptake mechanisms in patient-derived and CRISPR/Cas-edited induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes as well as patient-derived heart tissue. We used an integrated platform of DIA-MA (mass spectrometry data-independent acquisition)-based proteomics and signaling pathway interrogation. We employed a genetic induced pluripotent stem cell model of 2 inherited mutations (TnT [troponin T]-R141W and TPM1 [tropomyosin 1]-L185F) that lead to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a frequent cause of heart failure, to study the underlying molecular dysfunctions of DCM mutations. RESULTS We identified a druggable molecular pathomechanism of impaired subcellular iron deficiency that is independent of systemic iron metabolism. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis defects as well as impaired endosome distribution and cargo transfer were identified as a basis for subcellular iron deficiency in DCM-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. The clathrin-mediated endocytosis defects were also confirmed in the hearts of patients with DCM with end-stage heart failure. Correction of the TPM1-L185F mutation in DCM patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells, treatment with a peptide, Rho activator II, or iron supplementation rescued the molecular disease pathway and recovered contractility. Phenocopying the effects of the TPM1-L185F mutation into WT induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes could be ameliorated by iron supplementation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that impaired endocytosis and cargo transport resulting in subcellular iron deficiency could be a relevant pathomechanism for patients with DCM carrying inherited mutations. Insight into this molecular mechanism may contribute to the development of treatment strategies and risk management in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Dai
- Heart Research Center Goettingen, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., S.S., E.M.Z., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., C.L., J.P., F.E.F., E.M.Z., I.K., N.V., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
| | - Nadezda Ignatyeva
- Heart Research Center Goettingen, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., S.S., E.M.Z., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., C.L., J.P., F.E.F., E.M.Z., I.K., N.V., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
| | - Hang Xu
- Heart Research Center Goettingen, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., S.S., E.M.Z., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., C.L., J.P., F.E.F., E.M.Z., I.K., N.V., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
| | - Ruheen Wali
- Heart Research Center Goettingen, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., S.S., E.M.Z., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., C.L., J.P., F.E.F., E.M.Z., I.K., N.V., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
| | - Karl Toischer
- Heart Research Center Goettingen, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., S.S., E.M.Z., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., C.L., J.P., F.E.F., E.M.Z., I.K., N.V., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- Heart Center, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen (K.T., S.B., S.S., G.H.), University of Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sören Brandenburg
- Heart Research Center Goettingen, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., S.S., E.M.Z., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., C.L., J.P., F.E.F., E.M.Z., I.K., N.V., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- Heart Center, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen (K.T., S.B., S.S., G.H.), University of Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christof Lenz
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., C.L., J.P., F.E.F., E.M.Z., I.K., N.V., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, (C.L., H.U.), University of Goettingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC; C.L., F.E.F., N.V., S.E.L.), University of Goettingen, Germany
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Goettingen (C.L., H.U.)
| | - Julius Pronto
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., C.L., J.P., F.E.F., E.M.Z., I.K., N.V., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Goettingen, (J.P., F.E.F., N.V.), University of Goettingen, Germany
| | - Funsho E Fakuade
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., C.L., J.P., F.E.F., E.M.Z., I.K., N.V., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Goettingen, (J.P., F.E.F., N.V.), University of Goettingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC; C.L., F.E.F., N.V., S.E.L.), University of Goettingen, Germany
| | - Samuel Sossalla
- Heart Research Center Goettingen, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., S.S., E.M.Z., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- Heart Center, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen (K.T., S.B., S.S., G.H.), University of Goettingen, Germany
- Department for Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg (S.S.)
| | - Elisabeth M Zeisberg
- Heart Research Center Goettingen, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., S.S., E.M.Z., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., C.L., J.P., F.E.F., E.M.Z., I.K., N.V., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
| | - Andreas Janshoff
- Institute for Physical Chemistry (A.J.), University of Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Kutschka
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., C.L., J.P., F.E.F., E.M.Z., I.K., N.V., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen (I.K.)
| | - Niels Voigt
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., C.L., J.P., F.E.F., E.M.Z., I.K., N.V., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Goettingen, (J.P., F.E.F., N.V.), University of Goettingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC; C.L., F.E.F., N.V., S.E.L.), University of Goettingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, (C.L., H.U.), University of Goettingen, Germany
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Goettingen (C.L., H.U.)
| | | | - Jens Mogensen
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark (J.M.)
| | - Stephan E Lehnart
- Heart Research Center Goettingen, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., S.S., E.M.Z., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., C.L., J.P., F.E.F., E.M.Z., I.K., N.V., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC; C.L., F.E.F., N.V., S.E.L.), University of Goettingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuss
- Heart Research Center Goettingen, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., S.S., E.M.Z., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., C.L., J.P., F.E.F., E.M.Z., I.K., N.V., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- Heart Center, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen (K.T., S.B., S.S., G.H.), University of Goettingen, Germany
| | - Antje Ebert
- Heart Research Center Goettingen, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., S.S., E.M.Z., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., C.L., J.P., F.E.F., E.M.Z., I.K., N.V., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
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4
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Nielsen MS, van Opbergen CJM, van Veen TAB, Delmar M. The intercalated disc: a unique organelle for electromechanical synchrony in cardiomyocytes. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2271-2319. [PMID: 36731030 PMCID: PMC10191137 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00021.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The intercalated disc (ID) is a highly specialized structure that connects cardiomyocytes via mechanical and electrical junctions. Although described in some detail by light microscopy in the 19th century, it was in 1966 that electron microscopy images showed that the ID represented apposing cell borders and provided detailed insight into the complex ID nanostructure. Since then, much has been learned about the ID and its molecular composition, and it has become evident that a large number of proteins, not all of them involved in direct cell-to-cell coupling via mechanical or gap junctions, reside at the ID. Furthermore, an increasing number of functional interactions between ID components are emerging, leading to the concept that the ID is not the sum of isolated molecular silos but an interacting molecular complex, an "organelle" where components work in concert to bring about electrical and mechanical synchrony. The aim of the present review is to give a short historical account of the ID's discovery and an updated overview of its composition and organization, followed by a discussion of the physiological implications of the ID architecture and the local intermolecular interactions. The latter will focus on both the importance of normal conduction of cardiac action potentials as well as the impact on the pathophysiology of arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten S Nielsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chantal J M van Opbergen
- The Leon Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - Toon A B van Veen
- Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Delmar
- The Leon Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
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5
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Migunova E, Rajamani S, Bonanni S, Wang F, Zhou C, Dubrovsky EB. Cardiac RNase Z edited via CRISPR-Cas9 drives heart hypertrophy in Drosophila. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286214. [PMID: 37228086 PMCID: PMC10212119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy (CM) is a group of diseases distinguished by morphological and functional abnormalities in the myocardium. It is etiologically heterogeneous and may develop via cell autonomous and/or non-autonomous mechanisms. One of the most severe forms of CM has been linked to the deficiency of the ubiquitously expressed RNase Z endoribonuclease. RNase Z cleaves off the 3'-trailer of both nuclear and mitochondrial primary tRNA (pre-tRNA) transcripts. Cells mutant for RNase Z accumulate unprocessed pre-tRNA molecules. Patients carrying RNase Z variants with reduced enzymatic activity display a plethora of symptoms including muscular hypotonia, microcephaly and severe heart hypertrophy; still, they die primarily due to acute heart decompensation. Determining whether the underlying mechanism of heart malfunction is cell autonomous or not will provide an opportunity to develop novel strategies of more efficient treatments for these patients. In this study, we used CRISPR-TRiM technology to create Drosophila models that carry cardiomyopathy-linked alleles of RNase Z only in the cardiomyocytes. We found that this modification is sufficient for flies to develop heart hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction. These observations support the idea that the RNase Z linked CM is driven by cell autonomous mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Migunova
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Saathvika Rajamani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Stefania Bonanni
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Edward B. Dubrovsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, United States of America
- Center for Cancer, Genetic Diseases, and Gene Regulation, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, United States of America
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6
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Kaur N, Sharma RK, Singh Kushwah A, Singh N, Thakur S. A Comprehensive Review of Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Pre-clinical Animal Models in Addition to Herbal Treatment Options and Multi-modality Imaging Strategies. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2023; 22:207-225. [PMID: 36734898 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x23666230123122808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is distinguished by ventricular chamber expansion, systolic dysfunction, and normal left ventricular (LV) wall thickness, and is mainly caused due to genetic or environmental factors; however, its aetiology is undetermined in the majority of patients. The focus of this work is on pathogenesis, small animal models, as well as the herbal medicinal approach, and the most recent advances in imaging modalities for patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Several small animal models have been proposed over the last few years to mimic various pathomechanisms that contribute to dilated cardiomyopathy. Surgical procedures, gene mutations, and drug therapies are all characteristic features of these models. The pros and cons, including heart failure stimulation of extensively established small animal models for dilated cardiomyopathy, are illustrated, as these models tend to procure key insights and contribute to the development of innovative treatment techniques for patients. Traditional medicinal plants used as treatment in these models are also discussed, along with contemporary developments in herbal therapies. In the last few decades, accurate diagnosis, proper recognition of the underlying disease, specific risk stratification, and forecasting of clinical outcome, have indeed improved the health of DCM patients. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is the bullion criterion for assessing ventricular volume and ejection fraction in a reliable and consistent direction. Other technologies, like strain analysis and 3D echocardiography, have enhanced this technique's predictive and therapeutic potential. Nuclear imaging potentially helps doctors pinpoint the causative factors of left ventricular dysfunction, as with cardiac sarcoidosis and amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Amar Shaheed Baba Ajit Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial College of Pharmacy, Bela, Ropar, Punjab, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Amar Shaheed Baba Ajit Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial College of Pharmacy, Bela, Ropar, Punjab, India
| | - Ajay Singh Kushwah
- Department of Pharmacology, Amar Shaheed Baba Ajit Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial College of Pharmacy, Bela, Ropar, Punjab, India
| | - Nisha Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Amar Shaheed Baba Ajit Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial College of Pharmacy, Bela, Ropar, Punjab, India
| | - Shilpa Thakur
- Department of Pharmacology, Amar Shaheed Baba Ajit Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial College of Pharmacy, Bela, Ropar, Punjab, India
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Podyacheva E, Toropova Y. SIRT1 activation and its effect on intercalated disc proteins as a way to reduce doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1035387. [PMID: 36408244 PMCID: PMC9672938 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1035387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, the neoplasm is one of the main reasons for morbidity and mortality worldwide. At the same time, application of cytostatic drugs like an independent type of cancer treatment and in combination with surgical methods, is often associated with the development of cardiovascular complications both in the early and in the delayed period of treatment. Doxorubicin (DOX) is the most commonly used cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic. DOX can cause both acute and delayed side effects. The problem is still not solved, as evidenced by the continued activity of researchers in terms of developing approaches for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular complications. It is known, the heart muscle consists of cardiomyocytes connected by intercalated discs (ID), which ensure the structural, electrical, metabolic unity of the heart. Various defects in the ID proteins can lead to the development of cardiovascular diseases of various etiologies, including DOX-induced cardiomyopathy. The search for ways to influence the functioning of ID proteins of the cardiac muscle can become the basis for the creation of new therapeutic approaches to the treatment and prevention of cardiac pathologies. SIRT1 may be an interesting cardioprotective variant due to its wide functional significance. SIRT1 activation triggers nuclear transcription programs that increase the efficiency of cellular, mitochondrial metabolism, increases resistance to oxidative stress, and promotes cell survival. It can be assumed that SIRT1 can not only provide a protective effect at the cardiomyocytes level, leading to an improvement in mitochondrial and metabolic functions, reducing the effects of oxidative stress and inflammatory processes, but also have a protective effect on the functioning of IDs structures of the cardiac muscle.
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8
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Yang Q, Berkman AM, Ezekian JE, Rosamilia M, Rosenfeld JA, Liu P, Landstrom AP. Determining the Likelihood of Disease Pathogenicity Among Incidentally Identified Genetic Variants in Rare Dilated Cardiomyopathy-Associated Genes. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e025257. [PMID: 36129056 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.025257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background As utilization of clinical exome sequencing (ES) has expanded, criteria for evaluating the diagnostic weight of incidentally identified variants are critical to guide clinicians and researchers. This is particularly important in genes associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), which can cause heart failure and sudden death. We sought to compare the frequency and distribution of incidentally identified variants in DCM-associated genes between a clinical referral cohort with those in control and known case cohorts to determine the likelihood of pathogenicity among those undergoing genetic testing for non-DCM indications. Methods and Results A total of 39 rare, non-TTN DCM-associated genes were identified and evaluated from a clinical ES testing referral cohort (n=14 005, Baylor Genetic Laboratories) and compared with a DCM case cohort (n=9442) as well as a control cohort of population variants (n=141 456) derived from the gnomAD database. Variant frequencies in each cohort were compared. Signal-to-noise ratios were calculated comparing the DCM and ES cohort with the gnomAD cohort. The likely pathogenic/pathogenic variant yield in the DCM cohort (8.2%) was significantly higher than in the ES cohort (1.9%). Based on signal-to-noise and correlation analysis, incidental variants found in FLNC, RBM20, MYH6, DSP, ABCC9, JPH2, and NEXN had the greatest chance of being DCM-associated. Conclusions The distribution of pathogenic variants between the ES cohort and the DCM case cohort was gene specific, and variants found in the ES cohort were similar to variants found in the control cohort. Incidentally identified variants in specific genes are more associated with DCM than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC.,Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Amy M Berkman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC
| | - Jordan E Ezekian
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC
| | - Michael Rosamilia
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine and Baylor Genetics Laboratories Houston TX
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine and Baylor Genetics Laboratories Houston TX
| | - Andrew P Landstrom
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC.,Department of Cell Biology Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC
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9
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Shi X, Jiang X, Chen C, Zhang Y, Sun X. The interconnections between the microtubules and mitochondrial networks in cardiocerebrovascular diseases: Implications for therapy. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106452. [PMID: 36116706 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules, a highly dynamic cytoskeleton, participate in many cellular activities including mechanical support, organelles interactions, and intracellular trafficking. Microtubule organization can be regulated by modification of tubulin subunits, microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) or agents modulating microtubule assembly. Increasing studies demonstrate that microtubule disorganization correlates with various cardiocerebrovascular diseases including heart failure and ischemic stroke. Microtubules also mediate intracellular transport as well as intercellular transfer of mitochondria, a power house in cells which produce ATP for various physiological activities such as cardiac mechanical function. It is known to all that both microtubules and mitochondria participate in the progression of cancer and Parkinson's disease. However, the interconnections between the microtubules and mitochondrial networks in cardiocerebrovascular diseases remain unclear. In this paper, we will focus on the roles of microtubules in cardiocerebrovascular diseases, and discuss the interplay of mitochondria and microtubules in disease development and treatment. Elucidation of these issues might provide significant diagnostic value as well as potential targets for cardiocerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjuan Shi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xuan Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Congwei Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoou Sun
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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10
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Sarohi V, Srivastava S, Basak T. A Comprehensive Outlook on Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM): State-Of-The-Art Developments with Special Emphasis on OMICS-Based Approaches. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9060174. [PMID: 35735803 PMCID: PMC9225617 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9060174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains an enigmatic cardiovascular disease (CVD) condition characterized by contractile dysfunction of the myocardium due to dilation of the ventricles. DCM is one of the major forms of CVD contributing to heart failure. Dilation of the left or both ventricles with systolic dysfunction, not explained by known causes, is a hallmark of DCM. Progression of DCM leads to heart failure. Genetic and various other factors greatly contribute to the development of DCM, but the etiology has still remained elusive in a large number of cases. A significant number of studies have been carried out to identify the genetic causes of DCM. These candidate-gene studies revealed that mutations in the genes of the fibrous, cytoskeletal, and sarcomeric proteins of cardiomyocytes result in the development of DCM. However, a significant proportion of DCM patients are idiopathic in nature. In this review, we holistically described the symptoms, causes (in adults and newborns), genetic basis, and mechanistic progression of DCM. Further, we also summarized the state-of-the-art diagnosis, available biomarkers, treatments, and ongoing clinical trials of potential drug regimens. DCM-mediated heart failure is on the rise worldwide including in India. The discovery of biomarkers with a better prognostic value is the need of the hour for better management of DCM-mediated heart failure patients. With the advent of next-generation omics-based technologies, it is now possible to probe systems-level alterations in DCM patients pertaining to the identification of novel proteomic and lipidomic biomarkers. Here, we also highlight the onset of a systems-level study in Indian DCM patients by applying state-of-the-art mass-spectrometry-based “clinical proteomics” and “clinical lipidomics”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Sarohi
- Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)-Mandi, School of Basic Sciences (SBS), Mandi 175075, HP, India; (V.S.); (S.S.)
- BioX Centre, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)-Mandi, Mandi 175075, HP, India
| | - Shriya Srivastava
- Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)-Mandi, School of Basic Sciences (SBS), Mandi 175075, HP, India; (V.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Trayambak Basak
- Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)-Mandi, School of Basic Sciences (SBS), Mandi 175075, HP, India; (V.S.); (S.S.)
- BioX Centre, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)-Mandi, Mandi 175075, HP, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-1905-267826
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11
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Bang ML, Bogomolovas J, Chen J. Understanding the molecular basis of cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H181-H233. [PMID: 34797172 PMCID: PMC8759964 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00562.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Inherited cardiomyopathies are a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide and can be caused by mutations in a wide range of proteins located in different cellular compartments. The present review is based on Dr. Ju Chen's 2021 Robert M. Berne Distinguished Lectureship of the American Physiological Society Cardiovascular Section, in which he provided an overview of the current knowledge on the cardiomyopathy-associated proteins that have been studied in his laboratory. The review provides a general summary of the proteins in different compartments of cardiomyocytes associated with cardiomyopathies, with specific focus on the proteins that have been studied in Dr. Chen's laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Bang
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Milan Unit, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (Milan), Italy
| | - Julius Bogomolovas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ju Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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12
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Drosophila Heart as a Model for Cardiac Development and Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113078. [PMID: 34831301 PMCID: PMC8623483 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila heart, also referred to as the dorsal vessel, pumps the insect blood, the hemolymph. The bilateral heart primordia develop from the most dorsally located mesodermal cells, migrate coordinately, and fuse to form the cardiac tube. Though much simpler, the fruit fly heart displays several developmental and functional similarities to the vertebrate heart and, as we discuss here, represents an attractive model system for dissecting mechanisms of cardiac aging and heart failure and identifying genes causing congenital heart diseases. Fast imaging technologies allow for the characterization of heartbeat parameters in the adult fly and there is growing evidence that cardiac dysfunction in human diseases could be reproduced and analyzed in Drosophila, as discussed here for heart defects associated with the myotonic dystrophy type 1. Overall, the power of genetics and unsuspected conservation of genes and pathways puts Drosophila at the heart of fundamental and applied cardiac research.
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13
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Minnelli C, Cianfruglia L, Laudadio E, Mobbili G, Galeazzi R, Armeni T. Effect of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate on EGFR Signaling and Migration in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111833. [PMID: 34769263 PMCID: PMC8583909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the most well-studied molecular targets in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been shown to be effective in the treatment of advanced NSCLC. Nevertheless, the efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors could be compromised by additional mutations in EGFR and compensatory activations of other pathways. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the main bioactive molecule in green tea, acts as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor toward cancer cells overexpressing EGFR (wild-type). However, little information has been reported on the effect of EGCG on EGFR with activating mutations. In this study, we evaluated the ability of EGCG to inhibit EGFR signaling activation in three different NSCLC cell lines containing wild-type EGFR or EGFR with additional mutations. The effect on proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and vinculin expression was then studied. Overall, our results demonstrate that EGCG polyphenol inhibits cell proliferation and migration in NSCLC cell lines, although with different efficacy and mechanisms. These data may be of interest for an evaluation of the use of EGCG as an adjunct to NSCLC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Minnelli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (G.M.); (R.G.)
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (T.A.)
| | - Laura Cianfruglia
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Emiliano Laudadio
- Department of Science and Engineering of Matter, Environment and Urban Planning, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Mobbili
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (G.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Roberta Galeazzi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (G.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Tatiana Armeni
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (T.A.)
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14
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Migunova E, Theophilopoulos J, Mercadante M, Men J, Zhou C, Dubrovsky EB. ELAC2/RNaseZ-linked cardiac hypertrophy in Drosophila melanogaster. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:271965. [PMID: 34338278 PMCID: PMC8419712 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A severe form of infantile cardiomyopathy (CM) has been linked to mutations in ELAC2, a highly conserved human gene. It encodes Zinc phosphodiesterase ELAC protein 2 (ELAC2), which plays an essential role in the production of mature tRNAs. To establish a causal connection between ELAC2 variants and CM, here we used the Drosophila melanogaster model organism, which carries the ELAC2 homolog RNaseZ. Even though RNaseZ and ELAC2 have diverged in some of their biological functions, our study demonstrates the use of the fly model to study the mechanism of ELAC2-related pathology. We established transgenic lines harboring RNaseZ with CM-linked mutations in the background of endogenous RNaseZ knockout. Importantly, we found that the phenotype of these flies is consistent with the pathological features in human patients. Specifically, expression of CM-linked variants in flies caused heart hypertrophy and led to reduction in cardiac contractility associated with a rare form of CM. This study provides first experimental evidence for the pathogenicity of CM-causing mutations in the ELAC2 protein, and the foundation to improve our understanding and diagnosis of this rare infantile disease. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: A newly established Drosophila model recapitulates key features of human heart pathology linked to mutations in ELAC2, thus providing experimental evidence of the pathogenicity of ELAC2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Migunova
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
| | | | - Marisa Mercadante
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
| | - Jing Men
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63105, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63105, USA
| | - Edward B Dubrovsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA.,Center for Cancer, Genetic diseases, and Gene Regulation, Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
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15
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Disorganization of intercalated discs in dilated cardiomyopathy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11852. [PMID: 34088908 PMCID: PMC8178322 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90502-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a primary myocardial disease, the pathology of which is left ventricular or biventricular dilation and impaired myocardial contractility. The clinical and pathological diagnosis of DCM is difficult, and other cardiac diseases must be ruled out. Several studies have reported pathological findings that are characteristic of DCM, including cardiomyocyte atrophy, nuclear pleomorphism, and interstitial fibrosis, but none of these findings are DCM-specific. In this study, we examined the morphological differences in the intercalated discs (ICDs) between three groups of patients, a DCM group, a chronic heart failure group, and a control group. A total of 22 autopsy cases, including five DCM cases, nine CHF cases and eight control cases, were retrieved from the archives of the Department of Pathology at Akita University, Japan. The morphological differences were examined using multiple methods: macroscopic examination, light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and gene expression analyses. We observed disorganized ICDs, clearly illustrated by N-cadherin immunostaining in the DCM group. "Reduction of N-cadherin immunostaining intensity" and "ICD scattering" was DCM-specific. The results suggest that disorganized ICDs contribute to the development of DCM, and that N-cadherin immunostaining is useful for determining the presence of disorganized ICDs and for the pathological diagnosis of DCM.
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16
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Rangarajan ES, Izard T. The Cryogenic Electron Microscopy Structure of the Cell Adhesion Regulator Metavinculin Reveals an Isoform-Specific Kinked Helix in Its Cytoskeleton Binding Domain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E645. [PMID: 33440717 PMCID: PMC7827843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vinculin and its heart-specific splice variant metavinculin are key regulators of cell adhesion processes. These membrane-bound cytoskeletal proteins regulate the cell shape by binding to several other proteins at cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions. Vinculin and metavinculin link integrin adhesion molecules to the filamentous actin network. Loss of both proteins prevents cell adhesion and cell spreading and reduces the formation of stress fibers, focal adhesions, or lamellipodia extensions. The binding of talin at cell-matrix junctions or of α-catenin at cell-cell junctions activates vinculin and metavinculin by releasing their autoinhibitory head-tail interaction. Once activated, vinculin and metavinculin bind F-actin via their five-helix bundle tail domains. Unlike vinculin, metavinculin has a 68-amino-acid insertion before the second α-helix of this five-helix F-actin-binding domain. Here, we present the full-length cryogenic electron microscopy structure of metavinculin that captures the dynamics of its individual domains and unveiled a hallmark structural feature, namely a kinked isoform-specific α-helix in its F-actin-binding domain. Our identified conformational landscape of metavinculin suggests a structural priming mechanism that is consistent with the cell adhesion functions of metavinculin in response to mechanical and cellular cues. Our findings expand our understanding of metavinculin function in the heart with implications for the etiologies of cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tina Izard
- Cell Adhesion Laboratory, Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA;
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17
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Kanoldt V, Kluger C, Barz C, Schweizer AL, Ramanujam D, Windgasse L, Engelhardt S, Chrostek-Grashoff A, Grashoff C. Metavinculin modulates force transduction in cell adhesion sites. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6403. [PMID: 33335089 PMCID: PMC7747745 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20125-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vinculin is a ubiquitously expressed protein, crucial for the regulation of force transduction in cells. Muscle cells express a vinculin splice-isoform called metavinculin, which has been associated with cardiomyopathies. However, the molecular function of metavinculin has remained unclear and its role for heart muscle disorders undefined. Here, we have employed a set of piconewton-sensitive tension sensors to probe metavinculin mechanics in cells. Our experiments reveal that metavinculin bears higher molecular forces but is less frequently engaged as compared to vinculin, leading to altered force propagation in cell adhesions. In addition, we have generated knockout mice to investigate the consequences of metavinculin loss in vivo. Unexpectedly, these animals display an unaltered tissue response in a cardiac hypertrophy model. Together, the data reveal that the transduction of cell adhesion forces is modulated by expression of metavinculin, yet its role for heart muscle function seems more subtle than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Kanoldt
- Department of Quantitative Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Group of Molecular Mechanotransduction, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Carleen Kluger
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Group of Molecular Mechanotransduction, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christiane Barz
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Group of Molecular Mechanotransduction, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Schweizer
- Department of Quantitative Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Group of Molecular Mechanotransduction, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Deepak Ramanujam
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University of Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas Windgasse
- Department of Quantitative Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Engelhardt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University of Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Chrostek-Grashoff
- Department of Quantitative Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Group of Molecular Mechanotransduction, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Carsten Grashoff
- Department of Quantitative Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Group of Molecular Mechanotransduction, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.
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18
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The intercalated disc: a mechanosensing signalling node in cardiomyopathy. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:931-946. [PMID: 32661904 PMCID: PMC7429531 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00737-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes, the cells generating contractile force in the heart, are connected to each other through a highly specialised structure, the intercalated disc (ID), which ensures force transmission and transduction between neighbouring cells and allows the myocardium to function in synchrony. In addition, cardiomyocytes possess an intrinsic ability to sense mechanical changes and to regulate their own contractile output accordingly. To achieve this, some of the components responsible for force transmission have evolved to sense changes in tension and to trigger a biochemical response that results in molecular and cellular changes in cardiomyocytes. This becomes of particular importance in cardiomyopathies, where the heart is exposed to increased mechanical load and needs to adapt to sustain its contractile function. In this review, we will discuss key mechanosensing elements present at the intercalated disc and provide an overview of the signalling molecules involved in mediating the responses to changes in mechanical force.
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19
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Hawley MH, Almontashiri N, Biesecker LG, Berger N, Chung WK, Garcia J, Grebe TA, Kelly MA, Lebo MS, Macaya D, Mei H, Platt J, Richard G, Ryan A, Thomson KL, Vatta M, Walsh R, Ware JS, Wheeler M, Zouk H, Mason-Suares H, Funke B. An assessment of the role of vinculin loss of function variants in inherited cardiomyopathy. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:1577-1587. [PMID: 32516855 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The ACMG/AMP variant classification framework was intended for highly penetrant Mendelian conditions. While it is appreciated that clinically relevant variants exhibit a wide spectrum of penetrance, accurately assessing and expressing the pathogenicity of variants with lower penetrance can be challenging. The vinculin (VCL) gene illustrates these challenges. Model organism data provide evidence that loss of function of VCL may play a role in cardiomyopathy and aggregate case-control studies suggest low penetrance. VCL loss of function variants, however, are rarely identified in affected probands and therefore there is a paucity of family studies clarifying the clinical significance of individual variants. This study, which aggregated data from >18,000 individuals who underwent gene panel or exome testing for inherited cardiomyopathies, identified 32 probands with VCL loss-of-function variants and confirmed enrichment in probands with dilated cardiomyopathy (odds ratio [OR] = 9.01; confidence interval [CI] = 4.93-16.45). Our data revealed that the majority of these individuals (89.5%) had pediatric onset of disease. Family studies demonstrated that heterozygous loss of function of VCL alone is insufficient to cause cardiomyopathy but that these variants do contribute to disease risk. In conclusion, VCL loss-of-function variants should be reported in a diagnostic setting but need to be clearly distinguished as having lower penetrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan H Hawley
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Naif Almontashiri
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leslie G Biesecker
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Natalie Berger
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, SSM Health St Mary's Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - John Garcia
- Invitae Corporation, San Francisco, California
| | - Theresa A Grebe
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Child Health, Phoenix Children's Hospital, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Melissa A Kelly
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew S Lebo
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Hui Mei
- GeneDx, Inc, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Julia Platt
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - Ashley Ryan
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Child Health, Phoenix Children's Hospital, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Kate L Thomson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Roddy Walsh
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherland
| | - James S Ware
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Harefield, UK
| | - Matthew Wheeler
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Hana Zouk
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Heather Mason-Suares
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Birgit Funke
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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20
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Pirruccello JP, Bick A, Wang M, Chaffin M, Friedman S, Yao J, Guo X, Venkatesh BA, Taylor KD, Post WS, Rich S, Lima JAC, Rotter JI, Philippakis A, Lubitz SA, Ellinor PT, Khera AV, Kathiresan S, Aragam KG. Analysis of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in 36,000 individuals yields genetic insights into dilated cardiomyopathy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2254. [PMID: 32382064 PMCID: PMC7206184 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15823-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an important cause of heart failure and the leading indication for heart transplantation. Many rare genetic variants have been associated with DCM, but common variant studies of the disease have yielded few associated loci. As structural changes in the heart are a defining feature of DCM, we report a genome-wide association study of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived left ventricular measurements in 36,041 UK Biobank participants, with replication in 2184 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. We identify 45 previously unreported loci associated with cardiac structure and function, many near well-established genes for Mendelian cardiomyopathies. A polygenic score of MRI-derived left ventricular end systolic volume strongly associates with incident DCM in the general population. Even among carriers of TTN truncating mutations, this polygenic score influences the size and function of the human heart. These results further implicate common genetic polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Pirruccello
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Bick
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Minxian Wang
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mark Chaffin
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Jie Yao
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | | | - Kent D Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Wendy S Post
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA, USA
| | - Stephen Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Joao A C Lima
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Philippakis
- Data Sciences Platform, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- GV, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Steven A Lubitz
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amit V Khera
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Verve Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Krishna G Aragam
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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21
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Rosenbaum AN, Agre KE, Pereira NL. Genetics of dilated cardiomyopathy: practical implications for heart failure management. Nat Rev Cardiol 2019; 17:286-297. [PMID: 31605094 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-019-0284-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Given the global burden of heart failure, strategies to understand the underlying cause or to provide prognostic information are critical to reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with this highly prevalent disease. Cardiomyopathies often have a genetic cause, and the field of heart failure genetics is progressing rapidly. Through a deliberate investigation, evaluation for a familial component of cardiomyopathy can lead to increased identification of pathogenic genetic variants. Much research has also been focused on identifying markers of risk in patients with cardiomyopathy with the use of genetic testing. Advances in our understanding of genetic variants have been slightly offset by an increased recognition of the heterogeneity of disease expression. Greater breadth of genetic testing can increase the likelihood of identifying a variant of uncertain significance, which is resolved only rarely by cellular functional validation and segregation analysis. To increase the use of genetics in heart failure clinics, increased availability of genetic counsellors and other providers with experience in genetics is necessary. Ultimately, through ongoing research and increased clinical experience in cardiomyopathy genetics, an improved understanding of the disease processes will facilitate better clinical decision-making about the therapies offered, exemplifying the implementation of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine E Agre
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Naveen L Pereira
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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22
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Krokhotin A, Sarker M, Sevilla EA, Costantini LM, Griffith JD, Campbell SL, Dokholyan NV. Distinct Binding Modes of Vinculin Isoforms Underlie Their Functional Differences. Structure 2019; 27:1527-1536.e3. [PMID: 31422909 PMCID: PMC6774862 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vinculin and its splice isoform metavinculin play key roles in regulating cellular morphology, motility, and force transduction. Vinculin is distinct from metavinculin in its ability to bundle filamentous actin (F-actin). To elucidate the molecular basis for these differences, we employed computational and experimental approaches. Results from these analyses suggest that the C terminus of both vinculin and metavinculin form stable interactions with the F-actin surface. However, the metavinculin tail (MVt) domain contains a 68 amino acid insert, with helix 1 (H1) sequestered into a globular subdomain, which protrudes from the F-actin surface and prevents actin bundling by sterically occluding actin filaments. Consistent with our model, deletion and selective point mutations within the MVt H1 disrupt this protruding structure, and facilitate actin bundling similar to vinculin tail (Vt) domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Krokhotin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Departments of Pathology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Muzaddid Sarker
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Ernesto Alva Sevilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lindsey M Costantini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jack D Griffith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sharon L Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Departments of Pharmacology and Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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23
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Brodehl A, Ebbinghaus H, Deutsch MA, Gummert J, Gärtner A, Ratnavadivel S, Milting H. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem-Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes as Models for Genetic Cardiomyopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184381. [PMID: 31489928 PMCID: PMC6770343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, many pathogenic or likely pathogenic genetic mutations in over hundred different genes have been described for non-ischemic, genetic cardiomyopathies. However, the functional knowledge about most of these mutations is still limited because the generation of adequate animal models is time-consuming and challenging. Therefore, human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) carrying specific cardiomyopathy-associated mutations are a promising alternative. Since the original discovery that pluripotency can be artificially induced by the expression of different transcription factors, various patient-specific-induced pluripotent stem cell lines have been generated to model non-ischemic, genetic cardiomyopathies in vitro. In this review, we describe the genetic landscape of non-ischemic, genetic cardiomyopathies and give an overview about different human iPSC lines, which have been developed for the disease modeling of inherited cardiomyopathies. We summarize different methods and protocols for the general differentiation of human iPSCs into cardiomyocytes. In addition, we describe methods and technologies to investigate functionally human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, we summarize novel genome editing approaches for the genetic manipulation of human iPSCs. This review provides an overview about the genetic landscape of inherited cardiomyopathies with a focus on iPSC technology, which might be of interest for clinicians and basic scientists interested in genetic cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Brodehl
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Hans Ebbinghaus
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Marcus-André Deutsch
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Jan Gummert
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Anna Gärtner
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Sandra Ratnavadivel
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Hendrik Milting
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
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24
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Lee HT, Sharek L, O’Brien ET, Urbina FL, Gupton SL, Superfine R, Burridge K, Campbell SL. Vinculin and metavinculin exhibit distinct effects on focal adhesion properties, cell migration, and mechanotransduction. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221962. [PMID: 31483833 PMCID: PMC6726196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Vinculin (Vcn) is a ubiquitously expressed cytoskeletal protein that links transmembrane receptors to actin filaments, and plays a key role in regulating cell adhesion, motility, and force transmission. Metavinculin (MVcn) is a Vcn splice isoform that contains an additional exon encoding a 68-residue insert within the actin binding tail domain. MVcn is selectively expressed at sub-stoichiometic amounts relative to Vcn in smooth and cardiac muscle cells. Mutations in the MVcn insert are linked to various cardiomyopathies. In vitro analysis has previously shown that while both proteins can engage filamentous (F)-actin, only Vcn can promote F-actin bundling. Moreover, we and others have shown that MVcn can negatively regulate Vcn-mediated F-actin bundling in vitro. To investigate functional differences between MVcn and Vcn, we stably expressed either Vcn or MVcn in Vcn-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts. While both MVcn and Vcn were observed at FAs, MVcn-expressing cells had larger but fewer focal adhesions per cell compared to Vcn-expressing cells. MVcn-expressing cells migrated faster and exhibited greater persistence compared to Vcn-expressing cells, even though Vcn-containing FAs assembled and disassembled faster. Magnetic tweezer measurements on Vcn-expressing cells show a typical cell stiffening phenotype in response to externally applied force; however, this was absent in Vcn-null and MVcn-expressing cells. Our findings that MVcn expression leads to larger but fewer FAs per cell, in conjunction with the inability of MVcn to bundle F-actin in vitro and rescue the cell stiffening response, are consistent with our previous findings of actin bundling deficient Vcn variants, suggesting that deficient actin-bundling may account for some of the differences between Vcn and MVcn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunna T. Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lisa Sharek
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - E. Timothy O’Brien
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Fabio L. Urbina
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stephanie L. Gupton
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Richard Superfine
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Keith Burridge
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sharon L. Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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Wald K, Cakmak H, Noel M. mTOR inhibitor sirolimus negatively impacts in vitro fertilization outcomes. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:947-950. [PMID: 30911930 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01439-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Wald
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 499 Illinois St, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Hakan Cakmak
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 499 Illinois St, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Martha Noel
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 499 Illinois St, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
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26
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Sarker M, Lee HT, Mei L, Krokhotin A, de Los Reyes SE, Yen L, Costantini LM, Griffith J, Dokholyan NV, Alushin GM, Campbell SL. Cardiomyopathy Mutations in Metavinculin Disrupt Regulation of Vinculin-Induced F-Actin Assemblies. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:1604-1618. [PMID: 30844403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Debilitating heart conditions, notably dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies (CMs), are associated with point mutations in metavinculin, a larger isoform of the essential cytoskeletal protein vinculin. Metavinculin is co-expressed with vinculin at sub-stoichiometric ratios in cardiac tissues. CM mutations in the metavinculin tail domain (MVt) occur within the extra 68-residue insert that differentiates it from the vinculin tail domain (Vt). Vt binds actin filaments (F-actin) and promotes vinculin dimerization to bundle F-actin into thick fibers. While MVt binds to F-actin in a similar manner to Vt, MVt is incapable of F-actin bundling and inhibits Vt-mediated F-actin bundling. We performed F-actin co-sedimentation and negative-stain EM experiments to dissect the coordinated roles of metavinculin and vinculin in actin fiber assembly and the effects of three known metavinculin CM mutations. These CM mutants were found to weakly induce the formation of disordered F-actin assemblies. Notably, they fail to inhibit Vt-mediated F-actin bundling and instead promote formation of large assemblies embedded with linear bundles. Computational models of MVt bound to F-actin suggest that MVt undergoes a conformational change licensing the formation of a protruding sub-domain incorporating the insert, which sterically prevents dimerization and bundling of F-actin by Vt. Sub-domain formation is destabilized by CM mutations, disrupting this inhibitory mechanism. These findings provide new mechanistic insights into the ability of metavinculin to tune actin organization by vinculin and suggest that dysregulation of this process by CM mutants could underlie their malfunction in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzaddid Sarker
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hyunna T Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lin Mei
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics and Mechanobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrey Krokhotin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Laura Yen
- Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10025, USA
| | - Lindsey M Costantini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jack Griffith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Gregory M Alushin
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics and Mechanobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sharon L Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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27
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Translating emerging molecular genetic insights into clinical practice in inherited cardiomyopathies. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:993-1024. [PMID: 30128729 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1685-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies are primarily genetic disorders of the myocardium associated with higher risk of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. The evolving knowledge in genomic medicine during the last decade has reshaped our understanding of cardiomyopathies as diseases of multifactorial nature and complex pathophysiology. Genetic testing in cardiomyopathies has subsequently grown from primarily a research tool into an essential clinical evaluation piece with important clinical implications for patients and their families. The purpose of this review is to provide with a contemporary insight into the implications of genetic testing in diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of patients with inherited cardiomyopathies. Here, we summarize the contemporary knowledge on genotype-phenotype correlations in inherited cardiomyopathies and highlight the recent significant achievements in the field of translational cardiovascular genetics.
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28
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Loss of CENP-F Results in Dilated Cardiomyopathy with Severe Disruption of Cardiac Myocyte Architecture. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7546. [PMID: 29765066 PMCID: PMC5953941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25774-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Centromere-binding protein F (CENP-F) is a very large and complex protein with many and varied binding partners including components of the microtubule network. Numerous CENP-F functions impacting diverse cellular behaviors have been identified. Importantly, emerging data have shown that CENP-F loss- or gain-of-function has critical effects on human development and disease. Still, it must be noted that data at the single cardiac myocyte level examining the impact of CENP-F loss-of-function on fundamental cellular behavior is missing. To address this gap in our knowledge, we analyzed basic cell structure and function in cardiac myocytes devoid of CENP-F. We found many diverse structural abnormalities including disruption of the microtubule network impacting critical characteristics of the cardiac myocyte. This is the first report linking microtubule network malfunction to cardiomyopathy. Importantly, we also present data demonstrating a direct link between a CENP-F single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) and human cardiac disease. In a proximate sense, these data examining CENP-F function explain the cellular basis underlying heart disease in this genetic model and, in a larger sense, they will hopefully provide a platform upon which the field can explore diverse cellular outcomes in wide-ranging areas of research on this critical protein.
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29
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Abstract
Heart failure places an enormous burden on health and economic systems worldwide. It is a complex disease that is profoundly influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Neither the molecular mechanisms underlying heart failure nor effective prevention strategies are fully understood. Fortunately, relevant aspects of human heart failure can be experimentally studied in tractable model animals, including the fruit fly, Drosophila, allowing the in vivo application of powerful and sophisticated molecular genetic and physiological approaches. Heart failure in Drosophila, as in humans, can be classified into dilated cardiomyopathies and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies. Critically, many genes and cellular pathways directing heart development and function are evolutionarily conserved from Drosophila to humans. Studies of molecular mechanisms linking aging with heart failure have revealed that genes involved in aging-associated energy homeostasis and oxidative stress resistance influence cardiac dysfunction through perturbation of IGF and TOR pathways. Importantly, ion channel proteins, cytoskeletal proteins, and integrins implicated in aging of the mammalian heart have been shown to play significant roles in heart failure. A number of genes previously described having roles in development of the Drosophila heart, such as genes involved in Wnt signaling pathways, have recently been shown to play important roles in the adult fly heart. Moreover, the fly model presents opportunities for innovative studies that cannot currently be pursued in the mammalian heart because of technical limitations. In this review, we discuss progress in our understanding of genes, proteins, and molecular mechanisms that affect the Drosophila adult heart and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Zhu
- The Center for Heart Development, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Zhe Han
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave. NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Yan Luo
- The Center for Heart Development, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Yulin Chen
- The Center for Heart Development, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Qun Zeng
- The Center for Heart Development, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Xiushan Wu
- The Center for Heart Development, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China.
| | - Wuzhou Yuan
- The Center for Heart Development, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China.
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30
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Long PA, Evans JM, Olson TM. Diagnostic Yield of Whole Exome Sequencing in Pediatric Dilated Cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2017; 4:jcdd4030011. [PMID: 29367541 PMCID: PMC5715713 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd4030011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a heritable, genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by progressive heart failure. DCM typically remains clinically silent until adulthood, yet symptomatic disease can develop in childhood. We sought to identify the genetic basis of pediatric DCM in 15 sporadic and three affected-siblings cases, comprised of 21 affected children (mean age, five years) whose parents had normal echocardiograms (mean age, 39 years). Twelve underwent cardiac transplantation and five died with severe heart failure. Parent-offspring whole exome sequencing (WES) data were filtered for rare, deleterious, de novo and recessive variants. In prior work, we reported de novo mutations in TNNT2 and RRAGC and compound heterozygous mutations in ALMS1 and TAF1A among four cases in our cohort. Here, de novo mutations in established DCM genes—RBM20, LMNA, TNNT2, and PRDM16—were identified among five additional cases. The RBM20 mutation was previously reported in familial DCM. An identical unreported LMNA mutation was identified in two unrelated cases, both harboring gene-specific defects in cardiomyocyte nuclear morphology. Collectively, WES had a 50% diagnostic yield in our cohort, providing an explanation for pediatric heart failure and enabling informed family planning. Research is ongoing to discover novel DCM genes among the remaining families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A Long
- Mayo Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Track, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Jared M Evans
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Timothy M Olson
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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31
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De Pascalis C, Etienne-Manneville S. Single and collective cell migration: the mechanics of adhesions. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1833-1846. [PMID: 28684609 PMCID: PMC5541834 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-03-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical and physical properties of the environment control cell proliferation, differentiation, or apoptosis in the long term. However, to be able to move and migrate through a complex three-dimensional environment, cells must quickly adapt in the short term to the physical properties of their surroundings. Interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) occur through focal adhesions or hemidesmosomes via the engagement of integrins with fibrillar ECM proteins. Cells also interact with their neighbors, and this involves various types of intercellular adhesive structures such as tight junctions, cadherin-based adherens junctions, and desmosomes. Mechanobiology studies have shown that cell-ECM and cell-cell adhesions participate in mechanosensing to transduce mechanical cues into biochemical signals and conversely are responsible for the transmission of intracellular forces to the extracellular environment. As they migrate, cells use these adhesive structures to probe their surroundings, adapt their mechanical properties, and exert the appropriate forces required for their movements. The focus of this review is to give an overview of recent developments showing the bidirectional relationship between the physical properties of the environment and the cell mechanical responses during single and collective cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara De Pascalis
- Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur Paris, CNRS UMR3691, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
- UPMC Université Paris 06, IFD, Sorbonne Universités, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Sandrine Etienne-Manneville
- Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur Paris, CNRS UMR3691, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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Preiksaitiene E, Tumienė B, Maldžienė Ž, Pranckevičienė E, Morkūnienė A, Utkus A, Kučinskas V. Features of KAT6B-related disorders in a patient with 10q22.1q22.3 deletion. Ophthalmic Genet 2017; 38:383-386. [PMID: 27880066 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2016.1227452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blepharophimosis is a fixed reduction in the vertical distance between the upper and lower eyelids with short palpebral fissures. It is a rare facial malformation and is considered an important diagnostic feature in dysmorphic analysis. It is likely that many patients with blepharophimosis-mental retardation syndrome have submicroscopic chromosomal rearrangements, and the use of molecular karyotyping can narrow the known blepharophimosis-mental retardation-critical regions or clarify the effect of the haploinsufficiency of the involved genes on the phenotype. MATERIALS AND METHODS A female patient presented with bilateral blepharophimosis, ptosis, epicanthus inversus, telecanthus, low-set and small ears, other minor anomalies, hypotonia and psychomotor developmental delay. Metabolic investigations and array CGH analysis were performed. The results of molecular karyotyping were confirmed by real-time PCR analysis. RESULTS Molecular karyotyping revealed a 5.2 Mb deletion in the 10q22.1q22.3 region. Real-time PCR analysis of the proband and her parents confirmed the deletion in the proband and revealed its de novo origin. CONCLUSIONS With ptosis, hypotonia, and developmental delay as the main diagnostic features of our patient, the effect of histone acetyltransferase-encoding KAT6B gene haploinsufficiency was suspected to have a significant role in determining the phenotype. Detailed clinical characterization of the patient provided additional information on the clinical manifestation of the 10q22 deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle Preiksaitiene
- a Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine , Vilnius University , Vilnius , Lithuania
| | - Birutė Tumienė
- a Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine , Vilnius University , Vilnius , Lithuania
| | - Živilė Maldžienė
- a Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine , Vilnius University , Vilnius , Lithuania
| | - Erinija Pranckevičienė
- a Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine , Vilnius University , Vilnius , Lithuania
| | - Aušra Morkūnienė
- a Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine , Vilnius University , Vilnius , Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Utkus
- a Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine , Vilnius University , Vilnius , Lithuania
| | - Vaidutis Kučinskas
- a Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine , Vilnius University , Vilnius , Lithuania
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Abstract
Precision medicine aims to achieve improved survival by strategies that recognize the genetic and phenotypic individuality of patients and stratify treatment accordingly. Genetic cardiomyopathies represent an ideal disease group to fully embark on this concept: they are in total frequent diseases with a marked morbidity and mortality and there is ample knowledge about their predisposing genetic factors and associated functional mechanisms. The current review highlights the genetic etiology and gives examples of the diverse treatment strategies that are envisaged in the future.
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Abstract
Cardiomyopathies represent a heterogeneous group of diseases that negatively affect heart function. Primary cardiomyopathies specifically target the myocardium, and may arise from genetic [hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia (ARVC/D), mitochondrial cardiomyopathy] or genetic and acquired [dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM)] etiology. Modern genomics has identified mutations that are common in these populations, while in vitro and in vivo experimentation with these mutations have provided invaluable insight into the molecular mechanisms native to these diseases. For example, increased myosin heavy chain (MHC) binding and ATP utilization lead to the hypercontractile sarcomere in HCM, while abnormal protein–protein interaction and impaired Ca2+ flux underlie the relaxed sarcomere of DCM. Furthermore, expanded access to genetic testing has facilitated identification of potential risk factors that appear through inheritance and manifest sometimes only in the advanced stages of the disease. In this review, we discuss the genetic and molecular abnormalities unique to and shared between these primary cardiomyopathies and discuss some of the important advances made using more traditional basic science experimentation.
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Cheng J, Kyle JW, Lang D, Wiedmeyer B, Guo J, Yin K, Huang L, Vaidyanathan R, Su T, Makielski JC. An East Asian Common Variant Vinculin P.Asp841His Was Associated With Sudden Unexplained Nocturnal Death Syndrome in the Chinese Han Population. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.116.005330. [PMID: 28373245 PMCID: PMC5533021 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.005330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background We have identified the cardiomyopathy‐susceptibility gene vinculin (VCL) mutation M94I may account for a sudden unexplained nocturnal death syndrome (SUNDS) case. We addressed whether VCL common variant D841H is associated with SUNDS. Methods and Results In 8 of 120 SUNDS cases, we detected an East Asian common VCL variant p.Asp841His (D841H). Comparing the H841 allele frequency of the general population in the local database (15 of 1818) with SUNDS victims (10 of 240) gives an odds ratio for SUNDS of 5.226 (95% CI, 2.321, 11.769). The VCL‐D841H variant was engineered and either coexpressed with cardiac sodium channel (SCN5A) in HEK293 cells or overexpressed in human induced pluripotent stem‐cell–derived cardiomyocytes to examine its effects on sodium channel function using the whole‐cell patch‐clamp method. In HEK293 cells, under physiological pH conditions (pH 7.4), D841H caused a 29% decrease in peak INa amplitude compared to wild type (WT), whereas under acidotic conditions (pH 7.0), D841H decreased further to 43% along with significant negative shift in inactivation compared to WT at pH 7.4. In induced pluripotent stem‐cell‐derived cardiomyocytes, similar effects of D841H on INa were observed. VCL colocalized with SCN5A at the intercalated disk in human cardiomyocytes. VCL was also confirmed to directly interact with SCN5A, and VCL‐D841H did not disrupt the association of VCL and SCN5A. Conclusions A VCL common variant was genetically and biophysically associated with Chinese SUNDS. The aggravation of loss of function of SCN5A caused by VCL‐D841H under acidosis supports that nocturnal sleep respiratory disorders with acidosis may play a key role in the pathogenesis of SUNDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianding Cheng
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - John W Kyle
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Di Lang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Brandi Wiedmeyer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | | | - Kun Yin
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ravi Vaidyanathan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Terry Su
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jonathan C Makielski
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
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Simpson S, Rutland P, Rutland CS. Genomic Insights into Cardiomyopathies: A Comparative Cross-Species Review. Vet Sci 2017; 4:E19. [PMID: 29056678 PMCID: PMC5606618 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci4010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the global human population, the leading cause of non-communicable death is cardiovascular disease. It is predicted that by 2030, deaths attributable to cardiovascular disease will have risen to over 20 million per year. This review compares the cardiomyopathies in both human and non-human animals and identifies the genetic associations for each disorder in each species/taxonomic group. Despite differences between species, advances in human medicine can be gained by utilising animal models of cardiac disease; likewise, gains can be made in animal medicine from human genomic insights. Advances could include undertaking regular clinical checks in individuals susceptible to cardiomyopathy, genetic testing prior to breeding, and careful administration of breeding programmes (in non-human animals), further development of treatment regimes, and drugs and diagnostic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan Simpson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Paul Rutland
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
| | - Catrin Sian Rutland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
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Vinculin variant M94I identified in sudden unexplained nocturnal death syndrome decreases cardiac sodium current. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42953. [PMID: 28218286 PMCID: PMC5317164 DOI: 10.1038/srep42953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sudden unexplained nocturnal death syndrome (SUNDS) remains an autopsy negative disorder with unclear etiology. Vinculin (VCL) was linked to sudden arrhythmia death in VCL knockout mice prior to the appearance of cardiomyopathy. We hypothesized VCL mutations underlie risk for SUNDS. A rare heterozygous variant VCL-M94I was found in a SUNDS victim who suffered sudden nocturnal tachypnea and lacked pathogenic variants in known arrhythmia-causing genes. VCL was identified to interact with SCN5A in vitro/vivo. The VCL-M94I was co-expressed with the cardiac sodium channel in HEK293 cells and also overexpressed in induced pluripotent stem cells derived cardiomyocytes (iPSCs-CM). In HEK293 cells with pH 7.4, VCL-M94I caused ~30% decrease in peak sodium current (INa) amplitude compared to WT; under acidotic conditions (pH 7.0) typically found with hypoxia during sleep apnea, M94I resulted in 37% reduction in peak INa compared to WT and the combination of VCL-M94I and pH 7.0 decreased peak INa by ~56% compared to WT at pH 7.4. In iPSCs-CM, similar effects of M94I on reduction of peak INa were observed. This study initially shows both physical and functional interaction between VCL and cardiac sodium channel, and suggests an important role for respiratory acidosis in triggering the fatal arrhythmia underlying SUNDS.
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38
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Ittisoponpisan S, Alhuzimi E, Sternberg MJE, David A. Landscape of Pleiotropic Proteins Causing Human Disease: Structural and System Biology Insights. Hum Mutat 2017; 38:289-296. [PMID: 27957775 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pleiotropy is the phenomenon by which the same gene can result in multiple phenotypes. Pleiotropic proteins are emerging as important contributors to rare and common disorders. Nevertheless, little is known on the mechanisms underlying pleiotropy and the characteristic of pleiotropic proteins. We analyzed disease-causing proteins reported in UniProt and observed that 12% are pleiotropic (variants in the same protein cause more than one disease). Pleiotropic proteins were enriched in deleterious and rare variants, but not in common variants. Pleiotropic proteins were more likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of neoplasms, neurological, and circulatory diseases and congenital malformations, whereas non-pleiotropic proteins in endocrine and metabolic disorders. Pleiotropic proteins were more essential and had a higher number of interacting partners compared with non-pleiotropic proteins. Significantly more pleiotropic than non-pleiotropic proteins contained at least one intrinsically long disordered region (P < 0.001). Deleterious variants occurring in structurally disordered regions were more commonly found in pleiotropic, rather than non-pleiotropic proteins. In conclusion, pleiotropic proteins are an important contributor to human disease. They represent a biologically different class of proteins compared with non-pleiotropic proteins and a better understanding of their characteristics and genetic variants can greatly aid in the interpretation of genetic studies and drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirawit Ittisoponpisan
- Structural Bioinformatics Group, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Eman Alhuzimi
- Structural Bioinformatics Group, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michael J E Sternberg
- Structural Bioinformatics Group, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alessia David
- Structural Bioinformatics Group, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Valenzuela N, Fan Q, Fa'ak F, Soibam B, Nagandla H, Liu Y, Schwartz RJ, McConnell BK, Stewart MD. Cardiomyocyte-specific conditional knockout of the histone chaperone HIRA in mice results in hypertrophy, sarcolemmal damage and focal replacement fibrosis. Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:335-45. [PMID: 26935106 PMCID: PMC4833330 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.022889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
HIRA is the histone chaperone responsible for replication-independent incorporation of histone variant H3.3 within gene bodies and regulatory regions of actively transcribed genes, and within the bivalent promoter regions of developmentally regulated genes. The HIRA gene lies within the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome critical region; individuals with this syndrome have multiple congenital heart defects. Because terminally differentiated cardiomyocytes have exited the cell cycle, histone variants should be utilized for the bulk of chromatin remodeling. Thus, HIRA is likely to play an important role in epigenetically defining the cardiac gene expression program. In this study, we determined the consequence of HIRA deficiency in cardiomyocytes in vivo by studying the phenotype of cardiomyocyte-specific Hira conditional-knockout mice. Loss of HIRA did not perturb heart development, but instead resulted in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and susceptibility to sarcolemmal damage. Cardiomyocyte degeneration gave way to focal replacement fibrosis and impaired cardiac function. Gene expression was widely altered in Hira conditional-knockout hearts. Significantly affected pathways included responses to cellular stress, DNA repair and transcription. Consistent with heart failure, fetal cardiac genes were re-expressed in the Hira conditional knockout. Our results suggest that transcriptional regulation by HIRA is crucial for cardiomyocyte homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Valenzuela
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Qiying Fan
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Faisal Fa'ak
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Benjamin Soibam
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering Technology, University of Houston-Downtown, Houston, TX 77002, USA
| | - Harika Nagandla
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Robert J Schwartz
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA Stem Cell Engineering Department, Texas Heart Institute at St Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bradley K McConnell
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - M David Stewart
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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Cheng F, Miao L, Wu Q, Gong X, Xiong J, Zhang J. Vinculin b deficiency causes epicardial hyperplasia and coronary vessel disorganization in zebrafish. Development 2016; 143:3522-3531. [PMID: 27578788 DOI: 10.1242/dev.132936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Coronary vessel development is a highly coordinated process during heart formation. Abnormal development and dysfunction of the coronary network are contributory factors in the majority of heart disease. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate coronary vessel formation is crucial for preventing and treating the disease. We report a zebrafish gene-trap vinculin b (vclb) mutant that displays abnormal coronary vessel development among multiple cardiac defects. The mutant shows overproliferation of epicardium-derived cells and disorganization of coronary vessels, and they eventually die off at juvenile stages. Mechanistically, Vclb deficiency results in the release of another cytoskeletal protein, paxillin, from the Vclb complex and the upregulation of ERK and FAK phosphorylation in epicardium and endocardium, causing disorganization of endothelial cells and pericytes during coronary vessel development. By contrast, cardiac muscle development is relatively normal, probably owing to redundancy with Vcla, a vinculin paralog that is expressed in the myocardium but not epicardium. Together, our results reveal a previously unappreciated function of vinculin in epicardium and endocardium and reinforce the notion that well-balanced FAK activity is essential for coronary vessel development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liyun Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xia Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jingwei Xiong
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Koo SJ, Spratt HM, Soman KV, Stafford S, Gupta S, Petersen JR, Zago MP, Kuyumcu-Martinez MN, Brasier AR, Wiktorowicz JE, Garg NJ. S-Nitrosylation Proteome Profile of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Human Heart Failure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS 2016; 2016:1384523. [PMID: 27635260 PMCID: PMC5007369 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1384523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) protects the heart against ischemic injury; however, NO- and superoxide-dependent S-nitrosylation (S-NO) of cysteines can affect function of target proteins and play a role in disease outcome. We employed 2D-GE with thiol-labeling FL-maleimide dye and MALDI-TOF MS/MS to capture the quantitative changes in abundance and S-NO proteome of HF patients (versus healthy controls, n = 30/group). We identified 93 differentially abundant (59-increased/34-decreased) and 111 S-NO-modified (63-increased/48-decreased) protein spots, respectively, in HF subjects (versus controls, fold-change | ≥1.5|, p ≤ 0.05). Ingenuity pathway analysis of proteome datasets suggested that the pathways involved in phagocytes' migration, free radical production, and cell death were activated and fatty acid metabolism was decreased in HF subjects. Multivariate adaptive regression splines modeling of datasets identified a panel of proteins that will provide >90% prediction success in classifying HF subjects. Proteomic profiling identified ATP-synthase, thrombospondin-1 (THBS1), and vinculin (VCL) as top differentially abundant and S-NO-modified proteins, and these proteins were verified by Western blotting and ELISA in different set of HF subjects. We conclude that differential abundance and S-NO modification of proteins serve as a mechanism in regulating cell viability and free radical production, and THBS1 and VCL evaluation will potentially be useful in the prediction of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue-jie Koo
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Heidi M. Spratt
- Department Preventive Medicine and Community Health, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Institute for Translational Sciences, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Kizhake V. Soman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sealy Center of Molecular Medicine, UTMB, Galveston TX 77555, USA
| | - Susan Stafford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sealy Center of Molecular Medicine, UTMB, Galveston TX 77555, USA
| | - Shivali Gupta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - John R. Petersen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Maria P. Zago
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET-UNSa, 4400 Salta, Argentina
| | - Muge N. Kuyumcu-Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sealy Center of Molecular Medicine, UTMB, Galveston TX 77555, USA
| | - Allan R. Brasier
- Institute for Translational Sciences, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine-Endocrinology, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - John E. Wiktorowicz
- Institute for Translational Sciences, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sealy Center of Molecular Medicine, UTMB, Galveston TX 77555, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Nisha Jain Garg
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Differential lipid binding of vinculin isoforms promotes quasi-equivalent dimerization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:9539-44. [PMID: 27503891 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1600702113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The main cause of death globally remains debilitating heart conditions, such as dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), which are often due to mutations of specific components of adhesion complexes. Vinculin regulates these complexes and plays essential roles in intercalated discs that are necessary for muscle cell function and coordinated movement and in the development and function of the heart. Humans bearing familial or sporadic mutations in vinculin suffer from chronic, progressively debilitating DCM that ultimately leads to cardiac failure and death, whereas autosomal dominant mutations in vinculin can also provoke HCM, causing acute cardiac failure. The DCM/HCM-associated mutants of vinculin occur in the 68-residue insert unique to the muscle-specific, alternatively spliced isoform of vinculin, termed metavinculin (MV). Contrary to studies that suggested that phosphoinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) only induces vinculin homodimers, which are asymmetric, we show that phospholipid binding results in a domain-swapped symmetric MV dimer via a quasi-equivalent interface compared with vinculin involving R975. Although one of the two PIP2 binding sites is preserved, the symmetric MV dimer that bridges two PIP2 molecules differs from the asymmetric vinculin dimer that bridges only one PIP2 Unlike vinculin, wild-type MV and the DCM/HCM-associated R975W mutant bind PIP2 in their inactive conformations, and R975W MV fails to dimerize. Mutating selective vinculin residues to their corresponding MV residues, or vice versa, switches the isoform's dimeric constellation and lipid binding site. Collectively, our data suggest that MV homodimerization modulates microfilament attachment at muscular adhesion sites and furthers our understanding of MV-mediated cardiac remodeling.
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Bang ML. Animal Models of Congenital Cardiomyopathies Associated With Mutations in Z-Line Proteins. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:38-52. [PMID: 27171814 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac Z-line at the boundary between sarcomeres is a multiprotein complex connecting the contractile apparatus with the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. The Z-line is important for efficient force generation and transmission as well as the maintenance of structural stability and integrity. Furthermore, it is a nodal point for intracellular signaling, in particular mechanosensing and mechanotransduction. Mutations in various genes encoding Z-line proteins have been associated with different cardiomyopathies, including dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, and left ventricular noncompaction, and mutations even within the same gene can cause widely different pathologies. Animal models have contributed to a great advancement in the understanding of the physiological function of Z-line proteins and the pathways leading from mutations in Z-line proteins to cardiomyopathy, although genotype-phenotype prediction remains a great challenge. This review presents an overview of the currently available animal models for Z-line and Z-line associated proteins involved in human cardiomyopathies with special emphasis on knock-in and transgenic mouse models recapitulating the clinical phenotypes of human cardiomyopathy patients carrying mutations in Z-line proteins. Pros and cons of mouse models will be discussed and a future outlook will be given. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 38-52, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Bang
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, UOS Milan, National Research Council and Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
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Abstract
Unlike diet and exercise, which individuals can modulate according to their lifestyle, aging is unavoidable. With normal or healthy aging, the heart undergoes extensive vascular, cellular, and interstitial molecular changes that result in stiffer less compliant hearts that experience a general decline in organ function. Although these molecular changes deemed cardiac remodeling were once thought to be concomitant with advanced cardiovascular disease, they can be found in patients without manifestation of clinical disease. It is now mostly acknowledged that these age-related mechanical changes confer vulnerability of the heart to cardiovascular stresses associated with disease, such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. However, recent studies have aimed at differentiating the initial compensatory changes that occur within the heart with age to maintain contractile function from the maladaptive responses associated with disease. This work has identified new targets to improve cardiac function during aging. Spanning invertebrate to vertebrate models, we use this review to delineate some hallmarks of physiological versus pathological remodeling that occur in the cardiomyocyte and its microenvironment, focusing especially on the mechanical changes that occur within the sarcomere, intercalated disc, costamere, and extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla O Sessions
- From the Biomedical Sciences Program (A.O.S., A.J.E.) and Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (A.J.E.); and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA (A.J.E.)
| | - Adam J Engler
- From the Biomedical Sciences Program (A.O.S., A.J.E.) and Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (A.J.E.); and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA (A.J.E.).
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45
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Hirth S, Bühler A, Bührdel JB, Rudeck S, Dahme T, Rottbauer W, Just S. Paxillin and Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) Regulate Cardiac Contractility in the Zebrafish Heart. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150323. [PMID: 26954676 PMCID: PMC4782988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
An orchestrated interplay of adaptor and signaling proteins at mechano-sensitive sites is essential to maintain cardiac contractility and when defective leads to heart failure. We recently showed that Integrin-linked Kinase (ILK), ß-Parvin and PINCH form the IPP-complex to grant tuned Protein Kinase B (PKB) signaling in the heart. Loss of one of the IPP-complex components results in destabilization of the whole complex, defective PKB signaling and finally heart failure. Two components of IPP, ILK and ß-Parvin directly bind to Paxillin; however, the impact of this direct interaction on the maintenance of heart function is not known yet. Here, we show that targeted gene inactivation of Paxillin results in progressive decrease of cardiac contractility and heart failure in zebrafish without affecting IPP-complex stability and PKB phosphorylation. However, we found that Paxillin deficiency leads to the destabilization of its known binding partner Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) and vice versa resulting in degradation of Vinculin and thereby heart failure. Our findings highlight an essential role of Paxillin and FAK in controlling cardiac contractility via the recruitment of Vinculin to mechano-sensitive sites in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Hirth
- Molecular Cardiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anja Bühler
- Molecular Cardiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Steven Rudeck
- Molecular Cardiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tillman Dahme
- Department of Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rottbauer
- Department of Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail: (SJ); (WR)
| | - Steffen Just
- Molecular Cardiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail: (SJ); (WR)
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46
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Izard T, Brown DT. Mechanisms and Functions of Vinculin Interactions with Phospholipids at Cell Adhesion Sites. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:2548-55. [PMID: 26728462 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r115.686493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeletal protein vinculin is a major regulator of cell adhesion and attaches to the cell surface by binding to specific phospholipids. Structural, biochemical, and biological studies provided much insight into how vinculin binds to membranes, what components it recognizes, and how lipid binding is regulated. Here we discuss the roles and mechanisms of phospholipids in regulating the structure and function of vinculin and of its muscle-specific metavinculin splice variant. A full appreciation of these processes is necessary for understanding how vinculin regulates cell motility, migration, and wound healing, and for understanding of its role in cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Izard
- From the Cell Adhesion Laboratory, Department of Cancer Biology and Department of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458 and
| | - David T Brown
- the Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
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47
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Long PA, Larsen BT, Evans JM, Olson TM. Exome Sequencing Identifies Pathogenic and Modifier Mutations in a Child With Sporadic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:JAHA.115.002443. [PMID: 26656454 PMCID: PMC4845292 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is typically diagnosed in adulthood, yet familial cases exhibit variable age‐dependent penetrance and a subset of patients develop sporadic DCM in childhood. We sought to discover the molecular basis of sporadic DCM in an 11‐year‐old female with severe heart failure necessitating cardiac transplantation. Methods and Results Parental echocardiograms excluded asymptomatic DCM. Whole exome sequencing was performed on the family trio and filtered for rare, deleterious, recessive, and de novo variants. Of the 8 candidate genes identified, only 2 had a role in cardiac physiology. A de novo missense mutation in TNNT2 was identified, previously reported and functionally validated in familial DCM with markedly variable penetrance. Additionally, recessive compound heterozygous truncating mutations were identified in XIRP2, a member of the ancient Xin gene family, which governs intercalated disc (ICD) maturation. Histomorphological analysis of explanted heart tissue revealed misregistration, mislocalization, and shortening of ICDs, findings similar to Xirp2−/− mice. Conclusions The synergistic effects of TNNT2 and XIRP2 mutations, resulting in perturbed sarcomeric force generation and transmission, respectively, would account for an early‐onset heart failure phenotype. Whereas the importance of Xin proteins in cardiac development has been well established in animal models, this study implicates XIRP2 as a novel modifier gene in the pathogenesis of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A Long
- Mayo Graduate School, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Track, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (P.A.L.) Cardiovascular Genetics Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (P.A.L., T.M.O.)
| | - Brandon T Larsen
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, AZ (B.T.L.)
| | - Jared M Evans
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.M.E.)
| | - Timothy M Olson
- Cardiovascular Genetics Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (P.A.L., T.M.O.) Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (T.M.O.) Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (T.M.O.)
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48
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Kim LY, Thompson PM, Lee HT, Pershad M, Campbell SL, Alushin GM. The Structural Basis of Actin Organization by Vinculin and Metavinculin. J Mol Biol 2015; 428:10-25. [PMID: 26493222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vinculin is an essential adhesion protein that links membrane-bound integrin and cadherin receptors through their intracellular binding partners to filamentous actin, facilitating mechanotransduction. Here we present an 8.5-Å-resolution cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction and pseudo-atomic model of the vinculin tail (Vt) domain bound to F-actin. Upon actin engagement, the N-terminal "strap" and helix 1 are displaced from the Vt helical bundle to mediate actin bundling. We find that an analogous conformational change also occurs in the H1' helix of the tail domain of metavinculin (MVt) upon actin binding, a muscle-specific splice isoform that suppresses actin bundling by Vt. These data support a model in which metavinculin tunes the actin bundling activity of vinculin in a tissue-specific manner, providing a mechanistic framework for understanding metavinculin mutations associated with hereditary cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Y Kim
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Interactions, Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter M Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hyunna T Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Mihir Pershad
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sharon L Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Gregory M Alushin
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Interactions, Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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49
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Genetics of Human and Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Int J Genomics 2015; 2015:204823. [PMID: 26266250 PMCID: PMC4525455 DOI: 10.1155/2015/204823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in both humans and dogs. Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) accounts for a large number of these cases, reported to be the third most common form of cardiac disease in humans and the second most common in dogs. In human studies of DCM there are more than 50 genetic loci associated with the disease. Despite canine DCM having similar disease progression to human DCM studies into the genetic basis of canine DCM lag far behind those of human DCM. In this review the aetiology, epidemiology, and clinical characteristics of canine DCM are examined, along with highlighting possible different subtypes of canine DCM and their potential relevance to human DCM. Finally the current position of genetic research into canine and human DCM, including the genetic loci, is identified and the reasons many studies may have failed to find a genetic association with canine DCM are reviewed.
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50
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Kimura A. Molecular genetics and pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy. J Hum Genet 2015; 61:41-50. [PMID: 26178429 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2015.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is defined as a disease of functional impairment in the cardiac muscle and its etiology includes both extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Cardiomyopathy caused by the intrinsic factors is called as primary cardiomyopathy of which two major clinical phenotypes are hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Genetic approaches have revealed the disease genes for hereditary primary cardiomyopathy and functional studies have demonstrated that characteristic functional alterations induced by the disease-associated mutations are closely related to the clinical types, such that increased and decreased Ca(2+) sensitivities of muscle contraction are associated with HCM and DCM, respectively. In addition, recent studies have suggested that mutations in the Z-disc components found in HCM and DCM may result in increased and decreased stiffness of sarcomere, respectively. Moreover, functional analysis of mutations in the other components of cardiac muscle have suggested that the altered response to metabolic stresses is associated with cardiomyopathy, further indicating the heterogeneity in the etiology and pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Kimura
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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