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Beslika E, Leite-Moreira A, De Windt LJ, da Costa Martins PA. Large animal models of pressure overload-induced cardiac left ventricular hypertrophy to study remodelling of the human heart with aortic stenosis. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:461-475. [PMID: 38428029 PMCID: PMC11060489 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathologic cardiac hypertrophy is a common consequence of many cardiovascular diseases, including aortic stenosis (AS). AS is known to increase the pressure load of the left ventricle, causing a compensative response of the cardiac muscle, which progressively will lead to dilation and heart failure. At a cellular level, this corresponds to a considerable increase in the size of cardiomyocytes, known as cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, while their proliferation capacity is attenuated upon the first developmental stages. Cardiomyocytes, in order to cope with the increased workload (overload), suffer alterations in their morphology, nuclear content, energy metabolism, intracellular homeostatic mechanisms, contractile activity, and cell death mechanisms. Moreover, modifications in the cardiomyocyte niche, involving inflammation, immune infiltration, fibrosis, and angiogenesis, contribute to the subsequent events of a pathologic hypertrophic response. Considering the emerging need for a better understanding of the condition and treatment improvement, as the only available treatment option of AS consists of surgical interventions at a late stage of the disease, when the cardiac muscle state is irreversible, large animal models have been developed to mimic the human condition, to the greatest extend. Smaller animal models lack physiological, cellular and molecular mechanisms that sufficiently resemblance humans and in vitro techniques yet fail to provide adequate complexity. Animals, such as the ferret (Mustello purtorius furo), lapine (rabbit, Oryctolagus cunigulus), feline (cat, Felis catus), canine (dog, Canis lupus familiaris), ovine (sheep, Ovis aries), and porcine (pig, Sus scrofa), have contributed to research by elucidating implicated cellular and molecular mechanisms of the condition. Essential discoveries of each model are reported and discussed briefly in this review. Results of large animal experimentation could further be interpreted aiming at prevention of the disease progress or, alternatively, at regression of the implicated pathologic mechanisms to a physiologic state. This review summarizes the important aspects of the pathophysiology of LV hypertrophy and the applied surgical large animal models that currently better mimic the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Beslika
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Leon J De Windt
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Paula A da Costa Martins
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
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Zhang M, Wei J, Sun Y, He C, Ma S, Pan X, Zhu X. The efferocytosis process in aging: Supporting evidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic prospects for age-related diseases. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00109-7. [PMID: 38499245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is characterized by an ongoing struggle between the buildup of damage caused by a combination of external and internal factors. Aging has different effects on phagocytes, including impaired efferocytosis. A deficiency in efferocytosis can cause chronic inflammation, aging, and several other clinical disorders. AIM OF REVIEW Our review underscores the possible feasibility and extensive scope of employing dual targets in various age-related diseases to reduce the occurrence and progression of age-related diseases, ultimately fostering healthy aging and increasing lifespan. Key scientific concepts of review Hence, the concurrent implementation of strategies aimed at augmenting efferocytic mechanisms and anti-aging treatments has the potential to serve as a potent intervention for extending the duration of a healthy lifespan. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the concept and physiological effects of efferocytosis. Subsequently, we investigated the association between efferocytosis and the hallmarks of aging. Finally, we discuss growing evidence regarding therapeutic interventions for age-related disorders, focusing on the physiological processes of aging and efferocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Chang He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Shiyin Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xudong Pan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
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Gao J, Huang C, Kong L, Zhou W, Sun M, Wei T, Shen W. SIRT3 Regulates Clearance of Apoptotic Cardiomyocytes by Deacetylating Frataxin. Circ Res 2023; 133:631-647. [PMID: 37646156 PMCID: PMC10498872 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efferocytosis is an activity of macrophages that is pivotal for the resolution of inflammation in hypertension. The precise mechanism by which macrophages coordinate efferocytosis and internalize apoptotic cardiomyocytes remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether SIRT3 (sirtuin-3) is required for both apoptotic cardiomyocyte engulfment and anti-inflammatory responses during efferocytosis. METHODS We generated myeloid SIRT3 knockout mice and FXN (frataxin) knock-in mice carrying an acetylation-defective lysine to arginine K189R mutation (FXNK189R). The mice were given Ang II (angiotensin II) infusion for 7 days. We analyzed cardiac macrophages' mitochondrial iron levels, efferocytosis activity, and phenotype both in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS We showed that SIRT3 deficiency exacerbated Ang II-induced downregulation of the efferocytosis receptor MerTK (c-Mer tyrosine kinase) and proinflammatory cytokine production, accompanied by disrupted mitochondrial iron homeostasis in cardiac macrophages. Quantitative acetylome analysis revealed that SIRT3 deacetylated FXN at lysine 189. Ang II attenuated SIRT3 activity and enhanced the acetylation level of FXNK189. Acetylated FXN further reduced the synthesis of ISCs (iron-sulfur clusters), resulting in mitochondrial iron accumulation. Phagocytic internalization of apoptotic cardiomyocytes increased myoglobin content, and derived iron ions promoted mitochondrial iron overload and lipid peroxidation. An iron chelator deferoxamine improved the levels of MerTK and efferocytosis, thereby attenuating proinflammatory macrophage activation. FXNK189R mice showed improved macrophage efferocytosis, reduced cardiac inflammation, and suppressed cardiac fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS The SIRT3-FXN axis has the potential to resolve cardiac inflammation by increasing macrophage efferocytosis and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital (J.G., C.H., L.K., T.W., W.S.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Chenglin Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital (J.G., C.H., L.K., T.W., W.S.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Linghui Kong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital (J.G., C.H., L.K., T.W., W.S.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Wugang Zhou
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital (W.Z.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Mengwei Sun
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital (W.Z.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Tong Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital (J.G., C.H., L.K., T.W., W.S.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Weili Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital (J.G., C.H., L.K., T.W., W.S.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
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Zan Y, Wang J, Wang W, Cui T, Xu K, Li Y, Huang X, Zhang Y, Wei N, Xing X. Inflammatory cytokines and their correlations with different left ventricular geometries and functions in PHT patients. Echocardiography 2022; 39:1589-1600. [PMID: 36376258 DOI: 10.1111/echo.15495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate relationships between hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α), interleukin-17A (IL-17A), and interferon -γ (IFN-γ), with left ventricular geometry (LVG) and function in patients with primary hypertension (PHT). METHODS A total of 396 PHT patients were assigned into four groups: Normal Geometry (NG), Concentric Remodeling (CR), Eccentric Hypertrophy (EH), and Concentric Hypertrophy (CH). The correlation between hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-17A, IFN-γ, and clinical, biochemical parameters were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis and Logistic regression. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the clinical values of hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-17A, and IFN-γ for abnormal LVG prediction. RESULTS NG, CR, EH, and CH group all presented increasingly higher levels of Hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-17A, and IFN-γ, and the increase was the most prominent in the CH group. Pearson correlation analysis showed that hs-CRP, IL-17A, and IFN-γ were all positively correlated with LASct. Hs-CRP, TNF-α, and IL-17A were all negatively correlated with GLS, LASr, and LAScd. However, IFN-γ was only negatively correlated with GLS and LAScd. Logistic regression analysis showed that hs-CRP and IL-17A were independently correlated with CR; hs-CRP, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-17A were independently correlated with EH and CH. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of hs-CRP was 0.816. When the optimal diagnostic threshold of hs-CRP was 3.04 mg/L, the sensitivity and specificity of the abnormal LVG were 72.1% and 81.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION In PHT patients, hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-17A, and IFN-γ were correlated with abnormal LVG and left ventricular function, suggesting that inflammatory cytokines may be involved in the process of PHT-induced abnormal left ventricular structure and function. In addition, hs-CRP can be used as a health screening index for patients at high risk of abnormal LVG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zan
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Integrated, Shanxi International Travel Health Care Center, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tong Cui
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yiying Li
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaochun Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanjing Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Na Wei
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xueqing Xing
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Abdelbary M, Mohamed R, Gillis EE, Diaz-Sanders K, Baban B, Brands MW, Sullivan JC. Sex differences in apoptosis do not contribute to sex differences in blood pressure or renal T cells in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1006951. [PMID: 36304583 PMCID: PMC9592703 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1006951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a physiological and anti-inflammatory form of cell death that is indispensable for normal physiology and homeostasis. Several studies have reported aberrant activation of apoptosis in various tissues at the onset of hypertension. However, the functional significance of apoptosis during essential hypertension remains largely undefined. The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that apoptosis contributes to sex differences in blood pressure and the T cell profile in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Apoptosis was measured in kidney, aorta and spleen of 13-week-old adult hypertensive male and female SHR. Female SHR had greater renal and aortic apoptosis compared to age-matched males; apoptosis in the spleen was comparable between the sexes. Based on well-established sex differences in hypertension, we tested the hypothesis that greater apoptosis in female SHR contributes to the lower BP and pro-inflammatory profile compared to males. Male and female SHR were randomized to receive vehicle or ZVAD-FMK, a cell permeable pan-caspase inhibitor, in established hypertension from 13 to 15 weeks of age or at the onset of hypertension from 6 to 12 weeks or age. Treatment with ZVAD-FMK lowered renal apoptosis in both studies, yet neither BP nor renal T cells were altered in either male or female SHR. These results suggest that apoptosis does not contribute to the control or maintenance of BP in male or female SHR or sex differences in renal T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abdelbary
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Riyaz Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Ellen E. Gillis
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Karl Diaz-Sanders
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Michael W. Brands
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Jennifer C. Sullivan
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,*Correspondence: Jennifer C. Sullivan,
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Khodir SA, Sweed E, Gadallah M, Shabaan A. Astaxanthin attenuates cardiovascular dysfunction associated with deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-induced hypertension in rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2022; 44:382-395. [PMID: 35322744 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2022.2055764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a major global health problem. It is a major risk factor of cardiovascular disease. One of the most used experimental models in studying antihypertensive action is the deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rat. This study aimed to investigate the cardiovascular protective effect of astaxanthin (ASX) in DOCA-salt-induced hypertension and its possible underlying mechanisms. METHODS A total of 48 adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: control, DOCA, and DOCA + ASX. Blood pressure, serum cardiac enzyme levels, some oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarker levels, and lipid profile levels were measured. The weight of the left ventricle to tibial length ratio was calculated. Apoptosis detection and total genomic DNA extraction in aortic and cardiac tissues were investigated. The apoptotic marker BAX was also immunohistochemically assessed in the heart and aorta. RESULTS Compared to the control group, the DOCA group was associated with a significant increase in blood pressure, serum cardiac enzyme levels, oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarker levels, lipid profile except serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL), weight of the left ventricle to tibial length, and total released DNA fragmentation level of the left ventricle and aorta and a significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) and HDL. Compared to the DOCA group, the DOCA + ASX group significantly improved the DOCA-induced changes. CONCLUSION ASX has beneficial protective effects on DOCA-salt-induced hypertension via DNA fragmentation protection, apoptosis inhibition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and its effects on lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan A Khodir
- Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Eman Sweed
- Clinical pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Marwa Gadallah
- Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Anwaar Shabaan
- Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
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Tirandi A, Carbone F, Montecucco F, Liberale L. The role of metabolic syndrome in sudden cardiac death risk: Recent evidence and future directions. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13693. [PMID: 34714544 PMCID: PMC9286662 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a frequent condition whose deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system are often underestimated. MetS is nowadays considered a real pandemic with an estimated prevalence of 25% in general population. Individuals with MetS are at high risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) as this condition accounts for 50% of all cardiac deaths in such a population. Of interest, recent studies demonstrated that individuals with MetS show 70% increased risk of SCD even without previous history of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, little is known about the interplay between the two conditions. MetS is a complex disease determined by genetic predisposition, unhealthy lifestyle and ageing with deleterious effects on different organs. MetS components trigger a systemic chronic low-grade pro-inflammatory state, associated with excess of sympathetic activity, cardiac hypertrophy, arrhythmias and atherosclerosis. Thus, MetS has an important burden on the cardiovascular system as demonstrated by both preclinical and clinical evidence. The aim of this review is to summarize recent evidence concerning the association between MetS and SCD, showing possible common aetiological processes, and to indicate prospective for future studies and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Tirandi
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Liberale
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Schlieren, Switzerland
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Quesada O, Elboudwarej O, Nelson MD, Al-Badri A, Mastali M, Wei J, Zarrabi B, Suppogu N, Aldiwani H, Mehta P, Shufelt C, Cook-Wiens G, Berman DS, Thomson LE, Handberg E, Pepine CJ, Van Eyk JE, Merz CNB. Ultra-high sensitivity cardiac troponin-I concentration and left ventricular structure and function in women with ischemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease. AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL PLUS : CARDIOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2022; 13:100115. [PMID: 35784010 PMCID: PMC9246284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahjo.2022.100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aims Women are disproportionally impacted by ischemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA), and such women are at increased risk of developing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), however the mechanisms linking these conditions remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine whether ultra-high sensitivity cardiac troponin I (u-hscTnI), an indicator of cardiomyocyte injury, is associated with abnormalities in myocardial perfusion and left ventricular (LV) structure and function in women with INOCA. Methods 327 women with INOCA enrolled in the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation-Coronary Vascular Dysfunction (WISE-CVD) study underwent vasodilator stress cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) and u-hscTnI measurements (Simoa HD-1 Analyzer, Quanterix Corporation). Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate associations between u-hscTnI concentrations and myocardial perfusion (MPRI), LV mass index and feature-tracking derived strain measures of LV function. Results u-hscTnI concentrations were quantifiable in 100% of the cohort and ranged from 0.004 to 79.6 pg/mL. In adjusted models, u-hscTnI was associated with LV mass index (+2.03; 95% CI 1.17, 2.89; p < 0.01) and early diastolic radial strain rate (SR) (+0.13; 95% CI 0.01, 0.25; p = 0.03), early diastolic circumferential SR (-0.04; 95% CI -0.08, 0.002; p = 0.06) and early diastolic longitudinal SR (-0.03; 95% CI -0.07, 0.002; p = 0.06). u-hscTnI was not associated with MPRI (p = 0.39) in adjusted models. Conclusion Together, these findings support cardiomyocyte injury as a putative pathway towards adverse LV remodeling and dysfunction; however, further research is needed to define the specific mechanism(s) driving myocellular injury in INOCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odayme Quesada
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Women's Heart Center, The Christ Hospital Heart and Vascular Institute, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Omeed Elboudwarej
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael D. Nelson
- Applied Physiology and Advanced Imaging Laboratory, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States of America
| | - Ahmed Al-Badri
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Mitra Mastali
- Advanced Clinical BioSystems Research Institute Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Janet Wei
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Bijan Zarrabi
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Nissi Suppogu
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Haider Aldiwani
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Puja Mehta
- Emory Women's Heart Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Chrisandra Shufelt
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Galen Cook-Wiens
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Daniel S. Berman
- Mark S. Taper Imaging Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Louise E.J. Thomson
- Mark S. Taper Imaging Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Eileen Handberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0277, United States of America
| | - Carl J. Pepine
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0277, United States of America
| | - Jennifer E. Van Eyk
- Advanced Clinical BioSystems Research Institute Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - C. Noel Bairey Merz
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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Zhou G, Chen J, Wu C, Jiang P, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Li X. Deciphering the Protein, Modular Connections and Precision Medicine for Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction and Hypertension Based on TMT Quantitative Proteomics and Molecular Docking. Front Physiol 2021; 12:607089. [PMID: 34721049 PMCID: PMC8552070 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.607089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Exploring the potential biological relationships between heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and concomitant diseases has been the focus of many studies for the establishment of personalized therapies. Hypertension (HTN) is the most common concomitant disease in HFpEF patients, but the functional connections between HFpEF and HTN are still not fully understood and effective treatment strategies are still lacking. Methods: In this study, tandem mass tag (TMT) quantitative proteomics was used to identify disease-related proteins and construct disease-related networks. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis of overlapping network modules was used to determine the functional similarities between HFpEF and HTN. Molecular docking and module analyses were combined to identify therapeutic targets for HFpEF and HTN. Results: Seven common differentially expressed proteins (co-DEPs) and eight overlapping modules were identified in HFpEF and HTN. The common biological processes between HFpEF and HTN were mainly related to energy metabolism. Myocardial contraction, energy metabolism, apoptosis, oxidative stress, immune response, and cardiac hypertrophy were all closely associated with HFpEF and HTN. Epinephrine, sulfadimethoxine, chloroform, and prednisolone acetate were best matched with the co-DEPs by molecular docking analyses. Conclusion: Myocardial contraction, energy metabolism, apoptosis, oxidative stress, immune response, and cardiac hypertrophy were the main functional connections between HFpEF and HTN. Epinephrine, sulfadimethoxine, chloroform, and prednisolone acetate could potentially be effective for the treatment of HTN and HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Zhou
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jiye Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanhong Wu
- The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yongcheng Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yongjian Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuehua Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Oldfield CJ, Duhamel TA, Dhalla NS. Mechanisms for the transition from physiological to pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 98:74-84. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The heart is capable of responding to stressful situations by increasing muscle mass, which is broadly defined as cardiac hypertrophy. This phenomenon minimizes ventricular wall stress for the heart undergoing a greater than normal workload. At initial stages, cardiac hypertrophy is associated with normal or enhanced cardiac function and is considered to be adaptive or physiological; however, at later stages, if the stimulus is not removed, it is associated with contractile dysfunction and is termed as pathological cardiac hypertrophy. It is during physiological cardiac hypertrophy where the function of subcellular organelles, including the sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and myofibrils, may be upregulated, while pathological cardiac hypertrophy is associated with downregulation of these subcellular activities. The transition of physiological cardiac hypertrophy to pathological cardiac hypertrophy may be due to the reduction in blood supply to hypertrophied myocardium as a consequence of reduced capillary density. Oxidative stress, inflammatory processes, Ca2+-handling abnormalities, and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes are suggested to play a critical role in the depression of contractile function during the development of pathological hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Oldfield
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Todd A. Duhamel
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Naranjan S. Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
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Chen YP, Sivalingam K, Shibu MA, Peramaiyan R, Day CH, Shen CY, Lai CH, Chen RJ, Viswanadha VP, Chen YF, Huang CY. Protective effect of Fisetin against angiotensin II-induced apoptosis by activation of IGF-IR-PI3K-Akt signaling in H9c2 cells and spontaneous hypertension rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 57:1-8. [PMID: 30668312 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fisetin, a polyphenolic compound, has drawn notable attention owing to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and neuroprotective effects. However, the cardiac effects of fisetin are not clear yet. HYPOTHESIS The aim of the present study is to examine the cardioprotective effect of fisetin against Ang-II induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells and in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS/STUDY DESIGN The in vitro protective effect of fisetin was evaluated after the cells were treated with fisetin (50 µM/ml/ 24 h) for 2 h prior or after Ang-II administration to induce apoptosis. For in vivo experiments, SHRs were orally administered with fisetin (10 mg/kg) twice a week for 6 weeks. Cellular apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL staining assay and the modulation in the expression levels of proteins involved in apoptosis and cell survival were determined by western blotting. RESULTS Our results demonstrate the potent cardioprotective efficacy of fisetin against Ang-II induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells and in SHR models. Fisetin administration reduced the apoptotic nuclei considerably And reduced the expression of apoptotic proteins such as TNF- α, Fas L, FADD, Cleaved caspase-3 and Cleaved PARP and increased the cell survival and anti-apoptotic proteins like Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, p-IGF1R, p-PI3K and p-AKT in both in vitro and in vivo models. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the results of the present study reveal that fisetin activates the IGF-IR-dependent p-PI3K/p-Akt survival signaling pathway and suppresses the caspase dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeh-Peng Chen
- Ph.D. Program for Aging, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kalaiselvi Sivalingam
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Marthandam Asokan Shibu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Rajendran Peramaiyan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | | | - Chia-Yao Shen
- Department of Nursing, MeiHo University, Pingtung, 91202, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hung Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Jade Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | | | - Ya-Fang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taichung Veteran's General Hospital, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan.
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A P, P SR, M PR, K G R. Apoptosis in angiotensin II-stimulated hypertrophic cardiac cells -modulation by phenolics rich extract of Boerhavia diffusa L. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1097-1104. [PMID: 30372810 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we investigated the effects of B. diffusa (BDE), a well-known cardiotonic edible medicinal plant against apoptosis in Angiotensin II (Ang II)-stimulated hypertrophic cardiac cells (H9c2). The cells were analyzed for viability, markers of hypertrophy, apoptosis, and the expression of various proteins related to apoptosis. Ang II (100 nM for 48 h)-exposed H9c2 cells treated with BDE (75 μg/ml) showed a significant reduction in apoptosis (58.60%↓) compared to Ang II-alone treated cells. BDE treatment significantly reduced the up-regulation of Bax and cytosolic cytochrome-C caused by Ang II as well as reduced the degree of Ang II- induced down-regulation of Bcl-2. A reduction in caspase-3 activity (33.77%↓) and down-regulation of TNF-α was also observed in BDE treated cells stimulated with Ang II. Furthermore, the up-regulation of phospho-p38 MAPK was attenuated by BDE treatment. Bioactive components in the extract were identified as boeravinone B, quercetin, kaempferol, and caffeic acid as evident from high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Overall, our study shows that B. diffusa is effective in attenuating apoptosis in cardiac cells, which is a major contributor to sudden cardiac death in addition to its nutraceutical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathapan A
- Biochemistry & Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Salin Raj P
- Biochemistry & Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Priya Rani M
- Biochemistry & Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Raghu K G
- Biochemistry & Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
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Chen BC, Hung MY, Wang HF, Yeh LJ, Pandey S, Chen RJ, Chang RL, Viswanadha VP, Lin KH, Huang CY. GABA tea attenuates cardiac apoptosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) by enhancing PI3K/Akt-mediated survival pathway and suppressing Bax/Bak dependent apoptotic pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:789-797. [PMID: 29708300 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is the major risk factor for the development of heart failure (HF). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) tea on hypertension-induced cardiac apoptotic pathways in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In order to reveal the mechanisms, 36 male SHR at eight weeks of age, 200 g were divided into six groups. One group was fed water as a control group. Other rats were administered one of the following treatments: GABA tea at dose 150 and 300 mg/kg/day as low GABA tea (LGT) and high GABA tea (HGT) groups, respectively, pure GABA at dose 150 and 300 mg/kg/day as LG and HG groups, respectively, green tea (GT) as control of LGT and HGT groups. After 12 weeks, cardiac tissues were analyzed by histological analysis, western blotting, and TUNEL assays. GABA tea, GT, and pure GABA decreased hypertension-induced cardiac abnormalities, including abnormal myocardial architecture. In addition, GABA tea, GT, and pure GABA dramatically increased anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl2. Furthermore, GABA tea, GT, and pure GABA also decreased activated-caspase 9 and activated-caspase 3. Additionally, the survival associated protein IGF-I and PI3K/Akt were enhanced in cardiac tissues upon treatment. Our results showed an optimistic anti-apoptotic and pro-survival effects of GABA tea treatment against hypertensive rat hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bih-Cheng Chen
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yu Hung
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Fang Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate Programs of Biomedical Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jen Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sudhir Pandey
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Jade Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Lin Chang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Kuan-Ho Lin
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Urmaliya V, Franchelli G. A multidimensional sight on cardiac failure: uncovered from structural to molecular level. Heart Fail Rev 2018; 22:357-370. [PMID: 28474325 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-017-9610-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is one of the leading causes of death, with high mortality rate within 5 years after diagnosis. Treatment and prognosis options for heart failure primarily targeted on hemodynamic and neurohumoral components that drive progressive deterioration of the heart. However, given the multifactorial background that eventually leads to the "phenotype" named heart failure, better insight into the various components may lead to personalized treatment opportunities. Indeed, currently used criteria to diagnose and/or classify heart failure are possibly too focused on phenotypic improvement rather than the molecular driver of the disease and could therefore be further refined by integrating the leap of molecular and cellular knowledge. The ambiguity of the ejection fraction-based classification criteria became evident with development of advanced molecular techniques and the dawn of omics disciplines which introduced the idea that disease is caused by a myriad of cellular and molecular processes rather than a single event or pathway. The fact that different signaling pathways may underlie similar clinical manifestations calls for a more holistic study of heart failure. In this context, the systems biology approach can offer a better understanding of how different components of a system are altered during disease and how they interact with each other, potentially leading to improved diagnosis and classification of this condition. This review is aimed at addressing heart failure through a multilayer approach that covers individually some of the anatomical, morphological, functional, and tissue aspects, with focus on cellular and subcellular features as an alternative insight into new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Urmaliya
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium.
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Saeid F, Aniseh J, Reza B, Manouchehr VS. Signaling mediators modulated by cardioprotective interventions in healthy and diabetic myocardium with ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2018; 25:1463-1481. [PMID: 29442529 DOI: 10.1177/2047487318756420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ischaemic heart diseases are one of the major causes of death in the world. In most patients, ischaemic heart disease is coincident with other risk factors such as diabetes. Patients with diabetes are more prone to cardiac ischaemic dysfunctions including ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Ischaemic preconditioning, postconditioning and remote conditionings are reliable interventions to protect the myocardium against ischaemia-reperfusion injuries through activating various signaling pathways and intracellular mediators. Diabetes can disrupt the intracellular signaling cascades involved in these myocardial protections, and studies have revealed that cardioprotective effects of the conditioning interventions are diminished in the diabetic condition. The complex pathophysiology and poor prognosis of ischaemic heart disease among people with diabetes necessitate the investigation of the interaction of diabetes with ischaemia-reperfusion injury and cardioprotective mechanisms. Reducing the outcomes of ischaemia-reperfusion injury using targeted strategies would be particularly helpful in this population. In this study, we review the protective interventional signaling pathways and mediators which are activated by ischaemic conditioning strategies in healthy and diabetic myocardium with ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyzizadeh Saeid
- 1 Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,2 Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,3 Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javadi Aniseh
- 4 Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Badalzadeh Reza
- 1 Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,5 Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vafaee S Manouchehr
- 6 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense-Denmark.,7 Institute of Clinical Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense-Denmark.,8 Neuroscience Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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The Effects of Aqueous Extract from Nardostachys chinensis Batalin on Blood Pressure and Cardiac Hypertrophy in Two-Kidney One-Clip Hypertensive Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:4031950. [PMID: 29234388 PMCID: PMC5660807 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4031950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aims The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the aqueous extract of Nardostachys chinensis Batalin (NCBAE) on blood pressure and cardiac hypertrophy using two-kidney one-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats. Methods 2K1C rat models were set up by clipping the left renal artery. Sham-operated rats underwent the same surgical procedure except for renal arterial clipping. 2K1C hypertensive rats were orally given NCBAE at doses of 210, 420, and 630 mg·kg−1·d−1 for 6 weeks. Twelve weeks after surgery, rat SBP and echocardiographic parameters were measured, cardiac histopathology was assessed, serum NO and LDH were detected, and the expression of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 of left ventricular tissue was assessed by western blot. Results Treatment with NCBAE resulted in a decrease of SBP, LVPWd, LVPWs, IVSd, IVSs, LVW/BW ratio, and cardiomyocyte CSA, an increase of LVEF, and inhibition of 2K1C-induced reduction in serum NO and elevation of LDH compared with 2K1C group. NCBAE intervention also showed a significant increase of Bcl-2 expression and reduction of cleaved caspase-3 level dose-dependently in left ventricular tissue. Conclusion Our data demonstrate that NCBAE has an antihypertensive property and protective effect on 2K1C-induced cardiac hypertrophy especially at the dose of 630 mg·kg−1·d−1.
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17
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Goh VJ, Le TT, Bryant J, Wong JI, Su B, Lee CH, Pua CJ, Sim CPY, Ang B, Aw TC, Cook SA, Chin CWL. Novel Index of Maladaptive Myocardial Remodeling in Hypertension. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 10:e006840. [PMID: 28847911 PMCID: PMC5617557 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.117.006840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy (HTN-LVH) is a leading cause of heart failure. Conventional patterns of cardiac geometry do not adequately risk-stratify patients with HTN-LVH. Using cardiovascular magnetic resonance, we developed a novel Remodeling Index (RI) that was designed to detect an exaggerated hypertrophic response to hypertension and tested its potential to risk-stratify hypertensive patients. METHODS AND RESULTS The RI was derived using LaPlace's Law (), and normal RI ranges were established in 180 healthy volunteers. The utility of the RI was examined in 256 asymptomatic hypertensive patients and 10 patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Hypertensive patients underwent multimodal cardiac assessment: contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance, echocardiograms, 24-hour blood pressure monitoring, and cardiac biomarkers (high-sensitivity cardiac troponins, NT-proBNP [N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide], and galectin-3). Blood pressure accounted for only 20% of the variance observed in LV mass. Although there was no association between blood pressure and myocardial fibrosis, LV mass was independently associated with fibrosis. Compared with hypertensive patients without LVH (n=191; 74.6%) and those with HTN-LVH and normal RI (n=50; 19.5%), patients with HTN-LVH and low RI (HTN-LVH/low RI; n=15, 5.9%) had an amplified myocardial response: elevated indexed LV masses (83±24 g/m2), more fibrosis (73%), and higher biomarkers of myocardial injury and dysfunction (P<0.05 for all). RI was similar in HTN-LVH/low RI and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (4.1 [3.4-4.5] versus 3.7 [3.4-4.0], respectively; P=0.15). CONCLUSIONS We suggest that RI provides an approach for stratifying hypertensive patients and is suitable for testing in other disease cohorts to assess its clinical utility. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02670031.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera J Goh
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore (V.J.G.); Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore (T.-T.L., J.B., J.I.W., B.S., C.J.P., C.P.Y.S., B.A., S.A.C., C.W.L.C.); National University Heart Centre Singapore (C.-H.L.); Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (S.A.C., C.W.L.C.); and Depatrment of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore (T.C.A.)
| | - Thu-Thao Le
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore (V.J.G.); Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore (T.-T.L., J.B., J.I.W., B.S., C.J.P., C.P.Y.S., B.A., S.A.C., C.W.L.C.); National University Heart Centre Singapore (C.-H.L.); Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (S.A.C., C.W.L.C.); and Depatrment of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore (T.C.A.)
| | - Jennifer Bryant
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore (V.J.G.); Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore (T.-T.L., J.B., J.I.W., B.S., C.J.P., C.P.Y.S., B.A., S.A.C., C.W.L.C.); National University Heart Centre Singapore (C.-H.L.); Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (S.A.C., C.W.L.C.); and Depatrment of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore (T.C.A.)
| | - Jia Ing Wong
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore (V.J.G.); Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore (T.-T.L., J.B., J.I.W., B.S., C.J.P., C.P.Y.S., B.A., S.A.C., C.W.L.C.); National University Heart Centre Singapore (C.-H.L.); Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (S.A.C., C.W.L.C.); and Depatrment of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore (T.C.A.)
| | - Boyang Su
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore (V.J.G.); Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore (T.-T.L., J.B., J.I.W., B.S., C.J.P., C.P.Y.S., B.A., S.A.C., C.W.L.C.); National University Heart Centre Singapore (C.-H.L.); Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (S.A.C., C.W.L.C.); and Depatrment of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore (T.C.A.)
| | - Chi-Hang Lee
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore (V.J.G.); Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore (T.-T.L., J.B., J.I.W., B.S., C.J.P., C.P.Y.S., B.A., S.A.C., C.W.L.C.); National University Heart Centre Singapore (C.-H.L.); Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (S.A.C., C.W.L.C.); and Depatrment of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore (T.C.A.)
| | - Chee Jian Pua
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore (V.J.G.); Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore (T.-T.L., J.B., J.I.W., B.S., C.J.P., C.P.Y.S., B.A., S.A.C., C.W.L.C.); National University Heart Centre Singapore (C.-H.L.); Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (S.A.C., C.W.L.C.); and Depatrment of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore (T.C.A.)
| | - Chloe P Y Sim
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore (V.J.G.); Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore (T.-T.L., J.B., J.I.W., B.S., C.J.P., C.P.Y.S., B.A., S.A.C., C.W.L.C.); National University Heart Centre Singapore (C.-H.L.); Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (S.A.C., C.W.L.C.); and Depatrment of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore (T.C.A.)
| | - Briana Ang
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore (V.J.G.); Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore (T.-T.L., J.B., J.I.W., B.S., C.J.P., C.P.Y.S., B.A., S.A.C., C.W.L.C.); National University Heart Centre Singapore (C.-H.L.); Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (S.A.C., C.W.L.C.); and Depatrment of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore (T.C.A.)
| | - Tar Choon Aw
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore (V.J.G.); Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore (T.-T.L., J.B., J.I.W., B.S., C.J.P., C.P.Y.S., B.A., S.A.C., C.W.L.C.); National University Heart Centre Singapore (C.-H.L.); Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (S.A.C., C.W.L.C.); and Depatrment of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore (T.C.A.)
| | - Stuart A Cook
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore (V.J.G.); Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore (T.-T.L., J.B., J.I.W., B.S., C.J.P., C.P.Y.S., B.A., S.A.C., C.W.L.C.); National University Heart Centre Singapore (C.-H.L.); Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (S.A.C., C.W.L.C.); and Depatrment of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore (T.C.A.)
| | - Calvin W L Chin
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore (V.J.G.); Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore (T.-T.L., J.B., J.I.W., B.S., C.J.P., C.P.Y.S., B.A., S.A.C., C.W.L.C.); National University Heart Centre Singapore (C.-H.L.); Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (S.A.C., C.W.L.C.); and Depatrment of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore (T.C.A.).
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Mosaad SM, Zaitone SA, Ibrahim A, El-Baz AA, Abo-Elmatty DM, Moustafa YM. Celecoxib aggravates cardiac apoptosis in L-NAME-induced pressure overload model in rats: Immunohistochemical determination of cardiac caspase-3, Mcl-1, Bax and Bcl-2. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 272:92-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Bijsmans ES, Jepson RE, Wheeler C, Syme HM, Elliott J. Plasma N-Terminal Probrain Natriuretic Peptide, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, and Cardiac Troponin I as Novel Biomarkers of Hypertensive Disease and Target Organ Damage in Cats. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:650-660. [PMID: 28387019 PMCID: PMC5435049 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the absence of ocular target organ damage (ocular‐TOD), diagnosis of hypertension is challenging in cats. Biomarkers would provide additional support for the diagnosis of hypertension. Hypothesis Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), N‐terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio (UPC) are predictors of systemic hypertension, will be increased in cats with hypertension with or without ocular‐TOD, and will decrease with antihypertensive treatment. Methods Plasma VEGF, NT‐proBNP, and cTnI concentrations and UPC were determined in healthy geriatric cats, normotensive cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD), hypertensive cats with evidence of hypertensive retinopathy (HT‐ocular‐TOD), and hypertensive cats without hypertensive ocular‐TOD (HT‐noTOD). Comparisons among groups were performed. Multivariable binary logistic regression models were built to identify independent biomarkers of hypertension and ocular‐TOD. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to assess clinical use. Results Cats with HT‐ocular‐TOD had significantly higher VEGF than all other groups (P < .05) and significantly higher NT‐proBNP than healthy cats (P < .001). Healthy cats had significantly lower cTnI than all other groups (P < .05). No differences were found among groups for UPC (P = .08). Cardiac troponin I and VEGF were independent predictors of hypertension (P < .05), but none of the biomarkers were independent predictors of ocular‐TOD. N‐terminal probrain natriuretic peptide concentrations decreased with antihypertensive treatment (P < .001). The ROC curves indicated that none of the biomarkers met the criteria to function as diagnostic tests for the diagnosis of hypertension or associated ocular‐TOD. Conclusions and Clinical Significance Despite statistical significance and changes with ocular‐TOD, antihypertensive treatment, or both, VEGF, NT‐proBNP, and cTnI did not function as useful diagnostic tests for hypertension. Persistently increased systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurements in combination with fundoscopy remains the preferred method for diagnosis of feline hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Bijsmans
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - R E Jepson
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - C Wheeler
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - H M Syme
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - J Elliott
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
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Moreno MU, Eiros R, Gavira JJ, Gallego C, González A, Ravassa S, López B, Beaumont J, San José G, Díez J. The Hypertensive Myocardium: From Microscopic Lesions to Clinical Complications and Outcomes. Med Clin North Am 2017; 101:43-52. [PMID: 27884234 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The chronic hemodynamic load imposed by hypertension on the left ventricle leads to lesions in the myocardium that result in structural remodeling, which provides support for alterations in cardiac function, perfusion, and electrical activity that adversely influence the clinical evolution of hypertensive heart disease. Management must include detecting, reducing, and reversing left ventricular hypertrophy, as well as the detection and repair of microscopic lesions responsible for myocardial remodeling. Reducing the burden associated with hypertensive heart disease can be targeted using personalized treatment. The noninvasive, biomarker-mediated identification of subsets of patients with hypertensive heart disease is essential to provide personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- María U Moreno
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Edificio CIMA, Av. Pío XII, 55, Pamplona 31008, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Resarch, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rocío Eiros
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, University Clinic, University of Navarra, Av. Pío XII, 36, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Juan J Gavira
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, University Clinic, University of Navarra, Av. Pío XII, 36, Pamplona 31008, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Resarch, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Catalina Gallego
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Edificio CIMA, Av. Pío XII, 55, Pamplona 31008, Spain; Programa de Cardiología Clínica, Clínica CardioVID, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Calle 78B 75-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Arantxa González
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Edificio CIMA, Av. Pío XII, 55, Pamplona 31008, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Resarch, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Susana Ravassa
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Edificio CIMA, Av. Pío XII, 55, Pamplona 31008, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Resarch, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Begoña López
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Edificio CIMA, Av. Pío XII, 55, Pamplona 31008, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Resarch, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Beaumont
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Edificio CIMA, Av. Pío XII, 55, Pamplona 31008, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Resarch, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gorka San José
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Edificio CIMA, Av. Pío XII, 55, Pamplona 31008, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Resarch, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Díez
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Edificio CIMA, Av. Pío XII, 55, Pamplona 31008, Spain; Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, University Clinic, University of Navarra, Av. Pío XII, 36, Pamplona 31008, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Resarch, Pamplona, Spain.
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Zhang G, Yang G, Deng Y, Zhao X, Yang Y, Rao J, Wang W, Liu X, He J, Lv L. Ameliorative effects of Xue-Fu-Zhu-Yu decoction, Tian-Ma-Gou-Teng-Yin and Wen-Dan decoction on myocardial fibrosis in a hypertensive rat mode. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:56. [PMID: 26852136 PMCID: PMC4744408 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Xue-Fu-Zhu-Yu decoction (XFZYD), Tian-Ma-Gou-Teng-Yin (TMGTY) and Wen-Dan decoction (WDD) are Chinese herbal formulas used to treat hypertension and cardiovascular diseases in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The goal of our study is to determine if XFZYD, TMGTY or WDD treatment ameliorated myocardial fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and to identify the mechanisms underlying any beneficial effects observed during the courses of the investigation. Methods Forty-five 12-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats and five age-matched male Wistar-Kyoto control rats were studied for 16 weeks. Each day 6 g∙kg−1 or 12 g∙kg−1 of XFZYD, TMGTY or WDD was orally administered at the indicated dose, and the systolic blood pressure (SBP) of all rats was measured using the tail-cuff method. Collagen levels were measured via hydroxyproline content assays and histological examination. Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) protein levels were determined via immunhistochemical and Western blot analysis. TGF-β1 mRNA levels were assessed using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results Systolic blood pressure was unaffected, but collagen and TGF-β1 levels in SHRs treated with captopril and XFZYD (12 g∙kg−1) were significantly reduced when compared with untreated control SHRs. Administration of 12 g∙kg−1 XFZYD increased myocardial cell protection and decreased TGF-β1 mRNA and protein expression when compared with the other SHR treatment groups. Conclusions XFZYD treatment demonstrated a superior ability to reverse myocardial fibrosis when compared with WDD or TMGTY treatment in SHRs. XFZYD also decreased TGF-β1 mRNA and protein expression, suggesting that the TGF-β1 signaling pathway plays a role in the therapeutic effects of XFZYD treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1030-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Kaypakli O, Gür M, Gözükara MY, Uçar H, Kivrak A, Şeker T, Şahin DY, Elbasan Z, Türkoğlu C, Çayli M. Association between high-sensitivity troponin T, left ventricular hypertrophy, and myocardial performance index. Herz 2015; 40:1004-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00059-015-4322-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Siagian M, Lousiana M, Santoso DI, Endardjo S. Effects of anaerobic exercise and detraining on the caspase-3 expression of rat ventricular cardiomyocyte. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDONESIA 2015. [DOI: 10.13181/mji.v24i2.1220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Anaerobic physical exercise is a high intensity physical exercise performed in a short time. This exercise can stimulate apoptosis in left ventricular cardiomyocytes. The aim of this study is to analyze the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes after anaerobic exercise and detraining.Methods: Thirty two wistar rats Ratus Novergicus 250-350 grams (8-10 weeks old) were divided into the following groups (n = 4) and given naerobic physical exercise four and 12 weeks (group Exc-4, Exc-12) and anaerobic exercise followed by four weeks of detraining (Exc-4-D, Exc-12-D). The control groups were only observed in the same period (group CTL-4, CTL-12, CTL-4-D, CTL-12-D). At the end of observation, the rats were sacrificed and examination of the expression of caspase-3 as an indicator of apoptosis was done using immunohistochemical staining. Data were analyzed with ANOVA test.Results: An increase in expression of caspase-3 in the group Exc-4 (72.03%) compared to the CTL-4 (27.22%), (p < 0,001); and Exc-12 (79.30%) compared to the CTL-12 (30.53%) (p = 0.027). Detraining process showed a significant decline Capase-3 expression (31.12% in exc-4-D and 30.44% in the exc-12-D).Conclusion: Anaerobic physical exercise can increase apoptosis in rat left ventricle cardiomyocyte characterized by increased expression of caspase-3. Detraining can improve heart condition characterized by decreased expression of caspase-3.
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Azova MM, Blagonravov ML, Frolov VA. Effect of phosphocreatine and ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate on the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins in left-ventricular cardiomyocytes of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Bull Exp Biol Med 2015; 158:313-4. [PMID: 25573357 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-015-2749-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect of phosphocreatine and ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate on the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins in left-ventricular cardiomyocytes of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Both drugs have no effect on the expression of Bcl-2, but significantly reduce the level of Bax protein (phosphocreatine produces more pronounced effect). These data attest to an important role of energy deficit and oxidative stress in the induction of cardiomyocyte apoptosis in genetically determined arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Azova
- Department of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, People's Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia,
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25
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Wang HF, Lin PP, Chen CH, Yeh YL, Huang CC, Huang CY, Tsai CC. Effects of lactic acid bacteria on cardiac apoptosis are mediated by activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/AKT survival-signalling pathway in rats fed a high-fat diet. Int J Mol Med 2014; 35:460-70. [PMID: 25484003 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Through a high-fat diet, obesity leads to cardiomyocyte dysfunction and apoptosis. In addition, there is no evidence that probiotics have potential health effects associated with cardiac apoptosis in obese rats. The present study aimed to explore the effects of probiotics on obesity and cardiac apoptosis in rats fed a high-fat diet (HF). Eight‑week‑old male Wistar rats were separated randomly into five equally sized experimental groups: Normal diet (NC) and high-fat diet (HFC) groups, and high-fat diet supplemented with low (HFL), medium (HFM) or high (HFH) doses of multi‑strain probiotics groups. The rats were subsequently studied for 8 weeks. Food intake and body weights were recorded following sacrifice, and food utilization rates, body fat and serum cholesterol levels were analysed. The myocardial architecture of the left ventricle was evaluated by hematoxylin‑eosin staining, and key apoptotic‑related pathway molecules were analysed by western blotting. Rat weights and triglyceride levels were decreased with oral administration of high doses of probiotics (HFH) compared to the HFC group. Abnormal myocardial architecture and enlarged interstitial spaces were observed in HFC hearts, but were significantly decreased in groups that were provided multi‑strain probiotics compared with NC hearts. Western blot analysis demonstrated that key components of the Fas receptor‑ and mitochondrial‑dependent apoptotic pathways were significantly suppressed in multi‑strain probiotic treated groups compared to the HF group. Additionally, cardiac insulin, such as the insulin‑like growth factor I receptor (IGFIR)‑dependent survival signalling components, were highly induced in left ventricles from rats administered probiotics. Together, these findings strongly suggest that oral administration of probiotics may attenuate cardiomyocyte apoptosis by activation of the phosphatidylinositol‑3 kinase/AKT survival‑signalling pathway in obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Fang Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pei-Pei Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Hua Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Lan Yeh
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | | | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Chih Tsai
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Anuradha R, Saraswati M, Kumar KG, Rani SH. Apoptosis of beta cells in diabetes mellitus. DNA Cell Biol 2014; 33:743-8. [PMID: 25093391 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2014.2352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. Apoptosis in beta cells has been observed in response to diverse stimuli, such as glucose, cytokines, free fatty acids, leptin, and sulfonylureas, leading to the activation of polyol, hexosamine, and diacylglycerol/protein kinase-C (DAG/PKC) pathways that mediate oxidative and nitrosative stress causing the release of different cytokines. Cytokines induce the expression of Fas and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) by activating the transcription factor, nuclear factor-κb, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT-1) in the β cells in the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Cytokines produced in beta cells also induce proapoptotic members of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. The genetic alterations in apoptosis signaling machinery and the pathogenesis of diabetes include Fas, FasL, Akt, caspases, calpain-10, and phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten). The other gene products that are involved in diabetes are nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS2), small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO), apolipoprotein CIII (ApoCIII), forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1), and Kruppel-like zinc finger protein Gli-similar 3 (GLIS3). The gene products having antiapoptotic nature are Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. Epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in type I and type II diabetes. Further studies on the apoptotic genes and gene products in diabetics may be helpful in pharmacogenomics and individualized treatment along with antioxidants targeting apoptosis in diabetes.
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Hoshide S, Nagai M, Yano Y, Ishikawa J, Eguchi K, Kario K. Association of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T and N-terminal pro-brain-type natriuretic peptide with left ventricular structure: J-HOP study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2014; 16:354-61. [PMID: 24811391 DOI: 10.1111/jch.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although both high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (Hs-cTnT) and N-terminal pro-brain-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels are higher among patients with cardiac structural abnormalities than among those with apparently normal hearts, there is considerable overlap between the groups. The authors evaluated 1336 patients who had ≥1 cardiovascular risk factors, underwent echocardiography, and had Hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP measured and excluded patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. The patients in the highest Hs-cTnT category in quintiles had an increased likelihood of abnormal relative wall thickness compared with those in the lowest category (odds ratio, 1.66; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-2.36; P<.01). However, no such association was found in the category of NT-proBNP. The patients in the highest NT-proBNP category had an increased likelihood of abnormal LV diastolic dimension/body surface area compared with those in the lowest category (odds ratio, 2.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-3.79; P<.05). However, no such association was found in the category of Hs-cTnT. The data suggest that the measurement of Hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP might provide information on cardiac structural abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hoshide
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
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Zhou H, Yuan Y, Liu Y, Deng W, Zong J, Bian ZY, Dai J, Tang QZ. Icariin attenuates angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy and apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes by inhibiting reactive oxygen species-dependent JNK and p38 pathways. Exp Ther Med 2014; 7:1116-1122. [PMID: 24940396 PMCID: PMC3991546 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Icariin, the major active component isolated from plants of the Epimedium family, has been reported to have potential protective effects on the cardiovascular system. However, it is not known whether icariin has a direct effect on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiomyocyte enlargement and apoptosis. In the present study, embryonic rat heart-derived H9c2 cells were stimulated by Ang II, with or without icariin administration. Icariin treatment was found to attenuate the Ang II-induced increase in mRNA expression levels of hypertrophic markers, including atrial natriuretic peptide and B-type natriuretic peptide, in a concentration-dependent manner. The cell surface area of Ang II-treated H9c2 cells also decreased with icariin administration. Furthermore, icariin repressed Ang II-induced cell apoptosis and protein expression levels of Bax and cleaved-caspase 3, while the expression of Bcl-2 was increased by icariin. In addition, 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate incubation revealed that icariin inhibited the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which were stimulated by Ang II. Phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 in Ang II-treated H9c2 cells was blocked by icariin. Therefore, the results of the present study indicated that icariin protected H9c2 cardiomyocytes from Ang II-induced hypertrophy and apoptosis by inhibiting the ROS-dependent JNK and p38 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China ; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China ; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China ; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China ; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China ; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zhou-Yan Bian
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China ; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jia Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China ; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China ; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Fortuño MA, López N, González A, Díez J. Involvement of cardiomyocyte survival–apoptosis balance in hypertensive cardiac remodeling. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 1:293-307. [PMID: 15030288 DOI: 10.1586/14779072.1.2.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The balance between cell death and cell survival is a tightly controlled process, especially in terminally differentiated cells, such as the cardiomyocyte. Accumulating data support a role for cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the development of several cardiac diseases, including the transition from hypertensive compensatory hypertrophy to heart failure. This review briefly summarizes the status of the knowledge regarding the death-survival balance of cardiomyocytes in the context of hypertensive heart disease. Several molecular and cellular aspects as well as the most relevant pathophysiological implications are presented. Moreover, diagnosis tools under development and the possibilities for pharmacological intervention are also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Fortuño
- Division of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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Gao X, Lin B, Sadayappan S, Patel TB. Interactions between the regulatory subunit of type I protein kinase A and p90 ribosomal S6 kinase1 regulate cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 85:357-67. [PMID: 24307699 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.090613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte apoptosis contributes toward the loss of muscle mass in myocardial pathologies. Previous reports have implicated type I cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) in cardiomyocyte apoptosis. However, the precise mechanisms and the isoform of RSK involved in this process remain undefined. Using adult rat ventricular myocytes and mouse-derived cardiac HL-1 cardiomyocytes, we demonstrate that hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced apoptosis is accompanied by a decrease in the type I PKA regulatory subunit (PKARIα) and activation of RSK1. As previously described by us for other cell types, in cardiomyocytes, inactive RSK1 also interacts with PKARIα, whereas the active RSK1 interacts with the catalytic subunit of PKA. Additionally, small interfering (siRNA)-mediated silencing of PKARIα or disrupting the RSK1/PKARIα interactions with a small, cell-permeable peptide activates RSK1 and recapitulates the H/R-induced apoptosis. Inhibition of RSK1 or siRNA-mediated silencing of RSK1 attenuates H/R-induced apoptosis, demonstrating the role of RSK1 in cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Furthermore, silencing of RSK1 decreases the H/R-induced phosphorylation of sodium-hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE1), and inhibition of NHE1 with 5'-N-ethyl-N-isopropyl-amiloride blocks H/R induced apoptosis, indicating the involvement of NHE1 in apoptosis. Overall, our findings demonstrate that H/R-mediated decrease in PKARIα protein levels leads to activation of RSK1, which via phosphorylation of NHE1 induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlong Gao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics and Signal Transduction Research Institute (X.G., T.B.P.), and the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (B.L., S.S.), Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
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LIN PEIPEI, HSIEH YOUMIIN, KUO WEIWEN, LIN YUEHMIN, YEH YULAN, LIN CHIENCHUNG, TSAI FUUJEN, TSAI CHANGHAI, HUANG CHIHYANG, TSAI CHENGCHIH. Probiotic-fermented purple sweet potato yogurt activates compensatory IGF-IR/PI3K/Akt survival pathways and attenuates cardiac apoptosis in the hearts of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:1319-28. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Çaylı M, Gür M, Elbasan Z, Şeker T, Türkoğlu C, Kaypaklı O, Şahin DY, Uçar H, Kıvrak A, Koyunsever NY, Şen Ö. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T predicts nondipper hypertension in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2013; 15:731-6. [PMID: 24088281 PMCID: PMC8033873 DOI: 10.1111/jch.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Revised: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The increased prognostic accuracy of the high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) assay vs the conventional cTnT assay has recently been reported in hypertensive patients. The authors aimed to investigate the significance of serum hs-cTnT marker for prediction of nondipper hypertension (HTN) in hypertensive patients. A total of 317 patients with newly diagnosed HTN were studied. The patients were divided into two groups: 198 dipper hypertensive patients (mean age, 51.7 ± 5.1 years) and 119 nondipper hypertensive patients (mean age, 53.4 ± 7.6 years). Hs-cTnT and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were measured in all patients. hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP were independent predictors for nondipper HTN (P<.05 for all). The cutoff value of hs-cTnT obtained by the receiver operator curve analysis was 7.55 ng/L for the prediction of nondipper HTN (sensitivity: 79%, specificity: 70%; 95% confidence interval, 0.769-0.860; P<.001). In patients with HTN, higher serum concentration of hs-cTnT even within normal range is an independent predictor of nondipper HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Çaylı
- Department of CardiologyAdana Numune Training and Research HospitalAdanaTurkey
| | - Mustafa Gür
- Department of CardiologyAdana Numune Training and Research HospitalAdanaTurkey
| | - Zafer Elbasan
- Department of CardiologyAdana Numune Training and Research HospitalAdanaTurkey
| | - Taner Şeker
- Department of CardiologyAdana Numune Training and Research HospitalAdanaTurkey
| | - Caner Türkoğlu
- Department of CardiologyAdana Numune Training and Research HospitalAdanaTurkey
| | - Onur Kaypaklı
- Department of CardiologyAdana Numune Training and Research HospitalAdanaTurkey
| | - Durmuş Y. Şahin
- Department of CardiologyAdana Numune Training and Research HospitalAdanaTurkey
| | - Hakan Uçar
- Department of CardiologyAdana Numune Training and Research HospitalAdanaTurkey
| | - Ali Kıvrak
- Department of CardiologyAdana Numune Training and Research HospitalAdanaTurkey
| | | | - Ömer Şen
- Department of CardiologyAdana Numune Training and Research HospitalAdanaTurkey
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Hung CL, Jia-Yin Hou C, Hu GC, Kuo JY, Hsu CY, Tsai CH, Yeh HI, Bulwer BE, Hsieh YC. Myths and Facts About Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Risk Factors, Longevity, Potential Pharmacological and Exercise Interventions. INT J GERONTOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijge.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Azova MM, Blagonravov ML, Demurov EA, Frolov VA. Energy Deficit as a Possible Factor for the Induction of Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis in Left Ventricular Myocardial Cells during Genetically Determined and Secondary Arterial Hypertension. Bull Exp Biol Med 2012; 153:824-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-012-1835-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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35
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Carpena N, Roselló-Lletí E, Calabuig JR, Tarazón E, González-Juanatey JR, Martínez-Dolz L, Salvador A, Grigorian L, Orosa P, Portolés M, Rivera M. MMP-2 and sTNF-R1 Variability in Patients with Essential Hypertension: 1-Year Follow-Up Study. ISRN CARDIOLOGY 2012; 2012:501894. [PMID: 23008783 PMCID: PMC3449115 DOI: 10.5402/2012/501894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyze MMP-2 and sTNF-R1 variability, potent predictors of cardiovascular events, in stable hypertensive patients during a 12-month followup. 234 asymptomatic patients (age 60 ± 13, 136 male) out of 252 patients with essential hypertension were followed up. MMP-2 and sTNF-R1 were measured at baseline and after 12 months (stage I). To compare MMP-2 and sTNF-R1 levels over time interval, we used the statistical method of Bland-Altman. MMP-2 and sTNF-R1 reproducibility was good in our patients for the two intervals with a coefficient of reproducibility of 8.2% and 11.3%, respectively. The percentages of patients within 1.96 × standard deviation of the mean were 93.6% and 92.7%. An elevated coefficient of correlation was obtained for MMP-2, basal versus stage I (r = 0.55, P < 0.0001) and for sTNF-R1 (r = 0.75, P < 0.0001). There is good stability in MMP-2 and sTNF-R1 levels in a followup study of patients with stable hypertension. As a consequence, assessment of its concentrations may be a useful tool for monitoring the follow-up of these patients. Measured variations in MMP-2 and sTNF-R1 levels, exceeding 8.2% and 11.3%, respectively, may indicate an increase in cardiovascular risk, thus, could be used to optimizing treatment than blood pressure control alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Carpena
- Cardiocirculatory Unit, Research Center, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46009 Valencia, Spain
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Inflammation and apoptosis in hypertension. Relevance of the extent of target organ damage. Rev Esp Cardiol 2012; 65:819-25. [PMID: 22771083 DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2012.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between inflammatory and apoptotic parameters and the severity and extent of target organ damage in patients with essential hypertension. METHODS We studied 159 consecutive patients with treated essential hypertension. An exhaustive evaluation of damage to heart, kidney, and blood vessels was performed and plasma levels of inflammatory (interleukin 6 and soluble receptor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha type 2) and apoptotic markers (soluble receptor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha type 1 and soluble Fas receptor) were determined. Patients were categorized into four groups: a) no organ damage (33 patients); b) 1 organ damaged (52 patients); c) 2 organs damaged (44 patients), and d) 3 organs damaged (30 patients). RESULTS Serum levels of interleukin 6, soluble receptor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha type 1 and soluble receptor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha type 2 were higher in patients with target organ damage than in hypertensive patients without organ damage. Increasing levels of these molecules were progressively associated with an increase in the number of organs damaged, and the highest levels were observed in the group with damage to 3 organs (heart, kidney, and blood vessels). There were no differences in soluble Fas receptor levels between groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that age, smoking, diabetes mellitus, abdominal circumference, interleukin 6, and soluble receptor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha type 1 were independently related to the number of target organs damaged. CONCLUSIONS Extensive hypertensive disease with involvement of more target organs was associated with greater inflammatory and apoptotic activation in these hypertensive patients.
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Huang CY, Yang AL, Lin YM, Wu FN, Lin JA, Chan YS, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH, Kuo CH, Lee SD. Anti-apoptotic and pro-survival effects of exercise training on hypertensive hearts. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 112:883-91. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00605.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: activated cardiac apoptosis was found in hearts from hypertensive animals, but little information regarding the effects of exercise training on cardiac apoptosis in hypertension is available. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-apoptotic and pro-survival effects of exercise training on hypertensive hearts. Methods: 28 spontaneously hypertensive rats were divided into sedentary group (SHR) or underwent running exercise on treadmill for 1 h/day, 5 sessions/wk, for 12 wk (SHR-EX). Fourteen age-matched Wistar Kyoto rats served as a sedentary normotensive group (WKY). After exercise training or sedentary status, the excised hearts were measured by hemotoxylin and eosin staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and Western blotting. Results: fewer TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells were in SHR-EX groups than those in SHR. Protein levels of Fas ligand, Fas death receptor, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, TNF receptor 1, Fas-associated death domain (FADD), activated caspase-8, and activated caspase-3 (Fas-dependent apoptotic pathways), as well as Bid, t-Bid, Bad, p-Bad, Bak, cytochrome c, activated caspase 9, and activated caspase-3 (mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathways) were decreased in the SHR-EX group compared with the SHR group. Protein levels of IGF-1, IGF-1R, p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-Bad, and Bcl2 (cardiac pro-survival pathway) become more activated in SHR-EX groups than SHR and WKY. Conclusions: exercise training prevented hypertension-enhanced cardiac Fas-dependent and mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathways and enhanced cardiac pro-survival pathway in rat models. Our findings demonstrate new therapeutic effects of exercise training on hypertensive hearts for preventing apoptosis and enhancing survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung
| | - Ai-Lun Yang
- Department of Sports Sciences, Taipei Physical Education College, Taipei
| | - Yueh-Min Lin
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua
| | - Fan-Ni Wu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung
| | - James A. Lin
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung
| | - Yi-Sheng Chan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung
| | - Chang-Hai Tsai
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Taipei Physical Education College, Taipei, Taiwan; and
| | - Shin-Da Lee
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Sato Y, Yamamoto E, Sawa T, Toda K, Hara T, Iwasaki T, Fujiwara H, Takatsu Y. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T in essential hypertension. J Cardiol 2011; 58:226-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Cortés R, Roselló-Lletí E, Portolés M, Almenar L, Martínez-Dolz L, Grigorian L, García de Burgos F, Carpena N, Salvador A, Bertomeu V, Rivera M. [Relationship between myocardial modelling and diastolic function in patients with essential hypertension]. Med Clin (Barc) 2011; 139:325-30. [PMID: 22036455 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2011.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To analyze the relationship between sFas and soluble TNF receptor 1 (sTNF-R1) with type iii (PIIINP) and i (PINP) amino-terminal propeptide procollagens, and diastole in hypertension (HT). PATIENTS AND METHODS A group of 253 Caucasian asymptomatic hypertensive patients (age 60±13 years, 139 males) were studied, in whom a physical examination, laboratory analyses (determination of serum PIIINP, PINP, sFas and by radioimmunoassay and ELISA, respectively), and echo-Doppler study were performed. RESULTS Serum PINP and PIIINP were increased in left ventricular hypertrophy compared to non-hypertrophy [41 (31-52) vs. 35 (28-47) μg/l, P=.010; and 4.33 (3.71-5.29) vs. 3.98 (3.49-4.58) μg/l, P=.005, respectively]. Furthermore, sFas and sTNF-R1 were also elevated [1.47 (1.2-1.77) vs. 1.37 (1.1-1.59), P=.012; and 466 (331-657) vs. 317 (260-427) μg/l, P<.0001, respectively]. Moreover, serum PIIINP was associated with sFas (r=.386, P<.0001) and sTNF-R1 (r=.298, P<.001); PINP was also associated with these cytokines (r=0.158, P=.011 and r=.241, P<.0001, respectively). Multivariable analyses included sFas (P<.0001) and sTNF-R1 (P<.0001) as independent factors related with serum PIIINP. Finally, marker concentrations were significantly related with left ventricular diastolic function parameters. CONCLUSION Procollagen and anti-apoptotic cytokine levels were increased in our hypertrophic patients. Furthermore, sFas and sTNF-R1 are independent related factors of serum PIIINP. Diastolic parameters were associated with myocardial fibrosis and anti-apoptotic cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Cortés
- Unidad de Cardiocirculación, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España
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40
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Short-term exercise provides left ventricular myocardial protection against intermittent hypoxia-induced apoptosis in rats. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 111:1939-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-010-1824-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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41
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Chen TI, Lai CJ, Hsieh CJ, Tsai KL, Yang KT. Differences in left ventricular cardiomyocyte loss induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia between spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats. Sleep Breath 2010; 15:845-54. [PMID: 21136300 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-010-0448-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is thought to induce several cardiovascular effects in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). However, the effects of CIH on patients with long-standing hypertension are unknown. PURPOSE This prospective study aimed to investigate the influence of combined OSA and hypertension on cardiomyocyte death. METHODS Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were exposed to repetitive hypoxia-reoxygenation cycles (30 s of 5% O(2); 45 s of 21% O(2)) or room air for 6 h/day during the light phase (10 a.m.-4 p.m.) for 10, 20, or 30 days, and the levels of necrosis and apoptosis induced in their left ventricular cardiomyocyte were examined. RESULTS CIH increased the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which induced cardiomyocyte necrosis in WKY and SHR (both p < 0.05). Cardiomyocyte oxidative stress levels by CIH were higher in SHR than in WKY (p < 0.05); therefore, cardiomyocyte necrosis was amplified (p < 0.05). Notably, if a superoxide-scavenging agent is injected beforehand, cardiomyocyte necrosis can be effectively inhibited (p < 0.05). When WKY and SHR are exposed to CIH, increases in mitochondria-released cytochrome c and activation of caspase-3 are found in the cytosolic fraction only in WKY. CONCLUSIONS CIH causes cardiomyocyte loss in SHR mainly through cardiomyocyte necrosis. In WKY however, CIH simultaneously induces apoptosis and necrosis of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-I Chen
- Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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42
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Klopsch C, Furlani D, Gäbel R, Pittermann E, Yerebakan C, Kaminski A, Ma N, Liebold A, Steinhoff G. Kardiale Protektion und Regeneration. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HERZ THORAX UND GEFASSCHIRURGIE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00398-010-0806-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Meng C, Jin X, Xia L, Shen SM, Wang XL, Cai J, Chen GQ, Wang LS, Fang NY. Alterations of mitochondrial enzymes contribute to cardiac hypertrophy before hypertension development in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:2463-75. [PMID: 19265432 DOI: 10.1021/pr801059u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is recently thought to be tightly associated with the development of cardiac hypertrophy as well as hypertension. However, the detailed molecular events in mitochondria at early stages of hypertrophic pathogenesis are still unclear. Applying two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) combined with MALDI-TOF/TOF tandem mass spectrometry, here we identified the changed mitochondrial proteins of left ventricular mitochondria in prehypertensive/hypertensive stages of cardiac hypertrophy through comparing spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and the age-matched normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. The results revealed that in the hypertrophic left ventricle of SHR as early as 4 weeks old with normal blood pressure, 33 mitochondrial protein spots presented significant alterations, with 17 down-regulated and 16 up-regulated. Such alterations were much greater than those in 20-week-old SHR with elevated blood pressure. Of the total alterations, the expression of two mitochondrial enzymes, trifunctional enzyme alpha subunit (Hadha) and NADH dehydrogenase 1 alpha subcomplex 10 (Ndufa10), were found to have special expression modification patterns in SHR strain. These data would provide new clues to investigate the potential contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction to the development of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Meng
- The Department of Geriatrics, Ren-Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200001, China
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Berni R, Savi M, Bocchi L, Delucchi F, Musso E, Chaponnier C, Gabbiani G, Clement S, Stilli D. Modulation of actin isoform expression before the transition from experimental compensated pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy to decompensation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 296:H1625-32. [PMID: 19252091 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01057.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In a rat model of long-lasting pressure-overload hypertrophy, we investigated whether changes in the relative expression of myocardial actin isoforms are among the early signs of ventricular mechanical dysfunction before the transition toward decompensation. Forty-four rats with infrarenal aortic banding (AC rats) were studied. Hemodynamic parameters were measured 1 mo (AC(1) group; n = 20) or 2 mo (AC(2); n = 24) after aortic ligature. Then subgroups of AC(1) and AC(2) left ventricles (LV) were used to evaluate 1) LV anatomy and fibrosis (morphometry), 2) expression levels (immunoblotting) and spatial distribution (immunohistochemistry) of alpha-skeletal actin (alpha-SKA), alpha-cardiac actin (alpha-CA), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and 3) cell mechanics and calcium transients in enzimatically isolated myocytes. Although the two AC groups exhibited a comparable degree of hypertrophy (+30% in LV mass; +20% in myocyte surface) and a similar increase in the amount of fibrosis compared with control animals (C group; n = 22), a worsening of LV mechanical performance was observed only in AC(2) rats at both organ and cellular levels. Conversely, AC(1) rats exhibited enhanced LV contractility and preserved cellular contractile behavior associated with increased calcium transients. Alpha-SKA expression was upregulated (+60%) in AC(1). In AC(2) ventricles, prolonged hypertension also induced a significant increase in alpha-SMA expression, mainly at the level of arterial vessels. No significant differences among groups were observed in alpha-CA expression. Our findings suggest that alpha-SKA expression regulation and wall remodeling of coronary arterioles participate in the development of impaired kinetics of contraction and relaxation in prolonged hypertension before the occurrence of marked histopathologic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Berni
- Dept. of Evolutionary and Functional Biology, Physiology Section, Univ. of Parma, V. le G. P. Usberti 11/A, I-43100, Italy
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Dhingra S, Sharma AK, Arora RC, Slezak J, Singal PK. IL-10 attenuates TNF-alpha-induced NF kappaB pathway activation and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Cardiovasc Res 2009; 82:59-66. [PMID: 19181934 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvp040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We have recently reported that tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) increases oxidative stress and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes by upregulating p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) blocked these effects of TNF-alpha by upregulating extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) MAPK phosphorylation. However, the precise site of this IL-10 action is still unknown, and this is investigated in the present study. METHODS AND RESULTS Cardiomyocytes isolated from adult Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to TNF-alpha (10 ng/mL), IL-10 (10 ng/mL), and IL-10+TNF-alpha (ratio 1) for 4 h. Hydrogen peroxide and antioxidant trolox were used as positive controls. Exposure to TNF-alpha resulted in an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species, the number of apoptotic cells, caspase-3 activation, and poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Increased oxidative stress by using hydrogen peroxide also caused apoptosis. The changes due to TNF-alpha were associated with an increase in the inhibitor of kappaB kinase (IKK) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF kappaB) phosphorylation. IL-10 by itself had no effect, but it prevented the above mentioned TNF-alpha-induced changes. Trolox also mitigated TNF-alpha induced changes. Pre-exposure of cells to an IKK inhibitor (PS-1145) prevented TNF-alpha-induced caspase-3 and PARP cleavage. Inhibition of ERK 1/2 MAPK with PD98059 attenuated the protective role of IL-10 against TNF-alpha-induced activation of IKK and NF kappaB as well as cardiomyocyte apoptosis. CONCLUSION The present study shows that TNF-alpha-induced activation of the NF kappaB pathway plays a critical role in cardiomyocyte apoptosis. IL-10 prevents TNF-alpha-induced NF kappaB activation and pro-apoptotic changes in cardiomyocytes by inhibiting IKK phosphorylation through the activation of ERK 1/2 MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Dhingra
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface General Hospital Research Center, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Valsartan improves l-NAME-exacerbated cardiac fibrosis with TGF-β inhibition and apoptosis induction in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Cardiol 2008; 52:239-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2008.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Revised: 06/29/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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47
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Kalyuzhin VV, Teplyakov AT, Vechersky YY, Ryazantsevа NV, Khlapov AP. Pathogenesis of chronic heart failure: change of dominating paradigm. BULLETIN OF SIBERIAN MEDICINE 2007. [DOI: 10.20538/1682-0363-2007-4-71-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The review considers literature data reflecting the evolution of views on pathogenesis of chronic heart failure. Connection of revision of a dominating paradigm of pathogenesis at every stage of development of cardiology with changes in approaches to therapy of chronic heart failure is analyzed.
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Abstract
Congestive heart failure (CHF) has emerged as a major worldwide epidemic and its main causes seem to be the aging of the population and the survival of patients with post-myocardial infarction. Cardiomyocyte dropout (necrosis and apoptosis) plays a critical role in the progress of CHF; thus treatment of CHF by exogenous cell implantation will be a promising medical approach. In the acute phase of cardiac damage cardiac stem cells (CSCs) within the heart divide symmetrically and/or asymmetrically in response to the change of heart homeostasis, and at the same time homing of bone marrow stem cells (BMCs) to injured area is thought to occur, which not only reconstitutes CSC population to normal levels but also repairs the heart by differentiation into cardiac tissue. So far, basic studies by using potential sources such as BMCs and CSCs to treat animal CHF have shown improved ventricular remodelling and heart function. Recently, however, a few of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials demonstrated mixed results in heart failure with BMC therapy during acute myocardial infarction.
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Fiordaliso F, De Angelis N, Bai A, Cuccovillo I, Salio M, Serra DM, Bianchi R, Razzetti R, Latini R, Masson S. Effect of beta-adrenergic and renin-angiotensin system blockade on myocyte apoptosis and oxidative stress in diabetic hypertensive rats. Life Sci 2007; 81:951-9. [PMID: 17825849 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Revised: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 05/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes aggravates the clinical severity and represents an additional independent risk factor of hypertension. Since both diseases separately concur to cardiomyocyte apoptosis, a mechanism at least partly involving unbalanced oxidative stress, we investigated whether the combination of diabetes and hypertension potentiated cardiac cell death in experimental models, compared to either disease alone. We also evaluated the short-term effects of different drugs in these models. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic normotensive (WKY) or hypertensive (SHR) rats were treated for one week with a DA(2)/alpha(2) agonist (CHF-1024), a selective beta1 adrenergic blocker (metoprolol), an angiotensin II-receptor blocker (valsartan) or a radical scavenger (tempol). In separate experiments, isolated cardiomyocytes were cultured in high glucose medium (25 mM) containing the same drugs. Although the number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes and the myocardial density of oxygen radicals were higher in non diabetic hypertensive than in normotensive controls, diabetes raised these variables to comparable absolute levels in both strains. All drugs except metoprolol significantly reduced apoptosis and oxidative stress in the diabetic animals of both strains and in the isolated myocytes cultured with high glucose. In conclusion, hypertensive rat is no more susceptible than its normotensive control to acute apoptosis induced by diabetes. Oxidative stress might be considered the common trigger for cardiac myocyte apoptosis in both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Fiordaliso
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, 20157 Milan, Italy.
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Ibe W, Saraste A, Lindemann S, Bruder S, Buerke M, Darius H, Pulkki K, Voipio-Pulkki LM. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is related to left ventricular dysfunction and remodelling in dilated cardiomyopathy, but is not affected by growth hormone treatment. Eur J Heart Fail 2007; 9:160-7. [PMID: 16890485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejheart.2006.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2005] [Revised: 03/30/2006] [Accepted: 06/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cardiomyocyte apoptosis (CA) is a common feature of end-stage heart failure. We examined whether CA is associated with cardiac dysfunction and remodelling in heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy and studied the effect of human growth hormone (hGH) on CA. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 38 patients, included in a phase III multi-center, randomised, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial of biosynthetic hGH treatment in dilated cardiomyopathy, at baseline and after 14 weeks treatment. Twenty-six patients received hGH and 12 received placebo. CA was quantified in endomyocardial biopsies using the TUNEL assay. CA correlated with left ventricular size (r=0.43, p=0.007). Compared to patients with CA below the median of 0.53%, patients with CA above the median had significantly larger left ventricular volumes and lower ejection fractions (EF) by echocardiography (median (interquartile range)) 200 ml (84) vs. 257 ml (134) and 27% (11) vs. 23% (9). Expression of the Fas receptor was associated with a high rate of CA. hGH treatment significantly increased serum IGF-1 levels, but it had no effect on CA or cardiac structure and function. CONCLUSION CA is related to left ventricular enlargement and dysfunction in dilated cardiomyopathy. CA is not affected by short-term treatment with hGH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waltraut Ibe
- Department of Cardiology, Suedharz-Hospital, Robert-Koch-Strasse 39, 99734 Nordhausen, Germany.
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