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Yang Y, Xu L, Atkins C, Kuhlman L, Zhao J, Jeong JM, Wen Y, Moreno N, Kim KH, An YA, Wang F, Bynon S, Villani V, Gao B, Brombacher F, Harris R, Eltzschig HK, Jacobsen E, Ju C. Novel IL-4/HB-EGF-dependent crosstalk between eosinophils and macrophages controls liver regeneration after ischaemia and reperfusion injury. Gut 2024:gutjnl-2024-332033. [PMID: 38724220 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2024-332033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies indicate that eosinophils are recruited into the allograft following orthotopic liver transplantation and protect from ischaemia reperfusion (IR) injury. In the current studies, we aim to explore whether their protective function could outlast during liver repair. DESIGN Eosinophil-deficient mice and adoptive transfer of bone marrow-derived eosinophils (bmEos) were employed to investigate the effects of eosinophils on tissue repair and regeneration after hepatic IR injury. Aside from exogenous cytokine or neutralising antibody treatments, mechanistic studies made use of a panel of mouse models of eosinophil-specific IL-4/IL-13-deletion, cell-specific IL-4rα-deletion in liver macrophages and hepatocytes and macrophage-specific deletion of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (hb-egf). RESULT We observed that eosinophils persisted over a week following hepatic IR injury. Their peak accumulation coincided with that of hepatocyte proliferation. Functional studies showed that eosinophil deficiency was associated with a dramatic delay in liver repair, which was normalised by the adoptive transfer of bmEos. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that eosinophil-derived IL-4, but not IL-13, was critically involved in the reparative function of these cells. The data further revealed a selective role of macrophage-dependent IL-4 signalling in liver regeneration. Eosinophil-derived IL-4 stimulated macrophages to produce HB-EGF. Moreover, macrophage-specific hb-egf deletion impaired hepatocyte regeneration after IR injury. CONCLUSION Together, these studies uncovered an indispensable role of eosinophils in liver repair after acute injury and identified a novel crosstalk between eosinophils and macrophages through the IL-4/HB-EGF axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Long Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Constance Atkins
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lily Kuhlman
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jong-Min Jeong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yankai Wen
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nicolas Moreno
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kang Ho Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yu A An
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fenfen Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steve Bynon
- Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vincenzo Villani
- Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Disease, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Frank Brombacher
- University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences, Observatory, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Raymond Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth Jacobsen
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Cynthia Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Gales C, Stoica B, Rusu-Zota G, Nechifor M. Montelukast Influence on Lung in Experimental Diabetes. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:749. [PMID: 38792932 PMCID: PMC11123472 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The influence of montelukast (MK), an antagonist of cysLT1 leukotriene receptors, on lung lesions caused by experimental diabetes was studied. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on four groups of six adult male Wistar rats. Diabetes was produced by administration of streptozotocin 65 mg/kg ip. in a single dose. Before the administration of streptozotocin, after 72 h, and after 8 weeks, the serum values of glucose, SOD, MDA, and total antioxidant capacity (TAS) were determined. After 8 weeks, the animals were anesthetized and sacrificed, and the lungs were harvested and examined by optical microscopy. Pulmonary fibrosis, the extent of lung lesions, and the lung wet-weight/dry-weight ratio were evaluated. Results: The obtained results showed that MK significantly reduced pulmonary fibrosis (3.34 ± 0.41 in the STZ group vs. 1.73 ± 0.24 in the STZ+MK group p < 0.01) and lung lesion scores and also decreased the lung wet-weight/dry-weight (W/D) ratio. SOD and TAS values increased significantly when MK was administered to animals with diabetes (77.2 ± 11 U/mL in the STZ group vs. 95.7 ± 13.3 U/mL in the STZ+MK group, p < 0.05, and 25.52 ± 2.09 Trolox units in the STZ group vs. 33.29 ± 1.64 Trolox units in the STZ+MK group, respectively, p < 0.01), and MDA values decreased. MK administered alone did not significantly alter any of these parameters in normal animals. Conclusions: The obtained data showed that by blocking the action of peptide leukotrienes on cysLT1 receptors, montelukast significantly reduced the lung lesions caused by diabetes. The involvement of these leukotrienes in the pathogenesis of fibrosis and other lung diabetic lesions was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gales
- Department of Histology, “Gr T Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Stoica
- Department of Biochemistry, “Gr T Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriela Rusu-Zota
- Department of Pharmacology, “Gr T Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Mihai Nechifor
- Department of Pharmacology, “Gr T Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
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Sharma R, Tiwari A, Kho AT, Wang AL, Srivastava U, Piparia S, Desai B, Wong R, Celedón JC, Peters SP, Smith LJ, Irvin CG, Castro M, Weiss ST, Tantisira KG, McGeachie MJ. Circulating MicroRNAs associated with Bronchodilator Response in Childhood Asthma. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3101724. [PMID: 37461659 PMCID: PMC10350209 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3101724/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Rationale Bronchodilator response (BDR) is a measure of improvement in airway smooth muscle tone, inhibition of liquid accumulation and mucus section into the lumen in response to short-acting beta-2 agonists that varies among asthmatic patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are well-known post-translational regulators. Identifying miRNAs associated with BDR could lead to a better understanding of the underlying complex pathophysiology. Objective The purpose of this study is to identify circulating miRNAs associated with bronchodilator response in asthma and decipher possible mechanism of bronchodilator response variation. Methods We used available small RNA sequencing on blood serum from 1,134 asthmatic children aged 6 to 14 years who participated in the Genetics of Asthma in Costa Rica Study (GACRS). We filtered the participants into high and low bronchodilator response (BDR) quartiles and used DeSeq2 to identify miRNAs with differential expression (DE) in high (N= 277) vs low (N= 278) BDR group. Replication was carried out in the Leukotriene modifier Or Corticosteroids or Corticosteroid-Salmeterol trial (LOCCS), an adult asthma cohort. The putative target genes of DE miRNAs were identified, and pathway enrichment analysis was performed. Results We identified 10 down-regulated miRNAs having odds ratios (OR) between 0.37 and 0.76 for a doubling of miRNA counts and one up-regulated miRNA (OR=2.26) between high and low BDR group. These were assessed for replication in the LOCCS cohort, where two miRNAs (miR-200b-3p and miR-1246) were associated. Further, functional annotation of 11 DE miRNAs were performed as well as of two replicated miRs. Target genes of these miRs were enriched in regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis by SREBPs, ESR-mediated signaling, G1/S transition, RHO GTPase cycle, and signaling by TGFB family pathways. Conclusion MiRNAs miR-1246 and miR-200b-3p are associated with both childhood and adult asthma BDR. Our findings add to the growing body of evidence that miRNAs play a significant role in the difference of asthma treatment response among patients as it points to genomic regulatory machinery underlying difference in bronchodilator response among patients. Trial registration LOCCS cohort [ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT00156819], GACRS cohort [ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT00021840].
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinku Sharma
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | | | - Alvin T Kho
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | | | | | | | - Brinda Desai
- University of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital
| | - Richard Wong
- University of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital
| | - Juan C Celedón
- University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh
| | | | | | | | | | - Scott T Weiss
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School
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Knock-out of 5-lipoxygenase in overexpressing tumor cells-consequences on gene expression and cellular function. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:108-123. [PMID: 36114329 PMCID: PMC9842508 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00531-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO), the central enzyme in the biosynthesis of leukotrienes, is frequently expressed in human solid malignancies even though the enzyme is not present in the corresponding healthy tissues. There is little knowledge on the consequences of this expression for the tumor cells regarding gene expression and cellular function. We established a knockout (KO) of 5-LO in different cancer cell lines (HCT-116, HT-29, U-2 OS) and studied the consequences on global gene expression using next generation sequencing. Furthermore, cell viability, proliferation, migration and multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS) formation were studied in these cells. Our results show that 5-LO influences the gene expression and cancer cell function in a cell type-dependent manner. The enzyme affected genes involved in cell adhesion, extracellular matrix formation, G protein signaling and cytoskeleton organization. Furthermore, absence of 5-LO elevated TGFβ2 expression in HCT-116 cells while MCP-1, fractalkine and platelet-derived growth factor expression was attenuated in U-2 OS cells suggesting that tumor cell-derived 5-LO shapes the tumor microenvironment. In line with the gene expression data, KO of 5-LO had an impact on cell proliferation, motility and MCTS formation. Interestingly, pharmacological inhibition of 5-LO only partly mimicked the KO suggesting that also noncanonical functions are involved.
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5
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Moro MG, Oliveira MDS, Santana MM, de Jesus FN, Feitosa K, Teixeira SA, Franco GCN, Spolidorio LC, Muscará MN, Holzhausen M. Leukotriene receptor antagonist reduces inflammation and alveolar bone loss in a rat model of experimental periodontitis. J Periodontol 2021; 92:e84-e93. [PMID: 33491771 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukotrienes (LTs) participate in the process of tissue damage in periodontal disease by leukocyte chemotaxis and osteoclastic activation. The activation of Cysteinyl-LT receptor is associated with increased expression of proinflammatory molecules and osteoclastogenesis. However, its implications on periodontal disease progression have not been studied. The present study evaluated the effect of the cysteinyl-LT receptor antagonist (montelukast [MT]) on ligature-induced experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to bilateral ligature-induced periodontitis and orally treated with MT (at doses of 10 or 30 mg/kg/d, MT10, and MT30, respectively). Sham animals had the ligatures immediately removed and received placebo treatment. Sets of animals were euthanized 7, 14, or 21 days after ligature placement and the mandibles were removed for macroscopic evaluation of alveolar bone loss (ABL). In addition, histological analysis of periodontal tissues, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity of gingival tissues, and periodontal tissue expression of collagen type I, RUNX2, RANK, RANKL, OPG, BLT1, Cys-LTR1, LTA4H, and LTC4S were also analyzed. RESULTS MT significantly reduced ABL at 14 (MT10 and MT30) and 21 days (MT10) (P < 0.05), gingival MPO at 7 (MT10) and 14 days (MT30) (P < 0.05), LTA4H, BLT1 and LTC4S gene expression on day 14 day (MT30, P < 0.05) and increased RUNX2 expression on day 14 (MT30, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Systemic therapy with MT decreases periodontal inflammation and ABL in ligature-induced periodontitis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella G Moro
- Department of Stomatology, Discipline of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (FOUSP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilia D S Oliveira
- Department of Stomatology, Discipline of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (FOUSP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria M Santana
- Department of Stomatology, Discipline of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (FOUSP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavia N de Jesus
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karla Feitosa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone A Teixeira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilson C N Franco
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luis Carlos Spolidorio
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental School of Araraquara, State University of São Paulo (UNESP) Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo N Muscará
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marinella Holzhausen
- Department of Stomatology, Discipline of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (FOUSP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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6
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Wang Y, Yang Y, Wang M, Wang S, Jeong JM, Xu L, Wen Y, Emontzpohl C, Atkins CL, Duong K, Moreno NF, Yuan X, Hall DR, Dar W, Feng D, Gao B, Xu Y, Czigany Z, Colgan SP, Bynon JS, Akira S, Brown JM, Eltzschig HK, Jacobsen EA, Ju C. Eosinophils attenuate hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice through ST2-dependent IL-13 production. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabb6576. [PMID: 33536281 PMCID: PMC8167890 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb6576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils are a myeloid cell subpopulation that mediates type 2 T helper cell immune responses. Unexpectedly, we identified a rapid accumulation of eosinophils in 22 human liver grafts after hepatic transplantation. In contrast, no eosinophils were detectable in healthy liver tissues before transplantation. Studies with two genetic mouse models of eosinophil deficiency and a mouse model of antibody-mediated eosinophil depletion revealed exacerbated liver injury after hepatic ischemia and reperfusion. Adoptive transfer of bone marrow-derived eosinophils normalized liver injury of eosinophil-deficient mice and reduced hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury in wild-type mice. Mechanistic studies combining genetic and adoptive transfer approaches identified a critical role of suppression of tumorigenicity (ST2)-dependent production of interleukin-13 by eosinophils in the hepatoprotection against ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury. Together, these data provide insight into a mechanism of eosinophil-mediated liver protection that could serve as a therapeutic target to improve outcomes of patients undergoing liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaochun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shuhong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jong-Min Jeong
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Long Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yankai Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christoph Emontzpohl
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Constance Lynn Atkins
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kevin Duong
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nicolas F Moreno
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David R Hall
- Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wasim Dar
- Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Disease, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Disease, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zoltan Czigany
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - J Steve Bynon
- Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jared M Brown
- School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Jacobsen
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Cynthia Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Trinh HKT, Lee SH, Cao TBT, Park HS. Asthma pharmacotherapy: an update on leukotriene treatments. Expert Rev Respir Med 2019; 13:1169-1178. [PMID: 31544544 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2019.1670640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways with a large heterogeneity of clinical phenotypes. There has been increasing interest regarding the role of cysteinyl leukotriene (LT) and leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA) in asthma treatment.Areas covered: This review summarized the data (published in PubMed during 1984-2019) regarding LTRA treatment in asthma and LTs-related airway inflammation mechanisms. Involvement of LTs C4/D4/E4 has been demonstrated in the several aspects of airway inflammation and remodeling. Novel pathways related to LTE4, the most potent mediator, and its respective receptors have recently been studied. Antagonists against cysteinyl leukotriene receptor (CysLTR) type 1, including montelukast, pranlukast and zafirlukast, have been widely prescribed in clinical practices; however, some clinical trials have shown insignificant responses to LTRAs in adult asthmatics, while some phenotypes of adult asthma showed more favorable responses to LTRAs including aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, elderly asthma, asthma associated with smoking, obesity and allergic rhinitis.Expert opinion: Further investigations are needed to understand the role of LTs in airway inflammation and remodeling of the asthmatic airways. There is a lack of biomarkers to predict responsiveness to LTRA, especially in adult asthmatics. Besides CysLTR1 antagonists, targets aiming other LT pathways should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Kim Tu Trinh
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, South Korea.,Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh city, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam
| | - So-Hee Lee
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, South Korea
| | | | - Hae-Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, South Korea.,Department of Biomedicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
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Coentro JQ, Pugliese E, Hanley G, Raghunath M, Zeugolis DI. Current and upcoming therapies to modulate skin scarring and fibrosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 146:37-59. [PMID: 30172924 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ of the human body. Being the interface between the body and the outer environment, makes it susceptible to physical injury. To maintain life, nature has endowed skin with a fast healing response that invariably ends in the formation of scar at the wounded dermal area. In many cases, skin remodelling may be impaired, leading to local hypertrophic scars or keloids. One should also consider that the scarring process is part of the wound healing response, which always starts with inflammation. Thus, scarring can also be induced in the dermis, in the absence of an actual wound, during chronic inflammatory processes. Considering the significant portion of the population that is subject to abnormal scarring, this review critically discusses the state-of-the-art and upcoming therapies in skin scarring and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Q Coentro
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Eugenia Pugliese
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Geoffrey Hanley
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael Raghunath
- Center for Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Institute for Chemistry and Biotechnology (ICBT), Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland.
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9
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Doyle AD, Mukherjee M, LeSuer WE, Bittner TB, Pasha SM, Frere JJ, Neely JL, Kloeber JA, Shim KP, Ochkur SI, Ho T, Svenningsen S, Wright BL, Rank MA, Lee JJ, Nair P, Jacobsen EA. Eosinophil-derived IL-13 promotes emphysema. Eur Respir J 2019; 53:13993003.01291-2018. [PMID: 30728205 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01291-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory responses in chronic airway diseases leading to emphysema are not fully defined. We hypothesised that lung eosinophilia contributes to airspace enlargement in a mouse model and to emphysema in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).A transgenic mouse model of chronic type 2 pulmonary inflammation (I5/hE2) was used to examine eosinophil-dependent mechanisms leading to airspace enlargement. Human sputum samples were collected for translational studies examining eosinophilia and matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-12 levels in patients with chronic airways disease.Airspace enlargement was identified in I5/hE2 mice and was dependent on eosinophils. Examination of I5/hE2 bronchoalveolar lavage identified elevated MMP-12, a mediator of emphysema. We showed, in vitro, that eosinophil-derived interleukin (IL)-13 promoted alveolar macrophage MMP-12 production. Airspace enlargement in I5/hE2 mice was dependent on MMP-12 and eosinophil-derived IL-4/13. Consistent with this, MMP-12 was elevated in patients with sputum eosinophilia and computed tomography evidence of emphysema, and also negatively correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 s.A mouse model of chronic type 2 pulmonary inflammation exhibited airspace enlargement dependent on MMP-12 and eosinophil-derived IL-4/13. In chronic airways disease patients, lung eosinophilia was associated with elevated MMP-12 levels, which was a predictor of emphysema. These findings suggest an underappreciated mechanism by which eosinophils contribute to the pathologies associated with asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred D Doyle
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Manali Mukherjee
- Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University and St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - William E LeSuer
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Tyler B Bittner
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Saif M Pasha
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Justin J Frere
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Joseph L Neely
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Jake A Kloeber
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Kelly P Shim
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.,Division of Pulmonology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sergei I Ochkur
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Terence Ho
- Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University and St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Svenningsen
- Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University and St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin L Wright
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.,Division of Pulmonology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Matthew A Rank
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - James J Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.,Deceased
| | - Parameswaran Nair
- Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University and St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A Jacobsen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
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10
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Esser-von Bieren J. Eicosanoids in tissue repair. Immunol Cell Biol 2019; 97:279-288. [PMID: 30680784 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Trauma or infection can result in tissue damage, which needs to be repaired in a well-orchestrated manner to restore tissue function and homeostasis. Lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid (termed eicosanoids) play central and versatile roles in the regulation of tissue repair. Here, I summarize the current state-of the-art regarding the functional activities of eicosanoids in tissue repair responses during homeostasis and disease. I also describe how eicosanoids are produced during tissue damage and repair in a time-, cell- and tissue-dependent fashion. In particular, recent insights into the roles of eicosanoids in epithelial barrier repair are reviewed. Furthermore, the distinct roles of different eicosanoids in settings of pathological tissue repair such as chronic wounds, scarring or fibrosis are discussed. Finally, an outlook is provided on how eicosanoids may be targeted by future therapeutic strategies to achieve physiological tissue repair and prevent scarring and loss of tissue function in various disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Esser-von Bieren
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
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11
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Protective effect of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. TURK GOGUS KALP DAMAR CERRAHISI DERGISI-TURKISH JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY 2018; 26:588-597. [PMID: 32082801 DOI: 10.5606/tgkdc.dergisi.2019.15149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aims to investigate the early- and late-term effects of pharmacological inhibition of cysteinyl leukotriene activity by using montelukast in bleomycin-induced inflammatory and oxidative lung injury in an animal model. Methods The study included 48 male Wistar albino rats (weighing 250 g to 300 g). Rats were administered intratracheal bleomycin or saline and assigned into groups to receive montelukast or saline. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue samples were collected four and 15 days after bleomycin administration. Results Bleomycin resulted in significant increases in tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels (4.0±1.4 pg/mL in controls vs. 44.1±14.5 pg/mL in early-term vs. 30.3±5.7 pg/mL in late-term, p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively), transforming growth factor beta 1 levels (28.6±6.6 pg/mL vs. 82.3±14.1 pg/mL in early-term vs. 60.1±2.9 pg/mL in late-term, p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively), and fibrosis score (1.85±0.89 in early-term vs. 5.60±1.14 in late-term, p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively). In bleomycin exposed rats, collagen content increased only in the late-term (15.3±3.0 ?g/mg in controls vs. 29.6±9.1 ?g/mg in late-term, p<0.001). Montelukast treatment reversed all these biochemical indices as well as histopathological alterations induced by bleomycin. Conclusion Montelukast attenuates bleomycin-induced inflammatory and oxidative lung injury and prevents lung collagen deposition and fibrotic response. Thus, cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists might be regarded as new therapeutic agents for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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12
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Sun H, Yang L, Li MX, Fang H, Zhang AH, Song Q, Liu XY, Su J, Yu MD, Makino T, Wang XJ. UPLC-G2Si-HDMS untargeted metabolomics for identification of metabolic targets of Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang used as a therapeutic agent of dampness-heat jaundice syndrome. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1081-1082:41-50. [PMID: 29502028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang (YCHT), the classic formulae of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is widely used to treat dampness-heat jaundice syndrome (DHJS) and various liver diseases. However, the therapeutic mechanism of YCHT is yet to have an integrated biological interpretation. In this work, we used metabolomics technology to reveal the adjustment of small molecule metabolites in body during the treatment of YCHT. Aim to discover the serum biomarkers which are associated with the treatment of DHJS against YCHT. Pathological results and biochemical indicators showed that the hepatic injury and liver index abnormalities caused by DHJS was effectively improve after treatment with YCHT. On the basis of effective treatment, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC-G2Si-HDMS) combined with the multivariate statistical analysis method was utilized to analyze the serum samples. Finally, 22 biomarkers were identified by using mass spectrometry and illuminated the correlative metabolic pathways which play a significant role and as therapeutic targets in the treatment of DHJS. This work demonstrated that mass spectrometry metabolomics provides a new insight to elucidate the action mechanism of formulae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road, 24, Harbin, China
| | - Le Yang
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road, 24, Harbin, China
| | - Meng-Xi Li
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road, 24, Harbin, China
| | - Heng Fang
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road, 24, Harbin, China
| | - Ai-Hua Zhang
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road, 24, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Song
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road, 24, Harbin, China
| | - Xing-Yuan Liu
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road, 24, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Su
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road, 24, Harbin, China
| | - Meng-Die Yu
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road, 24, Harbin, China
| | - Toshiaki Makino
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 4678603, Japan
| | - Xi-Jun Wang
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road, 24, Harbin, China.
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13
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Mao J, Hu X, Pang P, Zhou B, Zhang Y, Li D, Shan H. Establishment of a CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Cysltr1
Knockout Mouse Model and iTRAQ-Based Proteomic Analysis. Proteomics Clin Appl 2018; 12:e1700087. [PMID: 29377627 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201700087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Mao
- Department of Interventional Medicine The Fifth Affiliated Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai P.R. China
- Department of Interventional Medicine The Third Affiliated Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai P.R. China
- Institute of Interventional Radiology; Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Hu
- Department of Interventional Medicine The Fifth Affiliated Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai P.R. China
- Institute of Interventional Radiology; Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Pang
- Department of Interventional Medicine The Fifth Affiliated Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai P.R. China
- Institute of Interventional Radiology; Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Interventional Medicine The Fifth Affiliated Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai P.R. China
- Institute of Interventional Radiology; Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai P.R. China
| | - Yaqin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai P.R. China
- Institute of Interventional Radiology; Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai P.R. China
| | - Hong Shan
- Department of Interventional Medicine The Fifth Affiliated Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai P.R. China
- Institute of Interventional Radiology; Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai P.R. China
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14
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Jacobsen EA, Ochkur SI, Doyle AD, LeSuer WE, Li W, Protheroe CA, Colbert D, Zellner KR, Shen HH, Irvin CG, Lee JJ, Lee NA. Lung Pathologies in a Chronic Inflammation Mouse Model Are Independent of Eosinophil Degranulation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:1321-1332. [PMID: 27922744 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201606-1129oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The release of eosinophil granule proteins in the lungs of patients with asthma has been dogmatically linked with lung remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness. However, the demonstrated inability of established mouse models to display the eosinophil degranulation occurring in human subjects has prevented a definitive in vivo test of this hypothesis. OBJECTIVES To demonstrate in vivo causative links between induced pulmonary histopathologies/lung dysfunction and eosinophil degranulation. METHODS A transgenic mouse model of chronic T-helper cell type 2-driven inflammation overexpressing IL-5 from T cells and human eotaxin 2 in the lung (I5/hE2) was used to test the hypothesis that chronic histopathologies and the development of airway hyperresponsiveness occur as a consequence of extensive eosinophil degranulation in the lung parenchyma. MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS Studies targeting specific inflammatory pathways in I5/hE2 mice surprisingly showed that eosinophil-dependent immunoregulative events and not the release of individual secondary granule proteins are the central contributors to T-helper cell type 2-induced pulmonary remodeling and lung dysfunction. Specifically, our studies highlighted a significant role for eosinophil-dependent IL-13 expression. In contrast, extensive degranulation leading to the release of major basic protein-1 or eosinophil peroxidase was not causatively linked to many of the induced pulmonary histopathologies. However, these studies did define a previously unappreciated link between the release of eosinophil peroxidase (but not major basic protein-1) and observed levels of induced airway mucin. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that improvements observed in patients with asthma responding to therapeutic strategies ablating eosinophils may occur as a consequence of targeting immunoregulatory mechanisms and not by simply eliminating the destructive activities of these purportedly end-stage effector cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wen Li
- 2 Department of Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, China; and
| | - Cheryl A Protheroe
- 3 Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Dana Colbert
- 3 Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | | | - HuaHao H Shen
- 2 Department of Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, China; and
| | - Charles G Irvin
- 4 Vermont Lung Center, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | | | - Nancy A Lee
- 3 Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona
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15
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Ochkur SI, Doyle AD, Jacobsen EA, LeSuer WE, Li W, Protheroe CA, Zellner KR, Colbert D, Shen HH, Irvin CG, Lee JJ, Lee NA. Frontline Science: Eosinophil-deficient MBP-1 and EPX double-knockout mice link pulmonary remodeling and airway dysfunction with type 2 inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:589-599. [PMID: 28515227 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3hi1116-488rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils and the release of cationic granule proteins have long been implicated in the development of the type 2-induced pathologies linked with respiratory inflammation. Paradoxically, the ablation of the two genes encoding the most abundant of these granule proteins, major basic protein-1 (MBP-1) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPX), results in a near collapse of eosinophilopoiesis. The specificity of this lineage ablation and the magnitude of the induced eosinopenia provide a unique opportunity to clarify the importance of eosinophils in acute and chronic inflammatory settings, as well as to identify potential mechanism(s) of action linked with pulmonary eosinophils in those settings. Specifically, we examined these issues by assessing the induced immune responses and pathologies occurring in MBP-1-/-/EPX-/- mice after 1) ovalbumin sensitization/provocation in an acute allergen-challenge protocol, and 2) crossing MBP-1-/-/EPX-/- mice with a double-transgenic model of chronic type 2 inflammation (i.e., I5/hE2). Acute allergen challenge and constitutive cytokine/chemokine expression each induced the accumulation of pulmonary eosinophils in wild-type controls that was abolished in the absence of MBP-1 and EPX (i.e., MBP-1-/-/EPX-/- mice). The expression of MBP-1 and EPX was also required for induced lung expression of IL-4/IL-13 in each setting and, in turn, the induced pulmonary remodeling events and lung dysfunction. In summary, MBP-1-/-/EPX-/- mice provide yet another definitive example of the immunoregulatory role of pulmonary eosinophils. These results highlight the utility of this unique strain of eosinophil-deficient mice as part of in vivo model studies investigating the roles of eosinophils in health and disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei I Ochkur
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Alfred D Doyle
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Jacobsen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - William E LeSuer
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China; and
| | - Cheryl A Protheroe
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Katie R Zellner
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Dana Colbert
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - HuaHao H Shen
- Department of Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China; and
| | - Charlie G Irvin
- Vermont Lung Center, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - James J Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Nancy A Lee
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA;
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16
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Kowal-Bielecka O, Chwiesko-Minarowska S, Bernatowicz PL, Allanore Y, Radstake T, Matucci-Cerinic M, Broen J, Hesselstrand R, Krasowska D, Riemekasten G, Vonk M, Kowalczuk O, Bielecki M, Milewski R, Chyczewski L, Niklinski J, Kowal K. The arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activating protein gene polymorphism is associated with the risk of scleroderma-related interstitial lung disease: a multicentre European Scleroderma Trials and Research group (EUSTAR) study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017; 56:844-852. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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17
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Dietz K, de Los Reyes Jiménez M, Gollwitzer ES, Chaker AM, Zissler UM, Rådmark OP, Baarsma HA, Königshoff M, Schmidt-Weber CB, Marsland BJ, Esser-von Bieren J. Age dictates a steroid-resistant cascade of Wnt5a, transglutaminase 2, and leukotrienes in inflamed airways. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 139:1343-1354.e6. [PMID: 27554815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway remodeling is a detrimental and refractory process showing age-dependent clinical manifestations that are mechanistically undefined. The leukotriene (LT) and wingless/integrase (Wnt) pathways have been implicated in remodeling, but age-specific expression profiles and common regulators remained elusive. OBJECTIVE We sought to study the activation of the LT and Wnt pathways during early- or late-onset allergic airway inflammation and to address regulatory mechanisms and clinical relevance in normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBEs) and nasal polyp tissues. METHODS Mice were sensitized with house dust mite (HDM) allergens from days 3, 15, or 60 after birth. Remodeling factors in murine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lung tissue, or human nasal polyp tissue were analyzed by means of Western blotting, immunoassays, or histology. Regulatory mechanisms were studied in cytokine/HDM-stimulated NHBEs and macrophages. RESULTS Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid LT levels were increased in neonatal and adult but reduced in juvenile HDM-sensitized mice. Lungs of neonatally sensitized mice showed increased 5-lipoxygenase levels, whereas adult mice expressed more group 10 secretory phospholipase A2, Wnt5a, and transglutaminase 2 (Tgm2). Older mice showed colocalization of Wnt5a and LT enzymes in the epithelium, a pattern also observed in human nasal polyps. IL-4 promoted epithelial Wnt5a secretion, which upregulated macrophage Tgm2 expression, and Tgm2 inhibition in turn reduced LT release. Tgm2, group 10 secretory phospholipase A2, and LT enzymes in NHBEs and nasal polyps were refractory to corticosteroids. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal age differences in LT and Wnt pathways during airway inflammation and identify a steroid-resistant cascade of Wnt5a, Tgm2, and LTs, which might represent a therapeutic target for airway inflammation and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Dietz
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marta de Los Reyes Jiménez
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva S Gollwitzer
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Service de Pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adam M Chaker
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Otolaryngology, Allergy Section, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich M Zissler
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Olof P Rådmark
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hoeke A Baarsma
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, University Hospital Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, University Hospital Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten B Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin J Marsland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Service de Pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julia Esser-von Bieren
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany.
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18
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Pelclova D, Zdimal V, Kacer P, Fenclova Z, Vlckova S, Komarc M, Navratil T, Schwarz J, Zikova N, Makes O, Syslova K, Belacek J, Zakharov S. Leukotrienes in exhaled breath condensate and fractional exhaled nitric oxide in workers exposed to TiO
2
nanoparticles. J Breath Res 2016; 10:036004. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/10/3/036004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Mühlfeld C, Hegermann J, Wrede C, Ochs M. A review of recent developments and applications of morphometry/stereology in lung research. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L526-36. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00047.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Design-based stereology is the gold standard of morphometry in lung research. Here, we analyze the current use of morphometric and stereological methods in lung research and provide an overview on recent methodological developments and biological observations made by the use of stereology. Based on this analysis we hope to provide useful recommendations for a good stereological practice to further the use of advanced and unbiased stereological methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mühlfeld
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany; and
- Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Hegermann
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph Wrede
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Ochs
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany; and
- Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany
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20
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Lee JJ, Protheroe CA, Luo H, Ochkur SI, Scott GD, Zellner KR, Raish RJ, Dahl MV, Vega ML, Conley O, Condjella RM, Kloeber JA, Neely JL, Patel YS, Maizer P, Mazzolini A, Fryer AD, Jacoby NW, Jacoby DB, Lee NA. Eosinophil-dependent skin innervation and itching following contact toxicant exposure in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 135:477-87. [PMID: 25129680 PMCID: PMC4464693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contact toxicant reactions are accompanied by localized skin inflammation and concomitant increases in site-specific itch responses. The role(s) of eosinophils in these reactions is poorly understood. However, previous studies have suggested that localized eosinophil-nerve interactions at sites of inflammation significantly alter tissue innervation. OBJECTIVE To define a potential mechanistic link between eosinophils and neurosensory responses in the skin leading to itching. METHODS BALB/cJ mice were exposed to different contact toxicants, identifying trimellitic anhydride (TMA) for further study on the basis of inducing a robust eosinophilia accompanied by degranulation. Subsequent studies using TMA were performed with wild type versus eosinophil-deficient PHIL mice, assessing edematous responses and remodeling events such as sensory nerve innervation of the skin and induced pathophysiological responses (ie, itching). RESULTS Exposure to TMA, but not dinitrofluorobenzene, resulted in a robust eosinophil skin infiltrate accompanied by significant levels of degranulation. Follow-up studies using TMA with wild type versus eosinophil-deficient PHIL mice showed that the induced edematous responses and histopathology were, in part, causatively linked with the presence of eosinophils. Significantly, these data also demonstrated that eosinophil-mediated events correlated with a significant increase in substance P content of the cutaneous nerves and an accompanying increase in itching, both of which were abolished in the absence of eosinophils. CONCLUSIONS Eosinophil-mediated events following TMA contact toxicant reactions increase skin sensory nerve substance P and, in turn, increase itching responses. Thus, eosinophil-nerve interactions provide a potential mechanistic link between eosinophil-mediated events and neurosensory responses following exposure to some contact toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz.
| | - Cheryl A Protheroe
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Huijun Luo
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Sergei I Ochkur
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Gregory D Scott
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Ore
| | - Katie R Zellner
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Randall J Raish
- Media Support Services, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Mark V Dahl
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Miriam L Vega
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Olivia Conley
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Rachel M Condjella
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Jake A Kloeber
- Brophy College Preparatory, Department of Science, Phoenix, Ariz
| | - Joseph L Neely
- Brophy College Preparatory, Department of Science, Phoenix, Ariz
| | - Yash S Patel
- Brophy College Preparatory, Department of Science, Phoenix, Ariz
| | - Patty Maizer
- Brophy College Preparatory, Department of Science, Phoenix, Ariz
| | - Andrew Mazzolini
- Brophy College Preparatory, Department of Science, Phoenix, Ariz
| | - Allison D Fryer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Ore
| | - Noah W Jacoby
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Ore
| | - David B Jacoby
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Ore
| | - Nancy A Lee
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
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Boorsma CE, Dekkers BGJ, van Dijk EM, Kumawat K, Richardson J, Burgess JK, John AE. Beyond TGFβ--novel ways to target airway and parenchymal fibrosis. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2014; 29:166-80. [PMID: 25197006 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Within the lungs, fibrosis can affect both the parenchyma and the airways. Fibrosis is a hallmark pathological change in the parenchyma in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), whilst in asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) fibrosis is a component of the remodelling of the airways. In the past decade, significant advances have been made in understanding the disease behaviour and pathogenesis of parenchymal and airway fibrosis and as a result a variety of novel therapeutic targets for slowing or preventing progression of these fibrotic changes have been identified. This review highlights a number of these targets and discusses the potential for treating parenchymal or airway fibrosis through these mediators/pathways in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Boorsma
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology, and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B G J Dekkers
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - E M van Dijk
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - K Kumawat
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Richardson
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals, QMC Campus, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - J K Burgess
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe 2037, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - A E John
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom.
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22
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Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor-1 antagonists as modulators of innate immune cell function. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:608930. [PMID: 24971371 PMCID: PMC4058211 DOI: 10.1155/2014/608930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) are produced predominantly by cells of the innate immune system, especially basophils, eosinophils, mast cells, and monocytes/macrophages. Notwithstanding potent bronchoconstrictor activity, cysLTs are also proinflammatory consequent to their autocrine and paracrine interactions with G-protein-coupled receptors expressed not only on the aforementioned cell types, but also on Th2 lymphocytes, as well as structural cells, and to a lesser extent neutrophils and CD8+ cells. Recognition of the involvement of cysLTs in the immunopathogenesis of various types of acute and chronic inflammatory disorders, especially bronchial asthma, prompted the development of selective cysLT receptor-1 (cysLTR1) antagonists, specifically montelukast, pranlukast, and zafirlukast. More recently these agents have also been reported to possess secondary anti-inflammatory activities, distinct from cysLTR1 antagonism, which appear to be particularly effective in targeting neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages. Underlying mechanisms include interference with cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, 5′-lipoxygenase, and the proinflammatory transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa B. These and other secondary anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the commonly used cysLTR1 antagonists are the major focus of the current review, which also includes a comparison of the anti-inflammatory effects of montelukast, pranlukast, and zafirlukast on human neutrophils in vitro, as well as an overview of both the current clinical applications of these agents and potential future applications based on preclinical and early clinical studies.
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23
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Jacobsen EA, LeSuer WE, Willetts L, Zellner KR, Mazzolini K, Antonios N, Beck B, Protheroe C, Ochkur SI, Colbert D, Lacy P, Moqbel R, Appleton J, Lee NA, Lee JJ. Eosinophil activities modulate the immune/inflammatory character of allergic respiratory responses in mice. Allergy 2014; 69:315-27. [PMID: 24266710 DOI: 10.1111/all.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance and specific role(s) of eosinophils in modulating the immune/inflammatory phenotype of allergic pulmonary disease remain to be defined. Established animal models assessing the role(s) of eosinophils as contributors and/or causative agents of disease have relied on congenitally deficient mice where the developmental consequences of eosinophil depletion are unknown. METHODS We developed a novel conditional eosinophil-deficient strain of mice (iPHIL) through a gene knock-in strategy inserting the human diphtheria toxin (DT) receptor (DTR) into the endogenous eosinophil peroxidase genomic locus. RESULTS Expression of DTR rendered resistant mouse eosinophil progenitors sensitive to DT without affecting any other cell types. The presence of eosinophils was shown to be unnecessary during the sensitization phase of either ovalbumin (OVA) or house dust mite (HDM) acute asthma models. However, eosinophil ablation during airway challenge led to a predominantly neutrophilic phenotype (>15% neutrophils) accompanied by allergen-induced histopathologies and airway hyper-responsiveness in response to methacholine indistinguishable from eosinophilic wild-type mice. Moreover, the iPHIL neutrophilic airway phenotype was shown to be a steroid-resistant allergic respiratory variant that was reversible upon the restoration of peripheral eosinophils. CONCLUSIONS Eosinophil contributions to allergic immune/inflammatory responses appear to be limited to the airway challenge and not to the sensitization phase of allergen provocation models. The reversible steroid-resistant character of the iPHIL neutrophilic airway variant suggests underappreciated mechanisms by which eosinophils shape the character of allergic respiratory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. A. Jacobsen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Mayo Clinic Arizona; Scottsdale AZ, USA USA
| | - W. E. LeSuer
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Mayo Clinic Arizona; Scottsdale AZ, USA USA
| | - L. Willetts
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Mayo Clinic Arizona; Scottsdale AZ, USA USA
- Pulmonary Research Group; Department of Medicine; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB, Canada USA
| | - K. R. Zellner
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Mayo Clinic Arizona; Scottsdale AZ, USA USA
| | - K. Mazzolini
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Mayo Clinic Arizona; Scottsdale AZ, USA USA
| | - N. Antonios
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Mayo Clinic Arizona; Scottsdale AZ, USA USA
| | - B. Beck
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Mayo Clinic Arizona; Scottsdale AZ, USA USA
| | - C. Protheroe
- Divisions of Hematology/Oncology; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Mayo Clinic Arizona; Scottsdale AZ, USA USA
| | - S. I. Ochkur
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Mayo Clinic Arizona; Scottsdale AZ, USA USA
| | - D. Colbert
- Divisions of Hematology/Oncology; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Mayo Clinic Arizona; Scottsdale AZ, USA USA
| | - P. Lacy
- Pulmonary Research Group; Department of Medicine; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB, Canada USA
| | - R. Moqbel
- Division of Allergy and Immunology; Department of Immunology; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg MB, Canada USA
| | - J. Appleton
- Baker Institute for Animal Health; College of Veterinary Medicine; Cornell University; Ithaca NY USA
| | - N. A. Lee
- Divisions of Hematology/Oncology; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Mayo Clinic Arizona; Scottsdale AZ, USA USA
| | - J. J. Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Mayo Clinic Arizona; Scottsdale AZ, USA USA
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