1
|
Waterman AS, Schwartz SJ, Conti R. Resolving the paradox of work: Generalization of the roles of self-determination, the balance of challenges and skills, and self-realization values in intrinsic motivation across activity domains. THE JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2023.2179936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan S. Waterman
- Department of Psychology, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA
| | - Seth J. Schwartz
- Department of Kinesiology, Health Education, and Educational Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Regina Conti
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ren P, Klausen SH. Smartphone use, intergenerational support and older adults’ wellbeing. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04309-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
3
|
Bellini D, Barbieri B, Barattucci M, Mascia ML, Ramaci T. The Role of a Restorative Resource in the Academic Context in Improving Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation and Flow within the Job Demands-Resources Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192215263. [PMID: 36429977 PMCID: PMC9690201 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The perceived quality of the learning environment may influence both motivation and concentration. Little is known about how perceived characteristics of the learning environment, and specifically sub-dimensions of Perceived Restorativeness (being away, fascination, compatibility, and extent), can promote these positive effects in an academic context. We addressed, through a correlational study, the possibility that the characteristics of learning environments may promote concentration and involvement in activity (i.e., flow) via intrinsic and extrinsic motivation for academic study within the job demands-resources model. A total of 165 Italian university psychology classes in a 3-year degree course from two different universities context completed an online questionnaire made up of the construct considered in this study. Results in the hierarchical multivariate regression analyses confirm that the restorative quality of learning environments (i.e., being away, compatibility, extent) is positively correlated with flow. However, there is a non-significant relationship between extent and flow. Regression analyses show a significant indirect effect of compatibility, both through intrinsic and extrinsic student motivation. Furthermore, the results confirm a significant indirect effect of extent through intrinsic motivation and being away, and fascination through Extrinsic motivation. Furthermore, intrinsic motivation is a full mediator between the extent and flow relationship. The results underline the importance of considering the restorative quality of the environment for improving place design, concentration, and student learning motivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Bellini
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Barbara Barbieri
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Maria Lidia Mascia
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Ramaci
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Narain S, Maheshwari S. Expanding the Self Behind Closed Doors: Exploring the Role of the Lockdown in Self-Realization Among Young Adults. JOURNAL OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT 2022; 29:295-305. [PMID: 35729888 PMCID: PMC9195400 DOI: 10.1007/s10804-022-09413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Self-realization or the path which involves the elaborate process of knowing oneself leads people to a meaningful and fulfilling life. The present study aims to examine how the COVID-19-led lockdown proved to be an opportunity for emerging adults to reflect on and eventually discover their true selves. This study particularly explores the factors that facilitated the self-realization process during the lockdown. An online survey was conducted on 1280 Indian university students. The age of participants ranged between 18 and 29 years. An eight-item scale was developed to measure self-realization during the lockdown, which was thereafter administered along with other study variables. The results showed that factors including family bonding, social comparison, self-image, and a positive orientation toward life help young adults in the process of self-realization. Furthermore, the participants who employed adaptive ways to cope with the COVID-19 stress reported higher levels of self-realization. The present study showed that the interaction of young adults with their significant others, solving their daily problems, and having a positive outlook toward themselves and the future, helped them during the COVID-19 imposed lockdown and led them on the path of self-realization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saurabh Maheshwari
- Department of Psychology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim 737102 India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Joshanloo M. Feelings of personal expressiveness predict future increases in life satisfaction and meaning in life: A four-wave longitudinal study. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
6
|
Obadă DR, Dabija DC. "In Flow"! Why Do Users Share Fake News about Environmentally Friendly Brands on Social Media? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:4861. [PMID: 35457727 PMCID: PMC9032519 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Social media has triggered an increase in fake news spread about different aspects of modern lives, society, politics, societal changes, etc., and has also affected companies' reputation and brands' trust. Therefore, this paper is aimed at investigating why social media users share fake news about environmentally friendly brands. To examine social media users' behavior towards environmentally friendly brands, a theoretical research model proposed and analyzed using structural equations modeling in SmartPLS on a convenience sample consisting of 922 questionnaires. Data was collected by means of a quantitative-based approach via a survey conducted among social media users from an emerging market. The results show that social media flow has a mediated impact on sharing fake news about environmentally friendly brands on social media. Considering the critical consequences of fake news, the paper argues that understanding the dissemination process of this type of bogus content on social media platforms has important theoretical and managerial implications. Understanding the psychological mechanisms that influence people's behavior in sharing fake news about environmentally friendly brands on social networking sites (SNS) could help in better understanding the factors and the effects of this phenomenon. The originality of this research consists of proposing flow theory from positive psychology to be used as a theoretical framework to explain users' behavior of sharing fake news about environmentally friendly brands on social media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel-Rareș Obadă
- Department of Communication Sciences and Public Relations, Faculty of Philosophy and Socio-Political Sciences, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași, 700506 Iași, Romania
| | - Dan-Cristian Dabija
- Department of Marketing, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400591 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mao Y, Peng C, Liang Y, Yuan G, Ma J, Bonaiuto M. The Relationship Between Perceived Residential Environment Quality (PREQ) and Community Identity: Flow and Social Capital as Mediators. SOCIAL INDICATORS RESEARCH 2022; 163:771-797. [PMID: 35431400 PMCID: PMC8994697 DOI: 10.1007/s11205-022-02915-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The wide-spread novel coronavirus disease (Covid-19) has posed severe challenges to people's life especially their life style. Due to the residential confinement contingency, people were restricted in their study, work and leisure within constrained residential community. The physical environment of residential community therefore became the main activity place and it thus played a significant role for facilitating inhabitants' daily activities and influencing community identity. Based on the eudaimonic identity theory, this study explored how the spatial dimensions of perceived residential environment quality (PREQ), activity experience (i.e., flow) and social capital, would impact on urbanities' residential community identity during Covid-19. Results from 508 Chinese residential inhabitants analyzed via structural equation modeling suggested that: a better degree in the spatial dimensions of PREQ would predict a stronger community identity; flow and social capital mediated the relationship between the spatial dimensions of PREQ and the inhabitants' community identity. The implications of such accounts for our understanding of community identity are then discussed, considering the important meaning of the relationships between people and the perceived physical properties of their residential place.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Mao
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Psychological Research and Counseling Center, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031 China
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang Univeisity, Hangzhou, 310028 China
| | - Chuanyu Peng
- School of Public Administration, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031 China
| | - Yan Liang
- School of Public Administration, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031 China
| | - Guoping Yuan
- School of Public Administration, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031 China
| | - Jianhong Ma
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang Univeisity, Hangzhou, 310028 China
| | - Marino Bonaiuto
- CIRPA Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Psicologia Ambientale, Dipartimento di Psicologia dei Processi di Sviluppo e Socializzazione, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Borisenko Y. The Parental Identity Processes among Russian Fathers and Mothers. EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY (RUSSIA) 2022. [DOI: 10.17759/exppsy.2022150312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The relevance of the study of parental identity is determined by the current state of society, as well as a significant social demand for the study of internal determinants of parenthood, stuffing of the psychological and pedagogical context, patterns, dynamic transformations, and developing ways to develop the parental identity.We studied the specifics of parental identity processes among Russian fathers and mothers. We present the results of empirical study obtained on a sample of men and women who are Russian-speaking residents of Russia. The study involved respondents (N=721) aged 25 to 56 years (M=35,4; SD=2,66), of which 44% were female. We used Caregiving and Breadwinning Identity and Reflected Appraisal Inventory (J. Pleck and colleagues), test of statuses and structure of ego-identity (E.L. Soldatova), Dimensions of Identity Development Scale (DIDS) (K. Luyckx and colleagues), Identity Stage Resolution Index (ISRI) (J.E. Cote) and its modification for parental identity, the Utrecht scale for studying identity processes-Parent identity (U-MICS-PI) (modification by K. Piotrowski) and test of life-meaningful orientations (D.A. Leontiev). We hypothesized that there were some differences in the processes and content characteristics of the parental identity of Russian men and women. Fathers were found to appraise higher their identity, breadwinning identity, their maturity, and demonstrate higher scores for identity processes such as exploration in breadth and exploration in depth, reconsideration of commitment and identification with commitment; and lower scores for caregiving identity, parental identity and the processes of commitment making and ruminative exploration. In the factor structure of parental identity, in addition to two factors common to men and women that describe the sense of identity and meaningfulness of life, men also identify factors that characterize the age-related transformations of parenthood and the exploration and commitment for fathering. For the first time, we studied the processes of the parental identity of Russian men and women.
Collapse
|
9
|
Jeon W, Ahn C, Gwon H. Causal Model of Participation, Perceived Enjoyment, and Learning Attitudes in "the 0th Period Physical Education Class" of Middle Schools in South Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147668. [PMID: 34300117 PMCID: PMC8303969 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to establish the basis for the institutional implementation of the 0th period physical education class to promote the health and academic performance of Korean teenagers. To achieve this goal, this study determined the impact of middle school students’ participation in physical activities during the 0th period on perceived enjoyment and learning attitude. To examine the model, 282 questionnaires were collected from middle school students in a metropolitan city in South Korea. The samples were obtained using the convenience sampling method, and correlation analysis and structural equation modeling were performed using SPSS 21.0 and Amos 21.0. The findings are as follows: first, the participation of middle school students in physical activities during the 0th period had a statistically significant effect on perceived enjoyment. Second, perceived enjoyment had no statistically significant effect on learning attitude. Third, participation was shown to have a significant effect on learning attitudes. These findings supported the academic basis for the implementation of the 0th period physical education class for middle school students and application of practical measures to encourage their participation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chanwoo Ahn
- Correspondence: (C.A.); (H.G.); Tel.: +82-10-9104-4703
| | - Heonsu Gwon
- Correspondence: (C.A.); (H.G.); Tel.: +82-10-9104-4703
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Portable rotating grating stimulation for anisometropic amblyopia with 6 months training. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11430. [PMID: 34075118 PMCID: PMC8169940 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90936-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of grating stimulation has been used in amblyopia for decades, but high dropout rate and inconvenience for daily practice occur in previous studies. We developed a home-based portable system with rotating grating stimulation on a tablet. Thirty anisometropic amblyopic children were randomly allocated into the control or Grating group. They drew contour of the picture under patch of a better eye for 6 months. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), grating acuity (GA), and contrast sensitivity (CS) were assessed at the baseline, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 6th months of training. All participants completed the 6-month training. Patched eyes of both groups exhibited no difference. Trained eyes of the control group had significantly slight improvement in BCVA and GA. In particular, the Grating group exhibited significantly higher BCVA, GA, and CS compared with those of the control group at the 3rd and 6th months of training. Moreover, percentage of the Grating group with great improvement (BCVA ≥ 0.3 or CS ≥ 0.3) was significantly larger than those of the control group at the 3rd or 6th months of training. The portable grating stimulation system demonstrates its trainability by no dropout and effectiveness by significant improvements in all assessments through a well experimental design. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04213066, registered 30/12/2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04213066.
Collapse
|
11
|
Güler O, Haseki Mİ. Positive Psychological Impacts of Cooking During the COVID-19 Lockdown Period: A Qualitative Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:635957. [PMID: 33815223 PMCID: PMC8012501 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.635957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the positive psychological effects of culinary experiences during the COVID-19 lockdown days. Qualitative research methods adopted to provide a deeper understanding. Data was collected through a structured online survey from 30 participants in Turkey. This occurred between April 10th and June 3rd, 2020 when the strict confinement measures were applied. Content analysis was deductively applied according to the Stebbins's Theory of Casual vs. Serious Leisure which classifies the well-being according to characteristics of leisure experiences. The results revealed that at the first stage people went into the kitchen with the motivation of pure happiness and relaxation indicating hedonic well-being. However, people who intended to spend time with culinary activities with the expectations of pure happiness left the kitchen with eudaimonic outcomes by gaining special skills and knowledge, self-actualization and self-enrichment. When these outcomes are evaluated based on the Stebbins's theoretical framework, culinary activities have both casual and serious leisure experience characteristics in terms of psychological well-being. It is understood that culinary activities have versatile leisure characteristics. Thanks to the culinary activities, people do not only obtain pure happiness and relaxation but can draw wider inferences about their life by realizing their own potential during the psychologically challenging COVID-19 lockdown days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Güler
- Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, Faculty of Tourism, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Murat İsmet Haseki
- Department of Business Administration, Kozan Faculty of Business Administration, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Revisiting the Happy-Productive Worker Thesis from a Eudaimonic Perspective: A Systematic Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13063174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The happy-productive worker thesis (HPWT) is considered the Holy Grail of management research, and it proposes caeteris paribus, happy workers show higher performance than their unhappy counterparts. However, eudaimonic well-being in the relationship between happiness and performance has been understudied. This paper provides a systematized review of empirical evidence in order to make a theoretical contribution to the happy-productive worker thesis from a eudaimonic perspective. Our review covers 105 quantitative studies and 188 relationships between eudaimonic well-being and performance. Results reveal that analyzing the eudaimonic facet of well-being provides general support for the HPWT and a much more comprehensive understanding of how it has been studied. However, some gaps and nuances are identified and discussed, opening up challenging avenues for future empirical research to clarify important questions about the relationship between happiness and performance in organizations.
Collapse
|
13
|
Peng C, Yuan G, Mao Y, Wang X, Ma J, Bonaiuto M. Expanding Social, Psychological, and Physical Indicators of Urbanites' Life Satisfaction toward Residential Community: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:ijerph18010004. [PMID: 33374936 PMCID: PMC7792594 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Attention on, and interest in, life satisfaction has increased worldwide. However, research on life satisfaction focused toward the urban dwellers' residential community is mainly from western countries, and the limited research from China is solely focused on the geriatric population via a narrowly constrained research perspective. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate urbanites' life satisfaction toward their community, combining the psychological (behavioral community engagement, mental state of flow, and cognitive community identity), physical (PREQIs-perceived residential environment quality indicators: e.g., green area), and social perspectives (social capital). The proposed conceptual model was tested on a regionally representative sample of 508 urban community residents in the city of Chengdu, Sichuan province, China. Data were analyzed via a structure equation modelling approach in AMOS software. Findings suggested that all of the psychological, physical and social factors contributed to a prediction of life satisfaction. Specifically, social capital mediated the path from community engagement and flow to life satisfaction, and community identity mediated the path from flow experience and green area to life satisfaction. Additionally, social capital contributed to predict life satisfaction through its influence on community identity. Findings provide suggestions for urban designers and policymakers to focus on creating an urban community equipped with green area, which helps to promote physical activities that are flow-productive, to enhance residents' identification to their residential community and, therefore, increase life satisfaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyu Peng
- School of Public Affairs and Law, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; (C.P.); (G.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Guoping Yuan
- School of Public Affairs and Law, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; (C.P.); (G.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Yanhui Mao
- Psychological Research and Counseling Center, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Public Affairs and Law, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; (C.P.); (G.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Jianhong Ma
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China;
| | - Marino Bonaiuto
- CIRPA—Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Psicologia Ambientale, Dipartimento di Psicologia dei Processi di Sviluppo e Socializzazione, Sapienza Universitá di Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Can Flow Alleviate Anxiety? The Roles of Academic Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem in Building Psychological Sustainability and Resilience. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12072987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of studies suggest that flow experience is associated with life satisfaction, eudaimonic well-being, and the perceived strength of one’s social and place identity. However, little research has placed emphasis on flow and its relations with negative experiences such as anxiety. The current study investigated the relations between flow and anxiety by considering the roles of self-esteem and academic self-efficacy. The study sample included 590 Chinese university students, who were asked to complete a self-report questionnaire on flow, anxiety, self-esteem, and academic self-efficacy. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with AMOS software, in which both factorial analysis and path analysis were performed. Results revealed that the experience of flow negatively predicted anxiety, and both self-esteem and academic self-efficacy fully mediated the path between flow and anxiety. Specifically, self-esteem played a crucial and complete mediating role in this relationship, while academic self-efficacy mediated the path between self-esteem and anxiety. Our findings enrich the literature on flow experience and help with identifying practical considerations for buffering anxiety and more broadly with fostering strategies for promoting psychological sustainability and resilience.
Collapse
|
15
|
Abuhamdeh S. Investigating the "Flow" Experience: Key Conceptual and Operational Issues. Front Psychol 2020; 11:158. [PMID: 32116954 PMCID: PMC7033418 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The “flow” experience (Csikszentmihalyi, 1975) has been the focus of a large body of empirical work spanning more than four decades. Nevertheless, advancement in understanding – beyond what Csikszentmihalyi uncovered during his initial breakthrough in 1975 – has been modest. In this conceptual analysis, it is argued that progress within the field has been impeded by a lack of consistency in how flow is operationalized, and that this inconsistency in part reflects an underlying confusion regarding what flow is. Flow operationalizations from papers published within the past 5 years are reviewed. Across the 42 reviewed studies, flow was operationalized in 24 distinct ways. Three specific points of inconsistency are then highlighted: (1) inconsistences in operationalizing flow as a continuous versus discrete construct, (2) inconsistencies in operationalizing flow as inherently enjoyable (i.e., “autotelic”) or not, and (3) inconsistencies in operationalizing flow as dependent on versus distinct from the task characteristics proposed to elicit it (i.e., the conditions/antecedents). After tracing the origins of these discrepancies, the author argues that, in the interest of conceptual intelligibility, flow should be conceptualized and operationalized exclusively as a discrete, highly enjoyable, “optimal” state of consciousness, and that this state should be clearly distinguished from the conditions proposed to elicit it. He suggests that more mundane instances of goal-directed engagement are better conceived and operationalized as variations in task involvement rather than variations in flow. Additional ways to achieve greater conceptual and operational consistency within the field are suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sami Abuhamdeh
- Department of Psychology, Istanbul Şehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cobb, Lilienfeld, Schwartz, Frisby, Sanders. Rethinking Multiculturalism: Toward a Balanced Approach. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.5406/amerjpsyc.133.3.0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
17
|
Alrawadieh Z, Prayag G, Alrawadieh Z, Alsalameen M. Self-identification with a heritage tourism site, visitors’ engagement and destination loyalty: the mediating effects of overall satisfaction. SERVICE INDUSTRIES JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02642069.2018.1564284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Alrawadieh
- School of Archaeology and Tourism, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Girish Prayag
- UC Business School, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Zaid Alrawadieh
- Vocational School of Social Science, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Motasem Alsalameen
- Budapest Business School, University of Applied Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Drengner J, Jahn S, Furchheim P. Flow revisited: process conceptualization and a novel application to service contexts. JOURNAL OF SERVICE MANAGEMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1108/josm-12-2016-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Flow is an important yet under-utilized concept to examine extraordinary experiences in service encounters. An extensive review of extant literature revealed several conceptual concerns that have contributed to a blurred understanding of flow. The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptualization of flow that is complete yet parsimonious.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper includes a survey (Study 1, N=202) that covers gaming and online services and a field study (Study 2, N=448) covering a festival context. Structural equation modeling and regression-based mediation analysis are used to analyze the data.
Findings
Flow can meaningfully be conceptualized as the process from engrossment to enjoyment. Engrossment comprises loss of self-consciousness, transformation of time, concentration on the task at hand, and action-awareness merging. In service encounters with high achievement content (e.g. gaming or sports), challenge-skill balance, clear goals, unambiguous and immediate feedback, and sense of control serve as antecedents of engrossment. Yet flow also appears in service contexts without achievement content (i.e. where consumers have less control over the outcomes of their performance, such as when listening to music). Across service contexts, the enjoyment and engrossment (directly or indirectly) impact service loyalty.
Practical implications
In terms of improving loyalty or training outcomes service providers should have a clear interest in providing the utmost potential for creating flow experiences during the service encounter. Hedonic offers that allow engrossing in the activity seem particularly effective in this regard.
Originality/value
This paper offers a clear theoretical and empirical distinction of formerly treated facets of flow. It further contributes to extant literature by providing a revised conceptualization that regards flow as the process from engrossment to enjoyment. The revised conceptualization is void of unnecessary dimensions and can be applied and compared across various research contexts, including hedonic, nonachievement services. Moreover, the paper indicates that research streams on flow and immersion might be linked more closely.
Collapse
|
19
|
Fadda D, Scalas LF, Meleddu M, Morin AJ. A bifactor-ESEM representation of the Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Wellbeing. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
20
|
Bonaiuto M, Mao Y, Roberts S, Psalti A, Ariccio S, Ganucci Cancellieri U, Csikszentmihalyi M. Optimal Experience and Personal Growth: Flow and the Consolidation of Place Identity. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1654. [PMID: 27872600 PMCID: PMC5097910 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between flow experience and place identity, based on eudaimonistic identity theory (EIT) which prioritizes self-defining activities as important for an individual’s identification of his/her goals, values, beliefs, and interests corresponding to one’s own identity development or enhancement. This study focuses on place identity, the identity’s features relating to a person’s relation with her/his place. The study is also based on flow theory, according to which some salient features of an activity experience are important for happiness and well-being. Questionnaire surveys on Italian and Greek residents focused on their perceived flow and place identity in relation to their own specific local place experiences. The overall findings revealed that flow experience occurring in one’s own preferred place is widely reported as resulting from a range of self-defining activities, irrespective of gender or age, and it is positively and significantly associated with one’s own place identity. Such findings provide the first quantitative evidence about the link between flow experienced during meaningfully located self-defining activities and identity experienced at the place level, similarly to the corresponding personal and social levels that had been previously already empirically tested. Results are also discussed in terms of their implications for EIT’s understanding and enrichment, especially by its generalization from the traditional, personal identity level up to that of place identity. More generally, this study has implications for maintaining or enhancing one’s own place identity, and therefore people–place relations, by means of facilitating a person’s flow experience within psychologically meaningful places.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marino Bonaiuto
- Dipartimento di Psicologia dei Processi di Sviluppo e Socializzazione, Sapienza Università di RomaRoma, Italy; Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Psicologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di RomaRoma, Italy
| | - Yanhui Mao
- School of Economics and Management, Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu, China
| | - Scott Roberts
- Department of Psychology, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont CA, USA
| | - Anastasia Psalti
- Department of Early Childhood Education, Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Silvia Ariccio
- Dipartimento di Psicologia dei Processi di Sviluppo e Socializzazione, Sapienza Università di Roma Roma, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Swarna Nantha Y. Intrinsic motivation: the case for healthcare systems in Malaysia and globally. HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/13678868.2016.1235338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
22
|
Schwartz SJ, Kurtines WM, Montgomery MJ. A Comparison of Two Approaches for Facilitating Identity Exploration Processes in Emerging Adults. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0743558404273119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This article, using a controlled design, reports the results of an exploratory study to investigate the impact of two types of intervention strategies (cognitively vs. emotionally focused) on two types of identity processes (self-construction and self-discovery) in a culturally diverse sample of 90 emerging adult university students. A quasi experimental design was used to evaluate the relative impact of the cognitively focused self-construction and emotionally focused self-discovery strategies. Quantitative and qualitative results indicated that cognitively focused intervention strategies were most efficacious in affecting self-constructive identity processes, whereas emotionally focused intervention strategies were most efficacious in affecting self-discovery identity processes. This pattern of differential effects suggests that programs intended to broadly affect identity development should include both types of intervention strategies and should target both self-constructive and self-discovery processes.
Collapse
|
23
|
Kim J, Seto E, Christy AG, Hicks JA. Investing in the real me: Preference for experiential to material purchases driven by the motivation to search for true self-knowledge. SELF AND IDENTITY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2016.1208623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
24
|
Coatsworth JD, Sharp EH, Palen LA, Darling N, Cumsille P, Marta E. Exploring adolescent self-defining leisure activities and identity experiences across three countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/01650250500166972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The developmental processes of identity exploration and formation in adolescence often take place within the context of leisure activities. The discovery model of identity formation proposes that these processes are reflected in part by adolescents' subjective identity-related experiences including personal expressiveness, flow, and goal-directed behaviour (Waterman, 1990, 1993). This model, however, has not been tested with cross-national samples. The purpose of this study was to examine the applicability of this general model of identity-related experiences within self-defining activities for a sample of 493 adolescents from the United States, Chile, and Italy. Confirmatory analyses of a three-factor model showed strong invariance across countries. Findings indicated that most adolescents reported high levels of identity experiences within self-defining activities. Results from Multivariate Analyses of Variance indicated considerable commonalities and a few significant differences in these experiences across the three countries and across five broad activity classes. Findings are discussed in the context of the growing literature on adolescent activity involvement and the relation of activities to identity exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Elena Marta
- Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mao Y, Roberts S, Pagliaro S, Csikszentmihalyi M, Bonaiuto M. Optimal Experience and Optimal Identity: A Multinational Study of the Associations Between Flow and Social Identity. Front Psychol 2016; 7:67. [PMID: 26924995 PMCID: PMC4760053 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Eudaimonistic identity theory posits a link between activity and identity, where a self-defining activity promotes the strength of a person’s identity. An activity engaged in with high enjoyment, full involvement, and high concentration can facilitate the subjective experience of flow. In the present paper, we hypothesized in accordance with the theory of psychological selection that beyond the promotion of individual development and complexity at the personal level, the relationship between flow and identity at the social level is also positive through participation in self-defining activities. Three different samples (i.e., American, Chinese, and Spanish) filled in measures for flow and social identity, with reference to four previously self-reported activities, characterized by four different combinations of skills (low vs. high) and challenges (low vs. high). Findings indicated that flow was positively associated with social identity across each of the above samples, regardless of participants’ gender and age. The results have implications for increasing social identity via participation in self-defining group activities that could facilitate flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Mao
- Department of Psychology of Developmental and Socialization Process, Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Scott Roberts
- Department of Psychology, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont CA, USA
| | - Stefano Pagliaro
- Department of Psychology, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli Caserta, Italy
| | | | - Marino Bonaiuto
- Department of Psychology of Developmental and Socialization Process, Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gaitan-Sierra C, Dempster M. Choosing to engage and choosing to persist: The role of non-specific factors in health-promoting activities. Br J Health Psychol 2016; 21:515-32. [DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
27
|
Cake MA, Bell MA, Bickley N, Bartram DJ. The Life of Meaning: A Model of the Positive Contributions to Well-Being from Veterinary Work. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION 2015; 42:184-193. [PMID: 26075621 DOI: 10.3138/jvme.1014-097r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a veterinary model of work-derived well-being, and argue that educators should not only present a (potentially self-fulfilling) stress management model of future wellness, but also balance this with a positive psychology-based approach depicting a veterinary career as a richly generative source of satisfaction and fulfillment. A review of known sources of satisfaction for veterinarians finds them to be based mostly in meaningful purpose, relationships, and personal growth. This positions veterinary well-being within the tradition of eudaimonia, an ancient concept of achieving one's best possible self, and a term increasingly employed to describe well-being derived from living a life that is engaging, meaningful, and deeply fulfilling. The theory of eudaimonia for workplace well-being should inform development of personal resources that foster resilience in undergraduate and graduate veterinarians.
Collapse
|
28
|
Die Auswirkung von autonomieförderndem Lehrerverhalten im Biologieunterricht mit lebenden Tieren. Naturwissenschaften 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40573-014-0022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
29
|
Fong CJ, Zaleski DJ, Leach JK. The challenge–skill balance and antecedents of flow: A meta-analytic investigation. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2014.967799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
30
|
Gaitan-Sierra C, Hyland ME. Common Factor Mechanisms in Clinical Practice and Their Relationship with Outcome. Clin Psychol Psychother 2014; 22:258-66. [PMID: 24634051 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.1894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
31
|
Lambert J, Chapman J, Lurie D. Challenges to the four-channel model of flow: Primary assumption of flow support the moderate challenging control channel. THE JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2013.809138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
32
|
Nantha YS. Intrinsic motivation: how can it play a pivotal role in changing clinician behaviour? J Health Organ Manag 2013; 27:266-72. [PMID: 23802402 DOI: 10.1108/14777261311321815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the light of an increasing healthcare burden, this paper seeks to offer insight about how intrinsic motivation could play a pivotal role in improving the pre-existing healthcare service delivery systems by altering clinician behaviour. The paper argues the case for four salient dimensions worth exploring through the lens of intrinsic motivation--non-financial incentives, positive affective states, organizational culture and prescribing quality. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH This article reviews literature from both social sciences and health management practices to provide rationale on how intrinsic motivational approaches could optimize healthcare service delivery systems. FINDINGS The scrutiny of the body of evidence leads to the assertion that there is neglect in the initiatives to reinforce intrinsic motivation as a method to address the ailing morale of doctors. This seems to have exacerbated negative outcomes that include job dissatisfaction, compromise in the quality of care and poor patient-doctor relationships. Diminution in positive affective states amongst doctors, largely controlled by intrinsic motivation, led to strained doctor-patient communication and poor quality of care. Barriers in a healthcare organizational culture that restricts autonomy and empowerment seem to directly undermine job satisfaction. ORIGINALITY/VALUE The article argues that it is crucial to shift away from the conventional tendencies promoting tangible rewards. A more holistic approach should be adopted by conducting formal research into intrinsic motivation and how it could aid the formulation of policies tailored to meet the current demands of the healthcare system.
Collapse
|
33
|
Gaitan-Sierra C, Hyland ME. Mood enhancement in health-promoting non-aerobic exercise: the role of non-specific mechanisms. J Health Psychol 2013; 19:918-30. [PMID: 23584508 DOI: 10.1177/1359105313482163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eighty participants took part in a 5-day intervention Qi Gong study to enhance well-being and were randomised to either positive or body focus and either high or low hand position. The high hand position improved negative affect and was reported more intrinsically motivating but was unrelated to perceived effort. Positive focus produced better positive affect. For all groups combined, intrinsic motivation and effort predicted all three outcomes. The association between expectancy and perceived benefit was mediated via intrinsic motivation and perceived effort. Results support motivational concordance and positive focus as mechanisms of benefit but not response expectancy.
Collapse
|
34
|
Schwartz SJ, Waterman AS, Umaña-Taylor AJ, Lee RM, Kim SY, Vazsonyi AT, Huynh QL, Whitbourne SK, Park IJK, Hudson M, Zamboanga BL, Bersamin MM, Williams MK. Acculturation and well-being among college students from immigrant families. J Clin Psychol 2013; 69:298-318. [PMID: 23907749 PMCID: PMC7871524 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.21847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to ascertain the associations between acculturation and well-being in first-generation and second-generation immigrant college students. Acculturation was operationalized as a multidimensional construct comprised of heritage and American cultural practices, values (individualism and collectivism), and identifications, and well-being was operationalized in terms of subjective, psychological, and eudaimonic components. METHOD Participants were 2,774 first-generation and second-generation immigrant students (70% women), from 6 ethnic groups and from 30 colleges and universities around the United States. Participants completed measures of heritage and American cultural practices, values, and identifications, as well as of subjective, psychological, and eudaimonic well-being. RESULTS Findings indicated that individualistic values were positively related to psychological and eudaimonic well-being, and positively, although somewhat less strongly, linked with subjective well-being. American and heritage identifications were both modestly related to psychological and eudaimonic well-being. These findings were consistent across gender, immigrant generation (first versus second), and ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS Psychological and eudaimonic well-being appear to be inherently individualistic conceptions of happiness, and endorsement of individualistic values appears linked with these forms of well-being. Attachments to a cultural group-the United States, one's country of origin, or both-appear to promote psychological and eudaimonic well-being as well. The present findings suggest that similar strategies can be used to promote well-being for both male and female students, for students from various ethnic backgrounds, and for both first-generation and second-generation immigrant students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seth J Schwartz
- Center for Family Studies, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, UA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Schwartz SJ, Waterman AS, Umaña-Taylor AJ, Lee RM, Kim SY, Vazsonyi AT, Huynh QL, Whitbourne SK, Park IJK, Hudson M, Zamboanga BL, Bersamin MM, Williams MK. Acculturation and Well-Being Among College Students From Immigrant Families. J Clin Psychol 2012:n/a-n/a. [PMID: 22549290 DOI: 10.1002/jclp21847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The present study was designed to ascertain the associations between acculturation and well-being in first-generation and second-generation immigrant college students. Acculturation was operationalized as a multidimensional construct comprised of heritage and American cultural practices, values (individualism and collectivism), and identifications, and well-being was operationalized in terms of subjective, psychological, and eudaimonic components. METHOD: Participants were 2,774 first-generation and second-generation immigrant students (70% women), from 6 ethnic groups and from 30 colleges and universities around the United States. Participants completed measures of heritage and American cultural practices, values, and identifications, as well as of subjective, psychological, and eudaimonic well-being. RESULTS: Findings indicated that individualistic values were positively related to psychological and eudaimonic well-being, and positively, although somewhat less strongly, linked with subjective well-being. American and heritage identifications were both modestly related to psychological and eudaimonic well-being. These findings were consistent across gender, immigrant generation (first versus second), and ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological and eudaimonic well-being appear to be inherently individualistic conceptions of happiness, and endorsement of individualistic values appears linked with these forms of well-being. Attachments to a cultural group-the United States, one's country of origin, or both-appear to promote psychological and eudaimonic well-being as well. The present findings suggest that similar strategies can be used to promote well-being for both male and female students, for students from various ethnic backgrounds, and for both first-generation and second-generation immigrant students. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Clin. Psychol. 00:1-21, 2012.
Collapse
|
36
|
Sharp EH, Coatsworth JD. Adolescent Future Orientation: The Role of Identity Discovery in Self-Defining Activities and Context in Two Rural Samples. IDENTITY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORY AND RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/15283488.2012.668731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
37
|
|
38
|
Waterman AS, Schwartz SJ, Zamboanga BL, Ravert RD, Williams MK, Agocha VB, Kim SY, Donnellan MB. The Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well-Being: Psychometric properties, demographic comparisons, and evidence of validity. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2010; 5:41-61. [PMID: 34326891 DOI: 10.1080/17439760903435208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well-Being (QEWB) was developed to measure well-being in a manner consistent with how it is conceptualized in eudaimonist philosophy. Aspects of eudaimonic well-being assessed by the QEWB include self-discovery, perceived development of one's best potentials, a sense of purpose and meaning in life, intense involvement in activities, investment of significant effort, and enjoyment of activities as personally expressive. The QEWB was administered to two large, ethnically diverse samples of college students drawn from multiple sites across the United States. A three-part evaluation of the instrument was conducted: (1) evaluating psychometric properties, (2) comparing QEWB scores across gender, age, ethnicity, family income, and family structure, and (3) assessing the convergent, discriminant, construct, and incremental validity of the QEWB. Six hypotheses relating QEWB scores to identity formation, personality traits, and positive and negative psychological functioning were evaluated. The internal consistency of the scale was high and results of independent CFAs indicated that the QEWB items patterned onto a common factor. The distribution of scores approximated a normal curve. Demographic variables were found to predict only small proportions of QEWB score variability. Support for the hypotheses tested provides evidence for the validity of the QEWB as an instrument for assessing eudaimonic well-being. Implications for theory and future research directions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan S Waterman
- Department of Psychology, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, USA
| | - Seth J Schwartz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Family Studies, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, USA
| | - Byron L Zamboanga
- Department of Psychology, Clark Science Center, Smith College, Northampton, USA
| | - Russell D Ravert
- Human Development and Family Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | | | - V Bede Agocha
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
| | - Su Yeong Kim
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas-Austin, USA
| | - M Brent Donnellan
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Caldwell LL, Patrick ME, Smith EA, Palen LA, Wegner L. Influencing Adolescent Leisure Motivation: Intervention Effects of HealthWise South Africa. JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH 2010; 42:203-220. [PMID: 25429164 PMCID: PMC4241774 DOI: 10.1080/00222216.2010.11950202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates changes in self-reported motivation for leisure due to participation in HealthWise, a high school curriculum aimed at decreasing risk behavior and promoting health behavior. Participants were 2,193 mixed race adolescents (M = 14 years old) from 9 schools (4 intervention, 5 control) near Cape Town, South Africa. Students in the HealthWise school with the greatest involvement in teacher training and implementation fidelity reported increased intrinsic and identified motivation and decreased introjected motivation and amotivation compared to students in control schools. These results point to the potential for intervention programming to influence leisure motivation among adolescents in South Africa and represent a first step toward identifying leisure motivation as a mediator of program effects.
Collapse
|
40
|
Archer T, Adolfsson B, Karlsson E. Affective personality as cognitive-emotional presymptom profiles regulatory for self-reported health predispositions. Neurotox Res 2009; 14:21-44. [PMID: 18790723 DOI: 10.1007/bf03033573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Three studies that examined the links between affective personality, as constructed from responses to the Positive Affect (PA) and Negative Affect (NA) Scale (PANAS), and individuals' self-report of self-esteem, intrinsic motivation and Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) depression in high school students and persons in working occupations are described. Self-report estimations of several other neuropsychiatric and psychosocial variables including, the Uppsala Sleep Inventory (USI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) test, Dispositional optimism, Locus of control, the Subjective Stress Experience test (SSE) and the Stress-Energy (SE) test, were also derived. Marked effects due to affective personality type upon somatic and psychological stress, anxiety and depression, self-esteem, internal and external locus of control, optimism, stress and energy, intrinsic motivation, external regulation, identified regulation, major sleep problems, problems falling asleep, and psychophysiological problems were observed; levels of self-esteem, self-motivation and BDI-depression all produced substantial effects on health and well-being. Regression analyses indicated PA was predicted by dispositional optimism (thrice), energy (thrice), and intrinsic motivation, and counter predicted by depression (twice) and stress (twice); and NA by anxiety (twice), stress (twice), psychological stress, identified regulation, BDI depression and psychophysiological problems, and counter predicted by internal locus of control and self-esteem. BDI-depression was predicted by negative affect, major sleep problems and psychophysiological problems (Study III), self-esteem by dispositional optimism and energy, and counter predicted by anxiety, depression and stress (Study I), and intrinsic motivation by dispositional optimism, energy, PA and self-esteem (Study II). These convergent findings are interpreted from a perspective of the cognitive-emotional expressions underlying behavioural or presymptomatic profiles presenting predispositions for health or ill health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of Göteborg, Box 500, SE-430 50 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Waterman AS. Reconsidering happiness: a eudaimonist's perspective. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760802303002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
42
|
Schwartz SJ. The Structure of Identity Consolidation: Multiple Correlated Constructs or One Superordinate Construct? IDENTITY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORY AND RESEARCH 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/15283480701319583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
43
|
Schwartz SJ, Pantin H, Coatsworth JD, Szapocznik J. Addressing the Challenges and Opportunities for Today's Youth: Toward an Integrative Model and its Implications for Research and Intervention. J Prim Prev 2007; 28:117-44. [PMID: 17333381 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-007-0084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2006] [Accepted: 01/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This article calls for, and proposes some tenets of, model building in adolescent psychosocial development. Specifically, it is suggested that there is a need for a model that draws from the risk-protection approach, from which many prevention science approaches are drawn, and the applied developmental science perspective, from which many positive youth development approaches are drawn. The model to be built, and the integration it proposes, is based in the overlap between protective factors and developmental assets (drawn from the applied developmental science and positive youth development perspectives), as well as on the complementarity of the intrapersonal mechanisms proposed within the two perspectives. The article also poses important questions for future research and presents an empirical agenda for addressing these questions in the service of building and testing a model of adolescent psychosocial development and of integrating the prevention and positive youth development approaches to intervention and policy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seth J Schwartz
- Center for Family Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Leonard M Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Schwartz SJ, Waterman AS. Changing interests: A longitudinal study of intrinsic motivation for personally salient activities. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2005.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
45
|
Coatsworth JD, Palen LA, Sharp EH, Ferrer-Wreder L. Self-Defining Activities, Expressive Identity, and Adolescent Wellness. APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE 2006. [DOI: 10.1207/s1532480xads1003_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
46
|
Luyckx K, Goossens L, Soenens B, Beyers W. Unpacking commitment and exploration: Preliminary validation of an integrative model of late adolescent identity formation. J Adolesc 2006; 29:361-78. [PMID: 15878619 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2003] [Revised: 01/17/2005] [Accepted: 03/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A model of identity formation comprising four structural dimensions (Commitment Making, Identification with Commitment, Exploration in Depth, and Exploration in Breadth) was developed through confirmatory factor analysis. In a sample of 565 emerging adults, this model provided a better fit than did alternative two- and three-dimensional models, thereby validating the unpacking of both exploration and commitment. Regression analyses indicated that Commitment Making was significantly related to family context in accordance with hypotheses. Identification with Commitment and both exploration dimensions were significantly related to adjustment and family context, again in accordance with hypotheses. Identification with Commitment was positively related to positive adjustment indicators and negatively to depressive symptoms, whereas Exploration in Breadth was positively related to depressive symptoms and substance use. Exploration in Depth, on the other hand, was positively related to academic adjustment and negatively to substance use. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koen Luyckx
- Department of Psychology, K.U. Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, B-3000 Belgium.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Schwartz SJ. Predicting identity consolidation from self-construction, eudaimonistic self-discovery, and agentic personality. J Adolesc 2006; 29:777-93. [PMID: 16426674 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2005] [Revised: 11/03/2005] [Accepted: 11/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to ascertain the extent to which three alternative perspectives on identity development (self-construction, eudaimonistic self-discovery, and agentic personality) relate to various indices of identity consolidation drawn from Erikson, identity status, and identity capital. A total of 183 participants (21% males; 78% ethnic minorities) completed measures drawn from Eriksonian, identity status, self-construction, eudaimonistic self-discovery, and identity capital perspectives. Self-construction, eudaimonistic self-discovery, and agentic personality (as operationalized within the identity capital model) each showed differential patterns of relationships to measures of identity consolidation, suggesting that all three strategies can be used to develop a sense of identity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seth J Schwartz
- Center for Family Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
When Effort Is Enjoyed: Two Studies of Intrinsic Motivation for Personally Salient Activities. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-005-9440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
49
|
Waterman AS. Finding Someone to Be: Studies on the Role of Intrinsic Motivation in Identity Formation. IDENTITY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORY AND RESEARCH 2004. [DOI: 10.1207/s1532706xid0403_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|