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Jain N, Ogbonna EC, Maliga Z, Jacobson C, Zhang L, Shih A, Rosenberg J, Kalam H, Gagné A, Solomon IH, Santagata S, Sorger PK, Aldridge BB, Martinot AJ. Multiomic analysis identifies suppressive myeloid cell populations in human TB granulomas. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2025:2025.03.10.642376. [PMID: 40161687 PMCID: PMC11952478 DOI: 10.1101/2025.03.10.642376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2025]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge, particularly in the context of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Host-directed therapies (HDTs) have been proposed as adjunctive therapy to enhance immune control of infection. Recently, one such HDT, pharmacologic modulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), has been proposed to treat MDR-TB. While MDSCs have been well characterized in cancer, their role in TB pathogenesis remains unclear. To investigate whether MDSCs or other myeloid suppressor populations contribute to TB granuloma microenvironments (GME), we performed spatial transcriptional profiling and single-cell immunophenotyping on eighty-four granulomas in lung specimens from three individuals with active disease. Granulomas were histologically classified based on H&E staining, and transcriptional signatures were compared across regions of interest (ROIs) at different states of granuloma maturation. Our analysis revealed that immune suppression within granuloma was not primarily driven by classical MDSCs but rather by multiple myeloid cell subsets, including dendritic cells expressing indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase-1 expressing (IDO1+ DCs). IDO1+ DCs were the most frequently observed suppressive myeloid cells, particularly in cellular regions, and their spatial proximity to activated T cells suggested localized immunosuppression. Importantly, granulomas at different stages contained distinct proportions of suppressor myeloid cells, with necrotic and cellular regions showing different myeloid phenotypes that may influence granuloma progression. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) further indicated that elevated IDO1 expression was associated with a complex immune response that balanced suppressive signaling, immune activation, and cellular metabolism. These findings suggest that classical MDSCs, as defined in tumor microenvironments, likely play a minor role in TB, whereas IDO1+ DCs may be key regulators of immune suppression in granulomas influencing local Mtb control in infected lung. A deeper understanding of the role of IDO1+ suppressive myeloid cells in TB granulomas is essential to assessing their potential as therapeutic targets in TB treatment.
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Vance RE. Tuberculosis as an unconventional interferonopathy. Curr Opin Immunol 2025; 92:102508. [PMID: 39637776 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 10/31/2024] [Accepted: 11/12/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a bacterium that accounts for more human mortality than any other. Evidence is accumulating for the view that tuberculosis is an interferonopathy - a disease driven by type I interferons. However, how type I interferons exacerbate tuberculosis remains poorly understood. As an infection, tuberculosis is distinct from conventional interferonopathies, which are autoinflammatory diseases. Here I consider the hypothesis that type I interferons promote bacterial replication by impairing key antibacterial immune responses, including those orchestrated by interleukin-1 and interferon γ. Paradoxically, during tuberculosis, the underlying state of impaired antibacterial immunity co-exists with overt (but ineffective) inflammation. Conceiving of tuberculosis as an unconventional interferonopathy may suggest fruitful avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell E Vance
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA.
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3
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Liu X, Yang M, Xu P, Du M, Li S, Shi J, Li Q, Yuan J, Pang Y. Kynurenine-AhR reduces T-cell infiltration and induces a delayed T-cell immune response by suppressing the STAT1-CXCL9/CXCL10 axis in tuberculosis. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:1426-1440. [PMID: 39438693 PMCID: PMC11607402 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 10/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a critical global health issue that is complicated by the ability of the pathogen to delay the host's T-cell immune response. This delay in T-cell recruitment to the site of infection is a pivotal survival strategy for Mtb, allowing it to establish a persistent chronic infection. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, this study focused on Mtb's exploitation of host tryptophan metabolism. Mtb upregulates indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in inflammatory macrophages, thereby increasing kynurenine (Kyn) production. Kyn then activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), leading to the upregulation of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 and subsequent inhibition of the JAK-STAT1 signaling pathway. This results in reduced secretion of the chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10, which are crucial for T-cell recruitment to the lungs. Supported by in vivo mouse models, our findings reveal that disrupting this pathway through AhR knockout significantly enhances T-cell infiltration and activity, thereby undermining Mtb-induced immunosuppression. In contrast, additional Kyn injection obviously inhibited T-cell infiltration and activity. These results highlight potential therapeutic targets of AhR and IDO1, offering new avenues for enhancing the host immune response against tuberculosis and guiding future vaccine development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjie Yang
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Xu
- The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mingwei Du
- The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Shi
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfeng Yuan
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu Pang
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China.
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4
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Andrews JT, Zhang Z, Prasad GVRK, Huey F, Nazarova EV, Wang J, Ranaraja A, Weinkopff T, Li LX, Mu S, Birrer MJ, Huang SCC, Zhang N, Argüello RJ, Philips JA, Mattila JT, Huang L. Metabolically active neutrophils represent a permissive niche for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:825-842. [PMID: 38844208 PMCID: PMC11493682 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-infected neutrophils are often found in the airways of patients with active tuberculosis (TB), and excessive recruitment of neutrophils to the lung is linked to increased bacterial burden and aggravated pathology in TB. The basis for the permissiveness of neutrophils for Mtb and the ability to be pathogenic in TB has been elusive. Here, we identified metabolic and functional features of neutrophils that contribute to their permissiveness in Mtb infection. Using single-cell metabolic and transcriptional analyses, we found that neutrophils in the Mtb-infected lung displayed elevated mitochondrial metabolism, which was largely attributed to the induction of activated neutrophils with enhanced metabolic activities. The activated neutrophil subpopulation was also identified in the lung granulomas from Mtb-infected non-human primates. Functionally, activated neutrophils harbored more viable bacteria and displayed enhanced lipid uptake and accumulation. Surprisingly, we found that interferon-γ promoted the activation of lung neutrophils during Mtb infection. Lastly, perturbation of lipid uptake pathways selectively compromised Mtb survival in activated neutrophils. These findings suggest that neutrophil heterogeneity and metabolic diversity are key to their permissiveness for Mtb and that metabolic pathways in neutrophils represent potential host-directed therapeutics in TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tucker Andrews
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Zijing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - G V R Krishna Prasad
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fischer Huey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Evgeniya V Nazarova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jocelyn Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ananya Ranaraja
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Tiffany Weinkopff
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Lin-Xi Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Shengyu Mu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Michael J Birrer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Stanley Ching-Cheng Huang
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nan Zhang
- Immunology, Metastasis & Microenvironment Program, Ellen and Ronald Caplan Cancer Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rafael J Argüello
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Jennifer A Philips
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joshua T Mattila
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lu Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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Choi E, Choi HH, Kwon KW, Kim H, Ryu JH, Hong JJ, Shin SJ. Permissive lung neutrophils facilitate tuberculosis immunopathogenesis in male phagocyte NADPH oxidase-deficient mice. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012500. [PMID: 39178329 PMCID: PMC11376565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) is an enzyme responsible for generating reactive oxygen species, primarily found in phagocytes. Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD), along with bacterial infections such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a representative NOX2-deficient X-linked disease characterized by uncontrolled inflammation. However, the precise roles of host-derived factors that induce infection-mediated hyperinflammation in NOX2-deficient condition remain incompletely understood. To address this, we compared Mtb-induced pathogenesis in Nox2-/- and wild type (WT) mice in a sex-dependent manner. Among age- and sex-matched mice subjected to Mtb infection, male Nox2-/- mice exhibited a notable increase in bacterial burden and lung inflammation. This was characterized by significantly elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines such as G-CSF, TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6, excessive neutrophil infiltration, and reduced pulmonary lymphocyte levels as tuberculosis (TB) progressed. Notably, lungs of male Nox2-/- mice were predominantly populated with CD11bintLy6GintCXCR2loCD62Llo immature neutrophils which featured mycobacterial permissiveness. By diminishing total lung neutrophils or reducing immature neutrophils, TB immunopathogenesis was notably abrogated in male Nox2-/- mice. Ultimately, we identified G-CSF as the pivotal trigger that exacerbates the generation of immature permissive neutrophils, leading to TB immunopathogenesis in male Nox2-/- mice. In contrast, neutralizing IL-1α and IL-1β, which are previously known factors responsible for TB pathogenesis in Nox2-/- mice, aggravated TB immunopathogenesis. Our study revealed that G-CSF-driven immature and permissive pulmonary neutrophils are the primary cause of TB immunopathogenesis and lung hyperinflammation in male Nox2-/- mice. This highlights the importance of quantitative and qualitative control of pulmonary neutrophils to alleviate TB progression in a phagocyte oxidase-deficient condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsol Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong-Hee Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kee Woong Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hagyu Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hwan Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Joo Hong
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Nepal MR, Shah S, Kang KT. Dual roles of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in various diseases: a review. Arch Pharm Res 2024; 47:597-616. [PMID: 39008186 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-024-01504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of cells that originate from bone marrow stem cells. In pathological conditions, such as autoimmune disorders, allergies, infections, and cancer, normal myelopoiesis is altered to facilitate the formation of MDSCs. MDSCs were first shown to promote cancer initiation and progression by immunosuppression with the assistance of various chemokines and cytokines. Recently, various studies have demonstrated that MDSCs play two distinct roles depending on the physiological and pathological conditions. MDSCs have protective roles in autoimmune disorders (such as uveoretinitis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, type 1 diabetes, autoimmune hepatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, alopecia areata, and systemic lupus erythematosus), allergies, and organ transplantation. However, they play negative roles in infections and various cancers. Several immunosuppressive functions and mechanisms of MDSCs have been determined in different disease conditions. This review comprehensively discusses the associations between MDSCs and various pathological conditions and briefly describes therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Raj Nepal
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sajita Shah
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kyu-Tae Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea.
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7
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Bohórquez JA, Adduri S, Ansari D, John S, Florence J, Adejare O, Singh G, Konduru NV, Jagannath C, Yi G. A novel humanized mouse model for HIV and tuberculosis co-infection studies. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1395018. [PMID: 38799434 PMCID: PMC11116656 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), continues to be a major public health problem worldwide. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is another equally important life-threatening pathogen. HIV infection decreases CD4+ T cell levels markedly increasing Mtb co-infections. An appropriate animal model for HIV/Mtb co-infection that can recapitulate the diversity of the immune response in humans during co-infection would facilitate basic and translational research in HIV/Mtb infections. Herein, we describe a novel humanized mouse model. Methods The irradiated NSG-SGM3 mice were transplanted with human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells, and the humanization was monitored by staining various immune cell markers for flow cytometry. They were challenged with HIV and/or Mtb, and the CD4+ T cell depletion and HIV viral load were monitored over time. Before necropsy, the live mice were subjected to pulmonary function test and CT scan, and after sacrifice, the lung and spleen homogenates were used to determine Mtb load (CFU) and cytokine/chemokine levels by multiplex assay, and lung sections were analyzed for histopathology. The mouse sera were subjected to metabolomics analysis. Results Our humanized NSG-SGM3 mice were able to engraft human CD34+ stem cells, which then differentiated into a full-lineage of human immune cell subsets. After co-infection with HIV and Mtb, these mice showed decrease in CD4+ T cell counts overtime and elevated HIV load in the sera, similar to the infection pattern of humans. Additionally, Mtb caused infections in both lungs and spleen, and induced granulomatous lesions in the lungs. Distinct metabolomic profiles were also observed in the tissues from different mouse groups after co-infections. Conclusion The humanized NSG-SGM3 mice are able to recapitulate the pathogenic effects of HIV and Mtb infections and co-infection at the pathological, immunological and metabolism levels and are therefore a reproducible small animal model for studying HIV/Mtb co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alejandro Bohórquez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Sitaramaraju Adduri
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Danish Ansari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Sahana John
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Jon Florence
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Omoyeni Adejare
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Gaurav Singh
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Nagarjun V. Konduru
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Chinnaswamy Jagannath
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases and Translational Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Guohua Yi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX, United States
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Bohórquez JA, Adduri S, Ansari D, John S, Florence J, Adejare O, Singh G, Konduru N, Jagannath C, Yi G. A Novel Humanized Mouse Model for HIV and Tuberculosis Co-infection Studies. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.05.583545. [PMID: 38496484 PMCID: PMC10942347 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.05.583545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), continues to be a major public health problem worldwide. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is another equally important life-threatening pathogen. Further, co-infections with HIV and Mtb have severe effects in the host, with people infected with HIV being fifteen to twenty-one times more likely to develop active TB. The use of an appropriate animal model for HIV/Mtb co-infection that can recapitulate the diversity of the immune response in humans would be a useful tool for conducting basic and translational research in HIV/Mtb infections. The present study was focused on developing a humanized mouse model for investigations on HIV-Mtb co-infection. Using NSG-SGM3 mice that can engraft human stem cells, our studies showed that they were able to engraft human CD34+ stem cells which then differentiate into a full-lineage of human immune cell subsets. After co-infection with HIV and Mtb, these mice showed decrease in CD4+ T cell counts overtime and elevated HIV load in the sera, similar to the infection pattern of humans. Additionally, Mtb caused infections in both lungs and spleen, and induced the development of granulomatous lesions in the lungs, detected by CT scan and histopathology. Distinct metabolomic profiles were also observed in the tissues from different mouse groups after co-infections. Our results suggest that the humanized NSG-SGM3 mice are able to recapitulate the effects of HIV and Mtb infections and co-infection in the human host at pathological, immunological and metabolism levels, providing a dependable small animal model for studying HIV/Mtb co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alejandro Bohórquez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Sitaramaraju Adduri
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Danish Ansari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Sahana John
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Jon Florence
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Omoyeni Adejare
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Gaurav Singh
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Nagarjun Konduru
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Chinnaswamy Jagannath
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases and Translational Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guohua Yi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
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Tyagi S, Sadhu S, Sharma T, Paul A, Pandey M, Nain VK, Rathore DK, Chatterjee S, Awasthi A, Pandey AK. VapC12 ribonuclease toxin modulates host immune response during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1302163. [PMID: 38515752 PMCID: PMC10955575 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1302163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic understanding of antibiotic persistence is a prerequisite in controlling the emergence of MDR cases in Tuberculosis (TB). We have reported that the cholesterol-induced activation of VapC12 ribonuclease is critical for disease persistence in TB. In this study, we observed that relative to the wild type, mice infected with ΔvapC12 induced a pro-inflammatory response, had a higher pathogen load, and responded better to the anti-TB treatment. In a high-dose infection model, all the mice infected with ΔvapC12 succumbed early to the disease. Finally, we reported that the above phenotype of ΔvapC12 was dependent on the presence of the TLR4 receptor. Overall, the data suggests that failure of a timely resolution of the early inflammation by the ΔvapC12 infected mice led to hyperinflammation, altered T-cell response and high bacterial load. In conclusion, our findings suggest the role of the VapC12 toxin in modulating the innate immune response of the host in ways that favor the long-term survival of the pathogen inside the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaifali Tyagi
- Mycobacterial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Srikanth Sadhu
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Taruna Sharma
- Mycobacterial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhijit Paul
- Complex Analysis Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Manitosh Pandey
- Mycobacterial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Vaibhav Kumar Nain
- Mycobacterial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Rathore
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Samrat Chatterjee
- Complex Analysis Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Amit Awasthi
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Amit Kumar Pandey
- Mycobacterial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
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Goldmann O, Nwofor OV, Chen Q, Medina E. Mechanisms underlying immunosuppression by regulatory cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1328193. [PMID: 38380317 PMCID: PMC10876998 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1328193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulatory cells, such as regulatory T cells (Tregs), regulatory B cells (Bregs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), play a crucial role in preserving immune tolerance and controlling immune responses during infections to prevent excessive immune activation. However, pathogens have developed strategies to hijack these regulatory cells to decrease the overall effectiveness of the immune response and persist within the host. Consequently, therapeutic targeting of these immunosuppressive mechanisms during infection can reinvigorate the immune response and improve the infection outcome. The suppressive mechanisms of regulatory cells are not only numerous but also redundant, reflecting the complexity of the regulatory network in modulating the immune responses. The context of the immune response, such as the type of pathogen or tissue involved, further influences the regulatory mechanisms involved. Examples of these immunosuppressive mechanisms include the production of inhibitory cytokines such as interleukin 10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) that inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and dampen the activation and proliferation of effector T cells. In addition, regulatory cells utilize inhibitory receptors like cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) to engage with their respective effector cells, thereby suppressing their function. An alternative approach involves the modulation of metabolic reprogramming in effector immune cells to limit their activation and proliferation. In this review, we provide an overview of the major mechanisms mediating the immunosuppressive effect of the different regulatory cell subsets in the context of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eva Medina
- Infection Immunology Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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11
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Kesse S, Xu Y, Shi S, Jin S, Ullah S, Dai Y, He M, Zheng A, Xu F, Du Z, Alolga RN, Peng J. MDSC-targeted liposomal all-trans retinoic acid suppresses mMdscs and improves immunotherapy in HBV infection. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:347-363. [PMID: 38406829 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2317936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are evolving as a prominent determinant in cancer occurrence and development and are functionally found to suppress T cells in cancer. Not much research is done regarding its involvement in viral infections. This research was designed to investigate the role of MDSCs in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and how targeting these cells with our novel all-trans retinoic acid encapsulated liposomal formulation could improve immunotherapy in C57BL/6 mice. METHODS Ten micrograms (10 μg) of plasmid adeno-associated virus (pAAV/HBV 1.2, genotype A) was injected hydrodynamically via the tail vein of C57BL/6 mice. An all-trans retinoic acid encapsulated liposomal formulation (L-ATRA) with sustained release properties was used in combination with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), a nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (nRTI) to treat the HBV infection. The L-ATRA formulation was given at a dose of 5 mg/kg intravenously (IV) twice a week. The TDF was given orally at 30 mg/kg daily. RESULTS Our results revealed that L-ATRA suppresses MDSCs in HBV infected mice and enhanced T-cell proliferation in vitro. In vivo studies showed higher and improved immunotherapeutic effect in mice that received L-ATRA and TDF concurrently in comparison with the groups that received monotherapy. Lower HBV DNA copies, lower concentrations of HBsAg and HBeAg, lower levels of ALT and AST and less liver damage were seen in the mice that received the combination therapy of L-ATRA + TDF. CONCLUSIONS In effect, targeting MDSCs with the combination of L-ATRA and TDF effectively reduced mMDSC and improved immunotherapy in the HBV infected mice. Targeting MDSCs could provide a breakthrough in the fight against hepatitis B virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Kesse
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-pathogen Plant Resources in Western Yunnan, Dali University, Dali, China
- HighField Biopharmaceuticals Inc, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sanyuan Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Jin
- HighField Biopharmaceuticals Inc, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shafi Ullah
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongchao Dai
- HighField Biopharmaceuticals Inc, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miao He
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-pathogen Plant Resources in Western Yunnan, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Anjie Zheng
- HighField Biopharmaceuticals Inc, Hangzhou, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengwei Xu
- HighField Biopharmaceuticals Inc, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zixiu Du
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Raphael N Alolga
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinliang Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Xiong X, Zhang Y, Wen Y. Diverse functions of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in autoimmune diseases. Immunol Res 2024; 72:34-49. [PMID: 37733169 PMCID: PMC10811123 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Since myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were found suppressing immune responses in cancer and other pathological conditions, subsequent researchers have pinned their hopes on the suppressive function against immune damage in autoimmune diseases. However, recent studies have found key distinctions of MDSC immune effects in cancer and autoimmunity. These include not only suppression and immune tolerance, but MDSCs also possess pro-inflammatory effects and exacerbate immune disorders during autoimmunity, while promoting T cell proliferation, inducing Th17 cell differentiation, releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines, and causing direct tissue damage. Additionally, MDSCs could interact with surrounding cells to directly cause tissue damage or repair, sometimes even as an inflammatory indicator in line with disease severity. These diverse manifestations could be partially attributed to the heterogeneity of MDSCs, but not all. The different disease types, disease states, and cytokine profiles alter the diverse phenotypes and functions of MDSCs, thus leading to the impairment or obversion of MDSC suppression. In this review, we summarize the functions of MDSCs in several autoimmune diseases and attempt to elucidate the mechanisms behind their actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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13
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Kolloli A, Kumar R, Venketaraman V, Subbian S. Immunopathology of Pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in a Humanized Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1656. [PMID: 38338937 PMCID: PMC10855034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of antibiotic therapy, tuberculosis (TB) is prevailing as a leading killer among human infectious diseases, which highlights the need for better intervention strategies to control TB. Several animal model systems, including mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, and non-human primates have been developed and explored to understand TB pathogenesis. Although each of these models contributes to our current understanding of host-Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) interactions, none of these models fully recapitulate the pathological spectrum of clinical TB seen in human patients. Recently, humanized mouse models are being developed to improvise the limitations associated with the standard mouse model of TB, including lack of necrotic caseation of granulomas, a pathological hallmark of TB in humans. However, the spatial immunopathology of pulmonary TB in humanized mice is not fully understood. In this study, using a novel humanized mouse model, we evaluated the spatial immunopathology of pulmonary Mtb infection with a low-dose inoculum. Humanized NOD/LtSscidIL2Rγ null mice containing human fetal liver, thymus, and hematopoietic CD34+ cells and treated with human cytokines were aerosol challenged to implant <50 pathogenic Mtb (low dose) in the lungs. At 2 and 4 weeks post infection, the tissue bacterial load, disease pathology, and spatial immunohistology were determined in the lungs, liver, spleen, and adipose tissue using bacteriological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical techniques. The results indicate that implantation of <50 bacteria can establish a progressive disease in the lungs that transmits to other tissues over time. The disease pathology in organs correspondingly increased with the bacterial load. A distinct spatial distribution of T cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells were noted in the lung granulomas. The kinetics of spatial immune cell distribution were consistent with the disease pathology in the lungs. Thus, the novel humanized model recapitulates several key features of human pulmonary TB granulomatous response and can be a useful preclinical tool to evaluate potential anti-TB drugs and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsal Kolloli
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Ranjeet Kumar
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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14
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Bizymi N, Matthaiou AM, Mavroudi I, Batsali A, Papadaki HA. Immunomodulatory actions of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the context of innate immunity. Innate Immun 2024; 30:2-10. [PMID: 38018014 PMCID: PMC10720601 DOI: 10.1177/17534259231215581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are notable innate immune cells, which are further divided into two subpopulations, i.e., monocytic and granulocytic. These cells are traditionally considered to mainly suppress the T-cell responses. However, more updated data indicate that their properties are rather immunomodulatory than solely immunosuppressive. Indeed, MDSCs display extensive crosstalk with other either innate or adaptive immune cells, and, according to the situation under which they are triggered, they may enhance or attenuate the immune response. However, their positive role in host's defense mechanisms under specific conditions is rarely discussed in the literature. In this mini-review, the authors briefly summarise the mechanisms of action of MDSCs under distinct conditions, such as infections and malignancies, with a particular emphasis on their role as components of the innate immunity system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta Bizymi
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pneumonology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Andreas M. Matthaiou
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pneumonology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Irene Mavroudi
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Aristea Batsali
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Helen A. Papadaki
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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15
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Parveen S, Shen J, Lun S, Zhao L, Alt J, Koleske B, Leone RD, Rais R, Powell JD, Murphy JR, Slusher BS, Bishai WR. Glutamine metabolism inhibition has dual immunomodulatory and antibacterial activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7427. [PMID: 37973991 PMCID: PMC10654700 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most successful human pathogens, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has evolved a diverse array of determinants to subvert host immunity and alter host metabolic patterns. However, the mechanisms of pathogen interference with host metabolism remain poorly understood. Here we show that a glutamine metabolism antagonist, JHU083, inhibits Mtb proliferation in vitro and in vivo. JHU083-treated mice exhibit weight gain, improved survival, a 2.5 log lower lung bacillary burden at 35 days post-infection, and reduced lung pathology. JHU083 treatment also initiates earlier T-cell recruitment, increased proinflammatory myeloid cell infiltration, and a reduced frequency of immunosuppressive myeloid cells when compared to uninfected and rifampin-treated controls. Metabolomic analysis of lungs from JHU083-treated Mtb-infected mice reveals citrulline accumulation, suggesting elevated nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, and lowered levels of quinolinic acid which is derived from the immunosuppressive metabolite kynurenine. JHU083-treated macrophages also produce more NO potentiating their antibacterial activity. When tested in an immunocompromised mouse model of Mtb infection, JHU083 loses its therapeutic efficacy suggesting the drug's host-directed effects are likely to be predominant. Collectively, these data reveal that JHU083-mediated glutamine metabolism inhibition results in dual antibacterial and host-directed activity against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiya Parveen
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jessica Shen
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shichun Lun
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jesse Alt
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin Koleske
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert D Leone
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rana Rais
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan D Powell
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Calico, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John R Murphy
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William R Bishai
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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16
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Kaufmann SHE. Vaccine development against tuberculosis before and after Covid-19. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1273938. [PMID: 38035095 PMCID: PMC10684952 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1273938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) has not only shaped awareness of the impact of infectious diseases on global health. It has also provided instructive lessons for better prevention strategies against new and current infectious diseases of major importance. Tuberculosis (TB) is a major current health threat caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) which has claimed more lives than any other pathogen over the last few centuries. Hence, better intervention measures, notably novel vaccines, are urgently needed to accomplish the goal of the World Health Organization to end TB by 2030. This article describes how the research and development of TB vaccines can benefit from recent developments in the Covid-19 vaccine pipeline from research to clinical development and outlines how the field of TB research can pursue its own approaches. It begins with a brief discussion of major vaccine platforms in general terms followed by a short description of the most widely applied Covid-19 vaccines. Next, different vaccination regimes and particular hurdles for TB vaccine research and development are described. This specifically considers the complex immune mechanisms underlying protection and pathology in TB which involve innate as well as acquired immune mechanisms and strongly depend on fine tuning the response. A brief description of the TB vaccine candidates that have entered clinical trials follows. Finally, it discusses how experiences from Covid-19 vaccine research, development, and rollout can and have been applied to the TB vaccine pipeline, emphasizing similarities and dissimilarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan H. E. Kaufmann
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Systems Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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17
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Yang J, Zhang L, Qiao W, Luo Y. Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e353. [PMID: 37674971 PMCID: PMC10477518 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health concern in the 21st century, especially due to drug resistance, coinfection with diseases like immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and coronavirus disease 2019, and the lengthy and costly treatment protocols. In this review, we summarize the pathogenesis of TB infection, therapeutic targets, and corresponding modulators, including first-line medications, current clinical trial drugs and molecules in preclinical assessment. Understanding the mechanisms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection and important biological targets can lead to innovative treatments. While most antitubercular agents target pathogen-related processes, host-directed therapy (HDT) modalities addressing immune defense, survival mechanisms, and immunopathology also hold promise. Mtb's adaptation to the human host involves manipulating host cellular mechanisms, and HDT aims to disrupt this manipulation to enhance treatment effectiveness. Our review provides valuable insights for future anti-TB drug development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Yang
- Center of Infectious Diseases and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Laiying Zhang
- Center of Infectious Diseases and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Wenliang Qiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- Lung Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Youfu Luo
- Center of Infectious Diseases and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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18
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Gjerstorff MF. Epigenetic targeting of myeloid-derived suppressor cells: time to move into infectious diseases? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1247715. [PMID: 37680643 PMCID: PMC10482232 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1247715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Morten Frier Gjerstorff
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Academy of Geriatric Cancer Research (AgeCare), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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19
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Corleis B, Bastian M, Hoffmann D, Beer M, Dorhoi A. Animal models for COVID-19 and tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1223260. [PMID: 37638020 PMCID: PMC10451089 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1223260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infections cause tremendous morbidity and mortality worldwide. Amongst these diseases, tuberculosis (TB), a bacterial illness caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which often affects the lung, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), stand out as major drivers of epidemics of global concern. Despite their unrelated etiology and distinct pathology, these infections affect the same vital organ and share immunopathogenesis traits and an imperative demand to model the diseases at their various progression stages and localizations. Due to the clinical spectrum and heterogeneity of both diseases experimental infections were pursued in a variety of animal models. We summarize mammalian models employed in TB and COVID-19 experimental investigations, highlighting the diversity of rodent models and species peculiarities for each infection. We discuss the utility of non-human primates for translational research and emphasize on the benefits of non-conventional experimental models such as livestock. We epitomize advances facilitated by animal models with regard to understanding disease pathophysiology and immune responses. Finally, we highlight research areas necessitating optimized models and advocate that research of pulmonary infectious diseases could benefit from cross-fertilization between studies of apparently unrelated diseases, such as TB and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Corleis
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Max Bastian
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Donata Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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20
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Shaw JA, Malherbe ST, Walzl G, du Plessis N. Suppressive myeloid cells in SARS-CoV-2 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1222911. [PMID: 37545508 PMCID: PMC10399583 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1222911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic data show that both current and previous tuberculosis (TB) increase the risk of in-hospital mortality from coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), and there is a similar trend for poor outcomes from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection after recent SARS-CoV-2. A shared dysregulation of immunity explains the dual risk posed by co-infection, but the specific mechanisms are being explored. While initial attention focused on T cell immunity, more comprehensive analyses revealed a dysfunctional innate immune response in COVID-19, characterized by reduced numbers of dendritic cells, NK cells and a redistribution of mononuclear phagocytes towards intermediate myeloid subsets. During hyper- or chronic inflammatory processes, activation signals from molecules such as growth factors and alarmins lead to the expansion of an immature population of myeloid cells called myeloid-deprived suppressor cells (MDSC). These cells enter a state of pathological activation, lose their ability to rapidly clear pathogens, and instead become broadly immunosuppressive. MDSC are enriched in the peripheral blood of patients with severe COVID-19; associated with mortality; and with higher levels of inflammatory cytokines. In TB, MDSC have been implicated in loss of control of Mtb in the granuloma and ineffective innate and T cell immunity to the pathogen. Considering that innate immune sensing serves as first line of both anti-bacterial and anti-viral defence mechanisms, we propose MDSC as a crucial mechanism for the adverse clinical trajectories of TB-COVID-19 coinfection.
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21
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Xiong X, Yu M, Wang D, Wang Y, Cheng L. Th17/Treg balance is regulated by myeloid-derived suppressor cells in experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e872. [PMID: 37382257 PMCID: PMC10266145 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autoimmune myocarditis is caused by both innate and adaptive immune responses. Many studies have found that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) suppress T-cell responses and reduce immune tolerance, while MDSCs may serve as a key player in inflammatory responses and pathogenesis in variety of autoimmune diseases. However, research into the role of MDSCs in experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) remains lacking. METHODS AND RESULTS We discovered that the expansion of MDSCs in EAM was closely related to the severity of myocardial inflammation. At an early stage of EAM, both adoptive transfer (AT) and selective depletion of MDSCs could inhibit the expression of IL-17 in CD4+ cells and downregulate the Th17/Treg ratio, alleviating excessive inflammation of EAM myocarditis. In another experiment, in addition, MDSCs transferred after selective depletion could increase IL-17 and Foxp3 expressions in CD4+ cells, as well as the Th17/Treg ratio, contributing to the aggravation of myocardial inflammation. MDSCs promoted the Th17 cell induction under Th17-polarizing conditions in vitro but suppressed Treg expansion. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that MDSCs play a plastic role in sustaining mild inflammation in EAM by shifting Th17/Treg balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Mengjia Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Dinghang Wang
- Department of Emergency, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yange Wang
- Department of Cardiologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Longxian Cheng
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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22
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Shu LZ, Ding YD, Xue QM, Cai W, Deng H. Direct and indirect effects of pathogenic bacteria on the integrity of intestinal barrier. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2023; 16:17562848231176427. [PMID: 37274298 PMCID: PMC10233627 DOI: 10.1177/17562848231176427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial translocation is a pathological process involving migration of pathogenic bacteria across the intestinal barrier to enter the systemic circulation and gain access to distant organs. This phenomenon has been linked to a diverse range of diseases including inflammatory bowel disease, pancreatitis, and cancer. The intestinal barrier is an innate structure that maintains intestinal homeostasis. Pathogenic infections and dysbiosis can disrupt the integrity of the intestinal barrier, increasing its permeability, and thereby facilitating pathogen translocation. As translocation represents an essential step in pathogenesis, a clear understanding of how barrier integrity is disrupted and how this disruption facilitates bacterial translocation could identify new routes to effective prophylaxis and therapy. In this comprehensive review, we provide an in-depth analysis of bacterial translocation and intestinal barrier function. We discuss currently understood mechanisms of bacterial-enterocyte interactions, with a focus on tight junctions and endocytosis. We also discuss the emerging concept of bidirectional communication between the intestinal microbiota and other body systems. The intestinal tract has established 'axes' with various organs. Among our regulatory systems, the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems have been shown to play pivotal roles in barrier regulation. A mechanistic understanding of intestinal barrier regulation is crucial for the development of personalized management strategies for patients with bacterial translocation-related disorders. Advancing our knowledge of barrier regulation will pave the way for future research in this field and novel clinical intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Zhen Shu
- Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang,
Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yi-Dan Ding
- Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang,
Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qing-Ming Xue
- Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang,
Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang,
Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Pathology, the Fourth Affiliated
Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Huan Deng
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Affiliated
Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 133 South Guangchang Road, Nanchang
330003, Jiangxi Province, China
- Tumor Immunology Institute, Nanchang
University, Nanchang, China
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23
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Zhang MN, Yuan YL, Ao SH. Advances in the study of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in infectious lung diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1125737. [PMID: 37063919 PMCID: PMC10090681 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature cells capable of inhibiting T-cell responses. MDSCs have a crucial role in the regulation of the immune response of the body to pathogens, especially in inflammatory response and pathogenesis during anti-infection. Pathogens such as bacteria and viruses use MDSCs as their infectious targets, and even some pathogens may exploit the inhibitory activity of MDSCs to enhance pathogen persistence and chronic infection of the host. Recent researches have revealed the pathogenic significance of MDSCs in pathogens such as bacteria and viruses, despite the fact that the majority of studies on MDSCs have focused on tumor immune evasion. With the increased prevalence of viral respiratory infections, the resurgence of classical tuberculosis, and the advent of medication resistance in common bacterial pneumonia, research on MDSCs in these illnesses is intensifying. The purpose of this work is to provide new avenues for treatment approaches to pulmonary infectious disorders by outlining the mechanism of action of MDSCs as a biomarker and therapeutic target in pulmonary infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Nan Zhang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine and the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu-Lai Yuan
- The Department of Respirology of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Su-Hua Ao
- The Department of Respirology of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Su-Hua Ao,
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24
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Singh S, Maurya SK, Aqdas M, Bashir H, Arora A, Bhalla V, Agrewala JN. Mycobacterium tuberculosis exploits MPT64 to generate myeloid-derived suppressor cells to evade the immune system. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:567. [PMID: 36283989 PMCID: PMC11803053 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04596-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a smart and successful pathogen since it can persist in the intimidating environment of the host by taming and tuning the immune system. Mtb releases MPT64 (Rv1980c) protein in high amounts in patients with active tuberculosis (TB). Consequently, we were curious to decipher the role of MPT64 on the differentiating dendritic cells (DCs) and its relation to evading the immune system. We observed that pre-exposure of differentiating DCs to MPT64 (DCMPT64) transformed them into a phenotype of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). DCMPT64 expressed a high level of immunosuppressive molecules PD-L1, TIM-3, nitric oxide (NO), arginase 1, IDO-1, IL-10 and TGF-β, but inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12. DCMPT64 chemotaxis function was diminished due to the reduced expression of CCR7. DCMPT64 promoted the generation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) but inhibited the differentiation of Th1 cells and Th17 cells. Further, high lipid and methylglyoxal content, and reduced glucose consumption by DCMPT64, rendered them metabolically quiescent and consequently, reduced DCMPT64 ability to phagocytose Mtb and provided a safer shelter for the intracellular survival of the mycobacterium. The mechanism identified in impairing the function of DCMPT64 was through the increased production and accumulation of methylglyoxal. Hence, for the first time, we demonstrate the novel role of MPT64 in promoting the generation of MDSCs to favor Mtb survival and escape its destruction by the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanpreet Singh
- Immunology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Sudeep K Maurya
- Immunology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Mohammad Aqdas
- Immunology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Hilal Bashir
- Immunology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Ashish Arora
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Vijayender Bhalla
- Immunology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India
- Biosensor Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Javed N Agrewala
- Immunology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India.
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001, India.
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25
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Prochetto E, Borgna E, Jiménez-Cortegana C, Sánchez-Margalet V, Cabrera G. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells and vaccination against pathogens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1003781. [PMID: 36250061 PMCID: PMC9557202 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1003781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the immune system includes molecular and cellular components that play a role in regulating and suppressing the effector immune response in almost any process in which the immune system is involved. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are described as a heterogeneous population of myeloid origin, immature state, with a strong capacity to suppress T cells and other immune populations. Although the initial characterization of these cells was strongly associated with pathological conditions such as cancer and then with chronic and acute infections, extensive evidence supports that MDSCs are also involved in physiological/non-pathological settings, including pregnancy, neonatal period, aging, and vaccination. Vaccination is one of the greatest public health achievements and has reduced mortality and morbidity caused by many pathogens. The primary goal of prophylactic vaccination is to induce protection against a potential pathogen by mimicking, at least in a part, the events that take place during its natural interaction with the host. This strategy allows the immune system to prepare humoral and cellular effector components to cope with the real infection. This approach has been successful in developing vaccines against many pathogens. However, when the infectious agents can evade and subvert the host immune system, inducing cells with regulatory/suppressive capacity, the development of vaccines may not be straightforward. Notably, there is a long list of complex pathogens that can expand MDSCs, for which a vaccine is still not available. Moreover, vaccination against numerous bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi has also been shown to cause MDSC expansion. Increases are not due to a particular adjuvant or immunization route; indeed, numerous adjuvants and immunization routes have been reported to cause an accumulation of this immunosuppressive population. Most of the reports describe that, according to their suppressive nature, MDSCs may limit vaccine efficacy. Taking into account the accumulated evidence supporting the involvement of MDSCs in vaccination, this review aims to compile the studies that highlight the role of MDSCs during the assessment of vaccines against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Prochetto
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe capital, Argentina
| | - Eliana Borgna
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe capital, Argentina
| | - Carlos Jiménez-Cortegana
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Margalet
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Gabriel Cabrera
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe capital, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Gabriel Cabrera,
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26
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Leukes VN, Malherbe ST, Hiemstra A, Kotze LA, Roos K, Keyser A, De Swardt D, Gutschmidt A, Walzl G, du Plessis N. Sildenafil, a Type-5 Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor, Fails to Reverse Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell-Mediated T Cell Suppression in Cells Isolated From Tuberculosis Patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:883886. [PMID: 35935981 PMCID: PMC9353143 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.883886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful TB treatment is hampered by increasing resistance to the two most effective first-line anti-TB drugs, namely isoniazid and rifampicin, thus innovative therapies focused on host processes, termed host-directed therapies (HDTs), are promising novel approaches for increasing treatment efficacy without inducing drug resistance. We assessed the ability of Sildenafil, a type-5 phosphodiesterase inhibitor, as a repurposed compound, to serve as HDT target, by counteracting the suppressive effects of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) obtained from active TB cases on T-cell responsiveness. We confirm that MDSC suppress non-specific T-cell activation. We also show that Sildenafil treatment fails to reverse the MDSC-mediated suppression of T-cell functions measured here, namely activation and proliferation. The impact of Sildenafil treatment on improved immunity, using the concentration tested here, is likely to be minimal, but further identification and development of MDSC-targeting TB host-directed therapies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinzeigh N. Leukes
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stephanus T. Malherbe
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andriette Hiemstra
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Leigh A. Kotze
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kelly Roos
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alana Keyser
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dalene De Swardt
- Central Analytical Facility, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andrea Gutschmidt
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nelita du Plessis
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Nelita du Plessis,
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27
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Inhibition of myeloid-derived suppressor cell arginase-1 production enhances T-cell-based immunotherapy against Cryptococcus neoformans infection. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4074. [PMID: 35835754 PMCID: PMC9283461 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31723-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcosis is a potentially lethal disease that is primarily caused by the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans, treatment options for cryptococcosis are limited. Here, we show glucuronoxylomannan, the major polysaccharide component of C. neoformans, induces the recruitment of neutrophilic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in mice and patients with cryptococcosis. Depletion of neutrophilic myeloid-derived suppressor cells enhances host defense against C. neoformans infection. We identify C-type lectin receptor-2d recognizes glucuronoxylomannan to potentiate the immunosuppressive activity of neutrophilic myeloid-derived suppressor cells by initiating p38-mediated production of the enzyme arginase-1, which inhibits T-cell mediated antifungal responses. Notably, pharmacological inhibition of arginase-1 expression by a specific inhibitor of p38, SB202190, or an orally available receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, vandetanib, significantly enhances T-cell mediated antifungal responses against cryptococcosis. These data reveal a crucial suppressive role of neutrophilic myeloid-derived suppressor cells during cryptococcosis and highlight a promising immunotherapeutic application by inhibiting arginase-1 production to combat infectious diseases. Cryptococcus neoformans causes opportunistic infection and potentially lethal immunopathology but therapeutic options are limited. Here the authors implicate myeloid derived suppressor cells during C. neoformans infection and suggest targeting arginase-1 production as a potential therapeutic strategy.
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28
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Stevenson MM, Valanparambil RM, Tam M. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells: The Expanding World of Helminth Modulation of the Immune System. Front Immunol 2022; 13:874308. [PMID: 35757733 PMCID: PMC9229775 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.874308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with helminths or parasitic worms are highly prevalent worldwide especially in developing regions. Helminths cause chronic infections that are associated with suppression of immune responses to unrelated pathogens, vaccines, and by-stander antigens responsible for dysregulated immune responses as occurs in diseases such as allergies. Helminths use multiple mechanisms to modulate the immune system to evade the highly polarized type 2 immune response required to expel adult worms and for immunity to reinfection. Anthelmintic drugs are efficient in reducing adult worm burdens in helminth-infected individuals, but resistance to these drugs is rapidly increasing and vaccines against these pathogens are not available. Emerging evidence indicate that helminths induce myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), originally described in tumor-bearing mice and cancer patients. MDSC are a heterogenous population of immature cells that consist of two distinct sub-populations, polymorphonuclear (PMN)-MDSC and monocytic (M)-MDSC based on morphology and phenotype. MDSC suppress the function of T cells and other innate and adaptive immune cells including NK cells and B cells. During cancer or infection with bacteria or viruses, there is marked expansion of MDSC. Furthermore, the frequencies of MDSC correlate inversely with the prognosis and survival of tumor-bearing hosts as well as bacterial and viral burdens, persistence, and outcome in infected hosts. Currently, there is a paucity of data on MDSC and helminth infections. Here, we provide a survey of the evidence accumulated so far that overall support a role for MDSC in modulating immune responses during helminth infections. We review data from studies in various helminths, including those that infect humans. Finally, we summarize the progress to date in understanding the role of MDSC in helminth infections and briefly discuss potential host-directed strategies to target MDSC-mediated suppression of immune responses to helminths in favor of development of immunity to eliminate adult worms and possibly induce protection against reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M Stevenson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rajesh M Valanparambil
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mifong Tam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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29
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Kang TG, Kwon KW, Kim K, Lee I, Kim MJ, Ha SJ, Shin SJ. Viral coinfection promotes tuberculosis immunopathogenesis by type I IFN signaling-dependent impediment of Th1 cell pulmonary influx. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3155. [PMID: 35672321 PMCID: PMC9174268 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30914-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is often exacerbated upon coinfection, but the underlying immunological mechanisms remain unclear. Here, to elucidate these mechanisms, we use an Mtb and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus coinfection model. Viral coinfection significantly suppresses Mtb-specific IFN-γ production, with elevated bacterial loads and hyperinflammation in the lungs. Type I IFN signaling blockade rescues the Mtb-specific IFN-γ response and ameliorates lung immunopathology. Single-cell sequencing, tissue immunofluorescence staining, and adoptive transfer experiments indicate that viral infection-induced type I IFN signaling could inhibit CXCL9/10 production in myeloid cells, ultimately impairing pulmonary migration of Mtb-specific CD4+ T cells. Thus, our study suggests that augmented and sustained type I IFNs by virus coinfection prior to the pulmonary localization of Mtb-specific Th1 cells exacerbates TB immunopathogenesis by impeding the Mtb-specific Th1 cell influx. Our study highlights a negative function of viral coinfection-induced type I IFN responses in delaying Mtb-specific Th1 responses in the lung. Viral coinfection alongside mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection may lead to immune complications or interference with immune responses. Here the authors show that in mice infected with Mtb and LCMV virus the specific TH1 response to MTb is reduced through a type I IFN response to the infecting virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Gun Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 (BK21) FOUR Program, Yonsei Education & Research Center for Biosystems, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Woong Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsoo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Breast Cancer Precision Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Insuk Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Joon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 (BK21) FOUR Program, Yonsei Education & Research Center for Biosystems, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. .,Brain Korea 21 (BK21) FOUR Program, Yonsei Education & Research Center for Biosystems, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. .,Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Bahlool AZ, Grant C, Cryan SA, Keane J, O'Sullivan MP. All trans retinoic acid as a host-directed immunotherapy for tuberculosis. CURRENT RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 3:54-72. [PMID: 35496824 PMCID: PMC9040133 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the top bacterial infectious disease killer and one of the top ten causes of death worldwide. The emergence of strains of multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has pushed our available stock of anti-TB agents to the limit of effectiveness. This has increased the urgent need to develop novel treatment strategies using currently available resources. An adjunctive, host-directed therapy (HDT) designed to act on the host, instead of the bacteria, by boosting the host immune response through activation of intracellular pathways could be the answer. The integration of multidisciplinary approaches of repurposing currently FDA-approved drugs, with a targeted drug-delivery platform is a very promising option to reduce the long timeline associated with the approval of new drugs - time that cannot be afforded given the current levels of morbidity and mortality associated with TB infection. The deficiency of vitamin A has been reported to be highly associated with the increased susceptibility of TB. All trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the active metabolite of vitamin A, has proven to be very efficacious against TB both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we discuss and summarise the importance of vitamin A metabolites in the fight against TB and what is known regarding the molecular mechanisms of ATRA as a host-directed therapy for TB including its effect on macrophages cytokine profile and cellular pathways. Furthermore, we focus on the issues behind why previous clinical trials with vitamin A supplementation have failed, and how these issues might be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Z. Bahlool
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences (PBS), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Conor Grant
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences (PBS), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- SFI Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Dublin, Ireland
- SFI Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), RCSI, Dublin and National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Joseph Keane
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Mary P. O'Sullivan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
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31
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Deng H, Muthupalani S, Erdman S, Liu H, Niu Z, Wang TC, Fox JG. Translocation of Helicobacter hepaticus synergizes with myeloid-derived suppressor cells and contributes to breast carcinogenesis. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2057399. [PMID: 35371619 PMCID: PMC8966989 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2057399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial dysbiosis plays an important role in the development of intestinal diseases. Recent studies suggest a link between intestinal bacteria and mammary cancer. Here, we report that female ApcMin/+ mice infected with Helicobacter hepaticus exhibited an increased mammary and small/large intestine tumor burden compared with uninfected littermates. H. hepaticus DNA was detected in small/large intestine, mammary tumors, and adjacent lymph nodes, suggesting a migration pathway. CD11b+Gr1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) infiltrated and expressed high levels of Wnts, likely enhancing tumorigenesis through activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Our previous studies indicated that histidine decarboxylase (Hdc) marks a population of myeloid-biased hematopoietic stem cells and granulocytic MDSCs. Cytokines/chemokines secreted by IL-17-expressing mast cells and tumor tissues promoted Hdc+ MDSCs expansion and trafficking toward mammary tumors. Adoptive transfer of MDSCs isolated from H. hepaticus-infected mice increased MDSCs frequencies in peripheral blood, mesenteric lymph nodes, mammary gland, and lymph nodes in recipient ApcMin/+ mice. The adoptive transfer of H. hepaticus primed MDSCs also increased the size and number of mammary tumors. Our results demonstrate that H. hepaticus can translocate from the intestine to mammary tissues to promote mammary tumorigenesis with MDSCs. Targeting bacteria and MDSCs may be useful for the prevention and therapy of extraintestinal cancers. Abbreviations: Helicobacter hepaticus, Hh; myeloid-derived suppressor cell, MDSC; histidine decarboxylase, Hdc; Breast cancer, BC; T regulatory, TR; inflammatory bowel disease, IBD; fluorescence in situ hybridization, FISH; myeloid-biased hematopoietic stem cells, MB-HSCs; granulocytic MDSCs, PMN-MDSCs; Lipopolysaccharide, LPS; Toll-like receptors, TLRs; Mast cells, MCs; Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, GM-CSF; epithelial–mesenchymal transition, EMT; Intestinal epithelial cells, IECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Deng
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases and Herbert Irving Cancer Research Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Susan Erdman
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Haibo Liu
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases and Herbert Irving Cancer Research Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengchuan Niu
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases and Herbert Irving Cancer Research Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Timothy C. Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases and Herbert Irving Cancer Research Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - James G. Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Munansangu BSM, Kenyon C, Walzl G, Loxton AG, Kotze LA, du Plessis N. Immunometabolism of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells: Implications for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Insights from Tumor Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3512. [PMID: 35408873 PMCID: PMC8998693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of immunometabolism seeks to decipher the complex interplay between the immune system and the associated metabolic pathways. The role of small molecules that can target specific metabolic pathways and subsequently alter the immune landscape provides a desirable platform for new therapeutic interventions. Immunotherapeutic targeting of suppressive cell populations, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), by small molecules has shown promise in pathologies such as cancer and support testing of similar host-directed therapeutic approaches in MDSC-inducing conditions such as tuberculosis (TB). MDSC exhibit a remarkable ability to suppress T-cell responses in those with TB disease. In tumors, MDSC exhibit considerable plasticity and can undergo metabolic reprogramming from glycolysis to fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to facilitate their immunosuppressive functions. In this review we look at the role of MDSC during M. tb infection and how their metabolic reprogramming aids in the exacerbation of active disease and highlight the possible MDSC-targeted metabolic pathways utilized during M. tb infection, suggesting ways to manipulate these cells in search of novel insights for anti-TB therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nelita du Plessis
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa; (B.S.M.M.); (C.K.); (G.W.); (A.G.L.); (L.A.K.)
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Amiano NO, Pellegrini JM, Morelli MP, Martinena C, Rolandelli A, Castello FA, Casco N, Ciallella LM, de Casado GC, Armitano R, Stupka J, Gallego C, Palmero DJ, García VE, Tateosian NL. Circulating Monocyte-Like Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells and CD16 Positive Monocytes Correlate With Immunological Responsiveness of Tuberculosis Patients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:841741. [PMID: 35360105 PMCID: PMC8964076 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.841741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of myeloid cell populations have been reported in patients with tuberculosis (TB). In this work, we studied the relationship between myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and monocytes subsets with the immunological responsiveness of TB patients. Individuals with active TB were classified as low responders (LR-TB) or high responders (HR-TB) according to their T cell responses against a cell lysate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb-Ag). Thus, LR-TB, individuals with severe disease, display a weaker immune response to Mtb compare to HR-TB, subjects with strong immunity against the bacteria. We observed that LR-TB presented higher percentages of CD16 positive monocytes as compared to HR-TB and healthy donors. Moreover, monocyte-like (M-MDSC) and polymorphonuclear-like (PMN-MDSC) MDSC were increased in patients and the proportion of M-MDSC inversely correlated with IFN-γ levels released after Mtb-Ag stimulation in HR-TB. We also found that LR-TB displayed the highest percentages of circulating M-MDSC. These results demonstrate that CD16 positive monocytes and M-MDSC frequencies could be used as another immunological classification parameter. Interestingly, in LR-TB, frequencies of CD16 positive monocytes and M-MDSC were restored after only three weeks of anti-TB treatment. Together, our findings show a link between the immunological status of TB patients and the levels of different circulating myeloid cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás O. Amiano
- Departamento de Química Biológica. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joaquín M. Pellegrini
- Departamento de Química Biológica. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María P. Morelli
- Departamento de Química Biológica. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Martinena
- Departamento de Química Biológica. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Rolandelli
- Departamento de Química Biológica. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia A. Castello
- Departamento de Química Biológica. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Casco
- División Tisioneumonología, Hospital F.J. Muñiz, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Rita Armitano
- Hospital General de Agudos Parmenio Piñero, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Stupka
- Hospital General de Agudos Parmenio Piñero, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio Gallego
- Hospital General de Agudos Parmenio Piñero, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Domingo J. Palmero
- División Tisioneumonología, Hospital F.J. Muñiz, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica E. García
- Departamento de Química Biológica. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nancy L. Tateosian
- Departamento de Química Biológica. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Nancy L. Tateosian,
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Kotze LA, van der Spuy G, Leonard B, Penn-Nicholson A, Musvosvi M, McAnda S, Malherbe ST, Erasmus M, Scriba T, Koegelenberg CFN, Allwood BW, Walzl G, du Plessis N. Targeted Gene Expression Profiling of Human Myeloid Cells From Blood and Lung Compartments of Patients With Tuberculosis and Other Lung Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:839747. [PMID: 35356003 PMCID: PMC8959218 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.839747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) have been identified in the peripheral blood and granulomas of patients with active TB disease, but their phenotype-, function-, and immunosuppressive mechanism- spectrum remains unclear. Importantly, the frequency and signaling pathways of MDSC at the site of disease is unknown with no indication how this compares to MDSC identified in peripheral blood or to those of related myeloid counterparts such as alveolar macrophages and monocytes. Most phenotypic and functional markers have been described in oncological studies but have not yet been validated in TB. Using a panel of 43 genes selected from pathways previously shown to contribute to tumor-derived MDSC, we set out to evaluate if the expression of these additional functional markers and properties may also be relevant to TB-derived MDSC. Differential expression was investigated between MDSC, alveolar macrophages and monocytes enriched from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood of patients with active TB, patients with other lung diseases (OLD). Results demonstrated that anatomical compartments may drive compartment-specific immunological responses and subsequent MDSC immunosuppressive functions, demonstrated by the observation that MDSC and/or monocytes from PB alone can discriminate, via hierarchical clustering, between patients with active TB disease and OLD. Our data show that the gene expression patterns of MDSC in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid do not cluster according to disease states (TB vs OLD). This suggests that MDSC from TB patients may display similar gene expression profiles to those found for MDSC in cancer, but this needs to be validated in a larger cohort. These are important observations for TB research and may provide direction for future studies aimed at repurposing and validating cancer immunotherapies for use in TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Ann Kotze
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gian van der Spuy
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bryan Leonard
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Adam Penn-Nicholson
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Munyaradzi Musvosvi
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Shirley McAnda
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stephanus T. Malherbe
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mzwandile Erasmus
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Coenraad F. N. Koegelenberg
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Brian W. Allwood
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nelita du Plessis
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Tamadaho RSE, Ritter M, Wiszniewsky A, Arndts K, Mack M, Hoerauf A, Layland LE. Infection-Derived Monocytic MDSCs Require TGF-β to Suppress Filarial-Specific IFN-γ But Not IL-13 Release by Filarial-Specific CD4+ T Cells In Vitro. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2021.707100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic filariasis (LF) remains a major health problem with severe economic repercussions in endemic communities of Sub-saharan Africa, South-East Asia and South America. The rodent-specific nematode Litomosoides sigmodontis (Ls) is used to study the immunomodulatory potential of filariae and research has elucidated pathways involving regulatory T cells (Tregs), IL-10 producing cells and alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs) and that CD4+ T cells play a paramount role during infection. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been identified and characterised in man in cancer and other pathologies. The hallmark of MDSC populations is the suppression of T and B cell responses using various mechanisms, which are mostly specific to the pathology or setting. However, until now, it remains unclear whether they play a role in filarial-specific responses. We report here that monocytic MDSCs (Mo-MDSCs, CD11b+Ly6C+Ly6G-) and polymorphonuclear MDSCs (PMN-MDSCs, CD11b+Ly6Cint/loLy6G+) expanded in the thoracic cavity (TC, the site of infection) and correlated positively with filarial life-stages in Ls-infected BALB/c mice. In vitro, only infection-derived Mo-MDSCs showed a suppressive nature by preventing IL-13 and IFN-γ secretion from filarial-specific CD4+ T cells upon co-culture with soluble worm extract. This suppression was not mediated by IL-10, IL-6 or TNF-α, and did not require cell-contact, nitric oxide (NO), IL-4/IL-5 signalling pathways or CCR2. Interestingly, neutralizing TGF-β significantly rescued IFN-γ but not IL-13 production by filarial-specific CD4+ T cells. In comparison to naive cells, PCR array data showed an overall down-regulation of inflammatory pathways in both infection-derived Mo-MDSCs and PMN-MDSCs. In conclusion, these primary data sets show activity and expansion of MDSCs during Ls infection adding this regulatory cell type to the complex milieu of host responses during chronic helminth infections.
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CRISPR Interference Reveals That All- Trans-Retinoic Acid Promotes Macrophage Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Limiting Bacterial Access to Cholesterol and Propionyl Coenzyme A. mBio 2022; 13:e0368321. [PMID: 35038923 PMCID: PMC8764544 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03683-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a protective replicative niche for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) but can kill the infecting bacterium when appropriately activated. To identify mechanisms of clearance, we compared levels of bacterial restriction by human macrophages after treatment with 26 compounds, including some currently in clinical trials for tuberculosis. All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), an active metabolite of vitamin A, drove the greatest increase in Mtb control. Bacterial clearance was transcriptionally and functionally associated with changes in macrophage cholesterol trafficking and lipid metabolism. To determine how these macrophage changes affected bacterial control, we performed the first Mtb CRISPR interference screen in an infection model, identifying Mtb genes specifically required to survive in ATRA-activated macrophages. These data showed that ATRA treatment starves Mtb of cholesterol and the downstream metabolite propionyl coenzyme A (propionyl-CoA). Supplementation with sources of propionyl-CoA, including cholesterol, abrogated the restrictive effect of ATRA. This work demonstrates that targeting the coupled metabolism of Mtb and the macrophage improves control of infection and that it is possible to genetically map the mode of bacterial death using CRISPR interference. IMPORTANCE Tuberculosis, caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a leading cause of death due to infectious disease. Improving the immune response to tuberculosis holds promise for fighting the disease but is limited by our lack of knowledge as to how the immune system kills M. tuberculosis. Our research identifies a potent way to make relevant immune cells more effective at fighting M. tuberculosis and then uses paired human and bacterial genomic methods to determine the mechanism of that improved bacterial clearance.
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Bline K, Andrews A, Moore-Clingenpeel M, Mertz S, Ye F, Best V, Sayegh R, Tomatis-Souverbielle C, Quintero AM, Maynard Z, Glowinski R, Mejias A, Ramilo O. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Clinical Outcomes in Children With COVID-19. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:893045. [PMID: 35733812 PMCID: PMC9207271 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.893045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although children with COVID-19 account for fewer hospitalizations than adults, many develop severe disease requiring intensive care treatment. Critical illness due to COVID-19 has been associated with lymphopenia and functional immune suppression. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) potently suppress T cells and are significantly increased in adults with severe COVID-19. The role of MDSCs in the immune response of children with COVID-19 is unknown. AIMS We hypothesized that children with severe COVID-19 will have expansion of MDSC populations compared to those with milder disease, and that higher proportions of MDSCs will correlate with clinical outcomes. METHODS We conducted a prospective, observational study on a convenience sample of children hospitalized with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 and pre-pandemic, uninfected healthy controls (HC). Blood samples were obtained within 48 h of admission and analyzed for MDSCs, T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells by flow cytometry. Demographic information and clinical outcomes were obtained from the electronic medical record and a dedicated survey built for this study. RESULTS Fifty children admitted to the hospital were enrolled; 28 diagnosed with symptomatic COVID-19 (10 requiring ICU admission) and 22 detected by universal screening (6 requiring ICU admission). We found that children with severe COVID-19 had a significantly higher percentage of MDSCs than those admitted to the ward and uninfected healthy controls. Increased percentages of MDSCs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were associated with CD4+ T cell lymphopenia. MDSC expansion was associated with longer hospitalizations and need for respiratory support in children admitted with acute COVID-19. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that MDSCs are part of the dysregulated immune responses observed in children with severe COVID-19 and may play a role in disease pathogenesis. Future mechanistic studies are required to further understand the function of MDSCs in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Bline
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,Division of Critical Care Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Angel Andrews
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | - Sara Mertz
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Fang Ye
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Victoria Best
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Rouba Sayegh
- Division of Infectious Disease, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Cristina Tomatis-Souverbielle
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,Division of Infectious Disease, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ana M Quintero
- Division of Infectious Disease, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Zachary Maynard
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Rebecca Glowinski
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Asuncion Mejias
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,Division of Infectious Disease, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Octavio Ramilo
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,Division of Infectious Disease, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
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Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) represent an innate immune cell population comprised of immature myeloid cells and myeloid progenitors with very potent immunosuppressive potential. MDSCs are reported to be abundant in the lungs of active tuberculosis (TB) patients. We sought to perform an in-depth study of MDSCs during latent TB infection (LTBI) and active TB (ATB) using the nonhuman primate (NHP) model of pulmonary TB. We found a higher proportion of granulocytic, polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) in the lungs of ATB animals compared to those with LTBI or naive control animals. Active disease in the lung, but not LTBI, was furthermore associated with higher proliferation, expansion, and immunosuppressive capabilities of PMN-MDSCs, as shown by enhanced expression of Ki67, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1), interleukin-10 (IL-10), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). These immunosuppressive PMN-MDSCs specifically localized to the lymphocytic cuff at the periphery of the granulomas in animals with ATB. Conversely, these cells were scarcely distributed in interstitial lung tissue and the inner core of granulomas. This spatial regulation suggests an important immunomodulatory role of PMN-MDSCs by restricting T cell access to the TB granuloma core and can potentially explain dysfunctional anti-TB responses in active granuloma. Our results raise the possibility that the presence of MDSCs can serve as a biomarker for ATB, while their disappearance can indicate successful therapy. Furthermore, MDSCs may serve as a potential target cell for adjunctive TB therapy.
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Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a key player in the immune response to pathogens due to its role in promoting inflammation and recruiting immune cells to the site of infection. In tuberculosis (TB), tight regulation of IL-1 responses is critical to ensure host resistance to infection while preventing immune pathology. In the mouse model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, both IL-1 absence and overproduction result in exacerbated disease and mortality. In humans, several polymorphisms in the IL1B gene have been associated with increased susceptibility to TB. Importantly, M. tuberculosis itself has evolved several strategies to manipulate and regulate host IL-1 responses for its own benefit. Given all this, IL-1 appears as a promising target for host-directed therapies in TB. However, for that to succeed, more detailed knowledge on the biology and mechanisms of action of IL-1 in vivo, together with a deep understanding of how host-M. tuberculosis interactions modulate IL-1, is required. Here, we discuss the most recent advances in the biology and therapeutic potential of IL-1 in TB as well as the outstanding questions that remain to be answered.
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40
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Guler R, Ozturk M, Sabeel S, Motaung B, Parihar SP, Thienemann F, Brombacher F. Targeting Molecular Inflammatory Pathways in Granuloma as Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:733853. [PMID: 34745105 PMCID: PMC8563828 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.733853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, more than 10 million people developed active tuberculosis (TB), with 1.4 million deaths in 2020. In addition, the emergence of drug-resistant strains in many regions of the world threatens national TB control programs. This requires an understanding of host-pathogen interactions and finding novel treatments including host-directed therapies (HDTs) is of utter importance to tackle the TB epidemic. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent for TB, mainly infects the lungs causing inflammatory processes leading to immune activation and the development and formation of granulomas. During TB disease progression, the mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrates which form the central structure of granulomas undergo cellular changes to form epithelioid cells, multinucleated giant cells and foamy macrophages. Granulomas further contain neutrophils, NK cells, dendritic cells and an outer layer composed of T and B lymphocytes and fibroblasts. This complex granulomatous host response can be modulated by Mtb to induce pathological changes damaging host lung tissues ultimately benefiting the persistence and survival of Mtb within host macrophages. The development of cavities is likely to enhance inter-host transmission and caseum could facilitate the dissemination of Mtb to other organs inducing disease progression. This review explores host targets and molecular pathways in the inflammatory granuloma host immune response that may be beneficial as target candidates for HDTs against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reto Guler
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mumin Ozturk
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Solima Sabeel
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bongani Motaung
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Suraj P Parihar
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Friedrich Thienemann
- General Medicine & Global Health, Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Brombacher
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Kumar N, Khan N, Cleveland D, Geiger JD. A common approach for fighting tuberculosis and leprosy: controlling endoplasmic reticulum stress in myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Immunotherapy 2021; 13:1555-1563. [PMID: 34743608 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2021-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Leprosy and tuberculosis are infectious diseases that are caused by bacteria, and both share primary risk factors. Mediators of these diseases are regulated by a heterogeneous immature population of myeloid cells called myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that exhibit immunosuppressive activity against innate and adaptive immunity. During pathological conditions, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurs in MDSCs, and high levels of ER stress affect MDSC-linked immunosuppressive activity. Investigating the role of ER stress in regulating immunosuppressive functions of MDSCs in leprosy and tuberculosis may lead to new approaches to treating these diseases. Here the authors discuss the immunoregulatory effects of ER stress in MDSCs as well as the possibility of targeting unfolded protein response elements of ER stress to diminish the immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs and reinvigorate diminished adaptive immune system responses that occur in leprosy and tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 504 Hamline Street, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Nabab Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 504 Hamline Street, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Dawn Cleveland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 504 Hamline Street, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Jonathan D Geiger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 504 Hamline Street, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
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Kotze LA, Leukes VN, Fang Z, Lutz MB, Fitzgerald BL, Belisle J, Loxton AG, Walzl G, du Plessis N. Evaluation of autophagy mediators in myeloid-derived suppressor cells during human tuberculosis. Cell Immunol 2021; 369:104426. [PMID: 34469846 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are induced during active TB disease to restore immune homeostasis but instead exacerbate disease outcome due to chronic inflammation. Autophagy, in conventional phagocytes, ensures successful clearance of M.tb. However, autophagy has been demonstrated to induce prolonged MDSC survival. Here we investigate the relationship between autophagy mediators and MDSC in the context of active TB disease and during anti-TB therapy. We demonstrate a significant increase in MDSC frequencies in untreated active TB cases with these MDSC expressing TLR4 and significantly more mTOR and IL-6 than healthy controls, with mTOR levels decreasing during anti-TB therapy. Finally, we show that HMGB1 serum concentrations decrease in parallel with mTOR. These findings suggest a complex interplay between MDSC and autophagic mediators, potentially dependent on cellular localisation and M.tb infection state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh A Kotze
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Vinzeigh N Leukes
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Zhuo Fang
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Manfred B Lutz
- Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bryna L Fitzgerald
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - John Belisle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - Andre G Loxton
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nelita du Plessis
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Ex-vivo immunophenotyping and high dimensionality UMAP analysis of leucocyte subsets in tuberculous lymphadenitis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2021; 130:102117. [PMID: 34358992 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2021.102117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBL) is defined by reduced proinflammatory cytokines and elevated CD4+, CD8+ T cells and decreased CD8+ cytotoxic markers. However, ex-vivo phenotyping of diverse leucocytes in TBL has not been done. We show activated and atypical B cells, myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs), classical, non-classical and intermediate monocytes, T regulatory (T regs) cells, CD4+ T cell effector memory RA (TEMRA), CD4+ effector and CD8+ central memory phenotypes were significantly increased in TBL compared to LTB individuals. In contrast, classical memory and plasma B cells, plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), CD8+ TEMRA, CD4+ naïve and central memory cells were significantly decreased in TBL compared to LTB individuals. Some of the leucocyte frequencies (atypical memory B cells, pDCs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, CD4+ effector and CD8+ central memory was increased; activated memory and plasma B cell, mDCs, classical, non-classical, intermediate monocytes, T regs, CD4+ TEMRA, CD4+, CD8+ naïve and effector memory cells and CD8+ central memory cells were decreased) were significantly modulated after anti-TB treatment among TBL individuals. UMAP analysis show that leucocyte subsets or islands expressing specific markers were significantly different in TBL baseline and post-treatment individuals. Overall, we suggest altered frequencies of diverse leucocytes influences the disease pathology and protective immunity in TBL individuals.
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Vanhaver C, van der Bruggen P, Bruger AM. MDSC in Mice and Men: Mechanisms of Immunosuppression in Cancer. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132872. [PMID: 34203451 PMCID: PMC8268873 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) expand during pathological conditions in both humans and mice and their presence is linked to poor clinical outcomes for cancer patients. Studying MDSC immunosuppression is restricted by MDSCs’ rarity, short lifespan, heterogeneity, poor viability after freezing and the lack of MDSC-specific markers. In this review, we will compare identification and isolation strategies for human and murine MDSCs. We will also assess what direct and indirect immunosuppressive mechanisms have been attributed to MDSCs. While some immunosuppressive mechanisms are well-documented in mice, e.g., generation of ROS, direct evidence is still lacking in humans. In future, bulk or single-cell genomics could elucidate which phenotypic and functional phenotypes MDSCs adopt in particular microenvironments and help to identify potential targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Vanhaver
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 74, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
- Correspondence: (C.V.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Pierre van der Bruggen
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 74, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
- WELBIO, Avenue Hippocrate 74, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Annika M. Bruger
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 74, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
- Correspondence: (C.V.); (A.M.B.)
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Davids M, Pooran A, Smith L, Tomasicchio M, Dheda K. The Frequency and Effect of Granulocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells on Mycobacterial Survival in Patients With Tuberculosis: A Preliminary Report. Front Immunol 2021; 12:676679. [PMID: 34149712 PMCID: PMC8207464 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.676679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Protective host responses in those exposed to or infected with tuberculosis (TB) is thought to require a delicate balance between pro-inflammatory and regulatory immune responses. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory cells that dampen T-cell function, have been described in cancer and other infectious diseases but there are limited data on their role in TB. Methods Peripheral blood was obtained from patients with active pulmonary TB and participants with presumed latent TB infection (LTBI) from Cape Town, South Africa. MDSC frequency was ascertained by flow cytometry. Purified MDSCs were used to assess (i) their suppressive effect on T-cell proliferation using a Ki67 flow cytometric assay and (ii) their effect on mycobacterial containment by co-culturing with H37Rv-infected monocyte-derived macrophages and autologous pre-primed effector T-cells with or without MDSCs. Mycobacterial containment was measured by plating colony forming units (CFU). Results MDSCs (CD15+HLA-DR-CD33+) had significantly higher median frequencies (IQR) in patients with active TB (n=10) versus LTBI (n= 10) [8.2% (6.8-10.7) versus 42.2% (27-56) respectively; p=0.001]. Compared to MDSC-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear and effector T cell populations, dilutions of purified MDSCs isolated from active TB patients suppressed T-cell proliferation by up to 72% (n=6; p=0.03) and significantly subverted effector T-cell-mediated containment of H37Rv in monocyte-derived macrophages (n=7; 0.6% versus 8.5%; p=0.02). Conclusion Collectively, these data suggest that circulating MDSCs are induced during active TB disease and can functionally suppress T-cell proliferation and subvert mycobacterial containment. These data may inform the design of vaccines and immunotherapeutic interventions against TB but further studies are required to understand the mechanisms underpinning the effects of MDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Davids
- Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine and UCT Lung Institute & South African MRC/UCT Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anil Pooran
- Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine and UCT Lung Institute & South African MRC/UCT Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Liezel Smith
- Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine and UCT Lung Institute & South African MRC/UCT Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research; South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michele Tomasicchio
- Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine and UCT Lung Institute & South African MRC/UCT Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Keertan Dheda
- Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine and UCT Lung Institute & South African MRC/UCT Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Parveen S, Lun S, Urbanowski ME, Cardin M, Shen J, Murphy JR, Bishai WR. Effective host-directed therapy for tuberculosis by targeted depletion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and related cells using a diphtheria toxin-based fusion protein. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:1962-1972. [PMID: 33955457 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are present in elevated numbers in TB patients and have been found to be permissive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) proliferation. To determine whether depletion of MDSCs may improve host control of TB, we used a novel diphtheria toxin-based fusion protein known as DABIL-4 that targets and depletes IL-4-receptor positive cells. We show that DABIL-4 depletes both PMN-MDSCs and M-MDSC, increases IFNγ + T-cells, and reduces the lung bacillary burden in the mouse TB model. These results indicate that MDSC-depleting therapies targeting the IL-4 receptor are beneficial in TB and offer an avenue towards host-directed TB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiya Parveen
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, The United States of America
| | - Shichun Lun
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, The United States of America
| | - Michael E Urbanowski
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, The United States of America
| | - Mitchell Cardin
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, The United States of America
| | - Jessica Shen
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, The United States of America
| | - John R Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, The United States of America
| | - William R Bishai
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, The United States of America
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Santiago-Carvalho I, de Almeida-Santos G, Bomfim CCB, de Souza PC, Silva JCSE, de Melo BMS, Amaral EP, Cione MVP, Lasunskaia E, Hirata MH, Alves-Filho JCF, Nakaya HI, Alvarez JM, D'Império Lima MR. P2x7 Receptor Signaling Blockade Reduces Lung Inflammation and Necrosis During Severe Experimental Tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:672472. [PMID: 34026666 PMCID: PMC8131868 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.672472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of developing severe forms of tuberculosis has increased by the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, lack of effective drugs to eliminate latent infection and the emergence of drug-resistant mycobacterial strains. Excessive inflammatory response and tissue damage associated with severe tuberculosis contribute to poor outcome of the disease. Our previous studies using mice deficient in the ATP-gated ionotropic P2X7 receptor suggested this molecule as a promising target for host-directed therapy in severe pulmonary tuberculosis. In this study, we assessed the effects of P2X7 pharmacological blockade on disease severity. First, we observed an increase in P2RX7 gene expression in the peripheral blood of tuberculosis patients compared to healthy donors. Lung leukocytes of mice infected with hypervirulent mycobacteria also showed increased expression of the P2X7 receptor. P2X7 blockade in mice with advanced tuberculosis recapitulated in many aspects the disease in P2X7-deficient mice. P2X7-directed therapy reduced body weight loss and the development of inflammatory and necrotic lung lesions, as well as delayed mycobacterial growth. Lower TNF-α production by lung cells and a substantial reduction in the lung GR-1+ myeloid cell population were observed after P2X7 inhibition. The effector CD4+ T cell population also decreased, but IFN-γ production by lung cells increased. The presence of a large population with characteristics of myeloid dendritic cells, as well as the increase in IL-6 production by lung cells, also indicate a qualitative improvement in the pulmonary immune response due to P2X7 inhibition. These findings support the use of drugs that target the P2X7 receptor as a therapeutic strategy to improve the outcome of pulmonary tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Santiago-Carvalho
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gislane de Almeida-Santos
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio César Barbosa Bomfim
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Carolina de Souza
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juan Carlo Santos E Silva
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas (FCF), USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Pinheiro Amaral
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Elena Lasunskaia
- Laboratório de Biologia do Reconhecer, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Mario Hiroyuki Hirata
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas (FCF), USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Helder Imoto Nakaya
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas (FCF), USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Maria Alvarez
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Regina D'Império Lima
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Neutrophils in Tuberculosis: Cell Biology, Cellular Networking and Multitasking in Host Defense. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094801. [PMID: 33946542 PMCID: PMC8125784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils readily infiltrate infection foci, phagocytose and usually destroy microbes. In tuberculosis (TB), a chronic pulmonary infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), neutrophils harbor bacilli, are abundant in tissue lesions, and their abundances in blood correlate with poor disease outcomes in patients. The biology of these innate immune cells in TB is complex. Neutrophils have been assigned host-beneficial as well as deleterious roles. The short lifespan of neutrophils purified from blood poses challenges to cell biology studies, leaving intracellular biological processes and the precise consequences of Mtb–neutrophil interactions ill-defined. The phenotypic heterogeneity of neutrophils, and their propensity to engage in cellular cross-talk and to exert various functions during homeostasis and disease, have recently been reported, and such observations are newly emerging in TB. Here, we review the interactions of neutrophils with Mtb, including subcellular events and cell fate upon infection, and summarize the cross-talks between neutrophils and lung-residing and -recruited cells. We highlight the roles of neutrophils in TB pathophysiology, discussing recent findings from distinct models of pulmonary TB, and emphasize technical advances that could facilitate the discovery of novel neutrophil-related disease mechanisms and enrich our knowledge of TB pathogenesis.
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Namdev P, Patel S, Sparling B, Garg A. Monocytic-Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells of HIV-Infected Individuals With Viral Suppression Exhibit Suppressed Innate Immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:647019. [PMID: 33995365 PMCID: PMC8113814 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.647019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis can occur during any stage of Human Immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV) -infection including times when CD4+ T cell numbers have reconstituted and viral replication suppressed. We have previously shown that CD11b+CD33+CD14+HLA-DR-/lo monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) persist in HIV-infected individuals on combined anti-retroviral therapy (cART) and with virologic suppression. The response of MDSC to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is not known. In this study, we compared the anti-mycobacterial activity of MDSC isolated from HIV –infected individuals on cART with virologic suppression (HIV MDSC) and HIV-uninfected healthy controls (HIV (-) MDSC). Compared to HIV (-) MDSC, HIV MDSC produced significantly less quantities of anti-mycobacterial cytokines IL-12p70 and TNFα, and reactive oxygen species when cultured with infectious Mtb or Mtb antigens. Furthermore, HIV MDSC showed changes in the Toll-like receptor and IL-27 signaling, including reduced expression of MyD88 and higher levels of IL-27. Neutralizing IL-27 and overexpression of MyD88 synergistically controlled intracellular replication of Mtb in HIV MDSC. These results demonstrate that MDSC in fully suppressed HIV-infected individuals are permissive to Mtb and exhibit downregulated anti-mycobacterial innate immune activity through mechanisms involving IL-27 and TLR signaling. Our findings suggest MDSC as novel mediators of tuberculosis in HIV-Mtb co-infected individuals with virologic suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Namdev
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Shiv Patel
- Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Brandi Sparling
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Ankita Garg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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50
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Grassi G, Vanini V, De Santis F, Romagnoli A, Aiello A, Casetti R, Cimini E, Bordoni V, Notari S, Cuzzi G, Mosti S, Gualano G, Palmieri F, Fraziano M, Goletti D, Agrati C, Sacchi A. PMN-MDSC Frequency Discriminates Active Versus Latent Tuberculosis and Could Play a Role in Counteracting the Immune-Mediated Lung Damage in Active Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:594376. [PMID: 33981297 PMCID: PMC8107479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.594376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, is still the principal cause of death caused by a single infectious agent. The balance between the bacillus and host defense mechanisms reflects the different manifestations of the pathology. Factors defining this variety are unclear and likely involve both mycobacterial and immunological components. Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) have been shown to be expanded during TB, but their role in human TB pathogenesis is not clear. We evaluated the frequency of circulating MDSC by flow-cytometry in 19 patients with active TB, 18 with latent TB infection (LTBI), and 12 healthy donors (HD) as control. Moreover, we investigated the capacity of MDSC to modulate the mycobactericidal activity of monocytes. The association between MDSC level and TB chest X-ray severity score was analyzed. We observed that, unlike active TB, polymorphonuclear (PMN)-MDSC are not expanded in LTBI patients, and, by performing a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, we found that PMN-MDSC frequency supported the discrimination between active disease and LTBI. Interestingly, we observed an association between PMN-MDSC levels and the severity of TB disease evaluated by chest X-ray. Specifically, PMN-MDSC frequency was higher in those classified with a low/mild severity score compared to those classified with a high severity score. Moreover, PMN-MDSC can impact mycobacterial growth by inducing ROS production in Bacillus Calmette et Guerin (BCG)-infected monocytes. This effect was lost when tested with M. tuberculosis (MTB), In conclusion, our data indicate that the elevated frequency of PMN-MDSC in IGRA-positive individuals is associated with active TB. Our findings also pointed out a beneficial role of PMN-MDSC during human active TB, most likely associated with the limitation of inflammation-induced tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germana Grassi
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Vanini
- Laboratory of Translational Research, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,UOS Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Romagnoli
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research, and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'Lazzaro Spallanzani'-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Aiello
- Laboratory of Translational Research, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Casetti
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cimini
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Bordoni
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Notari
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gilda Cuzzi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Mosti
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gina Gualano
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Palmieri
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fraziano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Delia Goletti
- Laboratory of Translational Research, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Agrati
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sacchi
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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