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Alfaifi J. miRNAs Role in Wilms tumor pathogenesis: Signaling pathways interplay. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 256:155254. [PMID: 38460245 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Wilms' tumors (WTs) are the most common type of kidney tumor in children, and a negative outlook is generally associated with widespread anaplastic. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial in the development of WT by regulating the expression of specific genes. There is an increasing amount of research that connects the dysregulation of miRNAs to the development of various renal illnesses. The conditions encompassed are renal fibrosis, renal cancers, and chronic and polycystic kidney disease. Dysregulation of several important miRNAs, either oncogenic or tumor-suppressing, has been found in WT. The present state of knowledge on the involvement of dysregulated miRNAs in the progression of WT is summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaber Alfaifi
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia.
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2
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Perotti D, Williams RD, Wegert J, Brzezinski J, Maschietto M, Ciceri S, Gisselsson D, Gadd S, Walz AL, Furtwaengler R, Drost J, Al-Saadi R, Evageliou N, Gooskens SL, Hong AL, Murphy AJ, Ortiz MV, O'Sullivan MJ, Mullen EA, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Fernandez CV, Graf N, Grundy PE, Geller JI, Dome JS, Perlman EJ, Gessler M, Huff V, Pritchard-Jones K. Hallmark discoveries in the biology of Wilms tumour. Nat Rev Urol 2024; 21:158-180. [PMID: 37848532 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00824-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The modern study of Wilms tumour was prompted nearly 50 years ago, when Alfred Knudson proposed the 'two-hit' model of tumour development. Since then, the efforts of researchers worldwide have substantially expanded our knowledge of Wilms tumour biology, including major advances in genetics - from cloning the first Wilms tumour gene to high-throughput studies that have revealed the genetic landscape of this tumour. These discoveries improve understanding of the embryonal origin of Wilms tumour, familial occurrences and associated syndromic conditions. Many efforts have been made to find and clinically apply prognostic biomarkers to Wilms tumour, for which outcomes are generally favourable, but treatment of some affected individuals remains challenging. Challenges are also posed by the intratumoural heterogeneity of biomarkers. Furthermore, preclinical models of Wilms tumour, from cell lines to organoid cultures, have evolved. Despite these many achievements, much still remains to be discovered: further molecular understanding of relapse in Wilms tumour and of the multiple origins of bilateral Wilms tumour are two examples of areas under active investigation. International collaboration, especially when large tumour series are required to obtain robust data, will help to answer some of the remaining unresolved questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Perotti
- Predictive Medicine: Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
| | - Richard D Williams
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Section of Genetics and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jenny Wegert
- Theodor-Boveri-Institute/Biocenter, Developmental Biochemistry, Wuerzburg University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jack Brzezinski
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mariana Maschietto
- Research Center, Boldrini Children's Hospital, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara Ciceri
- Predictive Medicine: Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - David Gisselsson
- Cancer Cell Evolution Unit, Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Clinical Genetics, Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Office of Medical Services, Skåne, Sweden
| | - Samantha Gadd
- Department of Pathology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amy L Walz
- Division of Hematology,Oncology, Neuro-Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplant, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rhoikos Furtwaengler
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital Bern University, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jarno Drost
- Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Reem Al-Saadi
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Evageliou
- Divisions of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, CHOP Specialty Care Center, Vorhees, NJ, USA
| | - Saskia L Gooskens
- Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Andrew L Hong
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michael V Ortiz
- Department of Paediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maureen J O'Sullivan
- Histology Laboratory, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth A Mullen
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Conrad V Fernandez
- Division of Paediatric Hematology Oncology, IWK Health Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Norbert Graf
- Department of Paediatric Oncology and Hematology, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Paul E Grundy
- Department of Paediatrics Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - James I Geller
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Dome
- Division of Oncology, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Hospital and the Department of Paediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Perlman
- Department of Pathology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Manfred Gessler
- Theodor-Boveri-Institute/Biocenter, Developmental Biochemistry, Wuerzburg University, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Vicki Huff
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kathy Pritchard-Jones
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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García-Moreno JF, Lacerda R, da Costa PJ, Pereira M, Gama-Carvalho M, Matos P, Romão L. DIS3L2 knockdown impairs key oncogenic properties of colorectal cancer cells via the mTOR signaling pathway. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:185. [PMID: 37340282 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04833-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
DIS3L2 degrades different types of RNAs in an exosome-independent manner including mRNAs and several types of non-coding RNAs. DIS3L2-mediated degradation is preceded by the addition of nontemplated uridines at the 3'end of its targets by the terminal uridylyl transferases 4 and 7. Most of the literature that concerns DIS3L2 characterizes its involvement in several RNA degradation pathways, however, there is some evidence that its dysregulated activity may contribute to cancer development. In the present study, we characterize the role of DIS3L2 in human colorectal cancer (CRC). Using the public RNA datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we found higher DIS3L2 mRNA levels in CRC tissues versus normal colonic samples as well as worse prognosis in patients with high DIS3L2 expression. In addition, our RNA deep-sequencing data revealed that knockdown (KD) of DIS3L2 induces a strong transcriptomic disturbance in SW480 CRC cells. Moreover, gene ontology (GO) analysis of significant upregulated transcripts displays enrichment in mRNAs encoding proteins involved in cell cycle regulation and cancer-related pathways, which guided us to evaluate which specific hallmarks of cancer are differentially regulated by DIS3L2. To do so, we employed four CRC cell lines (HCT116, SW480, Caco-2 and HT-29) differing in their mutational background and oncogenicity. We demonstrate that depletion of DIS3L2 results in reduced cell viability of highly oncogenic SW480 and HCT116 CRC cells, but had little or no impact in the more differentiated Caco-2 and HT-29 cells. Remarkably, the mTOR signaling pathway, crucial for cell survival and growth, is downregulated after DIS3L2 KD, whereas AZGP1, an mTOR pathway inhibitor, is upregulated. Furthermore, our results indicate that depletion of DIS3L2 disturbs metastasis-associated properties, such as cell migration and invasion, only in highly oncogenic CRC cells. Our work reveals for the first time a role for DIS3L2 in sustaining CRC cell proliferation and provides evidence that this ribonuclease is required to support the viability and invasive behavior of dedifferentiated CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F García-Moreno
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências, BioISI - Instituto de Biossistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rafaela Lacerda
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências, BioISI - Instituto de Biossistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo J da Costa
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências, BioISI - Instituto de Biossistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marcelo Pereira
- Faculdade de Ciências, BioISI - Instituto de Biossistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida Gama-Carvalho
- Faculdade de Ciências, BioISI - Instituto de Biossistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo Matos
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências, BioISI - Instituto de Biossistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luísa Romão
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Faculdade de Ciências, BioISI - Instituto de Biossistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Ortiz MV, Koenig C, Armstrong AE, Brok J, de Camargo B, Mavinkurve-Groothuis AMC, Herrera TBV, Venkatramani R, Woods AD, Dome JS, Spreafico F. Advances in the clinical management of high-risk Wilms tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70 Suppl 2:e30342. [PMID: 37096797 PMCID: PMC10857813 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Outcomes are excellent for the majority of patients with Wilms tumors (WT). However, there remain WT subgroups for which the survival rate is approximately 50% or lower. Acknowledging that the composition of this high-risk group has changed over time reflecting improvements in therapy, we introduce the authors' view of the historical and current approach to the classification and treatment of high-risk WT. For this review, we consider high-risk WT to include patients with newly diagnosed metastatic blastemal-type or diffuse anaplastic histology, those who relapse after having been initially treated with three or more different chemotherapeutics, or those who relapse more than once. In certain low- or low middle-income settings, socio-economic factors expand the definition of what constitutes a high-risk WT. As conventional therapies are inadequate to cure the majority of high-risk WT patients, advancement of laboratory and early-phase clinical investigations to identify active agents is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Ortiz
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christa Koenig
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Amy E Armstrong
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jesper Brok
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Beatriz de Camargo
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Program, Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rajkumar Venkatramani
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew D Woods
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Dome
- Division of Oncology, Children's National Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Filippo Spreafico
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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5
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Ortiz MV, Koenig C, Armstrong AE, Brok J, de Camargo B, Mavinkurve-Groothuis AMC, Herrera TBV, Venkatramani R, Woods AD, Dome JS, Spreafico F. Advances in the clinical management of high-risk Wilms tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70:e30153. [PMID: 36625399 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Outcomes are excellent for the majority of patients with Wilms tumors (WT). However, there remain WT subgroups for which the survival rate is approximately 50% or lower. Acknowledging that the composition of this high-risk group has changed over time reflecting improvements in therapy, we introduce the authors' view of the historical and current approach to the classification and treatment of high-risk WT. For this review, we consider high-risk WT to include patients with newly diagnosed metastatic blastemal-type or diffuse anaplastic histology, those who relapse after having been initially treated with three or more different chemotherapeutics, or those who relapse more than once. In certain low- or low middle-income settings, socio-economic factors expand the definition of what constitutes a high-risk WT. As conventional therapies are inadequate to cure the majority of high-risk WT patients, advancement of laboratory and early-phase clinical investigations to identify active agents is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Ortiz
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christa Koenig
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Amy E Armstrong
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jesper Brok
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Beatriz de Camargo
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Program, Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rajkumar Venkatramani
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew D Woods
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Dome
- Division of Oncology, Children's National Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Filippo Spreafico
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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6
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Royer-Pokora B, Wruck W, Adjaye J, Beier M. Gene expression studies of WT1 mutant Wilms tumor cell lines in the frame work of published kidney development data reveals their early kidney stem cell origin. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0270380. [PMID: 36689432 PMCID: PMC9870146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to get a better insight into the timing of WT1 mutant Wilms tumor development, we compared the gene expression profiles of nine established WT1 mutant Wilms tumor cell lines with published data from different kidney cell types during development. Publications describing genes expressed in nephrogenic precursor cells, ureteric bud cells, more mature nephrogenic epithelial cells and interstitial cell types were used. These studies uncovered that the WT1 mutant Wilms tumor cells lines express genes from the earliest nephrogenic progenitor cells, as well as from more differentiated nephron cells with the highest expression from the stromal/interstitial compartment. The expression of genes from all cell compartments points to an early developmental origin of the tumor in a common stem cell. Although variability of the expression of specific genes was evident between the cell lines the overall expression pattern was very similar. This is likely dependent on their different genetic backgrounds with distinct WT1 mutations and the absence/presence of mutant CTNNB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Royer-Pokora
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wasco Wruck
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - James Adjaye
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Manfred Beier
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Hont AB, Dumont B, Sutton KS, Anderson J, Kentsis A, Drost J, Hong AL, Verschuur A. The tumor microenvironment and immune targeting therapy in pediatric renal tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 70 Suppl 2:e30110. [PMID: 36451260 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the role of several immunomodulating elements contributing to the tumor microenvironment of various pediatric renal tumors including Wilms tumor. The roles of innate and adaptive immune cells in renal tumors are summarized as well as immunomodulatory cytokines and other proteins. The expression and the predictive role of checkpoint modulators like PD-L1 and immunomodulating proteins like glypican-3, B7-H3, COX-2 are highlighted with a translational view toward potential therapeutic innovations. We further discuss the current state of preclinical models in advancing this field of study. Finally, examples of clinical trials of immunomodulating strategies such as monoclonal antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells for relapsed/refractory/progressive pediatric renal tumors are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy B Hont
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Benoit Dumont
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Institute, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
| | - Kathryn S Sutton
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John Anderson
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Alex Kentsis
- Tow Center for Developmental Oncology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jarno Drost
- Princess Máxima Center and Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew L Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Arnauld Verschuur
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hôpital d'Enfants de la Timone, APHM, Marseille, France
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Jablonowski CM, Gil HJ, Pinto EM, Pichavaram P, Fleming AM, Clay MR, Hu D, Morton CL, Pruett-Miller SM, Hansen BS, Chen X, Jones KMD, Liu Y, Ma X, Yang J, Davidoff AM, Zambetti GP, Murphy AJ. TERT Expression in Wilms Tumor Is Regulated by Promoter Mutation or Hypermethylation, WT1, and N-MYC. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071655. [PMID: 35406427 PMCID: PMC8996936 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The telomerase enzyme adds repetitive genetic sequences to the ends of chromosomes called telomeres to prevent cellular senescence. Gain of telomerase function is one of the hallmarks of human cancer. The telomerase protein is coded by the gene TERT and increased TERT RNA levels have been associated with disease relapse in Wilms tumor, the most common kidney cancer of childhood. This study aimed to determine the mechanisms of increased TERT expression in Wilms tumor. This study found mutations in the TERT promoter, increased methylation of the TERT promoter, and genomic copy number amplifications of TERT as potential mechanisms of TERT activation. Conversely, this study found that inactivating WT1 mutation was associated with low TERT RNA levels and telomerase activity. N-MYC overexpression in Wilms tumor cells resulted in increased TERT promoter activity and TERT transcription. TERT transcription is associated with molecular and histologic subgroups in Wilms tumor and telomere-targeted therapies warrant future investigation. Abstract Increased TERT mRNA is associated with disease relapse in favorable histology Wilms tumor (WT). This study sought to understand the mechanism of increased TERT expression by determining the association between TERT and WT1 and N-MYC, two proteins important in Wilms tumor pathogenesis that have been shown to regulate TERT expression. Three out of 45 (6.7%) WTs and the corresponding patient-derived xenografts harbored canonical gain-of-function mutations in the TERT promoter. This study identified near ubiquitous hypermethylation of the TERT promoter region in WT compared to normal kidney. WTs with biallelic inactivating mutations in WT1 (7/45, 15.6%) were found to have lower TERT expression by RNA-seq and qRT-PCR and lower telomerase activity determined by the telomerase repeat amplification protocol. Anaplastic histology and increased percentage of blastema were positively correlated with higher TERT expression and telomerase activity. In vitro shRNA knockdown of WT1 resulted in decreased expression of TERT, reduced colony formation, and decreased proliferation of WiT49, an anaplastic WT cell line with wild-type WT1. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of WT1 resulted in decreased expression of telomere-related gene pathways. However, an inducible Wt1-knockout mouse model showed no relationship between Wt1 knockout and Tert expression in normal murine nephrogenesis, suggesting that WT1 and TERT are coupled in transformed cells but not in normal kidney tissues. N-MYC overexpression resulted in increased TERT promoter activity and TERT transcription. Thus, multiple mechanisms of TERT activation are involved in WT and are associated with anaplastic histology and increased blastema. This study is novel because it identifies potential mechanisms of TERT activation in Wilms tumor that could be of therapeutic interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M. Jablonowski
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 133, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (C.M.J.); (H.J.G.); (P.P.); (A.M.F.); (D.H.); (C.L.M.); (J.Y.); (A.M.D.)
| | - Hyea Jin Gil
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 133, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (C.M.J.); (H.J.G.); (P.P.); (A.M.F.); (D.H.); (C.L.M.); (J.Y.); (A.M.D.)
| | - Emilia M. Pinto
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (E.M.P.); (G.P.Z.)
| | - Prahalathan Pichavaram
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 133, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (C.M.J.); (H.J.G.); (P.P.); (A.M.F.); (D.H.); (C.L.M.); (J.Y.); (A.M.D.)
| | - Andrew M. Fleming
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 133, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (C.M.J.); (H.J.G.); (P.P.); (A.M.F.); (D.H.); (C.L.M.); (J.Y.); (A.M.D.)
| | - Michael R. Clay
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Dongli Hu
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 133, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (C.M.J.); (H.J.G.); (P.P.); (A.M.F.); (D.H.); (C.L.M.); (J.Y.); (A.M.D.)
| | - Christopher L. Morton
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 133, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (C.M.J.); (H.J.G.); (P.P.); (A.M.F.); (D.H.); (C.L.M.); (J.Y.); (A.M.D.)
| | - Shondra M. Pruett-Miller
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (S.M.P.-M.); (B.S.H.)
| | - Baranda S. Hansen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (S.M.P.-M.); (B.S.H.)
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (X.C.); (K.M.D.J.); (Y.L.); (X.M.)
| | - Karissa M. Dieseldorff Jones
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (X.C.); (K.M.D.J.); (Y.L.); (X.M.)
| | - Yanling Liu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (X.C.); (K.M.D.J.); (Y.L.); (X.M.)
| | - Xiaotu Ma
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (X.C.); (K.M.D.J.); (Y.L.); (X.M.)
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 133, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (C.M.J.); (H.J.G.); (P.P.); (A.M.F.); (D.H.); (C.L.M.); (J.Y.); (A.M.D.)
| | - Andrew M. Davidoff
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 133, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (C.M.J.); (H.J.G.); (P.P.); (A.M.F.); (D.H.); (C.L.M.); (J.Y.); (A.M.D.)
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Gerard P. Zambetti
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (E.M.P.); (G.P.Z.)
| | - Andrew J. Murphy
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 133, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (C.M.J.); (H.J.G.); (P.P.); (A.M.F.); (D.H.); (C.L.M.); (J.Y.); (A.M.D.)
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Correspondence:
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9
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Alhalabi KT, Stichel D, Sievers P, Peterziel H, Sommerkamp AC, Sturm D, Wittmann A, Sill M, Jäger N, Beck P, Pajtler KW, Snuderl M, Jour G, Delorenzo M, Martin AM, Levy A, Dalvi N, Hansford JR, Gottardo NG, Uro-Coste E, Maurage CA, Godfraind C, Vandenbos F, Pietsch T, Kramm C, Filippidou M, Kattamis A, Jones C, Øra I, Mikkelsen TS, Zapotocky M, Sumerauer D, Scheie D, McCabe M, Wesseling P, Tops BBJ, Kranendonk MEG, Karajannis MA, Bouvier N, Papaemmanuil E, Dohmen H, Acker T, von Hoff K, Schmid S, Miele E, Filipski K, Kitanovski L, Krskova L, Gojo J, Haberler C, Alvaro F, Ecker J, Selt F, Milde T, Witt O, Oehme I, Kool M, von Deimling A, Korshunov A, Pfister SM, Sahm F, Jones DTW. PATZ1 fusions define a novel molecularly distinct neuroepithelial tumor entity with a broad histological spectrum. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 142:841-857. [PMID: 34417833 PMCID: PMC8500868 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02354-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale molecular profiling studies in recent years have shown that central nervous system (CNS) tumors display a much greater heterogeneity in terms of molecularly distinct entities, cellular origins and genetic drivers than anticipated from histological assessment. DNA methylation profiling has emerged as a useful tool for robust tumor classification, providing new insights into these heterogeneous molecular classes. This is particularly true for rare CNS tumors with a broad morphological spectrum, which are not possible to assign as separate entities based on histological similarity alone. Here, we describe a molecularly distinct subset of predominantly pediatric CNS neoplasms (n = 60) that harbor PATZ1 fusions. The original histological diagnoses of these tumors covered a wide spectrum of tumor types and malignancy grades. While the single most common diagnosis was glioblastoma (GBM), clinical data of the PATZ1-fused tumors showed a better prognosis than typical GBM, despite frequent relapses. RNA sequencing revealed recurrent MN1:PATZ1 or EWSR1:PATZ1 fusions related to (often extensive) copy number variations on chromosome 22, where PATZ1 and the two fusion partners are located. These fusions have individually been reported in a number of glial/glioneuronal tumors, as well as extracranial sarcomas. We show here that they are more common than previously acknowledged, and together define a biologically distinct CNS tumor type with high expression of neural development markers such as PAX2, GATA2 and IGF2. Drug screening performed on the MN1:PATZ1 fusion-bearing KS-1 brain tumor cell line revealed preliminary candidates for further study. In summary, PATZ1 fusions define a molecular class of histologically polyphenotypic neuroepithelial tumors, which show an intermediate prognosis under current treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karam T Alhalabi
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Glioma Research (B360), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Damian Stichel
- Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Sievers
- Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Peterziel
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander C Sommerkamp
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Glioma Research (B360), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Sturm
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Glioma Research (B360), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Wittmann
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Glioma Research (B360), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Sill
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natalie Jäger
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pengbo Beck
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristian W Pajtler
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matija Snuderl
- Division of Neuropathology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - George Jour
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Allison M Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Adam Levy
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Nagma Dalvi
- Isabel Rapin Division of Child Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jordan R Hansford
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Gottardo
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Emmanuelle Uro-Coste
- Department of Pathology, IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- INSERM U1037, Team 11, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France
| | - Claude-Alain Maurage
- Department of Pathology, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- INSERM U837 UMR-S1172, Centre de Recherche Jean Pierre Aubert, Team 1, Lille, France
| | - Catherine Godfraind
- Laboratory of Pathology, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- University Clermont-Auvergne, M2iSH UMR1071, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fanny Vandenbos
- Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, CHU Gabriel Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Torsten Pietsch
- Institute of Neuropathology, Brain Tumor Reference Center of the Society for Neuropathology and Neuroanatomy, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christof Kramm
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Maria Filippidou
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis Kattamis
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Chris Jones
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Ingrid Øra
- Children's Hospital, Paediatric Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Torben Stamm Mikkelsen
- Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michal Zapotocky
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Sumerauer
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Scheie
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin McCabe
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Pieter Wesseling
- Department of Pathology, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Universities Medical Centers/VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan B J Tops
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte E G Kranendonk
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nancy Bouvier
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elli Papaemmanuil
- Computational Oncology Service, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hildegard Dohmen
- Department of Neuropathology, University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Till Acker
- Department of Neuropathology, University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katja von Hoff
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Schmid
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Evelina Miele
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapy and Haemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Katharina Filipski
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lidija Kitanovski
- Division of Paediatrics, Department of Haematooncology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lenka Krskova
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Johannes Gojo
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Haberler
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Frank Alvaro
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- John Hunter Children's Hospital Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonas Ecker
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Selt
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Till Milde
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olaf Witt
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ina Oehme
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Kool
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrey Korshunov
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David T W Jones
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Division of Pediatric Glioma Research (B360), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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10
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Spreafico F, Fernandez CV, Brok J, Nakata K, Vujanic G, Geller JI, Gessler M, Maschietto M, Behjati S, Polanco A, Paintsil V, Luna-Fineman S, Pritchard-Jones K. Wilms tumour. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2021; 7:75. [PMID: 34650095 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-021-00308-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Wilms tumour (WT) is a childhood embryonal tumour that is paradigmatic of the intersection between disrupted organogenesis and tumorigenesis. Many WT genes play a critical (non-redundant) role in early nephrogenesis. Improving patient outcomes requires advances in understanding and targeting of the multiple genes and cellular control pathways now identified as active in WT development. Decades of clinical and basic research have helped to gradually optimize clinical care. Curative therapy is achievable in 90% of affected children, even those with disseminated disease, yet survival disparities within and between countries exist and deserve commitment to change. Updated epidemiological studies have also provided novel insights into global incidence variations. Introduction of biology-driven approaches to risk stratification and new drug development has been slower in WT than in other childhood tumours. Current prognostic classification for children with WT is grounded in clinical and pathological findings and in dedicated protocols on molecular alterations. Treatment includes conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy and surgery, and radiation therapy in some cases. Advanced imaging to capture tumour composition, optimizing irradiation techniques to reduce target volumes, and evaluation of newer surgical procedures are key areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Spreafico
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Paediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
| | - Conrad V Fernandez
- Department of Paediatrics, IWK Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jesper Brok
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kayo Nakata
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - James I Geller
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Manfred Gessler
- Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Developmental Biochemistry, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Mariana Maschietto
- Research Center, Boldrini Children's Hospital, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Sam Behjati
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Angela Polanco
- National Cancer Research Institute Children's Group Consumer Representative, London, UK
| | - Vivian Paintsil
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Sandra Luna-Fineman
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Paediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kathy Pritchard-Jones
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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11
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Maciaszek JL, Oak N, Nichols KE. Recent advances in Wilms' tumor predisposition. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:R138-R149. [PMID: 32412586 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilms' tumor (WT), the most common childhood kidney cancer, develops in association with an underlying germline predisposition in up to 15% of cases. Germline alterations affecting the WT1 gene and epigenetic alterations affecting the 11p15 locus are associated with a selective increase in WT risk. Nevertheless, WT also occurs in the context of more pleiotropic cancer predispositions, such as DICER1, Li-Fraumeni and Bloom syndrome, as well as Fanconi anemia. Recent germline genomic investigations have increased our understanding of the host genetic factors that influence WT risk, with sequencing of rare familial cases and large WT cohorts revealing an expanding array of predisposition genes and associated genetic conditions. Here, we describe evidence implicating WT1, the 11p15 locus, and the recently identified genes CTR9, REST and TRIM28 in WT predisposition. We discuss the clinical features, mode of inheritance and biological aspects of tumorigenesis, when known. Despite these described associations, many cases of familial WT remain unexplained. Continued investigations are needed to fully elucidate the landscape of germline genetic alterations in children with WT. Establishing a genetic diagnosis is imperative for WT families so that individuals harboring a predisposing germline variant can undergo surveillance, which should enable the early detection of tumors and use of less intensive treatments, thereby leading to improved overall outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Maciaszek
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ninad Oak
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Kim E Nichols
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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12
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Liu Y, Nelson MV, Bailey C, Zhang P, Zheng P, Dome JS, Liu Y, Wang Y. Targeting the HIF-1α-IGFBP2 axis therapeutically reduces IGF1-AKT signaling and blocks the growth and metastasis of relapsed anaplastic Wilms tumor. Oncogene 2021; 40:4809-4819. [PMID: 34155347 PMCID: PMC8319145 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
For patients with anaplastic Wilms tumor (WiT), metastasis and recurrence are common, and prognosis is generally poor. Novel therapies are needed to improve outcomes for patients with this high-risk WiT. A potential contributor to WiT development is constitutive activation of AKT by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and its receptor (IGF1R) signaling pathway, but the complete underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)-IGF binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) axis and the tumor-specific IGF1A are key players for constitutive activation of IGF1-AKT signaling leading to the tumor malignancy. HIF-1α and IGFBP2 are highly expressed in a majority of WiT patient samples. Deficiency of either HIF-1α or IGFBP2 or IGF1 in the tumor cells significantly impairs tumor growth and nearly abrogates metastasis in xenografted mice. Pharmacologic targeting of HIF-1α by echinomycin delivered via nanoliposomes can efficiently restrain growth and metastasis of patient-derived relapsed anaplastic WiT xenografts. Liposomal echinomycin is more potent and effective in inhibiting WiT growth than vincristine in an anaplastic WiT mouse model, and eliminates metastasis by suppressing HIF-1α targets and the HIF-1α-IGFBP2 axis, which governs IGF1-AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Division of Cancer and Immunology Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201,Correspondence should be addressed to Yin Wang (), Yang Liu (), and Yan Liu ()
| | - Marie V. Nelson
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010
| | - Christopher Bailey
- Division of Cancer and Immunology Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Peng Zhang
- Division of Cancer and Immunology Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Pan Zheng
- Division of Cancer and Immunology Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201,OncoC4, Inc, Rockville, MD 20852
| | - Jeffrey S. Dome
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010
| | - Yang Liu
- Division of Cancer and Immunology Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201,OncoC4, Inc, Rockville, MD 20852,Correspondence should be addressed to Yin Wang (), Yang Liu (), and Yan Liu ()
| | - Yin Wang
- Division of Cancer and Immunology Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201,Correspondence should be addressed to Yin Wang (), Yang Liu (), and Yan Liu ()
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13
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Cantoni C, Serra M, Parisi E, Azzarone B, Sementa AR, Nasto LA, Moretta L, Candiano G, Bottino C, Ghiggeri GM, Spaggiari GM. Stromal-like Wilms tumor cells induce human Natural Killer cell degranulation and display immunomodulatory properties towards NK cells. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1879530. [PMID: 33758675 PMCID: PMC7946041 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1879530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The similarity of stromal-like Wilms tumor (str-WT) cells with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), suggests their relevant role in the interplay with immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. We investigated the interaction between str-WT cells and NK cells. We observed that str-WT cells expressed some major ligands for activating and inhibitory NK cell receptors. Moreover, they expressed inhibitory checkpoint molecules involved in the negative regulation of anti-tumor immune response. The analysis of the interaction between str-WT cells and NK lymphocytes revealed that activated NK cells could efficiently degranulate upon interaction with str-WT cells. On the other hand, str-WT cells could exert potent inhibitory effects on cytokine-induced activation of NK cell proliferation and phenotype, which were mediated by the production of IDO and PGE2 inhibitory factors. Our data provide insight into the molecular interactions between str-WT cells and NK lymphocytes that may result in different outcomes possibly occurring in the WT microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cantoni
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Integrated Department of Services and Laboratories, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Martina Serra
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Integrated Department of Services and Laboratories, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Erica Parisi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Bruno Azzarone
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Aurelio Nasto
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Candiano
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cristina Bottino
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Integrated Department of Services and Laboratories, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Ghiggeri
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy.,Division of Nephrology, Dialysis & Transplantation, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Grazia Maria Spaggiari
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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14
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Custers L, Paassen I, Drost J. In vitro Modeling of Embryonal Tumors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:640633. [PMID: 33718380 PMCID: PMC7952537 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.640633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A subset of pediatric tumors affects very young children and are thought to arise during fetal life. A common theme is that these embryonal tumors hijack developmental programs, causing a block in differentiation and, as a consequence, unrestricted proliferation. Embryonal tumors, therefore typically maintain an embryonic gene signature not found in their differentiated progeny. Still, the processes underpinning malignant transformation remain largely unknown, which is hampering therapeutic innovation. To gain more insight into these processes, in vitro and in vivo research models are indispensable. However, embryonic development is an extremely dynamic process with continuously changing cellular identities, making it challenging to define cells-of-origin. This is crucial for the development of representative models, as targeting the wrong cell or targeting a cell within an incorrect developmental time window can result in completely different phenotypes. Recent innovations in in vitro cell models may provide more versatile platforms to study embryonal tumors in a scalable manner. In this review, we outline different in vitro models that can be explored to study embryonal tumorigenesis and for therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Custers
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Irene Paassen
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jarno Drost
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
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15
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Comprehensive Biology and Genetics Compendium of Wilms Tumor Cell Lines with Different WT1 Mutations. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010060. [PMID: 33379206 PMCID: PMC7801943 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Wilms tumor is a childhood kidney tumor arising from embryonal cells. Wilms tumors are heterogeneous with several distinct subgroups that differ in their response to treatment. The genetic basis for these diverse forms of Wilms tumor is not fully understood. One subgroup of Wilms tumors is associated with mutations in the WT1 gene, encoding a transcription factor with a role in early kidney differentiation. Patients with WT1 mutant Wilms tumor may harbor germline mutations in this gene. Cell lines from Wilms tumors are notoriously difficult to establish and only few exist. We developed a method to cultivate cells from the WT1 mutant subtype of Wilms tumors and have established 11 cell lines with different mutations in WT1 to date. These cells will be instrumental to study the biology and genetics ultimately to develop precision treatments Abstract Purpose: WT1 mutant Wilms tumors represent a distinct subgroup, frequently associated with CTNNB1 mutations. The genetic basis for the development of this subtype is currently not fully understood. Methods: Live WT1 mutant Wilms tumors were collected during surgery of patients and cell cultures established in mesenchymal stem cell medium. They were studied for mutations in WT1 and CTNNB1, their differentiation capacity and protein activation status. Four cell lines were immortalized with a triple mutant ts SV40 largeT antigen and Telomerase. Results: 11 cell lines were established from Wilms tumors of nine patients, including a left and right tumor from the same patient and a primary and second tumor from another patient. Six patients had germ line and three were tumor specific mutations. All cell lines harbored only mutant or deleted WT1 genes. CTNNB1 was wild type in three, all others carried mutations affecting amino acid S45. They had variable and limited capacities for mesenchymal differentiation, a high migratory capacity and a low invasive potential. All cells showed an activation of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases and downstream signaling pathways. Conclusions: These cell lines represent an important new tool to study WT1 mutant Wilms tumors, potentially leading to new treatment approaches.
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16
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Brzezinski J, Choufani S, Romao R, Shuman C, Chen H, Cunanan J, Bagli D, Grant R, Lorenzo A, Weksberg R. Clinically and biologically relevant subgroups of Wilms tumour defined by genomic and epigenomic analyses. Br J Cancer 2020; 124:437-446. [PMID: 33012783 PMCID: PMC7853092 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although cure rates for Wilms tumours (WT) are high, many patients receive therapy with attendant long-term complications. Our goal was to stratify WT using genome-wide analyses to identify candidate molecular features for patients who would benefit from a reduction in therapy. Methods We generated DNA methylation and exome sequencing data on WT–kidney pairs (n = 57) and unpaired tumours (n = 27) collected either at our centre or by the Children’s Oncology Group. Samples were divided into a discovery set (n = 32) and validation set (n = 52). Results Analysis of DNA methylation revealed two subgroups of WT with distinct features. Subgroup A has a similar DNA methylation profile to mature kidney, while Subgroup B has genome-wide dysregulation of DNA methylation. The rate of non-synonymous missense mutations and segmental chromosomal aberrations was higher in Subgroup B tumours, suggesting that this group has genome instability related to its epigenetic state. Subgroup A had a higher proportion of cases of bilateral disease. Tumours with high-risk histology or from patients who relapsed were only found in Subgroup B. Conclusion We have identified subgroup-specific molecular events that could inform future work supporting more targeted therapeutic approaches and patient stratification. We propose a novel developmental tumour model based on these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Brzezinski
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sanaa Choufani
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Romao
- Department of Surgery, IWK Hospital, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Cheryl Shuman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Genetics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Haiying Chen
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joanna Cunanan
- Medical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Darius Bagli
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ronald Grant
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Armando Lorenzo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, IWK Hospital, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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17
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Han Y, Song C, Zhang T, Zhou Q, Zhang X, Wang J, Xu B, Zhang X, Liu X, Ying X. Wilms' tumor 1 ( WT1) promotes ovarian cancer progression by regulating E-cadherin and ERK1/2 signaling. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:2662-2675. [PMID: 32892698 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1817666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) is reported to play an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis, two hallmarks of ovarian cancer (OC) that influence treatment efficacy and prognosis. However, the specific roles and underlying mechanisms of WT1 in OC have not been fully understood. Here, we investigated the potential function and signaling pathways of WT1 in OC cells. We showed that WT1 was significantly upregulated in human OC tissues and closely associated with OC type, grade and FIGO stage. In cultured cells and xenograft mouse models, WT1 depletion significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion, reversed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and prevented metastasis of OC cells. We further demonstrated that WT1 inhibited E-cadherin expression via targeting E-cadherin gene promoter by chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, ERK1/2 activation was suppressed upon WT1 silencing. Inhibiting ERK1/2 phosphorylation increased E-cadherin expression and suppressed WT1-induced OC cell migration and invasion. Taken together, our study reveals WT1 exerts a tumor-promoting role in OC, enhancing EMT through negative modulation of E-cadherin expression via ERK1/2 signaling. WT1 may represent a novel therapeutic target that may improve the prognosis of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City , Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Suqian People's Hospital of Nanjing Drum-Tower Hospital Group , Suqian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qianqian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Boqun Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xuesen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ying
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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18
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Wang J, Wang Y, Han L, Shahen M, Hu C, Li F. Multi-Omics Integration Reveals a Competitive Endogenous RNAs Network for the Identification of Progression Biomarkers and the Stratification of Patients Diagnosed With Nephroblastoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:444. [PMID: 32318341 PMCID: PMC7154083 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific types of nephroblastoma (Wilms' tumor, WT) are known to associate with poor overall survival. Emerging experimental evidence has demonstrated that competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks have important roles in regulating cancer occurrence, but the roles of ceRNAs in regulating the WT progression and the patient outcomes remain unclear. Using the multi-omics data of 132 WT patients collected from TARGET database, an integration analysis pipeline was performed to construct a highly reliable ceRNA network. As results, a total of 147 nodes (116 mRNAs, 15 miRNAs, and 16 lncRNAs) were identified and used to explore the underlying mechanism for WT progression. WGCNA analysis further identified several prognostic molecules, including hsa-mir-93, LINC00087 and RP5-1086K13, that significantly associated with the overall survival rate. And, enrichment analysis verified the participation of these molecules in tumor-related pathways, such as those controlling autophagy and cadherin-mediated adhesion. Importantly, the WT patients were classified into three categories according to the ceRNA network, which significantly correlated with the overall survival. In conclusion, the ceRNA network could be a promising tool to further validate the prognostic biomarkers and categories of patients diagnosed with WT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Wang
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.,Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of Nursing, Weinan Vocational and Technical College, Weinan, China
| | - Liang Han
- Department of Andrology, Fangshan Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mohamed Shahen
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Chaofeng Hu
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Furong Li
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.,Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Sobczuk P, Brodziak A, Khan MI, Chhabra S, Fiedorowicz M, Wełniak-Kamińska M, Synoradzki K, Bartnik E, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A, Czarnecka AM. Choosing The Right Animal Model for Renal Cancer Research. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100745. [PMID: 32092671 PMCID: PMC7036425 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in the life expectancy of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the last decade is due to changes that have occurred in the area of preclinical studies. Understanding cancer pathophysiology and the emergence of new therapeutic options, including immunotherapy, would not be possible without proper research. Before new approaches to disease treatment are developed and introduced into clinical practice they must be preceded by preclinical tests, in which animal studies play a significant role. This review describes the progress in animal model development in kidney cancer research starting from the oldest syngeneic or chemically-induced models, through genetically modified mice, finally to xenograft, especially patient-derived, avatar and humanized mouse models. As there are a number of subtypes of RCC, our aim is to help to choose the right animal model for a particular kidney cancer subtype. The data on genetic backgrounds, biochemical parameters, histology, different stages of carcinogenesis and metastasis in various animal models of RCC as well as their translational relevance are summarized. Moreover, we shed some light on imaging methods, which can help define tumor microstructure, assist in the analysis of its metabolic changes and track metastasis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Sobczuk
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Brodziak
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mohammed Imran Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Stuti Chhabra
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
| | - Michał Fiedorowicz
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Str., Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marlena Wełniak-Kamińska
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Str., Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Kamil Synoradzki
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Str., Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa Bartnik
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna M Czarnecka
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Str., Warsaw, Poland.
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20
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Kuure S, Sariola H. Mouse Models of Congenital Kidney Anomalies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1236:109-136. [PMID: 32304071 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-2389-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are common birth defects, which cause the majority of chronic kidney diseases in children. CAKUT covers a wide range of malformations that derive from deficiencies in embryonic kidney and lower urinary tract development, including renal aplasia, hypodysplasia, hypoplasia, ectopia, and different forms of ureter abnormalities. The majority of the genetic causes of CAKUT remain unknown. Research on mutant mice has identified multiple genes that critically regulate renal differentiation. The data generated from this research have served as an excellent resource to identify the genetic bases of human kidney defects and have led to significantly improved diagnostics. Furthermore, genetic data from human CAKUT studies have also revealed novel genes regulating kidney differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Kuure
- GM-Unit, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Hannu Sariola
- Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Paediatric Pathology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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21
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Murphy AJ, Chen X, Pinto EM, Williams JS, Clay MR, Pounds SB, Cao X, Shi L, Lin T, Neale G, Morton CL, Woolard MA, Mulder HL, Gil HJ, Rehg JE, Billups CA, Harlow ML, Dome JS, Houghton PJ, Easton J, Zhang J, George RE, Zambetti GP, Davidoff AM. Forty-five patient-derived xenografts capture the clinical and biological heterogeneity of Wilms tumor. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5806. [PMID: 31862972 PMCID: PMC6925259 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13646-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of model systems has limited the preclinical discovery and testing of therapies for Wilms tumor (WT) patients who have poor outcomes. Herein, we establish 45 heterotopic WT patient-derived xenografts (WTPDX) in CB17 scid-/- mice that capture the biological heterogeneity of Wilms tumor (WT). Among these 45 total WTPDX, 6 from patients with diffuse anaplastic tumors, 9 from patients who experienced disease relapse, and 13 from patients with bilateral disease are included. Early passage WTPDX show evidence of clonal selection, clonal evolution and enrichment of blastemal gene expression. Favorable histology WTPDX are sensitive, whereas unfavorable histology WTPDX are resistant to conventional chemotherapy with vincristine, actinomycin-D, and doxorubicin given singly or in combination. This WTPDX library is a unique scientific resource that retains the spectrum of biological heterogeneity present in WT and provides an essential tool to test targeted therapies for WT patient groups with poor outcomes. The progress in pre-clinical drug discovery for Wilms tumor (WT) is limited by a lack of disease models. Here, the authors develop 45 heterotopic WT patient-derived xenografts including several anaplastic models that recapitulate the biological heterogeneity of WT, and propose this as a resource for evaluating future therapeutics for WT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Murphy
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA. .,Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 910 Madison Ave. 2nd floor, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Emilia M Pinto
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Justin S Williams
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Michael R Clay
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Stanley B Pounds
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Xueyuan Cao
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.,College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 920 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Tong Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Geoffrey Neale
- Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Christopher L Morton
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Mary A Woolard
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Heather L Mulder
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Hyea Jin Gil
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jerold E Rehg
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Catherine A Billups
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Matthew L Harlow
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Room D640E, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Dome
- Division of Oncology, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Peter J Houghton
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, 8403 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - John Easton
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Rani E George
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Room D640E, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Gerard P Zambetti
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Andrew M Davidoff
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.,Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 910 Madison Ave. 2nd floor, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
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22
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Wegert J, Zauter L, Appenzeller S, Otto C, Bausenwein S, Vokuhl C, Ernestus K, Furtwängler R, Graf N, Gessler M. High-risk blastemal Wilms tumor can be modeled by 3D spheroid cultures in vitro. Oncogene 2019; 39:849-861. [PMID: 31562394 PMCID: PMC6976522 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In vitro models represent a critical tool in cancer research to study tumor biology and to evaluate new treatment options. Unfortunately, there are no effective preclinical models available that represent Wilms tumor (WT) — the most common pediatric renal tumor. Especially the high-risk blastemal WT subtype is not represented by the few primary cell lines established until now. Here, we describe a new 3D approach for in vitro cultivation of blastemal WT cells, where primary cultures grown in suspension as spheroids could be propagated long-term. Besides blastemal cultures, we could generate spheroids representing epithelial and stromal WT. Spheroid cultures were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in comparison to corresponding tumor sections and were further characterized by RNA sequencing. Histological appearance of spheroids resembled the original tumor and they expressed marker genes characteristic of early renal development and blastemal WT elements. The cultures were amenable to genetic manipulation and they formed xenograft tumors, which resemble the primary human tumor. This collection of WT spheroids that carry different genetic drivers forms a long-sought tool for drug testing and in vitro modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Wegert
- Theodor-Boveri-Institute/Biocenter, Developmental Biochemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Zauter
- Theodor-Boveri-Institute/Biocenter, Developmental Biochemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Silke Appenzeller
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Otto
- Experimental Surgery, Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Bausenwein
- Theodor-Boveri-Institute/Biocenter, Developmental Biochemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Vokuhl
- Kiel Pediatric Tumor Registry, Section of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karen Ernestus
- Institute for Pathology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Rhoikos Furtwängler
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Children's Hospital, Saarland University and Saarland University Medical Centre, Homburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Graf
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Children's Hospital, Saarland University and Saarland University Medical Centre, Homburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Gessler
- Theodor-Boveri-Institute/Biocenter, Developmental Biochemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
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23
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Mariottini C, Munari L, Gunzel E, Seco JM, Tzavaras N, Hansen J, Stern SA, Gao V, Aleyasin H, Sharma A, Azeloglu EU, Hodes GE, Russo SJ, Huff V, Birtwistle MR, Blitzer RD, Alberini CM, Iyengar R. Wilm's tumor 1 promotes memory flexibility. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3756. [PMID: 31434897 PMCID: PMC6704057 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11781-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, strength and persistence of memory must be regulated in order to produce behavioral flexibility. In fact, impairments in memory flexibility are associated with pathologies such as post-traumatic stress disorder or autism; however, the underlying mechanisms that enable memory flexibility are still poorly understood. Here, we identify transcriptional repressor Wilm's Tumor 1 (WT1) as a critical synaptic plasticity regulator that decreases memory strength, promoting memory flexibility. WT1 is activated in the hippocampus following induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) or learning. WT1 knockdown enhances CA1 neuronal excitability, LTP and long-term memory whereas its overexpression weakens memory retention. Moreover, forebrain WT1-deficient mice show deficits in both reversal, sequential learning tasks and contextual fear extinction, exhibiting impaired memory flexibility. We conclude that WT1 limits memory strength or promotes memory weakening, thus enabling memory flexibility, a process that is critical for learning from new experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mariottini
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, 10029, NY, USA.
- Systems Biology Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, 10029, NY, USA.
| | - Leonardo Munari
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, 10029, NY, USA
| | - Ellen Gunzel
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, 10029, NY, USA
- Systems Biology Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, 10029, NY, USA
| | - Joseph M Seco
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, 10029, NY, USA
| | - Nikos Tzavaras
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, 10029, NY, USA
| | - Jens Hansen
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, 10029, NY, USA
- Systems Biology Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, 10029, NY, USA
| | - Sarah A Stern
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, 10029, NY, USA
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, 10003, NY, USA
| | - Virginia Gao
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, 10029, NY, USA
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, 10003, NY, USA
| | - Hossein Aleyasin
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, 10029, NY, USA
| | - Ali Sharma
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, 10029, NY, USA
| | - Evren U Azeloglu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, 10029, NY, USA
| | - Georgia E Hodes
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, 10029, NY, USA
| | - Scott J Russo
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, 10029, NY, USA
| | - Vicki Huff
- Department of Genetics, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
| | - Marc R Birtwistle
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, 10029, NY, USA
- Systems Biology Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, 10029, NY, USA
| | - Robert D Blitzer
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, 10029, NY, USA
| | - Cristina M Alberini
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, 10029, NY, USA.
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, 10003, NY, USA.
| | - Ravi Iyengar
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, 10029, NY, USA.
- Systems Biology Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, 10029, NY, USA.
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24
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Abstract
In this Perspective, Bharathavikru and Hastie discuss recent studies published by Hunter et al., investigating the molecular mechanisms by which mutations in the gene encoding the RNA degradation component DIS3L2 lead to Perlman syndrome, and Chen et al., who show that microRNA processing gene mutations in Wilms tumor leads to an increase in the levels of transcription factor PLAG1 that in turn activates IGF2 expression. Overgrowth syndromes such as Perlman syndrome and associated pediatric cancers, including Wilms tumor, arise through genetic and, in certain instances, also epigenetic changes. In the case of the Beckwith-Wiedemann overgrowth syndrome and in Wilms tumor, increased levels of IGF2 have been shown to be causally related to the disease manifestation. In the previous issue of Genes & Development, Hunter and colleagues (pp. 903–908) investigated the molecular mechanisms by which mutations in the gene encoding the RNA degradation component DIS3L2 lead to Perlman syndrome. By analyzing nephron progenitor cells derived from their newly created Dis3l2 mutant mouse lines, the investigators showed that DIS3L2 loss of function leads to up-regulation of IGF2 independently of the let7 microRNA pathway. In a second study in this issue of Genes & Development, Chen and colleagues (pp. 996–1007) show that microRNA processing gene mutations in Wilms tumor lead to an increase in the levels of transcription factor pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) that in turn activates IGF2 expression. Thus, augmented IGF2 expression seems to be a common downstream factor in both tissue overgrowth and Wilms tumor through several alternative mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruthrothaselvi Bharathavikru
- Medical Research Council, Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas D Hastie
- Medical Research Council, Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
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25
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Kurtzeborn K, Kwon HN, Kuure S. MAPK/ERK Signaling in Regulation of Renal Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1779. [PMID: 30974877 PMCID: PMC6479953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are common birth defects derived from abnormalities in renal differentiation during embryogenesis. CAKUT is the major cause of end-stage renal disease and chronic kidney diseases in children, but its genetic causes remain largely unresolved. Here we discuss advances in the understanding of how mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) activity contributes to the regulation of ureteric bud branching morphogenesis, which dictates the final size, shape, and nephron number of the kidney. Recent studies also demonstrate that the MAPK/ERK pathway is directly involved in nephrogenesis, regulating both the maintenance and differentiation of the nephrogenic mesenchyme. Interestingly, aberrant MAPK/ERK signaling is linked to many cancers, and recent studies suggest it also plays a role in the most common pediatric renal cancer, Wilms' tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Kurtzeborn
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Hyuk Nam Kwon
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Satu Kuure
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
- GM-unit, Laboratory Animal Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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26
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Abstract
Wilms tumour is the most common renal malignancy of childhood. The disease is curable in the majority of cases, albeit at considerable cost in terms of late treatment-related effects in some children. However, one in ten children with Wilms tumour will die of their disease despite modern treatment approaches. The genetic changes that underpin Wilms tumour have been defined by studies of familial cases and by unbiased DNA sequencing of tumour genomes. Together, these approaches have defined the landscape of cancer genes that are operative in Wilms tumour, many of which are intricately linked to the control of fetal nephrogenesis. Advances in our understanding of the germline and somatic genetic changes that underlie Wilms tumour may translate into better patient outcomes. Improvements in risk stratification have already been seen through the introduction of molecular biomarkers into clinical practice. A host of additional biomarkers are due to undergo clinical validation. Identifying actionable mutations has led to potential new targets, with some novel compounds undergoing testing in early phase trials. Avenues that warrant further exploration include targeting Wilms tumour cancer genes with a non-redundant role in nephrogenesis and targeting the fetal renal transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn Dora Treger
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Tanzina Chowdhury
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kathy Pritchard-Jones
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Sam Behjati
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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27
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Chen W, Zhuang J, Gong L, Dai Y, Diao H. Investigating the dysfunctional pathogenesis of Wilms' tumor through a multidimensional integration strategy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:136. [PMID: 31157257 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.03.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Wilms' tumor (WT) is a common kidney tumor in early childhood which is characterized by multiple congenital anomalies and syndromes. With the continuous improvement of medical standards, the cure rate and survival period of WT have increased. However, its molecular mechanism is still elusive. Methods A comprehensive multidimensional integration strategy was used to comprehensively analyze the mechanisms of WT. Results By integrating the potential pathogenic genes of kidney cancer and performing co-expression analysis on the disease-related genes, 23 functional modules were obtained. All the genes were differentially expressed in WT, and were mainly involved in many biological processes and signaling pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin, mTOR/ERK and calcineurin. Additionally, based on the relationship between transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory systems, in functional modules, transcription factors (TFs) including STAT3, HDAC1 and SP1 as well as non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as miR-335-5p, miR-21-5p and TUG1 were identified. Finally, potential drugs for these multifactor regulated dysfunctional modules which may have certain pharmacological or toxicological effects on WT such as cisplatin, sorafenib, and zinc were predicted. Conclusions A multidimensional dysfunction mechanism, involving disease-related genes, TFs and ncRNAs was revealed in the pathogenesis of WT. Functional modules were used to predict potential drugs which can be used in personalized therapy and drug delivery. This study explored the pathogenesis of WT from a new perspective, and provides new candidate targets and therapeutic drugs for improving the cure rate of WT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jia Zhuang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Puning People's Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Jieyang 515300, China
| | - Lan Gong
- Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Hongyan Diao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
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28
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Meng K, Wang X, He Y, Yang J, Wang H, Zhang Y, Quan F. The Wilms tumor gene (WT1) (+/−KTS) isoforms regulate steroidogenesis by modulating the PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 pathways in bovine granulosa cells†. Biol Reprod 2019; 100:1344-1355. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bio-Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bio-Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bio-Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jiashu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bio-Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hengqin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bio-Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bio-Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fusheng Quan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bio-Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
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29
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Sato Y, Haruta M, Kaneko Y, Nakasato Y, Kurosawa H, Yoshihara S. Paternally inherited WT1 mutation plus uniparental disomy of 11p may be an essential mechanism for development of WT1-mutated familial Wilms tumor. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27442. [PMID: 30221469 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masayuki Haruta
- Department of Cancer Diagnosis, Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Ina, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kaneko
- Department of Cancer Diagnosis, Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Ina, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Nakasato
- Department of Anatomic and Diagnostic Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Kurosawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shigemi Yoshihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
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30
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Kruber P, Angay O, Winkler A, Bösl MR, Kneitz S, Heinze KG, Gessler M. Loss or oncogenic mutation of DROSHA
impairs kidney development and function, but is not sufficient for Wilms tumor formation. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:1391-1400. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Kruber
- Theodor-Boveri-Institute/Biocenter, Developmental Biochemistry; Wuerzburg University; Wuerzburg Germany
| | - Oguzhan Angay
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine; University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Anja Winkler
- Theodor-Boveri-Institute/Biocenter, Developmental Biochemistry; Wuerzburg University; Wuerzburg Germany
| | - Michael R. Bösl
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine; University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Susanne Kneitz
- Theodor-Boveri-Institute/Biocenter, Physiological Chemistry; Wuerzburg University; Wuerzburg Germany
| | - Katrin G. Heinze
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine; University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Manfred Gessler
- Theodor-Boveri-Institute/Biocenter, Developmental Biochemistry; Wuerzburg University; Wuerzburg Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken; Wuerzburg University; Wuerzburg Germany
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31
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Chen KS, Stroup EK, Budhipramono A, Rakheja D, Nichols-Vinueza D, Xu L, Stuart SH, Shukla AA, Fraire C, Mendell JT, Amatruda JF. Mutations in microRNA processing genes in Wilms tumors derepress the IGF2 regulator PLAG1. Genes Dev 2018; 32:996-1007. [PMID: 30026293 PMCID: PMC6075147 DOI: 10.1101/gad.313783.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many childhood Wilms tumors are driven by mutations in the microRNA biogenesis machinery, but the mechanism by which these mutations drive tumorigenesis is unknown. Here we show that the transcription factor pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) is a microRNA target gene that is overexpressed in Wilms tumors with mutations in microRNA processing genes. Wilms tumors can also overexpress PLAG1 through copy number alterations, and PLAG1 expression correlates with prognosis in Wilms tumors. PLAG1 overexpression accelerates growth of Wilms tumor cells in vitro and induces neoplastic growth in the developing mouse kidney in vivo. In both settings, PLAG1 transactivates insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), a key Wilms tumor oncogene, and drives mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. These data link microRNA impairment to the PLAG1-IGF2 pathway, providing new insight into the manner in which common Wilms tumor mutations drive disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Margaret Gill Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Health, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Emily K Stroup
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Albert Budhipramono
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Dinesh Rakheja
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Diana Nichols-Vinueza
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Clinical Science, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75290, USA
| | - Sarai H Stuart
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Abhay A Shukla
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Claudette Fraire
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Joshua T Mendell
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - James F Amatruda
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Margaret Gill Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Health, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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32
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Hunter RW, Liu Y, Manjunath H, Acharya A, Jones BT, Zhang H, Chen B, Ramalingam H, Hammer RE, Xie Y, Richardson JA, Rakheja D, Carroll TJ, Mendell JT. Loss of Dis3l2 partially phenocopies Perlman syndrome in mice and results in up-regulation of Igf2 in nephron progenitor cells. Genes Dev 2018; 32:903-908. [PMID: 29950491 PMCID: PMC6075040 DOI: 10.1101/gad.315804.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Loss of function of the DIS3L2 exoribonuclease is associated with Wilms tumor and the Perlman congenital overgrowth syndrome. Here, Hunter et al.’s analysis of Dis3l2-null nephron progenitor cells reveals up-regulation of Igf2, a growth-promoting gene strongly associated with Wilms tumorigenesis. Loss of function of the DIS3L2 exoribonuclease is associated with Wilms tumor and the Perlman congenital overgrowth syndrome. LIN28, a Wilms tumor oncoprotein, triggers the DIS3L2-mediated degradation of the precursor of let-7, a microRNA that inhibits Wilms tumor development. These observations have led to speculation that DIS3L2-mediated tumor suppression is attributable to let-7 regulation. Here we examine new DIS3L2-deficient cell lines and mouse models, demonstrating that DIS3L2 loss has no effect on mature let-7 levels. Rather, analysis of Dis3l2-null nephron progenitor cells, a potential cell of origin of Wilms tumors, reveals up-regulation of Igf2, a growth-promoting gene strongly associated with Wilms tumorigenesis. These findings nominate a new potential mechanism underlying the pathology associated with DIS3L2 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W Hunter
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Yangjian Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Hema Manjunath
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Asha Acharya
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Benjamin T Jones
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Beibei Chen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Harini Ramalingam
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Robert E Hammer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - James A Richardson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Dinesh Rakheja
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Health, Dallas, Texas 75235, USA
| | - Thomas J Carroll
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Joshua T Mendell
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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33
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The Glucose-Regulated MiR-483-3p Influences Key Signaling Pathways in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10060181. [PMID: 29867024 PMCID: PMC6025222 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hsa-mir-483 gene, located within the IGF2 locus, transcribes for two mature microRNAs, miR-483-5p and miR-483-3p. This gene, whose regulation is mediated by the the CTNNB1/USF1 complex, shows an independent expression from its host gene IGF2. The miR-483-3p affects the Wnt/β-catenin, the TGF-β, and the TP53 signaling pathways by targeting several genes as CTNNB1, SMAD4, IGF1, and BBC3. Accordingly, miR-483-3p is associated with various tissues specific physiological properties as insulin and melanin production, as well as with cellular physiological functions such as wounding, differentiation, proliferation, and survival. Deregulation of miR-483-3p is observed in different types of cancer, and its overexpression can inhibit the pro-apoptotic pathway induced by the TP53 target effectors. As a result, the oncogenic characteristics of miR-483-3p are linked to the effect of some of the most relevant cancer-related genes, TP53 and CTNNB1, as well as to one of the most important cancer hallmark: the aberrant glucose metabolism of tumor cells. In this review, we summarize the recent findings regarding the miR-483-3p, to elucidate its functional role in physiological and pathological contexts, focusing overall on its involvement in cancer and in the TP53 pathway.
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34
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Fukuzawa R, Anaka MR, Morison IM, Reeve AE. The developmental programme for genesis of the entire kidney is recapitulated in Wilms tumour. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186333. [PMID: 29040332 PMCID: PMC5645110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilms tumour (WT) is an embryonal tumour that recapitulates kidney development. The normal kidney is formed from two distinct embryological origins: the metanephric mesenchyme (MM) and the ureteric bud (UB). It is generally accepted that WT arises from precursor cells in the MM; however whether UB-equivalent structures participate in tumorigenesis is uncertain. To address the question of the involvement of UB, we assessed 55 Wilms tumours for the molecular features of MM and UB using gene expression profiling, immunohistochemsitry and immunofluorescence. Expression profiling primarily based on the Genitourinary Molecular Anatomy Project data identified molecular signatures of the UB and collecting duct as well as those of the proximal and distal tubules in the triphasic histology group. We performed immunolabeling for fetal kidneys and WTs. We focused on a central epithelial blastema pattern which is the characteristic of triphasic histology characterized by UB-like epithelial structures surrounded by MM and MM-derived epithelial structures, evoking the induction/aggregation phase of the developing kidney. The UB-like epithelial structures and surrounding MM and epithelial structures resembling early glomerular epithelium, proximal and distal tubules showed similar expression patterns to those of the developing kidney. These observations indicate WTs can arise from a precursor cell capable of generating the entire kidney, such as the cells of the intermediate mesoderm from which both the MM and UB are derived. Moreover, this provides an explanation for the variable histological features of mesenchymal to epithelial differentiation seen in WT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Fukuzawa
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Fuchu, Japan
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Matthew R. Anaka
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ian M. Morison
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Anthony E. Reeve
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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35
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Damaschke NA, Yang B, Bhusari S, Avilla M, Zhong W, Blute ML, Huang W, Jarrard DF. Loss of Igf2 Gene Imprinting in Murine Prostate Promotes Widespread Neoplastic Growth. Cancer Res 2017; 77:5236-5247. [PMID: 28775169 PMCID: PMC9741865 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-3089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Loss of imprinting (LOI) is an epigenetic event that relaxes an allele-specific restriction on gene expression. One gene that experiences LOI is the paracrine insulin-like growth factor IGF2, which occurs commonly in human prostate tissues during aging and tumorigenesis. However, the relationship between IGF2 LOI and prostate tumorigenesis has not been established functionally. In this study, we created a mouse model with CTCF-binding site mutations at the Igf2-H19 imprint control region that abolishes CTCF insulator activity, resulting in biallelic Igf2 expression that mimics increased levels seen with aging-induced LOI. We found that Igf2 LOI increased the prevalence and severity of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), a premalignant lesion. Engineering Nkx3.1 deficiency into our model increased the frequency of PIN lesions in an additive fashion. Prostates harboring LOI displayed increased MAPK signaling and epithelial proliferation. In human prostate tissue arrays, we documented a positive correlation in benign tissues of IGF2 levels with phospho-ERK and phospho-AKT levels. Overall, our results establish that Igf2 LOI is sufficient on its own to increase rates of neoplastic development in the prostate by upregulating critical cancer-associated signaling pathways. Cancer Res; 77(19); 5236-47. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Damaschke
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sachin Bhusari
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mele Avilla
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Weixiong Zhong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michael L. Blute
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David F. Jarrard
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA, University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA, Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA Madison, WI, USA,Corresponding author: D.F. Jarrard, M.D, 7037 Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792. Phone 608-252-0937, Fax (608)265-0614,
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36
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Markovsky E, Vax E, Ben-Shushan D, Eldar-Boock A, Shukrun R, Yeini E, Barshack I, Caspi R, Harari-Steinberg O, Pode-Shakked N, Dekel B, Satchi-Fainaro R. Wilms Tumor NCAM-Expressing Cancer Stem Cells as Potential Therapeutic Target for Polymeric Nanomedicine. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:2462-2472. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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Abstract
Light improves cognitive function in humans; however, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying positive effects of light remain unclear. One obstacle is that most rodent models have employed lighting conditions that cause cognitive deficits rather than improvements. Here we have developed a mouse model where light improves cognitive function, which provides insight into mechanisms underlying positive effects of light. To increase light exposure without eliminating daily rhythms, we exposed mice to either a standard photoperiod or a long day photoperiod. Long days enhanced long-term recognition memory, and this effect was abolished by loss of the photopigment melanopsin. Further, long days markedly altered hippocampal clock function and elevated transcription of Insulin-like Growth Factor2 (Igf2). Up-regulation of Igf2 occurred in tandem with suppression of its transcriptional repressor Wilm’s tumor1. Consistent with molecular de-repression of Igf2, IGF2 expression was increased in the hippocampus before and after memory training. Lastly, long days occluded IGF2-induced improvements in recognition memory. Collectively, these results suggest that light changes hippocampal clock function to alter memory, highlighting novel mechanisms that may contribute to the positive effects of light. Furthermore, this study provides insight into how the circadian clock can regulate hippocampus-dependent learning by controlling molecular processes required for memory consolidation.
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38
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Hu Q, Hisamatsu T, Haemmerle M, Cho MS, Pradeep S, Rupaimoole R, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Lopez-Berestein G, Wong STC, Sood AK, Afshar-Kharghan V. Role of Platelet-Derived Tgfβ1 in the Progression of Ovarian Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:5611-5621. [PMID: 28611202 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-3272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Transforming growth factor β1 (Tgfβ1) plays an important role in cancer. Most of Tgfβ1 in plasma is from platelets; thus, we studied whether platelet Tgfβ1 has any role in the progression of ovarian cancer, and whether this role is limited to metastasis or also involves the growth of primary tumors.Experimental Design: We compared the growth of murine ovarian cancer cell-induced tumors in platelet-specific Tgfβ1-deficient mice and wild-type mice. Using resected tumor nodules, we studied the effect of platelet Tgfβ1 on neoangiogenesis and on platelet extravasation into tumors. To investigate the effect of Tgfβ1 at different stages of ovarian cancer, we reduced expression of Tgfβ1 receptor (its TgfβR1 component) in tumors at different time points after injection of cancer cells, and compared the final tumor size.Results: Lack of platelet Tgfβ1 in mice reduced tumor growth, neoangiogenesis, and platelet extravasation. Ovarian cancer tumors in platelet-specific Tgfβ1-deficient mice reached less than half of their size in wild-type littermates. Knockdown of TgfβR1 on cancer cells in the first 2 weeks after their injection reduced tumor growth, but was less effective if initiated after 3 weeks.Conclusions: We showed that platelet Tgfβ1 increased the growth of primary tumors in murine models of ovarian cancer. We also showed that inhibition of TgfβR1 is more effective in reducing the growth of ovarian cancer if initiated earlier. Our results supported a therapeutic benefit in preventing platelet activation, degranulation, and release of Tgfβ1 in ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 23(18); 5611-21. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianghua Hu
- Department of Benign Hematology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Takeshi Hisamatsu
- Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Monika Haemmerle
- Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Min Soon Cho
- Department of Benign Hematology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sunila Pradeep
- Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rajesha Rupaimoole
- Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephen T C Wong
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Anil K Sood
- Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Vahid Afshar-Kharghan
- Department of Benign Hematology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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39
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Polosukhina D, Love HD, Correa H, Su Z, Dahlman KB, Pao W, Moses HL, Arteaga CL, Lovvorn HN, Zent R, Clark PE. Functional KRAS mutations and a potential role for PI3K/AKT activation in Wilms tumors. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:405-421. [PMID: 28188683 PMCID: PMC5378659 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common renal neoplasm of childhood and affects 1 in 10 000 children aged less than 15 years. These embryonal tumors are thought to arise from primitive nephrogenic rests that derive from the metanephric mesenchyme during kidney development and are characterized partly by increased Wnt/β-catenin signaling. We previously showed that coordinate activation of Ras and β-catenin accelerates the growth and metastatic progression of a murine WT model. Here, we show that activating KRAS mutations can be found in human WT. In addition, high levels of phosphorylated AKT are present in the majority of WT. We further show in a mouse model and in renal epithelial cells that Ras cooperates with β-catenin to drive metastatic disease progression and promotes in vitro tumor cell growth, migration, and colony formation in soft agar. Cellular transformation and metastatic disease progression of WT cells are in part dependent on PI3K/AKT activation and are inhibited via pharmacological inhibition of this pathway. Our studies suggest both KRAS mutations and AKT activation are present in WT and may represent novel therapeutic targets for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Polosukhina
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Harold D Love
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hernan Correa
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zengliu Su
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kimberly B Dahlman
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - William Pao
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Medicine (Hematology-Oncology), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Harold L Moses
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Medicine (Hematology-Oncology), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Carlos L Arteaga
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Medicine (Hematology-Oncology), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Harold N Lovvorn
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology & Cancer Biology Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Peter E Clark
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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40
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Maturu P, Jones D, Ruteshouser EC, Hu Q, Reynolds JM, Hicks J, Putluri N, Ekmekcioglu S, Grimm EA, Dong C, Overwijk WW. Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 Pathway in Creating an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment and in Initiation and Progression of Wilms' Tumor. Neoplasia 2017; 19:237-249. [PMID: 28254151 PMCID: PMC6197604 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Wilms' tumors (WT), which accountfor 6% of all childhood cancers, arise from dysregulated differentiation of nephrogenic progenitor cells from embryonic kidneys. Though there is an improvement in the prognosis of WT, still 10% of patients with WT die due to recurrence. Thus more effective treatment approaches are necessary. We previously characterized the inflammatory microenvironment in human WT and observed the robust expression of COX-2. The aim of this study was to extend our studies to analyze the role of COX-2 pathway components in WT progression using a mouse model of WT. Herein, COX-2 pathway components such as COX-2, HIF1-α, p-ERK1/2, and p-STAT3 were upregulated in mouse and human tumor tissues. In our RPPA analysis, COX-2 was up-regulated in M15 cells after Wt1 gene was knocked down. Flow cytometry analysis showed the increased infiltration of immune suppressive inflammatory cells such as pDC's and Treg cells in tumors. The chemotactic chemokines responsible for the infiltration of these cells were also induced in CCR5 and CXCR4 dependent manner respectively. The immunosuppressive cytokines IL-10, TGF-β, and TNF-α were also up-regulated. Furthermore, more pronounced Th2 and Treg induced cytokine response was observed than Th1 response in tumors. Basing on all these evidences it is speculated that COX-2 pathway may be a beneficial target for the treatment of WT. It may be most effective as an adjuvant therapy together with other inhibitors. Thus, our current study provides a good rationale for initiating animal studies to confirm the efficacy of COX-2 inhibitors in decreasing tumor cell growth in vivo.
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Key Words
- wt, wilms' tumor
- cox-2, cyclooxygenase-2
- wt1, wilms' tumor 1 gene
- igf2, insulin growth factor2
- hif-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha
- ido, indolamine 2, 3-dioxygenase
- tgf-β, transforming growth factor beta
- tnf-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- pdcs, plasmacytoid dendritic cells
- tregs, t regulatory cells
- rppa, reverse phase protein array
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramahamsa Maturu
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 1010, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Devin Jones
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 1010, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - E Cristy Ruteshouser
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 1010, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qianghua Hu
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 1010, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joseph M Reynolds
- Department of Immunology and Center for Inflammation and Cancer, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John Hicks
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Suhendan Ekmekcioglu
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 0904, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Grimm
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 0904, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chen Dong
- Department of Immunology and Center for Inflammation and Cancer, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Willem W Overwijk
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 0904, Houston, TX, USA
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41
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Huang L, Mokkapati S, Hu Q, Ruteshouser EC, Hicks MJ, Huff V. Nephron Progenitor But Not Stromal Progenitor Cells Give Rise to Wilms Tumors in Mouse Models with β-Catenin Activation or Wt1 Ablation and Igf2 Upregulation. Neoplasia 2016; 18:71-81. [PMID: 26936393 PMCID: PMC5005262 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilms tumor, a common childhood tumor of the kidney, is thought to arise from undifferentiated renal mesenchyme. Variable tumor histology and the identification of tumor subsets displaying different gene expression profiles suggest that tumors may arise at different stages of mesenchyme differentiation and that this ontogenic variability impacts tumor pathology, biology, and clinical outcome. To test the tumorigenic potential of different cell types in the developing kidney, we used kidney progenitor-specific Cre recombinase alleles to introduce Wt1 and Ctnnb1 mutations, two alterations observed in Wilms tumor, into embryonic mouse kidney, with and without biallelic Igf2 expression, another alteration that is observed in a majority of tumors. Use of a Cre allele that targets nephron progenitors to introduce a Ctnnb1 mutation that stabilizes β-catenin resulted in the development of tumors with a predominant epithelial histology and a gene expression profile in which genes characteristic of early renal mesenchyme were not expressed. Nephron progenitors with Wt1 ablation and Igf2 biallelic expression were also tumorigenic but displayed a more triphasic histology and expressed early metanephric mesenchyme genes. In contrast, the targeting of these genetic alterations to stromal progenitors did not result in tumors. These data demonstrate that committed nephron progenitors can give rise to Wilms tumors and that committed stromal progenitors are less tumorigenic, suggesting that human Wilms tumors that display a predominantly stromal histology arise from mesenchyme before commitment to a stromal lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Huang
- Graduate Program in Genes and Development, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Sharada Mokkapati
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Qianghua Hu
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - E Cristy Ruteshouser
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - M John Hicks
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030; Department of Pathology, Immunology and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Vicki Huff
- Graduate Program in Genes and Development, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030; Graduate Program in Human and Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030; Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030; Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030.
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42
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Chen M, Zhang L, Cui X, Lin X, Li Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Qin Y, Chen D, Han C, Zhou B, Huff V, Gao F. Wt1 directs the lineage specification of sertoli and granulosa cells by repressing Sf1 expression. Development 2016; 144:44-53. [PMID: 27888191 DOI: 10.1242/dev.144105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Supporting cells (Sertoli and granulosa) and steroidogenic cells (Leydig and theca-interstitium) are two major somatic cell types in mammalian gonads, but the mechanisms that control their differentiation during gonad development remain elusive. In this study, we found that deletion of Wt1 in the ovary after sex determination caused ectopic development of steroidogenic cells at the embryonic stage. Furthermore, differentiation of both Sertoli and granulosa cells was blocked when Wt1 was deleted before sex determination and most genital ridge somatic cells differentiated into steroidogenic cells in both male and female gonads. Further studies revealed that WT1 repressed Sf1 expression by directly binding to the Sf1 promoter region, and the repressive function was completely abolished when WT1 binding sites were mutated. This study demonstrates that Wt1 is required for the lineage specification of both Sertoli and granulosa cells by repressing Sf1 expression. Without Wt1, the expression of Sf1 was upregulated and the somatic cells differentiated into steroidogenic cells instead of supporting cells. Our study uncovers a novel mechanism of somatic cell differentiation during gonad development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lianjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiwen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dahua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunsheng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Vicki Huff
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center; Graduate Programs in Human Molecular Genetics and Genes and Development, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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43
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Brok J, Treger TD, Gooskens SL, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Pritchard-Jones K. Biology and treatment of renal tumours in childhood. Eur J Cancer 2016; 68:179-195. [PMID: 27969569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In Europe, almost 1000 children are diagnosed with a malignant renal tumour each year. The vast majority of cases are nephroblastoma, also known as Wilms' tumour (WT). Most children are treated according to Société Internationale d'Oncologie Pédiatrique Renal Tumour Study Group (SIOP-RTSG) protocols with pre-operative chemotherapy, surgery, and post-operative treatment dependent on stage and histology. Overall survival approaches 90%, but a subgroup of WT, with high-risk histology and/or relapsed disease, still have a much poorer prognosis. Outcome is similarly poor for the rare non-WT, particularly for malignant rhabdoid tumour of the kidney, metastatic clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK), and metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Improving outcome and long-term quality of life requires more accurate risk stratification through biological insights. Biomarkers are also needed to signpost potential targeted therapies for high-risk subgroups. Our understanding of Wilms' tumourigenesis is evolving and several signalling pathways, microRNA processing and epigenetics are now known to play pivotal roles. Most rhabdoid tumours display somatic and/or germline mutations in the SMARCB1 gene, whereas CCSK and paediatric RCC reveal a more varied genetic basis, including characteristic translocations. Conducting early-phase trials of targeted therapies is challenging due to the scarcity of patients with refractory or relapsed disease, the rapid progression of relapse and the genetic heterogeneity of the tumours with a low prevalence of individual somatic mutations. A further consideration in improving population survival rates is the geographical variation in outcomes across Europe. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current biological knowledge of childhood renal tumours alongside the progress achieved through international collaboration. Ongoing collaboration is needed to ensure consistency of outcomes through standardised diagnostics and treatment and incorporation of biomarker research. Together, these objectives constitute the rationale for the forthcoming SIOP-RTSG 'UMBRELLA' study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Brok
- Cancer Section, University College London, Institute of Child Health, UK; Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.
| | - Taryn D Treger
- Cancer Section, University College London, Institute of Child Health, UK
| | - Saskia L Gooskens
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology and University of Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marry M van den Heuvel-Eibrink
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology and University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
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44
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Abstract
In this chapter, the role of WT1 in childhood cancer is discussed, using the key examples Wilms' tumor, desmoplastic small round cell of childhood, and leukemia. The role of WT1 in each disease is described and mirrored to the role of WT1 in normal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Charlton
- UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Kathy Pritchard-Jones
- UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
- Hugh and Catherine Stevenson Professor of Paediatric Oncology, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
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45
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Yu X, Li Z, Chan MTV, Wu WKK. The roles of microRNAs in Wilms' tumors. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:1445-50. [PMID: 26634744 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4514-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilms' tumor is the most common renal tumor in children in which diffusely anaplastic or unfavorable histology foreshadows poor prognosis. MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Accumulating evidence shows that microRNA dysregulation takes part in the pathogenesis of many renal diseases, such as chronic kidney diseases, polycystic kidney disease, renal fibrosis, and renal cancers. In Wilms' tumor, dysregulation of some key oncogenic or tumor-suppressing microRNAs, such as miR-17~92 cluster, miR-185, miR-204, and miR-483, has been documented. In this review, we will summarize current evidence on the role of dysregulated microRNAs in the development of Wilms' tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100042, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100042, China.
| | - Matthew T V Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - William Ka Kei Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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46
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Yeh CC, Sun HL, Huang CJ, Wong CS, Cherng CH, Huh BK, Wang JS, Chien CC. Long-Term Anti-Allodynic Effect of Immediate Pulsed Radiofrequency Modulation through Down-Regulation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 in a Neuropathic Pain Model. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:27156-70. [PMID: 26580597 PMCID: PMC4661871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161126013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) is effective in the treatment of neuropathic pain in clinical practice. Its application to sites proximal to nerve injury can inhibit the activity of extra-cellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) for up to 28 days. The spared nerve injury (SNI)+ immPRF group (immediate exposure to PRF for 6 min after SNI) exhibited a greater anti-allodynic effect compared with the control group (SNI alone) or the SNI + postPRF group (application of PRF for 6 min on the 14th day after SNI). Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) was selected using microarray assays and according to web-based gene ontology annotations in the SNI + immPRF group. An increase in IGF2 and activation of ERK1/2 were attenuated by the immPRF treatment compared with an SNI control group. Using immunofluorescent staining, we detected co-localized phosphorylated ERK1/2 and IGF2 in the dorsal horn regions of rats from the SNI group, where the IGF2 protein predominantly arose in CD11b- or NeuN-positive cells, whereas IGF2 immunoreactivity was not detected in the SNI + immPRF group. Taken together, these results suggest that PRF treatment immediately after nerve injury significantly inhibited the development of neuropathic pain with a lasting effect, most likely through IGF2 down-regulation and the inhibition of ERK1/2 activity primarily in microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chang Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University and Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan.
- Department of Anesthesiology and Integrated Pain Management Center, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Lun Sun
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City 22174, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Jung Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10631, Taiwan.
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Shung Wong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Integrated Pain Management Center, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10631, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Hwan Cherng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Integrated Pain Management Center, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Billy Keon Huh
- Department of Pain Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Jinn-Shyan Wang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Cheng Chien
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10631, Taiwan.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10631, Taiwan.
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Dong L, Pietsch S, Englert C. Towards an understanding of kidney diseases associated with WT1 mutations. Kidney Int 2015; 88:684-90. [PMID: 26154924 PMCID: PMC4687464 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2015.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) cause a wide spectrum of renal manifestations, eventually leading to end-stage kidney failure. Insufficient understanding of WT1's molecular functions in kidney development has hampered efficient therapeutic applications for WT1-associated diseases. Recently, the generation and characterization of mouse models and application of multiple state-of-the-art approaches have significantly expanded our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of how WT1 mutations lead to kidney failure. Here, we discuss the WT1 binding consensus and illustrate the major roles of WT1 in different cell populations in kidney biology. WT1 controls metanephric mesenchyme (MM) self-renewal and proliferation mainly by regulating FGF and BMP-pSMAD signaling pathways as well as Sall1 and Pax2, encoding key transcription factors; WT1 drives MM differentiation and mesenchyme–epithelial transition by targeting Fgf8 and Wnt4; WT1 defines podocyte identity by activation of other podocyte-specific transcription factors, including Mafb, Lmx1b, FoxC2, and Tcf21. These factors potentially cooperate with WT1 regulating the expression of components and regulators of the cytoskeleton for establishing podocyte polarity, slit diaphragm structure, and focal adhesion to the glomerular basement membrane. Understanding of WT1's function in kidney biology including WT1-regulated pathways will give insights that will eventually help therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Dong
- Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Pietsch
- Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Englert
- Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany.,Faculty of Biology and Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
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Enhanced memory consolidation in mice lacking the circadian modulators Sharp1 and -2 caused by elevated Igf2 signaling in the cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E3582-9. [PMID: 26100875 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1423989112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The bHLH transcription factors SHARP1 and SHARP2 are partially redundant modulators of the circadian system. SHARP1/DEC2 has been shown to control sleep length in humans and sleep architecture is also altered in double mutant mice (S1/2(-/-)). Because of the importance of sleep for memory consolidation, we investigated the role of SHARP1 and SHARP2 in cognitive processing. S1/2(-/-) mice show enhanced cortex (Cx)-dependent remote fear memory formation as well as improved reversal learning, but do not display alterations in hippocampus (Hi)-dependent recent fear memory formation. SHARP1 and SHARP2 single null mutants do not display any cognitive phenotype supporting functional redundancy of both factors. Molecular and biochemical analyses revealed elevated insulin-related growth factor 2 (IGF2) signaling and increased phosphorylation of MAPK and S6 in the Cx but not the Hi of S1/2(-/-) mice. No changes were detected in single mutants. Moreover, adeno-associated virus type 2-mediated IGF2 overexpression in the anterior cingulate cortex enhanced remote fear memory formation and the analysis of forebrain-specific double null mutants of the Insulin and IGF1 receptors revealed their essential function for memory formation. Impaired fear memory formation in aged S1/2(-/-) mice indicates that elevated IGF2 signaling in the long term, however, has a negative impact on cognitive processing. In summary, we conclude that the bHLH transcription factors SHARP1 and SHARP2 are involved in cognitive processing by controlling Igf2 expression and associated signaling cascades. Our analyses provide evidence that the control of sleep and memory consolidation may share common molecular mechanisms.
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Berry RL, Ozdemir DD, Aronow B, Lindström NO, Dudnakova T, Thornburn A, Perry P, Baldock R, Armit C, Joshi A, Jeanpierre C, Shan J, Vainio S, Baily J, Brownstein D, Davies J, Hastie ND, Hohenstein P. Deducing the stage of origin of Wilms' tumours from a developmental series of Wt1-mutant mice. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:903-17. [PMID: 26035382 PMCID: PMC4527280 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.018523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilms' tumours, paediatric kidney cancers, are the archetypal example of tumours caused through the disruption of normal development. The genetically best-defined subgroup of Wilms' tumours is the group caused by biallelic loss of the WT1 tumour suppressor gene. Here, we describe a developmental series of mouse models with conditional loss of Wt1 in different stages of nephron development before and after the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET). We demonstrate that Wt1 is essential for normal development at all kidney developmental stages under study. Comparison of genome-wide expression data from the mutant mouse models with human tumour material of mutant or wild-type WT1 datasets identified the stage of origin of human WT1-mutant tumours, and emphasizes fundamental differences between the two human tumour groups due to different developmental stages of origin. Summary: The comparison of different nephron-specific Wt1-knockout mouse models identifies the stage of origin of human WT1-mutant Wilms' tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Berry
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Derya D Ozdemir
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Bruce Aronow
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Nils O Lindström
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Tatiana Dudnakova
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Anna Thornburn
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Paul Perry
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Richard Baldock
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Chris Armit
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Anagha Joshi
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Cécile Jeanpierre
- INSERM, UMR 1163, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, Paris 75015, France Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris 75015, France
| | - Jingdong Shan
- Biocenter Oulu, InfoTech Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Aapistie 5A, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, Oulu 90014, Finland
| | - Seppo Vainio
- Biocenter Oulu, InfoTech Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Aapistie 5A, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, Oulu 90014, Finland
| | - James Baily
- Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - David Brownstein
- Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Jamie Davies
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, 15 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Nicholas D Hastie
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Peter Hohenstein
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
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50
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Lu J, Tao YF, Li ZH, Cao L, Hu SY, Wang NN, Du XJ, Sun LC, Zhao WL, Xiao PF, Fang F, Xu LX, Li YH, Li G, Zhao H, Ni J, Wang J, Feng X, Pan J. Analyzing the gene expression profile of anaplastic histology Wilms' tumor with real-time polymerase chain reaction arrays. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:44. [PMID: 26136641 PMCID: PMC4486424 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wilms’ tumor (WT) is one of the most common malignant neoplasms of the urinary tract in children. Anaplastic histology (unfavorable histology) accounts for about 10% of whole WTs, and it is the single most important histologic predictor of treatment response and survival in patients with WT; however, until now the molecular basis of this phenotype is not very clearly. Methods A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array was designed and tested. Next, the gene expression profile of pediatric anaplastic histology WT and normal adjacent tissues were analyzed. These expression data were anlyzed with Multi Experiment View (MEV) cluster software further. Datasets representing genes with altered expression profiles derived from cluster analyses were imported into the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis Tool (IPA). Results 88 real-time PCR primer pairs for quantitative gene expression analysis of key genes involved in pediatric anaplastic histology WT were designed and tested. The gene expression profile of pediatric anaplastic histology WT is significantly different from adjacent normal controls; we identified 15 genes that are up-regulated and 16 genes that are down-regulated in the former. To investigate biological interactions of these differently regulated genes, datasets representing genes with altered expression profiles were imported into the IPA for further analysis, which revealed three significant networks: Cancer, Hematological Disease, and Gene Expression, which included 27 focus molecules and a significance score of 43. The IPA analysis also grouped the differentially expressed genes into biological mechanisms related to Cell Death and Survival 1.15E−12, Cellular Development 2.84E−11, Cellular Growth and Proliferation 2.84E-11, Gene Expression 4.43E−10, and DNA Replication, Recombination, and Repair 1.39E−07. The important upstream regulators of pediatric anaplastic histology WT were TP53 and TGFβ1 signaling (P = 1.15E−14 and 3.79E−13, respectively). Conclusions Our study demonstrates that the gene expression profile of pediatric anaplastic histology WT is significantly different from adjacent normal tissues with real-time PCR array. We identified some genes that are dysregulated in pediatric anaplastic histology WT for the first time, such as HDAC7, and IPA analysis showed the most important pathways for pediatric anaplastic histology WT are TP53 and TGFβ1 signaling. This work may provide new clues into the molecular mechanisms behind pediatric anaplastic histology WT. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12935-015-0197-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan-Fang Tao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Heng Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lan Cao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shao-Yan Hu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Na-Na Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, the 5th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Yin chuan, China
| | - Li-Chao Sun
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Li Zhao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Pei-Fang Xiao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li-Xiao Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - He Zhao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Ni
- Translational Research Center, Second Hospital, The Second Clinical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xing Feng
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Pan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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