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Yue C, Yuya H, Zhihuan L, Zimo W, Jianying F. Study on the disinfection effect of chlorine dioxide disinfectant (ClO 2) on dental unit waterlines and its in vitro safety evaluation. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:648. [PMID: 38824549 PMCID: PMC11143753 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04391-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ensuring the safety of dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) has become a pivotal issue in dental care practices, focusing on the health implications for both patients and healthcare providers. The inherent structure and usage conditions of DUWLs contribute to the risk of biofilm formation and bacterial growth, highlighting the need for effective disinfection solutions.The quest for a disinfection method that is both safe for clinical use and effective against pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in DUWLs underscores the urgency of this research. MATERIALS Chlorine dioxide disinfectants at concentrations of 5, 20, and 80 mg/L were used to treat biofilms of S. aureus and E. coli cultured in DUWLs. The disinfection effectiveness was assessed through bacterial counts and culturing. Simultaneously, human skin fibroblast cells were treated with the disinfectant to observe changes in cell morphology and cytotoxicity. Additionally, the study included corrosion tests on various metals (carbon steel, brass, stainless steel, aluminum, etc.). RESULTS Experimental results showed that chlorine dioxide disinfectants at concentrations of 20 mg/L and 80 mg/L significantly reduced the bacterial count of S. aureus and E. coli, indicating effective disinfection. In terms of cytotoxicity, higher concentrations were more harmful to cellular safety, but even at 80 mg/L, the cytotoxicity of chlorine dioxide remained within controllable limits. Corrosion tests revealed that chlorine dioxide disinfectants had a certain corrosive effect on carbon steel and brass, and the degree of corrosion increased with the concentration of the disinfectant. CONCLUSION After thorough research, we recommend using chlorine dioxide disinfectant at a concentration of 20 mg/L for significantly reducing bacterial biofilms in dental unit waterlines (DUWLs). This concentration also ensures satisfactory cell safety and metal corrosion resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Yue
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Hu Yuya
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Liu Zhihuan
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Wang Zimo
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Feng Jianying
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
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Zhang K, Zhang S, Shi Y, Zhang L, Fu B. Effects of disinfectants on physical properties of denture base resins: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:841-858. [PMID: 35465961 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The disinfection of removable dental prostheses and orthodontic appliances is essential to preventing transmission of pathogens. However, whether different disinfection solutions and durations affect the physical properties of denture base resins is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to statistically analyze the influence of disinfectants on the physical properties of denture base resins. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic search in Medline, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted to evaluate the effects of chemical disinfection on the physical properties of denture base resins such as surface morphology, roughness, hardness, and flexural strength. Of 1909 studies, 44 studies were included in the systematic review and 41 in the meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was analyzed by using I2 statistics. The influence of different disinfection solutions and durations on the physical properties was further analyzed, and the risk of bias evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed by using the RevMan 5.4 software program with the standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Of the 44 included studies, 40 studies were assessed as having a low risk of bias, and 4 had an unclear risk of bias. Meta-analysis results showed that compared with the control, disinfection could not significantly affect surface roughness and hardness within 60 minutes of immersion in disinfectant solutions or flexural strength within 30 minutes (roughness: P=.79, I2=0%; flexural strength: P=.08, I2=0%; hardness: P=.05, I2=19%). In addition, the physical properties were not significantly affected when glutaraldehyde, chlorhexidine, and peracetic acid were repeatedly used for more than 30 minutes. CONCLUSIONS Most of the disinfectants did not reduce the physical properties of denture base resin within 30 minutes of immersion. Glutaraldehyde, chlorhexidine, and peracetic acid are recommended if longer immersion or repeated disinfection is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Postgraduate student, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Dental Biomaterials and Devices for Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Sisi Zhang
- Postgraduate student, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Dental Biomaterials and Devices for Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ying Shi
- Resident, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Dental Biomaterials and Devices for Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Associate Professor, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Dental Biomaterials and Devices for Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Baiping Fu
- Professor, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Dental Biomaterials and Devices for Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
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Abolhasani FS, Moein M, Rezaie N, Sheikhimehrabadi P, Shafiei M, Afkhami H, Modaresi M. Occurrence of COVID-19 in cystic fibrosis patients: a review. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1356926. [PMID: 38694803 PMCID: PMC11061495 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1356926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic ailment caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. This autosomal recessive disorder is characterized by diverse pathobiological abnormalities, such as the disorder of CFTR channels in mucosal surfaces, caused by inadequate clearance of mucus and sputum, in addition to the malfunctioning of mucous organs. However, the primary motive of mortality in CF patients is pulmonary failure, which is attributed to the colonization of opportunistic microorganisms, formation of resistant biofilms, and a subsequent decline in lung characteristics. In December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak of the radical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a worldwide public health crisis, which unexpectedly spread not only within China but also globally. Given that the respiration system is the primary target of the COVID-19 virus, it is crucial to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the pathogenesis and mortality of CF patients, mainly in the context of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Therefore, the goal of this review is to comprehensively review the present literature on the relationship between cystic fibrosis, COVID-19 contamination, and development of ARDS. Several investigations performed during the early stages of the virus outbreak have discovered unexpected findings regarding the occurrence and effectiveness of COVID-19 in individuals with CF. Contrary to initial expectancies, the rate of infection and the effectiveness of the virus in CF patients are lower than those in the overall population. This finding may be attributed to different factors, including the presence of thick mucus, social avoidance, using remedies that include azithromycin, the fairly younger age of CF patients, decreased presence of ACE-2 receptors, and the effect of CFTR channel disorder on the replication cycle and infectivity of the virus. However, it is important to notice that certain situations, which include undergoing a transplant, can also doubtlessly boost the susceptibility of CF patients to COVID-19. Furthermore, with an increase in age in CF patients, it is vital to take into account the prevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in this population. Therefore, ordinary surveillance of CF patients is vital to evaluate and save the population from the capability of transmission of the virus given the various factors that contribute to the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in this precise organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sadat Abolhasani
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masood Moein
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Niloofar Rezaie
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Morvarid Shafiei
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Afkhami
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Modaresi
- Pediatric Pulmonary Disease and Sleep Medicine Research Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran, Iran
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Iran CF Foundation (ICFF), Tehran, Iran
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Castro MS, Meira GDF, Mendes RGF, Castilho AVSS, Trench LDA, Segalla CR, Vettore MV, Sales-Peres SHDC. The Relationship between Professional Variables and Burnout Syndrome in Brazilian Dentists during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:435. [PMID: 38673346 PMCID: PMC11050417 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Burnout syndrome (BS) is a highly prevalent occupational disease among dentists who, during the COVID-19 pandemic, have been at greater risk of contracting the disease, generating stress and distancing. The aim of this study was to assess the association of social conditions, professional factors and perceptions of COVID-19 with Burnout Syndrome. This was a cross-sectional study of 302 Brazilian dentists working in the clinical and private sectors. The professionals completed the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory online and answered sociodemographic and professional questions and questions related to their perception of the pandemic. Poisson regression with unadjusted and adjusted robust variance was used to estimate the association between burnout syndrome (dependent variable) and the independent variables. The presence of BS was strongly associated with age, training in a private institution, professionals who claimed to have sufficient protective knowledge and fear of being contaminated by SARS-CoV-2 during patient care (p < 0.05). The findings of this study show that there has been an impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the occurrence of Burnout syndrome in dentists, especially, those who worked in the public sector and those who were afraid to work with other health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Salmazo Castro
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil; (M.S.C.); (G.d.F.M.); (R.G.F.M.); (A.V.S.S.C.); (L.d.A.T.)
| | - Gabriela de Figueiredo Meira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil; (M.S.C.); (G.d.F.M.); (R.G.F.M.); (A.V.S.S.C.); (L.d.A.T.)
| | - Rharessa Gabrielly Ferreira Mendes
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil; (M.S.C.); (G.d.F.M.); (R.G.F.M.); (A.V.S.S.C.); (L.d.A.T.)
| | - Ana Virgínia Santana Sampaio Castilho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil; (M.S.C.); (G.d.F.M.); (R.G.F.M.); (A.V.S.S.C.); (L.d.A.T.)
| | - Leonardo de Aguiar Trench
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil; (M.S.C.); (G.d.F.M.); (R.G.F.M.); (A.V.S.S.C.); (L.d.A.T.)
| | | | - Mario Vianna Vettore
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 9, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Silvia Helena de Carvalho Sales-Peres
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil; (M.S.C.); (G.d.F.M.); (R.G.F.M.); (A.V.S.S.C.); (L.d.A.T.)
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Jirakittayakorn N, Tamboon E, Mitrirattanakul S. Effect of 1% H 2O 2 on Three Salivary Stress Biomarkers, Cortisol, Alpha-Amylase, and sIgA. Int Dent J 2024; 74:343-351. [PMID: 37985342 PMCID: PMC10988260 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, several associations worldwide have been recommending the use of 1% hydrogen peroxide solution as a preprocedural mouth rinse before dental treatments to reduce viral load in saliva. This protocol is also employed in stress studies, especially in the context of dental treatment that uses salivary biomarkers as an indicator. However, the effect of 1% hydrogen peroxide as mouth rinse on salivary biomarkers remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the effects of 1% hydrogen peroxide solution as a preprocedural mouth rinse on 3 salivary stress biomarkers-salivary cortisol, salivary secretory IgA, and salivary α-amylase-both on chemical influence and mechanical irrigation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety healthy participants with confirmed negative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction results for COVID-19 at most 2 days prior to the experiment were included in this study. All participants were randomly allocated into 3 groups: experimental (1% hydrogen peroxide solution), positive control (distilled water), and negative control (no mouth rinse). Saliva samples were collected before and after mouth rinsing with the respective solutions. Salivary biomarkers were analysed using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. RESULTS Salivary cortisol and salivary α-amylase did not significantly differ before and after rinsing, whilst salivary sIgA levels decreased in all 3 groups. Nonetheless, there were no significant differences in the changes of these biomarkers across the 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that using 1% hydrogen peroxide solution as a preprocedural mouth rinse for universal precaution does not alter the levels of these 3 salivary biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nantawachara Jirakittayakorn
- Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; School of Dentistry, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Eakapong Tamboon
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somsak Mitrirattanakul
- Department of Masticatory Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok Thailand.
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Cheng FC, Li YH, Wei YF, Chen CJ, Chen MH, Chiang CP. The usage of dental cone-beam computed tomography during the COVID-19 pandemic (from 2020 to 2022): A survey of a regional hospital in the northern Taiwan. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:795-803. [PMID: 38618131 PMCID: PMC11010694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose In Taiwan, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has already widely used in dentistry. This study explored preliminarily the usage of dental CBCT during the COVID-19 pandemic (from 2020 to 2022) through a survey of a regional hospital in the northern Taiwan. Materials and methods This study used purposeful sampling to select a regional hospital in the northern Taiwan to survey its usage of dental CBCT during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results In the surveyed hospital, the number of patients' visits for the usage of dental CBCT increased from 355 in 2020 to 449 in 2021 and further to 488 in 2022 with a growth rate of 37.46 %, while the growth rates compared to the previous year were 26.48 % in 2021 and 8.69 % in 2022, respectively. There were a total of 1292 patients' visits for the dental CBCT. The ages of the 1292 patients (573 males and 719 females) ranged from 4 to 89 years. The 50-59-year age group had the highest number of patients' visits (371, 28.72 %), followed in a descending order by the 60-69-year (293, 22.68 %) and 40-49-year (206, 15.94 %) age groups. The dental CBCT was used mainly for the assessment of dental implants, accounting for 1148 (78.85 %) of the total 1456 irradiations. Conclusion During the COVID-19 pandemic, the medical services for dental care and treatments in Taiwan are still maintained normally, and the dental CBCT is also used widely and popularly by the dental patients of all ages, various dental procedures, and various dental specialties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Chou Cheng
- Chia-Te Dental Clinic, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Life Science, College of Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Science Education Center, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hung Li
- Department of Radiology Technology, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Fen Wei
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu County, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Jung Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hsiung Chen
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pin Chiang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
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Kaygısız Yiğit M, Akyol R, Yalvaç B, Etöz M. Dental radiographic changes in individuals with COVID-19: a controlled retrospective study. Oral Radiol 2024; 40:148-157. [PMID: 37733163 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-023-00713-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to compare the pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 dental radiological findings of individuals with positive rRT-PCR test results and with healthy controls using the apical periodontitis grade scale (APGS), radiographic-based periodontal bone loss (R-PBL), and radiographic DMFT indices, and to investigate the relatively long-term dental effects of COVID-19. METHODS This study included people who had two panoramic radiographs taken between 2018 and 2022. There are 52 patients with positive rRT-PCR tests in the study group. The control group included 50 individuals. Study and control groups were compared using the apical periodontitis grade scale (APGS), radiographic-based periodontal bone loss (R-PBL), and radiographic DMFT indices. RESULTS Although results showed a significant difference in percentage R-PBL value and R-PBL types in the study group, there was no significant difference in percentage R-PBL value and R-PBL types in the control group. Also, both groups showed a significant difference in the DMFT index. CONCLUSIONS According to the results of this study, it can be said that COVID-19 increases the incidence of periodontitis, and it can be interpreted that the pandemic may adversely affect the general oral health of all people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Kaygısız Yiğit
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Rıdvan Akyol
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Nuh Naci Yazgan University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Beyza Yalvaç
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Meryem Etöz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
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Yamazaki-Takai M, Saito Y, Ito S, Ogihara-Takeda M, Katsumata T, Kobayashi R, Nakagawa S, Nishino T, Fukuoka N, Hosono K, Yamasaki M, Yamazaki Y, Tsuruya Y, Yamaguchi A, Ogata Y. Impact of COVID-19 spread on visit intervals and clinical parameters for patients with periodontitis in supportive periodontal therapy: a retrospective study. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2024; 54:75-84. [PMID: 37524383 PMCID: PMC11065538 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2300620031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the relationship between the number of days that hospital visits were postponed and changes in clinical parameters due to the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), after the Japanese government declared a state of emergency in April 2020. METHODS Regarding the status of postponement of appointments, we analyzed the patients who had visited the Nihon University Hospital at Matsudo for more than 1 year for supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) and classified them into low-, moderate- and high-risk subgroups according to the periodontal risk assessment (PRA). Clinical parameters for periodontal disease such as probing depth (PD), full-mouth bleeding score (FMBS), full-mouth plaque score, periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), and periodontal epithelial surface area (PESA) were analyzed in 2 periods, from October 2019 to March 2020 and after April 2020. Correlation coefficients between days of deferral and the degree of changes in clinical parameters were calculated. RESULTS The mean age of the 749 patients was 67.56±10.85 years, and 63.82% were female. Out of 749 patients, 33.24% deferred their SPT appointments after April 2020. The average total of postponement days was 109.49±88.84. The number of postponement days was positively correlated with changes in average PD (rs=0.474) and PESA (rs=0.443) in the high-risk subgroup of FMBS, and average PD (rs=0.293) and PESA (rs=0.253) in the high-risk subgroup of tooth number (TN). Patients belonging to the high-risk subgroups for both FMBS and TN had a positive correlation between postponement days and PISA (rs=0.56). CONCLUSIONS The findings, the spread of COVID-19 appears to have extended the visit interval for some SPT patients. Moreover, longer visit intervals were correlated with the worsening of some clinical parameters for SPT patients with high PRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Yamazaki-Takai
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
- Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yumi Saito
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shoichi Ito
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Moe Ogihara-Takeda
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Katsumata
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryo Kobayashi
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shuta Nakagawa
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nishino
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Namiko Fukuoka
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kota Hosono
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mai Yamasaki
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yamazaki
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuto Tsuruya
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Arisa Yamaguchi
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yorimasa Ogata
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
- Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan.
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Goswami M, Saxena B, Tuli S, Shakil B, Bhatara S, Padha S. Global oral health policies and recommendations for children with special health care needs and their applicability and effectiveness during the COVID -19 pandemic: a systematic review. Evid Based Dent 2024:10.1038/s41432-024-00992-x. [PMID: 38491169 DOI: 10.1038/s41432-024-00992-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
AIM This systematic review aims to assess effectiveness of oral health policies, recommendations and guidelines in safeguarding oral health of children with special healthcare needs during COVID-19. BACKGROUND This systematic review evaluated the adaptation of global oral health policies for children with special healthcare needs (SHCN) during the COVID-19 pandemic, to provide evidence-based insights to inform policymakers and healthcare providers amid the ongoing global health crisis. The study focused on assessing the effectiveness of these adaptations in ensuring equitable access to quality dental care for this vulnerable group. METHODS A PRISMA guided online search through LILIACS, PubMed, Scopus, COCHRANE and grey literature was conducted. The search strategy incorporated a combination of subject headings (MeSH terms) and free-text terms related to "oral health," "dental health," "policy," "effectiveness," "dental practice guidelines," "oral health policies," and "special care needs children." Eligibility criteria included oral health policies, recommendations and guidelines targeting individuals/children with special care needs. Both qualitative and quantitative studies published in English from 2008 to 2023 were included. RESULTS Sixteen guidelines, recommendations and policies, from six authorities were identified. These documentations addressed six different areas mentioned broadly as comprehensive care, ethical considerations, preventive and therapeutic measures, equity, patient-centric treatment, and reducing disparities signaling a paradigm shift. International collaborations and standardization of guidelines indicated a unified approach. The review also emphasized on a commitment to continuous improvement through quality measurement, systematic referral management, and needs assessment. With the exception of two documents, the remaining guidelines did not address COVID-19 or provide specific adaptations for it. The lack of emphasis on individual condition was notable, as the guidelines generally took a more generalized approach toward individuals with special healthcare needs. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this review assessed the impact of COVID-19 on oral healthcare for individuals with special needs. It underscores global and local efforts for equitable access, patient-centric care, and preventive measures. The lessons learned advocate for a resilient, inclusive healthcare framework capable of meeting diverse needs. PROSPERO REGISTRATION CRD 42023452475.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Goswami
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry I.T.S Dental, College Hospital, and Research Centre, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhawna Saxena
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry I.T.S Dental, College Hospital, and Research Centre, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Shivya Tuli
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry I.T.S Dental, College Hospital, and Research Centre, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bakhtawar Shakil
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry I.T.S Dental, College Hospital, and Research Centre, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Supriya Bhatara
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry I.T.S Dental, College Hospital, and Research Centre, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjesh Padha
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry I.T.S Dental, College Hospital, and Research Centre, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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10
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Shah SA, Feng ZC, Ziccardi VB. Impact of COVID-19 on emergency oral health care in New Jersey. J Am Dent Assoc 2024; 155:204-212. [PMID: 38069962 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic led to reduced services of private dental practices. The public emergency clinic of Rutgers School of Dental Medicine (RSDM) (Newark, NJ) faced changing demands during various periods of the pandemic. METHODS Records of patients visiting the emergency clinic at RSDM during 3 distinct periods (prelockdown, lockdown, teledentistry) from January 10, 2020, through June 30, 2020, were retrospectively reviewed. Qualitative and quantitative attributes pertaining to patient encounters were reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS A total of 1,799 records were included in this study. Patient visits increased during the early lockdown but were reduced after the implementation of teledentistry. Trends were noted in patient volume, reasons for visits, treatment needs, symptoms, diagnostic methodology, prescription use, and final disposition of patients. CONCLUSIONS The lockdown affected emergency dental clinic services at RSDM. Teledentistry visits played a key role in screening patients and in facilitating the delivery of oral health care and timely follow-ups to patients who needed urgent in-person emergency visits. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Data gathered will lead to a better understanding of patients seen in the emergency clinic and can help with long-term planning for both institutional and smaller outpatient clinics during public health emergencies.
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11
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Fernandez MDS, da Silva NRJ, Bielavski CH, da Silva JA, Silva AER. Generalized anxiety disorder in Brazilian undergraduate dental students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2024; 28:117-129. [PMID: 37277980 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Explore the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and associated factors in undergraduate dental students during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cross-sectional study. A semi-structured questionnaire addressing the variables of interest was shared with dental students between July 8 and 27 2020. The outcome was determined using the seven-item generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7) scale. A 'positive' diagnosis was defined as a total of ≥10 points on the scale. Statistical analysis involved descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses, with the significance level set at 5%. RESULTS Among the 1050 students evaluated, 53.8% had a positive diagnosis for GAD. The multivariate analysis revealed that the prevalence of symptoms was higher among individuals who resided with more than three people, those enrolled at teaching institutions that suspended all clinical and laboratory activities, those who did not have an adequate home situation to maintain distance learning, those who had been diagnosed with COVID-19, those who felt anxious about having to see patients with a suspicion or diagnosis of COVID-19 and those who preferred to interrupt in-person academic activities until the population is vaccinated for the COVID-19 virus. CONCLUSION The prevalence of GAD was high. Aspects related to the composition and organization of the home, the suspension of academic activities, a history of COVID-19 contamination, feelings of anxiety in providing dental care to patients with symptoms/suspected of COVID-19 infection and the preference to interrupt in-person academic activities until the population is vaccinated for COVID-19 were factors predisposing the students to anxiety during the first wave of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jandilson Avelino da Silva
- Department of Psychology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Emidio Ribeiro Silva
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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12
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Son EG. Effects of self-efficacy on the intention to take preventive actions against infectious diseases: Focusing on dental hygiene students in South Korea. Int J Dent Hyg 2024; 22:201-208. [PMID: 36301234 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the impact of self-efficacy on the intention to take preventive actions against infectious diseases, focusing on dental hygiene students during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A survey was conducted through a questionnaire distributed to 300 dental hygiene students at the Department of Dental Hygiene, Gangneung Yeongdong College in South Korea. In total, 251 students completed the survey (response rate: 83.6%). The survey data were analysed via exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, path analysis and structural equation modelling. RESULTS The analysis showed that self-efficacy positively affected students' intentions to take preventive actions against infectious diseases. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed that self-efficacy positively affected dental hygiene students' intentions for preventive actions against infections. Furthermore, it suggested that self-efficacy should be classified into psychological (confidence and judgement) and behavioural (drive and task challenge) categories, and a systematic survey to formalize the concept of self-efficacy should be developed. The results of this study should enable a better understanding of the impact of self-efficacy on the intention to take preventive actions against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Gyo Son
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
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13
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Ghoneim A, Proaño D, Kaur H, Singhal S. Aerosol-generating procedures and associated control/mitigation measures: Position paper from the Canadian Dental Hygienists Association and the American Dental Hygienists' Association. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL HYGIENE : CJDH = JOURNAL CANADIEN DE L'HYGIENE DENTAIRE : JCHD 2024; 58:48-63. [PMID: 38505316 PMCID: PMC10946320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Background Since the outbreak of COVID-19, how to reduce the risk of spreading viruses and other microorganisms while performing aerosolgenerating procedures (AGPs) has become a challenging question within the dental and dental hygiene communities. The purpose of this position paper is to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of various mitigation methods used to reduce the risk of infection transmission during AGPs in dentistry. Methods The authors searched 6 databases-MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar-for relevant scientific evidence published between January 2012 and December 2022 to answer 6 research questions about the risk of transmission, methods, devices, and personal protective equipment (PPE) used to reduce contact with microbial pathogens and limit the spread of aerosols. Results A total of 78 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The literature on the risk of infection transmission including SARS-CoV-2 between dental hygienists and their patients is limited. Although several mouthrinses are effective in reducing bacterial contaminations in aerosols, their effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 is also limited. The combined use of eyewear, masks, and face shields is effective in preventing contamination of the facial and nasal region while performing AGPs. High-volume evacuation with or without an intraoral suction, low-volume evacuation, saliva ejector, and rubber dam (when appropriate) have shown effectiveness in reducing aerosol transmission beyond the generation site. Finally, the appropriate combination of ventilation and filtration in dental operatories is effective in limiting the spread of aerosols. Discussion and Conclusion Aerosols produced during clinical procedures can pose a risk of infection transmission between dental hygienists and their patients. The implementation of practices supported by available evidence will ensure greater patient and provider safety in oral health settings. More studies in oral health clinical environments would shape future practices and protocols, ultimately to ensure the delivery of safe clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Proaño
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Harpinder Kaur
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Sonica Singhal
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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14
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Taghdisi kashani A, Batooli Z, Mozafari M. Bibliometric analysis and visualization of top papers in dentistry from 2012 to 2022 based on essential science indicators. Clin Exp Dent Res 2024; 10:e832. [PMID: 38345501 PMCID: PMC10838113 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to analyze and visualize the top dental papers from 2012 to 2022 using data from essential science indicators (ESIs). MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study was conducted using library and retrospective bibliometric analysis methods. Additionally, a science map has been created. Web of Science was searched on January 18, 2023. The results were limited to the top papers in ESIs. The bibliometric information of the top papers was evaluated. Next, the VOSviewer was used to perform a co-occurrence analysis and visualize data. RESULTS The findings showed that Mariano Belén Sanz and Maurizio S. Tonetti were the top two authors. The University of London and the University of Bern had the highest number of articles. These articles were published in 55 journals. According to the analysis of keyword co-occurrence, the most frequently used keywords in the field of dentistry include "periodontitis," "dental implants," "periodontal disease," "mechanical properties," "peri-implantitis," "oral health," "dental caries," "dental materials," "3D printing." CONCLUSION The findings of this study enable readers to pinpoint the authors, organizations, countries, and journals that have made the biggest contributions to the list of the most often cited dentistry papers. In medicine, bibliometric citation analysis is frequently used to assist researchers in learning the fundamentals of a subject and pinpoint subtopics of broad interest for additional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amene Taghdisi kashani
- Department of Orthodontics, Dentistry FacultyKashan University of Medical SciencesKashanIran
| | - Zahra Batooli
- Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research CenterKashan University of Medical SciencesKashanIran
| | - Mostafa Mozafari
- Department of Orthodontics, Dentistry FacultyKashan University of Medical SciencesKashanIran
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15
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Syed J, Khan E, Kayal RA, Al Amoudi A, Nasir M, Hassan NN, Alsadi FM, Ali S. Face-to-face and e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: A Pakistani dental undergraduates perspective. Work 2024:WOR220634. [PMID: 38277321 DOI: 10.3233/wor-220634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, educational institutes have been obliged to make a quick transition from traditional face-to-face teaching to e-learning during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has purportedly created various barriers to achieving desired learning outcomes. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to assess the perceptions of undergraduate dental students regarding online and physical learning in Pakistan. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2022. The study comprised dental students from 1st to 4th years who were above the age of 18 and of either gender. The Google Forms questionnaire was created to evaluate the quality and efficiency of online and physical learning among dentistry undergraduates. RESULTS In a survey of 246 students, 70.3% strongly agreed that they would prefer face-to-face instruction over e-learning. There was a statistically significant difference in the improvement of students' technical skills (p = 0.01), accessibility to instructors (p = 0.01) and classmates (p = 0.02), value of technology (p = 0.03), improvement of oral communication skills (p = 0.01), promotion of hybrid model learning after the pandemic (p = 0.01), and utilization of tutorial services (p = 0.04) between different year of study. CONCLUSION Pakistani dental students indicated satisfaction with numerous aspects of e-learning, such as technical skills, accessibility to instructors and classmates, the value of technology, improvement of oral communication skills, promotion of hybrid model learning, and utilization of tutorial services compared to face-to-face education concerning the year of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jammaluddin Syed
- Director Research and Development, OWA Medical and Research Centre, 11507 HWY6 Suite F, 77498 Sugarland Texas, USA
| | - Erum Khan
- Director Operations, OWA Medical and Research Centre, 11507 HWY6 Suite F, 77498 Sugarland Texas, USA
| | - Rayyan A Kayal
- Department of Periodontology, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al Amoudi
- Oral Biology Department, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nisreen Nabiel Hassan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Taibah University, College of Dentistry, Al Madinah Region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Mohammad Alsadi
- Administration Health, Purchasing Department Supervisor, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saqib Ali
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Watanabe J, Iwamatsu-Kobayashi Y, Kikuchi K, Kajita T, Morishima H, Yamauchi K, Yashiro W, Nishimura H, Kanetaka H, Egusa H. Visualization of droplets and aerosols in simulated dental treatments to clarify the effectiveness of oral suction devices. J Prosthodont Res 2024; 68:85-91. [PMID: 36823102 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_23_00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The hazards of aerosols generated during dental treatments are poorly understood. This study aimed to establish visualization methods, discover conditions for droplets/aerosols generated in simulating dental treatments and identify the conditions for effective suction methods. METHODS The spreading area was evaluated via image analysis of the droplets/aerosols generated by a dental air turbine on a mannequin using a light emitting diode (LED) light source and high-speed camera. The effects of different bur types and treatment sites, reduction effect of intra-oral suction (IOS) and extra-oral suction (EOS) devices, and effect of EOS installation conditions were evaluated. RESULTS Regarding the bur types, a bud-shaped bur on the air turbine generated the most droplets/aerosols compared with round-shaped, round end-tapered, or needle-tapered burs. Regarding the treatment site, the area of droplets/aerosols produced by an air turbine from the palatal plane of the anterior maxillary teeth was significantly higher. The generated droplet/aerosol area was reduced by 92.1% by using IOS alone and 97.8% by combining IOS and EOS. EOS most effectively aspirated droplets/aerosols when placed close (10 cm) to the mouth in the vertical direction (0°). CONCLUSIONS The droplets/aerosols generated by an air turbine could be visualized using an LED light and a high-speed camera in simulating dental treatments. The bur shape and position of the dental air turbine considerably influenced droplet/aerosol diffusion. The combined use of IOS and EOS at a proper position (close and perpendicular to the mouth) facilitated effective diffusion prevention to protect the dental-care environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Watanabe
- Division of Dental Safety and System Management, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai
| | - Yoko Iwamatsu-Kobayashi
- Division of Dental Safety and System Management, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai
- Liaison Centre for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai
| | - Kenji Kikuchi
- Biological Flow Studies Laboratory, Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai
| | - Tomonari Kajita
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgical Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai
| | - Hiromitsu Morishima
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai
| | - Kensuke Yamauchi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai
| | - Wataru Yashiro
- Next-Generation Detection System Smart Lab, International Center for Synchrotron Radiation Innovation Smart (SRIS), Tohoku University, Sendai
- Frontier Quantum-beam Metrology Laboratory, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, Sendai
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Nishimura
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Sendai
| | - Hiroyasu Kanetaka
- Liaison Centre for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Dental Safety and System Management, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai
- Liaison Centre for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai
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17
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Karami H, Aarabi A, Hayrabedian A, Hajhashemi V. A Comparison of the Effects of Chlorhexidine and Sodium Bicarbonate Mouthwashes on COVID-19-Related Symptoms. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY RESEARCH 2024; 29:60-67. [PMID: 38333337 PMCID: PMC10849290 DOI: 10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_38_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Background Some studies have reported that mouthwashes can decrease the viral load in the mouth, but there is not much information about the effectiveness of mouthwashes on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study was conducted to compare the impact of using two types of mouthwash, chlorhexidine and sodium bicarbonate, on COVID-19 symptoms and infection. Materials and Methods The present three-group, double-blind clinical trial examined 116 operating room nurses and anesthesia personnel of certain hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. The participants were randomly assigned to three groups: intervention group 1 (chlorhexidine mouthwash), intervention group 2 (sodium bicarbonate mouthwash), and the control group (placebo). Mouthwash was used twice a day (morning and night) for 2 weeks. The participants were monitored in terms of COVID-19-related symptoms for 4 weeks, from the first day of mouthwash use. Results Fisher's exact test indicated a significant difference between the chlorhexidine and control groups in terms of the onset of COVID-19-related symptoms (p = 0.02). There was no significant difference in the symptoms of COVID-19 between the groups, but the groups were significantly different in terms of all symptoms at a 4-week interval (p = 0.04). Furthermore, headache was less observed in the chlorhexidine (p = 0.007) and sodium bicarbonate (p = 0.03) groups compared to the control group. Conclusions The use of 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash can decrease the onset of COVID-19-related symptoms in health-care workers. In addition, this mouthwash can partially reduce the symptoms of this disease in comparison to the control and sodium bicarbonate groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Karami
- Department of Operating Room Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Akram Aarabi
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Aygineh Hayrabedian
- Operating Room Department, Research Center of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Valiollah Hajhashemi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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18
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Beltrán E, Newton J, Avila V, Pitts N, Castellanos J, Tenuta L, Martignon S. Dentists' Perceptions of Personal Infection Control Measurements in Response to COVID-19. JDR Clin Trans Res 2024; 9:21-26. [PMID: 36207813 PMCID: PMC9548485 DOI: 10.1177/23800844221123751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore through focus groups (FGs) the perceptions of dental practitioners (DPs) from different countries of the challenges of implementing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related biosafety measures, especially personal protection equipment (PPE), during the COVID-19 pandemic period. METHODS DPs from Colombia, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States were invited to participate in country-based FGs. These were facilitated by an experienced moderator who explored the factors that guided the implementation of COVID-19 related biosafety measures and PPE use. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis on the basis of categories defined by the researchers deductively and inductively. RESULTS A total of 25 DPs participated in 3 FGs (Colombia:n = 8; United Kingdom: n = 7; United States: n = 9) and 1 in an in-depth interview (Germany). DPs described using several processes to judge which guidance document to adopt and which aspects of the guidance were important in their practice. These included making judgments concerning the views of any indemnity organization to which the DPs were responsible, the staff's views in the practice, and the views of patients. In the absence of a single overarching guidance document, DPs filtered the available information through several considerations to find a level of PPE that they deemed "implementable" in local practice. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the implementation of evidence-based practice is subject to modification through a lens of what is "feasible" in practice. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT Clinicians, educators, and policy makers can use the results of this study to understand the process through which guidance is transformed into implementable patient care pathways in the dental practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.O. Beltrán
- UNICA-Caries Research Unit, Research
Department, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - J.T. Newton
- Dental Innovation and Impact, Faculty
of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Kings College London, London,
UK
| | - V. Avila
- UNICA-Caries Research Unit, Research
Department, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - N.B. Pitts
- Dental Innovation and Impact, Faculty
of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Kings College London, London,
UK
| | | | - L.M.A. Tenuta
- School of Dentistry, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - S. Martignon
- UNICA-Caries Research Unit, Research
Department, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
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19
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Santos RC, Araújo LS, Junqueira RB, Costa ED, Pigatti FM, Kamburoğlu K, Carvalho PHB, Oliveira MLB, Aquino SN, Verner FS. Assessment of infection control in oral radiology during the COVID-19 outbreak: An international collaborative study. Imaging Sci Dent 2023; 53:365-373. [PMID: 38174034 PMCID: PMC10761298 DOI: 10.5624/isd.20230141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose In the context of COVID-19, studies evaluating the adherence of dentists and dental students to infection control are relevant due to their high occupational exposure and risk, as well as their responsibility for disseminating information and good practices. This study evaluated the adherence of dentists and dental students to infection control in the oral radiology field in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic on different continents. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional observational study involved individuals who performed intraoral radiographic examinations during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Questionnaire on Infection Control in Oral Radiology was administered virtually using a Google Form. Participants from different continents (the Americas, Africa, Europe, Asia, and Oceania) were recruited. Data were subjected to descriptive analysis and simple and multiple binary regression (5%). Results There were 582 valid answers, and 68.73% of the participants were from the Americas, 18.90% from Europe, and 12.37% from Asia. The median score for infection control protocols was 94 points for dental students and 104 points for dentists, and participants below the median were considered to have low adherence to infection control in oral radiology. Low access to infection control was found for 53.0% of dentists in the Americas, 34.0% from Europe, and 26.9% from Asia. Conclusion The adherence to infection control protocols in oral radiology was low even in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results may help improve the awareness of students and professionals, since oral radiology routines have the potential for transmitting COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela C Santos
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus GV, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Larissa S Araújo
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus GV, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael B Junqueira
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus GV, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Health Applied Science Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus GV, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eliana D Costa
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M Pigatti
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus GV, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kıvanç Kamburoğlu
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pedro HB Carvalho
- Health Applied Science Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus GV, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus GV, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Manuela LB Oliveira
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus GV, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sibele N Aquino
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus GV, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Health Applied Science Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus GV, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Francielle S Verner
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus GV, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Health Applied Science Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus GV, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Hinkov A, Tsvetkov V, Shkondrov A, Krasteva I, Shishkov S, Shishkova K. Effect of a Total Extract and Saponins from Astragalus glycyphyllos L. on Human Coronavirus Replication In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16525. [PMID: 38003714 PMCID: PMC10671514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the family Coronaviridae cause diseases in mammals, birds, and wildlife (bats), some of which may be transmissible to humans or specific to humans. In the human population, they can cause a wide range of diseases, mainly affecting the respiratory and digestive systems. In the scientific databases, there are huge numbers of research articles about the antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, and anthelmintic activities of medicinal herbs and crops with different ethnobotanical backgrounds. The subject of our research is the antiviral effect of isolated saponins, a purified saponin mixture, and a methanol extract of Astragalus glycyphyllos L. In the studies conducted for the cytotoxic effect of the substances, CC50 (cytotoxic concentration 50) and MTC (maximum tolerable concentration) were determined by the colorimetric method (MTT assay). The virus was cultured in the MDBK cell line. As a result of the experiments carried out on the influence of substances on viral replication (using MTT-based colorimetric assay for detection of human Coronavirus replication inhibition), it was found that the extract and the purified saponin mixture inhibited 100% viral replication. The calculated selective indices are about 13 and 18, respectively. The obtained results make them promising for a preparation with anti-Coronavirus action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Hinkov
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Biology, University of Sofia “St. Kl. Ohridski”, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Venelin Tsvetkov
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Biology, University of Sofia “St. Kl. Ohridski”, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Aleksandar Shkondrov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav St., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.S.); (I.K.)
| | - Ilina Krasteva
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav St., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.S.); (I.K.)
| | - Stoyan Shishkov
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Biology, University of Sofia “St. Kl. Ohridski”, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Kalina Shishkova
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Biology, University of Sofia “St. Kl. Ohridski”, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.T.); (S.S.)
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Buitrago JM, Kolbe RJ, Siqueira MF. Dental unit waterline testing practices: an 11-Year retrospective study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:867. [PMID: 37968643 PMCID: PMC10652605 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03590-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This retrospective study examined the dental unit waterline (DUWL) testing practices of Saskatchewan dental clinics over a period of 11 years, with an emphasis on their responses after identification of high microbial levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dental clinics (n = 137) aseptically collected samples of output water from their air/water syringes, handpieces, and ultrasonic scaler lines using Sigma-Aldrich® waterline test kits and delivered them to a quality assurance laboratory. Tests were incubated for seven days at room temperature, and those with heterotrophic plate counts > 500 CFU/mL were reported as failures. Statistical analyses were performed on a database containing 4,093 test results. RESULTS Participating clinics submitted an average of 11 DUWL tests per year. Overall, 21% of tests failed, and a moderate positive association (rs=.52, p < 0.001) was found between clinics' DUWL testing frequency and failure rate. Only 7% of failed DUWL tests were followed up by collection of a subsequent test within two weeks, of which 47% still exceeded the 500 CFU/mL threshold. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate an association between DUWL testing frequency and detection of unacceptable microbial levels, along with infrequent retesting and often-inadequate intervention after a failed test. This suggests the need for further efforts at the regulatory and educational levels to maintain adequate water quality during dental treatment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Procedural water can become contaminated in DUWLs and endanger patients. Regular DUWL monitoring and evidence-based interventions to treat contaminated systems are necessary to safeguard patient health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Buitrago
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Rob J Kolbe
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Moimaz SAS, Nascimento CCMP, Saliba TA, Garbin CAS, Saliba NA. COVID-19 and changes in dental practices in the Brazilian Public Health System: perception of the oral health team. Braz Oral Res 2023; 37:e117. [PMID: 37970937 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify the perception of the oral health team regarding work safety and aspects related to changes in dental practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. A descriptive, exploratory, quantitative, and qualitative cross-sectional study was conducted using an electronic questionnaire sent via email to health professionals (n = 197) affiliated with the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS), from December 2020 to September 2021, in a municipality located in the northeast of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The variables of interest were sociodemographic characteristics and those related to the professionals' perception of oral health care during the pandemic and its impact on these workers' occupational safety. Descriptive statistics were performed, and the absolute and relative frequencies of quantitative variables were calculated, whereas lexical analysis was performed for textual content using the descending hierarchical classification (CHD). Out of the total sample, elective and urgent/emergency care was provided by 58.95% (n = 56); physical barriers were absent between the teams in 54.74% (n = 52); minimally invasive techniques were applied in 71.58% (n = 68); personal protective equipment (PPE) was replaced in 81.05% (n = 77) between appointments; and occupational safety was reported by 49.47% (n = 47). Textual analysis showed a decrease in appointments and consultations, with a longer interval between appointments. The professionals noticed changes in dental practices during the pandemic, mainly regarding the use of PPE, the type of treatment performed, the number of treated patients, and the greater time interval between consultations. The physical infrastructure of health units and the availability of PPE to patients needed some adjustments. A significant number of workers felt safe in providing dental care during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzely Adas Saliba Moimaz
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - Unesp, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP. Brazil
| | | | - Tânia Adas Saliba
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - Unesp, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP. Brazil
| | - Cléa Adas Saliba Garbin
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - Unesp, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP. Brazil
| | - Nemre Adas Saliba
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - Unesp, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP. Brazil
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Delli K, Livas C, Nikitakis NG, Vissink A. Impact of COVID-19 Dentistry-Related Literature: An Altmetric Study. Int Dent J 2023; 73:770-776. [PMID: 36641342 PMCID: PMC9673089 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Scientific literature on COVID-19 has grown rapidly during the pandemic. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive overview of the popularity on the web of the available dental publications on COVID-19 and to examine associations amongst article characteristics, online mentions, and citations. MATERIALS AND METHODS An Altmetric Explorer search was conducted for COVID-19 articles published in dental journals using 3 keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, and pandemic. The following Altmetric data were collected: Altmetric attention score (AAS), mentions by news outlets, tweets, Mendeley readers, and Web of Science citations. Additionally, article title, type, topic, origin and open access status, journal title, quartile of impact factor (IF) distribution, and time lapse between COVID-19 pandemic onset and publication date were analysed. RESULTS In all, 253 articles published in 48 dental journals were eligible for the study. AAS was significantly influenced by article topic, type, origin, and journal IF quartile. There was a negligible correlation between AAS and Web of Science citations. Mendeley was the only Altmetric source highly correlated with citations. CONCLUSIONS There was substantial online interest in COVID-19 dentistry-related literature, as depicted by the AAS of the reviewed articles and social media metrics. Mendeley reader counts were highly correlated with citations, and they may therefore be valuable in research impact evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Delli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Christos Livas
- Division of Orthodontics, Dental Clinics Zwolle, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolaos G Nikitakis
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Arjan Vissink
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Cao R, Qiu P, Xu B, Lin J, Chu D, Fan Z. Effectiveness of interventions to reduce aerosol generation in dental environments: A systematic review. Prev Med Rep 2023; 35:102383. [PMID: 37680854 PMCID: PMC10480641 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain dental procedures produce high levels of aerosols containing pathogenic microorganisms, posing a risk for the transmission of infections in dental settings. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of various aerosol mitigation interventions during clinical dental procedures in real-world environments. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase for English studies up to March 2023 according to the PRISMA guidelines. Only peer-reviewed controlled clinical trials (CCT) or randomized controlled trials (RCT) studies involving human subjects were included. The risk of bias of selected researches were evaluated by two independent authors using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. The literature search yielded 3491 articles, of which 42 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study. Most studies evaluated bacterial contamination in bio-aerosols, while the viral and fungal contamination was assessed in only three studies. Overall, various approaches have been applied in reducing aerosol contamination in clinical scenarios, including high-volume evacuators (HVE), mouse rinses and rubber dams, air cleaning systems, and high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters. The available evidence suggests that various aerosol mitigation strategies could be implemented to decrease the risk of cross-infection during clinical dental procedures in real-world environments. However, further clinical trials are necessary to establish statistical validity in measuring aerosol contamination and mitigation, as well as to evaluate the risk of infection transmission for viral and fungal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongkai Cao
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, No. 399, Middle Yanchang Rd, Shanghai 200072, PR China
| | - Piaopiao Qiu
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, No. 399, Middle Yanchang Rd, Shanghai 200072, PR China
| | - Borui Xu
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, No. 399, Middle Yanchang Rd, Shanghai 200072, PR China
| | - Jingying Lin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Danna Chu
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, No. 399, Middle Yanchang Rd, Shanghai 200072, PR China
| | - Zhen Fan
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, No. 399, Middle Yanchang Rd, Shanghai 200072, PR China
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Eo MY, Thi Hoang Nguyen T, Amponsah EK, Sodnom-Ish B, Frimpong P, Yang HJ, Kim SM. Remote Real-Time Training for Sustainable Cleft Operation in Rural Region of West Africa: Effective Webinar in the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Craniofac Surg 2023:00001665-990000000-01097. [PMID: 37750711 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000009759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The surgical requirement for cleft lip and palate repair remains unmet in many developing areas of the world, including remote regions of Ghana. This article reviews the utilization of Internet education and online consultation for cleft lip and palate surgical training in Sunyani Regional Hospital (SRH), Ghana. METHODS The cleft lip and palate treatment was promoted to patients in remote areas of Sunyani, Ghana region, through a charitable outreach program. These basic designs and settings were managed by local participants such as doctors, residents, nurses, and staff in SRH, Ghana. RESULTS From November 2014 to December 2020, the authors collaborated in surgical treatment for 84 cases that were diagnosed with unilateral cleft lip, bilateral cleft lip, hard and soft palate cleft, and microstomia. The type of surgery has varied and has included cheiloplasty, palatoplasty, and others. The average scores of esthetic outcome evaluation were nasal form=2.4, symmetry of the nose=2.9, and vermillion border=2.9. Through the program, the surgeons and residents became significantly more proficient at cleft lip and palate surgery. The seminar topics have covered essential and sustainable topics based on SRH's current needs and showed the effectiveness in the current coronavirus disease-19 pandemic situation. CONCLUSIONS The shortage of orofacial cleft surgeons working in rural areas like Sunyani, Ghana, remains an obstacle that poses a challenge to any effort to improve health care quality in these rural communities. Sustainable remote education is essential for the training of local cleft surgeons to fill this local need; our collaborative and charitable program could be a recommended education design for cleft surgeons and institutes for their sustainable education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Young Eo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Truc Thi Hoang Nguyen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Emmanuel K Amponsah
- Oral and Maxillofacial Microvascular Reconstruction LAB, Brong Ahafo Regional Hospital, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Buyanbileg Sodnom-Ish
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Paul Frimpong
- Oral and Maxillofacial Microvascular Reconstruction LAB, Brong Ahafo Regional Hospital, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Hoon Joo Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soung Min Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Oral and Maxillofacial Microvascular Reconstruction LAB, Brong Ahafo Regional Hospital, Sunyani, Ghana
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Lefkowitz B, Houdmont J, Knight A. A systematic review of dentists' psychological wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Br Dent J 2023:10.1038/s41415-023-6232-8. [PMID: 37666986 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-023-6232-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic presented significant challenges to healthcare workers worldwide, including the effect on the psychological wellbeing of dentists.Aims To evaluate the impact of the early phases of the pandemic on the psychological health, long-term wellbeing and clinical service provision of dentists, as well as the identification of the key risk and protective factors for adverse mental health outcomes (MHOs) in this group.Methods A systematic review of cross-sectional studies (n = 53) from public and private dentistry sectors was employed to delineate the risk and protective factors for adverse MHOs.Results Self-reports from these studies (1 December 2019 to 31 December 2021), involving 45,671 dentists worldwide were analysed. Study findings were classified according to their psychological impact (as risk or protective factors), categorised as 'operational' or 'organisational' and subdivided into 'psychosocial', 'occupational', 'sociodemographic' and 'environmental' elements. A GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations) certainty of evidence score was calculated for all the identified factors.Conclusions This review confirmed the negative impact of the pandemic on the MHOs of dentists worldwide. Pivotal risk factors included fear of infection, transmission to families, lack of personal protective equipment and possible direct contact with infected patients. Enhanced infection control protocols, individual resilience and organisational support were identified as important protective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Lefkowitz
- School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King´s College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Houdmont
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, B Floor, Yang Fujia Building, Jubilee Campus, Wollaton Road, Nottingham, NG8 1BB, United Kingdom
| | - Alec Knight
- School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King´s College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
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Sreehari S, Shibin. PM, Sundareswaran S, Parayaruthottam P, Jisha B. Orthodontic urgencies and their management during COVID-19 pandemic-A web-based survey. J Orthod Sci 2023; 12:53. [PMID: 37881673 PMCID: PMC10597374 DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_6_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This investigation aimed to evaluate the most common orthodontic urgencies, their management, and changes in routine biosafety measures and the total income of the dental office in South India during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A questionnaire was drafted using Google Forms with questions in four domains pertaining to orthodontic urgencies, biosafety measures, treatment duration, and income. After validation, this questionnairewas sent to 750 orthodontists via WhatsApp messenger (WhatsApp Inc, Menlo Park, Calif) over a period of 14 days.Descriptive statistics and comparisons were performed using independent t- and Chi-square tests. RESULTS Majority of the orthodontists (62.3%) had closed their clinics only during the first lockdown. Many (63%) had scheduled urgent appointments along with routine limited patients per day. The most frequent urgencies were related to the breakage of brackets, archwires, molar tubes, bands, and temporary anchorage devices. Aligners were the least problematic. The treatment time was also prolonged. Telephonic advice and virtual assistance via WhatsApp messages/videos were found to be successful in the management of urgencies.Most orthodontists had strengthened their routine biosafety measures.The financial impact of this pandemic was considerable, with nearly 50% reduction in total income. CONCLUSIONS Urgencies linked to preadjusted edgewise appliances, such as breakage of brackets and tubes, and archwire-related injuries were the most common. Prolongation of treatment time and negative financial impact were the other problems encountered during this pandemic. Drastic changes had occurred in routine biosafety measures, which prevented the spread of infection among orthodontists and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sreehari
- Department of Orthodontics, Government Dental College, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - P Muhammed Shibin.
- Department of Orthodontics, Government Dental College, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | | | | | - Baby Jisha
- Department of Orthodontics, Government Dental College, Calicut, Kerala, India
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28
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Kumar MS, He R, Feng L, Olin P, Chew HP, Jardine P, Anderson GC, Hong J. Particle generation and dispersion from high-speed dental drilling. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:5439-5448. [PMID: 37479870 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the characteristics of particle generation and dispersion during dental procedure using digital inline holography (DIH) METHODS: Particles at two locations, near-field and far-field, which represent the field closer to the procedure location and within 0.5 m from the procedure location respectively, are studied using two different DIH systems. The effect of three parameters namely rotational speed, coolant flow rate, and bur angle on particle generation and dispersion are evaluated by using 10 different operating conditions. The particle characteristics at different operating conditions are estimated from the holograms using machine learning-based analysis. RESULTS The particle concentration decreased by at least two orders of magnitude between the near-field and far-field locations across the 10 different operating conditions, indicating significant dispersion of the particles. High rotational speed is found to produce a larger number of smaller particles, while lower rotational speeds generate larger particles. Coolant flow rate is found to have a greater impact on particle transport to the far-field location. Irregular shape dental particles account for 29% of total particles at far-field location, with the majority of these irregular shape particles having diameters ranging from 12 to 18 μm. CONCLUSIONS All three parameters have significant effects on particle generation and dispersion, with rotational speed having a more significant influence on particle generation at near-field and coolant flow rate playing a more important role on particle transport to the far-field. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study provides valuable insights on particle characteristics during high-speed drilling. It can help dental professionals minimize exposure risks for themselves and patients by optimizing clinical operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shyam Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ruichen He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Paul Olin
- University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Hooi Pin Chew
- University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Paul Jardine
- University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Gary C Anderson
- University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jiarong Hong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Jaber MA, Alfarra MBQ, Abdelmagied MH, Varma S, El-Ameen E, Abu Fanas S. Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice among Dental Sciences and Internship Students in Ajman University, United Arab Emirates: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Dent 2023; 2023:3815286. [PMID: 37485305 PMCID: PMC10361826 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3815286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to assess the COVID-19-related knowledge, attitudes, and practice among dental students (DS) and internship students at Ajman University (AU). Methods A cross-sectional, web-based study was conducted among Ajman dental college students registered in the academic year 2019/2020, about COVID-19 during the first week of April 2020. A questionnaire was developed and distributed to all DS to examine their knowledge and attitudes toward the COVID-19 pandemic. Chi-square (χ2) test was used to investigate the level of association among categorical variables at the significance level of p < 0.05. Results Out of 769 students in the dental college, majority (75%) had adequate knowledge of COVID-19, but only 40.6% of the participants projected a positive attitude. A positive behavior was reported by an overwhelming 94.5% of the participants. Participants above 25 years of age had significantly higher (p < 0.001) adequate knowledge (88.2%), positive attitude (56.9%), and positive behavior (100%) compared to those below 25 years of age. Study participants reported social media (71.1%), government websites (63.7%), and family and friends (41.0%) as top three sources of information regarding COVID-19 related information. Conclusion The results of this study show that AU dental and internship students have adequate knowledge and positive attitude of the COVID-19 pandemic but the majority are not eager to adopt effective strategies to avoid the spread of COVID-19 (practice). Further education should be offered to encourage efficient infection management practices to protect students, faculty, and other university staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Jaber
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
- Center for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
| | | | | | - Sudhir Varma
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
- Center for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
| | | | - Salem Abu Fanas
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
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Ramachandran A, Khan SIR, Siddeeqh S, Gopinathan PA, Bijai LK, Iyer K. Management Protocols of the Hot Tooth-A KAP Survey among General Dentists and Endodontists. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2023; 15:S383-S390. [PMID: 37654287 PMCID: PMC10466530 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_99_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Pain management is a cornerstone in the practice of endodontics. However, optimum pain control has been a challenge in cases of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis resulting in a "hot tooth." Thus, the objective of the study is to assess the knowledge and attitude and to determine the clinical protocols of "hot tooth" management followed among general practitioners and specialists. Materials and Methods The KAP questionnaire contained 05 knowledge, 04 attitudes, and 06 practice-related items. The questionnaire was pretested among 10 randomly selected general dentists and endodontists. Testing-retesting was also performed. The questionnaire was self-administered and the acceptance to answer the questionnaire was considered consent to participate in the study. The sample size was calculated to be 200 with a 95% level of confidence. Descriptive statistics were used. For significance level, P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The Chi-square test was used for comparison between the endodontists and the general dentists. Results The anesthetic techniques that clinicians are most skilled in are infiltration and inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) - 96.6% and 98.5% respectively. The intraosseous technique (IO) was the least preferred technique (6.8%). The most common supplementary injection used among both the BDS and MDS graduates was intrapulpal anesthesia. In cases of acute pulpitis, 54% of the respondents prescribed NSAIDs as a pre-anesthetic medication. Conclusion The current study shows that supplemental injections like intraosseous and intraligamental techniques are underutilized. Also, the benefits of preanesthetic medication for hot tooth management are not harnessed among clinicians despite the sufficient body of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Ramachandran
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Chettinad Dental College, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Kelambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sulthan I. R Khan
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman Siddeeqh
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Pillai A. Gopinathan
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Laliytha K. Bijai
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kiran Iyer
- Department of Preventive Dental Health Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Sinha A, Sharma NK, Saxena S, Tiwari S, Prasad A, Kumari P, Kundu M. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards COVID-19 Pandemic among Patients Attending Dental Outpatient Department of M.G.M. Medical College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2023; 15:S683-S687. [PMID: 37654266 PMCID: PMC10466659 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_639_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an extremely contagious illness that spreads mostly via the dentistry practice. Patients in need of dental care are at a higher risk of becoming infected with and becoming carriers of the illness. Aim To assess the COVID-19-related knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of patients visiting dental outpatient department of M.G.M. Medical College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study, patients visiting dental outpatient department of M.G.M. Medical College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India were included. The questionnaire had four sections including demographic information, knowledge, attitudes, and practice in relation to COVID-19. Along with computation of descriptive statistics, data analysis was performed using unpaired t-test. Results A total of 332 people took part in the research. The female respondents were higher in number (53.01%) and the highest percentage of the respondents belongs to the age group 18-40 years (55.72%). Nearly, 98% of respondents were vaccinated. The highest percentage of KAP level was recorded for knowledge (74.95%) followed by that of attitude (50.84%) and practices (37.05%). Conclusion While respondents' overall knowledge was high but their enthusiasm for taking preventative measures was low, and their efforts to stem the pandemic were lagging at best. Future campaigns should focus more on reaching out to marginalized populations, such as those with less education or higher poverty rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anvita Sinha
- Department of Dentistry, M.G.M. Medical College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar Sharma
- Department of Dentistry, M.G.M. Medical College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sudhanshu Saxena
- Department of Dentistry, M.G.M. Medical College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sonia Tiwari
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India
| | - Anushree Prasad
- Department of Dentistry, ECHS Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
| | - Pooja Kumari
- Department of Dentistry, M.G.M. Medical College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
| | - Mousami Kundu
- Department of Dentistry, M.G.M. Medical College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
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Kritika S, Mahalaxmi S, Srinivasan N, Krithikadatta J. Deciphering the role of Saliva in COVID 19: A global cross-sectional study on the knowledge, awareness and perception among dentists. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:424. [PMID: 37365550 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The global pandemic outbreak of the coronavirus has instilled the quest amongst researchers on the expedited need for the early detection of viral load. Saliva is a complex oral biological fluid which not only causes the disease transmission but can be an effective alternative sample for detection of SARS-CoV2. This provides an ideal opportunity for dentists to be the frontline healthcare professionals who can collect the salivary samples; however the awareness of this amongst dentists is uncertain. Hence the aim of this survey was to evaluate the knowledge, perception and awareness of the role of saliva in detecting the SARS-CoV2 among dentists worldwide. METHODS The online questionnaire comprising of 19 questions was shared to 1100 dentists worldwide and a total of 720 responses was collected. The data was tabulated, statistically analysed using the non- parametric Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05). Based on the principal component analysis, 4 components (knowledge about virus transmission, perception about SARS-CoV2 virus, awareness on the sample collection and knowledge about prevention of the virus) were obtained which was compared with the 3 independent variables (years of clinical experience, occupation and region). RESULTS A statistically significant difference was observed in the awareness quotient amongst the dentists with 0-5 years and greater than 20 years of clinical experience. In terms of the occupation, a significant difference was noted when comparing the postgraduate students to practitioners knowledge about the virus transmission. A highly significant difference was seen on comparing academicians and postgraduate students and also between academicians and practitioners. No significant difference was evidenced amongst the different regions, however the mean score was in the range of 3-3.44. CONCLUSION This survey highlights the deficiency in the knowledge, perception and awareness among dentists worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvakumar Kritika
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Ramapuram Campus, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600089, India.
| | - Sekar Mahalaxmi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Ramapuram Campus, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600089, India
| | - N Srinivasan
- Specialist Endodontist, Hamad Dental Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jogikalmat Krithikadatta
- Department of Cariology and Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India
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Marques-Medeiros AC, Martins RC, Souza LND, Gomez RS, Silva MEDSE, Martins MAP, Abreu MHNGD. E-learning as a strategy in dentistry in the context of COVID-19: a path to follow? Braz Oral Res 2023; 37:e060. [PMID: 37341233 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aims to assess the effectiveness of e-learning in compliance with the new biosafety recommendations in dentistry in the context of COVID-19 applied to the clinical staff of a dental school in Brazil. A quasi-experimental epidemiological study was carried out by means of a structured, pre-tested online questionnaire, applied before and after an educational intervention, using an e-learning format. After data collection, statistical tests were performed. A total of 549 members of the clinical staff participated in the study in the two collection phases, with a return rate of 26.9%. After the e-learning stage, a reduction was found in the reported use of disposable gloves, protective goggles, and surgical masks. The course had no impact on the staff's knowledge concerning the proper sequence for donning PPE and showed 100% effectiveness regarding proper PPE doffing sequence. Knowledge about avoiding procedures that generate aerosols in the clinical setting was improved. Despite the low rate of return, it can be concluded that online intervention alone was ineffective in significantly improving learning about the new clinical biosafety guidelines. Therefore, the use of hybrid teaching and repetitive training is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Marques-Medeiros
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata Castro Martins
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Leandro Napier de Souza
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG,School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Santiago Gomez
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG,School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisa de Souza E Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG,School of Dentistry, Department of Operative Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Ting M, Dahlkemper A, Schwartz JJ, Woodfork M, Suzuki JB. Preprocedural Viral Load Effects of Oral Antiseptics on SARS-CoV-2 in Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1694. [PMID: 37371789 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) There are limited clinical trials to support the effectiveness of mouth rinses when used as a preprocedural rinse against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of antiseptic mouth rinses as a preprocedural rinse in reducing SARS-CoV-2 oral viral load in-vivo. (2) Methods: A literature search was conducted through November 2022 for the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. The evaluated outcomes were quantitative changes in viral load and the statistical significance of that change after using antiseptic mouth rinses. (3) Results: 14 randomized controlled trials (RCT) were selected for risk of bias assessment and data extraction. (4) Conclusion: Within the limits of this systematic review, preprocedural mouth rinses may significantly reduce SARS-CoV-2 in the mouth, thus, reducing the viral particles available for airborne dispersion. Preprocedural mouth rinses may be an effective strategy for reducing airborne SARS-CoV-2 dispersion in the environment. Their use may be a preventive strategy to reduce the spread of COVID-19 in selected medical and healthcare facilities, including dental clinics. Potential preprocedural mouth rinses are identified for use as an integral part of safe practice for healthcare protocols. This systematic review was registered with the National Institute for Health Research, international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42022315177.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Ting
- Department of Periodontics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- General Practice Residency, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19141, USA
- Think Dental Learning Institute, Paoli, PA 19301, USA
| | - Alex Dahlkemper
- General Practice Residency, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19141, USA
| | - Jeremy J Schwartz
- General Practice Residency, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19141, USA
| | - Manzel Woodfork
- General Practice Residency, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19141, USA
| | - Jon B Suzuki
- Department of Graduate Periodontics, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Graduate Prosthodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98015, USA
- Department of Graduate Periodontics, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
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Miao Z, Zhang H, Han Y, Wang L, Wang S. Orthodontic care in orthodontic patients during the COVID-2019 pandemic: emergency, emergency response and orthodontic treatment preference. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:364. [PMID: 37277764 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03066-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of emergencies and the requirement for emergency treatment after the suspension of orthodontic appointments. The attitude towards orthodontic treatment preference was evaluated as well, including receiving orthodontic treatment and the preference for orthodontic appliances. SUBJECTS AND METHODS An electronic questionnaire was distributed to the patients, including 4 sections: Section 1 - demographic and basic information; Section 2 - the characteristics of emergencies and emergency treatment requirements; Section 3 - the NRS-11 for pain and Manchester Orofacial Pain Disability Scale used to evaluate the intensity of orofacial pain and disability; and Section 4 - attitudes towards receiving orthodontic treatment and appliance preference. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's chi-square test, Wilcoxon's rank-sum test and stepwise generalized linear model (GLM) were performed with significance set at P < 0.05. RESULT Most participants' (91.61%) follow-up appointments were suspended. The emergency rate and emergency treatment requirements were not different between the fixed appliance (FA) and clear aligner (CA) groups. Patients who reported emergencies (P < 0.01) in the FA group (P < 0.05) and some emergencies in the FA (P < 0.05) suffered worse pain and disability. More FA participants preferred alternative appliances (P < 0.05) due to pain and disability (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION FA patients' emergencies caused worse pain and disability when orthodontic appointments were suspended. Pain and disability were not the causes of emergency treatment requirements. The CA group seemed to show a tendency towards orthodontic appliance preference, which was an ideal modality to weather the epidemic, combined with telemedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyao Miao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haijuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yandong Han
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lirong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Shuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Rivero-González MA, Romeo-Rubio M, Castillo-Oyagüe R. Changes in the teaching of prosthodontics adopted in the last academic course of the degree in Dentistry in Spain during the first period of the COVID-19 pandemic. J Dent 2023:104563. [PMID: 37270024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the teaching of prosthodontics, on the 5th course of the Bachelor's degree in Dentistry in Spain. METHODS In June 2021, a two-section survey was submitted to the coordinators of prosthodontics of the 23 Spanish faculties of Dentistry. The first section was focused on the theoretical lessons, seminars, and clinical discussion sessions. The second part relied on the clinical teaching and the implemented preventive measures. RESULTS The response rate was 100%. By the end of the 2020-21 course, both the theoretical and practical teaching were replaced by online activities, returning to face-to face in 2021-22. While most participants preferred in-person seminars and clinical discussion sessions, concerning the theory, comparable percentages of professors chose either face-to-face or blended learning (BL). The students' satisfaction with BL is high, but they seem more attentive in-person. At the beginning of the pandemic, the most common emergency in prosthodontics was debonding. Overall, a low concern about cross-infection was noticed. The barrier measures were the mainly adopted for prevention. CONCLUSIONS Although the BL is appreciated in prosthodontics for theoretical lessons, face-to-face teaching appears to be the best option for seminars and clinical case discussions. The students are satisfied with BL. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Spanish faculties of Dentistry responded quickly to continuing offering quality education through an accelerated digitization process that has created a new paradigm. Detailed analyses of these changes may help establish plans to respond systematically to unforeseen emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Romeo-Rubio
- Professor. Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid (U.C.M.), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Raquel Castillo-Oyagüe
- Cathedratic Professor. Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid (U.C.M.), Madrid, Spain.
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Divyashree S, Shruthi B, Vanitha P, Sreenivasa M. Probiotics and their postbiotics for the control of opportunistic fungal pathogens: A review. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 38:e00800. [PMID: 37215743 PMCID: PMC10196798 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2023.e00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
During past twenty years the opportunistic fungal infections have been emerging, causing morbidity and mortality. The fungi belonging to Aspergillus, Mucor, Rhizopus, Candida, Fusarium, Penicillium, Dermatophytes and others cause severe opportunistic fungal infections. Among these Aspergillus and Candida spp cause majority of the diseases. The continuum of fungal infections will prolong to progress in the surroundings of the growing inhabitants of immunocompromised individuals. Presently many chemical-based drugs were used as prophylactic and therapeutic agents. Prolonged usage of antibiotics may lead to some severe effect on the human health. Also, one of the major threats is that the fungal pathogens are becoming the drug resistant. There are many physical, chemical, and mechanical methods to prevent the contamination or to control the disease. Owing to the limitations that are observed in such methods, biological methods are gaining more interest because of the use of natural products which have comparatively less side effects and environment friendly. In recent years, research on the possible use of natural products such as probiotics for clinical use is gaining importance. Probiotics, one of the well studied biological products, are safe upon consumption and are explored to treat various fungal infections. The antifungal potency of major groups of probiotic cultures such as Lactobacillus spp, Leuconostoc spp, Saccharomyces etc. and their metabolic byproducts which act as postbiotics like organic acids, short chain fatty acids, bacteriocin like metabolites, Hydrogen peroxide, cyclic dipeptides etc. to inhibit these opportunistic fungal pathogens have been discussed here.
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Widyarman AS, Roeslan MO, Dewanto I. Pre-dental treatment screening in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic: a questionnaire survey of dental practitioners. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:311. [PMID: 37217988 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental practitioners have a high risk of contracting COVID-19 during the treatment of patients because of exposure to airborne droplets. However, the application of pre-procedure treatment screening in dental practices in Indonesia varied during the pandemic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of updated pre-procedure dental treatment protocols and procedures among dental practitioners in Indonesia. METHODS This study consisted of dentists registered as members of the Indonesian Dental Association who attended the Indonesian Dental Association webinar series in 2021. All the participants completed a questionnaire survey. The participants, who were from various regions in Indonesia, were granted password-protected access to a URL hosting the questionnaire. The questionnaire collected demographic information and contained questions on adherence to updated protocols and patient screening procedures, to which the respondents answered "Yes" or "No". For the analysis, the participants were divided into three groups based on the type of facility where they were employed: public (government) hospitals, private hospitals, or university hospitals (dental schools). A chi-square test was used to investigate the association between professional background and the implementation of updated protocols, including pre-procedure dental treatment screening. A value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The age range of the participants was 20 - 60 years. The participants worked in facilities in 32 provinces in Indonesia. In total, there were 5,323 participants (males: n = 829; females: n = 4,494). In terms of professional backgrounds, 2,171, 2,867, and 285 participants were employed in government hospitals, private hospitals, and dental faculties, respectively. Among 5,232 participants who implemented updated COVID-19 prevention protocols, 5,053 (98%) participants performed pre-surgery procedures Among 151 participants who did not implement updated COVID-19 prevention protocols, 133 (88%) individuals carried out pre-rinse procedures. CONCLUSIONS Almost all the dental practitioners employed in government hospitals, private hospitals, and dental faculties in Indonesia performed pre-surgery patient screening procedures. There was an agreement between the dental professionals in all three settings on the need for COVID-19 pre-treatment screening procedures in dental practices during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelia Sari Widyarman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Kyai Tapa 260, Grogol, 11440, West Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Moehamad Orliando Roeslan
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti , Kyai Tapa 260, Grogol, 11440, West Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Iwan Dewanto
- Faculty of Medical and Health Science, School of Dentistry, University Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Bantul, 55183, Indonesia
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Kayalar E, Küçükkurt B. Applications and effectiveness of teledentistry in orthodontic practice during the COVID-19 restrictions. J World Fed Orthod 2023:S2212-4438(23)00035-8. [PMID: 37179245 PMCID: PMC10174472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to identify the areas of application for teledentistry and analyze its effectiveness in orthodontic practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A total of 233 patients (159 women, 74 men) receiving orthodontic treatment were included. During the COVID-19 restriction period, patients were given teledentistry appointments. During these video conferences, remote orthodontic checkups were performed by one orthodontist, who asked the patients for photos or videos. The applications carried out during the interviews were recorded, classified, and analyzed. In addition, clinical emergency patients were identified. After the teledentistry consultations, two different questionnaires were presented to the patients, depending on their attendance at teledentistry appointments, and the results were statistically evaluated. RESULTS In all, 21.25% of the patients were identified as having clinical emergencies, including injury because of damage from brackets and wires; 10% of them reported bracket breakage; 17.5% were encouraged to use intermaxillary elastics; and 3.75% were in pain. However, 50% of them were found to be unproblematic. A total of 91% of the participants in the survey reported that online checkups were sufficient to understand and resolve their symptoms. However, 28% wanted to communicate with orthodontists by video call or with photos instead of meeting face to face (65.5%) when unexpected problems arose during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Teledentistry can be an effective method for motivating patients who are undergoing orthodontic treatments that require cooperation. It is also an effective way of understanding the patients' symptoms and reducing the risk of cross-infection by identifying patients who will require face-to-face emergency treatment during pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Kayalar
- Lecturer, Discipline of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Berkan Küçükkurt
- PhD Candidate, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Sajjan GS, Praveen D, Gadde P, Sajjan S, Swamy S, Chaitanya P, Ramesh KSV, Pulidindi AK. Perspectives of Indian dental residents on novel online practical examination during COVID-19: A cross-sectional study. J Dent Educ 2023. [PMID: 37185954 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the graduating dental residents' perspectives on the online clinical examination format. METHODS The questionnaire used to assess the perspectives was developed via a focus group discussion and was validated for face and content validity, readability testing, and pilot testing for the online version. This self-administered, online questionnaire integrated 15 Likert-scale-based multiple choice questions and one open-ended question. It was distributed to the residents across 16 dental schools after the clinical examination was completed. The perspectives regarding examination preparation, the ability to transition to online mode, and the performance in the examination were assessed. Descriptive statistical analysis (counts and percentages) was performed. RESULTS A total of 256 subjects participated in the study by returning the online survey. In the preparation phase, 70.7% (n = 181) residents reported anxiety and 56.1% (n = 144) reported stress. During the examinations, only 13.6% (n = 35) of the participants reported difficulty with internet speed. The majority, 64.6% (n = 165) of the participants reported that the absence of an external examiner face-to-face reduced anxiety. The compiled answers to the open-ended question revealed that residents expressed inconvenience in digitizing the academic logbooks and clinical work. The poor quality of sound and images affected the display of skills. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed a moderate level of acceptance for the novel online practical examination method. The residents reported stress before and during the examination due to the sudden transition to an online examination. The online practical examination with modifications might be a viable alternative to the in-person clinical examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girija S Sajjan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, West Godavari (Dt), India
| | - Dalavai Praveen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, West Godavari (Dt), India
| | - Praveen Gadde
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, West Godavari (Dt), India
| | - Suresh Sajjan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, West Godavari (Dt), India
| | - Shivakumara Swamy
- Department of Dentistry, Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya, India
| | - Penmatsa Chaitanya
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, West Godavari (Dt), India
| | - Konathala S V Ramesh
- Department of Periodontics, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, West Godavari (Dt), India
| | - Anil Kumar Pulidindi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, West Godavari (Dt), India
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Weber J, Bonn EL, Auer DL, Kirschneck C, Buchalla W, Scholz KJ, Cieplik F. Preprocedural mouthwashes for infection control in dentistry-an update. Clin Oral Investig 2023:10.1007/s00784-023-04953-z. [PMID: 37079156 PMCID: PMC10116478 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04953-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aerosols and splatter are routinely generated in dental practice and can be contaminated by potentially harmful bacteria or viruses such as SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, preprocedural mouthwashes containing antiseptic agents have been proposed as a potential measure for infection control in dental practice. This review article aims to summarize the clinical (and, if insufficient, preclinical) evidence on preprocedural mouthwashes containing antiseptic agents and to draw conclusions for dental practitioners. METHODS Literature on preprocedural mouthwashes for reduction of bacterial or viral load in dental aerosols was searched and summarized. RESULTS Preprocedural mouthwashes, particularly those containing chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), or essential oils (EO), can significantly reduce the bacterial load in dental aerosols. With respect to viruses such as HSV-1, there are too little clinical data to draw any clear recommendations. On the other hand, clinical data is consolidating that CPC-containing mouthwashes can temporarily reduce the intraoral viral load and infectivity in SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals. Nevertheless, potential risks and side effects due to regular antiseptic use such as ecological effects or adaptation of bacteria need to be considered. CONCLUSIONS The use of preprocedural mouthwashes containing antiseptics can be recommended according to currently available data, but further studies are needed, particularly on the effects on other viruses besides SARS-CoV-2. When selecting a specific antiseptic, the biggest data basis currently exists for CHX, CPC, EO, or combinations thereof. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Preprocedural mouthwashes containing antiseptics can serve as part of a bundle of measures for protection of dental personnel despite some remaining ambiguities and in view of potential risks and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Weber
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eva L Bonn
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - David L Auer
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Buchalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin J Scholz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Cieplik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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Zachari S, Papagiannis D, Kotsiou O, Malli F, Fradelos EC, Gourgoulianis KI. Factors of Compliance of Dental Patients in Primary Health Care Services during the Pandemic. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040844. [PMID: 37112755 PMCID: PMC10142344 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The compliance of dentists with good hygiene practices during the COVID-19 pandemic was essential to minimize the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 strains, and the pandemic has significantly interrupted the provision of oral health care to many individuals. We aimed to examine, in a cross-sectional study, factors affecting dental patients' compliance in primary dental health settings during the pandemic period. The present study was conducted on 300 dental patients visiting four private dental offices in the city of Larissa in Central Greece during the period October-December 2021. The patients in the study sample were of an average age of 45.79 years with a standard deviation of 15.54 years, and 58% of the sample were females. A significant proportion of the participants, 22%, reported that they would be influenced if they knew that the dentist had been ill with COVID-19 despite being fully recovered. A total of 88% of the participants reported that they would feel safe if they knew their dentist was vaccinated against COVID-19. Regarding the information received by dentists, 88% of the participants agreed that the dentist's role is important in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic, and 89% of them agreed that the information they received from the dentist about the COVID-19 pandemic was sufficient. One-third of the total sample reported that COVID-19 negatively impacted keeping dental appointments, and 43% of the sample kept scheduled appointments. A total of 98% reported that the dentist followed all health protocols against COVID-19 and that their office was equipped to follow health protocols. In the present study, we observe that dentists had adequate knowledge of, attitudes towards, and practices of infection control protocols against COVID-19 during the second wave, according to patients' perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Zachari
- Primary Health Care Post Graduate Program, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Papagiannis
- Public Health & Vaccines Laboratory, Department of Nursing, School of Health Science, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Ourania Kotsiou
- Human Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Nursing, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Foteini Malli
- Respiratory Disorders Laboratory, Faculty of Nursing, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
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Vasant R, Haigh A, O Hooley D. COVID-19 self-isolation patterns in UK dental care professionals from February to April 2020. Br Dent J 2023; 234:519-525. [PMID: 37059782 PMCID: PMC10103668 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-023-5694-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Aim Dentistry is routinely associated with aerosol generating procedures. It has been suggested that aerosol generating procedures may place the dental professionals at increased risk of infection from respiratory pathogens. In the absence of widespread testing of the dental workforce to ascertain the incidence of COVID-19, a web-based self-reporting survey captured self-isolation patterns in dental professionals.Method A web-based closed questionnaire via the Survey Monkey platform captured reported COVID-19 self-isolation patterns in the dental team.Results A total of 3,309 responses were collected: 2,888 (87.3%) responses contained valid data and 26.8% of respondents reported self-isolating. Of these, 31.2% did so because they were suffering from COVID-like symptoms, 21.3% did so in order to protect a vulnerable member of their household, 25.7% did because a member of their household was suffering from COVID-like symptoms, and 21.8% self-isolated to protect themselves.Conclusion Despite the inherent limitations of self-reporting surveys, a web-based self-reporting questionnaire rapidly captured self-isolating patterns in DCPs. The initial findings from this survey would suggest that between February and April 2020, dental professionals did not experience disproportionately higher levels of COVID-like symptoms than the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronuk Vasant
- Specialist in Prosthodontics, MK Vasant and Associates, London, UK.
| | - Andre Haigh
- General Dental Practitioner, The Clearly Different Dental Practice, Derby, UK
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Farmaha JK, James JN, Frazier K, Sahajpal NS, Mondal AK, Bloomquist DT, Kolhe R, Looney SW, Bloomquist R. Reduction of SARS-CoV-2 salivary viral load with pre-procedural mouth rinses: a randomised, controlled, clinical trial. Br Dent J 2023; 234:593-600. [PMID: 37117367 PMCID: PMC10141803 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-023-5741-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this study was to test the short-term efficacy of four commercial mouthwashes versus water in reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the oral cavity over clinically relevant time points.Methods In total, 32 subjects that were proven SARS-CoV-2-positive via polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnostic test were recruited and randomised into five parallel arms. Cycle threshold (Ct) values were compared in saliva samples between the groups, as well as within the groups at baseline (pre-rinse), zero hours, one hour and two hours post-rinse, using SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription-PCR analysis.Results We observed a significant increase in Ct values in saliva samples collected immediately after rinsing with all the four mouthwashes - 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate, 1.5% hydrogen peroxide, 1% povidone iodine, or Listerine - compared to water. A sustained increase in Ct values for up to two hours was only observed in the Listerine and chlorohexidine gluconate groups. We were not able to sufficiently power this clinical trial, so the results remain notional but encouraging and supportive of findings in other emerging mouthwash studies on COVID-19, warranting additional investigations.Conclusions Our evidence suggests that in a clinical setting, prophylactic rinses with Listerine or chlorhexidine gluconate can potentially reduce SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the oral cavity for up to two hours. While limited in statistical power due to the difficulty in obtaining this data, we advocate for pre-procedural mouthwashing, like handwashing, as an economical and safe additional precaution to help mitigate the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from a potentially infected patient to providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Kaur Farmaha
- Department of Clinical Research, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia, USA
| | - Jeffrey N James
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia, USA
| | - Kyle Frazier
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia, USA
| | - Nikhil Shri Sahajpal
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia, USA
| | - Ashis K Mondal
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia, USA
| | - Doan Tam Bloomquist
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Centre, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ravindra Kolhe
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia, USA
| | - Stephen W Looney
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ryan Bloomquist
- Department of Restorative Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia, USA.
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Coker MO, Subramanian G, Davidow A, Fredericks-Younger J, Gennaro ML, Fine DH, Feldman CA. Impact of DHCWs' Safety Perception on Vaccine Acceptance and Adoption of Risk Mitigation Strategies. JDR Clin Trans Res 2023; 8:188-197. [PMID: 35191352 PMCID: PMC10029133 DOI: 10.1177/23800844211071111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the association between safety perception on vaccine acceptance and adoptions of risk mitigation strategies among dental health care workers (DHCWs). METHODS A survey was emailed to DHCWs in the New Jersey area from December 2020 to January 2021. Perceived safety from regular SARS-CoV-2 testing of self, coworkers, and patients and its association with vaccine hesitancy and risk mitigation were ascertained. Risk Mitigation Strategy (RiMS) scores were computed from groupings of office measures: 1) physical distancing (reduced occupancy, traffic flow, donning of masks, minimal room crowding), 2) personal protective equipment (fitted for N95; donning N95 masks; use of face shields; coverings for head, body, and feet), and 3) environmental disinfection (suction, air filtration, ultraviolet, surface wiping). RESULTS SARS-CoV-2 testing of dental professionals, coworkers, and patients were perceived to provide safety at 49%, 55%, and 68%, respectively. While dentists were least likely to feel safe with regular self-testing for SARS-CoV-2 (P < 0.001) as compared with hygienists and assistants, they were more willing than hygienists (P = 0.004; odds ratio, 1.79 [95% CI, 1.21 to 2.66]) and assistants (P < 0.001; odds ratio, 3.32 [95% CI, 1.93 to 5.71]) to receive the vaccine. RiMS scores ranged from 0 to 19 for 467 participants (mean [SD], 10.9 [2.9]). RiMS scores did not significantly differ among groups of DHCWs; however, mean RiMS scores were higher among those who received or planned to receive the COVID-19 vaccine than those with who did not (P = 0.004). DHCWs who felt safer with regular testing had greater RiMS scores than those who did not (11.0 vs. 10.3, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Understanding DHCWs' perception of risk and safety is crucial, as it likely influences attitudes toward testing and implementation of office risk mitigation policies. Clinical studies that correlate risk perception and RiMS with SARS-CoV-2 testing are needed to demonstrate the effectiveness of RiMS in dental care settings. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT Educators, clinicians, and policy makers can use the results of this study when improving attitudes toward testing and implementation of risk mitigation policies within dental offices, for current and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Coker
- Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - G Subramanian
- Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - A Davidow
- Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - J Fredericks-Younger
- Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - M L Gennaro
- Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Public Health Research Institute and New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - D H Fine
- Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - C A Feldman
- Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
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Dolev E, Eli I, Mashkit E, Grinberg N, Emodi-Perlman A. Fluorescent Marker as a Tool to Improve Strategies to Control Contaminated Surfaces and Decrease Danger of Cross-Contamination in Dental Clinics, during and beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5229. [PMID: 36982137 PMCID: PMC10049276 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic posed an increased threat to dental personnel and patients. Close encounters with patients' breath and saliva and the use of intraoral rotating instruments which disperse microscopic airborne particles both increase the possibility of environmental infection. In this study, fluorescent marker (FM) was used to assess and enhance surface cleanliness in the dental clinics and public areas of a major dental school. Initially, 574 surfaces in various areas of a dental school were marked with FM for 3 consecutive months to monitor the surface cleanliness. The initial evaluation results were visually presented to both students and para-dental and cleaning personnel during a designated educational session, and were used to stress the importance of preventing cross-contamination. Following educational intervention, 662 surfaces were re-examined for an additional 3 months, using the same method. A significant improvement in the surfaces' cleanliness (ANOVA, F(1) = 10.89, p < 0.005) was observed post-intervention. The results were more prominent in students' clinics, which were the students' cleaning responsibility. The results show that fluorescent markers can serve as an educational tool to improve strategies to control contaminated surfaces in large clinics, such as dental schools. Their use can substantially decrease the hazard of cross-contamination during the pandemic and beyond.
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Bonn EL, Rohrhofer A, Audebert FX, Lang H, Auer DL, Scholz KJ, Schuster P, Wenzel JJ, Hiller KA, Buchalla W, Gottsauner JM, Vielsmeier V, Schmidt B, Cieplik F. Efficacy of a Mouthwash Containing CHX and CPC in SARS-CoV-2-Positive Patients: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. J Dent Res 2023; 102:608-615. [PMID: 36942423 PMCID: PMC10030878 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231156415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Soon after the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, preprocedural mouthwashes were recommended for temporarily reducing intraoral viral load and infectivity of individuals potentially infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in order to protect medical personnel. Particularly, the antiseptic cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) has shown virucidal effects against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Therefore, the aim of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to investigate the efficacy of a commercially available mouthwash containing CPC and chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) at 0.05% each in SARS-CoV-2-positive patients as compared to a placebo mouthwash. Sixty-one patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 with onset of symptoms within the last 72 h were included in this study. Oropharyngeal specimens were taken at baseline, whereupon patients had to gargle mouth and throat with 20 mL test or placebo (0.9% NaCl) mouthwash for 60 s. After 30 min, further oropharyngeal specimens were collected. Viral load was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and infectivity of oropharyngeal specimens was analyzed by virus rescue in cell culture and quantified via determination of tissue culture infectious doses 50% (TCID50). Data were analyzed nonparametrically (α = 0.05). Viral load slightly but significantly decreased upon gargling in the test group (P = 0.0435) but not in the placebo group. Viral infectivity as measured by TCID50 also significantly decreased in the test group (P = 0.0313), whereas there was no significant effect but a trend in the placebo group. Furthermore, it was found that the specimens from patients with a vaccine booster exhibited significantly lower infectivity at baseline as compared to those without vaccine booster (P = 0.0231). This study indicates that a preprocedural mouthwash containing CPC and CHX could slightly but significantly reduce the viral load and infectivity in SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. Further studies are needed to corroborate these results and investigate whether the observed reductions in viral load and infectivity could translate into clinically useful effects in reducing COVID-19 transmission (German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00027812).
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Bonn
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - A Rohrhofer
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - F X Audebert
- Praxiszentrum Alte Mälzerei, Regensburg, Germany
| | - H Lang
- Praxiszentrum Alte Mälzerei, Regensburg, Germany
| | - D L Auer
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - K J Scholz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - P Schuster
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - J J Wenzel
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - K-A Hiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - W Buchalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - J M Gottsauner
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - V Vielsmeier
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - B Schmidt
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - F Cieplik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Beltrán EO, Castellanos JE, Corredor ZL, Morgado W, Zarta OL, Cortés A, Avila V, Martignon S. Tracing ΦX174 bacteriophage spreading during aerosol-generating procedures in a dental clinic. Clin Oral Investig 2023:10.1007/s00784-023-04937-z. [PMID: 36933045 PMCID: PMC10024015 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04937-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to test the plausibility of using the ΦX174 bacteriophage as a tracer of viral aerosols spreading in a dental aerosol-generating procedure (AGP) model. METHODS ΦX174 bacteriophage (~ 108 plaque-forming units (PFU)/mL) was added into instrument irrigation reservoirs and aerosolized during class-IV cavity preparations followed by composite fillings on natural upper-anterior teeth (n = 3) in a phantom head. Droplets/aerosols were sampled through a passive approach that consisted of Escherichia coli strain C600 cultures immersed in a LB top agar layer in Petri dishes (PDs) in a double-layer technique. In addition, an active approach consisted of E coli C600 on PDs sets mounted in a six-stage cascade Andersen impactor (AI) (simulating human inhalation). The AI was located at 30 cm from the mannequin during AGP and afterwards at 1.5 m. After collection PDs were incubated overnight (18 h at 37 °C) and bacterial lysis was quantified. RESULTS The passive approach disclosed PFUs mainly concentrated over the dental practitioner, on the mannequin's chest and shoulder and up to 90 cm apart, facing the opposite side of the AGP's source (around the spittoon). The maximum aerosol spreading distance was 1.5 m in front of the mannequin's mouth. The active approach disclosed collection of PFUs corresponding to stages (and aerodynamic diameters) 5 (1.1-2.1 µm) and 6 (0.65-1.1 µm), mimicking access to the lower respiratory airways. CONCLUSION The ΦX174 bacteriophage can be used as a traceable viral surrogate in simulated studies contributing to understand dental bioaerosol's behavior, its spreading, and its potential threat for upper and lower respiratory tract. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The probability to find infectious virus during AGPs is high. This suggests the need to continue characterizing the spreading viral agents in different clinical settings through combination of passive and active approaches. In addition, subsequent identification and implementation of virus-related mitigation strategies is relevant to avoid occupational virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar O Beltrán
- UNICA - Caries Research Unit, Research Department, Universidad El Bosque, Av. Cra 9 No. 131A-02, 110121, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jaime E Castellanos
- Laboratorio de Virología, Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Universidad El Bosque, Av. Cra 9 No. 131A-02, 110121, Bogotá, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas en Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30 No. 45-03, Edificio 210, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Zayda L Corredor
- Bacterial Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Research Department, Universidad El Bosque, Cra 9 No. 131A-02, 110121, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Wendy Morgado
- Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, Universidad de la Costa, Calle 58 No. 55-66, 080002, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Olga L Zarta
- Dental School, Universidad El Bosque, Cra 9 No. 131A-02, 110121, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andrea Cortés
- UNICA - Caries Research Unit, Research Department, Universidad El Bosque, Av. Cra 9 No. 131A-02, 110121, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Viviana Avila
- UNICA - Caries Research Unit, Research Department, Universidad El Bosque, Av. Cra 9 No. 131A-02, 110121, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Stefania Martignon
- UNICA - Caries Research Unit, Research Department, Universidad El Bosque, Av. Cra 9 No. 131A-02, 110121, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Karyadi E, Bouty AAV, Mutalazimah M. Effect of SARS CoV-2 Infection on Periodontal Tissue: A Systematic Review. Open Dent J 2023. [DOI: 10.2174/18742106-v17-230202-2022-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) infection in human respiratory cells. The first spread of this disease first occurred in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and on March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the spread of the infection as a global pandemic. People who are infected experience mild to moderate clinical symptoms which are characterized by an increase in T cell, CD8, and IgM/IgG levels. The occurrence of severe clinical symptoms reflects an excessive and uncontrolled increase in the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which impacts the systemic condition and periodontal tissues of affected patients.
Objective:
The aim of this study is to describe the impact of SARS CoV-2 infection on periodontal tissues.
Methods:
In this study, we searched the NCBI, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Research Gate databases. The keywords used were “coronavirus disease” or “COVID-19” or “SARS-CoV-2” with “oral manifestations” and “periodontal,” and we screened the articles using the PRISMA flow diagram.
Results:
Patients with COVID-19 present with a variety of systemic symptoms, as well as manifestations in the periodontal tissues, especially in the gingival area.
Conclusion:
SARS CoV-2 infection can impact periodontal tissues in the form of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, aphthous stomatitis, gingival hyperpigmentation, edema and erythema, lichen planus, and aphthous-like ulcers.
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Spatiotemporal distribution and control measure evaluation of droplets and aerosol clouds in dental procedures. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2023; 44:514-516. [PMID: 35098911 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2021.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the distributions of dental splatters and the corresponding control measure effects with high-speed videography and laser diffraction. Most of the dental splatters were small droplets (<50 μm). High-volume evacuation combined with a suction air purifier could clear away most of the droplets and aerosols.
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