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Eckle T, Bertazzo J, Khatua TN, Tabatabaei SRF, Bakhtiari NM, Walker LA, Martino TA. Circadian Influences on Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Heart Failure. Circ Res 2024; 134:675-694. [PMID: 38484024 PMCID: PMC10947118 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The impact of circadian rhythms on cardiovascular function and disease development is well established, with numerous studies in genetically modified animals emphasizing the circadian molecular clock's significance in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia and heart failure progression. However, translational preclinical studies targeting the heart's circadian biology are just now emerging and are leading to the development of a novel field of medicine termed circadian medicine. In this review, we explore circadian molecular mechanisms and novel therapies, including (1) intense light, (2) small molecules modulating the circadian mechanism, and (3) chronotherapies such as cardiovascular drugs and meal timings. These promise significant clinical translation in circadian medicine for cardiovascular disease. (4) Additionally, we address the differential functioning of the circadian mechanism in males versus females, emphasizing the consideration of biological sex, gender, and aging in circadian therapies for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Eckle
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Júlia Bertazzo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Tarak Nath Khatua
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Seyed Reza Fatemi Tabatabaei
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Naghmeh Moori Bakhtiari
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lori A Walker
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Tami A. Martino
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Lal H, Verma SK, Wang Y, Xie M, Young ME. Circadian Rhythms in Cardiovascular Metabolism. Circ Res 2024; 134:635-658. [PMID: 38484029 PMCID: PMC10947116 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Energetic demand and nutrient supply fluctuate as a function of time-of-day, in alignment with sleep-wake and fasting-feeding cycles. These daily rhythms are mirrored by 24-hour oscillations in numerous cardiovascular functional parameters, including blood pressure, heart rate, and myocardial contractility. It is, therefore, not surprising that metabolic processes also fluctuate over the course of the day, to ensure temporal needs for ATP, building blocks, and metabolism-based signaling molecules are met. What has become increasingly clear is that in addition to classic signal-response coupling (termed reactionary mechanisms), cardiovascular-relevant cells use autonomous circadian clocks to temporally orchestrate metabolic pathways in preparation for predicted stimuli/stresses (termed anticipatory mechanisms). Here, we review current knowledge regarding circadian regulation of metabolism, how metabolic rhythms are synchronized with cardiovascular function, and whether circadian misalignment/disruption of metabolic processes contribute toward the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Lal
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Suresh Kumar Verma
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Min Xie
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Martin E. Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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3
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Festus ID, Spilberg J, Young ME, Cain S, Khoshnevis S, Smolensky MH, Zaheer F, Descalzi G, Martino TA. Pioneering new frontiers in circadian medicine chronotherapies for cardiovascular health. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00040-7. [PMID: 38458859 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a global health concern. Circadian medicine improves cardiovascular care by aligning treatments with our body's daily rhythms and their underlying cellular circadian mechanisms. Time-based therapies, or chronotherapies, show special promise in clinical cardiology. They optimize treatment schedules for better outcomes with fewer side effects by recognizing the profound influence of rhythmic body cycles. In this review, we focus on three chronotherapy areas (medication, light, and meal timing) with potential to enhance cardiovascular care. We also highlight pioneering research in the new field of rest, the gut microbiome, novel chronotherapies for hypertension, pain management, and small molecules that targeting the circadian mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifene David Festus
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeri Spilberg
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sean Cain
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sepideh Khoshnevis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Michael H Smolensky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGovern School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fariya Zaheer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Giannina Descalzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tami A Martino
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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Personnic E, Gerard G, Poilbout C, Jetten AM, Gómez AM, Benitah JP, Perrier R. Circadian regulation of Ca V 1.2 expression by RORα in the mouse heart. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.15.575657. [PMID: 38293155 PMCID: PMC10827087 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.15.575657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Background In addition to show autonomous beating rhythmicity, the physiological functions of the heart present daily periodic oscillations. Notably the ventricular repolarization itself varies throughout the circadian cycle which was mainly related to the periodic expression of K + channels. However, the involvement of the L-type Ca 2+ channel (Ca V 1.2 encoded by Cacna1c gene) in these circadian variations remains elusive. Methods We used a transgenic mouse model (PCa-luc) that expresses the luciferase reporter under the control of the cardiac Cacna1c promoter and analyzed promoter activity by bioluminescent imaging, qPCR, immunoblot, Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP) and Ca V 1.2 activity. Results Under normal 12:12h light-dark cycle, we observed in vivo a biphasic diurnal variation of promoter activities peaking at 9 and 19.5 Zeitgeber time (ZT). This was associated with a periodicity of Cacna1c mRNA levels preceding 24-h oscillations of Ca V 1.2 protein levels in ventricle (with a 1.5 h phase shift) but not in atrial heart tissues. The periodicity of promoter activities and Ca V 1.2 proteins, which correlated with biphasic oscillations of L-type Ca 2+ current conductance, persisted in isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes from PCa-Luc mice over the course of the 24-h cycle, suggesting an endogenous cardiac circadian regulation. Comparison of 24-h temporal patterns of clock gene expressions in ventricles and atrial tissues of the same mice revealed conserved circadian oscillations of the core clock genes except for the retinoid-related orphan receptor α gene (RORα), which remained constant throughout the course of a day in atrial tissues. In vitro we found that RORα is recruited to two specific regions on the Cacna1c promoter and that incubation with specific RORα inhibitor disrupted 24-h oscillations of ventricular promoter activities and Ca V 1.2 protein levels. Similar results were observed for pore forming subunits of the K + transient outward currents, K V 4.2 and K V 4.3. Conclusions These findings raise the possibility that the RORα-dependent rhythmic regulation of cardiac Ca V 1.2 and K V 4.2/4.3 throughout the daily cycle may play an important role in physiopathology of heart function.
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Young ME. The Cardiac Circadian Clock: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease and its Treatment. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2023; 8:1613-1628. [PMID: 38205356 PMCID: PMC10774593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Virtually all aspects of physiology fluctuate with respect to the time of day. This is beautifully exemplified by cardiovascular physiology, for which blood pressure and electrophysiology exhibit robust diurnal oscillations. At molecular/biochemical levels (eg, transcription, translation, signaling, metabolism), cardiovascular-relevant tissues (such as the heart) are profoundly different during the day vs the night. Unfortunately, this in turn contributes toward 24-hour rhythms in both risk of adverse event onset (eg, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction) and pathogenesis severity (eg, extent of ischemic damage). Accumulating evidence indicates that cell-autonomous timekeeping mechanisms, termed circadian clocks, temporally govern biological processes known to play critical roles in cardiovascular function/dysfunction. In this paper, a comprehensive review of our current understanding of the cardiomyocyte circadian clock during both health and disease is detailed. Unprecedented basic, translational, and epidemiologic studies support a need to implement chronobiological considerations in strategies designed for both prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin E. Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Latimer MN, Williams LJ, Shanmugan G, Carpenter BJ, Lazar MA, Dierickx P, Young ME. Cardiomyocyte-specific disruption of the circadian BMAL1-REV-ERBα/β regulatory network impacts distinct miRNA species in the murine heart. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1149. [PMID: 37952007 PMCID: PMC10640639 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian disruption increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, through poorly understood mechanisms. Given that small RNA species are critical modulators of cardiac physiology/pathology, we sought to determine the extent to which cardiomyocyte circadian clock (CCC) disruption impacts cardiac small RNA species. Accordingly, we collected hearts from cardiomyocyte-specific Bmal1 knockout (CBK; a model of CCC disruption) and littermate control (CON) mice at multiple times of the day, followed by small RNA-seq. The data reveal 47 differentially expressed miRNAs species in CBK hearts. Subsequent bioinformatic analyses predict that differentially expressed miRNA species in CBK hearts influence processes such as circadian rhythmicity, cellular signaling, and metabolism. Of the induced miRNAs in CBK hearts, 7 are predicted to be targeted by the transcriptional repressors REV-ERBα/β (integral circadian clock components that are directly regulated by BMAL1). Similar to CBK hearts, cardiomyocyte-specific Rev-erbα/β double knockout (CM-RevDKO) mouse hearts exhibit increased let-7c-1-3p, miR-23b-5p, miR-139-3p, miR-5123, and miR-7068-3p levels. Importantly, 19 putative targets of these 5 miRNAs are commonly repressed in CBK and CM-RevDKO heart (of which 16 are targeted by let-7c-1-3p). These observations suggest that disruption of the circadian BMAL1-REV-ERBα/β regulatory network in the heart induces distinct miRNAs, whose mRNA targets impact critical cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary N Latimer
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lamario J Williams
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gobinath Shanmugan
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Bryce J Carpenter
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pieterjan Dierickx
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Xue P, Liu Y, Wang H, Huang J, Luo M. miRNA-103-3p-Hlf regulates apoptosis and autophagy by targeting hepatic leukaemia factor in heart failure. ESC Heart Fail 2023; 10:3038-3045. [PMID: 37562973 PMCID: PMC10567626 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is an important factor leading to the occurrence and development of heart failure (HF), which is associated with high mortality of patients with cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms of HF in terms of expression and regulation patterns using bioinformatics and experimental validation. METHODS AND RESULTS Two HF datasets were collected: a dataset GSE112056 downloaded from the GEO database (including mRNA and miRNA sequencing data) and another is the laboratory-owned mRNA dataset. Differential mRNAs and miRNAs in the two datasets were screened using the raw Bayesian approach method. Gene Ontology was used to perform functional enrichment analysis of the differential mRNAs and co-expression network analysis of the differential mRNAs, combined with nuclear transcription factors in the differential miRNAs and mRNAs for target gene prediction. A HF cell model was constructed using mouse cardiomyocytes (HL-1), and the role and mechanism of miRNA-103-3p-Hlf (hepatic leukaemia factor) in the process of HF was verified by cell transfection, luciferase reporter gene, WB, and qPCR. We found that Hlf gene expression was decreased in the HF model group and strongly correlated with FYCO1 (FYVE and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 1) gene, a phenomenon enriched in apoptotic autophagy-related pathways. MiR-103-3p expression was up-regulated in the HF model group, and its targeting correlation with Hlf was confirmed by luciferase activity assay. In the HL-1 cell model, miR-103-3p significantly promoted apoptosis and inhibited autophagy in HL-1 cells (all P < 0.05), and overexpression of the Hlf gene reversed this phenomenon, inhibiting apoptosis and promoting autophagy in HL-1 cells (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS MiR-103-3p affects myocardial cells apoptosis and autophagy by targeting Hlf, playing as a potential therapeutic biomarker for HF progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Xue
- Department of GeriatricsTongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of CardiologyThe Third the People's Hospital of BengbuBengbuChina
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of GeriatricsTongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Department of GeriatricsTongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Junling Huang
- Department of GeriatricsTongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ming Luo
- Department of GeriatricsTongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
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Sun Q, Zhao J, Liu L, Wang X, Gu X. Identification of the potential biomarkers associated with circadian rhythms in heart failure. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14734. [PMID: 36699999 PMCID: PMC9869779 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heart failure (HF) is a syndrome with multiple clinical symptoms resulting from damage to the heart's structure and/or function with various pathogenic factors, which has developed as one of the most severe threats to human health. Approximately 13% of genes and about 8% of proteins contained in the heart are rhythmic, which could lead to HF if disrupted. Herein, we aimed to identify the circadian rhythms-related hub genes as potential biomarkers contributing to the identification and treatment of HF. Methods Expression data of ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathy samples with or without HF were collected from the GEO database. First, genes with differential expression in HF and healthy samples were identified, named as differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were then intersected with circadian rhythms-related genes to identify circadian rhythms-related DEGs. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established to screen hub genes. The performance of the hub genes to identify HF among healthy controls was assessed by referring to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Additionally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was run to further validate the hub genes depending on clinical human peripheral blood samples. Results A total of 10,163 DEGs were determined, composed of 4,615 up-regulated genes and 5,548 down-regulated genes in HF patients in comparison to healthy controls. By overlapping the circadian rhythms-related genes in the Circadian Gene DataBase (CGDB), 723 circadian rhythms-related DEGs were obtained, mainly enriched in regulating lipid metabolic process, circadian rhythm and AMPK signaling pathway. Eight hub genes were screened out through the PPI network. The ROC curve indicated the high accuracy of five hub genes with AUC > 0.7, which also showed high accuracy validated by the external validation dataset. Furthermore, according to the results of quantitative RT-PCR, the HF group showed significantly increased relative mRNA expression of CRY2 and BHLHE41 while the decreased ARNTL and NPAS2 in comparison to controls, indicating the four hub genes as potential biomarkers of HF. Conclusion Our study validated that ARNTL, CRY2, BHLHE41 and NPAS2 could serve as potential biomarkers of circadian rhythm in HF. These results may provide a reference for employing novel markers or targets for the diagnosis and treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China,Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Xinshun Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Abstract
Driven by autonomous molecular clocks that are synchronized by a master pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, cardiac physiology fluctuates in diurnal rhythms that can be partly or entirely circadian. Cardiac contractility, metabolism, and electrophysiology, all have diurnal rhythms, as does the neurohumoral control of cardiac and kidney function. In this review, we discuss the evidence that circadian biology regulates cardiac function, how molecular clocks may relate to the pathogenesis of heart failure, and how chronotherapeutics might be applied in heart failure. Disrupting molecular clocks can lead to heart failure in animal models, and the myocardial response to injury seems to be conditioned by the time of day. Human studies are consistent with these findings, and they implicate the clock and circadian rhythms in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Certain circadian rhythms are maintained in patients with heart failure, a factor that can guide optimal timing of therapy. Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic manipulation of circadian rhythms and molecular clocks show promise in the prevention and treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim El Jamal
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ronan Lordan
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah L. Teegarden
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tilo Grosser
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Translational Pharmacology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Garret FitzGerald
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Raza GS, Sodum N, Kaya Y, Herzig KH. Role of Circadian Transcription Factor Rev-Erb in Metabolism and Tissue Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12954. [PMID: 36361737 PMCID: PMC9655416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms significantly affect metabolism, and their disruption leads to cardiometabolic diseases and fibrosis. The clock repressor Rev-Erb is mainly expressed in the liver, heart, lung, adipose tissue, skeletal muscles, and brain, recognized as a master regulator of metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, inflammatory response, and fibrosis. Fibrosis is the response of the body to injuries and chronic inflammation with the accumulation of extracellular matrix in tissues. Activation of myofibroblasts is a key factor in the development of organ fibrosis, initiated by hormones, growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, and mechanical stress. This review summarizes the importance of Rev-Erb in ECM remodeling and tissue fibrosis. In the heart, Rev-Erb activation has been shown to alleviate hypertrophy and increase exercise capacity. In the lung, Rev-Erb agonist reduced pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing fibroblast differentiation. In the liver, Rev-Erb inhibited inflammation and fibrosis by diminishing NF-κB activity. In adipose tissue, Rev- Erb agonists reduced fat mass. In summary, the results of multiple studies in preclinical models demonstrate that Rev-Erb is an attractive target for positively influencing dysregulated metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis, but more specific tools and studies would be needed to increase the information base for the therapeutic potential of these substances interfering with the molecular clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Shere Raza
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Nalini Sodum
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Yagmur Kaya
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Marmara University, 34854 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
- Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Institute, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznań, Poland
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Daiber A, Frenis K, Kuntic M, Li H, Wolf E, Kilgallen AB, Lecour S, Van Laake LW, Schulz R, Hahad O, Münzel T. Redox Regulatory Changes of Circadian Rhythm by the Environmental Risk Factors Traffic Noise and Air Pollution. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:679-703. [PMID: 35088601 PMCID: PMC9618394 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Risk factors in the environment such as air pollution and traffic noise contribute to the development of chronic noncommunicable diseases. Recent Advances: Epidemiological data suggest that air pollution and traffic noise are associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular, metabolic, and mental disease, including hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction, diabetes, arrhythmia, stroke, neurodegeneration, depression, and anxiety disorders, mainly by activation of stress hormone signaling, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Critical Issues: We here provide an in-depth review on the impact of the environmental risk factors air pollution and traffic noise exposure (components of the external exposome) on cardiovascular health, with special emphasis on the role of environmentally triggered oxidative stress and dysregulation of the circadian clock. Also, a general introduction on the contribution of circadian rhythms to cardiovascular health and disease as well as a detailed mechanistic discussion of redox regulatory pathways of the circadian clock system is provided. Future Directions: Finally, we discuss the potential of preventive strategies or "chrono" therapy for cardioprotection. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 679-703.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Daiber
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Andreas Daiber, Labor für Molekulare Kardiologie, Abteilung für Kardiologie 1, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Geb. 605 – Raum 3.262, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Katie Frenis
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marin Kuntic
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Wolf
- Structural Chronobiology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Aoife B. Kilgallen
- Division Heart and Lungs, Regenerative Medicine Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Linda W. Van Laake
- Division Heart and Lungs, Regenerative Medicine Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute for Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Omar Hahad
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Thomas Münzel, Labor für Molekulare Kardiologie, Abteilung für Kardiologie 1, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Geb. 605 – Raum 3.262, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz 55131, Germany
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Lecour S, Du Pré BC, Bøtker HE, Brundel BJJM, Daiber A, Davidson SM, Ferdinandy P, Girao H, Gollmann-Tepeköylü C, Gyöngyösi M, Hausenloy DJ, Madonna R, Marber M, Perrino C, Pesce M, Schulz R, Sluijter JPG, Steffens S, Van Linthout S, Young ME, Van Laake LW. Circadian rhythms in ischaemic heart disease: key aspects for preclinical and translational research: position paper of the ESC working group on cellular biology of the heart. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:2566-2581. [PMID: 34505881 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are internal regulatory processes controlled by molecular clocks present in essentially every mammalian organ that temporally regulate major physiological functions. In the cardiovascular system, the circadian clock governs heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac metabolism, contractility, and coagulation. Recent experimental and clinical studies highlight the possible importance of circadian rhythms in the pathophysiology, outcome, or treatment success of cardiovascular disease, including ischaemic heart disease. Disturbances in circadian rhythms are associated with increased cardiovascular risk and worsen outcome. Therefore, it is important to consider circadian rhythms as a key research parameter to better understand cardiac physiology/pathology, and to improve the chances of translation and efficacy of cardiac therapies, including those for ischaemic heart disease. The aim of this Position Paper by the European Society of Cardiology Working Group Cellular Biology of the Heart is to highlight key aspects of circadian rhythms to consider for improvement of preclinical and translational studies related to ischaemic heart disease and cardioprotection. Applying these considerations to future studies may increase the potential for better translation of new treatments into successful clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Lecour
- Department of Medicine, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bastiaan C Du Pré
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bianca J J M Brundel
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Henrique Girao
- Faculty of Medicine, Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Mariann Gyöngyösi
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Institute of Cardiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School in Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Marber
- King's College London BHF Centre, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Steffens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Van Linthout
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies & Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin 10178, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Linda W Van Laake
- Cardiology and UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Fernández-Ortiz M, Sayed RKA, Román-Montoya Y, de Lama MÁR, Fernández-Martínez J, Ramírez-Casas Y, Florido-Ruiz J, Rusanova I, Escames G, Acuña-Castroviejo D. Age and Chronodisruption in Mouse Heart: Effect of the NLRP3 Inflammasome and Melatonin Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126846. [PMID: 35743288 PMCID: PMC9224376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Age and age-dependent inflammation are two main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Aging can also affect clock gene-related impairments such as chronodisruption and has been linked to a decline in melatonin synthesis and aggravation of the NF-κB/NLRP3 innate immune response known as inflammaging. The molecular drivers of these mechanisms remain unknown. This study investigated the impact of aging and NLRP3 expression on the cardiac circadian system, and the actions of melatonin as a potential therapy to restore daily rhythms by mitigating inflammaging. We analyzed the circadian expression and rhythmicity of clock genes in heart tissue of wild-type and NLRP3-knockout mice at 3, 12, and 24 months of age, with and without melatonin treatment. Our results support that aging, NLRP3 inflammasome, and melatonin affected the cardiac clock genes expression, except for Rev-erbα, which was not influenced by genotype. Aging caused small phase changes in Clock, loss of rhythmicity in Per2 and Rorα, and mesor dampening of Clock, Bmal1, and Per2. NLRP3 inflammasome influenced the acrophase of Clock, Per2, and Rorα. Melatonin restored the acrophase and the rhythm of clock genes affected by age or NLRP3 activation. The administration of melatonin re-established murine cardiac homeostasis by reversing age-associated chronodisruption. Altogether, these results highlight new findings about the effects aging and NLRP3 inflammasome have on clock genes in cardiac tissue, pointing to continuous melatonin as a promising therapy to placate inflammaging and restore circadian rhythm in heart muscle. Additionally, light microscopy analysis showed age-related morphological impairments in cardiomyocytes, which were less severe in mice lacking NLRP3. Melatonin supplementation preserved the structure of cardiac muscle fibers in all experimental groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Fernández-Ortiz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-O.); (R.K.A.S.); (J.F.-M.); (Y.R.-C.); (J.F.-R.); (I.R.); (G.E.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Ramy K. A. Sayed
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-O.); (R.K.A.S.); (J.F.-M.); (Y.R.-C.); (J.F.-R.); (I.R.); (G.E.)
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Yolanda Román-Montoya
- Departamento de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - María Ángeles Rol de Lama
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB–Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - José Fernández-Martínez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-O.); (R.K.A.S.); (J.F.-M.); (Y.R.-C.); (J.F.-R.); (I.R.); (G.E.)
| | - Yolanda Ramírez-Casas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-O.); (R.K.A.S.); (J.F.-M.); (Y.R.-C.); (J.F.-R.); (I.R.); (G.E.)
| | - Javier Florido-Ruiz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-O.); (R.K.A.S.); (J.F.-M.); (Y.R.-C.); (J.F.-R.); (I.R.); (G.E.)
| | - Iryna Rusanova
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-O.); (R.K.A.S.); (J.F.-M.); (Y.R.-C.); (J.F.-R.); (I.R.); (G.E.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Germaine Escames
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-O.); (R.K.A.S.); (J.F.-M.); (Y.R.-C.); (J.F.-R.); (I.R.); (G.E.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Darío Acuña-Castroviejo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-O.); (R.K.A.S.); (J.F.-M.); (Y.R.-C.); (J.F.-R.); (I.R.); (G.E.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs), 18012 Granada, Spain
- UGC de Laboratorios Clínicos, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958241000 (ext. 20196)
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Abstract
The cardiomyocyte circadian clock temporally governs fundamental cellular processes, leading to 24-h rhythms in cardiac properties (such as electrophysiology and contractility). The importance of this cell-autonomous clock is underscored by reports that the disruption of the mechanism leads to adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure. In healthy non-stressed mice, the cardiomyocyte circadian clock modestly augments both cardiac protein synthesis (~14%) and mass (~11%) at the awake-to-sleep transition (relative to their lowest values in the middle of the awake period). However, the increased capacity for cardiac growth at the awake-to-sleep transition exacerbates the responsiveness of the heart to pro-hypertrophic stimuli/stresses (e.g., adrenergic stimulation, nutrients) at this time. The cardiomyocyte circadian clock orchestrates time-of-day-dependent rhythms in cardiac growth through numerous mechanisms. Both ribosomal RNA (e.g., 28S) and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/S6 signaling axis are circadian regulated, peaking at the awake-to-sleep transition in the heart. Conversely, the negative regulators of translation (including PER2, AMPK, and the integrated stress response) are elevated in the middle of the awake period in a coordinated fashion. We speculate that persistent circadian governance of cardiac growth during non-dipping/nocturnal hypertension, sleep apnea, and/or shift work may exacerbate left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac disease development, highlighting a need for the advancement of chronotherapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin E. Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
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15
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PER2 Regulates Reactive Oxygen Species Production in the Circadian Susceptibility to Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in the Heart. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6256399. [PMID: 34659637 PMCID: PMC8519710 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6256399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to investigate the diurnal differences in Period 2 (PER2) expression in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. We investigated diurnal variations in oxidative stress and energy metabolism after myocardial I/R in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we also analyzed the effects of H2O2 treatment and serum shock in H9c2 cells transfected with silencing RNA against Per2 (siRNA-Per2) in vitro. We used C57BL/6 male mice to construct a model of I/R injury at zeitgeber time (ZT) 2 and ZT14 by synchronizing the circadian rhythms. Our in vivo analysis demonstrated that there were diurnal differences in the severity of injury caused by myocardial infarctions, with more injury occurring in the daytime. PER2 was significantly reduced in heart tissue in the daytime and was higher at night. Our results also showed that more severe injury of mitochondrial function in daytime produced more reactive oxygen species (ROS) and less ATP, which increased myocardial injury. In vitro, our findings presented a similar trend showing that apoptosis of H9c2 cells was increased when PER2 expression was lower. Meanwhile, downregulation of PER2 disrupted the oxidative balance by increasing ROS and mitochondrial injury. The result was a reduction in ATP and failure to provide sufficient energy protection for cardiomyocytes.
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16
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Li MD, Xin H, Yuan Y, Yang X, Li H, Tian D, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Han TL, Chen Q, Duan G, Ju D, Chen K, Deng F, He W. Circadian Clock-Controlled Checkpoints in the Pathogenesis of Complex Disease. Front Genet 2021; 12:721231. [PMID: 34557221 PMCID: PMC8452875 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.721231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock coordinates physiology, metabolism, and behavior with the 24-h cycles of environmental light. Fundamental mechanisms of how the circadian clock regulates organ physiology and metabolism have been elucidated at a rapid speed in the past two decades. Here we review circadian networks in more than six organ systems associated with complex disease, which cluster around metabolic disorders, and seek to propose critical regulatory molecules controlled by the circadian clock (named clock-controlled checkpoints) in the pathogenesis of complex disease. These include clock-controlled checkpoints such as circadian nuclear receptors in liver and muscle tissues, chemokines and adhesion molecules in the vasculature. Although the progress is encouraging, many gaps in the mechanisms remain unaddressed. Future studies should focus on devising time-dependent strategies for drug delivery and engagement in well-characterized organs such as the liver, and elucidating fundamental circadian biology in so far less characterized organ systems, including the heart, blood, peripheral neurons, and reproductive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Dian Li
- Department of Cardiology and the Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Haoran Xin
- Department of Cardiology and the Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yinglin Yuan
- Medical Center of Hematology, The Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinqing Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dingyuan Tian
- Department of Cardiology and the Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and the Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ting-Li Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Guangyou Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dapeng Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ka Chen
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wenyan He
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Zhang XY, Wang L, Yan WJ, Lu XT, Li XY, Sun YY. Period 2-Induced Activation of Autophagy Improves Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 31:119-128. [PMID: 31822134 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the onset of myocardial infarction (MI) shows obvious circadian rhythmicity. Clinical studies have shown that MIs that occur in the early morning have a poor prognosis, but the mechanisms involved are still unknown. In this study, we showed that the expression level of Period 2 (per2) in the heart of mice is lower in the early morning than at noon and that increasing the expression of per2 in H9C2 cells and rat cardiomyocytes increases autophagy levels. Further studies indicated that overexpression of per2 after an MI improved cardiac function by increasing autophagy. In summary, this study has shown that the circadian clock protein, per2, may be a regulator of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Grade 2016, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Clinical Medicine (5 + 3), Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Gerontology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wen-Jiang Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin-Yun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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18
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Zheng N, Yin F, Yu Q, Zhong J, Yang J, Xu Z, Su J, Chen X. Associations of PER3 polymorphisms with clopidogrel resistance among Chinese Han people treated with clopidogrel. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23713. [PMID: 33501709 PMCID: PMC8059738 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Changes in circadian rhythm are related to various diseases, such as immune system diseases and cardiovascular diseases. The PERIOD3 (PER3) clock gene is one of the most important genes in the rhythm regulation system. Our goal was to evaluate the possible association between the PER3 rs228729 (T/C) polymorphism or PER3 rs2797685(T/C) polymorphism and clopidogrel resistance (CR) and to study the impact of clinical baseline data on clopidogrel resistance. Methods PER3 polymorphisms rs2797685 (T/C) and rs228729 (T/C) were assessed in 156 patients with (72) and without (84) CR. Blood samples were collected and analyzed after the application of clopidogrel for interventional therapy. Results Age, albumin, PLT, and PCT levels influenced the risk of CR (p < 0.05). For rs2797685, when the PCT value was greater than 0.19, patients with the TT + TC genotype had an increased risk of clopidogrel resistance compared with those with the CC genotype (PCT ≥ 0.19, p = 0.014; PCT p = 0.004). In patients with albumin values greater than 40 or PCT greater than 0.19, those with the rs228729 TT + TC genotype had an increased risk of clopidogrel resistance compared with those with the CC genotype (albumin≥40, TT+TC:CC, p = 0.01, albumin p = 0.005; PCT ≥ 0.19, TT+TC:CC, p < 0.001, PCT p = 0.004). Logistic regression analysis of clinical baseline data and genotype showed that high albumin is a protective factor against clopidogrel resistance. The PER3 gene polymorphism has no clear correlation with clopidogrel resistance. Conclusion In summary, our research shows that PER3 SNPs may be helpful to assess the pathogenesis of CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo No. 1 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Fengying Yin
- Department of General medicine, Ningbo No. 1 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Qinglin Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, Ningbo No. 1 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jinyan Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo No. 1 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Zhifeng Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhenhai People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Yuyao, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jia Su
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo No. 1 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo No. 1 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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19
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Circadian influence on inflammatory response during cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 57:60-70. [PMID: 33340915 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms follow a 24 h day and night cycle, regulate vital physiological processes, and are especially relevant to cardiovascular growth, renewal, repair, and remodeling. A recent flurry of clinical and experimental studies reveals a profound circadian influence on immune responses in cardiovascular disease. The first section of this review summarizes the importance of circadian rhythms for cardiovascular health and disease. The second section introduces the circadian nature of inflammatory responses. The third section combines these to elucidate a new role for the circadian system, influencing inflammation in heart disease, especially myocardial infarction. Particular focus is on circadian regulation of the NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 inflammasome, neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, and T cells involved in cardiac repair. A role for biological sex is noted. The final section explores circadian influences on inflammation in other major cardiovascular conditions. Circadian regulation of inflammation has profound implications for benefitting the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of patients with cardiovascular disease.
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20
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Mistry P, Reitz CJ, Khatua TN, Rasouli M, Oliphant K, Young ME, Allen-Vercoe E, Martino TA. Circadian influence on the microbiome improves heart failure outcomes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 149:54-72. [PMID: 32961201 PMCID: PMC11027088 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) leading to heart failure (HF) is a major cause of death worldwide. Previous studies revealed that the circadian system markedly impacts cardiac repair post-MI, and that light is an important environmental factor modulating the circadian influence over healing. Recent studies suggest that gut physiology also affects the circadian system, but how it contributes to cardiac repair post-MI and in HF is not well understood. To address this question, we first used a murine coronary artery ligation MI model to reveal that an intact gut microbiome is important for cardiac repair. Specifically, gut microbiome disruption impairs normal inflammatory responses in infarcted myocardium, elevates adverse cardiac gene biomarkers, and leads to worse HF outcomes. Conversely, reconstituting the microbiome post-MI in mice with prior gut microbiome disruption improves healing, consistent with the notion that normal gut physiology contributes to cardiac repair. To investigate a role for the circadian system, we initially utilized circadian mutant Clock∆19/∆19 mice, revealing that a functional circadian mechanism is necessary for gut microbiome benefits on post-MI cardiac repair and HF. Finally, we demonstrate that circadian-mediated gut responses that benefit cardiac repair can be conferred by time-restricted feeding, as wake time feeding of MI mice improves HF outcomes, but these benefits are not observed in MI mice fed during their sleep time. In summary, gut physiology is important for cardiac repair, and the circadian system influences the beneficial gut responses to improve post-MI and HF outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Mistry
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Cristine J Reitz
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Tarak Nath Khatua
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mina Rasouli
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Kaitlyn Oliphant
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Martin E Young
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Emma Allen-Vercoe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Tami A Martino
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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21
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Reitz CJ, Alibhai FJ, de Lima-Seolin BG, Nemec-Bakk A, Khaper N, Martino TA. Circadian mutant mice with obesity and metabolic syndrome are resilient to cardiovascular disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H1097-H1111. [PMID: 32986958 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00462.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic syndrome commonly underlie cardiovascular disease. ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice fed a normal diet develop obesity and metabolic syndrome; however, it is not known whether they develop or are resilient to cardiovascular disease. We found that ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice do not develop cardiac dysfunction, despite their underlying conditions. Moreover, in contrast to wild-type controls fed a high-fat diet (HFD), ClockΔ19/Δ19 HFD mice still do not develop cardiovascular disease. Indeed, ClockΔ19/Δ19 HFD mice have preserved heart weight despite their obesity, no cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and preserved heart structure and function, even after 24 wk of a HFD. To determine why ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice are resilient to cardiac dysfunction despite their underlying obesity and metabolic conditions, we examined global cardiac gene expression profiles by microarray and bioinformatics analyses, revealing that oxidative stress pathways were involved. We examined the pathways in further detail and found that 1) SIRT-dependent oxidative stress pathways were not directly involved in resilience; 2) 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) increased in wild-type HFD but not ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice, suggesting less reactive oxygen species in ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice; 3) cardiac catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) increased, suggesting strong antioxidant defenses in the hearts of ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice; and 4) Pparγ was upregulated in the hearts of ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice; this circadian-regulated gene drives transcription of CAT and GPx, providing a molecular basis for resilience in the ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice. These findings shed new light on the circadian regulation of oxidative stress and demonstrate an important role for the circadian mechanism in resilience to cardiovascular disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We examined whether obesity and metabolic syndrome underlie the development of cardiac dysfunction in circadian mutant ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice. Surprisingly, we demonstrate that although ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice develop metabolic dysfunction, they are protected from cardiac hypertrophy, left ventricular remodeling, and diastolic dysfunction, in contrast to wild-type controls, even when challenged with a chronic high-fat diet. These findings shed new light on the circadian regulation of oxidative stress pathways, which can mediate resilience to cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristine J Reitz
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Faisal J Alibhai
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruna Gazzi de Lima-Seolin
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashley Nemec-Bakk
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neelam Khaper
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tami A Martino
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Allison DB, Ren G, Peliciari-Garcia RA, Mia S, McGinnis GR, Davis J, Gamble KL, Kim JA, Young ME. Diurnal, metabolic and thermogenic alterations in a murine model of accelerated aging. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:1119-1139. [PMID: 32819176 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1796699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Senescence-Accelerated Mouse-Prone 8 (SAMP8) mice exhibit characteristics of premature aging, including hair loss, cognitive dysfunction, reduced physical activity, impaired metabolic homeostasis, cardiac dysfunction and reduced lifespan. Interestingly, circadian disruption can induce or augment many of these same pathologies. Moreover, previous studies have reported that SAMP8 mice exhibit abnormalities in circadian wheel-running behavior, indicating possible alterations in circadian clock function. These observations led to the hypothesis that 24 h rhythms in behavior and/or circadian clock function are altered in SAMP8 mice and that these alterations may contribute to perturbations in whole-body metabolism. Here, we report that 6-month-old SAMP8 mice exhibit a more prominent biphasic pattern in daily behaviors (food intake and physical activity) and whole-body metabolism (energy expenditure, respiratory exchange ratio), relative to SAMR1 control mice. Consistent with a delayed onset of food intake at the end of the light phase, SAMP8 mice exhibit a phase delay (1.3-1.9 h) in 24 h gene expression rhythms of major circadian clock components (bmal1, rev-erbα, per2, dbp) in peripheral tissues (liver, skeletal muscle, white adipose tissue [WAT], brown adipose tissue [BAT]). Forcing mice to consume food only during the dark period improved alignment of both whole-body metabolism and oscillations in expression of clock genes in peripheral tissues between SAMP8 and SAMR1 mice. Next, interrogation of metabolic genes revealed altered expression of thermogenesis mediators (ucp1, pgc1α, dio2) in WAT and/or BAT in SAMP8 mice. Interestingly, SAMP8 mice exhibit a decreased tolerance to an acute (5 h) cold challenge. Moreover, SAMP8 and SAMR1 mice exhibited differential responses to a chronic (1 week) decrease in ambient temperature; the greatest response in whole-body substrate selection was observed in SAMR1 mice. Collectively, these observations reveal differential behaviors (e.g. 24 h food intake patterns) in SAMP8 mice that are associated with perturbations in peripheral circadian clocks, metabolism and thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Allison
- School of Public Health, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Guang Ren
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rodrigo A Peliciari-Garcia
- Morphophysiology & Pathology Sector, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo , Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sobuj Mia
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Graham R McGinnis
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jennifer Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Karen L Gamble
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeong-A Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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23
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Monfredi O, Lakatta EG. Complexities in cardiovascular rhythmicity: perspectives on circadian normality, ageing and disease. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:1576-1595. [PMID: 31150049 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological rhythms exist in organisms at all levels of complexity, in most organs and at myriad time scales. Our own biological rhythms are driven by energy emitted by the sun, interacting via our retinas with brain stem centres, which then send out complex messages designed to synchronize the behaviour of peripheral non-light sensing organs, to ensure optimal physiological responsiveness and performance of the organism based on the time of day. Peripheral organs themselves have autonomous rhythmic behaviours that can act independently from central nervous system control but is entrainable. Dysregulation of biological rhythms either through environment or disease has far-reaching consequences on health that we are only now beginning to appreciate. In this review, we focus on cardiovascular rhythms in health, with ageing and under disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Monfredi
- Division of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Edward G Lakatta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, USA
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24
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Qi X, Mitter SK, Yan Y, Busik JV, Grant MB, Boulton ME. Diurnal Rhythmicity of Autophagy Is Impaired in the Diabetic Retina. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040905. [PMID: 32272782 PMCID: PMC7226792 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal homeostasis is under both diurnal and circadian regulation. We sought to investigate the diurnal expression of autophagy proteins in normal rodent retina and to determine if this is impaired in diabetic retinopathy. C57BL/6J mice and Bio-Breeding Zucker (BBZ) rats were maintained under a 12h/12h light/dark cycle and eyes, enucleated over a 24 h period. Eyes were also collected from diabetic mice with two or nine-months duration of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and Bio-Breeding Zucker diabetic rat (BBZDR/wor rats with 4-months duration of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Immunohistochemistry was performed for the autophagy proteins Atg7, Atg9, LC3 and Beclin1. These autophagy proteins (Atgs) were abundantly expressed in neural retina and endothelial cells in both mice and rats. A differential staining pattern was observed across the retinas which demonstrated a distinctive diurnal rhythmicity. All Atgs showed localization to retinal blood vessels with Atg7 being the most highly expressed. Analysis of the immunostaining demonstrated distinctive diurnal rhythmicity, of which Atg9 and LC3 shared a biphasic expression cycle with the highest level at 8:15 am and 8:15 pm. In contrast, Beclin1 revealed a 24-h cycle with the highest level observed at midnight. Atg7 was also on a 24-h cycle with peak expression at 8:15 am, coinciding with the first peak expression of Atg9 and LC3. In diabetic animals, there was a dramatic reduction in all four Atgs and the distinctive diurnal rhythmicity of these autophagy proteins was significantly impaired and phase shifted in both T1D and T2D animals. Restoration of diurnal rhythmicity and facilitation of autophagy protein expression may provide new treatment strategies for diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (X.Q.); (S.K.M.); (M.B.G.)
| | - Sayak K. Mitter
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (X.Q.); (S.K.M.); (M.B.G.)
| | - Yuanqing Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Julia V. Busik
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Maria B. Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (X.Q.); (S.K.M.); (M.B.G.)
| | - Michael E. Boulton
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (X.Q.); (S.K.M.); (M.B.G.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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Abstract
The Earth turns on its axis every 24 h; almost all life on the planet has a mechanism - circadian rhythmicity - to anticipate the daily changes caused by this rotation. The molecular clocks that control circadian rhythms are being revealed as important regulators of physiology and disease. In humans, circadian rhythms have been studied extensively in the cardiovascular system. Many cardiovascular functions, such as endothelial function, thrombus formation, blood pressure and heart rate, are now known to be regulated by the circadian clock. Additionally, the onset of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, arrhythmias and other adverse cardiovascular events show circadian rhythmicity. In this Review, we summarize the role of the circadian clock in all major cardiovascular cell types and organs. Second, we discuss the role of circadian rhythms in cardiovascular physiology and disease. Finally, we postulate how circadian rhythms can serve as a therapeutic target by exploiting or altering molecular time to improve existing therapies and develop novel ones.
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26
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Kim P, Oster H, Lehnert H, Schmid SM, Salamat N, Barclay JL, Maronde E, Inder W, Rawashdeh O. Coupling the Circadian Clock to Homeostasis: The Role of Period in Timing Physiology. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:66-95. [PMID: 30169559 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A plethora of physiological processes show stable and synchronized daily oscillations that are either driven or modulated by biological clocks. A circadian pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the ventral hypothalamus coordinates 24-hour oscillations of central and peripheral physiology with the environment. The circadian clockwork involved in driving rhythmic physiology is composed of various clock genes that are interlocked via a complex feedback loop to generate precise yet plastic oscillations of ∼24 hours. This review focuses on the specific role of the core clockwork gene Period1 and its paralogs on intra-oscillator and extra-oscillator functions, including, but not limited to, hippocampus-dependent processes, cardiovascular function, appetite control, as well as glucose and lipid homeostasis. Alterations in Period gene function have been implicated in a wide range of physical and mental disorders. At the same time, a variety of conditions including metabolic disorders also impact clock gene expression, resulting in circadian disruptions, which in turn often exacerbates the disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pureum Kim
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hendrik Lehnert
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian M Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nicole Salamat
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Johanna L Barclay
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Erik Maronde
- Department of Anatomy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Warrick Inder
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Oliver Rawashdeh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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27
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Anea CB, Merloiu AM, Fulton DJR, Patel V, Rudic RD. Immunohistochemistry of the circadian clock in mouse and human vascular tissues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 2. [PMID: 30101218 PMCID: PMC6085090 DOI: 10.20517/2574-1209.2018.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aim The circadian clock is a molecular network that controls the body
physiological rhythms. In blood vessels, the circadian clock components
modulate vascular remodeling, blood pressure, and signaling. The goal in
this study was to determine the pattern of expression of circadian clock
proteins in the endothelium, smooth muscle, and adventitia of the
vasculature of human and mouse tissues. Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed in frozen sections of mouse aorta,
common carotid artery, femoral artery, lung, and heart at 12 AM and 12 PM
for Bmal1, Clock, Npas2, Per and other clock components. Studies of
expression were also assessed in human saphenous vein both by immunoblotting
and immunohistochemistry. Results In this study, we identified the expression of Bmal1, Clock, Npas,
Per1, Cry1, and accessory clock components by immunohistochemical staining
in the endothelium, smooth muscle and adventitia of the mouse vasculature
with differing temporal and cellular profiles depending on vasculature and
tissue analyzed. The human saphenous vein also exhibited expression of clock
genes that exhibited an oscillatory pattern in Bmal1 and Cry by
immunoblotting. Conclusion These studies show that circadian clock components display
differences in expression and localization throughout the cardiovascular
system, which may confer nuances of circadian clock signaling in a
cell-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciprian B Anea
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ana M Merloiu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - David J R Fulton
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Vijay Patel
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - R Dan Rudic
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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28
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Rodrigo GC, Herbert KE. Regulation of vascular function and blood pressure by circadian variation in redox signalling. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 119:115-120. [PMID: 29106991 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.10.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that makes the link between the circadian variation in blood pressure and circadian variations in vascular contraction. The importance of vascular endothelium-derived redox-active and redox-derived species in the signalling pathways involved in controlling vascular smooth muscle contraction are well known, and when linked to the circadian variations in the processes involved in generating these species, suggests a cellular mechanism for the circadian variations in blood pressure that links directly to the peripheral circadian clock. Relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells involves endothelial-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) which is nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), and endothelial-derived hyperpolarising factor (EDHF) which includes hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produced by NADPH oxidase (Nox). Both of these enzymes appear to be under the direct control of the circadian clock mechanism in the endothelial cells, and disruption to the clock results in endothelial and vascular dysfunction. In this review, we focus on EDRF and EDHF and summarise the recent findings on the influence of the peripheral circadian clock mechanism on processes involved in generating the redox species involved and how this influences vascular contractility, which may account for some of the circadian variations in blood pressure and peripheral resistance. Moreover, the direct link between the peripheral circadian clock and redox-signalling pathways in the vasculature, has a bearing on vascular endothelial dysfunction in disease and aging, which are both known to lead to dysfunction of the circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn C Rodrigo
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom.
| | - Karl E Herbert
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Peliciari-Garcia RA, Darley-Usmar V, Young ME. An overview of the emerging interface between cardiac metabolism, redox biology and the circadian clock. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 119:75-84. [PMID: 29432800 PMCID: PMC6314011 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
At various biological levels, mammals must integrate with 24-hr rhythms in their environment. Daily fluctuations in stimuli/stressors of cardiac metabolism and oxidation-reduction (redox) status have been reported over the course of the day. It is therefore not surprising that the heart exhibits dramatic oscillations in various cellular processes over the course of the day, including transcription, translation, ion homeostasis, metabolism, and redox signaling. This temporal partitioning of cardiac processes is governed by a complex interplay between intracellular (e.g., circadian clocks) and extracellular (e.g., neurohumoral factors) influences, thus ensuring appropriate responses to daily stimuli/stresses. The purpose of the current article is to review knowledge regarding control of metabolism and redox biology in the heart over the course of the day, and to highlight whether disruption of these daily rhythms contribute towards cardiac dysfunction observed in various disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Peliciari-Garcia
- Morphophysiology & Pathology Sector, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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30
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Speed JS, Hyndman KA, Roth K, Heimlich JB, Kasztan M, Fox BM, Johnston JG, Becker BK, Jin C, Gamble KL, Young ME, Pollock JS, Pollock DM. High dietary sodium causes dyssynchrony of the renal molecular clock in rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 314:F89-F98. [PMID: 28971988 PMCID: PMC5866350 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00028.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Speed JS, Hyndman KA, Roth K, Heimlich JB, Kasztan M, Fox BM, Johnston JG, Becker BK, Jin C, Gamble KL, Young ME, Pollock JS, Pollock DM. High dietary sodium causes dyssynchrony of the renal molecular clock in rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 314: F89-F98, 2018. First published September 27, 2017; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00028.2017.-Dyssynchrony of circadian rhythms is associated with various disorders, including cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. The cell autonomous molecular clock maintains circadian control; however, environmental factors that may cause circadian dyssynchrony either within or between organ systems are poorly understood. Our laboratory recently reported that the endothelin (ET-1) B (ETB) receptor functions to facilitate Na+ excretion in a time of day-dependent manner. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine whether high salt (HS) intake leads to circadian dyssynchrony within the kidney and whether the renal endothelin system contributes to control of the renal molecular clock. We observed that HS feeding led to region-specific alterations in circadian clock components within the kidney. For instance, HS caused a significant 5.5-h phase delay in the peak expression of Bmal1 and suppressed Cry1 and Per2 expression in the renal inner medulla, but not the renal cortex, of control rats. The phase delay in Bmal1 expression appears to be mediated by ET-1 because this phenomenon was not observed in the ETB-deficient rat. In cultured inner medullary collecting duct cells, ET-1 suppressed Bmal1 mRNA expression. Furthermore, Bmal1 knockdown in these cells reduced epithelial Na+ channel expression. These data reveal that HS feeding leads to intrarenal circadian dyssynchrony mediated, in part, through activation of ETB receptors within the renal inner medulla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Speed
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kelly A Hyndman
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kaehler Roth
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Malgorzata Kasztan
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Brandon M Fox
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jermaine G Johnston
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Bryan K Becker
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Chunhua Jin
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Karen L Gamble
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Martin E Young
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jennifer S Pollock
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David M Pollock
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
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31
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Zhao Q, Wu K, Li N, Li Z, Jin F. Identification of potentially relevant genes for myocardial infarction using RNA sequencing data analysis. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:1456-1464. [PMID: 29399125 PMCID: PMC5774508 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a heart disease with high morbidity and mortality rates, thus it is critical to identify genes that serve roles during its pathogenesis. The objective of the present study was to identify potentially relevant genes during the progression of the disease. Blood samples from patients with MI and normal controls (n=3/group) were obtained, the RNA was extracted and cDNA libraries were established. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed on a HiSeq 2500 platform and fragments per kilobase of exon per million fragments mapped was utilized to calculate the gene expression value following preprocessing of the RNA-seq data. Electronic validation of several identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was performed on a Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset GSE59867 (390 cases and 46 healthy controls). Functional enrichment and protein-protein interaction network analysis was conducted for DEGs. A total of 977 DEGs, including 817 upregulated and 160 downregulated genes were identified in patients with MI. These DEGs were significantly enriched for ‘positive regulation of the immune system process,’ ‘inflammatory response,’ ‘regulation of I-kappaB-kinase/NF-kappaB signaling’ and ‘TNF signaling pathway’. A protein-protein interaction network of the top 40 DEGs was used to identify high degree genes, including interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3 (IFIT3), MX dynamin like GTPase 1 (MX1), major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ α1 (HLA-DQA1), RAR related orphan receptor A (RORA), prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS), cysteine rich protein 2 (CRIP2), collagen type VI α 2 chain (COL6A2) and S100 calcium binding protein P (S100P). The results of validation in the GEO dataset were consistent with the sequencing analysis. A total of eight genes, including IFIT3, MX1, HLA-DQA1, RORA, PTGDS, CRIP2, COL6A2 and S100P may therefore be considered as potentially relevant genes in the pathology of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University of Shandong Province, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Tai'an of Shandong Province, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Nannan Li
- Department of Respiration Medicine, Central Hospital of Tai'an of Shandong Province, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Zhengmei Li
- Department of Radiology, Taishan Medical University of Shandong Province, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Fenglin Jin
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University of Shandong Province, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
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Peliciari-Garcia RA, Bargi-Souza P, Young ME, Nunes MT. Repercussions of hypo and hyperthyroidism on the heart circadian clock. Chronobiol Int 2017; 35:147-159. [PMID: 29111822 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1388253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial gene expression and metabolism fluctuate over the course of the day in association with changes in energy supply and demand. Time-of-day-dependent oscillations in myocardial processes have been linked to the intrinsic cardiomyocyte circadian clock. Triiodothyronine (T3) is an important modulator of heart metabolism and function. Recently, our group has reported time-of-day-dependent rhythms in cardiac T3 sensitivity, as well as, T3-mediated acute alterations on core clock components. Hypo and hyperthyroidism are the second most prevalent endocrine disease worldwide. Considering the importance of the cardiomyocyte circadian clock and T3 to cardiac physiology, the aim of this study was to investigate the consequences of chronic hypo and hyperthyroidism on 24-h rhythms of circadian clock genes in the heart. Hypo and hyperthyroidism was induced in rats by thyroidectomy (Tx) and i.p. injections of supraphysiological dose of T3, respectively. Here we report alterations in mRNA levels of the major core clock components (Bmal1, Per2, Nr1d1, and Rora) for both experimental conditions (with the exception of Per2 during hyperthyroid condition). Oscillations in mRNA levels of key glucose and fatty-acid metabolism genes known to be clock controlled (Pdk4, Ucp3, Acot1, and Cd36) were equally affected by the experimental conditions, especially during the hypothyroid state. These findings suggest that chronic alterations in thyroid status significantly impacts 24-h rhythms in circadian clock and metabolic genes in the heart. Whether these perturbations contribute toward the pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction associated with hypo and hyperthyroidism requires further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Peliciari-Garcia
- a Morphophysiology & Pathology Sector, Department of Biological Sciences , Federal University of São Paulo , Diadema , Brazil.,b Department of Physiology and Biophysics , Institute of Biomedical Sciences-I, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Paula Bargi-Souza
- b Department of Physiology and Biophysics , Institute of Biomedical Sciences-I, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Martin E Young
- c Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , AL , USA
| | - Maria Tereza Nunes
- b Department of Physiology and Biophysics , Institute of Biomedical Sciences-I, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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Young ME. Circadian Control of Cardiac Metabolism: Physiologic Roles and Pathologic Implications. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2017; 13:15-19. [PMID: 28413577 DOI: 10.14797/mdcj-13-1-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the course of the day, the heart is challenged with dramatic fluctuations in energetic demand and nutrient availability. It is therefore not surprising that rhythms in cardiac metabolism have been reported at multiple levels, including the utilization of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids. Evidence has emerged suggesting that the cardiomyocyte circadian clock is in large part responsible for governing cardiac metabolic rhythms. In doing so, the cardiomyocyte clock temporally partitions ATP generation for increased contractile function during the active period, promotes nutrient storage at the end of the active period, and facilitates protein turnover (synthesis and degradation) during the beginning of the sleep phase. This review highlights the roles of cardiac metabolism rhythms as well as the potential pathological consequences of their impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin E Young
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Du Pré BC, Demkes EJ, Feyen DAM, Dierickx P, Crnko S, Kok BJM, Sluijter JPG, Doevendans PA, Vos MA, Van Veen TAB, Van Laake LW. SCA1 + Cells from the Heart Possess a Molecular Circadian Clock and Display Circadian Oscillations in Cellular Functions. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:762-769. [PMID: 28803917 PMCID: PMC5599230 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell antigen 1-positive (SCA1+) cells (SPCs) have been investigated in cell-based cardiac repair and pharmacological research, although improved cardiac function after injection has been variable and the mode of action remains unclear. Circadian (24-hr) rhythms are biorhythms regulated by molecular clocks that play an important role in (patho)physiology. Here, we describe (1) the presence of a molecular circadian clock in SPCs and (2) circadian rhythmicity in SPC function. We isolated SPCs from human fetal heart and found that these cells possess a molecular clock based on typical oscillations in core clock components BMAL1 and CRY1. Functional analyses revealed that circadian rhythmicity also governs SPC proliferation, stress tolerance, and growth factor release, with large differences between peaks and troughs. We conclude that SPCs contain a circadian molecular clock that controls crucial cellular functions. Taking circadian rhythms into account may improve reproducibility and outcome of research and therapies using SPCs. SCA1+ cells are a cell source used in pharmacology studies and cardiac repair SCA1+ cells possess a molecular circadian (24-hr) clock Proliferation, stress tolerance, and paracrine secretion follow a circadian pattern Taking rhythmicity into account may improve studies using SCA1+ cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan C Du Pré
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, and Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, and Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Evelyne J Demkes
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, and Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, and Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dries A M Feyen
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, and Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Pieterjan Dierickx
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, and Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands; Hubrecht Institute-KNAW, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra Crnko
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, and Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bart J M Kok
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, and Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, and Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter A Doevendans
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, and Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marc A Vos
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, and Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Toon A B Van Veen
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, and Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Linda W Van Laake
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, and Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Durgan DJ, Crossland RF, Bryan RM. The rat cerebral vasculature exhibits time-of-day-dependent oscillations in circadian clock genes and vascular function that are attenuated following obstructive sleep apnea. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:2806-2819. [PMID: 27798273 PMCID: PMC5536790 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16675879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clock components oscillate in cells of the cardiovascular system. Disruption of these oscillations has been observed in cardiovascular diseases. We hypothesized that obstructive sleep apnea, which is associated with cerebrovascular diseases, disrupts the cerebrovascular circadian clock and rhythms in vascular function. Apneas were produced in rats during sleep. Following two weeks of sham or obstructive sleep apnea, cerebral arteries were isolated over 24 h for mRNA and functional analysis. mRNA expression of clock genes exhibited 24-h rhythms in cerebral arteries of sham rats (p < 0.05). Interestingly, peak expression of clock genes was significantly lower following obstructive sleep apnea (p < 0.05). Obstructive sleep apnea did not alter clock genes in the heart, or rhythms in locomotor activity. Isolated posterior cerebral arteries from sham rats exhibited a diurnal rhythm in sensitivity to luminally applied ATP, being most responsive at the beginning of the active phase (p < 0.05). This rhythm was absent in arteries from obstructive sleep apnea rats (p < 0.05). Rhythms in ATP sensitivity in sham vessels were absent, and not different from obstructive sleep apnea, following treatment with L-NAME and indomethacin. We conclude that cerebral arteries possess a functional circadian clock and exhibit a diurnal rhythm in vasoreactivity to ATP. Obstructive sleep apnea attenuates these rhythms in cerebral arteries, potentially contributing to obstructive sleep apnea-associated cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Durgan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Randy F Crossland
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Robert M Bryan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
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Potucek P, Radik M, Doka G, Kralova E, Krenek P, Klimas J. mRNA levels of circadian clock components Bmal1 and Per2 alter independently from dosing time-dependent efficacy of combination treatment with valsartan and amlodipine in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2017; 39:754-763. [PMID: 28665713 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2017.1324480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronopharmacological effects of antihypertensives play a role in the outcome of hypertension therapy. However, studies produce contradictory findings when combination of valsartan plus amlodipine (VA) is applied. Here, we hypothesized different efficacy of morning versus evening dosing of VA in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and the involvement of circadian clock genes Bmal1 and Per2. We tested the therapy outcome in short-term and also long-term settings. SHRs aged between 8 and 10 weeks were treated with 10 mg/kg of valsartan and 4 mg/kg of amlodipine, either in the morning or in the evening with treatment duration 1 or 6 weeks and compared with parallel placebo groups. After short-term treatment, only morning dosing resulted in significant blood pressure (BP) control (measured by tail-cuff method) when compared to placebo, while after long-term treatment, both dosing groups gained similar superior results in BP control against placebo. However, mRNA levels of Bmal1 and Per2 (measured by RT-PCR) exhibited an independent pattern, with similar alterations in left and right ventricle, kidney as well as in aorta predominantly in groups with evening dosing in both, short-term and also long-term settings. This was accompanied by increased cardiac mRNA expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. In summary, morning dosing proved to be advantageous due to earlier onset of antihypertensive action; however, long-term treatment was demonstrated to be effective regardless of administration time. Our findings also suggest that combination of VA may serve as an independent modulator of circadian clock and might influence disease progression beyond the primary BP lowering effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Potucek
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Department Pharmacology and Toxicology , Comenius University Bratislava , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Michal Radik
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Department Pharmacology and Toxicology , Comenius University Bratislava , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Gabriel Doka
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Department Pharmacology and Toxicology , Comenius University Bratislava , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Kralova
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Department Pharmacology and Toxicology , Comenius University Bratislava , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Krenek
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Department Pharmacology and Toxicology , Comenius University Bratislava , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Klimas
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Department Pharmacology and Toxicology , Comenius University Bratislava , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
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Bhatwadekar AD, Beli E, Diao Y, Chen J, Luo Q, Alex A, Caballero S, Dominguez JM, Salazar TE, Busik JV, Segal MS, Grant MB. Conditional Deletion of Bmal1 Accentuates Microvascular and Macrovascular Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:1426-1435. [PMID: 28432873 PMCID: PMC5455061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein (BMAL)-1 constitutes a major transcriptional regulator of the circadian clock. Here, we explored the impact of conditional deletion of Bmal1 in endothelium and hematopoietic cells in murine models of microvascular and macrovascular injury. We used two models of Bmal1fx/fx;Tek-Cre mice, a retinal ischemia/reperfusion model and a neointimal hyperplasia model of the femoral artery. Eyes were enumerated for acellular capillaries and were stained for oxidative damage markers using nitrotyrosine immunohistochemistry. LSK (lineage-negative, stem cell antigen-1-positive, c-Kit-positive) cells were quantified and proliferation assessed. Hematopoiesis is influenced by innervation to the bone marrow, which we assessed using IHC analysis. The number of acellular capillaries increased threefold, and nitrotyrosine staining increased 1.5-fold, in the retinas of Bmal1fx/fx;Tek-Cre mice. The number of LSK cells from the Bmal1fx/fx;Tek-Cre mice decreased by 1.5-fold and was accompanied by a profound decrease in proliferative potential. Bmal1fx/fx;Tek-Cre mice also exhibited evidence of bone marrow denervation, demonstrating a loss of neurofilament-200 staining. Injured femoral arteries showed a 20% increase in neointimal hyperplasia compared with similarly injured wild-type controls. Our study highlights the importance of the circadian clock in maintaining vascular homeostasis and demonstrates that specific deletion of BMAL1 in endothelial and hematopoietic cells results in phenotypic features similar to those of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashay D Bhatwadekar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
| | - Eleni Beli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Yanpeng Diao
- Department of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jonathan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Qianyi Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Alpha Alex
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sergio Caballero
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - James M Dominguez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Tatiana E Salazar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Julia V Busik
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Mark S Segal
- Department of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Maria B Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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Takarada T, Xu C, Ochi H, Nakazato R, Yamada D, Nakamura S, Kodama A, Shimba S, Mieda M, Fukasawa K, Ozaki K, Iezaki T, Fujikawa K, Yoneda Y, Numano R, Hida A, Tei H, Takeda S, Hinoi E. Bone Resorption Is Regulated by Circadian Clock in Osteoblasts. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:872-881. [PMID: 27925286 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that endochondral ossification is finely regulated by the Clock system expressed in chondrocytes during postnatal skeletogenesis. Here we show a sophisticated modulation of bone resorption and bone mass by the Clock system through its expression in bone-forming osteoblasts. Brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1 (Bmal1) and Period1 (Per1) were expressed with oscillatory rhythmicity in the bone in vivo, and circadian rhythm was also observed in cultured osteoblasts of Per1::luciferase transgenic mice. Global deletion of murine Bmal1, a core component of the Clock system, led to a low bone mass, associated with increased bone resorption. This phenotype was recapitulated by the deletion of Bmal1 in osteoblasts alone. Co-culture experiments revealed that Bmal1-deficient osteoblasts have a higher ability to support osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2 D3 ]-induced receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (Rankl) expression was more strongly enhanced in both Bmal1-deficient bone and cultured osteoblasts, whereas overexpression of Bmal1/Clock conversely inhibited it in osteoblasts. These results suggest that bone resorption and bone mass are regulated at a sophisticated level by osteoblastic Clock system through a mechanism relevant to the modulation of 1,25(OH)2 D3 -induced Rankl expression in osteoblasts. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Takarada
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ochi
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Nakazato
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamada
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Saki Nakamura
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kodama
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shigeki Shimba
- Department of Health Science, College of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Michihiro Mieda
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuya Fukasawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kakeru Ozaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Iezaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Koichi Fujikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yukio Yoneda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Rika Numano
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, and Electronics-Inspired Interdisciplinary Research Institute (EIIRIS), Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akiko Hida
- Department of Psychophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Tei
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shu Takeda
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiichi Hinoi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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Vrijens K, Winckelmans E, Tsamou M, Baeyens W, De Boever P, Jennen D, de Kok TM, Den Hond E, Lefebvre W, Plusquin M, Reynders H, Schoeters G, Van Larebeke N, Vanpoucke C, Kleinjans J, Nawrot TS. Sex-Specific Associations between Particulate Matter Exposure and Gene Expression in Independent Discovery and Validation Cohorts of Middle-Aged Men and Women. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:660-669. [PMID: 27740511 PMCID: PMC5381989 DOI: 10.1289/ehp370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particulate matter (PM) exposure leads to premature death, mainly due to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. OBJECTIVES Identification of transcriptomic biomarkers of air pollution exposure and effect in a healthy adult population. METHODS Microarray analyses were performed in 98 healthy volunteers (48 men, 50 women). The expression of eight sex-specific candidate biomarker genes (significantly associated with PM10 in the discovery cohort and with a reported link to air pollution-related disease) was measured with qPCR in an independent validation cohort (75 men, 94 women). Pathway analysis was performed using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Average daily PM2.5 and PM10 exposures over 2-years were estimated for each participant's residential address using spatiotemporal interpolation in combination with a dispersion model. RESULTS Average long-term PM10 was 25.9 (± 5.4) and 23.7 (± 2.3) μg/m3 in the discovery and validation cohorts, respectively. In discovery analysis, associations between PM10 and the expression of individual genes differed by sex. In the validation cohort, long-term PM10 was associated with the expression of DNAJB5 and EAPP in men and ARHGAP4 (p = 0.053) in women. AKAP6 and LIMK1 were significantly associated with PM10 in women, although associations differed in direction between the discovery and validation cohorts. Expression of the eight candidate genes in the discovery cohort differentiated between validation cohort participants with high versus low PM10 exposure (area under the receiver operating curve = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.85, 1.00; p = 0.0002 in men, 0.86; 95% CI: 0.76, 0.96; p = 0.004 in women). CONCLUSIONS Expression of the sex-specific candidate genes identified in the discovery population predicted PM10 exposure in an independent cohort of adults from the same area. Confirmation in other populations may further support this as a new approach for exposure assessment, and may contribute to the discovery of molecular mechanisms for PM-induced health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Vrijens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ellen Winckelmans
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Maria Tsamou
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Willy Baeyens
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick De Boever
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Environmental Risk and Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Danyel Jennen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Theo M. de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Elly Den Hond
- Environmental Risk and Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
- Provincial Institute for Hygiene, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wouter Lefebvre
- Environmental Risk and Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Hans Reynders
- Environment, Nature and Energy Department, Flemish Government, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Greet Schoeters
- Environmental Risk and Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Public Health, Department of Environmental Medicine, Odense, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Van Larebeke
- Department of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Jos Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Tim S. Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
- Address correspondence to T.S. Nawrot, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. Telephone: 0032/11-26.83.82. E-mail:
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Bulluck H, Nicholas J, Crimi G, White SK, Ludman AJ, Pica S, Raineri C, Cabrera-Fuentes HA, Yellon D, Rodriguez-Palomares J, Garcia-Dorado D, Hausenloy DJ. Circadian variation in acute myocardial infarct size assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in reperfused STEMI patients. Int J Cardiol 2016; 230:149-154. [PMID: 28038815 PMCID: PMC5267633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical studies using serum cardiac biomarkers to investigate a circadian variation in acute myocardial infarct (MI) size in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients reperfused by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) have produced mixed results. We aimed to investigate this phenomenon using acute MI size measured by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). METHODS Patient-level data was obtained from 4 randomized controlled trials investigating the MI-limiting effects of cardioprotective therapies in this pooled analysis. The primary analysis was performed in those patients with no pre-infarct angina; duration of ischemia >60min and <360min; Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow pre-PPCI ≤1; TIMI flow post-PPCI 3; and no collateral flow. RESULTS 169 out of 376 patients with CMR data met the inclusion criteria for the primary analysis. A 24-hour circadian variation in acute MI size as a % of the area-at-risk (%AAR), after adjusting for confounders, was observed with a peak and nadir MI size in patients with symptom onset between 00:00 and 01:00 and between 12:00 and 13:00 respectively (difference from the average MI size 5.2%, 95%CI 1.1-9.4%; p=0.013). This was associated with a non-significant circadian variation in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (difference from the average LVEF 5.9%, 95%CI -0.6-2.2%, p=0.073). There was no circadian variation in MI size or LVEF in the whole cohort. CONCLUSIONS We report a circadian variation in acute MI size assessed by CMR in a subset of STEMI patients treated by PPCI, with the largest and smallest MI size occurring in patients with symptom onset between 00:00 and 01:00 and between 12:00 and 13:00 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heerajnarain Bulluck
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK; The National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UK; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Gabriele Crimi
- Struttura Complessa Cardiologia, Fondazione Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Steven K White
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK
| | - Andrew J Ludman
- Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Silvia Pica
- Struttura Complessa Cardiologia, Fondazione Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Struttura Complessa Cardiologia, Azienda Ospedaliera SS: Antonio e Biagio, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Claudia Raineri
- Struttura Complessa Cardiologia, Fondazione Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Hector A Cabrera-Fuentes
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Derek Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK
| | - Jose Rodriguez-Palomares
- Cardiology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Garcia-Dorado
- Cardiology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK; The National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UK; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Gottlieb LA, Lubberding A, Larsen AP, Thomsen MB. Circadian rhythm in QT interval is preserved in mice deficient of potassium channel interacting protein 2. Chronobiol Int 2016; 34:45-56. [PMID: 27736193 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2016.1225074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Potassium Channel Interacting Protein 2 (KChIP2) is suggested to be responsible for the circadian rhythm in repolarization duration, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. We investigated the hypothesis that there is no circadian rhythm in QT interval in the absence of KChIP2. Implanted telemetric devices recorded electrocardiogram continuously for 5 days in conscious wild-type mice (WT, n = 9) and KChIP2-/- mice (n = 9) in light:dark periods and in complete darkness. QT intervals were determined from all RR intervals and corrected for heart rate (QT100 = QT/(RR/100)1/2). Moreover, QT intervals were determined from complexes within the RR range of mean-RR ± 1% in the individual mouse (QTmean-RR). We find that RR intervals are 125 ± 5 ms in WT and 123 ± 4 ms in KChIP2-/- (p = 0.81), and QT intervals are 52 ± 1 and 52 ± 1 ms, respectively(p = 0.89). No ventricular arrhythmias or sudden cardiac deaths were observed. We find similar diurnal (light:dark) and circadian (darkness) rhythms of RR intervals in WT and KChIP2-/- mice. Circadian rhythms in QT100 intervals are present in both groups, but at physiological small amplitudes: 1.6 ± 0.2 and 1.0 ± 0.3 ms in WT and KChIP2-/-, respectively (p = 0.15). A diurnal rhythm in QT100 intervals was only found in WT mice. QTmean-RR intervals display clear diurnal and circadian rhythms in both WT and KChIP2-/-. The amplitude of the circadian rhythm in QTmean-RR is 4.0 ± 0.3 and 3.1 ± 0.5 ms in WT and KChIP2-/-, respectively (p = 0.16). In conclusion, KChIP2 expression does not appear to underlie the circadian rhythm in repolarization duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Gottlieb
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Anniek Lubberding
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Anders Peter Larsen
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Morten B Thomsen
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
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Peliciari-Garcia RA, Prévide RM, Nunes MT, Young ME. Interrelationship between 3,5,3´-triiodothyronine and the circadian clock in the rodent heart. Chronobiol Int 2016; 33:1444-1454. [PMID: 27661292 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2016.1229673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Triiodothyronine (T3) is an important modulator of cardiac metabolism and function, often through modulation of gene expression. The cardiomyocyte circadian clock is a transcriptionally based molecular mechanism capable of regulating cardiac processes, in part by modulating responsiveness of the heart to extra-cardiac stimuli/stresses in a time-of-day (TOD)-dependent manner. Although TOD-dependent oscillations in circulating levels of T3 (and its intermediates) have been established, oscillations in T3 sensitivity in the heart is unknown. To investigate the latter possibility, euthyroid male Wistar rats were treated with vehicle or T3 at distinct times of the day, after which induction of known T3 target genes were assessed in the heart (4-h later). The expression of mRNA was assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Here, we report greater T3 induction of transcript levels at the end of the dark phase. Surprisingly, use of cardiomyocyte-specific clock mutant (CCM) mice revealed that TOD-dependent oscillations in T3 sensitivity were independent of this cell autonomous mechanism. Investigation of genes encoding for proteins that affect T3 sensitivity revealed that Dio1, Dio2 and Thrb1 exhibited TOD-dependent variations in the heart, while Thra1 and Thra2 did not. Of these, Dio1 and Thrb1 were increased in the heart at the end of the dark phase. Interestingly, we observed that T3 acutely altered the expression of core clock components (e.g. Bmal1) in the rat heart. To investigate this further, rats were injected with a single dose of T3, after which expression of clock genes was interrogated at 3-h intervals over the subsequent 24-h period. These studies revealed robust effects of T3 on oscillations of both core clock components and clock-controlled genes. In summary, the current study exposed TOD-dependent sensitivity to T3 in the heart and its effects in the circadian clock genes expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Antonio Peliciari-Garcia
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Federal University of São Paulo , Diadema.,b Institute of Biomedical Sciences-I, Department of Physiology and Biophysics , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Rafael Maso Prévide
- b Institute of Biomedical Sciences-I, Department of Physiology and Biophysics , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Maria Tereza Nunes
- b Institute of Biomedical Sciences-I, Department of Physiology and Biophysics , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Martin Elliot Young
- c Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , AL , USA
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Kurdi M, Cerutti C, Randon J, McGregor L, Bricca G. Macroarray analysis in the hypertrophic left ventricle of renin-dependent hypertensive rats: identification of target genes for renin. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2016; 5:72-8. [PMID: 15295718 DOI: 10.3317/jraas.2004.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this work was to identify new renin target genes in left ventricular hypertrophy during hypertension. Materials and methods We compared left ventricle gene expression from four transgenic TGR(mRen2)27 (TG+/-) rats and four non-transgenic littermates (TG-/-) using cDNA macroarray. Hybridisation signals were quantified with a phosphorimager, and normalised to an external scale. Data analysis was performed with Statistical Analysis for Microarrays (SAM 1.21) software. The mRNA levels of candidate genes were determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR in three different hypertensive rats: TG+/-, spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and genetically Lyon hypertensive (LH) rats, compared to their respective controls (TG-/-, Wistar-Kyoto, Lyon low blood pressure rats). Results Out of 1,200 genes present on the macroarray, 233 were reliably measured and only three were overexpressed (Biglycan, β1-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase [AMPK] and amyloid precursor like protein 2 [APLP2]) and 19 were underexpressed in the left ventricle of TG+/compared with TG-/-. APLP2 is a member of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) family. APLP2 and APP mRNA levels were increased in TGR(mRen2)27 but significantly decreased in LH rats, while only APP was increased in SHR rats. Conclusions We report new genes associated with renin-dependent left ventricular hypertrophy. Moreover, this work shows for the first time that the APP family gene expression could be altered in response to high renin activity and this effect is independent of cardiac remodelling and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Kurdi
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Génomique fonctionnelle dans l'athéro-thrombose, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, UFR de Médecine RTH Laennec, France
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Wang Y, Pati P, Xu Y, Chen F, Stepp DW, Huo Y, Rudic RD, Fulton DJR. Endotoxin Disrupts Circadian Rhythms in Macrophages via Reactive Oxygen Species. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155075. [PMID: 27168152 PMCID: PMC4863972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is a transcriptional network that functions to regulate the expression of genes important in the anticipation of changes in cellular and organ function. Recent studies have revealed that the recognition of pathogens and subsequent initiation of inflammatory responses are strongly regulated by a macrophage-intrinsic circadian clock. We hypothesized that the circadian pattern of gene expression might be influenced by inflammatory stimuli and that loss of circadian function in immune cells can promote pro-inflammatory behavior. To investigate circadian rhythms in inflammatory cells, peritoneal macrophages were isolated from mPer2luciferase transgenic mice and circadian oscillations were studied in response to stimuli. Using Cosinor analysis, we found that LPS significantly altered the circadian period in peritoneal macrophages from mPer2luciferase mice while qPCR data suggested that the pattern of expression of the core circadian gene (Bmal1) was disrupted. Inhibition of TLR4 offered protection from the LPS-induced impairment in rhythm, suggesting a role for toll-like receptor signaling. To explore the mechanisms involved, we inhibited LPS-stimulated NO and superoxide. Inhibition of NO synthesis with L-NAME had no effect on circadian rhythms. In contrast, inhibition of superoxide with Tempol or PEG-SOD ameliorated the LPS-induced changes in circadian periodicity. In gain of function experiments, we found that overexpression of NOX5, a source of ROS, could significantly disrupt circadian function in a circadian reporter cell line (U2OS) whereas iNOS overexpression, a source of NO, was ineffective. To assess whether alteration of circadian rhythms influences macrophage function, peritoneal macrophages were isolated from Bmal1-KO and Per-TKO mice. Compared to WT macrophages, macrophages from circadian knockout mice exhibited altered balance between NO and ROS release, increased uptake of oxLDL and increased adhesion and migration. These results suggest that pro-inflammatory stimuli can disrupt circadian rhythms in macrophages and that impaired circadian rhythms may contribute to cardiovascular diseases by altering macrophage behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusi Wang
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Paramita Pati
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yiming Xu
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Feng Chen
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - David W. Stepp
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - R. Daniel Rudic
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DF); (RDR)
| | - David J. R. Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DF); (RDR)
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Takeda N, Maemura K. Circadian clock and the onset of cardiovascular events. Hypertens Res 2016; 39:383-90. [PMID: 26888119 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The onset of cardiovascular diseases often shows time-of-day variation. Acute myocardial infarction or ventricular arrhythmia such as ventricular tachycardia occurs mainly in the early morning. Multiple biochemical and physiological parameters show circadian rhythm, which may account for the diurnal variation of cardiovascular events. These include the variations in blood pressure, activity of the autonomic nervous system and renin-angiotensin axis, coagulation cascade, vascular tone and the intracellular metabolism of cardiomyocytes. Importantly, the molecular clock system seems to underlie the circadian variation of these parameters. The center of the biological clock, also known as the central clock, exists in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. In contrast, the molecular clock system is also activated in each cell of the peripheral organs and constitute the peripheral clock. The biological clock system is currently considered to have a beneficial role in maintaining the homeostasis of each organ. Discoordination, however, between the peripheral clock and external environment could potentially underlie the development of cardiovascular events. Therefore, understanding the molecular and cellular pathways by which cardiovascular events occur in a diurnal oscillatory pattern will help the establishment of a novel therapeutic approach to the management of cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiko Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Maemura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Dashti HS, Aslibekyan S, Scheer FAJL, Smith CE, Lamon-Fava S, Jacques P, Lai CQ, Tucker KL, Arnett DK, Ordovás JM. Clock Genes Explain a Large Proportion of Phenotypic Variance in Systolic Blood Pressure and This Control Is Not Modified by Environmental Temperature. Am J Hypertens 2016; 29:132-40. [PMID: 26045533 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpv082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diurnal variation in blood pressure (BP) is regulated, in part, by an endogenous circadian clock; however, few human studies have identified associations between clock genes and BP. Accounting for environmental temperature may be necessary to correct for seasonal bias. METHODS We examined whether environmental temperature on the day of participants' assessment was associated with BP, using adjusted linear regression models in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) (n = 819) and the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (BPRHS) (n = 1,248) cohorts. We estimated phenotypic variance in BP by 18 clock genes and examined individual single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associations with BP using an additive genetic model, with further consideration of environmental temperature. RESULTS In GOLDN, each additional 1 °C increase in environmental temperature was associated with 0.18 mm Hg lower systolic BP [SBP; β ± SE = -0.18 ± 0.05 mm Hg; P = 0.0001] and 0.10mm Hg lower diastolic BP [DBP; -0.10 ± 0.03 mm Hg; P = 0.001]. Similar results were seen in the BPRHS for SBP only. Clock genes explained a statistically significant proportion of the variance in SBP [V G/V P ± SE = 0.071 ± 0.03; P = 0.001] in GOLDN, but not in the BPRHS, and we did not observe associations between individual SNPs and BP. Environmental temperature did not influence the identified genetic associations. CONCLUSIONS We identified clock genes that explained a statistically significant proportion of the phenotypic variance in SBP, supporting the importance of the circadian pathway underlying cardiac physiology. Although temperature was associated with BP, it did not affect results with genetic markers in either study. Therefore, it does not appear that temperature measures are necessary for interpreting associations between clock genes and BP. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Trials related to this study were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00083369 (Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Triglycerides) and NCT01231958 (Boston Puerto Rican Health Study).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan S Dashti
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
| | - Stella Aslibekyan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caren E Smith
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stefania Lamon-Fava
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul Jacques
- Nutritional Epidemiology Laboratory, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chao-Qiang Lai
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Donna K Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - José M Ordovás
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Centro Nacional Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Alimentación (IMDEA-FOOD), Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Circadian rhythms have a major role in physiology and behavior. Circadian disruption has negative consequences for physiologic homeostasis at molecular, cellular, organ-system, and whole-organism levels. The onset of many cerebrovascular insults shows circadian temporal trends. Impaired sleep-wake cycle, the most robust output rhythms of the circadian system, is significantly affected by neurodegenerative disorders, may precede them by decades, and may also affect their progression. Emerging evidence suggests that circadian disruption may be a risk factor for these neurologic disorders. This article discusses the implications of circadian rhythms in brain disorders, with an emphasis on cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Videnovic
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 600, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Phyllis C Zee
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Abbott Hall 11th Floor, 710 North Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Floras JS. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, continuous positive airway pressure and treatment of hypertension. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 763:28-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Scott EM. Circadian clocks, obesity and cardiometabolic function. Diabetes Obes Metab 2015; 17 Suppl 1:84-9. [PMID: 26332972 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Life on earth is governed by the continuous 24-h cycle of light and dark. Organisms have adapted to this environment with clear diurnal rhythms in their physiology and metabolism, enabling them to anticipate predictable environmental fluctuations over the day and to optimize the timing of relevant biological processes to this cycle. These rhythms are regulated by molecular circadian clocks, and current evidence suggests that interactions between the central and peripheral molecular clocks are important in metabolic and vascular functions. Disrupting this process through mutations in the core clock genes or by interfering with the environmental zeitgebers that entrain the clock appear to modulate the function of cells and tissues, leading to an increased risk for cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Scott
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine Clarendon Way, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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