1
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Lassoued N, Yero A, Jenabian MA, Soret R, Pilon N. Efficient enzyme-free method to assess the development and maturation of the innate and adaptive immune systems in the mouse colon. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11063. [PMID: 38744932 PMCID: PMC11094196 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61834-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Researchers who aim to globally analyze the gastrointestinal immune system via flow cytometry have many protocol options to choose from, with specifics generally tied to gut wall layers of interest. To get a clearer idea of the approach we should use on full-thickness colon samples from mice, we first undertook a systematic comparison of three tissue dissociation techniques: two based on enzymatic cocktails and the other one based on manual crushing. Using flow cytometry panels of general markers of lymphoid and myeloid cells, we found that the presence of cell-surface markers and relative cell population frequencies were more stable with the mechanical method. Both enzymatic approaches were associated with a marked decrease of several cell-surface markers. Using mechanical dissociation, we then developed two minimally overlapping panels, consisting of a total of 26 antibodies, for serial profiling of lymphoid and myeloid lineages from the mouse colon in greater detail. Here, we highlight how we accurately delineate these populations by manual gating, as well as the reproducibility of our panels on mouse spleen and whole blood. As a proof-of-principle of the usefulness of our general approach, we also report segment- and life stage-specific patterns of immune cell profiles in the colon. Overall, our data indicate that mechanical dissociation is more suitable and efficient than enzymatic methods for recovering immune cells from all colon layers at once. Additionally, our panels will provide researchers with a relatively simple tool for detailed immune cell profiling in the murine gastrointestinal tract, regardless of life stage or experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejia Lassoued
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre d'excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexis Yero
- Centre d'excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Human Immuno-Virology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mohammad-Ali Jenabian
- Centre d'excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Human Immuno-Virology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rodolphe Soret
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Centre d'excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Nicolas Pilon
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Centre d'excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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2
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Zhou B, Feng C, Sun S, Chen X, Zhuansun D, Wang D, Yu X, Meng X, Xiao J, Wu L, Wang J, Wang J, Chen K, Li Z, You J, Mao H, Yang S, Zhang J, Jiao C, Li Z, Yu D, Wu X, Zhu T, Yang J, Xiang L, Liu J, Chai T, Shen J, Mao CX, Hu J, Hao X, Xiong B, Zheng S, Liu Z, Feng J. Identification of signaling pathways that specify a subset of migrating enteric neural crest cells at the wavefront in mouse embryos. Dev Cell 2024:S1534-5807(24)00202-8. [PMID: 38636517 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
During enteric nervous system (ENS) development, pioneering wavefront enteric neural crest cells (ENCCs) initiate gut colonization. However, the molecular mechanisms guiding their specification and niche interaction are not fully understood. We used single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to map the spatiotemporal dynamics and molecular landscape of wavefront ENCCs in mouse embryos. Our analysis shows a progressive decline in wavefront ENCC potency during migration and identifies transcription factors governing their specification and differentiation. We further delineate key signaling pathways (ephrin-Eph, Wnt-Frizzled, and Sema3a-Nrp1) utilized by wavefront ENCCs to interact with their surrounding cells. Disruptions in these pathways are observed in human Hirschsprung's disease gut tissue, linking them to ENS malformations. Additionally, we observed region-specific and cell-type-specific transcriptional changes in surrounding gut tissues upon wavefront ENCC arrival, suggesting their role in shaping the gut microenvironment. This work offers a roadmap of ENS development, with implications for understanding ENS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung's Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Chenzhao Feng
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Song Sun
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Xuyong Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung's Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Didi Zhuansun
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung's Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung's Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xiaosi Yu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung's Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xinyao Meng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung's Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung's Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Luyao Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung's Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung's Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung's Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung's Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zejian Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung's Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jingyi You
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung's Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Handan Mao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung's Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Shimin Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung's Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung's Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Chunlei Jiao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung's Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung's Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Donghai Yu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung's Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung's Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Tianqi Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung's Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jixin Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung's Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung's Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jiazhe Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518081, China
| | | | - Juan Shen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518081, China
| | - Chuan-Xi Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Juncheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xingjie Hao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Bo Xiong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Institute for Brain Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Shan Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Jiexiong Feng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung's Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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3
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Kuil LE, Chauhan RK, de Graaf BM, Cheng WW, Kakiailatu NJM, Lasabuda R, Verhaeghe C, Windster JD, Schriemer D, Azmani Z, Brooks AS, Edie S, Reeves RH, Eggen BJL, Shepherd IT, Burns AJ, Hofstra RMW, Melotte V, Brosens E, Alves MM. ATP5PO levels regulate enteric nervous system development in zebrafish, linking Hirschsprung disease to Down Syndrome. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166991. [PMID: 38128843 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a complex genetic disorder characterized by the absence of enteric nervous system (ENS) in the distal region of the intestine. Down Syndrome (DS) patients have a >50-fold higher risk of developing HSCR than the general population, suggesting that overexpression of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) genes contribute to HSCR etiology. However, identification of responsible genes remains challenging. Here, we describe a genetic screening of potential candidate genes located on Hsa21, using the zebrafish. Candidate genes were located in the DS-HSCR susceptibility region, expressed in the human intestine, were known potential biomarkers for DS prenatal diagnosis, and were present in the zebrafish genome. With this approach, four genes were selected: RCAN1, ITSN1, ATP5PO and SUMO3. However, only overexpression of ATP5PO, coding for a component of the mitochondrial ATPase, led to significant reduction of ENS cells. Paradoxically, in vitro studies showed that overexpression of ATP5PO led to a reduction of ATP5PO protein levels. Impaired neuronal differentiation and reduced mitochondrial ATP production, were also detected in vitro, after overexpression of ATP5PO in a neuroblastoma cell line. Finally, epistasis was observed between ATP5PO and ret, the most important HSCR gene. Taken together, our results identify ATP5PO as the gene responsible for the increased risk of HSCR in DS patients in particular if RET variants are also present, and show that a balanced expression of ATP5PO is required for normal ENS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Kuil
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R K Chauhan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - B M de Graaf
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W W Cheng
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - N J M Kakiailatu
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R Lasabuda
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C Verhaeghe
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J D Windster
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Sophia's Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D Schriemer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Section Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Z Azmani
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A S Brooks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S Edie
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - R H Reeves
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - B J L Eggen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Section Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - I T Shepherd
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - A J Burns
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Gastrointestinal Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - R M W Hofstra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - V Melotte
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, GROW-school for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - E Brosens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M M Alves
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Sophia's Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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4
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Montalva L, Cheng LS, Kapur R, Langer JC, Berrebi D, Kyrklund K, Pakarinen M, de Blaauw I, Bonnard A, Gosain A. Hirschsprung disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2023; 9:54. [PMID: 37828049 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-023-00465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a rare congenital intestinal disease that occurs in 1 in 5,000 live births. HSCR is characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses of the intestine. Most patients present during the neonatal period with the first meconium passage delayed beyond 24 h, abdominal distension and vomiting. Syndromes associated with HSCR include trisomy 21, Mowat-Wilson syndrome, congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, Shah-Waardenburg syndrome and cartilage-hair hypoplasia. Multiple putative genes are involved in familial and isolated HSCR, of which the most common are the RET proto-oncogene and EDNRB. Diagnosis consists of visualization of a transition zone on contrast enema and confirmation via rectal biopsy. HSCR is typically managed by surgical removal of the aganglionic bowel and reconstruction of the intestinal tract by connecting the normally innervated bowel down to the anus while preserving normal sphincter function. Several procedures, namely Swenson, Soave and Duhamel procedures, can be undertaken and may include a laparoscopically assisted approach. Short-term and long-term comorbidities include persistent obstructive symptoms, enterocolitis and soiling. Continued research and innovation to better understand disease mechanisms holds promise for developing novel techniques for diagnosis and therapy, and improving outcomes in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Montalva
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Robert-Debré Children's University Hospital, Paris, France.
- Faculty of Health, Paris-Cité University, Paris, France.
- NeuroDiderot, INSERM UMR1141, Paris, France.
| | - Lily S Cheng
- Division of Paediatric Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of Paediatric Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Raj Kapur
- Department of Pathology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jacob C Langer
- Division of Paediatric Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dominique Berrebi
- Department of Pathology, Robert-Debré and Necker Children's University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Kristiina Kyrklund
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Pakarinen
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ivo de Blaauw
- Department of Surgery, Division of Paediatric Surgery, Radboudumc-Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Bonnard
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Robert-Debré Children's University Hospital, Paris, France
- Faculty of Health, Paris-Cité University, Paris, France
- NeuroDiderot, INSERM UMR1141, Paris, France
| | - Ankush Gosain
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
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5
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Yang Q, Wang F, Wang Z, Guo J, Chang T, Dalielihan B, Yang G, Lei C, Dang R. mRNA sequencing provides new insights into the pathogenesis of Hirschsprung's disease in mice. Pediatr Surg Int 2023; 39:268. [PMID: 37676292 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-023-05544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to use RNA sequencing and RT-qPCR to identify the main susceptibility genes linked to the occurrence and development of Hirschsprung disease in the colonic tissues of EDNRBm1yzcm and wild mice. METHODS RNA was extracted from colon tissues of 3 mutant homozygous mice and 3 wild mice. RNA degradation, contamination concentration, and integrity were then measured. The extracted RNA was then sequenced using the Illumina platform. The obtained sequence data are filtered to ensure data quality and compared to the reference genome for further analysis. DESeq2 was used for gene expression analysis of the raw data. In addition, graphene oxide enrichment analysis and RT-qPCR validation were also performed. RESULTS This study identified 8354 differentially expressed genes in EDNRBm1yzcm and wild mouse colon tissues by RNA sequencing, including 4346 upregulated genes and 4005 downregulated genes. Correspondingly, the results of RT-qPCR analysis showed good correlation with the transcriptome data. In addition, GO and KEGG enrichment results suggested that there were 8103 terms and 320 pathways in all DEGs. When P < 0.05, 1081 GO terms and 320 KEGG pathways reached a significant level. Finally, through the existing studies and the enrichment results of differentially expressed genes, it was determined that axon guidance and the focal adhesion pathway may be closely related to the occurrence of HSCR. CONCLUSIONS This study analyzed and identified the differential genes in colonic tissues between EDNRBm1yzcm mice and wild mice, which provided new insight for further mining the potential pathogenic genes of Hirschsprung's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fuwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhaofei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jiajun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Tingjin Chang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Baligen Dalielihan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ge Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ruihua Dang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China.
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6
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Lefèvre MA, Soret R, Pilon N. Harnessing the Power of Enteric Glial Cells' Plasticity and Multipotency for Advancing Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12475. [PMID: 37569849 PMCID: PMC10419543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS), known as the intrinsic nervous system of the gastrointestinal tract, is composed of a diverse array of neuronal and glial cell subtypes. Fascinating questions surrounding the generation of cellular diversity in the ENS have captivated ENS biologists for a considerable time, particularly with recent advancements in cell type-specific transcriptomics at both population and single-cell levels. However, the current focus of research in this field is predominantly restricted to the study of enteric neuron subtypes, while the investigation of enteric glia subtypes significantly lags behind. Despite this, enteric glial cells (EGCs) are increasingly recognized as equally important regulators of numerous bowel functions. Moreover, a subset of postnatal EGCs exhibits remarkable plasticity and multipotency, distinguishing them as critical entities in the context of advancing regenerative medicine. In this review, we aim to provide an updated overview of the current knowledge on this subject, while also identifying key questions that necessitate future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie A. Lefèvre
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada;
- Centre D’excellence en Recherche Sur Les Maladies Orphelines—Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 3Y7, Canada
| | - Rodolphe Soret
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada;
- Centre D’excellence en Recherche Sur Les Maladies Orphelines—Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 3Y7, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pilon
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada;
- Centre D’excellence en Recherche Sur Les Maladies Orphelines—Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 3Y7, Canada
- Département de Pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
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7
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Chen Y, Xiao Y, Zhang Y, Wang R, Wang F, Gao H, Liu Y, Zhang R, Sun H, Zhou Z, Wang S, Chen K, Sun Y, Tu M, Li J, Luo Q, Wu Y, Zhu L, Huang Y, Sun X, Guo G, Zhang D. Single-cell landscape analysis reveals systematic senescence in mammalian Down syndrome. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1310. [PMID: 37461266 PMCID: PMC10352595 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Down syndrome (DS), which is characterized by various malfunctions, is the most common chromosomal disorder. As the DS population continues to grow and most of those with DS live beyond puberty, early-onset health problems have become apparent. However, the cellular landscape and molecular alterations have not been thoroughly studied. METHODS This study utilized single-cell resolution techniques to examine DS in humans and mice, spanning seven distinct organs. A total of 71 934 mouse and 98 207 human cells were analyzed to uncover the molecular alterations occurring in different cell types and organs related to DS, specifically starting from the fetal stage. Additionally, SA-β-Gal staining, western blot, and histological study were employed to verify the alterations. RESULTS In this study, we firstly established the transcriptomic profile of the mammalian DS, deciphering the cellular map and molecular mechanism. Our analysis indicated that DS cells across various types and organs experienced senescence stresses from as early as the fetal stage. This was marked by elevated SA-β-Gal activity, overexpression of cell cycle inhibitors, augmented inflammatory responses, and a loss of cellular identity. Furthermore, we found evidence of mitochondrial disturbance, an increase in ribosomal protein transcription, and heightened apoptosis in fetal DS cells. This investigation also unearthed a regulatory network driven by an HSA21 gene, which leads to genome-wide expression changes. CONCLUSION The findings from this study offer significant insights into the molecular alterations that occur in DS, shedding light on the pathological processes underlying this disorder. These results can potentially guide future research and treatment development for DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyu Xiao
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renying Wang
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feixia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huajing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Runju Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiyu Sun
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziming Zhou
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixi Sun
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mixue Tu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Birth Defect Control and Prevention Research Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Birth Defect Control and Prevention Research Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Birth Defect Control and Prevention Research Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linling Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Birth Defect Control and Prevention Research Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoji Guo
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Birth Defect Control and Prevention Research Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Durand T, Paul-Gilloteaux P, Gora M, Laboudie L, Coron E, Neveu I, Neunlist M, Naveilhan P. Visualizing enteric nervous system activity through dye-free dynamic full-field optical coherence tomography. Commun Biol 2023; 6:236. [PMID: 36864093 PMCID: PMC9981581 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04593-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Major advances have been achieved in imaging technologies but most methodological approaches currently used to study the enteric neuronal functions rely on exogenous contrast dyes that can interfere with cellular functions or survival. In the present paper, we investigated whether full-field optical coherence tomography (FFOCT), could be used to visualize and analyze the cells of the enteric nervous system. Experimental work on whole-mount preparations of unfixed mouse colons showed that FFOCT enables the visualization of the myenteric plexus network whereas dynamic FFOCT enables to visualize and identify in situ individual cells in the myenteric ganglia. Analyzes also showed that dynamic FFOCT signal could be modified by external stimuli such veratridine or changes in osmolarity. These data suggest that dynamic FFOCT could be of great interest to detect changes in the functions of enteric neurons and glia in normal and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Durand
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Perrine Paul-Gilloteaux
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UAR 3556, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Michalina Gora
- Wyss Center for Bio and Neuroengineering, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
- ICube Laboratory, CNRS, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lara Laboudie
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Emmanuel Coron
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Geneva (HUG), rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Genève, 1205, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Neveu
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Michel Neunlist
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France.
| | - Philippe Naveilhan
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
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9
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He S, Wang J, Huang Y, Kong F, Yang R, Zhan Y, Li Z, Ye C, Meng L, Ren Y, Zhou Y, Chen G, Shen Z, Sun S, Zheng S, Dong R. Intestinal fibrosis in aganglionic segment of Hirschsprung's disease revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1193. [PMID: 36738110 PMCID: PMC9898741 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a relatively common congenital disability. Accumulating extracellular matrix (ECM) prompts intestinal fibrosis remodelling in the aganglionic segments of HSCR. The contributions of various cellular subsets in the fibrogenesis of HSCR segments are poorly understood. METHODS Single-cell transcriptomics from 8 aganglionic segments and 5 normal segments of 7 HSCR subjects and 26 healthy segments of seven healthy donors were analysed. Fibrotic phenotype and alterations were explored using differential expression analysis and single-cell trajectory analysis. Fibrosis-related transcription factors were inferred through single-cell regulatory network inference. Bulk transcriptomic data, proteomic data, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to validate the alterations in the HSCR intestine. RESULTS Various collagen, fibronectin and laminin protein-coding genes expression were up-regulated in the stromal and glial cells of the HSCR intestine. The number of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in the aganglionic segments increased, and more myofibroblasts were activated at an earlier stage in HSCR segments, which infers that there is an intestinal fibrosis phenotype in HSCR segments. The fibrotic regulators POSTN, ANXA1 and HSP70 were highly expressed in the ECM-related cellular subsets in the transitional segments and aganglionic segments. The transcription factor regulatory network revealed that fibrosis-related and megacolon-related NR2F1 in the fibroblasts and glial subsets was up-regulated in the aganglionic segment. CONCLUSIONS This work identifies intestinal fibrosis and related regulators in aganglionic segments of HSCR; hence, anti-fibrotic therapy may be considered to prevent HSCR-associated enterocolitis (HAEC), relieve intestinal stricture and improve cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei He
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryShanghai Key Laboratory of Birth DefectChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityMinistry of HealthShanghaiChina
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryShanghai Key Laboratory of Birth DefectChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityMinistry of HealthShanghaiChina
| | - Yanlei Huang
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryShanghai Key Laboratory of Birth DefectChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityMinistry of HealthShanghaiChina
| | - Fanyang Kong
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryShanghai Key Laboratory of Birth DefectChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityMinistry of HealthShanghaiChina
| | - Ran Yang
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryShanghai Key Laboratory of Birth DefectChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityMinistry of HealthShanghaiChina
| | - Yong Zhan
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryShanghai Key Laboratory of Birth DefectChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityMinistry of HealthShanghaiChina
| | - Zifeng Li
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryShanghai Key Laboratory of Birth DefectChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityMinistry of HealthShanghaiChina
| | - Chunjing Ye
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryShanghai Key Laboratory of Birth DefectChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityMinistry of HealthShanghaiChina
| | - Lingdu Meng
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryShanghai Key Laboratory of Birth DefectChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityMinistry of HealthShanghaiChina
| | - Yankang Ren
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryShanghai Key Laboratory of Birth DefectChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityMinistry of HealthShanghaiChina
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryShanghai Key Laboratory of Birth DefectChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityMinistry of HealthShanghaiChina
| | - Gong Chen
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryShanghai Key Laboratory of Birth DefectChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityMinistry of HealthShanghaiChina
| | - Zhen Shen
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryShanghai Key Laboratory of Birth DefectChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityMinistry of HealthShanghaiChina
| | - Song Sun
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryShanghai Key Laboratory of Birth DefectChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityMinistry of HealthShanghaiChina
| | - Shan Zheng
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryShanghai Key Laboratory of Birth DefectChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityMinistry of HealthShanghaiChina
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryShanghai Key Laboratory of Birth DefectChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityMinistry of HealthShanghaiChina
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10
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Aberrant expression of LINC00346 regulates cell migration and proliferation via competitively binding to miRNA-148a-3p/Dnmt1 in Hirschsprung's disease. Pediatr Surg Int 2022; 38:1273-1281. [PMID: 35836014 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-022-05144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a common birth defect caused by dysplasia of neural crest cells in the gut. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in cellular processes, including development and disease. Despite the known engagement of LINC00346 in several human diseases, its biological function in HSCR remains unknown. METHODS The relative expression levels of LINC00346, miR-148a-3p and Dnmt1 in HSCR colon tissues were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Western blot assays were conducted to investigate the Dnmt1 protein expression level. Knockdown of LINC00346 and overexpression of miR-148a-3p in SH-SY5Y and SK-N-BE(2) cell lines was conducted. Cell proliferation and migration were detected by cell counting Kit-8 assays, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assays and transwell assays. Cell apoptosis was verified by flow cytometric analysis. Furthermore, the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) activity of LINC00346 on miR-148a-5p was investigated via bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assays. RESULT Downregulation of LINC00346 and Dnmt1 was detected in HSCR tissues. Knockdown of LINC00346 and overexpression of miR-148a-3p in SK-N-BE(2) and SH-SY5Y cells inhibited cell migration and proliferation and promoted apoptosis. Moreover, the miR-148a-3p inhibitor rescued the downregulation of Dnmt1 in LINC00346 knockdown cell lines, which was evidence of the ceRNA regulatory mechanism of Dnmt1 by LINC00346. CONCLUSIONS LINC00346 was downregulated in HSCR colon tissues and acted as a ceRNA to regulate the expression of Dnmt1 in vitro. Together, these findings indicate that LINC00346 could affect the occurrence of HSCR by participating in the development of enteric neural crest cells.
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11
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Hong M, Li X, Li Y, Zhou Y, Li Y, Chi S, Cao G, Li S, Tang S. Hirschsprung's disease: key microRNAs and target genes. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:737-747. [PMID: 34880446 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01872-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to identify key microRNAs (miRNAs), pathways, and target genes mediating Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) pathogenesis and identify the diagnostic potential of miRNAs. METHODS The Gene Expression Omnibus database and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR were used to compare miRNA expression between ganglionic and aganglionic colon tissues of children with HSCR, and the TAM 2.0 database was used to identify colon tissue-specific miRNAs. The StarBase database, TargetScan database, luciferase reporter, and western blot assays were used to analyze miRNA-messenger RNA interactions. OmicShare was used to perform functional and pathway enrichment analyses of the target genes. Migration assays were performed to validate the functions of the miRNAs. RESULTS The TAM 2.0 database analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR showed that hsa-miR-192-5p, hsa-miR-200a-3p, and hsa-miR-200b-3p were colon tissue-specific and upregulated in aganglionic colon tissue compared to paired ganglionic colon tissue. These three miRNAs effectively reduced cell viability and migration. Luciferase reporter and western blot assays verified the direct interaction between these three miRNAs and the target genes of ZEB2 and FNDC3B. Furthermore, the plasma levels of these miRNAs were higher in HSCR patients than in non-HSCR patients. CONCLUSIONS Three plasma miRNAs (hsa-miR-192-5p, hsa-miR-200a-3p, and hsa-miR-200b-3p) are potential peripheral HSCR biomarkers. IMPACT The molecular mechanisms underlying HSCR are unclear. HSCR is most accurately diagnosed using rectal biopsy samples, and no consensus has been reached on the use of blood-based tests for HSCR diagnosis. Circulating miRNAs may be candidate diagnostic HSCR biomarkers because they are typically easily detectable, stable, and tissue-specific. Three plasma miRNAs (miR-200a-3p, miR-192-5p, and miR-200b-3p) are potential peripheral HSCR biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yibo Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuiqing Chi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoqing Cao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaotao Tang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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12
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Chevalier NR. Physical organogenesis of the gut. Development 2022; 149:276365. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The gut has been a central subject of organogenesis since Caspar Friedrich Wolff’s seminal 1769 work ‘De Formatione Intestinorum’. Today, we are moving from a purely genetic understanding of cell specification to a model in which genetics codes for layers of physical–mechanical and electrical properties that drive organogenesis such that organ function and morphogenesis are deeply intertwined. This Review provides an up-to-date survey of the extrinsic and intrinsic mechanical forces acting on the embryonic vertebrate gut during development and of their role in all aspects of intestinal morphogenesis: enteric nervous system formation, epithelium structuring, muscle orientation and differentiation, anisotropic growth and the development of myogenic and neurogenic motility. I outline numerous implications of this biomechanical perspective in the etiology and treatment of pathologies, such as short bowel syndrome, dysmotility, interstitial cells of Cajal-related disorders and Hirschsprung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas R. Chevalier
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7057 , 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75013 Paris , France
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13
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Bonnamour G, Charrier B, Sallis S, Leduc E, Pilon N. NR2F1 regulates a Schwann cell precursor-vs-melanocyte cell fate switch in a mouse model of Waardenburg syndrome type IV. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2022; 35:506-516. [PMID: 35816394 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Waardenburg syndrome type 4 (WS4) combines abnormal development of neural crest cell (NCC)-derived melanocytes (causing depigmentation and inner ear dysfunction) and enteric nervous system (causing aganglionic megacolon). The full spectrum of WS4 phenotype is present in Spot mice, in which an insertional mutation close to a silencer element leads to NCC-specific upregulation of the transcription factor-coding gene Nr2f1. These mice were previously found to develop aganglionic megacolon because of NR2F1-induced premature differentiation of enteric neural progenitors into enteric glia. Intriguingly, this prior work also showed that inner ear dysfunction in Spot mutants specifically affects balance but not hearing, consistent with the absence of melanocytes in the vestibule only. Here, we report an analysis of the effect of Nr2f1 upregulation on the development of both inner ear and skin melanocytes, also taking in consideration their origin relative to the dorsolateral and ventral NCC migration pathways. In the trunk, we found that NR2F1 overabundance in Spot NCCs forces dorso-laterally migrating melanoblasts to abnormally adopt a Schwann cell precursor (SCP) fate and conversely prevents ventrally migrating SCPs to normally adopt a melanoblast fate. In the head, Nr2f1 upregulation appears not to be uniform, which might explain why SCP-derived melanocytes do colonize the cochlea while non-SCP-derived melanocytes cannot reach the vestibule. Collectively, these data point to a key role for NR2F1 in the control of SCP-vs-melanocyte fate choice and unveil a new pathogenic mechanism for WS4. Moreover, our data argue against the proposed existence of a transit-amplifying compartment of melanocyte precursors in hair follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Bonnamour
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Canada.,Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Baptiste Charrier
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Canada.,Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sephora Sallis
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Canada.,Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Leduc
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Canada.,Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pilon
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Canada.,Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Département de Pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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14
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Mueller JL, Goldstein AM. The science of Hirschsprung disease: What we know and where we are headed. Semin Pediatr Surg 2022; 31:151157. [PMID: 35690468 DOI: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2022.151157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a rich network of neurons and glial cells that comprise the gastrointestinal tract's intrinsic nervous system and are responsible for controlling numerous complex functions, including digestion, transit, secretion, barrier function, and maintenance of a healthy microbiome. Development of a functional ENS relies on the coordinated interaction between enteric neural crest-derived cells and their environment as the neural crest-derived cells migrate rostrocaudally along the embryonic gut mesenchyme. Congenital or acquired disruption of ENS development leads to various neurointestinal diseases. Hirschsprung disease is a congenital neurocristopathy, a disease of the neural crest. It is characterized by a variable length of distal colonic aganglionosis due to a failure in enteric neural crest-derived cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and/or survival. In this review, we will review the science of Hirschsprung disease, targeting an audience of pediatric surgeons. We will discuss the basic biology of normal ENS development, as well as what goes awry in ENS development in Hirschsprung disease. We will review animal models that have been integral to studying this disease, as well as current hot topics and future research, including genetic risk profiling, stem cell therapy, non-invasive diagnostic techniques, single-cell sequencing techniques, and genotype-phenotype correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Mueller
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., WRN 1151, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Allan M Goldstein
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., WRN 1151, Boston, MA 02114, United States.
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15
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Mollo N, Aurilia M, Scognamiglio R, Zerillo L, Cicatiello R, Bonfiglio F, Pagano P, Paladino S, Conti A, Nitsch L, Izzo A. Overexpression of the Hsa21 Transcription Factor RUNX1 Modulates the Extracellular Matrix in Trisomy 21 Cells. Front Genet 2022; 13:824922. [PMID: 35356434 PMCID: PMC8960062 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.824922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder frequently characterized by other developmental defects, such as congenital heart disease. Analysis of gene expression profiles of hearts from trisomic fetuses have shown upregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes. The aim of this work was to identify genes on chromosome 21 potentially responsible for the upregulation of ECM genes and to pinpoint any functional consequences of this upregulation. By gene set enrichment analysis of public data sets, we identified the transcription factor RUNX1, which maps to chromosome 21, as a possible candidate for regulation of ECM genes. We assessed that approximately 80% of ECM genes overexpressed in trisomic hearts have consensus sequences for RUNX1 in their promoters. We found that in human fetal fibroblasts with chromosome 21 trisomy there is increased expression of both RUNX1 and several ECM genes, whether located on chromosome 21 or not. SiRNA silencing of RUNX1 reduced the expression of 11 of the 14 ECM genes analyzed. In addition, collagen IV, an ECM protein secreted in high concentrations in the culture media of trisomic fibroblasts, was modulated by RUNX1 silencing. Attenuated expression of RUNX1 increased the migratory capacity of trisomic fibroblasts, which are characterized by a reduced migratory capacity compared to euploid controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia Mollo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Miriam Aurilia
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Scognamiglio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Zerillo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Cicatiello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Bonfiglio
- CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Pagano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Paladino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Conti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Nitsch
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Izzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonella Izzo,
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16
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Yasui Y, Yoshizaki H, Kuwahara T, Nishida S, Kohno M, Okajima H. Transplanted neural crest cells migrate toward Auerbach's plexus layer instead of the colon surface in recipient colon pretreated with collagenase and fibronectin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 601:116-122. [PMID: 35245740 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.02.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) regulates gastrointestinal motility, secretion, and absorption. Developmental ENS dysplasia causes intestinal ganglion dysfunction, including Hirschsprung's disease. Given their potential ability to replenish insufficient neurons, transplantation of enteric neural cells provides the prospect of a cure. In this study, we used an ex vivo mouse colon transplant model to demonstrate that treatment with collagenase and fibronectin altered the migration of transplanted cells from the direction of the colon surface toward the lumen. Collagenase-treated colons exhibited enhanced expression of type III and VI collagens, which inhibited fibronectin-induced enteric neural crest cell (ENCC) migration. Invasion of neurospheres into colon was dependent on preoperative treatment of recipient colon with collagenase and fibronectin, which enhanced neurosphere motility towards the direction of colon lumen. Infiltration of transplanted ENCCs into the colon increased proportionally to the degree of dedifferentiation of surrounding smooth muscle cells, which was induced in a neurosphere-dependent manner in collagenase-treated colon. Furthermore, induction of GDNF expression, a Ret ligand that promotes enteric neural cell migration, was observed in treated colons. Our results suggest that the environment provided by the extracellular matrix of the colon surface affects the direction of transplanted ENCC migration. Moreover, these findings demonstrating that ENCCs can be accepted by the recipient colon will help to refine current strategies for cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitomo Yasui
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Yoshizaki
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Kuwahara
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Shoichi Nishida
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Miyuki Kohno
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Hideaki Okajima
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
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17
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Bélanger C, Cardinal T, Leduc E, Viger RS, Pilon N. CHARGE syndrome-associated proteins FAM172A and CHD7 influence male sex determination and differentiation through transcriptional and alternative splicing mechanisms. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22176. [PMID: 35129866 PMCID: PMC9304217 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100837rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To gain further insight into chromatin‐mediated regulation of mammalian sex determination, we analyzed the role of the CHARGE syndrome‐associated proteins FAM172A and CHD7. This study is based on our prior discoveries that a subset of corresponding mutant mice display complete male‐to‐female sex reversal, and that both of these proteins regulate co‐transcriptional alternative splicing in neural crest cells. Here, we report that FAM172A and CHD7 are present in the developing gonads when sex determination normally occurs in mice. The interactome of FAM172A in pre‐Sertoli cells again suggests a role at the chromatin‐spliceosome interface, like in neural crest cells. Accordingly, analysis of Fam172a‐mutant pre‐Sertoli cells revealed transcriptional and splicing dysregulation of hundreds of genes. Many of these genes are similarly affected in Chd7‐mutant pre‐Sertoli cells, including several known key regulators of sex determination and subsequent formation of testis cords. Among them, we notably identified Sry as a direct transcriptional target and WNT pathway‐associated Lef1 and Tcf7l2 as direct splicing targets. The identified molecular defects are also associated with the abnormal morphology of seminiferous tubules in mutant postnatal testes. Altogether, our results thus identify FAM172A and CHD7 as new players in the regulation of male sex determination and differentiation in mice, and further highlight the importance of chromatin‐mediated regulatory mechanisms in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Bélanger
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Tatiana Cardinal
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Leduc
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert S Viger
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de recherche en reproduction, développement et santé intergénérationnelle (CRDSI), Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pilon
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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18
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Arafa A, Eltantawi HE, Ragab M. Laparoscopic-assisted duhamel for hirschsprung's children older than 3 years. Afr J Paediatr Surg 2022; 19:27-31. [PMID: 34916348 PMCID: PMC8759419 DOI: 10.4103/ajps.ajps_1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is a congenital anomaly affecting the enteric nervous system commonly the rectosigmoid region. Treatment is surgical where the aganglionic segment is resected, and bowel continuity is achieved by a colo-anal anastomosis. In 1999, Georgeson et al. proposed a new technique of primary laparoscopic-assisted pull through for HD as a new gold standard. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the outcome of the laparoscopic Duhamel procedure for the management of HD in children older than 3 years. METHODS This study was performed on 8 patients who were more than 3-year-old, with confirmed diagnoses of HD. Patients who initially presented with enterocolitis or obstruction were excluded from this study. In all cases, laparoscopic-assisted Duhamel was done. RESULTS We reported our results for the 1st year follow-up period and divided our results into early outcome for the first 3 months postoperative during which we had 2 cases complaining of enterocolitis that responded to conservative treatment, we observed 2 cases of perianal excoriation that responded to medical treatment while the late outcome was reported after 3 months postoperative: We had two cases with attacks of enterocolitis at 6 months and 9 months postoperatively that needed conservative treatment in the hospital in the form of parenteral antibiotics, rectal irrigation, intravenous fluids and NP0. There was neither anastomotic leak nor stenosis. CONCLUSION Laparoscopic Duhamel for the management of HD in children older than 3 years is safe and useful procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Arafa
- Department of Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Specialized Pediatric Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haytham Esmat Eltantawi
- Department of Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Specialized Pediatric Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Moutaz Ragab
- Department of Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Specialized Pediatric Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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19
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Genetic Background Influences Severity of Colonic Aganglionosis and Response to GDNF Enemas in the Holstein Mouse Model of Hirschsprung Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313140. [PMID: 34884944 PMCID: PMC8658428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease is a congenital malformation where ganglia of the neural crest-derived enteric nervous system are missing over varying lengths of the distal gastrointestinal tract. This complex genetic condition involves both rare and common variants in dozens of genes, many of which have been functionally validated in animal models. Modifier loci present in the genetic background are also believed to influence disease penetrance and severity, but this has not been frequently tested in animal models. Here, we addressed this question using Holstein mice in which aganglionosis is due to excessive deposition of collagen VI around the developing enteric nervous system, thereby allowing us to model trisomy 21-associated Hirschsprung disease. We also asked whether the genetic background might influence the response of Holstein mice to GDNF enemas, which we recently showed to have regenerative properties for the missing enteric nervous system. Compared to Holstein mice in their original FVB/N genetic background, Holstein mice maintained in a C57BL/6N background were found to have a less severe enteric nervous system defect and to be more responsive to GDNF enemas. This change of genetic background had a positive impact on the enteric nervous system only, leaving the neural crest-related pigmentation phenotype of Holstein mice unaffected. Taken together with other similar studies, these results are thus consistent with the notion that the enteric nervous system is more sensitive to genetic background changes than other neural crest derivatives.
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20
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Arafa A, Mohamed W, Taher H, Ragab M, Abouelfadl MH. Laparoscopic-assisted transanal pull-through for hirschsprung's children older than 3 years: A case series. Afr J Paediatr Surg 2021; 18:210-214. [PMID: 34341305 PMCID: PMC8423171 DOI: 10.4103/ajps.ajps_161_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is a congenital anomaly affecting the enteric nervous system commonly the rectosigmoid region. Treatment is surgical where the aganglionic segment is resected, and bowel continuity is restored by a coloanal anastomosis. In 1999, Georgeson et al. proposed a new technique of primary laparoscopic-assisted pull-through for HD as a new gold standard. AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate the outcome of the laparoscopic-aided transanal pull-through procedure for the management of HD in children older than 3 years of age. METHODS This study was conducted on 15 consecutive patients presented to a university hospital, diagnosed as having HD relying on their clinical features, barium enema study and rectal biopsy. In all cases, laparoscopic-assisted transanal pull-through was attempted. The laparoscopic part included transition zone identification, seromuscular biopsy for fresh frozen histopathology and sigmoid and rectal mobilisation as much as possible down the peritoneal reflection. The transanal part included mobilisation of the rectal lower segment by 2-3 cm, resection till the ganglionic segment, and full-thickness two-layer coloanal anastomosis was done. RESULTS Early complications occurred in eight cases: enterocolitis in four cases and perianal excoriation occurred in four cases. There were no cases of anastomotic leak. Late complications occurred in seven patients: four cases developed stricture at the site of coloanal anastomosis and three cases experienced enterocolitis at 6 and 9 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION Laparoscopic-aided transanal pull-through procedure is a safe, feasible modality for the management of HD in children more than 3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Arafa
- Department of Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Specialized Pediatric Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wesam Mohamed
- Department of Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Specialized Pediatric Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Taher
- Department of Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Specialized Pediatric Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Moutaz Ragab
- Department of Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Specialized Pediatric Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hamed Abouelfadl
- Department of Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Specialized Pediatric Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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21
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Roles of Enteric Neural Stem Cell Niche and Enteric Nervous System Development in Hirschsprung Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189659. [PMID: 34575824 PMCID: PMC8465795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the enteric nervous system (ENS) is highly modulated by the synchronized interaction between the enteric neural crest cells (ENCCs) and the neural stem cell niche comprising the gut microenvironment. Genetic defects dysregulating the cellular behaviour(s) of the ENCCs result in incomplete innervation and hence ENS dysfunction. Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a rare complex neurocristopathy in which the enteric neural crest-derived cells fail to colonize the distal colon. In addition to ENS defects, increasing evidence suggests that HSCR patients may have intrinsic defects in the niche impairing the extracellular matrix (ECM)-cell interaction and/or dysregulating the cellular niche factors necessary for controlling stem cell behaviour. The niche defects in patients may compromise the regenerative capacity of the stem cell-based therapy and advocate for drug- and niche-based therapies as complementary therapeutic strategies to alleviate/enhance niche-cell interaction. Here, we provide a summary of the current understandings of the role of the enteric neural stem cell niche in modulating the development of the ENS and in the pathogenesis of HSCR. Deciphering the contribution of the niche to HSCR may provide important implications to the development of regenerative medicine for HSCR.
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22
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Verkuijl SJ, Friedmacher F, Harter PN, Rolle U, Broens PMA. Persistent bowel dysfunction after surgery for Hirschsprung’s disease: A neuropathological perspective. World J Gastrointest Surg 2021; 13:822-833. [PMID: 34512906 PMCID: PMC8394380 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v13.i8.822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) is a congenital disorder, characterized by aganglionosis in the distal part of the gastrointestinal tract. Despite complete surgical resection of the aganglionic segment, both constipation and fecal incontinence persist in a considerable number of patients with limited treatment options. There is growing evidence for structural abnormalities in the ganglionic bowel proximal to the aganglionosis in both humans and animals with HD, which may play a role in persistent bowel dysfunction. These abnormalities include: (1) Histopathological abnormalities of enteric neural cells; (2) Imbalanced expression of neurotransmitters and neuroproteins; (3) Abnormal expression of enteric pacemaker cells; (4) Abnormalities of smooth muscle cells; and (5) Abnormalities within the extracellular matrix. Hence, a better understanding of these previously unrecognized neuropathological abnormalities may improve follow-up and treatment in patients with HD suffering from persistent bowel dysfunction following surgical correction. In the long term, further combination of clinical and neuropathological data will hopefully enable a translational step towards more individual treatment for HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne J Verkuijl
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
- Neurological Institute (Edinger-Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60528, Germany
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, Netherlands
| | - Florian Friedmacher
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
| | - Patrick N Harter
- Neurological Institute (Edinger-Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60528, Germany
| | - Udo Rolle
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
| | - Paul MA Broens
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, Netherlands
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23
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Dynamic integration of enteric neural stem cells in ex vivo organotypic colon cultures. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15889. [PMID: 34354183 PMCID: PMC8342505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteric neural stem cells (ENSC) have been identified as a possible treatment for enteric neuropathies. After in vivo transplantation, ENSC and their derivatives have been shown to engraft within colonic tissue, migrate and populate endogenous ganglia, and functionally integrate with the enteric nervous system. However, the mechanisms underlying the integration of donor ENSC, in recipient tissues, remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to examine ENSC integration using an adapted ex vivo organotypic culture system. Donor ENSC were obtained from Wnt1cre/+;R26RYFP/YFP mice allowing specific labelling, selection and fate-mapping of cells. YFP+ neurospheres were transplanted to C57BL6/J (6–8-week-old) colonic tissue and maintained in organotypic culture for up to 21 days. We analysed and quantified donor cell integration within recipient tissues at 7, 14 and 21 days, along with assessing the structural and molecular consequences of ENSC integration. We found that organotypically cultured tissues were well preserved up to 21-days in ex vivo culture, which allowed for assessment of donor cell integration after transplantation. Donor ENSC-derived cells integrated across the colonic wall in a dynamic fashion, across a three-week period. Following transplantation, donor cells displayed two integrative patterns; longitudinal migration and medial invasion which allowed donor cells to populate colonic tissue. Moreover, significant remodelling of the intestinal ECM and musculature occurred upon transplantation, to facilitate donor cell integration within endogenous enteric ganglia. These results provide critical evidence on the timescale and mechanisms, which regulate donor ENSC integration, within recipient gut tissue, which are important considerations in the future clinical translation of stem cell therapies for enteric disease.
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Karim A, Tang CSM, Tam PKH. The Emerging Genetic Landscape of Hirschsprung Disease and Its Potential Clinical Applications. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:638093. [PMID: 34422713 PMCID: PMC8374333 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.638093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is the leading cause of neonatal functional intestinal obstruction. It is a rare congenital disease with an incidence of one in 3,500-5,000 live births. HSCR is characterized by the absence of enteric ganglia in the distal colon, plausibly due to genetic defects perturbing the normal migration, proliferation, differentiation, and/or survival of the enteric neural crest cells as well as impaired interaction with the enteric progenitor cell niche. Early linkage analyses in Mendelian and syndromic forms of HSCR uncovered variants with large effects in major HSCR genes including RET, EDNRB, and their interacting partners in the same biological pathways. With the advances in genome-wide genotyping and next-generation sequencing technologies, there has been a remarkable progress in understanding of the genetic basis of HSCR in the past few years, with common and rare variants with small to moderate effects being uncovered. The discovery of new HSCR genes such as neuregulin and BACE2 as well as the deeper understanding of the roles and mechanisms of known HSCR genes provided solid evidence that many HSCR cases are in the form of complex polygenic/oligogenic disorder where rare variants act in the sensitized background of HSCR-associated common variants. This review summarizes the roadmap of genetic discoveries of HSCR from the earlier family-based linkage analyses to the recent population-based genome-wide analyses coupled with functional genomics, and how these discoveries facilitated our understanding of the genetic architecture of this complex disease and provide the foundation of clinical translation for precision and stratified medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwarul Karim
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Clara Sze-Man Tang
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Dak-Sum Research Center, The University of Hong Kong—Karolinska Institute Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul Kwong-Hang Tam
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Dak-Sum Research Center, The University of Hong Kong—Karolinska Institute Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine, Hong Kong, China
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25
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Dora D, Ferenczi S, Stavely R, Toth VE, Varga ZV, Kovacs T, Bodi I, Hotta R, Kovacs KJ, Goldstein AM, Nagy N. Evidence of a Myenteric Plexus Barrier and Its Macrophage-Dependent Degradation During Murine Colitis: Implications in Enteric Neuroinflammation. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:1617-1641. [PMID: 34246810 PMCID: PMC8551790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Neuroinflammation in the gut is associated with many gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease. In the brain, neuroinflammatory conditions are associated with blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and subsequent neuronal injury. We sought to determine whether the enteric nervous system is similarly protected by a physical barrier and whether that barrier is disrupted in colitis. METHODS Confocal and electron microscopy were used to characterize myenteric plexus structure, and FITC-dextran assays were used to assess for presence of a barrier. Colitis was induced with dextran sulfate sodium, with co-administration of liposome-encapsulated clodronate to deplete macrophages. RESULTS We identified a blood-myenteric barrier (BMB) consisting of extracellular matrix proteins (agrin and collagen-4) and glial end-feet, reminiscent of the BBB, surrounded by a collagen-rich periganglionic space. The BMB is impermeable to the passive movement of 4 kDa FITC-dextran particles. A population of macrophages is present within enteric ganglia (intraganglionic macrophages [IGMs]) and exhibits a distinct morphology from muscularis macrophages, with extensive cytoplasmic vacuolization and mitochondrial swelling but without signs of apoptosis. IGMs can penetrate the BMB in physiological conditions and establish direct contact with neurons and glia. Dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis leads to BMB disruption, loss of its barrier integrity, and increased numbers of IGMs in a macrophage-dependent process. CONCLUSIONS In intestinal inflammation, macrophage-mediated degradation of the BMB disrupts its physiological barrier function, eliminates the separation of the intra- and extra-ganglionic compartments, and allows inflammatory stimuli to access the myenteric plexus. This suggests a potential mechanism for the onset of neuroinflammation in colitis and other GI pathologies with acquired enteric neuronal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dora
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilamer Ferenczi
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rhian Stavely
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Viktoria E. Toth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary,HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan V. Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary,HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamas Kovacs
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ildiko Bodi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ryo Hotta
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Krisztina J. Kovacs
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Allan M. Goldstein
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Allan M. Goldstein, MD, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, WRN 1151, Boston, Massachusetts 02114. fax: (617) 726-2167.
| | - Nandor Nagy
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Nandor Nagy, PhD, Semmelweis University, Tuzolto st. 58, Budapest 1094, Hungary. fax: (36) 1-2153064.
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26
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Chevalier NR, Ammouche Y, Gomis A, Langlois L, Guilbert T, Bourdoncle P, Dufour S. A neural crest cell isotropic-to-nematic phase transition in the developing mammalian gut. Commun Biol 2021; 4:770. [PMID: 34162999 PMCID: PMC8222382 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
While the colonization of the embryonic gut by neural crest cells has been the subject of intense scrutiny over the past decades, we are only starting to grasp the morphogenetic transformations of the enteric nervous system happening in the fetal stage. Here, we show that enteric neural crest cell transit during fetal development from an isotropic cell network to a square grid comprised of circumferentially-oriented cell bodies and longitudinally-extending interganglionic fibers. We present ex-vivo dynamic time-lapse imaging of this isotropic-to-nematic phase transition and show that it occurs concomitantly with circular smooth muscle differentiation in all regions of the gastrointestinal tract. Using conditional mutant embryos with enteric neural crest cells depleted of β1-integrins, we show that cell-extracellular matrix anchorage is necessary for ganglia to properly reorient. We demonstrate by whole mount second harmonic generation imaging that fibrous, circularly-spun collagen I fibers are in direct contact with neural crest cells during the orientation transition, providing an ideal orientation template. We conclude that smooth-muscle associated extracellular matrix drives a critical reorientation transition of the enteric nervous system in the mammalian fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas R Chevalier
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université de Paris/CNRS UMR 7057, Paris, France.
| | - Yanis Ammouche
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université de Paris/CNRS UMR 7057, Paris, France
| | - Anthony Gomis
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université de Paris/CNRS UMR 7057, Paris, France
| | - Lucas Langlois
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université de Paris/CNRS UMR 7057, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Guilbert
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris (UMR-S1016), Paris, France
| | - Pierre Bourdoncle
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris (UMR-S1016), Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Dufour
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France
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Pilon N. Treatment and Prevention of Neurocristopathies. Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:451-468. [PMID: 33627291 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurocristopathies form a heterogeneous group of rare diseases caused by abnormal development of neural crest cells. Heterogeneity of neurocristopathies directly relates to the nature of these migratory and multipotent cells, which generate dozens of specialized cell types throughout the body. Neurocristopathies are thus characterized by congenital malformations of tissues/organs that otherwise appear to have very little in common, such as the craniofacial skeleton and enteric nervous system. Treatment options are currently very limited, mainly consisting of corrective surgeries. Yet, as reviewed here, analyses of normal and pathological neural crest development in model organisms have opened up the possibility for better treatment options involving cellular and molecular approaches. These approaches provide hope that some neurocristopathies might soon be curable or preventable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pilon
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal H3C 3P8, Québec, Canada; Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal H2X 3Y7, Québec, Canada; Département de Pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal H3T 1C5, Québec, Canada.
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Pawolski V, Schmidt MHH. Neuron-Glia Interaction in the Developing and Adult Enteric Nervous System. Cells 2020; 10:E47. [PMID: 33396231 PMCID: PMC7823798 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) constitutes the largest part of the peripheral nervous system. In recent years, ENS development and its neurogenetic capacity in homeostasis and allostasishave gained increasing attention. Developmentally, the neural precursors of the ENS are mainly derived from vagal and sacral neural crest cell portions. Furthermore, Schwann cell precursors, as well as endodermal pancreatic progenitors, participate in ENS formation. Neural precursorsenherite three subpopulations: a bipotent neuron-glia, a neuronal-fated and a glial-fated subpopulation. Typically, enteric neural precursors migrate along the entire bowel to the anal end, chemoattracted by glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and endothelin 3 (EDN3) molecules. During migration, a fraction undergoes differentiation into neurons and glial cells. Differentiation is regulated by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), Hedgehog and Notch signalling. The fully formed adult ENS may react to injury and damage with neurogenesis and gliogenesis. Nevertheless, the origin of differentiating cells is currently under debate. Putative candidates are an embryonic-like enteric neural progenitor population, Schwann cell precursors and transdifferentiating glial cells. These cells can be isolated and propagated in culture as adult ENS progenitors and may be used for cell transplantation therapies for treating enteric aganglionosis in Chagas and Hirschsprung's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirko H. H. Schmidt
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
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29
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Soret R, Schneider S, Bernas G, Christophers B, Souchkova O, Charrier B, Righini-Grunder F, Aspirot A, Landry M, Kembel SW, Faure C, Heuckeroth RO, Pilon N. Glial Cell-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Induces Enteric Neurogenesis and Improves Colon Structure and Function in Mouse Models of Hirschsprung Disease. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:1824-1838.e17. [PMID: 32687927 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a life-threatening birth defect in which the distal colon is devoid of enteric neural ganglia. HSCR is treated by surgical removal of aganglionic bowel, but many children continue to have severe problems after surgery. We studied whether administration of glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) induces enteric nervous system regeneration in mouse models of HSCR. METHODS We performed studies with four mouse models of HSCR: Holstein (HolTg/Tg, a model for trisomy 21-associated HSCR), TashT (TashTTg/Tg, a model for male-biased HSCR), Piebald-lethal (Ednrbs-l//s-l, a model for EDNRB mutation-associated HSCR), and Ret9/- (with aganglionosis induced by mycophenolate). Mice were given rectal enemas containing GDNF or saline (control) from postnatal days 4 through 8. We measured survival times of mice, and colon tissues were analyzed by histology, immunofluorescence, and immunoblots. Neural ganglia regeneration and structure, bowel motility, epithelial permeability, muscle thickness, and neutrophil infiltration were studied in colon tissues and in mice. Stool samples were collected, and microbiomes were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Time-lapse imaging and genetic cell-lineage tracing were used to identify a source of GDNF-targeted neural progenitors. Human aganglionic colon explants from children with HSCR were cultured with GDNF and evaluated for neurogenesis. RESULTS GDNF significantly prolonged mean survival times of HolTg/Tg mice, Ednrbs-l//s-l mice, and male TashTTg/Tg mice, compared with control mice, but not Ret9/- mice (which had mycophenolate toxicity). Mice given GDNF developed neurons and glia in distal bowel tissues that were aganglionic in control mice, had a significant increase in colon motility, and had significant decreases in epithelial permeability, muscle thickness, and neutrophil density. We observed dysbiosis in fecal samples from HolTg/Tg mice compared with feces from wild-type mice; fecal microbiomes of mice given GDNF were similar to those of wild-type mice except for Bacteroides. Exogenous luminal GDNF penetrated aganglionic colon epithelium of HolTg/Tg mice, inducing production of endogenous GDNF, and new enteric neurons and glia appeared to arise from Schwann cells within extrinsic nerves. GDNF application to cultured explants of human aganglionic bowel induced proliferation of Schwann cells and formation of new neurons. CONCLUSIONS GDNF prolonged survival, induced enteric neurogenesis, and improved colon structure and function in 3 mouse models of HSCR. Application of GDNF to cultured explants of aganglionic bowel from children with HSCR induced proliferation of Schwann cells and formation of new neurons. GDNF might be developed for treatment of HSCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolphe Soret
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre d'excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sabine Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Guillaume Bernas
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Briana Christophers
- Department of Pediatrics, the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ouliana Souchkova
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre d'excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Baptiste Charrier
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre d'excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Franziska Righini-Grunder
- Division de gastroentérologie, hépatologie et nutrition pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ann Aspirot
- Division de chirurgie pédiatrique, Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département de pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Landry
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Steven W Kembel
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre d'excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christophe Faure
- Centre d'excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Division de gastroentérologie, hépatologie et nutrition pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département de pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert O Heuckeroth
- Department of Pediatrics, the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicolas Pilon
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre d'excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département de pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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30
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Zhao Y, Ge X, Yu H, Kuil LE, Alves MM, Tian D, Huang Q, Chen X, Hofstra RMW, Gao Y. Inhibition of ROCK signaling pathway accelerates enteric neural crest cell-based therapy after transplantation in a rat hypoganglionic model. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13895. [PMID: 32515097 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a congenital gastrointestinal disorder, characterized by enteric ganglia absence in part or entire of the colon, due to abnormal colonization and migration of enteric neural crest cells (ENCCs) during development. Currently, besides surgery which is the main therapy for HSCR, the potential of stem cell-based transplantation was investigated as an alternative option. Although promising, it has limitations, including poor survival, differentiation, and migration of the grafted cells. We hypothesized that modulation of extracellular factors during transplantation could promote ENCCs proliferation and migration, leading to increased transplantation efficiency. Considering that the RhoA/ROCK pathway is highly involved in cytoskeletal dynamics and neurite growth, our study explored the effect of inhibition of this pathway to improve the success of ENCCs transplantation. METHODS Enteric neural crest cells were isolated from rat embryos and labeled with a GFP-tag. Cell viability, apoptosis, differentiation, and migration assays were performed with and without RhoA/ROCK inhibition. Labeled ENCCs were transplanted into the muscle layer of an induced hypoganglionic rat model followed by intraperitoneal injections of ROCK inhibitor. The transplanted segments were collected 3 weeks after for histological analysis. KEY RESULTS Our results showed that inhibition of ROCK increased viable cell number, differentiation, and migration of ENCCs in vitro. Moreover, transplantation of labeled ENCCs into the hypoganglionic model showed enhanced distribution of grafted ENCCs, upon treatment with ROCK inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES ROCK inhibitors influence ENCCs growth and migration in vitro and in vivo, and should be considered to improve the efficiency of ENCCs transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xin Ge
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Laura E Kuil
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria M Alves
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Donghao Tian
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinlin Chen
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Robert M W Hofstra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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31
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Cardinal T, Bergeron KF, Soret R, Souchkova O, Faure C, Guillon A, Pilon N. Male-biased aganglionic megacolon in the TashT mouse model of Hirschsprung disease involves upregulation of p53 protein activity and Ddx3y gene expression. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009008. [PMID: 32898154 PMCID: PMC7500598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a complex genetic disorder of neural crest development resulting in incomplete formation of the enteric nervous system (ENS). This life-threatening neurocristopathy affects 1/5000 live births, with a currently unexplained male-biased ratio. To address this lack of knowledge, we took advantage of the TashT mutant mouse line, which is the only HSCR model to display a robust male bias. Our prior work revealed that the TashT insertional mutation perturbs a Chr.10 silencer-enriched non-coding region, leading to transcriptional dysregulation of hundreds of genes in neural crest-derived ENS progenitors of both sexes. Here, through sex-stratified transcriptome analyses and targeted overexpression in ENS progenitors, we show that male-biased ENS malformation in TashT embryos is not due to upregulation of Sry-the murine ortholog of a candidate gene for the HSCR male bias in humans-but instead involves upregulation of another Y-linked gene, Ddx3y. This discovery might be clinically relevant since we further found that the DDX3Y protein is also expressed in the ENS of a subset of male HSCR patients. Mechanistically, other data including chromosome conformation captured-based assays and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletions suggest that Ddx3y upregulation in male TashT ENS progenitors is due to increased transactivation by p53, which appears especially active in these cells yet without triggering apoptosis. Accordingly, in utero treatment of TashT embryos with the p53 inhibitor pifithrin-α decreased Ddx3y expression and abolished the otherwise more severe ENS defect in TashT males. Our data thus highlight novel pathogenic roles for p53 and DDX3Y during ENS formation in mice, a finding that might help to explain the intriguing male bias of HSCR in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Cardinal
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre d'excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Karl-Frédérik Bergeron
- Centre d'excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rodolphe Soret
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre d'excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ouliana Souchkova
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre d'excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christophe Faure
- Centre d'excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Division de gastroentérologie, hépatologie et nutrition pédiatrique, Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Amélina Guillon
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pilon
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre d'excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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32
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Zoumboulakis D, Cirella KR, Gougeon PY, Lourenssen SR, Blennerhassett MG. MMP-9 Processing of Intestinal Smooth Muscle-derived GDNF is Required for Neurotrophic Action on Enteric Neurons. Neuroscience 2020; 443:8-18. [PMID: 32682824 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The neurotrophin GDNF guides development of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in embryogenesis and directs survival and axon outgrowth in postnatal myenteric neurons in vitro. GDNF expression in intestinal smooth muscle cells is dynamic, with upregulation by inflammatory cytokines in vitro or intestinal inflammation in vivo, but the role of post-translational proteolytic cleavage is undefined. In a co-culture model of myenteric neurons, smooth muscle and glia, inhibition of serine or cysteine protease activity was ineffective against the >2-fold increase in axon density caused by TNFα. However, inhibitors of metalloproteinases (MMP) identified an essential role of MMP-9, and qPCR and western blotting showed that pro-inflammatory cytokines increased both mRNA and protein expression for MMP-9, in both cellular lysates and conditioned medium (CM). Inhibition of MMP-9 prevented the cytokine-induced increase in mature GDNF in CM or cellular lysates of co-cultures or cell lines of intestinal smooth muscle cells (ISMC) from adult rat colon. Western blotting showed parallel upregulation of mature GDNF and MMP-9 vs control in ISMC isolated on Day 2 of TNBS-induced colitis. Nonetheless, transfection of GDNF plasmid into HEK-293 cells as a carrier system, or directly into the co-culture model, conveyed a strong neurotrophic effect that was MMP-9 dependent. We conclude that MMP-9 activity is required for the neurotrophic effects of GDNF on myenteric neurons in vitro. However, the coordinated upregulation of GDNF and MMP-9 in intestinal smooth muscle by inflammatory cytokines provides a supportive, target cell-derived environment that limits inflammatory damage to the ENS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetri Zoumboulakis
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit and Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Kirsten R Cirella
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit and Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Pierre-Yves Gougeon
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit and Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Sandra R Lourenssen
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit and Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
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Kostouros A, Koliarakis I, Natsis K, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis A, Tsiaoussis J. Large intestine embryogenesis: Molecular pathways and related disorders (Review). Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:27-57. [PMID: 32319546 PMCID: PMC7255481 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The large intestine, part of the gastrointestinal tract (GI), is composed of all three germ layers, namely the endoderm, the mesoderm and the ectoderm, forming the epithelium, the smooth muscle layers and the enteric nervous system, respectively. Since gastrulation, these layers develop simultaneously during embryogenesis, signaling to each other continuously until adult age. Two invaginations, the anterior intestinal portal (AIP) and the caudal/posterior intestinal portal (CIP), elongate and fuse, creating the primitive gut tube, which is then patterned along the antero‑posterior (AP) axis and the radial (RAD) axis in the context of left‑right (LR) asymmetry. These events lead to the formation of three distinct regions, the foregut, midgut and hindgut. All the above‑mentioned phenomena are under strict control from various molecular pathways, which are critical for the normal intestinal development and function. Specifically, the intestinal epithelium constitutes a constantly developing tissue, deriving from the progenitor stem cells at the bottom of the intestinal crypt. Epithelial differentiation strongly depends on the crosstalk with the adjacent mesoderm. Major molecular pathways that are implicated in the embryogenesis of the large intestine include the canonical and non‑canonical wingless‑related integration site (Wnt), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), Notch and hedgehog systems. The aberrant regulation of these pathways inevitably leads to several intestinal malformation syndromes, such as atresia, stenosis, or agangliosis. Novel theories, involving the regulation and homeostasis of intestinal stem cells, suggest an embryological basis for the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Thus, the present review article summarizes the diverse roles of these molecular factors in intestinal embryogenesis and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Kostouros
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion
| | - Ioannis Koliarakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion
| | - Konstantinos Natsis
- Department of Anatomy and Surgical Anatomy, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki
| | | | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | - John Tsiaoussis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion
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Fu M, Barlow-Anacker AJ, Kuruvilla KP, Bowlin GL, Seidel CW, Trainor PA, Gosain A. 37/67-laminin receptor facilitates neural crest cell migration during enteric nervous system development. FASEB J 2020; 34:10931-10947. [PMID: 32592286 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000699r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enteric nervous system (ENS) development is governed by interactions between neural crest cells (NCC) and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) results from incomplete NCC migration and failure to form an appropriate ENS. Prior studies implicate abnormal ECM in NCC migration failure. We performed a comparative microarray of the embryonic distal hindgut of wild-type and EdnrBNCC-/- mice that model HSCR and identified laminin-β1 as upregulated in EdnrBNCC-/- colon. We identified decreased expression of 37/67 kDa laminin receptor (LAMR), which binds laminin-β1, in human HSCR myenteric plexus and EdnrBNCC-/- NCC. Using a combination of in vitro gut slice cultures and ex vivo organ cultures, we determined the mechanistic role of LAMR in NCC migration. We found that enteric NCC express LAMR, which is downregulated in human and murine HSCR. Binding of LAMR by the laminin-β1 analog YIGSR promotes NCC migration. Silencing of LAMR abrogated these effects. Finally, applying YIGSR to E13.5 EdnrBNCC-/- colon explants resulted in 80%-100% colonization of the hindgut. This study adds LAMR to the large list of receptors through which NCC interact with their environment during ENS development. These results should be used to inform ongoing integrative, regenerative medicine approaches to HSCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Fu
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Amanda J Barlow-Anacker
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Korah P Kuruvilla
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Gary L Bowlin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Paul A Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Ankush Gosain
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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35
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Wu L, Xiao P, Li Q, Zhang Z, Wang H, Jiang Q, Li L. Altered expression of AKT1 and P38A in the colons of patients with Hirschsprung's disease. Pediatr Surg Int 2020; 36:719-725. [PMID: 32236665 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-020-04653-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a functional obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract due to the congenital absence of enteric ganglion cells. The proto-oncogene RET is one of the primary genes implicated in the aetiology of HSCR. We designed this study to investigate the expression of 10 RET regulatory network genes in the colons of patients with HSCR. METHODS HSCR tissue specimens (n = 28) were collected at the time of pull-through surgery. qPCR analysis was applied to compare the expression levels of 10 genes in the RET regulatory network. Western blot analysis was performed to quantify the protein expression. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the localization of AKT1 and P38A in HSCR colon tissue. RESULTS AKT1 (p = 0.015) and P38A (p = 0.039) were both significantly downregulated in the aganglionic segment compared to those in the ganglionic segment in HSCR patients (n = 28). Western blot analysis revealed the decreasing protein expression of AKT1 and P38A in the aganglionic segment compared to ganglionic segment and control colon tissues (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry staining revealed that both AKT1 and P38A were localized in the colonic mucosa and were significantly decreased in the aganglionic segment. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, we report for the first time the expression of RET regulatory network genes in the colons of patients with HSCR. The markedly decreased expression of AKT1 and P38A suggested a possible role in HSCR pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Wu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Ping Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children's Hospital, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children's Hospital, No. 2 Yabao Rd., Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children's Hospital, No. 2 Yabao Rd., Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children's Hospital, No. 2 Yabao Rd., Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Lv X, Li Y, Li H, Zhou L, Wang B, Zhi Z, Tang W. Molecular function predictions and diagnostic value analysis of plasma exosomal miRNAs in Hirschsprung's disease. Epigenomics 2020; 12:409-422. [PMID: 32297806 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To discover the potential roles of plasma exosomal miRNAs in Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) and identify potential noninvasive biomarkers for early diagnosis of HSCR. Materials & methods: Plasma samples were collected from HSCR patients and matched controls. Exosomes were isolated before high-throughput Illumina sequencing was utilized to gain a profile of dysregulated exosomal miRNAs, followed with further verification in two separate cohorts. Bioinformatics analyses were also adopted to explore the molecular functions of dysregulated miRNAs in Hirschsprung's disease. Results & conclusion: 31 dysregulated miRNAs were identified with five considered as promising HSCR signatures. Gene enrichment analysis disclosed that the upregulated miRNAs were most likely to participate in 'extracellular matrix-receptor interaction' and contribute to HSCR through interfering in cell junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiurui Lv
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yuhan Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Hongxing Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Lingling Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Binyu Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhengke Zhi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Weibing Tang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is the most common congenital gut motility disorder, involving a severe anomaly of the enteric nervous system, and is characterized by functional intestinal obstruction due to lack of intrinsic innervation (aganglionosis) in the distal bowel. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the distribution patterns of collagens I (Col I), III (Col III), and IV (Col IV) in the enteric nervous system of HSCR patients, to determine whether or not collagen levels are altered in the aganglionic bowel. METHODS We measured the expression levels of Col I, Col III, and Col IV in colonic muscle from 129 children with HSCR. The localizations of the 3 collagens and myenteric ganglia were assessed morphologically by immunofluorescence staining. western blots and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed to examine the relative levels of these collagens in aganglionic, transitional, and ganglionic colon segments. RESULTS Immunoreactivities of Col I and Col III were high around and within myenteric ganglia in the ganglionic segment, moderate in the transitional segment, and weak in the aganglionic segment. Col IV immunoreactivity showed the opposite pattern, being lowest in the ganglionic segment and highest in the aganglionic segment. CONCLUSION Col I and Col III are decreased and Col IV is increased in the distal colon of patients with HSCR.
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Wright CM, Garifallou JP, Schneider S, Mentch HL, Kothakapa DR, Maguire BA, Heuckeroth RO. Dlx1/2 mice have abnormal enteric nervous system function. JCI Insight 2020; 5:131494. [PMID: 32017713 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.131494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades ago, investigators reported that mice lacking DLX1 and DLX2, transcription factors expressed in the enteric nervous system (ENS), die with possible bowel motility problems. These problems were never fully elucidated. We found that mice lacking DLX1 and DLX2 (Dlx1/2-/- mice) had slower small bowel transit and reduced or absent neurally mediated contraction complexes. In contrast, small bowel motility seemed normal in adult mice lacking DLX1 (Dlx1-/-). Even with detailed anatomic studies, we found no defects in ENS precursor migration, or neuronal and glial density in Dlx1/2-/- or Dlx1-/- mice. However, RNA sequencing of Dlx1/2-/- ENS revealed dysregulation of many genes, including vasoactive intestinal peptide (Vip). Using immunohistochemistry and reporter mice, we then found that Dlx1/2-/- mice have reduced VIP expression and fewer VIP-lineage neurons in their ENS. Our study reveals what we believe is a novel connection between Dlx genes and Vip and highlights the observation that dangerous bowel motility problems can occur in the absence of easily identifiable ENS structural defects. These findings may be relevant for disorders like chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Wright
- Department of Pediatrics.,Leonard and Madlyn Abramson Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James P Garifallou
- Center for Applied Genomics, and.,Leonard and Madlyn Abramson Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sabine Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics.,Leonard and Madlyn Abramson Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Heather L Mentch
- Department of Pediatrics.,Leonard and Madlyn Abramson Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Deepika R Kothakapa
- Department of Pediatrics.,Leonard and Madlyn Abramson Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Beth A Maguire
- Department of Pediatrics.,Leonard and Madlyn Abramson Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert O Heuckeroth
- Department of Pediatrics.,Leonard and Madlyn Abramson Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Increased Fibronectin Impairs the Function of Excitatory/Inhibitory Synapses in Hirschsprung Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 40:617-628. [PMID: 31760535 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00759-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although approximately 50% of cases have a known genetic defect, the precise pathogenesis of Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is still unclear. We recently reported that expression of fibronectin (FN), which is involved in the migration, colonization, and differentiation of enteric neural crest cells (ENCCs), is increased in aganglionic colonic segments obtained from patients. We hypothesized that abnormally high levels of FN might play a role in the etiology of HSCR. Here, to test this hypothesis, we investigated aganglionic, transitional, and ganglionic colon segments from 63 children with HSCR and distal colon from thirty healthy Wistar rats at embryonic day 20, in addition to in vitro studies with PC12 Adh neural crest cells. We measured the protein and mRNA expression levels of FN, together with a panel of excitatory (VGLUT1, GluA1, GluN1, PSD-95, and NL-1) and inhibitory (GAD67, GABA AR-α1, NL-2, and SLC32) synaptic markers. Expression of all these synaptic markers was significantly decreased in aganglionic colon, compared to ganglionic colon, whereas expression of FN was significantly increased. In a neural crest cell line, PC12 Adh, knockdown of FN with small-interfering RNA increased the expression of synaptic markers. Co-culture of colons from embryonic day 20 rats with RGD recombinant protein, which contains the RGD motif of FN, reduced the expression of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic markers. These results are consistent with the idea that the etiology of HSCR involves aberrant overexpression of FN, which may impair synaptic function and enteric nervous system development, leading to motor dysfunction of intestinal muscles.
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40
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Basement membrane collagens and disease mechanisms. Essays Biochem 2019; 63:297-312. [PMID: 31387942 PMCID: PMC6744580 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20180071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Basement membranes (BMs) are specialised extracellular matrix (ECM) structures and collagens are a key component required for BM function. While collagen IV is the major BM collagen, collagens VI, VII, XV, XVII and XVIII are also present. Mutations in these collagens cause rare multi-systemic diseases but these collagens have also been associated with major common diseases including stroke. Developing treatments for these conditions will require a collective effort to increase our fundamental understanding of the biology of these collagens and the mechanisms by which mutations therein cause disease. Novel insights into pathomolecular disease mechanisms and cellular responses to these mutations has been exploited to develop proof-of-concept treatment strategies in animal models. Combined, these studies have also highlighted the complexity of the disease mechanisms and the need to obtain a more complete understanding of these mechanisms. The identification of pathomolecular mechanisms of collagen mutations shared between different disorders represent an attractive prospect for treatments that may be effective across phenotypically distinct disorders.
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41
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Camilleri M, Sandler RS, Peery AF. Etiopathogenetic Mechanisms in Diverticular Disease of the Colon. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 9:15-32. [PMID: 31351939 PMCID: PMC6881605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews epidemiological evidence of heritability and putative mechanisms in diverticular disease, with greatest attention to 3 recent studies of genetic associations with diverticular disease based on genome-wide or whole-genome sequencing studies in large patient cohorts. We provide an analysis of the biological plausibility of the significant associations with gene variants reported and highlight the relevance of ANO1, CPI-17 (aka PPP1R14A), COLQ6, COL6A1, CALCB or CALCA, COL6A1, ARHGAP15, and S100A10 to colonic neuromuscular function and tissue properties that may result in altered compliance and predispose to the development of diverticular disease. Such studies also identify candidate genes for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Camilleri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Robert S Sandler
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Anne F Peery
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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Schill EM, Wright CM, Jamil A, LaCombe JM, Roper RJ, Heuckeroth RO. Down syndrome mouse models have an abnormal enteric nervous system. JCI Insight 2019; 5:124510. [PMID: 30998504 PMCID: PMC6629165 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome [DS]) have a 130-fold increased incidence of Hirschsprung Disease (HSCR), a developmental defect where the enteric nervous system (ENS) is missing from distal bowel (i.e., distal bowel is aganglionic). Treatment for HSCR is surgical resection of aganglionic bowel, but many children have bowel problems after surgery. Post-surgical problems like enterocolitis and soiling are especially common in children with DS. To determine how trisomy 21 affects ENS development, we evaluated the ENS in two DS mouse models, Ts65Dn and Tc1. These mice are trisomic for many chromosome 21 homologous genes, including Dscam and Dyrk1a, which are hypothesized to contribute to HSCR risk. Ts65Dn and Tc1 mice have normal ENS precursor migration at E12.5 and almost normal myenteric plexus structure as adults. However, Ts65Dn and Tc1 mice have markedly reduced submucosal plexus neuron density throughout the bowel. Surprisingly, the submucosal neuron defect in Ts65Dn mice is not due to excess Dscam or Dyrk1a, since normalizing copy number for these genes does not rescue the defect. These findings suggest the possibility that the high frequency of bowel problems in children with DS and HSCR may occur because of additional unrecognized problems with ENS structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M. Schill
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Abramson Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christina M. Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Abramson Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alisha Jamil
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Abramson Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jonathan M. LaCombe
- Department of Biology, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Randall J. Roper
- Department of Biology, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Robert O. Heuckeroth
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Abramson Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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43
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Gut microbiota-mediated Gene-Environment interaction in the TashT mouse model of Hirschsprung disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:492. [PMID: 30679567 PMCID: PMC6345786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36967-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the bilateral relationship between the gut microbiota and formation/function of the enteric nervous system (ENS), we sought to determine whether antibiotics-induced dysbiosis might impact the expressivity of genetically-induced ENS abnormalities. To address this, we took advantage of the TashT mouse model of Hirschsprung disease, in which colonic aganglionosis and hypoganglionosis are both much more severe in males. These defects result into two male-biased colon motility phenotypes: either megacolon that is lethal around weaning age or chronic constipation in adults, the latter being also associated with an increased proportion of nitrergic neurons in the distal ENS. Induction of dysbiosis using a cocktail of broad-spectrum antibiotics specifically impacted the colonic ENS of TashTTg/Tg mice in a stage-dependent manner. It further decreased the neuronal density at post-weaning age and differentially modulated the otherwise increased proportion of nitrergic neurons, which appeared normalized around weaning age and further increased at post-weaning age. These changes delayed the development of megacolon around weaning age but led to premature onset of severe constipation later on. Finally, local inhibition of nitric oxide signaling improved motility and prevented death by megacolon. We thus conclude that exposure to antibiotics can negatively influence the expressivity of a genetically-induced enteric neuropathy.
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Bérubé-Simard FA, Pilon N. Molecular dissection of CHARGE syndrome highlights the vulnerability of neural crest cells to problems with alternative splicing and other transcription-related processes. Transcription 2018; 10:21-28. [PMID: 30205741 DOI: 10.1080/21541264.2018.1521213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome is characterized by co-occurrence of multiple malformations due to abnormal development of neural crest cells. Here, we review the phenotypic and molecular overlap between CHARGE syndrome and similar pathologies, and further discuss the observation that neural crest cells appear especially sensitive to malfunction of the chromatin-transcription-splicing molecular hub.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix-Antoine Bérubé-Simard
- a Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire du développement, Département des sciences biologiques , Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) , Montréal , QC , Canada.,b Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC) , Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Nicolas Pilon
- a Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire du développement, Département des sciences biologiques , Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) , Montréal , QC , Canada.,b Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC) , Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) , Montréal , QC , Canada.,c Département de pédiatrie , Université de Montréal , Montréal , QC , Canada
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45
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Li Y, Zhou L, Lu C, Shen Q, Su Y, Zhi Z, Wu F, Zhang H, Wen Z, Chen G, Li H, Xia Y, Tang W. Long non-coding RNA FAL1 functions as a ceRNA to antagonize the effect of miR-637 on the down-regulation of AKT1 in Hirschsprung's disease. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12489. [PMID: 30062828 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Emerged evidence demonstrates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may play quintessential regulatory roles in the cellular processes, tumourigenesis and the development of disease. Though focally amplified lncRNA on chromosome 1 (FAL1) has been identified to have crucial functions in many diseases, its biological mechanism in the development of Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) still remains unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression levels of FAL1 in HSCR aganglionic tissues and matched normal specimens were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Cell proliferation and migration were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, Ethynyl-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay and transwell assay relatively. Cell cycle and apoptosis were assessed using flow cytometer analysis. Moreover, the novel targets of FAL1 were confirmed with the help of bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Western blot assay as well as RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay was conducted to investigate the potential mechanism. RESULTS FAL1 expression was markedly down-regulated in HSCR aganglionic tissues and decreased FAL1 expression was associated with the diagnosis of HSCR. Cell functional analyses indicated that FAL1 overexpressing notably promoted cell proliferation and migration, while down-regulation of FAL1 suppressed cell proliferation and migration. Additionally, Flow cytometry assay demonstrated that knockdown of FAL1 induced markedly cell cycle stalled in the G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, FAL1 could positively regulate AKT1 expression by competitively binding to miR-637. CONCLUSIONS These results illuminated that FAL1 may work as a ceRNA to modulate AKT1 expression via competitively binding to miR-637 in HSCR, suggesting that it may be clinically valuable as a biomarker of HSCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changgui Lu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiyang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengke Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zechao Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guanglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weibing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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46
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Tang CS, Zhuang X, Lam WY, Ngan ESW, Hsu JS, Michelle YU, Man-Ting SO, Cherny SS, Ngo ND, Sham PC, Tam PK, Garcia-Barcelo MM. Uncovering the genetic lesions underlying the most severe form of Hirschsprung disease by whole-genome sequencing. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 26:818-826. [PMID: 29483666 PMCID: PMC5974185 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0129-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a complex birth defect characterized by the lack of ganglion cells along a variable length of the distal intestine. A large proportion of HSCR patients remain genetically unexplained. We applied whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on 9 trios where the probands are sporadically affected with the most severe form of the disorder and harbor no coding sequence variants affecting the function of known HSCR genes. We found de novo protein-altering variants in three intolerant to change genes-CCT2, VASH1, and CYP26A1-for which a plausible link with the enteric nervous system (ENS) exists. De novo single-nucleotide and indel variants were present in introns and non-coding neighboring regions of ENS-related genes, including NRG1 and ERBB4. Joint analysis with those inherited rare variants found under recessive and/or digenic models revealed both patient-unique and shared genetic features where rare variants were found to be enriched in the extracellular matrix-receptor (ECM-receptor) pathway (p = 3.4 × 10-11). Delineation of the genetic profile of each patient might help finding common grounds that could lead to the discovery of shared molecules that could be used as drug targets for the currently ongoing cell therapy effort which aims at providing an alternative to the surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Sm Tang
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong - Karolinska Institutet Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xuehan Zhuang
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wai-Yee Lam
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Elly Sau-Wai Ngan
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jacob Shujui Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Y U Michelle
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - S O Man-Ting
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Stacey S Cherny
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Centre for Genomic Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Pak C Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Centre for Genomic Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Paul Kh Tam
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong - Karolinska Institutet Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Maria-Mercè Garcia-Barcelo
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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47
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Gregorio I, Braghetta P, Bonaldo P, Cescon M. Collagen VI in healthy and diseased nervous system. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm032946. [PMID: 29728408 PMCID: PMC6031366 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.032946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen VI is a major extracellular matrix protein exerting a number of functions in different tissues, spanning from biomechanical to regulatory signals in the cell survival processes, and playing key roles in maintaining the stemness or determining the differentiation of several types of cells. In the last couple of years, emerging findings on collagen VI have led to increased interest in its role in the nervous system. The role of this protein in the peripheral nervous system was intensely studied and characterized in detail. Collagen VI acts as a regulator of Schwann cell differentiation and is required for preserving peripheral nerve myelination, function and structure, as well as for orchestrating nerve regeneration after injury. Although the role and distribution of collagen VI in the peripheral nervous system is now well established, the role of this distinctive extracellular matrix component in the central nervous system, along with its links to human neurological and neurodegenerative disorders, remains an open field of investigation. In this Review, we summarize and discuss a number of recent findings related to collagen VI in the central and peripheral nervous systems. We further link these findings to different aspects of the protein that are relevant to human diseases in these compartments in order to provide a comprehensive overview of the roles of this key matrix component in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Gregorio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Braghetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonaldo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Matilde Cescon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Nagy N, Barad C, Hotta R, Bhave S, Arciero E, Dora D, Goldstein AM. Collagen 18 and agrin are secreted by neural crest cells to remodel their microenvironment and regulate their migration during enteric nervous system development. Development 2018; 145:dev.160317. [PMID: 29678817 DOI: 10.1242/dev.160317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) arises from neural crest cells that migrate, proliferate, and differentiate into enteric neurons and glia within the intestinal wall. Many extracellular matrix (ECM) components are present in the embryonic gut, but their role in regulating ENS development is largely unknown. Here, we identify heparan sulfate proteoglycan proteins, including collagen XVIII (Col18) and agrin, as important regulators of enteric neural crest-derived cell (ENCDC) development. In developing avian hindgut, Col18 is expressed at the ENCDC wavefront, while agrin expression occurs later. Both proteins are normally present around enteric ganglia, but are absent in aganglionic gut. Using chick-mouse intestinal chimeras and enteric neurospheres, we show that vagal- and sacral-derived ENCDCs from both species secrete Col18 and agrin. Whereas glia express Col18 and agrin, enteric neurons only express the latter. Functional studies demonstrate that Col18 is permissive whereas agrin is strongly inhibitory to ENCDC migration, consistent with the timing of their expression during ENS development. We conclude that ENCDCs govern their own migration by actively remodeling their microenvironment through secretion of ECM proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandor Nagy
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094 Hungary
| | - Csilla Barad
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094 Hungary
| | - Ryo Hotta
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sukhada Bhave
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Emily Arciero
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David Dora
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094 Hungary
| | - Allan M Goldstein
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Knüppel L, Heinzelmann K, Lindner M, Hatz R, Behr J, Eickelberg O, Staab-Weijnitz CA. FK506-binding protein 10 (FKBP10) regulates lung fibroblast migration via collagen VI synthesis. Respir Res 2018; 19:67. [PMID: 29673351 PMCID: PMC5909279 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0768-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), fibroblasts gain a more migratory phenotype and excessively secrete extracellular matrix (ECM), ultimately leading to alveolar scarring and progressive dyspnea. Here, we analyzed the effects of deficiency of FK506-binding protein 10 (FKBP10), a potential IPF drug target, on primary human lung fibroblast (phLF) adhesion and migration. Methods Using siRNA, FKBP10 expression was inhibited in phLF in absence or presence of 2ng/ml transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and 0.1mM 2-phosphoascorbate. Effects on cell adhesion and migration were monitored by an immunofluorescence (IF)-based attachment assay, a conventional scratch assay, and single cell tracking by time-lapse microscopy. Effects on expression of key players in adhesion dynamics and migration were analyzed by qPCR and Western Blot. Colocalization was evaluated by IF microscopy and by proximity ligation assays. Results FKBP10 knockdown significantly attenuated adhesion and migration of phLF. Expression of collagen VI was decreased, while expression of key components of the focal adhesion complex was mostly upregulated. The effects on migration were 2-phosphoascorbate-dependent, suggesting collagen synthesis as the underlying mechanism. FKBP10 colocalized with collagen VI and coating culture dishes with collagen VI, and to a lesser extent with collagen I, abolished the effect of FKBP10 deficiency on migration. Conclusions These findings show, to our knowledge for the first time, that FKBP10 interacts with collagen VI and that deficiency of FKBP10 reduces phLF migration mainly by downregulation of collagen VI synthesis. The results strengthen FKBP10 as an important intracellular regulator of ECM remodeling and support the concept of FKBP10 as drug target in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Knüppel
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität and Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Heinzelmann
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität and Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Rudolf Hatz
- Asklepios Fachkliniken Munich-Gauting, Munich, Germany.,Thoraxchirurgisches Zentrum, Klinik für Allgemeine-, Viszeral-, Transplantations-, Gefäß- und Thoraxchirurgie, Klinikum Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Behr
- Asklepios Fachkliniken Munich-Gauting, Munich, Germany.,Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik V, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Eickelberg
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität and Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Claudia A Staab-Weijnitz
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität and Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377, Munich, Germany. .,Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.
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Hirschsprung disease - integrating basic science and clinical medicine to improve outcomes. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 15:152-167. [PMID: 29300049 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2017.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease is defined by the absence of enteric neurons at the end of the bowel. The enteric nervous system (ENS) is the intrinsic nervous system of the bowel and regulates most aspects of bowel function. When the ENS is missing, there are no neurally mediated propulsive motility patterns, and the bowel remains contracted, causing functional obstruction. Symptoms of Hirschsprung disease include constipation, vomiting, abdominal distension and growth failure. Untreated disease usually causes death in childhood because bloodstream bacterial infections occur in the context of bowel inflammation (enterocolitis) or bowel perforation. Current treatment is surgical resection of the bowel to remove or bypass regions where the ENS is missing, but many children have problems after surgery. Although the anatomy of Hirschsprung disease is simple, many clinical features remain enigmatic, and diagnosis and management remain challenging. For example, the age of presentation and the type of symptoms that occur vary dramatically among patients, even though every affected child has missing neurons in the distal bowel at birth. In this Review, basic science discoveries are linked to clinical manifestations of Hirschsprung disease, including partial penetrance, enterocolitis and genetics. Insights into disease mechanisms that might lead to new prevention, diagnostic and treatment strategies are described.
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