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Sionov RV, Ahdut-HaCohen R. A Supportive Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Insulin-Producing Langerhans Islets with a Specific Emphasis on The Secretome. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2558. [PMID: 37761001 PMCID: PMC10527322 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by a gradual destruction of insulin-producing β-cells in the endocrine pancreas due to innate and specific immune responses, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. T1D patients usually require regular insulin injections after meals to maintain normal serum glucose levels. In severe cases, pancreas or Langerhans islet transplantation can assist in reaching a sufficient β-mass to normalize glucose homeostasis. The latter procedure is limited because of low donor availability, high islet loss, and immune rejection. There is still a need to develop new technologies to improve islet survival and implantation and to keep the islets functional. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent non-hematopoietic progenitor cells with high plasticity that can support human pancreatic islet function both in vitro and in vivo and islet co-transplantation with MSCs is more effective than islet transplantation alone in attenuating diabetes progression. The beneficial effect of MSCs on islet function is due to a combined effect on angiogenesis, suppression of immune responses, and secretion of growth factors essential for islet survival and function. In this review, various aspects of MSCs related to islet function and diabetes are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Vogt Sionov
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Ronit Ahdut-HaCohen
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel;
- Department of Science, The David Yellin Academic College of Education, Jerusalem 9103501, Israel
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Memetimin H, Zhu B, Lee S, Katz WS, Kern PA, Finlin BS. Improved β-cell function leads to improved glucose tolerance in a transgenic mouse expressing lipoprotein lipase in adipocytes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22291. [PMID: 36566329 PMCID: PMC9789969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26995-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) hydrolyzes the triglyceride core of lipoproteins and also functions as a bridge, allowing for lipoprotein and cholesterol uptake. Transgenic mice expressing LPL in adipose tissue under the control of the adiponectin promoter (AdipoQ-LPL) have improved glucose metabolism when challenged with a high fat diet. Here, we studied the transcriptional response of the adipose tissue of these mice to acute high fat diet exposure. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) provided mechanistic insight into the improved metabolic phenotype of AdipoQ-LPL mice. First, the cholesterol homeostasis pathway, which is controlled by the SREBP2 transcription factor, is repressed in gonadal adipose tissue AdipoQ-LPL mice. Furthermore, we identified SND1 as a link between SREBP2 and CCL19, an inflammatory chemokine that is reduced in AdipoQ-LPL mice. Second, GSEA identified a signature for pancreatic β-cells in adipose tissue of AdipoQ-LPL mice, an unexpected finding. We explored whether β-cell function is improved in AdipoQ-LPL mice and found that the first phase of insulin secretion is increased in mice challenged with high fat diet. In summary, we identify two different mechanisms for the improved metabolic phenotype of AdipoQ-LPL mice. One involves improved adipose tissue function and the other involves adipose tissue-pancreatic β-cell crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasiyet Memetimin
- grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438Division of Endocrinology, and the Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Beibei Zhu
- grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438Division of Endocrinology, and the Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Sangderk Lee
- grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Wendy S. Katz
- grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Philip A. Kern
- grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438Division of Endocrinology, and the Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Brian S. Finlin
- grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438Division of Endocrinology, and the Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
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BILGIN B, GULER M, CICEK H, URFALIOGLU S, KOKUSARI G, MARANGOZOGLU SAHIN B. Searching for Biomarkers in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: Amphiregulin and Progranulin. Medeni Med J 2022; 37:327-331. [PMID: 36578150 PMCID: PMC9808851 DOI: 10.4274/mmj.galenos.2022.10270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Diabetic retinopathy is a common diabetic microvascular problem. Its diagnosis and classification are based on visible changes in clinical fundus examination. However, the discovery of possible vitreous biomarkers in patients with proliferative and nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy may guide both the differentiation and degree of retinopathy. Biomarkers that will be accepted can be also a treatment target. Amphiregulin (AREG) promotes proliferative and regenerative activity and repairs most cell types by binding and activating epidermal growth factor receptors. Progranulin (PGRN) has complex functions in many physiological and pathological processes. Thus, this study aimed to report vitreous AREG and PGRN levels in patients with diabetes and proliferative retinopathy and compare the results with those without diabetes. Methods Thirty-three eyes of 33 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 31 eyes of 31 patients without diabetes were included in this study. Vitreous humor samples were collected from all patients at the time of pars plana vitrectomy surgery immediately before the surgical procedure. Vitreous AREG and PGRN values were determined by the ELISA method. Results The mean AREG and PGRN values were similar in the groups (p=0.427, p=0.459, respectively). Conclusions The results demonstrated that vitreous AREG and PGRN levels have no significant relationship with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak BILGIN
- Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Mete GULER
- Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Hulya CICEK
- Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Gaziantep, Turkey,* Address for Correspondence: Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Gaziantep, Turkey E-mail:
| | - Selma URFALIOGLU
- Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Gokhan KOKUSARI
- Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Bedia MARANGOZOGLU SAHIN
- Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
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Lucas LM, Dwivedi V, Senfeld JI, Cullum RL, Mill CP, Piazza JT, Bryant IN, Cook LJ, Miller ST, Lott JH, Kelley CM, Knerr EL, Markham JA, Kaufmann DP, Jacobi MA, Shen J, Riese DJ. The Yin and Yang of ERBB4: Tumor Suppressor and Oncoprotein. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:18-47. [PMID: 34987087 PMCID: PMC11060329 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ERBB4 (HER4) is a member of the ERBB family of receptor tyrosine kinases, a family that includes the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ERBB1/HER1), ERBB2 (Neu/HER2), and ERBB3 (HER3). EGFR and ERBB2 are oncoproteins and validated targets for therapeutic intervention in a variety of solid tumors. In contrast, the role that ERBB4 plays in human malignancies is ambiguous. Thus, here we review the literature regarding ERBB4 function in human malignancies. We review the mechanisms of ERBB4 signaling with an emphasis on mechanisms of signaling specificity. In the context of this signaling specificity, we discuss the hypothesis that ERBB4 appears to function as a tumor suppressor protein and as an oncoprotein. Next, we review the literature that describes the role of ERBB4 in tumors of the bladder, liver, prostate, brain, colon, stomach, lung, bone, ovary, thyroid, hematopoietic tissues, pancreas, breast, skin, head, and neck. Whenever possible, we discuss the possibility that ERBB4 mutants function as biomarkers in these tumors. Finally, we discuss the potential roles of ERBB4 mutants in the staging of human tumors and how ERBB4 function may dictate the treatment of human tumors. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This articles reviews ERBB4 function in the context of the mechanistic model that ERBB4 homodimers function as tumor suppressors, whereas ERBB4-EGFR or ERBB4-ERBB2 heterodimers act as oncogenes. Thus, this review serves as a mechanistic framework for clinicians and scientists to consider the role of ERBB4 and ERBB4 mutants in staging and treating human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Lucas
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Vipasha Dwivedi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Jared I Senfeld
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Richard L Cullum
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Christopher P Mill
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - J Tyler Piazza
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Ianthe N Bryant
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Laura J Cook
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - S Tyler Miller
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - James H Lott
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Connor M Kelley
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Elizabeth L Knerr
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Jessica A Markham
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - David P Kaufmann
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Megan A Jacobi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - David J Riese
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
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Huang H, Bader TN, Jin S. Signaling Molecules Regulating Pancreatic Endocrine Development from Pluripotent Stem Cell Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5867. [PMID: 32824212 PMCID: PMC7461594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death globally. Currently, the donor pancreas is the only source of human islets, placing extreme constraints on supply. Hence, it is imperative to develop renewable islets for diabetes research and treatment. To date, extensive efforts have been made to derive insulin-secreting cells from human pluripotent stem cells with substantial success. However, the in vitro generation of functional islet organoids remains a challenge due in part to our poor understanding of the signaling molecules indispensable for controlling differentiation pathways towards the self-assembly of functional islets from stem cells. Since this process relies on a variety of signaling molecules to guide the differentiation pathways, as well as the culture microenvironments that mimic in vivo physiological conditions, this review highlights extracellular matrix proteins, growth factors, signaling molecules, and microenvironments facilitating the generation of biologically functional pancreatic endocrine cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Signaling pathways involved in stepwise differentiation that guide the progression of stem cells into the endocrine lineage are also discussed. The development of protocols enabling the generation of islet organoids with hormone release capacities equivalent to native adult islets for clinical applications, disease modeling, and diabetes research are anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (H.H.); (T.N.B.)
| | - Taylor N. Bader
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (H.H.); (T.N.B.)
| | - Sha Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (H.H.); (T.N.B.)
- Center of Biomanufacturing for Regenerative Medicine, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
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Functional β-Cell Differentiation of Small-Tail Han Sheep Pancreatic Mesenchymal Stem Cells and the Therapeutic Potential in Type 1 Diabetic Mice. Pancreas 2020; 49:947-954. [PMID: 32658079 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the characteristics of sheep pancreatic mesenchymal stem cells (PSCs) and therapeutic potential of differentiated β-like cells in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. METHODS Pancreatic mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from 3- to 4-month-old sheep embryos, and their biological characteristics were explored. The function and therapeutic potential of differentiated β-like insulin-producing cells were also investigated in vitro and in vivo. Differentiated cells were identified through dithizone staining and immunofluorescence staining. Insulin secretion was analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The preliminary therapeutic potential of induced β-like cells in diabetic mice was detected by blood glucose and body weight. RESULTS Primary PSCs were isolated and subcultured up to passage 36. Immunofluorescence staining presented PSC-expressed important markers such as Pdx1, Nkx6-1, Ngn3, and Nestin. Primary PSCs could be induced into functional pancreatic β-like islet cells with a 3-step protocol. The induced β-like islet cells could ameliorate blood glucose in diabetic mice. CONCLUSIONS The method proposed for generating pancreatic islet β cells provided a preliminary phenotypic investigation of induced cell treatment in diabetic mice, and also laid a foundation in the identification of pharmaceutical targets to treat insulin-dependent diabetes.
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Hedegger K, Algül H, Lesina M, Blutke A, Schmid RM, Schneider MR, Dahlhoff M. Unraveling ERBB network dynamics upon betacellulin signaling in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in mice. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:1653-1669. [PMID: 32335999 PMCID: PMC7400790 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) will soon belong to the top three cancer killers. The only approved specific PDAC therapy targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Although EGFR is a crucial player in PDAC development, EGFR-based therapy is disappointing. In this study, we evaluated the role of the EGFR ligand betacellulin (BTC) in PDAC. The expression of BTC was investigated in human pancreatic cancer specimen. Then, we generated a BTC knockout mouse model by CRISPR/Cas9 technology and a BTC overexpression model. Both models were crossed with the Ptf1aCre/+ ;KRASG12D/+ (KC) mouse model (B-/- KC or BKC, respectively). In addition, EGFR, ERBB2, and ERBB4 were investigated by the pancreas-specific deletion of each receptor using the Cre-loxP system. Tumor initiation and progression were analyzed in all mouse lines, and the underlying molecular biology of PDAC was investigated at different time points. BTC is expressed in human and murine PDAC. B-/- KC mice showed a decelerated PDAC progression, associated with decreased EGFR activation. BKC mice developed severe PDAC with a poor survival rate. The dramatically increased BTC-mediated tumor burden was EGFR-dependent, but also ERBB4 and ERBB2 were involved in PDAC development or progression, as depletion of EGFR, ERBB2, or ERBB4 significantly improved the survival rate of BTC-mediated PDAC. BTC increases PDAC tumor burden dramatically by enhanced RAS activation. EGFR signaling, ERBB2 signaling, and ERBB4 signaling are involved in accelerated PDAC development mediated by BTC indicating that targeting the whole ERBB family, instead of a single receptor, is a promising strategy for the development of future PDAC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Hedegger
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and BiotechnologyGene Center of the LMU MunichGermany
| | - Hana Algül
- Second Department of Internal MedicineKlinikum rechts der IsarTechnical University of MunichGermany
| | - Marina Lesina
- Second Department of Internal MedicineKlinikum rechts der IsarTechnical University of MunichGermany
| | - Andreas Blutke
- Research Unit Analytical PathologyHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
| | - Roland M. Schmid
- Second Department of Internal MedicineKlinikum rechts der IsarTechnical University of MunichGermany
| | - Marlon R. Schneider
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and BiotechnologyGene Center of the LMU MunichGermany
| | - Maik Dahlhoff
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and BiotechnologyGene Center of the LMU MunichGermany
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8
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Elgamal DA, Abou-Elghait AT, Ali AY, Ali M, Bakr MH. Ultrastructure characterization of pancreatic β-cells is accompanied by modulatory effects of the HDAC inhibitor sodium butyrate on the PI3/AKT insulin signaling pathway in juvenile diabetic rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 503:110700. [PMID: 31904405 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Genetic and epigenetic factors contribute equally to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Sodium butyrate (NaB) has been reported to improve glucose homeostasis by modulation of the p38/ERK MAPK pathway. This work aims to evaluate the effect of NaB on the ultrastructure of pancreatic β-cells and the PI3/AKT pathway. Juvenile albino male rats were used to establish a type 1 diabetes model using streptozotocin injection and NaB in a pre- and post-treatment schedule. Plasma glucose, insulin levels, and glucose tolerance were evaluated. Light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry were performed using Ki-67, caspase-3, and insulin. NaB treatment resulted in a significant improvement in plasma glucose levels, plasma insulin levels/expression, and ameliorated diabetes-induced histological alternations. Additionally, it increased the expression of phosphorylated AKT. These findings provide evidence that NaB may be useful in the treatment of juvenile diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia A Elgamal
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology and Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Amal T Abou-Elghait
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology and Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa Y Ali
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology and Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Maha Ali
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Marwa H Bakr
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology and Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
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9
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Rahimi M, Sajadimajd S, Mahdian Z, Hemmati M, Malekkhatabi P, Bahrami G, Mohammadi B, Miraghaee S, Hatami R, Mansouri K, Moahammadi Motlagh HR, Keshavarzi S, Derakhshankhah H. Characterization and anti-diabetic effects of the oligosaccharide fraction isolated from Rosa canina in STZ-Induced diabetic rats. Carbohydr Res 2020; 489:107927. [PMID: 32062396 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.107927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. There has been a surge of research studies aiming to use natural products in the management of diabetes. The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize the structure and anti-diabetic mechanisms of the main ingredient from Rosa canina. The oligosaccharide was isolated from Rosa canina fruits and characterized by a combination of FTIR, NMR and Mass spectrometry. Wistar rats were divided into negative control, diabetic (type 2), isolated oligosaccharide (IO)-treated diabetic and positive diabetic controls. Oral glucose tolerance, gluconeogenesis and α-glucosidase inhibitory tests as well as immunohistochemistry and quantitative real time-PCR were performed to elucidate the molecular anti-diabetic mechanisms of IO. Structural analyses confirmed the oligosaccharide structure of isolated fraction. Gluconeogenesis and α-glucosidase activity were inhibited by IO in diabetic rats. The oral glucose tolerance test was improved significantly in the group treated with the IO (P < 0.05). Pancreatic β-cells and tissue pathological examination showed a significant improvement after the treatment period. In addition, the expression of Ngn3, Nkx6.1 and insulin increased in oligosaccharide-treated compared to untreated diabetic rats. Owing to the verified anti-diabetic effects and regenerative potential, isolated oligosaccharide could be considered as the promising drug in the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrali Rahimi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Mahdian
- School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Marayam Hemmati
- School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Peyman Malekkhatabi
- School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Bahrami
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Bahareh Mohammadi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shahram Miraghaee
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Razieh Hatami
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Moahammadi Motlagh
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Samira Keshavarzi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hossein Derakhshankhah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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10
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Dirice E, De Jesus DF, Kahraman S, Basile G, Ng RW, El Ouaamari A, Teo AKK, Bhatt S, Hu J, Kulkarni RN. Human duct cells contribute to β cell compensation in insulin resistance. JCI Insight 2019; 4:99576. [PMID: 30996131 PMCID: PMC6538348 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.99576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of new sources of β cells is an important endeavor with therapeutic implications for diabetes. Insulin resistance, in physiological states such as pregnancy or in pathological states such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), is characterized by a compensatory increase in β cell mass. To explore the existence of a dynamic β cell reserve, we superimposed pregnancy on the liver-specific insulin receptor-KO (LIRKO) model of insulin resistance that already exhibits β cell hyperplasia and used lineage tracing to track the source of new β cells. Although both control and LIRKO mice displayed increased β cell mass in response to the relative insulin resistance of pregnancy, the further increase in mass in the latter supported a dynamic source that could be traced to pancreatic ducts. Two observations support the translational significance of these findings. First, NOD/SCID-γ LIRKO mice that became pregnant following cotransplantation of human islets and human ducts under the kidney capsule showed enhanced β cell proliferation and an increase in ductal cells positive for transcription factors expressed during β cell development. Second, we identified duct cells positive for immature β cell markers in pancreas sections from pregnant humans and in individuals with T2D. Taken together, during increased insulin demand, ductal cells contribute to the compensatory β cell pool by differentiation/neogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercument Dirice
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. USA
| | - Dario F. De Jesus
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. USA
- Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sevim Kahraman
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. USA
| | - Giorgio Basile
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. USA
| | - Raymond W.S. Ng
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. USA
| | - Abdelfattah El Ouaamari
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. USA
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. USA
| | - Shweta Bhatt
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. USA
| | - Jiang Hu
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. USA
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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11
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Karatug Kacar A, Gezginci-Oktayoglu S, Bolkent S. 4-Methylcatechol stimulates apoptosis and reduces insulin secretion by decreasing betacellulin and inhibin beta-A in INS-1 beta-cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 37:1123-1130. [PMID: 29473434 DOI: 10.1177/0960327118758365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Insulinoma INS-1 cell line is a pancreatic beta cell tumor which is characterized with high insulin content and secretion in response to increasing glucose levels. 4-Methylcatechol (4-MC) is a metabolite of quercetin, which is known as a potential drug for inhibition of tumorigenesis. The aim of this study was to determine the applying doses of 4-methylcatechol (4-MC) for triggening cell death and decreasing the cell function of rat insulinoma INS-1 beta cells. The rate of apoptosis and the amount of insulin in the cell and the secretions were determined by the ELISA method. Betacellulin (BTC) and inhibin beta-A amounts in both the cell and the glucose induced secretion were investigated by Western blotting. Furthermore, BTC, Inhibin beta-A, Ins1, Ins2, and GLUT2 gene expression levels were determined by the by the real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) method. We noted a significant decrease in cell viability, while an increase in apoptotic cell death by 4-MC treatment. It caused a decrease in the secretion of BTC, expressions of both BTC and inhibin beta-A. We showed a decrease in the expressions of Ins1 and GLUT2, while there is no alteration in the level of insulin protein. Insulin secretion levels increased in INS-1 cells given 4-MC by basal glucose concentration while they did not response to high concentration of glucose, which indicates that 4-MC disrupts the functionality of INS-1 cells. These results revealed that 4-MC induces apoptosis and decreases insulin secretion by reducing BTC and inhibin beta-A in insulinoma INS-1 cells. Thus, 4-MC may be offered as a potential molecule for treatment of insulinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Karatug Kacar
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Gezginci-Oktayoglu
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Bolkent
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Therapeutic activity of plant-derived alkaloid conophylline on metabolic syndrome and neurodegenerative disease models. Hum Cell 2017; 31:95-101. [PMID: 29249016 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-017-0196-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing metabolic syndromes including type-2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and steatohepatitis are serious problems in most countries in the world. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases are increasing in many countries. However, therapy for these diseases is not sufficient yet. Thus, effective chemotherapy for these diseases is being expected. Conophylline is an alkaloid isolated from the leaves of Ervatamia microphylla and related plants. It was found to induce beta-cell differentiation in the precursor pancreatic cells. Oral administration of this compound ameliorated type-2 diabetes mellitus model in mice and rats. Later, fibrosis of the pancreatic islets was found to be greatly reduced by conophylline in the pancreatic islets. It also inhibited chemically induced liver cirrhosis. Further study indicated that conophylline inhibited non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in the model mice. On the one hand, loss of autophagy often causes protein aggregation to give neural cell death. Conophylline was found to activate autophagy in cultured neural cells. Activation of autophagy ameliorated cellular models of Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases. Thus, conophylline is likely to be useful for the development of chemotherapy for metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases.
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13
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Gezginci-Oktayoglu S, Onay-Ucar E, Sancar-Bas S, Karatug-Kacar A, Arda ESN, Bolkent S. Involvement of dying beta cell originated messenger molecules in differentiation of pancreatic mesenchymal stem cells under glucotoxic and glucolipotoxic conditions. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:4235-4244. [PMID: 29058819 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Beta cell mass regulation represents a critical issue for understanding and treatment of diabetes. The most important process in the development of diabetes is beta cell death, generally induced by glucotoxicity or glucolipotoxicity, and the regeneration mechanism of new beta cells that will replace dead beta cells is still not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the generation mechanism of new beta cells by considering the compensation phase of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this study, pancreatic islet derived mesenchymal stem cells (PI-MSCs) were isolated from adult rats and characterized. Then, beta cells isolated from rats were co-cultured with PI-MSCs and they were exposed to glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity and glucolipotoxicity conditions for 72 hr. As the results apoptotic and necrotic cell death were increased in both PI-MSCs and beta cells especially by the exposure of glucotoxic and glucolipotoxic conditions to the co-culture systems. Glucotoxicity induced-differentiated beta cells were functional due to their capability of insulin secretion in response to rising glucose concentrations. Moreover, beta cell proliferation was induced in the glucotoxicity-treated co-culture system whereas suppressed in lipotoxicity or glucolipotoxicity-treated co-culture systems. In addition, 11 novel proteins, that may release from dead beta cells and have the ability to stimulate PI-MSCs in the direction of differentiation, were determined in media of glucotoxicity or glucolipotoxicity-treated co-culture systems. In conclusion, these molecules were considered as important for understanding cellular mechanism of beta cell differentiation and diabetes. Thus, they may be potential targets for diagnosis and cellular or therapeutic treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selda Gezginci-Oktayoglu
- Molecular Biology Section, Department of Biology, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Evren Onay-Ucar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Sancar-Bas
- Molecular Biology Section, Department of Biology, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Karatug-Kacar
- Molecular Biology Section, Department of Biology, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine S N Arda
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sehnaz Bolkent
- Molecular Biology Section, Department of Biology, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
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14
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Zhang D, Shen B, Zhang Y, Ni N, Wang Y, Fan X, Sun H, Gu P. Betacellulin regulates the proliferation and differentiation of retinal progenitor cells in vitro. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:330-345. [PMID: 28922560 PMCID: PMC5742713 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) hold great potential for the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases. However, their proliferation capacity and differentiation potential towards specific retinal neurons are limited, which limit their future clinical applications. Thus, it is important to improve the RPCs’ ability to proliferate and differentiate. Currently, epidermal growth factor (EGF) is commonly used to stimulate RPC growth in vitro. In this study, we find that betacellulin (BTC), a member of the EGF family, plays important roles in the proliferation and differentiation of RPCs. Our results showed that BTC can significantly promote the proliferation of RPCs more efficiently than EGF. EGF stimulated RPC proliferation through the EGFR/ErbB2‐Erk pathway, while BTC stimulated RPC proliferation more powerfully through the EGFR/ErbB2/ErbB4‐Akt/Erk pathway. Meanwhile, under differentiated conditions, the BTC‐pre‐treated RPCs were preferentially differentiated into retinal neurons, including photoreceptors, one of the most important types of cells for retinal cell replacement therapy, compared to the EGF‐pre‐treated RPCs. In addition, knockdown of endogenous BTC expression can also obviously promote RPC differentiation into retinal neuronal cells. This data demonstrate that BTC plays important roles in promoting RPC proliferation and differentiation into retinal neurons. This study may provide new insights into the study of RPC proliferation and differentiation and make a step towards the application of RPCs in the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingqiao Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ni Ni
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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15
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Tsuchiya M, Tsuchiya K, Ohgawara H. Molecular Cloning of the Porcine Insulin cDNA Using a Monolayer Culture of Pancreatic Endocrine Cells. Cell Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.3727/000000001783986611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine pancreatic endocrine cells are an attractive candidate for islet cell transplantation in view of the immunological properties and structural similarities of porcine insulin to human insulin. We recently established a method of isolation and a primary monolayer culture of porcine pancreatic endocrine cells. In this study, cloning of the porcine insulin cDNA was performed to clarify the genetic background of the purified isolated cells. A homology-based PCR cloning method was employed to determine the sequence using mRNA extracted from the monolayer-forming cells, and the candidate products were then determined by a homology search on the human insulin cDNA. According to the newly identified sequence, rapid amplification of cDNA ends was applied to the 5′ and 3′ ends, and the entire cDNA sequence was determined. Gene and protein expression was confirmed by Northern blotting, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme assay. To examine the transcriptional level, the cultured cells were incubated in a 20 mM D-glucose medium in the presence or absence of 5 μM forskolin. The porcine insulin cDNA exhibited a high homology to the human cDNA and showed 85% matching with the human amino acid sequence. D-Glucose at 20 mM stimulated the insulin secretion and mRNA expression, and further addition of 5 μM forskolin with the glucose was applied as the strongest stimulus in this culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Tsuchiya
- Institute of Geriatrics, Aoyama Hospital, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Tsuchiya
- Department of Medicine IV, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisako Ohgawara
- Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Al-Khawaga S, Memon B, Butler AE, Taheri S, Abou-Samra AB, Abdelalim EM. Pathways governing development of stem cell-derived pancreatic β cells: lessons from embryogenesis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Al-Khawaga
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute; Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Education City; Doha Qatar
| | - Bushra Memon
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute; Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Education City; Doha Qatar
| | - Alexandra E. Butler
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine; University of California; Los Angeles CA 90095 U.S.A
| | - Shahrad Taheri
- Department of Medicine; Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, PO BOX 24144; Doha Qatar
- Department of Medicine; Qatar Metabolic Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation; Doha Qatar
| | - Abdul B. Abou-Samra
- Department of Medicine; Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, PO BOX 24144; Doha Qatar
- Department of Medicine; Qatar Metabolic Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation; Doha Qatar
| | - Essam M. Abdelalim
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute; Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Education City; Doha Qatar
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17
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Yamada S, Terada K, Ueno Y, Sugiyama T, Seno M, Kojima I. Differentiation of Adult Hepatic Stem-Like Cells into Pancreatic Endocrine Cells. Cell Transplant 2017; 14:647-53. [PMID: 16405075 DOI: 10.3727/000000005783982738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To apply cell transplantation for treatment of diabetes mellitus, a sufficient number of β-cell sources are required. In the present study, we examined whether an epithelial cell line obtained from normal adult rat liver, namely hepatic stem-like (HSL) cells, which can be converted to both hepatocytes and billiary epithelial cells, could be a potential β-cell source. The growth speed of HSL cells was rapid and these cells were easily expanded in vitro. Bipotential hepatic stem cells, HSL cells, also expressed PGP9.5, which is expressed in neurons, β-cells, and progenitor cells of the pancreatic endocrine cells as well. Sodium butyrate induced morphological changes in HSL cells and converted them into flattened cells with large cytoplasm. When HSL cells were incubated with a combination of 5 mM sodium butyrate and 1 nM betacellulin, most of the cells were converted into morphologically neuron-like cells. RT-PCR analysis revealed that a series of transcriptional factors involved in differentiation of pancreatic endocrine cells was induced by the treatment with sodium butyrate and betacellulin. mRNAs for insulin, pancreatic polypeptide, and somatostatin were also observed. Immunoreactive pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin, and insulin were detected in sodium butyrate and betacellulin-treated HSL cells. In conclusion, HSL cells obtained from adult normal liver also have the potential to differentiate into pancreatic endocrine cells in vitro. HSL cells may be one of the potential β-cell sources for cell transplant therapy for insulin-dependent diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Yamada
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
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18
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Nakade Y, Sakamoto K, Yamauchi T, Inoue T, Kobayashi Y, Yamamoto T, Ishii N, Ohashi T, Sumida Y, Ito K, Nakao H, Fukuzawa Y, Umezawa K, Yoneda M. Conophylline inhibits non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178436. [PMID: 28594915 PMCID: PMC5464552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Conophylline (CnP), a vinca alkaloid extracted from the leaves of the tropical plant Ervatamia microphylla, attenuates hepatic fibrosis in mice. However, little is known about whether CnP inhibits steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in mice. A methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet was administered to male db/db mice as a NASH model, and CnP (1 μg/kg/d) was co-administered. Eight weeks after the commencement of the MCD diet, hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, and hepatic fat metabolism-, inflammation-, and fibrosis-related markers were examined. Feeding on an MCD for 8 weeks induced hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. CnP significantly attenuated the MCD-induced increases in hepatic steatosis, as well as hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. The MCD diet increased hepatic transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) mRNA levels, which are correlated with hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. The diet also attenuated acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) mRNA levels, which are involved in β-oxidation. The putative mechanism of the CnP effect involves reduced hepatic TGF-β mRNA levels, and increased mRNA levels of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α and its target genes ACOX1 and CPT1. The results of this study indicate that CnP inhibits steatohepatitis, possibly through the inhibition of hepatic TGF-β mRNA levels, and induces an increase in PPARα mRNA levels, resulting in the attenuation of hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in mice. CnP might accordingly be a suitable therapeutic option for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiomi Nakade
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kazumasa Sakamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taeko Yamauchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tadahisa Inoue
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuji Kobayashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takaya Yamamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Ishii
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ohashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshio Sumida
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kiyoaki Ito
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Nakao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Fukuzawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuo Umezawa
- Department of Molecular Target Medicine Screening, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masashi Yoneda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
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Kim HS, Lee MK. β-Cell regeneration through the transdifferentiation of pancreatic cells: Pancreatic progenitor cells in the pancreas. J Diabetes Investig 2016; 7:286-96. [PMID: 27330712 PMCID: PMC4847880 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic progenitor cell research has been in the spotlight, as these cells have the potential to replace pancreatic β‐cells for the treatment of type 1 and 2 diabetic patients with the absence or reduction of pancreatic β‐cells. During the past few decades, the successful treatment of diabetes through transplantation of the whole pancreas or isolated islets has nearly been achieved. However, novel sources of pancreatic islets or insulin‐producing cells are required to provide sufficient amounts of donor tissues. To overcome this limitation, the use of pancreatic progenitor cells is gaining more attention. In particular, pancreatic exocrine cells, such as duct epithelial cells and acinar cells, are attractive candidates for β‐cell regeneration because of their differentiation potential and pancreatic lineage characteristics. It has been assumed that β‐cell neogenesis from pancreatic progenitor cells could occur in pancreatic ducts in the postnatal stage. Several studies have shown that insulin‐producing cells can arise in the duct tissue of the adult pancreas. Acinar cells also might have the potential to differentiate into insulin‐producing cells. The present review summarizes recent progress in research on the transdifferentiation of pancreatic exocrine cells into insulin‐producing cells, especially duct and acinar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Sup Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Medicine Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Samsung Biomedical Research Institute Samsung Medical Center Seoul Korea
| | - Moon-Kyu Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Medicine Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Samsung Biomedical Research Institute Samsung Medical Center Seoul Korea
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Teichenne J, Morró M, Casellas A, Jimenez V, Tellez N, Leger A, Bosch F, Ayuso E. Identification of miRNAs Involved in Reprogramming Acinar Cells into Insulin Producing Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145116. [PMID: 26690959 PMCID: PMC4686894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming acinar cells into insulin producing cells using adenoviral (Ad)-mediated delivery of Pdx1, Ngn3 and MafA (PNM) is an innovative approach for the treatment of diabetes. Here, we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in this process and in particular, the role of microRNAs. To this end, we performed a comparative study of acinar-to-β cell reprogramming efficiency in the rat acinar cell line AR42J and its subclone B13 after transduction with Ad-PNM. B13 cells were more efficiently reprogrammed than AR42J cells, which was demonstrated by a strong activation of β cell markers (Ins1, Ins2, IAPP, NeuroD1 and Pax4). miRNome panels were used to analyze differentially expressed miRNAs in acinar cells under four experimental conditions (i) non-transduced AR42J cells, (ii) non-transduced B13 cells, (iii) B13 cells transduced with Ad-GFP vectors and (iv) B13 cells transduced with Ad-PNM vectors. A total of 59 miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed between non-transduced AR42J and B13 cells. Specifically, the miR-200 family was completely repressed in B13 cells, suggesting that these cells exist in a less differentiated state than AR42J cells and as a consequence they present a greater plasticity. Adenoviral transduction per se induced dedifferentiation of acinar cells and 11 miRNAs were putatively involved in this process, whereas 8 miRNAs were found to be associated with PNM expression. Of note, Ad-PNM reprogrammed B13 cells presented the same levels of miR-137-3p, miR-135a-5p, miR-204-5p and miR-210-3p of those detected in islets, highlighting their role in the process. In conclusion, this study led to the identification of miRNAs that might be of compelling importance to improve acinar-to-β cell conversion for the future treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Teichenne
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Meritxell Morró
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Casellas
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Veronica Jimenez
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Tellez
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrien Leger
- Laboratoire de Thérapie Génique, INSERM UMR1089, University of Nantes and Atlantic Gene Therapies, Nantes, France
| | - Fatima Bosch
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduard Ayuso
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Laboratoire de Thérapie Génique, INSERM UMR1089, University of Nantes and Atlantic Gene Therapies, Nantes, France
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) neutralization on synthesis and secretion of activin A (Act-A) and betacellulin (BTC) from primary β cells and the importance of these relations for β-cell proliferation. METHODS β Cells were isolated from euglycemic and streptozotocin-induced (75 mg/kg) hyperglycemic rats and treated with NGF neutralization antibody. The gene expression levels of Act-A and BTC in the primary β cells were evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The cellular and secreted levels of Act-A and BTC proteins were estimated using Western blot analysis. RESULTS Nerve growth factor neutralization (1) reduced β-cell proliferation, (2) decreased Act-A at gene expression and protein levels while increasing its secretion from β cells, and (3) increased BTC at gene expression level while mildly decreasing its cellular protein level and secretion from β cells. Nerve growth factor neutralization specifically affected β cells of hyperglycemic rats. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that NGF is an important regulator for the synthesis and secretion of Act-A and BTC from the β cells. Moreover, the results suggested that β-cell proliferation decreased through NGF neutralization is possibly related to decreased BTC and increased Act-A secretion from β cells of hyperglycemic rats.
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Santosa MM, Low BSJ, Pek NMQ, Teo AKK. Knowledge Gaps in Rodent Pancreas Biology: Taking Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Pancreatic Beta Cells into Our Own Hands. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:194. [PMID: 26834702 PMCID: PMC4712272 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of stem cell biology and diabetes, we and others seek to derive mature and functional human pancreatic β cells for disease modeling and cell replacement therapy. Traditionally, knowledge gathered from rodents is extended to human pancreas developmental biology research involving human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). While much has been learnt from rodent pancreas biology in the early steps toward Pdx1(+) pancreatic progenitors, much less is known about the transition toward Ngn3(+) pancreatic endocrine progenitors. Essentially, the later steps of pancreatic β cell development and maturation remain elusive to date. As a result, the most recent advances in the stem cell and diabetes field have relied upon combinatorial testing of numerous growth factors and chemical compounds in an arbitrary trial-and-error fashion to derive mature and functional human pancreatic β cells from hPSCs. Although this hit-or-miss approach appears to have made some headway in maturing human pancreatic β cells in vitro, its underlying biology is vaguely understood. Therefore, in this mini-review, we discuss some of these late-stage signaling pathways that are involved in human pancreatic β cell differentiation and highlight our current understanding of their relevance in rodent pancreas biology. Our efforts here unravel several novel signaling pathways that can be further studied to shed light on unexplored aspects of rodent pancreas biology. New investigations into these signaling pathways are expected to advance our knowledge in human pancreas developmental biology and to aid in the translation of stem cell biology in the context of diabetes treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munirah Mohamad Santosa
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Discovery Research Division, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Blaise Su Jun Low
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Discovery Research Division, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore
| | - Nicole Min Qian Pek
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Discovery Research Division, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Discovery Research Division, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Adrian Kee Keong Teo, ,
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Kumar SS, Alarfaj AA, Munusamy MA, Singh AJAR, Peng IC, Priya SP, Hamat RA, Higuchi A. Recent developments in β-cell differentiation of pluripotent stem cells induced by small and large molecules. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:23418-47. [PMID: 25526563 PMCID: PMC4284775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151223418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells, including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), hold promise as novel therapeutic tools for diabetes treatment because of their self-renewal capacity and ability to differentiate into beta (β)-cells. Small and large molecules play important roles in each stage of β-cell differentiation from both hESCs and hiPSCs. The small and large molecules that are described in this review have significantly advanced efforts to cure diabetic disease. Lately, effective protocols have been implemented to induce hESCs and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to differentiate into functional β-cells. Several small molecules, proteins, and growth factors promote pancreatic differentiation from hESCs and hMSCs. These small molecules (e.g., cyclopamine, wortmannin, retinoic acid, and sodium butyrate) and large molecules (e.g. activin A, betacellulin, bone morphogentic protein (BMP4), epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), noggin, transforming growth factor (TGF-α), and WNT3A) are thought to contribute from the initial stages of definitive endoderm formation to the final stages of maturation of functional endocrine cells. We discuss the importance of such small and large molecules in uniquely optimized protocols of β-cell differentiation from stem cells. A global understanding of various small and large molecules and their functions will help to establish an efficient protocol for β-cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Suresh Kumar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universities Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Abdullah A Alarfaj
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Murugan A Munusamy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - A J A Ranjith Singh
- Department of Bioscience, Jacintha Peter College of Arts and Sciences, Ayakudi, Tenkasi, Tamilnadu 627852, India.
| | - I-Chia Peng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda RD., Jhongli, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Sivan Padma Priya
- Department of Basic Science and Department of Surgical Sciences, Ajman University of Science and Technology-Fujairah Campus, P.O. Box 9520, Al Fujairah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Rukman Awang Hamat
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universities Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Akon Higuchi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Lu J, Jaafer R, Bonnavion R, Bertolino P, Zhang CX. Transdifferentiation of pancreatic α-cells into insulin-secreting cells: From experimental models to underlying mechanisms. World J Diabetes 2014; 5:847-853. [PMID: 25512786 PMCID: PMC4265870 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i6.847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic insulin-secreting β-cells are essential regulators of glucose metabolism. New strategies are currently being investigated to create insulin-producing β cells to replace deficient β cells, including the differentiation of either stem or progenitor cells, and the newly uncovered transdifferentiation of mature non-β islet cell types. However, in order to correctly drive any cell to adopt a new β-cell fate, a better understanding of the in vivo mechanisms involved in the plasticity and biology of islet cells is urgently required. Here, we review the recent studies reporting the phenomenon of transdifferentiation of α cells into β cells by focusing on the major candidates and contexts revealed to be involved in adult β-cell regeneration through this process. The possible underlying mechanisms of transdifferentiation and the interactions between several key factors involved in the process are also addressed. We propose that it is of importance to further study the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying α- to β-cell transdifferentiation, in order to make β-cell regeneration from α cells a relevant and realizable strategy for developing cell-replacement therapy.
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Kubo N, Saito R, Hamano K, Nagasawa M, Aoki F, Takei I, Umezawa K, Kuwano H, Kojima I. Conophylline suppresses hepatic stellate cells and attenuates thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Liver Int 2014; 34:1057-67. [PMID: 24119135 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Conophylline (CnP) is a vinca alkaloid purified from a tropical plant and inhibits activation of pancreatic stellate cells. We investigated the effect of CnP on hepatic stellate cells (HSC) in vitro. We also examined whether CnP attenuates hepatic fibrosis in vivo. METHOD We examined the effect of CnP on the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen-1, DNA synthesis and apoptosis in rat HSC and Lx-2 cells. We also examined the effect of CnP on hepatic fibrosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA). RESULTS In rat HSC and Lx-2 cells, CnP reduced the expression of α-SMA and collagen-1. CnP inhibited DNA synthesis induced by serum. CnP also promoted activation of caspase-3 and induced apoptosis as assessed by DNA ladder formation and TUNEL assay. In contrast, CnP did not induce apoptosis in AML12 cells. We then examined the effect of CnP on TAA-induced cirrhosis. In TAA-treated rats, the surface of the liver was irregular and multiple nodules were observed. Histologically, formation of pseudolobules surrounded by massive fibrous tissues was observed. When CnP was administered together with TAA, the surface of the liver was smooth and liver fibrosis was markedly inhibited. Collagen content was significantly reduced in CnP-treated liver. CONCLUSION Conophylline suppresses HSC and induces apoptosis in vitro. CnP also attenuates formation of the liver fibrosis induced by TAA in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Kubo
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan; Department of General Surgical Science (Surgery I), Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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Walter J, Harder O, Faendrich F, Schulze M. Generation of monocyte-derived insulin-producing cells from non-human primates according to an optimized protocol for the generation of PCMO-derived insulin-producing cells. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2014; 6:93-9. [PMID: 24932602 PMCID: PMC4141582 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.1284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The vision of potential autologous cell therapy for the cure of diabetes encourages ongoing research. According to a previously published protocol for the generation of insulin-producing cells from human monocytes, we analyzed whether the addition of growth factors could increase insulin production. This protocol was then transferred to a non-human primate model by using either blood- or spleen-derived monocytes. METHODS Human monocytes were treated to dedifferentiate into programmable cells of monocytic origin (PCMO). In addition to the published protocol, PCMOs were then treated with either activin A, betacellulin, exendin 3 or 4. Cells were characterized by protein expression of insulin, Pdx-1, C-peptide and Glut-2. After identifying the optimal protocol, monocytes from baboon blood were isolated and the procedure was repeated. Spleen monocytes following splenectomy of a live baboon were differentiated and analyzed in the same manner and calculated in number and volume. RESULTS Insulin content of human cells was highest when cells were treated with activin A and their insulin content was 13,000 µU/1 million cells. Insulin-producing cells form primate monocytes could successfully be generated despite using human growth factors and serum. Expression of insulin, Pdx-1, C-peptide and Glut-2 was comparable to that of human neo-islets. Total insulin content of activin A-treated baboon monocytes was 16,000 µU/1 million cells. CONCLUSION We were able to show that insulin-producing cells can be generated from baboon monocytes with human growth factors. The amount generated from one spleen could be enough to cure a baboon from experimentally induced diabetes in an autologous cell transplant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Walter
- University Hospital Essen, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany. E-ma-il:
| | - Ole Harder
- Schleswig Holsetin University Hospital, Campus Kiel, Department of General, Thoracic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fred Faendrich
- Schleswig Holsetin University Hospital, Campus Kiel, Department of General, Thoracic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Kiel, Germany
| | - Maren Schulze
- University Hospital Essen, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Essen, Germany
,* Address for Correspondence: University Hospital Essen, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany Phone: +4920172384003 E-mail:
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Tamaki M, Fujitani Y, Uchida T, Hirose T, Kawamori R, Watada H. Combination treatment of db/db mice with exendin-4 and gastrin preserves β-cell mass by stimulating β-cell growth and differentiation. J Diabetes Investig 2014; 1:172-83. [PMID: 24843429 PMCID: PMC4020718 DOI: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2010.00044.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim/Introduction: Preservation of β‐cell mass is crucial for maintaining long‐term glucose homeostasis. Therapies based on incretin and its mimetics are expected to achieve this goal through various biological functions, particularly the restoration of β‐cell mass. Here we tested the effects of gastrin and exendin‐4 in type 2 diabetic animals. Materials and Methods: The effects of exendin‐4 and gastrin on β‐cell function and mass were examined in 8‐week‐old db/db mice. INS‐1 beta cells and AR42J cells were used to determine the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of the two agents. Immunohistochemistry, western blotting and RT‐PCR assays were used to assess the biological effects of the two agents. Results: Two weeks of combination administration of exendin‐4 plus gastrin resulted in a significant improvement of glucose tolerance associated with a marked preservation of β‐cell mass in db/db mice. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that such treatment resulted in the appearance of numerous irregularly‐shaped small islets and single insulin‐positive cells. While gastrin had little biological effect on INS‐1 β‐cells consistent with low expression of its intrinsic receptor on these cells, it caused differentiation of AR42J cells into insulin‐producing cells. Co‐stimulation with exendin‐4 significantly enhanced gastrin‐induced endocrine differentiation of AR42J precursor cells. These findings were further supported by enhanced expression of key genes involved in β‐cell differentiation and maturation, such as neurogenin3 (Ngn3) and MafA. Conclusions: These results suggest that combination treatment of db/db mice with exendin‐4 and gastrin preserves β‐cell mass by stimulating β‐cell growth and differentiation. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040‐1124.00044.x, 2010)
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshio Fujitani
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism and Endocrinology ; Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes
| | | | - Takahisa Hirose
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism and Endocrinology ; Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes
| | - Ryuzo Kawamori
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism and Endocrinology ; Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes ; Center for Beta-Cell Biology and Regeneration ; Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism and Endocrinology ; Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Khan S, Jena GB. Protective role of sodium butyrate, a HDAC inhibitor on beta-cell proliferation, function and glucose homeostasis through modulation of p38/ERK MAPK and apoptotic pathways: study in juvenile diabetic rat. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 213:1-12. [PMID: 24530320 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) also known as juvenile diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disorder that precipitates in genetically susceptible individuals by environmental factors particularly during early age. Both genetic and epigenetic factors are implicated in the beta-cell development, proliferation, differentiation and function. Recent evidences suggested that there is a link between diabetes and histone deacetylases (HDACs), because HDAC inhibitors promote beta-cell development, proliferation and function as well as improve glucose homeostasis. Sodium butyrate (NaB) is a short chain fatty acid having HDAC inhibition activity. The present study was aimed to investigate the protective role of NaB treatment on the beta-cell proliferation, function and glucose homeostasis as well as apoptosis in juvenile diabetic rat. Diabetes was induced by single injection of STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.) in chilled citrate buffer, while NaB (500 mg/kg/day) was administrated by i.p. route for 21 days as pre- and post-treatment schedule. Plasma glucose and insulin levels, HbA1c, glucose tolerance, apoptosis, and expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), p38, p53, caspase-3, extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK-1/2), forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) as well as histone acetylation were evaluated. NaB treatment decreased plasma glucose, HbA1c, beta-cell apoptosis and improved plasma insulin level and glucose homeostasis through HDAC inhibition and histone acetylation in diabetic animal as compared to control. NaB treatment improved the beta-cell proliferation, function and glucose homeostasis as well as reduced beta-cell apoptosis in juvenile diabetic rat by the modulation of p38/ERK MAPK and apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khan
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India.
| | - G B Jena
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India.
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The ABC of BTC: structural properties and biological roles of betacellulin. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 28:42-8. [PMID: 24440602 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Betacellulin was initially detected as a growth-promoting factor in the conditioned medium of a mouse pancreatic β-cell tumor cell line. Sequencing of the purified protein and of the cloned cDNA supported the assumption that betacellulin is a new ligand of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which was later confirmed experimentally. As a typical EGFR ligand, betacellulin is expressed by a variety of cell types and tissues, and the soluble growth factor is proteolytically cleaved from a larger membrane-anchored precursor. Importantly, BTC can - in addition to the EGFR - bind and activate all possible heterodimeric combinations of the related ERBB receptors including the highly oncogenic ERBB2/3 dimer, as well as homodimers of ERBB4. While a large number of studies attest a role for betacellulin in the differentiation of pancreatic β-cells, the last decade witnessed the association of betacellulin with a large number of additional biological processes, ranging from reproduction to the control of neural stem cells.
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30
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Ding L, Gysemans C, Mathieu C. β-Cell differentiation and regeneration in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013; 15 Suppl 3:98-104. [PMID: 24003926 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic insulin-producing β-cells have traditionally been viewed as a quiescent cell population. However, several recent lines of evidence indicated that like most tissues the β-cell mass is dynamically regulated with ongoing β-cell regeneration throughout life to replenish lost or damaged β-cells. In type 1 diabetes (T1D), this fine-tuned balance between β-cell death and β-cell renewal in the endocrine pancreas is lost and the deficit in β-cell mass is largely caused by autoimmune-mediated apoptosis. Currently, the concept that a cure for T1D will require both re-establishment of immunological tolerance along with replacement or regeneration of a functional β-cell mass in T1D patients is generally accepted. In this study our current understanding of the events directing β-cell replication, β-cell reprogramming from different cell types and β-cell regeneration is reviewed, in view of the results of various immunomodulatory strategies aiming at blocking autoimmune responses against pancreatic β-cells and at improving β-cell mass and function in subjects with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ding
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N1, Faculty of Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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31
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Sugimoto M, Cutler A, Shen B, Moss SE, Iyengar SK, Klein R, Folkman J, Anand-Apte B. Inhibition of EGF signaling protects the diabetic retina from insulin-induced vascular leakage. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 183:987-95. [PMID: 23831329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a disease with considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier and leakage from the retinal vasculature leads to diabetic macular edema, an important cause of vision loss in patients with diabetes. Although epidemiologic studies and randomized clinical trials suggest that glycemic control plays a major role in the development of vascular complications of diabetes, insulin therapies for control of glucose metabolism cannot prevent long-term retinal complications. The phenomenon of temporary paradoxical worsening of diabetic macular edema after insulin treatment has been observed in a number of studies. In prospective studies on non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus patients, a change in treatment from oral drugs to insulin was often associated with a significant increased risk of retinopathy progression and visual impairment. Although insulin therapies are critical for regulation of the metabolic disease, their role in the retina is controversial. In this study with diabetic mice, insulin treatment resulted in increased vascular leakage apparently mediated by betacellulin and signaling via the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor. In addition, treatment with EGF receptor inhibitors reduced retinal vascular leakage in diabetic mice on insulin. These findings provide unique insight into the role of insulin signaling in mediating retinal effects in diabetes and open new avenues for therapeutics to treat the retinal complications of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Sugimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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32
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Kim HS, Hong SH, Oh SH, Kim JH, Lee MS, Lee MK. Activin A, exendin-4, and glucose stimulate differentiation of human pancreatic ductal cells. J Endocrinol 2013; 217:241-52. [PMID: 23503774 DOI: 10.1530/joe-12-0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Islet transplantation is one treatment option for diabetes mellitus. However, novel sources of pancreatic islets or insulin-producing cells are required because the amount of donor tissue available is severely limited. Pancreatic ductal cells are an alternative source of β-cells because they have the potential to differentiate into insulin-producing cells. We investigated whether treatment of human pancreatic ductal cells with activin A (ActA) and exendin-4 (EX-4) stimulated transdifferentiation of the cells, both in vitro and in vivo. We treated human pancreatic ductal cells with ActA and EX-4 in high-glucose media to induce differentiation into insulin-producing cells and transplanted the cells into streptozotocin-induced diabetic nude mice. Co-treatment of mice with ActA and EX-4 promoted cell proliferation, induced expression of pancreatic β-cell-specific markers, and caused glucose-induced insulin secretion compared with the ActA or EX-4 mono-treatment groups respectively. When pancreatic ductal cells treated with ActA and EX-4 in high-glucose media were transplanted into diabetic nude mice, their blood glucose levels normalized and insulin was detected in the graft. These findings suggest that pancreatic ductal cells have a potential to replace pancreatic islets for the treatment of diabetes mellitus when the ductal cells are co-treated with ActA, EX-4, and glucose to promote their differentiation into functional insulin-producing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Sup Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, #50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-ku, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea Korea
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33
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Xiao X, Chen Z, Shiota C, Prasadan K, Guo P, El-Gohary Y, Paredes J, Welsh C, Wiersch J, Gittes GK. No evidence for β cell neogenesis in murine adult pancreas. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:2207-17. [PMID: 23619362 DOI: 10.1172/jci66323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether facultative β cell progenitors exist in the adult pancreas is a major unsolved question. To date, lineage-tracing studies have provided conflicting results. To track β cell neogenesis in vivo, we generated transgenic mice that transiently coexpress mTomato and GFP in a time-sensitive, nonconditional Cre-mediated manner, so that insulin-producing cells express GFP under control of the insulin promoter, while all other cells express mTomato (INSCremTmG mice). Newly differentiated β cells were detected by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, taking advantage of their transient coexpression of GFP and mTomato fluorescent proteins. We found that β cell neogenesis predominantly occurs during embryogenesis, decreases dramatically shortly after birth, and is completely absent in adults across various models of β cell loss, β cell growth and regeneration, and inflammation. Moreover, we demonstrated upregulation of neurogenin 3 (NGN3) in both proliferating ducts and preexisting β cells in the ligated pancreatic tail after pancreatic ductal ligation. These results are consistent with some recent reports, but argue against the widely held belief that NGN3 marks cells undergoing endocrine neogenesis in the pancreas. Our data suggest that β cell neogenesis in the adult pancreas occurs rarely, if ever, under either normal or pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Xiao
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224, USA
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34
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Bose B, Shenoy P S. Non insulin producing cell line, MIA PaCa-2 is rendered insulin producing in vitro via mesenchymal epithelial transition. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:1642-52. [PMID: 23386380 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We used non-insulin producing pancreatic carcinoma cell line, MIA PaCa-2 and have modulated its culture conditions by using 1% matrigel as extracellular matrix, N2, B27 growth supplements and serum free conditions. Expression of markers was analyzed using qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence and in vitro functional assay for insulin and C-peptide release was assessed using insulin and C-peptide ELISA, respectively. The cells grown under this altered culture conditions have exhibited a transition in the morphology from mesenchymal to epithelial with extensive piling up of cells. A reduction in doubling time from 40 to 18 h, upregulation of beta islet specific markers like pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (Pdx-1), C-peptide, insulin, and disappearance of markers like vimentin were observed. On the functional level, the altered morphology bearing cells released high levels of insulin in response to 10 µM tolbutamide (an activator of insulin pathway) and reduced insulin secretion in response to 50 µM nifedipine (inhibitor of the pathway). On the contrary, the original cells (mesenchymal morphology) had failed to release any insulin in response to varying concentrations of glucose and also the activators and inhibitors of the insulin pathway. This investigation thus provides a basis for using this basic developmental biology phenomenon mesenchymal to epithelial transition as a strategy to generate a large number of functional islets from stem cells of mesenchymal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipasha Bose
- Embryonic Stem Cell Group Reliance Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd. Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.
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35
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Mansouri A. Development and regeneration in the endocrine pancreas. ISRN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2012; 2012:640956. [PMID: 23326678 PMCID: PMC3544272 DOI: 10.5402/2012/640956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The pancreas is composed of two compartments that deliver digestive enzymes and endocrine hormones to control the blood sugar level. The endocrine pancreas consists of functional units organized into cell clusters called islets of Langerhans where insulin-producing cells are found in the core and surrounded by glucagon-, somatostatin-, pancreatic polypeptide-, and ghrelin-producing cells. Diabetes is a devastating disease provoked by the depletion or malfunction of insulin-producing beta-cells in the endocrine pancreas. The side effects of diabetes are multiple, including cardiovascular, neuropathological, and kidney diseases. The analyses of transgenic and knockout mice gave major insights into the molecular mechanisms controlling endocrine pancreas genesis. Moreover, the study of animal models of pancreas injury revealed that the pancreas has the propensity to undergo regeneration and opened new avenues to develop novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of diabetes. Thus, beside self-replication of preexisting insulin-producing cells, several potential cell sources in the adult pancreas were suggested to contribute to beta-cell regeneration, including acinar, intraislet, and duct epithelia. However, regeneration in the adult endocrine pancreas is still under controversial debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mansouri
- Research Group Molecular Cell Differentiation, Department Molecular Cell Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany ; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
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36
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Webb MA, Chen JJ, Illouz SC, Pollard CA, Dennison B, West KP, James RFL, Dennison AR. The impact of potential islet precursor cells on islet autotransplantation outcomes. Cell Transplant 2012; 22:1041-51. [PMID: 23007077 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x655046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet autotransplant patients represent excellent subjects to assess the posttransplant impact of islet precursors, as chronic pancreatitis (CP) causes an elevation of ductal cells, pancreatic precursors cells, and hormone-positive acinar cells. The relationship between these cell types and autograft outcomes should be more apparent than would be the case in the context of an allograft program with confounding immunological variables. To improve diabetic control following total pancreatectomy for CP, nonpurified islets were autotransplanted into the liver. Pancreas specimens were recovered from 23 patients and stained for antigens including: insulin, glucagon, cytokeratin 19, cytokeratin 7, and PDX-1. In line with previous reports, the prevalence of ductal cells, non-islet endocrine cells and non-islet PDX-1-expressing cells was significantly higher in CP glands compared with normal pancreata. When correlating follow-up data (i.e., fasting and stimulated C-peptide/glucose levels and HbA1c%) with pancreas immunoreactivity, high levels of ductal cells, non-islet PDX-1-positive cells, and non-islet glucagon-positive cells were associated with superior outcomes, detectable up to 2 years posttransplant. To conclude, the acinar parenchyma and ductal epithelium of the CP pancreas show an upregulation of both endocrine and pre-endocrine cell types, which appear to have a positive effect on islet graft outcomes in autotransplantation setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Webb
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, University Hospitals of Leicester, NHS Trust, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK.
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37
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Fujisawa H, Zhang Z, Sun W, Huang M, Kobayashi J, Yasuda H, Kinoshita Y, Ando R, Tamura K. Histopathological changes in the pancreas from a spontaneous hyperglycemic cynomolgus monkey. J Toxicol Pathol 2012; 25:215-9. [PMID: 22988340 PMCID: PMC3434337 DOI: 10.1293/tox.25.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphological and immunohistochemical examinations were carried out on the pancreas of a hyperglycemic 5-year-old male cynomolgus monkey. Body weight gradually decreased from 6 months before termination, accompanying a slight reduction in food consumption and anorexia for the last 2 days. The blood glucose level was markedly elevated when examined at termination. Histopathologically, in the exocrine pancreas, diffuse hyperplasia of centroacinar and intercalated duct cells and diffuse atrophy of acinar cells with sporadic apoptosis were observed, although most centroacinar and intercalated duct cells were proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive in both the present case and age-matched control animals. In the endocrine pancreas, the islets tended to be hypertrophic, with an increase in insulin-positive cells in comparison with the age-matched control animals. PCNA-positive cells also tended to increase in the islets, although positive cells for phospho-histone H3, a marker for mitotic cells, were not detected in the endocrine and exocrine pancreas. Moreover, neither inflammation nor amyloidosis was noted in the islets. In conclusion, the present case probably suffered from early-stage type 2 diabetes mellitus, and it provides fundamental information concerning pancreatic histopathology under insulin-related derangement in monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Fujisawa
- Bozo Research Center Inc., 1284 Kamado, Gotemba-shi,
Shizuoka 412-0039, Japan
| | - Zean Zhang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai
University of T.C.M., 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai
University of T.C.M., 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingshu Huang
- National Shanghai Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and
Research, 199 Guoshoujing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Junichi Kobayashi
- Bozo Research Center Inc., 1284 Kamado, Gotemba-shi,
Shizuoka 412-0039, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yasuda
- Bozo Research Center Inc., 1284 Kamado, Gotemba-shi,
Shizuoka 412-0039, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kinoshita
- Bozo Research Center Inc., 1284 Kamado, Gotemba-shi,
Shizuoka 412-0039, Japan
| | - Ryo Ando
- Bozo Research Center Inc., 1284 Kamado, Gotemba-shi,
Shizuoka 412-0039, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Tamura
- Bozo Research Center Inc., 1284 Kamado, Gotemba-shi,
Shizuoka 412-0039, Japan
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38
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Wiater E, Vale W. Roles of activin family in pancreatic development and homeostasis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 359:23-9. [PMID: 22406274 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily of ligands have been recognized as important signals in vertebrate embryonic development from the blastula stage to adulthood. In addition to roles in early development, TGF-β superfamily ligands, and particularly activin family ligands, are involved in specification, differentiation, and proliferation of multiple organ systems, including the pancreas. More recently, research has suggested that activin family ligands, binding proteins, receptors, and Smad signal transducers and modulators are involved in regulating adult pancreatic function and maintaining pancreatic islet homeostasis in the adult. This article will focus on outlining common themes in activin family regulation of embryonic pancreatic development and adult pancreatic homeostasis, particularly in activin family involvement in setting and maintaining populations of islet cells such as β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra Wiater
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute of Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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39
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Lima MJ, Docherty HM, Chen Y, Docherty K. Efficient differentiation of AR42J cells towards insulin-producing cells using pancreatic transcription factors in combination with growth factors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 358:69-80. [PMID: 22429991 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The AR42J-B13 rat pancreatic acinar cell line was used to identify pancreatic transcription factors and exogenous growth factors (GFs) that might facilitate the reprogramming of exocrine cells into islets. Adenoviruses were used to induce exogenous expression of the pancreatic transcription factors (TFs) Pdx1, MafA, Ngn3 and Pax4. Individually Pdx1, MafA and Pax4 had no effect on the expression of endocrine markers, whilst adeno-Ngn3 on its own increased the expression of Pax4, Ngn3 and NeuroD. In combination the four TFs had a significant effect on the expression of insulin 1 and 2 that was associated with a change in cell morphology from a rounded to a spindle-like shape. Amongst a range of growth factors, Betacellulin and Nicotinamide were shown to enhance the effects of the four TFs. The presence of adeno-Pax4 in the differentiation cocktail was important in limiting the expression of glucagon and in generating glucose sensitive insulin secretion. Further experiments asked whether the adenoviral TFs could be replaced by protein transduction domain (PTD)-containing TFs. The results showed that the PTD-TFs could mimic in part the effects of the adeno-TFs, but the resultant cells did not undergo the important morphological change associated with differentiation to endocrine lineages and levels of endogenous markers were very much lower. In summary, the results describe a cocktail of four TFs and two GFs that can be used to induce formation of glucose sensitive insulin secreting cells from ARJ42 cells, and demonstrate that it would be difficult to replace adenoviral transduction with PTD-TFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Lima
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
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40
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Webb MA, Dennison AR, James RF. The potential benefit of non-purified islets preparations for islet transplantation. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2012; 28:101-14. [PMID: 22616483 DOI: 10.5661/bger-28-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Since the advent of islet transplantation, there has been a significant emphasis on the importance of islet purity despite an inevitable associated loss of islet mass during the purification process. One of the key elements of the 'Edmonton Protocol' for islet transplantation published in 2000 was an emphasis on the need for sequential transplants of highly purified islets (averaging 24% beta cell purity) and the close correlation between the numbers of islets transplanted and the success of the procedure. However, the emphasis on islet purity may warrant further consideration as auto transplantation of non-purified islets currently provides the most successful insulin independence rates within the field of islet transplantation. While the role of auto and allo immunity could contribute to the differences in the success rates it is clear that within the clinical setting, significant acinar and ductal contamination is well tolerated. However, one could go further and hypothesize that extra-insular tissue including acinar tissue, ductal tissue, peri-pancreatic lymph nodes and vascular tissue actually confer an advantage to islet survival/function and may even contribute to the insulin secreting capacity of the graft post transplant. As such this review will assess the influence of extra-insular pancreatic tissue on the results of islet transplantation based on published evidence and will also explore the possibility that non-islet pancreatic cells are capable of differentiating into a beta cell phenotype in vivo contributing to an ongoing regeneration of endocrine mass during the period following transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M'Balu A Webb
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, University Hospitals of Leicester, NHS Trust, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK.
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41
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Modulating zymogen granule formation in pancreatic AR42J cells. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:1855-66. [PMID: 22683857 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Zymogen granules (ZG) are specialized organelles in the exocrine pancreas which allow digestive enzyme storage and regulated secretion. To investigate ZG biogenesis, cargo sorting and packaging, suitable cellular model systems are required. Here, we demonstrate that granule formation in pancreatic AR42J cells, an acinar model system, can be modulated by altering the growth conditions in cell culture. We find that cultivation of AR42J cells in Panserin™ 401, a serum-free medium, enhances the induction of granule formation in the presence or absence of dexamethasone when compared to standard conditions including serum. Biochemical and morphological studies revealed an increase in ZG markers on the mRNA and protein level, as well as in granule size compared to standard conditions. Our data indicate that this effect is related to pronounced differentiation of AR42J cells. To address if enhanced expression of ZG proteins promotes granule formation, we expressed several zymogens and ZG membrane proteins in unstimulated AR42J cells and in constitutively secreting COS-7 cells. Neither single expression nor co-expression was sufficient to initiate granule formation in AR42J cells or the formation of granule-like structures in COS-7 cells as described for neuroendocrine cargo proteins. The importance of our findings for granule formation in exocrine cells is discussed.
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42
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Talebi S, Aleyasin A, Soleimani M, Massumi M. Derivation of islet-like cells from mesenchymal stem cells using PDX1-transducing lentiviruses. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2012; 59:205-12. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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43
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Zhang T, Saunee NA, Breslin MB, Song K, Lan MS. Functional role of an islet transcription factor, INSM1/IA-1, on pancreatic acinar cell trans-differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:2470-9. [PMID: 21830214 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the functional role of INSM1 is examined with an AR42J acinar cell model for trans-differentiation into insulin-positive cells. Islet transcription factors (ITFs: INSM1, Pdx-1, and NeuroD1) are over-expressed in AR42J cells using adenoviral vectors. Addition of Ad-INSM1 alone or the combination of three ITFs to the AR42J cells triggers cellular trans-differentiation. Ectopic expression of INSM1 directly induces insulin, Pax6, and Nkx6.1 expression, whereas Pdx-1 and NeuroD1 were slightly suppressed by INSM1. Addition of Pdx-1 and NeuroD1 with INSM1 further enhances endocrine trans-differentiation by increasing both the numbers and intensity of the insulin-positive cells with simultaneous activation of ITFs, Ngn3 and MafA. INSM1 expression alone partially inhibits dexamethasone-induced exocrine amylase expression. The combination of the three ITFs completely inhibits amylase expression and concomitantly induces greater acinar cell trans-differentiation into endocrine cells. Also, addition of the three ITFs promotes EGF and TGFβ receptors expression. Stimulation by the three ITFs along with the EGF/TGFβ growth factors strongly promotes insulin gene expression. The combination of the three ITFs and EGF/TGFβ growth factors with the primary cultured pancreatic acini also facilitates exocrine to endocrine cell differentiation. Taken together, both the AR42J cell line and the primary cultured mouse acinar cells support INSM1 induced acini trans-differentiation model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- The Research Institute for Children, Children's Hospital, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Regulation of retinal vascular permeability by betacellulin. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 723:293-8. [PMID: 22183345 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0631-0_38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Saito R, Yamada S, Yamamoto Y, Kodera T, Hara A, Tanaka Y, Kimura F, Takei I, Umezawa K, Kojima I. Conophylline suppresses pancreatic stellate cells and improves islet fibrosis in Goto-Kakizaki rats. Endocrinology 2012; 153:621-30. [PMID: 22202163 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Activin A is a differentiation factor for β-cells and is effective to promote β-cell neogenesis. Activin A is also an autocrine activator of pancreatic stellate cells, which play a critical role in fibrogenesis of the pancreas. Conophylline (CnP) is a natural compound, which reproduces the effect of activin on β-cell differentiation and promotes β-cell neogenesis when administered in vivo. However, its effect on stellate cells is not known. We therefore investigated the effect of CnP on stellate cells both in vitro and in vivo. Unlike activin A, CnP inhibited activation of cultured stellate cells and reduced the production of collagen. We then analyzed the involvement of stellate cells in islet fibrosis in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In pancreatic sections obtained from 6-wk-old GK rats, CD68-positive macrophages and glial fibrillary acidic protein- and α-smooth muscle actin-positive stellate cells infiltrated into islets. Later, the number of macrophages was increased, and the α-smooth muscle actin staining of stellate cells became stronger, indicating the involvement of stellate cells in islet fibrosis in GK rats. When CnP was administered orally for 4 wk, starting from 6 wk of age, invasion of stellate cells and macrophages was markedly reduced and islet fibrosis was significantly improved. The insulin content was twice as high in CnP-treated rats. These results indicate that CnP exerts antifibrotic actions both in vitro and in vivo and improves islet fibrosis in Goto-Kakizaki rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Saito
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan
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Oh YS, Shin S, Lee YJ, Kim EH, Jun HS. Betacellulin-induced beta cell proliferation and regeneration is mediated by activation of ErbB-1 and ErbB-2 receptors. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23894. [PMID: 21897861 PMCID: PMC3163663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Betacellulin (BTC), a member of the epidermal growth factor family, is known to play an important role in regulating growth and differentiation of pancreatic beta cells. Growth-promoting actions of BTC are mediated by epidermal growth factor receptors (ErbBs), namely ErbB-1, ErbB-2, ErbB-3 and ErbB-4; however, the exact mechanism for beta cell proliferation has not been elucidated. Therefore, we investigated which ErbBs are involved and some molecular mechanisms by which BTC regulates beta cell proliferation. Methodology/Principal Findings The expression of ErbB-1, ErbB-2, ErbB-3, and ErbB-4 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR in both a beta cell line (MIN-6 cells) and C57BL/6 mouse islets. Immunoprecipitation and western blotting analysis showed that BTC treatment of MIN-6 cells induced phosphorylation of only ErbB-1 and ErbB-2 among the four EGF receptors. BTC treatment resulted in DNA synthetic activity, cell cycle progression, and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive staining. The proliferative effect was blocked by treatment with AG1478 or AG825, specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors of ErbB-1 and ErbB-2, respectively. BTC treatment increased mRNA and protein levels of insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2), and this was blocked by the ErbB-1 and ErbB-2 inhibitors. Inhibition of IRS-2 by siRNA blocked cell cycle progression induced by BTC treatment. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice injected with a recombinant adenovirus expressing BTC and treated with AG1478 or AG825 showed reduced islet size, reduced numbers of BrdU-positive cells in the islets, and did not attain BTC-mediated remission of diabetes. Conclusions/Significance These results suggest that BTC exerts proliferative activity on beta cells through the activation of ErbB-1 and ErbB-2 receptors, which may increase IRS-2 expression, contributing to the regeneration of beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Sin Oh
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seungjin Shin
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Youn-Jung Lee
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Korea
| | - Eung Hwi Kim
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Hamamoto K, Yamada S, Hara A, Kodera T, Seno M, Kojima I. Extracellular matrix modulates insulin production during differentiation of AR42J cells: functional role of Pax6 transcription factor. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:318-29. [PMID: 21069736 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) modulates differentiation of pancreatic β-cells during development. However, the mechanism by which ECM proteins modulate differentiation is not totally clear. We investigated the effect of ECM proteins on differentiation β-cells in vitro. We investigated the effect of basement membrane ECM on differentiation of AR42J cells and rat ductal cells. First, we examined the effect of reconstituted basement membrane, Matrigel on differentiation of AR42J cells induced by activin and betacellulin. Matrigel augmented insulin production and increased the expression of GLUT2, SUR1, and glucokinase. Among various transcription factors investigated, Matrigel markedly upregulated the expression of Pax6. When Pax6 was overexpressed in cells treated with activin and betacellulin, the expression of insulin was upregulated. Conversely, knockdown of Pax6 significantly reduced the insulin expression in cells cultured on Matrigel. The effects of Matrigel on insulin-production and induction of Pax6 were reproduced partially by laminin-1, a major component of Matrigel, and inhibited by anti-integrin-β1 antibody. Matrigel also enhanced the activation of p38 mitogen-activated kinase induced by activin and betacellulin, which was inhibited by anti-β1 antibody. Finally, the effect of Matrigel on differentiation was reproduced in rat cultured ductal cells, and Matrigel also increased the expression of Pax6. These results indicate that basement membrane ECM augments differentiation of pancreatic progenitor cells to insulin-secreting cells by upregulating the expression of Pax6. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Hamamoto
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
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Activation of the GLP-1 receptor signalling pathway: a relevant strategy to repair a deficient beta-cell mass. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2011; 2011:376509. [PMID: 21716694 PMCID: PMC3118608 DOI: 10.1155/2011/376509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent preclinical studies in rodent models of diabetes suggest that exogenous GLP-1R agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors have the ability to increase islet mass and preserve beta-cell function, by immediate reactivation of beta-cell glucose competence, as well as enhanced beta-cell proliferation and neogenesis and promotion of beta-cell survival. These effects have tremendous implication in the treatment of T2D because they directly address one of the basic defects in T2D, that is, beta-cell failure. In human diabetes, however, evidence that the GLP-1-based drugs alter the course of beta-cell function remains to be found. Several questions surrounding the risks and benefits of GLP-1-based therapy for the diabetic beta-cell mass are discussed in this review and require further investigation.
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