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Tompkins E, Mimic B, Penn RB, Pera T. The biased M3 mAChR ligand PD 102807 mediates qualitatively distinct signaling to regulate airway smooth muscle phenotype. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105209. [PMID: 37660916 PMCID: PMC10520882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells attain a hypercontractile phenotype during obstructive airway diseases. We recently identified a biased M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) ligand, PD 102807, that induces GRK-/arrestin-dependent AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation to inhibit transforming growth factor-β-induced hypercontractile ASM phenotype. Conversely, the balanced mAChR agonist, methacholine (MCh), activates AMPK yet does not regulate ASM phenotype. In the current study, we demonstrate that PD 102807- and MCh-induced AMPK activation both depend on Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinases (CaMKKs). However, MCh-induced AMPK activation is calcium-dependent and mediated by CaMKK1 and CaMKK2 isoforms. In contrast, PD 102807-induced signaling is calcium-independent and mediated by the atypical subtype protein kinase C-iota and the CaMKK1 (but not CaMKK2) isoform. Both MCh- and PD 102807-induced AMPK activation involve the AMPK α1 isoform. PD 102807-induced AMPK α1 (but not AMPK α2) isoform activation mediates inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in ASM cells, as demonstrated by increased Raptor (regulatory-associated protein of mTOR) phosphorylation as well as inhibition of phospho-S6 protein and serum response element-luciferase activity. The mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin and the AMPK activator metformin both mimic the ability of PD 102807 to attenuate transforming growth factor-β-induced α-smooth muscle actin expression (a marker of hypercontractile ASM). These data indicate that PD 102807 transduces a signaling pathway (AMPK-mediated mTORC1 inhibition) qualitatively distinct from canonical M3 mAChR signaling to prevent pathogenic remodeling of ASM, thus demonstrating PD 102807 is a biased M3 mAChR ligand with therapeutic potential for the management of obstructive airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tompkins
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bogdana Mimic
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Raymond B Penn
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tonio Pera
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Ippolito M, De Pascali F, Hopfinger N, Komolov KE, Laurinavichyute D, Reddy PAN, Sakkal LA, Rajkowski KZ, Nayak AP, Lee J, Lee J, Cao G, Donover PS, Reichman M, An SS, Salvino JM, Penn RB, Armen RS, Scott CP, Benovic JL. Identification of a β-arrestin-biased negative allosteric modulator for the β 2-adrenergic receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302668120. [PMID: 37490535 PMCID: PMC10401000 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302668120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Catecholamine-stimulated β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) signaling via the canonical Gs-adenylyl cyclase-cAMP-PKA pathway regulates numerous physiological functions, including the therapeutic effects of exogenous β-agonists in the treatment of airway disease. β2AR signaling is tightly regulated by GRKs and β-arrestins, which together promote β2AR desensitization and internalization as well as downstream signaling, often antithetical to the canonical pathway. Thus, the ability to bias β2AR signaling toward the Gs pathway while avoiding β-arrestin-mediated effects may provide a strategy to improve the functional consequences of β2AR activation. Since attempts to develop Gs-biased agonists and allosteric modulators for the β2AR have been largely unsuccessful, here we screened small molecule libraries for allosteric modulators that selectively inhibit β-arrestin recruitment to the receptor. This screen identified several compounds that met this profile, and, of these, a difluorophenyl quinazoline (DFPQ) derivative was found to be a selective negative allosteric modulator of β-arrestin recruitment to the β2AR while having no effect on β2AR coupling to Gs. DFPQ effectively inhibits agonist-promoted phosphorylation and internalization of the β2AR and protects against the functional desensitization of β-agonist mediated regulation in cell and tissue models. The effects of DFPQ were also specific to the β2AR with minimal effects on the β1AR. Modeling, mutagenesis, and medicinal chemistry studies support DFPQ derivatives binding to an intracellular membrane-facing region of the β2AR, including residues within transmembrane domains 3 and 4 and intracellular loop 2. DFPQ thus represents a class of biased allosteric modulators that targets an allosteric site of the β2AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ippolito
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA19107
| | - Francesco De Pascali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA19107
| | - Nathan Hopfinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA19107
| | - Konstantin E. Komolov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA19107
| | - Daniela Laurinavichyute
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA19107
| | | | - Leon A. Sakkal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA19107
| | - Kyle Z. Rajkowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA19107
| | - Ajay P. Nayak
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA19107
| | - Justin Lee
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ08901
| | - Jordan Lee
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ08901
| | - Gaoyuan Cao
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ08901
| | | | | | - Steven S. An
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ08901
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ08854
| | | | - Raymond B. Penn
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA19107
| | - Roger S. Armen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA19107
| | - Charles P. Scott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA19107
| | - Jeffrey L. Benovic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA19107
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In silico identification of a β 2-adrenoceptor allosteric site that selectively augments canonical β 2AR-Gs signaling and function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2214024119. [PMID: 36449547 PMCID: PMC9894167 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2214024119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of β2-adrenoceptors (β2ARs) causes airway smooth muscle (ASM) relaxation and bronchodilation, and β2AR agonists (β-agonists) are front-line treatments for asthma and other obstructive lung diseases. However, the therapeutic efficacy of β-agonists is limited by agonist-induced β2AR desensitization and noncanonical β2AR signaling involving β-arrestin that is shown to promote asthma pathophysiology. Accordingly, we undertook the identification of an allosteric site on β2AR that could modulate the activity of β-agonists to overcome these limitations. We employed the site identification by ligand competitive saturation (SILCS) computational method to comprehensively map the entire 3D structure of in silico-generated β2AR intermediate conformations and identified a putative allosteric binding site. Subsequent database screening using SILCS identified drug-like molecules with the potential to bind to the site. Experimental assays in HEK293 cells (expressing recombinant wild-type human β2AR) and human ASM cells (expressing endogenous β2AR) identified positive and negative allosteric modulators (PAMs and NAMs) of β2AR as assessed by regulation of β-agonist-stimulation of cyclic AMP generation. PAMs/NAMs had no effect on β-agonist-induced recruitment of β-arrestin to β2AR- or β-agonist-induced loss of cell surface expression in HEK293 cells expressing β2AR. Mutagenesis analysis of β2AR confirmed the SILCS identified site based on mutants of amino acids R131, Y219, and F282. Finally, functional studies revealed augmentation of β-agonist-induced relaxation of contracted human ASM cells and bronchodilation of contracted airways. These findings identify a allosteric binding site on the β2AR, whose activation selectively augments β-agonist-induced Gs signaling, and increases relaxation of ASM cells, the principal therapeutic effect of β-agonists.
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Tompkins E, Mimic B, Cuevas-Mora K, Schorsch H, Shah SD, Deshpande DA, Benovic JL, Penn RB, Pera T. PD 102807 Induces M3 mAChR-Dependent GRK-/Arrestin-Biased Signaling in Airway Smooth Muscle Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:550-561. [PMID: 35944139 PMCID: PMC9651198 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0320oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) not only are turned on or off to control canonical G protein signaling but also may be fine-tuned to promote qualitative/biased signaling. Qualitative signaling by M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) has been proposed, but its impact on physiologic systems remains unclear, and currently no biased M3 mAChR ligands have been described. Herein, we identify PD 102807 as a biased M3 ligand and delineate its signaling and function in human airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. PD 102807 induced M3-mediated β-arrestin recruitment but not calcium mobilization. PD 102807 inhibited methacholine (MCh)-induced calcium mobilization in (M3-expressing) ASM cells. PD 102807 induced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the downstream effector acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC). PD 102807- induced phosphorylated (p)-AMPK levels were greatly reduced in ASM cells with minimal M3 expression and were not inhibited by the Gq inhibitor YM-254890. Induction of p-AMPK and p-ACC was inhibited by β-arrestin 1 or GRK2/3 knockdown. Similarly, MCh induced phosphorylation of AMPK/ACC, but these effects were Gq dependent and unaffected by GRK2/3 knockdown. Consistent with the known ability of AMPK to inhibit transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-mediated functions, PD 102807 inhibited TGF-β-induced SMAD-Luc activity, sm-α-actin expression, actin stress fiber formation, and ASM cell hypercontractility. These findings reveal that PD 102807 is a biased M3 ligand that inhibits M3-transduced Gq signaling but promotes Gq protein-independent, GRK-/arrestin-dependent, M3-mediated AMPK signaling, which in turn regulates ASM phenotype and contractile function. Consequently, biased M3 ligands hold significant promise as therapeutic agents capable of exploiting the pleiotropic nature of M3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tompkins
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Bogdana Mimic
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Karina Cuevas-Mora
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Hannah Schorsch
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Sushrut D. Shah
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Deepak A. Deshpande
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Jeffrey L. Benovic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Raymond B. Penn
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Tonio Pera
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
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De Pascali F, Ippolito M, Wolfe E, Komolov KE, Hopfinger N, Lemenze D, Kim N, Armen RS, An SS, Scott CP, Benovic JL. β 2 -Adrenoceptor agonist profiling reveals biased signalling phenotypes for the β 2 -adrenoceptor with possible implications for the treatment of asthma. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:4692-4708. [PMID: 35732075 PMCID: PMC9474705 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE β-Adrenoceptor agonists relieve airflow obstruction by activating β2 -adrenoceptors, which are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed on human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells. The currently available β-adrenoceptor agonists are balanced agonists, however, and signal through both the stimulatory G protein (Gs )- and β-arrestin-mediated pathways. While Gs signalling is beneficial and promotes HASM relaxation, β-arrestin activation is associated with reduced Gs efficacy. In this context, biased ligands that selectively promote β2 -adrenoceptor coupling to Gs signalling represent a promising strategy to treat asthma. Here, we examined several β-adrenoceptor agonists to identify Gs -biased ligands devoid of β-arrestin-mediated effects. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Gs -biased ligands for the β2 -adrenoceptor were identified by high-throughput screening and then evaluated for Gs interaction, Gi interaction, cAMP production, β-arrestin interaction, GPCR kinase (GRK) phosphorylation of the receptor, receptor trafficking, ERK activation, and functional desensitization of the β2 -adrenoceptor. KEY RESULTS We identified ractopamine, dobutamine, and higenamine as Gs -biased agonists that activate the Gs /cAMP pathway upon β2 -adrenoceptor stimulation while showing minimal Gi or β-arrestin interaction. Furthermore, these compounds did not induce any receptor trafficking and had reduced GRK5-mediated phosphorylation of the β2 -adrenoceptor. Finally, we observed minimal physiological desensitization of the β2 -adrenoceptor in primary HASM cells upon treatment with biased agonists. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our work demonstrates that Gs -biased signalling through the β2 -adrenoceptor may prove to be an effective strategy to promote HASM relaxation in the treatment of asthma. Such biased compounds may also be useful in identifying the molecular mechanisms that determine biased signalling and in design of safer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Pascali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Michael Ippolito
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Emily Wolfe
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, New Jersey and Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Konstantin E. Komolov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nathan Hopfinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Douglas Lemenze
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, New Jersey and Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nicholas Kim
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, New Jersey and Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Roger S. Armen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steven S. An
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, New Jersey and Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Charles P. Scott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Benovic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Ma W, Yang L, Liu Y, Lei P, Zhang Y. β 2-adrenergic receptor affinity chromatography with an interaction force analysis model: A method for analysis of active compounds targeting β 2-adrenergic receptor. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1652:462371. [PMID: 34242937 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide, and β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonists have been reported to be highly effective bronchodilators against this disease. In this study, we successfully constructed a novel CHO-β2AR affinity chromatography (CHO-β2AR/AC), which was evaluated by infrared spectroscopic and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. In addition, CHO-β2AR/AC model exhibited good selectivity and reliability with the relative standard deviation smaller than 5.6% after 30 days. Furthermore, an interaction force analysis model was developed based on CHO-β2AR/AC. The results showed that the interaction force analysis model (Φ•E•pKa) exhibited a strong correlation with equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) (r2=0.9284, p=0.002) and a good correlation with logarithm of half-maximum effective concentration (pEC50) values (r2=0.7135, p=0.034). In addition, a pool of clinically approved drugs was screened by this CHO-β2AR/AC model. Codeine wasfound to bind to and activate β2AR with KD value of 4.10 × 10-7 M, leading to increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production with EC50 of 6.49 × 10-7 M and reduction of intracellular Ca2+ concentration, which in turn relaxes bronchial contraction with EC50 of 2.62 × 10-6 M. Furthermore, the KD value and pEC50 of codeine were within the 95% prediction range of the interaction force analysis model. The results indicate that the CHO-β2AR/AC with interaction force analysis model constructed in this study can be used to effectively and rapidly screen active compounds targeting β2AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Liu Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China; Xi'an Mental Health Center, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Pharmacy (Mental Health), Xi'an 710100, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Panpan Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China.
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Sharma P, Penn RB. Can GPCRs Be Targeted to Control Inflammation in Asthma? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1304:1-20. [PMID: 34019260 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68748-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Historically, the drugs used to manage obstructive lung diseases (OLDs), asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) either (1) directly regulate airway contraction by blocking or relaxing airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction or (2) indirectly regulate ASM contraction by inhibiting the principal cause of ASM contraction/bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation. To date, these tasks have been respectively assigned to two diverse drug types: agonists/antagonists of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and inhaled or systemic steroids. These two types of drugs "stay in their lane" with respect to their actions and consequently require the addition of the other drug to effectively manage both inflammation and bronchoconstriction in OLDs. Indeed, it has been speculated that safety issues historically associated with beta-agonist use (beta-agonists activate the beta-2-adrenoceptor (β2AR) on airway smooth muscle (ASM) to provide bronchoprotection/bronchorelaxation) are a function of pro-inflammatory actions of β2AR agonism. Recently, however, previously unappreciated roles of various GPCRs on ASM contractility and on airway inflammation have been elucidated, raising the possibility that novel GPCR ligands targeting these GPCRs can be developed as anti-inflammatory therapeutics. Moreover, we now know that many GPCRs can be "tuned" and not just turned "off" or "on" to specifically activate the beneficial therapeutic signaling a receptor can transduce while avoiding detrimental signaling. Thus, the fledging field of biased agonism pharmacology has the potential to turn the β2AR into an anti-inflammatory facilitator in asthma, possibly reducing or eliminating the need for steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Sharma
- Center for Translational Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, & Critical Care Medicine Jane & Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Sidney Kimmel Medical College Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raymond B Penn
- Center for Translational Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, & Critical Care Medicine Jane & Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Sidney Kimmel Medical College Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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8
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Xu W, Zhang J, Xiao J. Roflumilast Suppresses Adipogenic Differentiation via AMPK Mediated Pathway. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:662451. [PMID: 34163436 PMCID: PMC8215703 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.662451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and related disorders have increasingly become global health problems over the years. In recent years, obesity has been recognized as the most important risk factor for a variety of diseases including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, steatohepatitis, and cancer. The medical anti-obesity treatment is to intervene in the metabolic process of adipocytes by suppressing adipogenesis and promoting lipolysis. The Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) pathway is involved in fat mass control and metabolic regulation. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Roflumilast, a selective PDE4 inhibitor, on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and the high fat diet-induced obesity in mice. We showed that treatment with Roflumilast inhibited lipid accumulation and triglycerides storage in mature 3T3-L1 cells, suggesting that Roflumilast suppressed adipogenesis. Mechanistically, we found that Roflumilast decreased the differentiation-induced expression of the adipogenesis genes including SREBP1C, FABP4, and Glut4, as well as their regulators including PPAR-γ and C/EBPα. Moreover, we proved that the effect of Roflumilast was dependent on the activation of the metabolic regulator AMPKα. The treatment with Roflumilast remarkably decreased the animals' body weight, visceral adipose tissue weight, and adipocyte size in high fat diet-induced obese mice. In conclusion, our study revealed that Roflumilast suppressed adipogenesis and promoted lipolysis in cell culture and mice models via AMPK-mediated inhibition of PPAR-γ and C/EBPα. These findings imply roflumilast could have therapeutic potential in obesity-related diseases.
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Joshi R, Hamed O, Yan D, Michi AN, Mostafa MM, Wiehler S, Newton R, Giembycz MA. Prostanoid Receptors of the EP 4-Subtype Mediate Gene Expression Changes in Human Airway Epithelial Cells with Potential Anti-Inflammatory Activity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 376:161-180. [PMID: 33158942 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a clear, unmet clinical need to identify new drugs to treat individuals with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in whom current medications are either inactive or suboptimal. In preclinical models, EP4-receptor agonists display efficacy, but their mechanism of action is unclear. In this study, using human bronchial epithelial cells as a therapeutically relevant drug target, we hypothesized that changes in gene expression may play an important role. Several prostanoid receptor mRNAs were detected in BEAS-2B cells, human primary bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) grown in submersion culture and HBECs grown at an air-liquid interface with PTGER4 predominating. By using the activation of a cAMP response element reporter in BEAS-2B cells as a surrogate of gene expression, Schild analysis determined that PTGER4 mRNAs encoded functional EP4-receptors. Moreover, inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 4 (roflumilast N-oxide [RNO]) and cAMP-dependent protein kinase augmented and attenuated, respectively, reporter activation induced by 2-[3-[(1R,2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(E,3S)-3-hydroxy-5-[2-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]pent-1-enyl]-5-oxo-cyclopentyl]sulphanylpropylsulphanyl] acetic acid (ONO-AE1-329), a selective EP4-receptor agonist. ONO-AE1-329 also enhanced dexamethasone-induced activation of a glucocorticoid response element reporter in BEAS-2B cells, which was similarly potentiated by RNO. In each airway epithelial cell variant, numerous genes that may impart therapeutic benefit in asthma, COPD, and/or IPF were differentially expressed by ONO-AE1-329, and those changes were often augmented by RNO and/or dexamethasone. We submit that an EP4-receptor agonist, either alone or as a combination therapy, may be beneficial in individuals with chronic lung diseases in whom current treatment options are inadequate. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Using human bronchial epithelial cells as a therapeutically relevant drug target, we report that EP4-receptor activation promoted gene expression changes that could provide therapeutic benefit in individuals with asthma, COPD, and IPF in whom current treatment options are ineffective or suboptimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Joshi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Omar Hamed
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dong Yan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aubrey N Michi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mahmoud M Mostafa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shahina Wiehler
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robert Newton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mark A Giembycz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Bond RA, Lucero Garcia-Rojas EY, Hegde A, Walker JKL. Therapeutic Potential of Targeting ß-Arrestin. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:124. [PMID: 30894814 PMCID: PMC6414794 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ß-arrestins are multifunctional proteins that modulate heptahelical 7 transmembrane receptors, also known as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), a superfamily of receptors that regulate most physiological processes. ß-arrestin modulation of GPCR function includes termination of G protein-dependent signaling, initiation of ß-arrestin-dependent signaling, receptor trafficking to degradative or recycling pathways, receptor transactivation, transcriptional regulation, and localization of second messenger regulators. The pleiotropic influence ß-arrestins exert on these receptors regulates a breadth of physiological functions, and additionally, ß-arrestins are involved in the pathophysiology of numerous and wide-ranging diseases, making them prime therapeutic targets. In this review, we briefly describe the mechanisms by which ß-arrestins regulate GPCR signaling, including the functional cellular mechanisms modulated by ß-arrestins and relate this to observed pathophysiological responses associated with ß-arrestins. We focus on the role for ß-arrestins in transducing cell signaling; a pathway that is complementary to the classical G protein-coupling pathway. The existence of these GPCR dual signaling pathways offers an immense therapeutic opportunity through selective targeting of one signaling pathway over the other. Finally, we will consider several mechanisms by which the potential of dual signaling pathway regulation can be harnessed and the implications for improved disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Bond
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Emilio Y Lucero Garcia-Rojas
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Akhil Hegde
- School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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11
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Yee MC, Nichols HL, Polley D, Saifeddine M, Pal K, Lee K, Wilson EH, Daines MO, Hollenberg MD, Boitano S, DeFea KA. Protease-activated receptor-2 signaling through β-arrestin-2 mediates Alternaria alkaline serine protease-induced airway inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 315:L1042-L1057. [PMID: 30335499 PMCID: PMC6337008 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00196.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternaria alternata is a fungal allergen associated with severe asthma and asthma exacerbations. Similarly to other asthma-associated allergens, Alternaria secretes a serine-like trypsin protease(s) that is thought to act through the G protein-coupled receptor protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) to induce asthma symptoms. However, specific mechanisms underlying Alternaria-induced PAR2 activation and signaling remain ill-defined. We sought to determine whether Alternaria-induced PAR2 signaling contributed to asthma symptoms via a PAR2/β-arrestin signaling axis, identify the protease activity responsible for PAR2 signaling, and determine whether protease activity was sufficient for Alternaria-induced asthma symptoms in animal models. We initially used in vitro models to demonstrate Alternaria-induced PAR2/β-arrestin-2 signaling. Alternaria filtrates were then used to sensitize and challenge wild-type, PAR2-/- and β-arrestin-2-/- mice in vivo. Intranasal administration of Alternaria filtrate resulted in a protease-dependent increase of airway inflammation and mucin production in wild-type but not PAR2-/- or β-arrestin-2-/- mice. Protease was isolated from Alternaria preparations, and select in vitro and in vivo experiments were repeated to evaluate sufficiency of the isolated Alternaria protease to induce asthma phenotype. Administration of a single isolated serine protease from Alternaria, Alternaria alkaline serine protease (AASP), was sufficient to fully activate PAR2 signaling and induce β-arrestin-2-/--dependent eosinophil and lymphocyte recruitment in vivo. In conclusion, Alternaria filtrates induce airway inflammation and mucus hyperplasia largely via AASP using the PAR2/β-arrestin signaling axis. Thus, β-arrestin-biased PAR2 antagonists represent novel therapeutic targets for treating aeroallergen-induced asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Yee
- Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Program, University of California Riverside , Riverside, California
| | - Heddie L Nichols
- Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Program, University of California Riverside , Riverside, California
| | - Danny Polley
- Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
| | - Mahmoud Saifeddine
- Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
| | - Kasturi Pal
- Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Program, University of California Riverside , Riverside, California
- Cell Molecular and Developmental Biology and Biochemistry Graduate Program, University of California Riverside , Riverside, California
| | - Kyu Lee
- Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Program, University of California Riverside , Riverside, California
- Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of California Riverside , Riverside, California
| | - Emma H Wilson
- Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Program, University of California Riverside , Riverside, California
| | - Michael O Daines
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona Health Sciences , Tucson, Arizona
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Morley D Hollenberg
- Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
| | - Scott Boitano
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences , Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona Health Sciences , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Kathryn A DeFea
- Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Program, University of California Riverside , Riverside, California
- Cell Molecular and Developmental Biology and Biochemistry Graduate Program, University of California Riverside , Riverside, California
- Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of California Riverside , Riverside, California
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12
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Lin R, Choi YH, Zidar DA, Walker JKL. β-Arrestin-2-Dependent Signaling Promotes CCR4-mediated Chemotaxis of Murine T-Helper Type 2 Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:745-755. [PMID: 29361236 PMCID: PMC6002661 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0240oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a complex inflammatory disease that leads to significant healthcare costs and reduction in quality of life. Although many cell types are implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma, CD4+ T-helper cell type 2 (Th2) cells are centrally involved. We previously reported that the asthma phenotype is virtually absent in ovalbumin-sensitized and -challenged mice that lack global expression of β-arrestin (β-arr)-2 and that CD4+ T cells from these mice displayed significantly reduced CCL22-mediated chemotaxis. Because CCL22-mediated activation of CCR4 plays a role in Th2 cell regulation in asthmatic inflammation, we hypothesized that CCR4-mediated migration of CD4+ Th2 cells to the lung in asthma may use β-arr-dependent signaling. To test this hypothesis, we assessed the effect of various signaling inhibitors on CCL22-induced chemotaxis using in vitro-polarized primary CD4+ Th2 cells from β-arr2-knockout and wild-type mice. Our results show, for the first time, that CCL22-induced, CCR4-mediated Th2 cell chemotaxis is dependent, in part, on a β-arr2-dependent signaling pathway. In addition, we show that this chemotactic signaling mechanism involves activation of P-p38 and Rho-associated protein kinase. These findings point to a proinflammatory role for β-arr2-dependent signaling and support β-arr2 as a novel therapeutic target in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Lin
- Duke University Division of Pulmonary Medicine and
| | - Yeon ho Choi
- Duke University Division of Pulmonary Medicine and
| | - David A. Zidar
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Julia K. L. Walker
- Duke University Division of Pulmonary Medicine and
- Duke University School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; and
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13
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Forkuo GS, Nieman AN, Kodali R, Zahn NM, Li G, Rashid Roni MS, Stephen MR, Harris TW, Jahan R, Guthrie ML, Yu OB, Fisher JL, Yocum GT, Emala CW, Steeber DA, Stafford DC, Cook JM, Arnold LA. A Novel Orally Available Asthma Drug Candidate That Reduces Smooth Muscle Constriction and Inflammation by Targeting GABA A Receptors in the Lung. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:1766-1777. [PMID: 29578347 PMCID: PMC5954213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We describe lead compound MIDD0301 for the oral treatment of asthma based on previously developed positive allosteric α5β3γ2 selective GABAA receptor (GABAAR) ligands. MIDD0301 relaxed airway smooth muscle at single micromolar concentrations as demonstrated with ex vivo guinea pig tracheal rings. MIDD0301 also attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in an ovalbumin murine model of asthma by oral administration. Reduced numbers of eosinophils and macrophages were observed in mouse bronchoalveolar lavage fluid without changing mucous metaplasia. Importantly, lung cytokine expression of IL-17A, IL-4, and TNF-α were reduced for MIDD0301-treated mice without changing antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels. Automated patch clamp confirmed amplification of GABA induced current mediated by α1-3,5β3γ2 GABAARs in the presence of MIDD0301. Pharmacodynamically, transmembrane currents of ex vivo CD4+ T cells from asthmatic mice were potentiated by MIDD0301 in the presence of GABA. The number of CD4+ T cells observed in the lung of MIDD0301-treated mice were reduced by an oral treatment of 20 mg/kg b.i.d. for 5 days. A half-life of almost 14 h was demonstrated by pharmacokinetic studies (PK) with no adverse CNS effects when treated mice were subjected to sensorimotor studies using the rotarod. PK studies also confirmed very low brain distribution. In conclusion, MIDD0301 represents a safe and improved oral asthma drug candidate that relaxes airway smooth muscle and attenuates inflammation in the lung leading to a reduction of AHR at a dosage lower than earlier reported GABAAR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria S. Forkuo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Amanda N. Nieman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Revathi Kodali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Nicolas M. Zahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Guanguan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - M. S. Rashid Roni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Michael Rajesh Stephen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Ted W. Harris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Rajwana Jahan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Margaret L. Guthrie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Olivia B. Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Janet L. Fisher
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Gene T. Yocum
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Charles W. Emala
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Douglas A. Steeber
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Douglas C. Stafford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - James M. Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Leggy A. Arnold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
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14
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Pera T, Deshpande DA, Ippolito M, Wang B, Gavrila A, Michael JV, Nayak AP, Tompkins E, Farrell E, Kroeze WK, Roth BL, Panettieri RA, Benovic JL, An SS, Dulin NO, Penn RB. Biased signaling of the proton-sensing receptor OGR1 by benzodiazepines. FASEB J 2018; 32:862-874. [PMID: 29042451 PMCID: PMC5888400 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700555r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
GPCRs have diverse signaling capabilities, based on their ability to assume various conformations. Moreover, it is now appreciated that certain ligands can promote distinct receptor conformations and thereby bias signaling toward a specific pathway to differentially affect cell function. The recently deorphanized G protein-coupled receptor OGR1 [ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor 1 ( GPR68)] exhibits diverse signaling events when stimulated by reductions in extracellular pH. We recently demonstrated airway smooth muscle cells transduce multiple signaling events, reflecting a diverse capacity to couple to multiple G proteins. Moreover, we recently discovered that the benzodiazepine lorazepam, more commonly recognized as an agonist of the γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor, can function as an allosteric modulator of OGR1 and, similarly, can promote multiple signaling events. In this study, we demonstrated that different benzodiazepines exhibit a range of biases for OGR1, with sulazepam selectively activating the canonical Gs of the G protein signaling pathway, in heterologous expression systems, as well as in several primary cell types. These findings highlight the potential power of biased ligand pharmacology for manipulating receptor signaling qualitatively, to preferentially activate pathways that are therapeutically beneficial.-Pera, T., Deshpande, D. A., Ippolito, M., Wang, B., Gavrila, A., Michael, J. V., Nayak, A. P., Tompkins, E., Farrell, E., Kroeze, W. K., Roth, B. L., Panettieri, R. A. Jr Benovic, J. L., An, S. S., Dulin, N. O., Penn, R. B. Biased signaling of the proton-sensing receptor OGR1 by benzodiazepines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonio Pera
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Deepak A. Deshpande
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Ippolito
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bin Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adelina Gavrila
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James V. Michael
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ajay P. Nayak
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eric Tompkins
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eleni Farrell
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wesley K. Kroeze
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bryan L. Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Reynold A. Panettieri
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Benovic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steven S. An
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; and
| | - Nickolai O. Dulin
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Raymond B. Penn
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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15
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Joshi R, Valdez D, Kim H, Eikenburg DC, Knoll BJ, Bond RA. Effects of β-blockers on house dust mite-driven murine models pre- and post-development of an asthma phenotype. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2017; 46:30-40. [PMID: 28729042 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous studies suggested certain β-adrenoceptor blockers (β-blockers) attenuate the asthma phenotype in ovalbumin driven murine models of asthma. However, the ovalbumin model has been criticized for lack of clinical relevance. METHODS We tested the non-selective β-blockers, carvedilol and nadolol, in house dust mite (HDM) driven murine asthma models where drugs were administered both pre- and post-development of the asthma phenotype. We measured inflammation, mucous metaplasia, and airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR). We also measured the effects of the β-blockers on extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK 1/2) phosphorylation in lung homogenates. RESULTS We show that nadolol, but not carvedilol, attenuated inflammation and mucous metaplasia, and had a moderate effect attenuating AHR. Following HDM exposure, ERK1/2 phosphorylation was elevated, but the level of phosphorylation was unaffected by β-blockers, suggesting ERK1/2 phosphorylation becomes dissociated from the asthma phenotype. CONCLUSION Our findings in HDM models administering drugs both pre- and post-development of the asthma phenotype are consistent with previous results using ovalbumin models and show differential effects for nadolol and carvedilol on the asthma phenotype. Lastly, our data suggest that ERK1/2 phosphorylation may be involved in development of the asthma phenotype, but may have a limited role in maintaining the phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Joshi
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, 3455 Cullen Blvd., Houston, TX 77204-5027, USA.
| | - Daniel Valdez
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, 3455 Cullen Blvd., Houston, TX 77204-5027, USA.
| | - Hosu Kim
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, 3455 Cullen Blvd., Houston, TX 77204-5027, USA.
| | - Douglas C Eikenburg
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, 3455 Cullen Blvd., Houston, TX 77204-5027, USA.
| | - Brian J Knoll
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, 3455 Cullen Blvd., Houston, TX 77204-5027, USA.
| | - Richard A Bond
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, 3455 Cullen Blvd., Houston, TX 77204-5027, USA.
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16
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Forkuo GS, Nieman AN, Yuan NY, Kodali R, Yu OB, Zahn NM, Jahan R, Li G, Stephen MR, Guthrie ML, Poe MM, Hartzler BD, Harris TW, Yocum GT, Emala CW, Steeber DA, Stafford DC, Cook JM, Arnold LA. Alleviation of Multiple Asthmatic Pathologic Features with Orally Available and Subtype Selective GABA A Receptor Modulators. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:2088-2098. [PMID: 28440659 PMCID: PMC5497587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We describe pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of two novel oral drug candidates for asthma. Phenolic α4β3γ2 GABAAR selective compound 1 and acidic α5β3γ2 selective GABAAR positive allosteric modulator compound 2 relaxed airway smooth muscle ex vivo and attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in a murine model of asthma. Importantly, compound 2 relaxed acetylcholine contracted human tracheal airway smooth muscle strips. Oral treatment of compounds 1 and 2 decreased eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in ovalbumin sensitized and challenged mice, thus exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, compound 1 reduced the number of lung CD4+ T lymphocytes and directly modulated their transmembrane currents by acting on GABAARs. Excellent pharmacokinetic properties were observed, including long plasma half-life (up to 15 h), oral availability, and extremely low brain distribution. In conclusion, we report the selective targeting of GABAARs expressed outside the brain and demonstrate reduction of AHR and airway inflammation with two novel orally available GABAAR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria S. Forkuo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Amanda N. Nieman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Nina Y. Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Revathi Kodali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Olivia B. Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Nicolas M. Zahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Rajwana Jahan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Guanguan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Michael Rajesh Stephen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Margaret L. Guthrie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Michael M. Poe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Benjamin D. Hartzler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Ted W. Harris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Gene T. Yocum
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10032
| | - Charles W. Emala
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10032
| | - Douglas A. Steeber
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Douglas C. Stafford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - James M. Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Leggy A. Arnold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
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17
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Newton R, Giembycz MA. Understanding how long-acting β 2 -adrenoceptor agonists enhance the clinical efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma - an update. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:3405-3430. [PMID: 27646470 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In moderate-to-severe asthma, adding an inhaled long-acting β2 -adenoceptor agonist (LABA) to an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) provides better disease control than simply increasing the dose of ICS. Acting on the glucocorticoid receptor (GR, gene NR3C1), ICSs promote anti-inflammatory/anti-asthma gene expression. In vitro, LABAs synergistically enhance the maximal expression of many glucocorticoid-induced genes. Other genes, including dual-specificity phosphatase 1(DUSP1) in human airways smooth muscle (ASM) and epithelial cells, are up-regulated additively by both drug classes. Synergy may also occur for LABA-induced genes, as illustrated by the bronchoprotective gene, regulator of G-protein signalling 2 (RGS2) in ASM. Such effects cannot be produced by either drug alone and may explain the therapeutic efficacy of ICS/LABA combination therapies. While the molecular basis of synergy remains unclear, mechanistic interpretations must accommodate gene-specific regulation. We explore the concept that each glucocorticoid-induced gene is an independent signal transducer optimally activated by a specific, ligand-directed, GR conformation. In addition to explaining partial agonism, this realization provides opportunities to identify novel GR ligands that exhibit gene expression bias. Translating this into improved therapeutic ratios requires consideration of GR density in target tissues and further understanding of gene function. Similarly, the ability of a LABA to interact with a glucocorticoid may be suboptimal due to low β2 -adrenoceptor density or biased β2 -adrenoceptor signalling. Strategies to overcome these limitations include adding-on a phosphodiesterase inhibitor and using agonists of other Gs-coupled receptors. In all cases, the rational design of ICS/LABA, and derivative, combination therapies requires functional knowledge of induced (and repressed) genes for therapeutic benefit to be maximized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Newton
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Airways Inflammation Research Group, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mark A Giembycz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Airways Inflammation Research Group, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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