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Teng L, Sun Y, Teng S, Hui P. Applications of nanomaterials in anti-VEGF treatment for ophthalmic diseases. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:296-306. [PMID: 37850566 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis has been determined to be essential in the occurrence and metastasis of diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), choroidal neovascularization (CNV), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), tumor, etc. However, the clinical use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) drugs is currently limited due to its high cost, potential side effects, and need for repeated injections. In recent years, nanotechnology has shown promising results in inhibiting neovascularization and reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) or inflammatory factors. Some nanomaterials can also act as vehicles for drug delivery, such as lipid nanoparticles and PLGA. The process of angiogenesis and its molecular mechanism are discussed in this article. At the same time, this study aims to systematically review the research progress of nanotechnology and offer more treatment options for neovascularization-related diseases in clinical ophthalmology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Teng
- The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Yabin Sun
- The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Siying Teng
- The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Peng Hui
- The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
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2
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Krishnan A, Sendra VG, Patel D, Lad A, Greene MK, Smyth P, Gallaher SA, Herron ÚM, Scott CJ, Genead M, Tolentino M. PolySialic acid-nanoparticles inhibit macrophage mediated inflammation through Siglec agonism: a potential treatment for age related macular degeneration. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1237016. [PMID: 38045700 PMCID: PMC10690618 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1237016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic, progressive retinal disease characterized by an inflammatory response mediated by activated macrophages and microglia infiltrating the inner layer of the retina. In this study, we demonstrate that inhibition of macrophages through Siglec binding in the AMD eye can generate therapeutically useful effects. We show that Siglecs-7, -9 and -11 are upregulated in AMD associated M0 and M1 macrophages, and that these can be selectively targeted using polysialic acid (PolySia)-nanoparticles (NPs) to control dampen AMD-associated inflammation. In vitro studies showed that PolySia-NPs bind to macrophages through human Siglecs-7, -9, -11 as well as murine ortholog Siglec-E. Following treatment with PolySia-NPs, we observed that the PolySia-NPs bound and agonized the macrophage Siglecs resulting in a significant decrease in the secretion of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and VEGF, and an increased secretion of IL-10. In vivo intravitreal (IVT) injection of PolySia-NPs was found to be well-tolerated and safe making it effective in preventing thinning of the retinal outer nuclear layer (ONL), inhibiting macrophage infiltration, and restoring electrophysiological retinal function in a model of bright light-induced retinal degeneration. In a clinically validated, laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model of exudative AMD, PolySia-NPs reduced the size of neovascular lesions with associated reduction in macrophages. The PolySia-NPs described herein are therefore a promising therapeutic strategy for repolarizing pro-inflammatory macrophages to a more anti-inflammatory, non-angiogenic phenotype, which play a key role in the pathophysiology of non-exudative AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Diyan Patel
- Aviceda Therapeutics Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Amit Lad
- Aviceda Therapeutics Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Michelle K. Greene
- Aviceda Therapeutics Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Smyth
- Aviceda Therapeutics Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha A. Gallaher
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Úna M. Herron
- Aviceda Therapeutics Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Scott
- Aviceda Therapeutics Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michael Tolentino
- Aviceda Therapeutics Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Central Florida School of Medicine, Orlando, FL, United States
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Dimtsas GS, Tsiogka A, Moschos MM. VEGF levels in the aqueous humor of patients with primary open angle glaucoma: A systematic review and a meta-analysis. Eur J Ophthalmol 2023; 33:2228-2235. [PMID: 37038334 DOI: 10.1177/11206721231168146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the VEGF levels in the aqueous humor of patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) and non-glaucomatous eyes and reveal any potential statistically significant correlations. METHODS We searched PubMed, from inception to December 31, 2021. Key search terms included VEGF and Glaucoma. All relevant studies that evaluated the VEGF levels in patients with POAG and in the control group were included in this systematic review. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies (PRISMA-DTA) guidelines were followed. Data were extracted independently by 2 authors. Heterogeneity was statistically quantified by Q, H, and I2 statistics, and a meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model. RESULTS Seven cross-sectional studies were included in the meta-analysis. 144 eyes were enrolled in the POAG group and 162 eyes in the control group. The random effect model showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (SMD =0.284, 95% CI = -0.173 to 0.741; P = 0.223), but we noticed a trend towards elevated VEGF levels in the aqueous humor of POAG patients. Significant heterogeneity was detected (I2 = 74.1%, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This systematic review and meta-analysis indicates a trend towards elevated VEGF-A levels in the aqueous humor of patients with POAG and suggests a potential neuroprotective role of VEGF in patients with POAG. Future studies are required to evaluate the exact role of VEGF in POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios S Dimtsas
- 1st Department of Ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "G. Gennimatas" General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Tsiogka
- 1st Department of Ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "G. Gennimatas" General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Marilita M Moschos
- 1st Department of Ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "G. Gennimatas" General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Honisch C, Rodella U, Gatto C, Ruzza P, Tóthová JD. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant-Based Interventional Medicine in Ophthalmology. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1146. [PMID: 37631061 PMCID: PMC10458870 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The different anatomical compartments of the eye are highly subjected to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation due to internal factors, such as metabolic high oxygen consumption, as well as environmental factors, including UV light. An antioxidant defense system is endowed in the eye tissues to regulate ROS quantity and activity. When this homeostatic system is overwhelmed, oxidative stress occurs, causing cellular damage, chronic inflammation, and tissue degeneration. It also plays a significant role in the development and progression of various ocular diseases. Understanding the mechanisms underlying oxidative stress in ocular conditions is thus crucial for the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies. To track marketed products based on antioxidant substances as active ingredients, the databases of the European Medicines Agency and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration were consulted. Only a limited number of items were identified, which were either used as therapeutic treatment or during ocular surgery, including antioxidants, synthetical derivatives, or pro-drugs designed to enhance tissue permeation and activity. This review aims to provide an overview of the primary ocular pathologies associated with oxidative stress and of the available pharmacological interventions centered around antioxidant molecules. Such insights are essential for advancing the development of effective prevention and novel treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Honisch
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry of CNR (ICB-CNR), Via F. Marzolo, 1, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Umberto Rodella
- Research and Development, AL.CHI.MI.A. S.R.L., Viale Austria, 14, 35020 Ponte San Nicolờ, Italy; (U.R.); (C.G.)
- Fondazione Banca degli Occhi del Veneto (FBOV), Via Paccagnella, 11, 30174 Zelarino, Italy
| | - Claudio Gatto
- Research and Development, AL.CHI.MI.A. S.R.L., Viale Austria, 14, 35020 Ponte San Nicolờ, Italy; (U.R.); (C.G.)
| | - Paolo Ruzza
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry of CNR (ICB-CNR), Via F. Marzolo, 1, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Jana D’Amato Tóthová
- Research and Development, AL.CHI.MI.A. S.R.L., Viale Austria, 14, 35020 Ponte San Nicolờ, Italy; (U.R.); (C.G.)
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Pourbaghi M, Haghani L, Zhao K, Karimi A, Marinelli B, Erinjeri JP, Geschwind JFH, Yarmohammadi H. Anti-Glycolytic Drugs in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Systemic and Locoregional Options. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:6609-6622. [PMID: 37504345 PMCID: PMC10377758 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30070485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. Locoregional therapies, including transarterial embolization (TAE: bland embolization), chemoembolization (TACE), and radioembolization, have demonstrated survival benefits when treating patients with unresectable HCC. TAE and TACE occlude the tumor's arterial supply, causing hypoxia and nutritional deprivation and ultimately resulting in tumor necrosis. Embolization blocks the aerobic metabolic pathway. However, tumors, including HCC, use the "Warburg effect" and survive hypoxia from embolization. An adaptation to hypoxia through the Warburg effect, which was first described in 1956, is when the cancer cells switch to glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen. Hence, this is also known as aerobic glycolysis. In this article, the adaptation mechanisms of HCC, including glycolysis, are discussed, and anti-glycolytic treatments, including systemic and locoregional options that have been previously reported or have the potential to be utilized in the treatment of HCC, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles Pourbaghi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (M.P.); (K.Z.); (A.K.); (B.M.); (J.P.E.)
| | - Leila Haghani
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (M.P.); (K.Z.); (A.K.); (B.M.); (J.P.E.)
| | - Ken Zhao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (M.P.); (K.Z.); (A.K.); (B.M.); (J.P.E.)
| | - Anita Karimi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (M.P.); (K.Z.); (A.K.); (B.M.); (J.P.E.)
| | - Brett Marinelli
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (M.P.); (K.Z.); (A.K.); (B.M.); (J.P.E.)
| | - Joseph P. Erinjeri
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (M.P.); (K.Z.); (A.K.); (B.M.); (J.P.E.)
| | | | - Hooman Yarmohammadi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (M.P.); (K.Z.); (A.K.); (B.M.); (J.P.E.)
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6
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Gao H, Chen M, Liu Y, Zhang D, Shen J, Ni N, Tang Z, Ju Y, Dai X, Zhuang A, Wang Z, Chen Q, Fan X, Liu Z, Gu P. Injectable Anti-Inflammatory Supramolecular Nanofiber Hydrogel to Promote Anti-VEGF Therapy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treatment. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2204994. [PMID: 36349821 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of visual impairment and severe vision loss worldwide, while the currently available treatments are often unsatisfactory. Previous studies have demonstrated both inflammation and oxidative-stress-induced damage to the retinal pigment epithelium are involved in the pathogenesis of aberrant development of blood vessels in wet AMD (wet-AMD). Although antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy (e.g., Ranibizumab) can impair the growth of new blood vessels, side effects are still found with repeated monthly intravitreal injections. Here, an injectable antibody-loaded supramolecular nanofiber hydrogel is fabricated by simply mixing betamethasone phosphate (BetP), a clinic anti-inflammatory drug, anti-VEGF, the gold-standard anti-VEGF drug for AMD treatment, with CaCl2 . Upon intravitreal injection, such BetP-based hydrogel (BetP-Gel), while enabling long-term sustained release of anti-VEGF to inhibit vascular proliferation in the retina and attenuate choroidal neovascularization, can also scavenge reactive oxygen species to reduce local inflammation. Remarkably, such BetP-Gel can dramatically prolong the effective treatment time of conventional anti-VEGF therapy. Notably, anti-VEGF-loaded supramolecular hydrogel based on all clinically approved agents may be readily translated into clinical use for AMD treatment, with the potential to replace the current anti-VEGF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Muchao Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Shen
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ni Ni
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Zhimin Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Yahan Ju
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochan Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Ai Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
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Zhao B, Huang J, Lou X, Yao K, Ye M, Mou Q, Wen Z, Duan Q, Zhang H, Zhao Y. Endothelial CYP2J2 overexpression restores the BRB via METTL3-mediated ANXA1 upregulation. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22619. [PMID: 36269280 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201061rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Blood-retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown is responsible for multiple ocular diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and retinal vascular occlusive diseases. Increased vascular permeability contributes to vasogenic edema and tissue damage, with consequent adverse effects on vision. Herein, we found that endothelial CYP2J2 overexpression maintained BRB integrity after ischemia-reperfusion injury and consequently protected against retinal ganglion cell loss. Oxidative stress repressed endothelial ANXA1 expression in vivo and in vitro. CYP2J2 upregulated methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) expression and hence promoted ANXA1 translation via ANXA1 m6 A modification in endothelium under oxidative stress. CYP2J2 maintained the distribution of endothelial tight junctions and adherens junctions in an ANXA1-dependent manner. Endothelial ANXA1 plays an indispensable role in vascular homeostasis and stabilization during development. Endothelial ANXA1 deletion disrupted retinal vascular perfusion as well as BRB integrity. CYP2J2 metabolites restored BRB integrity in the presence of ANXA1. Our findings identified the CYP2J2-METTL3-ANXA1 pathway as a potential therapeutic target for relieving BRB impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingqiu Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaotong Lou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianxue Mou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Wen
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiming Duan
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yin Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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8
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Zhang Z, Dalan R, Hu Z, Wang JW, Chew NW, Poh KK, Tan RS, Soong TW, Dai Y, Ye L, Chen X. Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging Nanomedicine for the Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202169. [PMID: 35470476 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to play key roles in the progression of diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia, which are independent risk factors that lead to atherosclerosis and the development of IHD. Engineered biomaterial-based nanomedicines are under extensive investigation and exploration, serving as smart and multifunctional nanocarriers for synergistic therapeutic effect. Capitalizing on cell/molecule-targeting drug delivery, nanomedicines present enhanced specificity and safety with favorable pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Herein, the roles of ROS in both IHD and its risk factors are discussed, highlighting cardiovascular medications that have antioxidant properties, and summarizing the advantages, properties, and recent achievements of nanomedicines that have ROS scavenging capacity for the treatment of diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, ischemia/reperfusion, and myocardial infarction. Finally, the current challenges of nanomedicines for ROS-scavenging treatment of IHD and possible future directions are discussed from a clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Zhang
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Rinkoo Dalan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 408433, Singapore
| | - Zhenyu Hu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Ws Chew
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Kian-Keong Poh
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Ru-San Tan
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, 119609, Singapore
| | - Tuck Wah Soong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Yunlu Dai
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macao, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
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9
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Xu Z, Li Q, Zhang C, Wang P, Xu X, Ran L, Zhang L, Tian G, Zhang G. Amorphous ferric oxide-coating selenium core-shell nanoparticles: a self-preservation Pt(IV) platform for multi-modal cancer therapies through hydrogen peroxide depletion-mediated anti-angiogenesis, apoptosis and ferroptosis. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:11600-11611. [PMID: 35861683 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01837c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A self-preservation Pt(IV) nanoplatform, amorphous ferric oxide-coating selenium core-shell nanoparticles (iAIO@NSe-Pt), was developed for H2O2 depletion-mediated tumor anti-angiogenesis, apoptosis, and ferroptosis. Upon entry into the blood, the ferric oxide shell effectively blocked the contact Pt(IV) prodrug with reduced molecules, then avoided the inactivation of the Pt(IV) prodrug and increased its accumulation in the tumor. After entering cancer cells, iAIO@NSe-Pt caused a series of cascade reactions: (1) AIO on the surface of iAIO@NSe-Pt quickly dissolved, released an abundance of Fe(II) because of the weakly acidic tumor microenvironment, and then catalyzed cellular H2O2 into highly toxic ˙OH, resulting in cellular H2O2 deficiency and cell ferroptosis. (2) The platinum(IV) prodrugs were exposed and quickly reduced to highly toxic Pt(II) by depleting GSH. This process inactivated GPX4, promoted ROS accumulation, and further accelerated ferroptosis. In addition, the generated Pt(II) quickly inhibited DNA replication, achieving effective apoptotic cell death. Meanwhile, Pt(II) inactivated SOD1, which blocked the synthesis of cellular H2O2 and accelerated ROS (superoxide anion radical) accumulation. (3) The deficiency of cellular H2O2 significantly inhibited the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), blocking tumor angiogenesis and then improving the anticancer effect. (4) After such a cascade reaction, the exposed NSe successively disrupted mitochondrial respiration and inhibited cancer angiogenesis, further inducing cancer cell death. Collectively, our functional and mechanical investigation suggested that iAIO@NSe-Pt exhibits excellent tumor targeting, biocompatibility and anti-tumor efficiency in vitro and in vivo, and provides a novel example of a self-preservation Pt(IV) nanoplatform for H2O2 depletion-mediated tumor anti-angiogenesis, apoptosis, and ferroptosis, showing great promise for future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Xu
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, P. R. China.
| | - Qingdong Li
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, P. R. China.
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, P. R. China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaotong Xu
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, P. R. China.
| | - Lang Ran
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, P. R. China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P. R. China.
| | - Geng Tian
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, P. R. China.
| | - Guilong Zhang
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, P. R. China.
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10
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Chakraborty M, Rao A. Alternate Causes for Pathogenesis of Exfoliation Glaucoma, a Multifactorial Elastotic Disorder: A Literature Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:1191-1202. [PMID: 35723301 PMCID: PMC8946964 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44030078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Exfoliation glaucoma (XFG) is the most recognizable form of secondary open-angle glaucoma associated with a high risk of blindness. This disease is characterized by white flaky granular deposits in the anterior chamber that leads to the elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) and subsequent glaucomatous optic nerve damage. Conventionally, XFG is known to respond poorly to medical therapy, and surgical intervention is the only management option in most cases. Various genetic and nongenetic factors are known to be linked to the development of XFG. Despite decades of research on the genetic factors in exfoliation syndrome (XFS) by study groups and global consortia involving different ethnic populations, the pathogenesis of XFS and the mechanism of onset of glaucoma still remains an unsolved mystery. The key lies in understanding how the function of a gene (or set of genes) is altered by environmental triggers, along with other molecular events that underlie the key disease attributes, namely, oxidative stress and the disruption of the blood–aqueous barrier (BAB). It remains a challenge to evolve a theory encompassing all factions of molecular events occurring independently or parallelly that determine the disease manifestation (phenotype) or the stage of the disease in the eye (or in any tissue) in exfoliation. Our enhanced understanding of the underlying molecular pathophysiology of XFG, beyond the known genes or polymorphisms involved in the disease, will lead to improved diagnosis and management and the ability to recognize how the environment influences these key events that lead to the disease phenotype or disease progression. This review summarizes the recent observations and discoveries of four key factors that may hold the answers to the non-lysyl oxidase-like 1 (LOXL1) mechanisms behind XFG pathogenesis, namely, the epigenetic factor miRNA, disordered autophagy along with the potential involvement of mitochondrial mutations, and a compromised aqueous–blood barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munmun Chakraborty
- Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation (HERF), L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India;
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Aparna Rao
- Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation (HERF), L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India;
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
- Correspondence:
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11
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Weber SR, Zhao Y, Ma J, Gates C, da Veiga Leprevost F, Basrur V, Nesvizhskii AI, Gardner TW, Sundstrom JM. A validated analysis pipeline for mass spectrometry-based vitreous proteomics: new insights into proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Clin Proteomics 2021; 18:28. [PMID: 34861815 PMCID: PMC8903510 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-021-09328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitreous is an accessible, information-rich biofluid that has recently been studied as a source of retinal disease-related proteins and pathways. However, the number of samples required to confidently identify perturbed pathways remains unknown. In order to confidently identify these pathways, power analysis must be performed to determine the number of samples required, and sample preparation and analysis must be rigorously defined. Methods Control (n = 27) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (n = 23) vitreous samples were treated as biologically distinct individuals or pooled together and aliquoted into technical replicates. Quantitative mass spectrometry with tandem mass tag labeling was used to identify proteins in individual or pooled control samples to determine technical and biological variability. To determine effect size and perform power analysis, control and proliferative diabetic retinopathy samples were analyzed across four 10-plexes. Pooled samples were used to normalize the data across plexes and generate a single data matrix for downstream analysis. Results The total number of unique proteins identified was 1152 in experiment 1, 989 of which were measured in all samples. In experiment 2, 1191 proteins were identified, 727 of which were measured across all samples in all plexes. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD025986. Spearman correlations of protein abundance estimations revealed minimal technical (0.99–1.00) and biological (0.94–0.98) variability. Each plex contained two unique pooled samples: one for normalizing across each 10-plex, and one to internally validate the normalization algorithm. Spearman correlation of the validation pool following normalization was 0.86–0.90. Principal component analysis revealed stratification of samples by disease and not by plex. Subsequent differential expression and pathway analyses demonstrated significant activation of metabolic pathways and inhibition of neuroprotective pathways in proliferative diabetic retinopathy samples relative to controls. Conclusions This study demonstrates a feasible, rigorous, and scalable method that can be applied to future proteomic studies of vitreous and identifies previously unrecognized metabolic pathways that advance understanding of diabetic retinopathy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12014-021-09328-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Weber
- Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.,Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Yuanjun Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Jingqun Ma
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Christopher Gates
- Bioinformatics Core, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, University of Michigan Medical School, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Felipe da Veiga Leprevost
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Venkatesha Basrur
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alexey I Nesvizhskii
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 100 Washtenaw Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Thomas W Gardner
- Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Sundstrom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA. .,Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
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12
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Sorolla MA, Hidalgo I, Sorolla A, Montal R, Pallisé O, Salud A, Parisi E. Microenvironmental Reactive Oxygen Species in Colorectal Cancer: Involved Processes and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5037. [PMID: 34680186 PMCID: PMC8534037 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Although screening programs have reduced mortality rates, there is a need for research focused on finding the main factors that lead primary CRC to progress and metastasize. During tumor progression, malignant cells modify their habitat, corrupting or transforming cells of different origins and creating the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cells forming the TME like macrophages, neutrophils, and fibroblasts generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that modify the cancer niche. The effects of ROS in cancer are very diverse: they promote cellular proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), evasion of cell death programs, migration, and angiogenesis. Due to the multifaceted role of ROS in cancer cell survival and function, ROS-modulating agents such as antioxidants or pro-oxidants could have therapeutic potential in cancer prevention and/or as a complement to systemic treatments. In this review, we will examine the main ROS producer cells and their effects on cancer progression and metastasis. Furthermore, we will enumerate the latest clinical trials where pro-oxidants and antioxidants have therapeutic uses in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alba Sorolla
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.A.S.); (I.H.); (A.S.); (R.M.); (O.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Ivan Hidalgo
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.A.S.); (I.H.); (A.S.); (R.M.); (O.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Anabel Sorolla
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.A.S.); (I.H.); (A.S.); (R.M.); (O.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Robert Montal
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.A.S.); (I.H.); (A.S.); (R.M.); (O.P.); (A.S.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital (HUAV), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Ona Pallisé
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.A.S.); (I.H.); (A.S.); (R.M.); (O.P.); (A.S.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital (HUAV), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Antonieta Salud
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.A.S.); (I.H.); (A.S.); (R.M.); (O.P.); (A.S.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital (HUAV), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Eva Parisi
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.A.S.); (I.H.); (A.S.); (R.M.); (O.P.); (A.S.)
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13
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Pesce NA, Canovai A, Plastino F, Lardner E, Kvanta A, Cammalleri M, André H, Dal Monte M. An imbalance in autophagy contributes to retinal damage in a rat model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:10480-10493. [PMID: 34623024 PMCID: PMC8581343 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), the abnormal retinal neovascularization is often accompanied by retinal neuronal dysfunction. Here, a rat model of oxygen‐induced retinopathy (OIR), which mimics the ROP disease, was used to investigate changes in the expression of key mediators of autophagy and markers of cell death in the rat retina. In addition, rats were treated from birth to postnatal day 14 and 18 with 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA), an inhibitor of autophagy. Immunoblot and immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that autophagic mechanisms are dysregulated in the retina of OIR rats and indicated a possible correlation between autophagy and necroptosis, but not apoptosis. We found that 3‐MA acts predominantly by reducing autophagic and necroptotic markers in the OIR retinas, having no effects on apoptotic markers. However, 3‐MA does not ameliorate retinal function, which results compromised in this model. Taken together, these results revealed the crucial role of autophagy in retinal cells of OIR rats. Thus, inhibiting autophagy may be viewed as a putative strategy to counteract ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Anna Pesce
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Flavia Plastino
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Emma Lardner
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Anders Kvanta
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Helder André
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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14
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Schiffmann S, Gunne S, Henke M, Ulshöfer T, Steinhilber D, Sethmann A, Parnham MJ. Sodium Bituminosulfonate Used to Treat Rosacea Modulates Generation of Inflammatory Mediators by Primary Human Neutrophils. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:2569-2582. [PMID: 34163212 PMCID: PMC8215909 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s313636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sodium bituminosulfonate is derived from naturally occurring sulphur-rich oil shale and is used for the treatment of the inflammatory skin disease rosacea. Major molecular players in the development of rosacea include the release of enzymes that process antimicrobial peptides which, together with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), promote pro-inflammatory processes and angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to address the molecular mechanism(s) underlying the therapeutic benefit of the formulation sodium bituminosulfonate dry substance (SBDS), which is indicated for the treatment of skin inflammation, including rosacea. Methods We investigated whether SBDS regulates the expression of cytokines, the release of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37, calcium mobilization, proteases (matrix metalloproteinase, elastase, kallikrein (KLK)5), VEGF or ROS in primary human neutrophils. In addition, activity assays with 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and recombinant human MMP9 and KLK5 were performed. Results We observed that SBDS reduces the release of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37, calcium, elastase, ROS and VEGF from neutrophils. Moreover, KLK5, the enzyme that converts cathelicidin to LL-37, and 5-LO that produces leukotriene (LT)A4, the precursor of LTB4, were both inhibited by SBDS with an IC50 of 7.6 µg/mL and 33 µg/mL, respectively. Conclusion Since LTB4 induces LL-37 which, in turn, promotes increased intracellular calcium levels and thereby, ROS/VEGF/elastase release, SBDS possibly regulates the LTB4/LL-37/calcium – ROS/VEGF/elastase axis by inhibiting 5-LO and KLK5. Additional direct effects on other pro-inflammatory pathways such as ROS generation cannot be ruled out. In summary, SBDS reduces the generation of inflammatory mediators from human neutrophils possibly accounting for its anti-inflammatory effects in rosacea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Schiffmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Frankfurt am Main, 60596, Germany.,Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
| | - Sandra Gunne
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Frankfurt am Main, 60596, Germany.,Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
| | - Marina Henke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Frankfurt am Main, 60596, Germany
| | - Thomas Ulshöfer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Frankfurt am Main, 60596, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Frankfurt am Main, 60596, Germany
| | - Annette Sethmann
- ICHTHYOL-GESELLSCHAFT Cordes, Hermanni & Co. (GmbH & Co.) KG, Hamburg, 22335, Germany
| | - Michael J Parnham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Frankfurt am Main, 60596, Germany
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15
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Ye L, Kollie L, Liu X, Guo W, Ying X, Zhu J, Yang S, Yu M. Antitumor Activity and Potential Mechanism of Novel Fullerene Derivative Nanoparticles. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113252. [PMID: 34071369 PMCID: PMC8198614 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of novel nanoparticles as a new generation therapeutic drug platform is an active field of chemistry and cancer research. In recent years, fullerene nanoparticles have received extensive attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Properly modified fullerene nanoparticles have excellent biocompatibility and significant anti-tumor activity, which makes them have broad application prospects in the field of cancer therapy. Therefore, understanding the anti-tumor mechanism of fullerene nanoparticles is of great significance for the design and development of anti-tumor drugs with low toxicity and high targeting. This review has focused on various anti-tumor mechanisms of fullerene derivatives and discusses their toxicity and their distribution in organisms. Finally, the review points out some urgent problems that need solution before fullerene derivatives as a new generation of anti-tumor nano-drug platform enter clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianjie Ye
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (L.Y.); (L.K.); (X.L.); (W.G.)
- Shaoxing Academy of Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Shaoxing 312030, China;
| | - Larwubah Kollie
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (L.Y.); (L.K.); (X.L.); (W.G.)
| | - Xing Liu
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (L.Y.); (L.K.); (X.L.); (W.G.)
| | - Wei Guo
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (L.Y.); (L.K.); (X.L.); (W.G.)
| | - Xiangxian Ying
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China;
| | - Jun Zhu
- Hangzhou Wahaha Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China;
| | - Shengjie Yang
- Shaoxing Academy of Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Shaoxing 312030, China;
- Hangzhou Wahaha Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China;
| | - Meilan Yu
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (L.Y.); (L.K.); (X.L.); (W.G.)
- Shaoxing Academy of Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Shaoxing 312030, China;
- Correspondence:
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16
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Stuani AS, Silvano PRÁ, Arnez MFM, Mira PCDS, Gorita MC, Monteiro PM, Marsumoto MAN, Hirata MH, Menezes LMD, Stuani MBS. VEGF and FGF-2 Released In Palatal Suture after Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME). Braz Dent J 2021; 32:98-103. [PMID: 33914010 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202103527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) have the ability to increase vascular proliferation and permeability. The aim of this study was to quantify the release of two diffusible angiogenic growth factors (VEGF and FGF-2) after rapid maxillary expansion (RME). Thirty animals were randomly assigned to two groups. Control group (5 rats - intact suture) and Experimental groups (25 rats with RME) which were evaluated in different periods of treatment. Five animals were euthanized in different periods of healing at 0, 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 days after RME. RT-PCR was used to evaluate the gene expression of angiogenic growth factors released on different periods of study. Data were submitted to statistical analysis using ANOVA followed by Tukey test and significance was assumed at a=0.05. RT-PCR showed that mRNAs of VEGF and FGF-2 were expressed in intact palatal suture tissue. mRNAs of VEGF and FGF-2 was upregulated in early periods (24 h) after RME (p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively). The molecular levels of VEGF never returned to its original baseline values, and FGF-2 expression decreased up to day 5 (p<0.001) and suddenly increased at day 7, returning to its original level. RME increased VEGF secretion, but decreased FGF-2 secretion when compared to intact tissue. The results showed that these angiogenic growth factors are released and regulated in the palatal suture tissue after RME and could make an important contribution to the knowledge of overall reparative response of the suture tissue during the bone remodeling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Sasso Stuani
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Regina Ávila Silvano
- Department of Orthodontic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maya Fernanda Manfrin Arnez
- Department of Orthodontic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paôla Caroline da Silva Mira
- Department of Orthodontic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Cecília Gorita
- Department of Orthodontic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Maria Monteiro
- Department of Orthodontic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mirian Aiko Nakame Marsumoto
- Department of Orthodontic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario Hiroshi Hirata
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane Macedo de Menezes
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Program - School of Health and Life Sciences, PUCRS - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Bernadete Sasso Stuani
- Department of Orthodontic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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Arablou T, Aryaeian N, Khodaverdi S, Kolahdouz-Mohammadi R, Moradi Z, Rashidi N, Delbandi AA. The effects of resveratrol on the expression of VEGF, TGF-β, and MMP-9 in endometrial stromal cells of women with endometriosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6054. [PMID: 33723310 PMCID: PMC7961000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85512-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a phytochemical with anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The present study has evaluated the effect of resveratrol on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as factors related to endometriosis progression. Thirteen eutopic (EuESCs) and 8 ectopic (EESCs) endometrial stromal cells from women with endometriosis and 11 control endometrial stromal cells (CESCs) were treated with resveratrol (100 µM) for 6, 24 and 48 h. The gene and protein expression levels of VEGF, TGF-β, and MMP-9 were measured using real-time PCR and ELISA methods, respectively. Results showed that the basal gene and protein expression of VEGF and MMP-9 were higher in EESCs compared to EuESCs and CESCs (P < 0.01 to < 0.001 and P < 0.05 to < 0.01 respectively). Also, resveratrol treatment decreased the gene and protein expression of VEGF and MMP-9 in EuESCs, EESCs and CESCs (P < 0.05 to < 0.01 and P < 0.05 to < 0.01 respectively) and gene and protein expression of TGF-β in EESCs and EuESCs (P < 0.05 to < 0.01). The effect of resveratrol in reduction of VEGF gene expression was statistically more noticeable in EESCs compared to EuESCs and CESCs (P < 0.05). According to the findings, resveratrol may ameliorate endometriosis progression through reducing the expression of VEGF, TGF-β, and MMP-9 in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Arablou
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naheed Aryaeian
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Khodaverdi
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Endometriosis Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Kolahdouz-Mohammadi
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Moradi
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nesa Rashidi
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali-Akbar Delbandi
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Immunology Research Center, Immunology and Infectious Disease Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Associations between the Complement System and Choroidal Neovascularization in Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249752. [PMID: 33371261 PMCID: PMC7765894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness affecting the elderly in the Western world. The most severe form of AMD, wet AMD (wAMD), is characterized by choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and acute vision loss. The current treatment for these patients comprises monthly intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibodies, but this treatment is expensive, uncomfortable for the patient, and only effective in some individuals. AMD is a complex disease that has strong associations with the complement system. All three initiating complement pathways may be relevant in CNV formation, but most evidence indicates a major role for the alternative pathway (AP) and for the terminal complement complex, as well as certain complement peptides generated upon complement activation. Since the complement system is associated with AMD and CNV, a complement inhibitor may be a therapeutic option for patients with wAMD. The aim of this review is to (i) reflect on the possible complement targets in the context of wAMD pathology, (ii) investigate the results of prior clinical trials with complement inhibitors for wAMD patients, and (iii) outline important considerations when developing a future strategy for the treatment of wAMD.
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Stewart CE, Holt AG, Altschuler RA, Cacace AT, Hall CD, Murnane OD, King WM, Akin FW. Effects of Noise Exposure on the Vestibular System: A Systematic Review. Front Neurol 2020; 11:593919. [PMID: 33324332 PMCID: PMC7723874 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.593919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite our understanding of the impact of noise-induced damage to the auditory system, much less is known about the impact of noise exposure on the vestibular system. In this article, we review the anatomical, physiological, and functional evidence for noise-induced damage to peripheral and central vestibular structures. Morphological studies in several animal models have demonstrated cellular damage throughout the peripheral vestibular system and particularly in the otolith organs; however, there is a paucity of data on the effect of noise exposure on human vestibular end organs. Physiological studies have corroborated morphological studies by demonstrating disruption across vestibular pathways with otolith-mediated pathways impacted more than semicircular canal-mediated pathways. Similar to the temporary threshold shifts observed in the auditory system, physiological studies in animals have suggested a capacity for recovery following noise-induced vestibular damage. Human studies have demonstrated that diminished sacculo-collic responses are related to the severity of noise-induced hearing loss, and dose-dependent vestibular deficits following noise exposure have been corroborated in animal models. Further work is needed to better understand the physiological and functional consequences of noise-induced vestibular impairment in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Elaine Stewart
- University of Michigan Department of Otolaryngology/Head-Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Research Service, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Avril Genene Holt
- Department of Ophthalmology Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.,John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Molecular Anatomy of Central Sensory Systems Laboratory, Research Service, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Richard A Altschuler
- University of Michigan Department of Otolaryngology/Head-Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Research Service, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Anthony Thomas Cacace
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Courtney D Hall
- Department of Rehabilitative Sciences, Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.,Gait and Balance Research Laboratory, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Mountain Home, TN, United States
| | - Owen D Murnane
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.,Vestibular Research Laboratory, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Mountain Home, TN, United States
| | - W Michael King
- University of Michigan Department of Otolaryngology/Head-Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Faith W Akin
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.,Vestibular Research Laboratory, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Mountain Home, TN, United States
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20
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Xia JP, Liu SQ, Wang S. Intravitreal conbercept improves outcome of proliferative diabetic retinopathy through inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress. Life Sci 2020; 265:118795. [PMID: 33227274 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Conbercept is a newly-developed anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drug. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of conbercept on inflammation and oxidative response in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Morphology changes in retinal microvasculature of PDR patients were determined by optical coherence tomographic angiography (OCTA). The mice were injected with streptozocin (STZ) for 20 weeks to induced PDR, then the changes in inflammatory factors, oxidative response and histological analysis were examined with Elisa assay, real time-PCR and commercial kits analysis. Conbercept treatment significantly alleviated the retinal pathological changes and significantly reduced intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1), IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α protein levels but not prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a) levels, all of which were remarkably elevated in aqueous fluid of PDR patients compared with non-PDR subjects. Meanwhile the inhibitory effects of conbercept on these inflammatory factors were proved by RT-PCR assays in mice experiments. And the inflammatory signal such as p-IKBα and p-p65 was correspondingly inhibited by conbercept in STZ-treated mice. Conbercept treatment significantly elevated the aqueous glutathione level of PDR patients and inhibited NOX-1, NOX-4 and ph22phox mRNA expressions and ROS production of PDR mice. Ki67 immunofluorescence staining showed that conbercept inhibited endothelial cell proliferation in retina of PDR mice. In conclusion, conbercept significantly inhibited the angiogenesis, inflammation and oxidative response in PDR mice, and these findings further reveals the molecular mechanisms of conbercept in treating PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aier Eye Hospital (Shenyang), Shenyang 110005, China
| | - Sheng-Qiang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China.
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21
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Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1: A Potential Target to Treat Acute Lung Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8871476. [PMID: 33282113 PMCID: PMC7685819 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8871476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is an acute hypoxic respiratory insufficiency caused by various intra- and extrapulmonary injury factors. Presently, excessive inflammation in the lung and the apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells are considered to be the key factors in the pathogenesis of ALI. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is an oxygen-dependent conversion activator that is closely related to the activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS). HIF-1 has been shown to play an important role in ALI and can be used as a potential therapeutic target for ALI. This manuscript will introduce the progress of HIF-1 in ALI and explore the feasibility of applying inhibitors of HIF-1 to ALI, which brings hope for the treatment of ALI.
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Abstract
Azelaic Acid (AA) is a naturally occurring 9-carbon straight-chain saturated dicarboxylic
acid widely found in wheat, rye, and barley. It has been shown to possess numerous biochemical
activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, antioxidant, anticomedolytic and anticancer.
This therapeutic agent has been approved by US food Drug Administration for the treatment of mild
to moderate acne and rosacea. Further, azelaic acid has been reported for the management of skin
hyperpigmentation, melasma and alopecia. In this review article, several studies on azelaic acid that
pointed out its bioactivities and pharmacology along with its drug delivery systems are reviewed.
Additionally, an outlook on its mechanism of action is also given. Azelaic acid is an important moiety
for the management of acne owing to its benefits in addressing follicular excess sebum, inflammatory
action, hyperproliferation and activity against Propionibacterium acne. The commercially
available topical formulations normally contain 15 to 20% AA. In the future, a broadspectrum antibacterial
agent, azelaic acid can act as a pillar in acne therapy minimizing the potential risk of
emergence of resistance. This review will definitely provide a new perspective for research involving
this bioactive molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, 125001, India
| | - Rekha Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, 125001, India
| | - Poonam Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
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Ma Z, Liu J, Li J, Jiang H, Kong J. Klotho Levels are Decreased and Associated with Enhanced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Aqueous Humor in Patients with Exudative Age-related Macular Degeneration. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2020; 30:630-637. [PMID: 33048602 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2020.1828488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate anti-aging protein klotho levels in the aqueous humor and its association with oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS Levels of klotho, oxidative, and antioxidative stress markers, and proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers in the aqueous humor from 28 patients with exudative AMD and 35 age-matched controls were measured. RESULTS Patients with AMD had lower levels of klotho, which were negatively correlated with macular lesion size. Patients with AMD also exhibited increased levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and interleukin (IL)-6 but not tumor necrosis factor‑α, and decreased levels of total antioxidant status (TAS) and IL-10. Moreover, levels of klotho were negatively correlated with levels of 8-OHdG and IL-6, but positively correlated with levels of TSA and IL-10. CONCLUSION Klotho levels in the aqueous humor are decreased and associated with oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with exudative AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxu Ma
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Lens Research, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Li
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Kong
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Lens Research, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Heme Oxygenase-1 in Central Nervous System Malignancies. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051562. [PMID: 32455831 PMCID: PMC7290325 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system tumors are the most common pediatric solid tumors and account for 20–25% of all childhood malignancies. Several lines of evidence suggest that brain tumors show altered redox homeostasis that triggers the activation of various survival pathways, leading to disease progression and chemoresistance. Among these pathways, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) plays an important role. HO-1 catalyzes the enzymatic degradation of heme with the simultaneous release of carbon monoxide (CO), ferrous iron (Fe2+), and biliverdin. The biological effects of HO-1 in tumor cells have been shown to be cell-specific since, in some tumors, its upregulation promotes cell cycle arrest and cellular death, whereas, in other neoplasms, it is associated with tumor survival and progression. This review focuses on the role of HO-1 in central nervous system malignancies and the possibility of exploiting such a target to improve the outcome of well-established therapeutic regimens. Finally, several studies show that HO-1 overexpression is involved in the development and resistance of brain tumors to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, suggesting the use of HO-1 as an innovative therapeutic target to overcome drug resistance. The following keywords were used to search the literature related to this topic: nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2, heme oxygenase, neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, meningioma, astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, glioblastoma multiforme, and gliomas.
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25
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Does Diabetes Induce the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Expression in Periodontal Tissues? A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082765. [PMID: 32316357 PMCID: PMC7215273 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Diabetes and periodontal disease are both chronic pathological conditions linked by several underlying biological mechanisms, in which the inflammatory response plays a critical role, and their association has been largely recognized. Recently, attention has been given to diabetes as an important mediator of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) overexpression in periodontal tissues, by virtue of its ability to affect microvasculature. This review aims to summarize the findings from studies that explored VEGF expression in diabetic patients with periodontitis, compared to periodontally healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A PubMed search of select medical subject heading (MeSH) terms was carried out to identify all studies reporting findings about VEGF expression in periodontal tissues of diabetic patients up to May 2018. The inclusion criteria were studies on VEGF expression in periodontally diseased tissues of diabetic patients compared with nondiabetic subjects, with any method of analysis, and published in the English language. Results: Eight articles met the inclusion criteria. Immunohistochemistry was used in six of the studies, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) aiming to quantify mRNA VEGF expression was used in one study, and ELISA analysis was used for one study. Compared with nondiabetic patients, a higher VEGF expression in gingival tissue and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples in diabetic patients with periodontitis was reported. Conclusions: Overall, novel evidence for the VEGF expression within the periodontal tissue of diabetic patients paves the way for further studies on the role of this protein in neovascularization physiology and pathophysiology in microvasculature of the periodontium.
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26
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Leikauf GD, Kim SH, Jang AS. Mechanisms of ultrafine particle-induced respiratory health effects. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:329-337. [PMID: 32203100 PMCID: PMC7156674 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is the principal component of air pollution. PM includes a range of particle sizes, such as coarse, fine, and ultrafine particles. Particles that are <100 nm in diameter are defined as ultrafine particles (UFPs). UFPs are found to a large extent in urban air as both singlet and aggregated particles. UFPs are classified into two major categories based on their source. Typically, UFPs are incidentally generated in the environment, often as byproducts of fossil fuel combustion, condensation of semivolatile substances or industrial emissions, whereas nanoparticles are manufactured through controlled engineering processes. The primary exposure mechanism of PM is inhalation. Inhalation of PM exacerbates respiratory symptoms in patients with chronic airway diseases, but the mechanisms underlying this response remain unclear. This review offers insights into the mechanisms by which particles, including UFPs, influence airway inflammation and discusses several mechanisms that may explain the relationship between particulate air pollutants and human health, particularly respiratory health. Understanding the mechanisms of PM-mediated lung injury will enhance efforts to protect at-risk individuals from the harmful health effects of air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- George D Leikauf
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Sang-Heon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - An-Soo Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Eamegdool SS, Sitiwin EI, Cioanca AV, Madigan MC. Extracellular matrix and oxidative stress regulate human retinal pigment epithelium growth. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 146:357-371. [PMID: 31751761 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common cause of vision loss with ageing, is characterised by degeneration of the photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) underlying the RPE. The pathogenesis of AMD is still not fully understood. In this study we investigated the in vitro growth and function of primary human RPE cells in response to different ECM substrates, including nitrite-modified ECM. We initially confirmed the presence of disorganised retinal glial and photoreceptor cells, marked retinal cytoplasmic and Bruch's membrane expression of nitro-tyrosine (an oxidative stress marker) and increased numbers of Iba1+ macrophages/microglia in human donor eye sections (aged and AMD) using multi-marker immunohistochemistry (n = 3). Concurrently, we utilised two-photon microscopy to reveal topographical changes in flatmounts of RPE-associated ECM and in the underlying choroid of aged and AMD donor eyes (n = 3). To recapitulate these observations in vitro, we then used primary human RPE cells to investigate how different ECM proteins, including nitrite cross-linked RPE-secreted ECM, modified RPE cell growth and function. Collagen I or IV increased RPE attachment and spreading two-to three-fold, associated with significantly increased cell migration and proliferation, consistent with a preferential interaction with these matrix substrates. Primary human RPE cells grown on collagen I and IV also showed increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, MCP-1 and IL-8. Nitrite-modification of RPE-secreted ECM (simulating ageing of Bruch's membrane) significantly reduced in vitro RPE attachment to the ECM and this was mitigated with collagen IV coating of the modified ECM. Taken together, our observations confirm the importance of RPE-ECM interactions for normal RPE growth and function, and for inducing RPE secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, the findings are consistent with ageing and/or oxidative stress-induced disruption of RPE-ECM interactions contributing to the pathogenesis of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven S Eamegdool
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, 2000, Australia; Eye Genetics Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, 2145, Australia.
| | - Ephrem I Sitiwin
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, 2000, Australia; School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW, 2052, Australia; Biomedical Imaging Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Adrian V Cioanca
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, 2000, Australia; The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Michele C Madigan
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, 2000, Australia; School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW, 2052, Australia.
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28
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Cao J, Yang R, Smith TE, Evans S, McCollum GW, Pomerantz SC, Petley T, Harris IR, Penn JS. Human Umbilical Tissue-Derived Cells Secrete Soluble VEGFR1 and Inhibit Choroidal Neovascularization. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2019; 14:37-46. [PMID: 31276010 PMCID: PMC6586593 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD), characterized by choroidal neovascularization (CNV), is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in developed countries. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs are the standard treatment for AMD, but they have limitations. Cell therapy is a promising approach for ocular diseases, and it is being developed in the clinic for the treatment of retinal degeneration, including AMD. We previously showed that subretinal injection of human umbilical tissue-derived cells (hUTCs) in a rodent model of retinal degeneration preserved photoreceptors and visual function through rescue of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell phagocytosis. Here we investigated the effect of hUTCs on a rat model of laser-induced CNV and on a human RPE cell line, ARPE-19, for VEGF production. We demonstrate that subretinal injection of hUTCs significantly inhibited CNV and lowered choroidal VEGF in vivo. VEGF release from ARPE-19 decreased when co-cultured with hUTCs. Soluble VEGF receptor 1 (sVEGFR1) is identified as the only factor in hUTC conditioned medium (CM) that binds to VEGF. The level of exogenous recombinant VEGF in hUTC CM was dramatically reduced and could be recovered with sVEGFR1-neutralizing antibody. This suggests that hUTC inhibits angiogenesis through the secretion of sVEGFR1 and could serve as a novel treatment for angiogenic ocular diseases, including AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cao
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Taylor E Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Stephanie Evans
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Gary W McCollum
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Theodore Petley
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Ian R Harris
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - John S Penn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Xia JP, Wang S, Zhang JS. The anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of conbercept in treatment of macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 508:1264-1270. [PMID: 30558792 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of conbercept on inflammatory and oxidative response in macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO-ME). Retinal microvasculature were detected by optical coherence tomographic angiography (OCTA). The inflammation related factors including prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1) were determined in human and mice with RVO-ME. OCTA images showed that capillary non-perfusion, enlargement of the foveal avascular zone, telangiectatic vessels and some forms of intraretinal edema in RVO-ME and all these were alleviated by conbercept treatment. PGE1, PGE2, PGF2a, ICAM-1 and MIP-1 in aqueous fluid extracted from RVO-ME patients was significantly increased compared with non-RVO subjects, intravitreal injection of conbercept partly reduced ICAM-1 and MIP-1 levels but not PGE1, PGE2 and PGF2a. The glutathione level was reduced in aqueous fluid extracted from RVO-ME patients but was restored after conbercept treatment. The inflammation, angiogenesis and ROS generation was increased in RVO-ME mice, conbercept partly inhibited these effects. Mechanistically, conbercept inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), ICAM-1, MIP-1, NOX-1 and NOX-4 protein expressions, but not PGE1, PGE2 and PGF2a expressions. Conbercept alleviates RVO-ME through inhibiting inflammation, angiogenesis and oxidative responses. These findings further reveals the molecular mechanism of conbercept for treatment of RVO-ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Eye Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110005, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Shenyang Aier Eye Hospital, Shenyang, 110043, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Eye Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110005, China.
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30
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Kong DQ, Li L, Liu Y, Zheng GY. Association between endoplasmic reticulum stress and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:1704-1710. [PMID: 30364130 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.10.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common and challenging ocular complications of diabetes mellitus. As a chronic, progressive ocular disease that poses a serious threat to vision, DR has gradually become a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Emerging evidence points to an important role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in not only maintaining the steady-state equilibrium in the body, but also in intracellular synthesis, protein folding, and other essential functions. Recent studies have demonstrated clear associations between ER stress-related physiological functions and the pathogenesis of DR. When cells are stimulated by external stimuli, UPR pathway is activated firstly to protect it. However, long-term harmful factors can induce ER stress. which interferes with the physiological metabolism of retinal cells and participates in the occurrence of DR via the ATF6 pathway, PERK pathway and IRE1 pathway. At present, ER stress blocker is expected to become a new anti-DR therapy. Thus, understanding the relationship between ER stress and DR will help to develop new effective preventative treatments. In this review, we summarize the risk factors of DR pathogenesis induced by ER stress toward revealing potentially new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Qian Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Guang-Ying Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
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31
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Kaur R, Kaur M, Singh J. Endothelial dysfunction and platelet hyperactivity in type 2 diabetes mellitus: molecular insights and therapeutic strategies. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:121. [PMID: 30170601 PMCID: PMC6117983 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0763-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus is rapidly increasing worldwide at an alarming rate. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most prevalent form of diabetes, accounting for approximately 90-95% of the total diabetes cases worldwide. Besides affecting the ability of body to use glucose, it is associated with micro-vascular and macro-vascular complications. Augmented atherosclerosis is documented to be the key factor leading to vascular complications in T2DM patients. The metabolic milieu of T2DM, including insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and release of excess free fatty acids, along with other metabolic abnormalities affects vascular wall by a series of events including endothelial dysfunction, platelet hyperactivity, oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation. Activation of these events further enhances vasoconstriction and promotes thrombus formation, ultimately resulting in the development of atherosclerosis. All these evidences are supported by the clinical trials reporting the importance of endothelial dysfunction and platelet hyperactivity in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic vascular complications. In this review, an attempt has been made to comprehensively compile updated information available in context of endothelial and platelet dysfunction in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raminderjit Kaur
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Jatinder Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
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Wert KJ, Velez G, Cross MR, Wagner BA, Teoh-Fitzgerald ML, Buettner GR, McAnany JJ, Olivier A, Tsang SH, Harper MM, Domann FE, Bassuk AG, Mahajan VB. Extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) regulates oxidative stress at the vitreoretinal interface. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:408-419. [PMID: 29940351 PMCID: PMC6233711 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a pathogenic feature in vitreoretinal disease. However, the ability of the inner retina to manage metabolic waste and oxidative stress is unknown. Proteomic analysis of antioxidants in the human vitreous, the extracellular matrix opposing the inner retina, identified superoxide dismutase-3 (SOD3) that localized to a unique matrix structure in the vitreous base and cortex. To determine the role of SOD3, Sod3-/- mice underwent histological and clinical phenotyping. Although the eyes were structurally normal, at the vitreoretinal interface Sod3-/- mice demonstrated higher levels of 3-nitrotyrosine, a key marker of oxidative stress. Pattern electroretinography also showed physiological signaling abnormalities within the inner retina. Vitreous biopsies and epiretinal membranes collected from patients with diabetic vitreoretinopathy (DVR) and a mouse model of DVR showed significantly higher levels of nitrates and/or 3-nitrotyrosine oxidative stress biomarkers suggestive of SOD3 dysfunction. This study analyzes the molecular pathways that regulate oxidative stress in human vitreous substructures. The absence or dysregulation of the SOD3 antioxidant at the vitreous base and cortex results in increased oxidative stress and tissue damage to the inner retina, which may underlie DVR pathogenesis and other vitreoretinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Wert
- Byers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States; Omics Laboratory, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Gabriel Velez
- Byers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States; Omics Laboratory, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Madeline R Cross
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Brett A Wagner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Melissa L Teoh-Fitzgerald
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Garry R Buettner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - J Jason McAnany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alicia Olivier
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Stephen H Tsang
- Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory and Barbara & Donald Jonas Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology & Cell Biology, and Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Matthew M Harper
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Department of Veterans Affairs Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, United States; Veterans Affairs Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Frederick E Domann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Alexander G Bassuk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Vinit B Mahajan
- Byers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States; Omics Laboratory, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States; Palo Alto Veterans Administration, Palo Alto, CA, United States.
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Dual oxidase 2 and pancreatic adenocarcinoma: IFN-γ-mediated dual oxidase 2 overexpression results in H2O2-induced, ERK-associated up-regulation of HIF-1α and VEGF-A. Oncotarget 2018; 7:68412-68433. [PMID: 27637085 PMCID: PMC5340089 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several NADPH oxidase family members, including dual oxidase 2 [DUOX2], are expressed in human tumors, particularly gastrointestinal cancers associated with long-standing chronic inflammation. We found previously that exposure of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells to the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ increased DUOX2 expression (but not other NADPH oxidases) leading to long-lived H2O2 production. To elucidate the pathophysiology of DUOX2-mediated H2O2 formation in the pancreas further, we demonstrate here that IFN-γ-treated BxPC-3 and CFPAC-1 pancreatic cancer cells (known to increase DUOX2 expression) produce significant levels of intracellular oxidants and extracellular H2O2 which correlate with concomitant up-regulation of VEGF-A and HIF-1α transcription. These changes are not observed in the PANC-1 line that does not increase DUOX2 expression following IFN-γ treatment. DUOX2 knockdown with short interfering RNA significantly decreased IFN-γ-induced VEGF-A or HIF-1α up-regulation, as did treatment of pancreatic cancer cells with the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenylene iodonium, the multifunctional reduced thiol N-acetylcysteine, and the polyethylene glycol-modified form of the hydrogen peroxide detoxifying enzyme catalase. Increased DUOX2-related VEGF-A expression appears to result from reactive oxygen-mediated activation of ERK signaling that is responsible for AP-1-related transcriptional effects on the VEGF-A promoter. To clarify the relevance of these observations in vivo, we demonstrate that many human pre-malignant pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms and frank pancreatic cancers express substantial levels of DUOX protein compared to histologically normal pancreatic tissues, and that expression of both DUOX2 and VEGF-A mRNAs is significantly increased in surgically-resected pancreatic cancers compared to the adjacent normal pancreas.
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Badieyan ZS, Hoseini SS. Improvement of Rosacea During Acyclovir Treatment: A Case Report. Am J Clin Dermatol 2017; 18:845-846. [PMID: 28733947 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-017-0315-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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André-Lévigne D, Modarressi A, Pepper MS, Pittet-Cuénod B. Reactive Oxygen Species and NOX Enzymes Are Emerging as Key Players in Cutaneous Wound Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102149. [PMID: 29036938 PMCID: PMC5666831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the role of oxygen in cell physiology has evolved from its long-recognized importance as an essential factor in oxidative metabolism to its recognition as an important player in cell signaling. With regard to the latter, oxygen is needed for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which regulate a number of different cellular functions including differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and contraction. Data specifically concerning the role of ROS-dependent signaling in cutaneous wound repair are very limited, especially regarding wound contraction. In this review we provide an overview of the current literature on the role of molecular and reactive oxygen in the physiology of wound repair as well as in the pathophysiology and therapy of chronic wounds, especially under ischemic and hyperglycemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik André-Lévigne
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Ali Modarressi
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Michael S Pepper
- Department of Human Genetics and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.
- SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
| | - Brigitte Pittet-Cuénod
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
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Meng HZ, Ni XF, Yu HN, Wang SS, Shen SR. Effects of astaxanthin on oxidative stress induced by Cu 2+ in prostate cells. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2017; 18:161-171. [PMID: 28124844 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1500296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AST), a carotenoid molecule extensively found in marine organisms and increasingly used as a dietary supplement, has been reported to have beneficial effects against oxidative stress. In the current paper, the effects of AST on viability of prostate cells were investigated by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay; cell apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined by flow cytometry; the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was measured by fluorospectrophotometer; and activities of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were evaluated by a detection kit. The results show that copper ion (Cu2+) induced apoptosis, along with the accumulation of intracellular ROS and MDA, in both prostate cell lines (RWPE-1 and PC-3). AST treatments could decrease the MDA levels, increase MMP, and keep ROS stable in RWPE-1 cell line. An addition of AST decreased the SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT activities in PC-3 cell line treated with Cu2+, but had a contrary reaction in RWPE-1 cell lines. In conclusion, AST could contribute to protecting RWPE-1 cells against Cu2+-induced injuries but could cause damage to the antioxidant enzyme system in PC-3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Zhou Meng
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Ni
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hai-Ning Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shan-Shan Wang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sheng-Rong Shen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Mitra RN, Gao R, Zheng M, Wu MJ, Voinov MA, Smirnov AI, Smirnova TI, Wang K, Chavala S, Han Z. Glycol Chitosan Engineered Autoregenerative Antioxidant Significantly Attenuates Pathological Damages in Models of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. ACS NANO 2017; 11:4669-4685. [PMID: 28463509 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the foremost cause of irreversible blindness in people over the age of 65 especially in developing countries. Therefore, an exploration of effective and alternative therapeutic interventions is an unmet medical need. It has been established that oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of AMD, and hence, neutralizing oxidative stress is an effective therapeutic strategy for treatment of this serious disorder. Owing to autoregenerative properties, nanoceria has been widely used as a nonenzymatic antioxidant in the treatment of oxidative stress related disorders. Yet, its potential clinical implementation has been greatly hampered by its poor water solubility and lack of reliable tracking methodologies/processes and hence poor absorption, distribution, and targeted delivery. The water solubility and surface engineering of a drug with biocompatible motifs are fundamental to pharmaceutical products and precision medicine. Here, we report an engineered water-soluble, biocompatible, trackable nanoceria with enriched antioxidant activity to scavenge intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Experimental studies with in vitro and in vivo models demonstrated that this antioxidant is autoregenerative and more active in inhibiting laser-induced choroidal neovascularization by decreasing ROS-induced pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, cumulative oxidative damage, and recruitment of endothelial precursor cells without exhibiting any toxicity. This advanced formulation may offer a superior therapeutic effect to deal with oxidative stress induced pathogeneses, such as AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruijuan Gao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, China
| | | | | | - Maxim A Voinov
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Alex I Smirnov
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Tatyana I Smirnova
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | | | - Sai Chavala
- North Texas Eye Research Institute at University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, Texas 76107, United States
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Liu J, Li Y, Liu L, Wang Z, Shi C, Cheng Z, Zhang X, Ding F, Chen PS. Double Knockdown of PHD1 and Keap1 Attenuated Hypoxia-Induced Injuries in Hepatocytes. Front Physiol 2017; 8:291. [PMID: 28539891 PMCID: PMC5423937 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Hypoxia and oxidative stress contribute toward liver fibrosis. In this experiment, we used small hairpin RNA (shRNA) to interfere with the intracellular oxygen sensor—prolyl hydroxylase 1 (PHD1) and the intracellular oxidative stress sensor—kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 (Keap1) in the hypoxic hepatocytes in order to investigate the function of PHD1and Keap1. Methods: We first established the CCl4-induced liver fibrosis model, subsequently, the levels of the PHD1, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α), Keap1, and nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were detected in liver tissues. Simultaneously, AML12 cells co-transfected with PHD1 and Keap1shRNAs were constructed in vitro, then the intracellular oxidative stress, the proportion of cells undergoing apoptosis, and cell viability were measured. The expression of pro-fibrogenic molecules were analyzed via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. The level of alpha-1 type I collagen (COL1A1) was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Finally, serum-free “conditioned medium” (CM) from the supernatant of hypoxic AML12 hepatocytes was used to culture rat hepatic stellate cells (HSC-T6), and the levels of fibrosis-related molecules, apoptosis, and cell proliferation were determined. Results: The marker of hypoxia—HIF-1α and HIF-2α in the livers with fibrosis were upregulated, however, the increase in PHD1 expression was not statistically significant in comparison to the control group. Sign of oxidative stress—Keap1 was increased, while the expression of Nrf2, one of the Keap1 main downstream molecules, was reduced in the hepatocytes. And in vitro, the double-knockdown of PHD1 and Keap1 in AML12 hepatocytes presented with decreased hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis, furthermore, these hypoxic AML12 cells showed the increased cell viability and the doweregulated expression of pro-fibrogenic molecules. In addition, HSC-T6 cells cultured in the hypoxic double-knockdown CM demonstrated the downregulation of fibrosis-related molecules, diminished cell proliferation, and enhanced apoptosis. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that double-knockdown of PHD1 and Keap1 attenuated hypoxia and oxidative stress induced injury in the hepatocytes, and subsequently inhibited HSC activation, which offers a novel therapeutic strategy in the prophylaxis and treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Yiping Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Chuanbing Shi
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Zhengyuan Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Fengan Ding
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Ping Sheng Chen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
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Juhasz A, Markel S, Gaur S, Liu H, Lu J, Jiang G, Wu X, Antony S, Wu Y, Melillo G, Meitzler JL, Haines DC, Butcher D, Roy K, Doroshow JH. NADPH oxidase 1 supports proliferation of colon cancer cells by modulating reactive oxygen species-dependent signal transduction. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:7866-7887. [PMID: 28330872 PMCID: PMC5427267 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.768283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical role in cell signaling and proliferation. NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1), a membrane-bound flavin dehydrogenase that generates O2˙̄, is highly expressed in colon cancer. To investigate the role that NOX1 plays in colon cancer growth, we used shRNA to decrease NOX1 expression stably in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. The 80–90% decrease in NOX1 expression achieved by RNAi produced a significant decline in ROS production and a G1/S block that translated into a 2–3-fold increase in tumor cell doubling time without increased apoptosis. The block at the G1/S checkpoint was associated with a significant decrease in cyclin D1 expression and profound inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Decreased steady-state MAPK phosphorylation occurred concomitant with a significant increase in protein phosphatase activity for two colon cancer cell lines in which NOX1 expression was knocked down by RNAi. Diminished NOX1 expression also contributed to decreased growth, blood vessel density, and VEGF and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) expression in HT-29 xenografts initiated from NOX1 knockdown cells. Microarray analysis, supplemented by real-time PCR and Western blotting, revealed that the expression of critical regulators of cell proliferation and angiogenesis, including c-MYC, c-MYB, and VEGF, were down-regulated in association with a decline in hypoxic HIF-1α protein expression downstream of silenced NOX1 in both colon cancer cell lines and xenografts. These studies suggest a role for NOX1 in maintaining the proliferative phenotype of some colon cancers and the potential of NOX1 as a therapeutic target in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Juhasz
- From the Developmental Therapeutics Branch of the Center for Cancer Research
| | - Susan Markel
- the Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research and
| | - Shikha Gaur
- the Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research and
| | - Han Liu
- the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Jiamo Lu
- From the Developmental Therapeutics Branch of the Center for Cancer Research
| | - Guojian Jiang
- From the Developmental Therapeutics Branch of the Center for Cancer Research
| | - Xiwei Wu
- the Bioinformatics Group, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010
| | - Smitha Antony
- From the Developmental Therapeutics Branch of the Center for Cancer Research
| | - Yongzhong Wu
- From the Developmental Therapeutics Branch of the Center for Cancer Research
| | - Giovanni Melillo
- the Developmental Therapeutics Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, and
| | - Jennifer L Meitzler
- From the Developmental Therapeutics Branch of the Center for Cancer Research
| | - Diana C Haines
- the Pathology/Histotechnology Laboratory, Leidos, Inc./Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Donna Butcher
- the Pathology/Histotechnology Laboratory, Leidos, Inc./Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Krishnendu Roy
- the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - James H Doroshow
- From the Developmental Therapeutics Branch of the Center for Cancer Research, .,the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Park SW, Jun HO, Kwon E, Yun JW, Kim JH, Park YJ, Kang BC, Kim JH. Antiangiogenic effect of betaine on pathologic retinal neovascularization via suppression of reactive oxygen species mediated vascular endothelial growth factor signaling. Vascul Pharmacol 2017; 90:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Galadari S, Rahman A, Pallichankandy S, Thayyullathil F. Reactive oxygen species and cancer paradox: To promote or to suppress? Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 104:144-164. [PMID: 28088622 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 601] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), a group of highly reactive ions and molecules, are increasingly being appreciated as powerful signaling molecules involved in the regulation of a variety of biological processes. Indeed, their role is continuously being delineated in a variety of pathophysiological conditions. For instance, cancer cells are shown to have increased ROS levels in comparison to their normal counterparts. This is partly due to an enhanced metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer cells. The escalated ROS generation in cancer cells contributes to the biochemical and molecular changes necessary for the tumor initiation, promotion and progression, as well as, tumor resistance to chemotherapy. Therefore, increased ROS in cancer cells may provide a unique opportunity to eliminate cancer cells via elevating ROS to highly toxic levels intracellularly, thereby, activating various ROS-induced cell death pathways, or inhibiting cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy. Such results can be achieved by using agents that either increase ROS generation, or inhibit antioxidant defense, or even a combination of both. In fact, a large variety of anticancer drugs, and some of those currently under clinical trials, effectively kill cancer cells and overcome drug resistance via enhancing ROS generation and/or impeding the antioxidant defense mechanism. This review focuses on our current understanding of the tumor promoting (tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, and chemoresistance) and the tumor suppressive (apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis) functions of ROS, and highlights the potential mechanism(s) involved. It also sheds light on a very novel and an actively growing field of ROS-dependent cell death mechanism referred to as ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehamuddin Galadari
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE; Al Jalila Foundation Research Centre, P.O. Box 300100, Dubai, UAE.
| | - Anees Rahman
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Siraj Pallichankandy
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Faisal Thayyullathil
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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Shin JY, Son A, Kim H, Kim Y, Yu HG. Carboxymethyl-lysine-modified plasma proteins in age-related macular degeneration. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-016-0504-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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43
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Linsenmeier RA, Zhang HF. Retinal oxygen: from animals to humans. Prog Retin Eye Res 2017; 58:115-151. [PMID: 28109737 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This article discusses retinal oxygenation and retinal metabolism by focusing on measurements made with two of the principal methods used to study O2 in the retina: measurements of PO2 with oxygen-sensitive microelectrodes in vivo in animals with a retinal circulation similar to that of humans, and oximetry, which can be used non-invasively in both animals and humans to measure O2 concentration in retinal vessels. Microelectrodes uniquely have high spatial resolution, allowing the mapping of PO2 in detail, and when combined with mathematical models of diffusion and consumption, they provide information about retinal metabolism. Mathematical models, grounded in experiments, can also be used to simulate situations that are not amenable to experimental study. New methods of oximetry, particularly photoacoustic ophthalmoscopy and visible light optical coherence tomography, provide depth-resolved methods that can separate signals from blood vessels and surrounding tissues, and can be combined with blood flow measures to determine metabolic rate. We discuss the effects on retinal oxygenation of illumination, hypoxia and hyperoxia, and describe retinal oxygenation in diabetes, retinal detachment, arterial occlusion, and macular degeneration. We explain how the metabolic measurements obtained from microelectrodes and imaging are different, and how they need to be brought together in the future. Finally, we argue for revisiting the clinical use of hyperoxia in ophthalmology, particularly in retinal arterial occlusions and retinal detachment, based on animal research and diffusion theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Linsenmeier
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston 60208-3107, IL, USA; Neurobiology Department, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston 60208-3520, IL, USA; Ophthalmology Department, Northwestern University, 645 N. Michigan Ave, Suite 440, Chicago 60611, IL, USA.
| | - Hao F Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston 60208-3107, IL, USA; Ophthalmology Department, Northwestern University, 645 N. Michigan Ave, Suite 440, Chicago 60611, IL, USA.
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Retinal Diseases Associated with Oxidative Stress and the Effects of a Free Radical Scavenger (Edaravone). OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9208489. [PMID: 28194256 PMCID: PMC5286467 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9208489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in developing and accelerating retinal diseases including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy (DR), and retinal vein occlusion (RVO). An excess amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to functional and morphological impairments in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), endothelial cells, and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Here we demonstrate that edaravone, a free radical scavenger, decreased apoptotic cell death, oxidative damage to DNA and lipids, and angiogenesis through inhibiting JNK and p38 MAPK pathways in AMD, glaucoma, DR, and RVO animal models. These data suggest that the therapeutic strategy for targeting oxidative stress may be important for the treatment of these ocular diseases, and edaravone may be useful for treating retinal diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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Majumder S, Advani A. VEGF and the diabetic kidney: More than too much of a good thing. J Diabetes Complications 2017; 31:273-279. [PMID: 27836681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over a decade and a half has passed since the publication of early reports hinting at a pathogenetic role for vascular endothelial growth factor ("VEGF") in the development of diabetic kidney disease. In diabetic rats, renal mRNA levels of the VEGF-A isoform were upregulated and administration of a VEGF-A neutralizing antibody attenuated albuminuria: VEGF was "bad" in diabetic nephropathy. Since that time, our understanding of the complexity of the renal VEGF system has advanced. Unlike its experimental counterpart, human diabetic nephropathy is associated with diminished VEGF-A levels and experience in the oncological setting has taught us that VEGF blocking therapy can cause adverse renal effects in patients. Correspondingly, investigational studies in cultured cells and rodent models have demonstrated that the biological effects of the VEGF system are dependent not only on the amount of VEGF, but also the type of VEGF, its sites of action and the prevailing milieu. Here we reflect back on the discoveries that have been made since those initial reports that shone the spotlight on the importance of the VEGF system in the diabetic kidney and we consider that the role of VEGF in diabetic nephropathy extends well beyond being "too much of a good thing".
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Affiliation(s)
- Syamantak Majumder
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Advani
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Guo J, Linetsky M, Yu AO, Zhang L, Howell SJ, Folkwein HJ, Wang H, Salomon RG. 4-Hydroxy-7-oxo-5-heptenoic Acid Lactone Induces Angiogenesis through Several Different Molecular Pathways. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:2125-2135. [PMID: 27806561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and angiogenesis have been implicated not only in normal phenomena such as tissue healing and remodeling but also in many pathological processes. However, the relationships between oxidative stress and angiogenesis still remain unclear, although oxidative stress has been convincingly demonstrated to influence the progression of angiogenesis under physiological and pathological conditions. The retina is particularly susceptible to oxidative stress because of its intensive oxygenation and high abundance of polyunsaturated fatty acyls. In particular, it has high levels of docosahexanoates, whose oxidative fragmentation produces 4-hydroxy-7-oxo-5-heptenoic acid lactone (HOHA-lactone). Previously, we found that HOHA-lactone is a major precursor of 2-(ω-carboxyethyl)pyrrole (CEP) derivatives, which are tightly linked to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). CEPs promote the pathological angiogenesis of late-stage AMD. We now report additional mechanisms by which HOHA-lactone promotes angiogenesis. Using cultured ARPE-19 cells, we observed that HOHA-lactone induces secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is correlated to increases in reactive oxygen species and decreases in intracellular glutathione (GSH). Wound healing and tube formation assays provided, for the first time, in vitro evidence that HOHA-lactone induces the release of VEGF from ARPE-19 cells, which promotes angiogenesis by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in culture. Thus, HOHA-lactone can stimulate vascular growth through a VEGF-dependent pathway. In addition, results from MTT and wound healing assays as well as tube formation experiments showed that GSH-conjugated metabolites of HOHA-lactone stimulate HUVEC proliferation and promote angiogenesis in vitro. Previous studies demonstrated that HOHA-lactone, through its CEP derivatives, promotes angiogenesis in a novel Toll-like receptor 2-dependent manner that is independent of the VEGF receptor or VEGF expression. The new studies show that HOHA-lactone also participates in other angiogenic signaling pathways that include promoting the secretion of VEGF from retinal pigmented epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Mikhail Linetsky
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Annabelle O Yu
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Scott J Howell
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Heather J Folkwein
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Robert G Salomon
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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Lee AJ, Ro M, Kim JH. Leukotriene B4 Receptor 2 Is Critical for the Synthesis of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Allergen-Stimulated Mast Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:2069-78. [PMID: 27489284 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells are among the principal effector cells in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. In allergic reactions, allergen (Ag)-induced cross-linking of IgE bound to FcεRI on mast cells results in the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is essential for the initiation and development of the allergic response. Despite the central role of VEGF in allergic asthma, the signaling events responsible for the production of VEGF remain unclear, particularly in Ag-stimulated mast cells. In the present study, we observed that blocking leukotriene B4 receptor 2 (BLT2) completely abrogated the production of VEGF in Ag-stimulated bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). The synthesis of BLT2 ligands (leukotriene B4 and 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid) was also required for VEGF production, suggesting a mediating role of an autocrine BLT2 ligands-BLT2 axis in the production of VEGF in mast cells. The NADPH oxidase 1-reactive oxygen species-NF-κB cascade is downstream of BLT2 during Ag signaling to VEGF synthesis in mast cells. Furthermore, the level of VEGF synthesis in genetically mast cell-deficient Kit(W/Wv) mice was significantly lower than that in wild-type mice in the OVA-induced asthma model, suggesting that mast cells play a critical role in the synthesis of VEGF in OVA-induced allergic asthma. Importantly, VEGF production was restored to the levels observed in wild-type mice after adoptive transfer of normal BMMCs into Kit(W/Wv) mice but was not restored in BLT2(-/-) BMMC-reconstituted Kit(W/Wv) mice in the OVA-induced asthma model. Taken together, our results suggest that BLT2 expression in mast cells is essential for the production of VEGF in OVA-induced allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Jin Lee
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - MyungJa Ro
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
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Tolentino MS, Tolentino AJ, Tolentino MJ. Current and investigational drugs for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:1011-22. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2016.1201062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Hashimoto H, Arai K, Hayashi S, Okamoto H, Takahashi J, Chikuda M. The effect of astaxanthin on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels and peroxidation reactions in the aqueous humor. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2016; 59:10-5. [PMID: 27499573 PMCID: PMC4933686 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.15-137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored the effect of astaxanthin on vascular endothelial growth factor in the aqueous humor, by measuring vascular endothelial growth factor levels and oxidation-related parameters, including O2•− scavenging activity, H2O2 level, and total hydroperoxide level in the aqueous humor, obtained from 35 patients before and after astaxanthin administration. We evaluated the relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor and the oxidation-related parameters as well as the patient’s diabetic status, age, and sex. Vascular endothelial growth factor levels did not change significantly but O2•− scavenging activity and total hydroperoxide level significantly (p<0.05) increased and decreased, respectively. Both pre- and post- astaxanthin intake, vascular endothelial growth factor and total hydroperoxide levels were positively correlated (Pearson: r = 0.42, p<0.05; r = 0.55, p<0.01, respectively). Analysis of vascular endothelial growth factor levels and O2•− scavenging activities gave a negative correlation but only pre-astaxanthin intake (r = −0.37, p<0.05). Differences in levels pre- and post-astaxanthin only showed association between vascular endothelial growth factor and total hydroperoxide (r = 0.49, p<0.01) analyzed by multiple linear regression. Using multivariate analysis, pre-astaxanthin vascular endothelial growth factor level was associated with two factors of total hydroperoxide and O2•− scavenging activity (r = 0.49, p<0.05), and post-astaxanthin vascular endothelial growth factor level with two factors of total hydroperoxide and sex (r = 0.60, p<0.01). Astaxanthin intake may have affected vascular endothelial growth factor level through its antioxidant effects by increasing O2•− scavenging activity and suppressing peroxide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Hashimoto
- Tsukuba Hashimoto Optical Clinic, 530 Furuku, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0021, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Koshigaya Hospital, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, 2-1-50 Minamikoshigaya, Saitama 343-8555, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Arai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Koshigaya Hospital, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, 2-1-50 Minamikoshigaya, Saitama 343-8555, Japan
| | - Shimmin Hayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Koshigaya Hospital, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, 2-1-50 Minamikoshigaya, Saitama 343-8555, Japan; Lively Eye Clinic, 3-1-4 Asahi-cho, Souka-shi, Saitama 340-0053, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okamoto
- Embassy of Japan in Jordan, No. 7, Fa'eq Halazon St. Between 5th and 6th Circle, North Abdoun, Amman 11181, Jordan
| | - Jiro Takahashi
- Fuji Chemical Industry Co., LTD., 55 Yokohoonji, Kamiichi-machi, Nakaniikawa-gun, Toyama 930-0397, Japan
| | - Makoto Chikuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Koshigaya Hospital, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, 2-1-50 Minamikoshigaya, Saitama 343-8555, Japan
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Beharry KD, Valencia G, Lazzaro D, Aranda J. Pharmacologic interventions for the prevention and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity. Semin Perinatol 2016; 40:189-202. [PMID: 26831641 PMCID: PMC4808450 DOI: 10.1053/j.semperi.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a significant morbidity in prematurely born infants, is the most common cause of visual impairment and blindness in children and persists till adulthood. Strict control of oxygen therapy and prevention of intermittent hypoxia are the keys in the prevention of ROP, but pharmacologic interventions have decreased risk of ROP. Various drug classes such as methylxanthines (caffeine), VEGF inhibitors, antioxidants, and others have decreased ROP occurrence. The timing of pharmacologic intervention remains unsettled, but early prevention rather than controlling disease progression may be preferred. These drugs act through different mechanisms, and synergistic approaches should be considered to maximize efficacy and safety.
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