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Huniadi M, Nosálová N, Almášiová V, Horňáková Ľ, Valenčáková A, Hudáková N, Cizkova D. Three-Dimensional Cultivation a Valuable Tool for Modelling Canine Mammary Gland Tumour Behaviour In Vitro. Cells 2024; 13:695. [PMID: 38667310 PMCID: PMC11049302 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell cultivation has been one of the most popular methods in research for decades. Currently, scientists routinely use two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures of commercially available cell lines and primary cultures to study cellular behaviour, responses to stimuli, and interactions with their environment in a controlled laboratory setting. In recent years, 3D cultivation has gained more attention in modern biomedical research, mainly due to its numerous advantages compared to 2D cultures. One of the main goals where 3D culture models are used is the investigation of tumour diseases, in both animals and humans. The ability to simulate the tumour microenvironment and design 3D masses allows us to monitor all the processes that take place in tumour tissue created not only from cell lines but directly from the patient's tumour cells. One of the tumour types for which 3D culture methods are often used in research is the canine mammary gland tumour (CMT). The clinically similar profile of the CMT and breast tumours in humans makes the CMT a suitable model for studying the issue not only in animals but also in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykhailo Huniadi
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.H.); (N.N.); (Ľ.H.); (A.V.); (N.H.)
| | - Natália Nosálová
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.H.); (N.N.); (Ľ.H.); (A.V.); (N.H.)
| | - Viera Almášiová
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Ľubica Horňáková
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.H.); (N.N.); (Ľ.H.); (A.V.); (N.H.)
| | - Alexandra Valenčáková
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.H.); (N.N.); (Ľ.H.); (A.V.); (N.H.)
| | - Nikola Hudáková
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.H.); (N.N.); (Ľ.H.); (A.V.); (N.H.)
| | - Dasa Cizkova
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.H.); (N.N.); (Ľ.H.); (A.V.); (N.H.)
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2
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Rueda JR, Porto CD, Franco RP, da Costa IB, Bueno LMC, Girio RJS, Manhoso FFR, Bueno PCDS, Repetti CSF. Mammary neoplasms in female dogs: Clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. VET MED-CZECH 2024; 69:99-114. [PMID: 38751991 PMCID: PMC11093647 DOI: 10.17221/4/2024-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
With the increase in the life expectancy of domestic animals and their increasingly affectionate relationship with their owners, it is possible to observe an increase in cases of neoplasms in these animals. Mammary neoplasia mainly affects older females who have not been castrated, due to hormonal dependence for the development of the tumour. The main form of treatment is surgery. This study aims to carry out an updated review on mammary neoplasms in female dogs covering the anatomy, physiology, prevalence, causes, diagnoses, treatments, prevention and prognosis, based on scientific articles by renowned researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina Reato Rueda
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Marilia – UNIMAR, Marilia/SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Dias Porto
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Marilia – UNIMAR, Marilia/SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Raul Jose Silva Girio
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Marilia – UNIMAR, Marilia/SP, Brazil
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3
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Pichardo MS, Sanft T, Ferrucci LM, Romero-Ramos YM, Cartmel B, Harrigan M, Velazquez AI, Fayanju OM, Winer EP, Irwin ML. Diet and physical activity interventions in Black and Latina women with breast cancer: A scoping review. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1079293. [PMID: 36994212 PMCID: PMC10040823 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1079293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundA growing number of lifestyle interventions are being developed to promote weight loss and adoption of a healthful lifestyles among breast cancer survivors; yet Black and Latina women remain underrepresented.PurposeWe performed a scoping review of the available peer-reviewed literature to describe and compare the content, design, methods, and primary outcomes of current diet and/or physical activity (PA) interventions after a breast cancer diagnosis among Black and Latina women.MethodsWe queried PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Clinicaltrials.gov up to October 1, 2022, to identify all randomized controlled trials of diet and/or PA after diagnosis of breast cancer with a majority (>50%) of Black or Latina participants.ResultsTwenty-two randomized controlled trials were included in this review (five efficacy, twelve pilot, five on-going). Nine trials were among Latinas (two diet, four PA, and three diet/PA), six among Blacks (one PA and five diet/PA) and seven included both populations (five PA and two diet/PA), all of which examined different endpoints. Two of the five efficacy studies achieved their a priori outcome (one diet trial improved short term dietary intake; one PA trial achieved clinically significant improvements in metabolic syndrome score), both in Latinas. Eight pilot trials intervened on both diet and PA and three of them found favorable behavioral changes. Three (two for Latinas and one for Blacks) out of the nine diet and PA trials and three (all for Latinas) efficacy trials incorporated a culturally focused approach (i.e., traditional foods, music, Spanish content, bicultural health coaches, spirituality). Overall, four trials, including one efficacy trial, had one-year follow-up data, with three finding sustained behavior change. Electronic/mobile components were incorporated in five trials and one involved informal care givers. Most of the trials were geographically limited to the Northeast USA (n=8, NY, NC, DC, NJ) and Texas (n=4).ConclusionsMost of the trials we identified were pilot or feasibility studies and of short duration, demonstrating the need for large randomized controlled efficacy lifestyle interventions among Black and Latina breast cancer survivors. Culturally tailored programing was limited but is an important component to incorporate in future trials in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret S. Pichardo
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Margaret S. Pichardo,
| | - Tara Sanft
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, United States
- Deparment of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Leah M. Ferrucci
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, United States
| | | | - Brenda Cartmel
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, United States
| | | | - Ana I. Velazquez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Eric P. Winer
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, United States
- Deparment of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Melinda L. Irwin
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, United States
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4
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Marchi PH, Vendramini THA, Perini MP, Zafalon RVA, Amaral AR, Ochamotto VA, Da Silveira JC, Dagli MLZ, Brunetto MA. Obesity, inflammation, and cancer in dogs: Review and perspectives. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1004122. [PMID: 36262532 PMCID: PMC9573962 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1004122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the most common nutritional disease in dogs, and its prevalence has increased in recent decades. Several countries have demonstrated a prevalence of obesity in dogs similar to that observed in humans. Chronic low-grade inflammation is a prominent basis used to explain how obesity results in numerous negative health consequences. This is well known and understood, and recent studies have pointed to the association between obesity and predisposition to specific types of cancers and their complications. Such elucidations are important because, like obesity, the prevalence of cancer in dogs has increased in recent decades, establishing cancer as a significant cause of death for these animals. In the same way, intensive advances in technology in the field of human and veterinary medicine (which even proposes the use of animal models) have optimized existing therapeutic methods, led to the development of innovative treatments, and shortened the time to diagnosis of cancer. Despite the great challenges, this review aims to highlight the evidence obtained to date on the association between obesity, inflammation, and cancer in dogs, and the possible pathophysiological mechanisms that link obesity and carcinogenesis. The potential to control cancer in animals using existing knowledge is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H. Marchi
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Thiago H. A. Vendramini
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Mariana P. Perini
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Rafael V. A. Zafalon
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Andressa R. Amaral
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa A. Ochamotto
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Juliano C. Da Silveira
- Laboratory of Molecular, Morphophysiology and Development (LMMD), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Maria L. Z. Dagli
- Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Oncology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio A. Brunetto
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil,Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: Marcio A. Brunetto
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5
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Bunnell BA, Martin EC, Matossian MD, Brock CK, Nguyen K, Collins-Burow B, Burow ME. The effect of obesity on adipose-derived stromal cells and adipose tissue and their impact on cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:549-573. [PMID: 35999486 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The significant increase in the incidence of obesity represents the next global health crisis. As a result, scientific research has focused on gaining deeper insights into obesity and adipose tissue biology. As a result of the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue, obesity results from hyperplasia and hypertrophy within the adipose tissue. The functional alterations in the adipose tissue are a confounding contributing factor to many diseases, including cancer. The increased incidence and aggressiveness of several cancers, including colorectal, postmenopausal breast, endometrial, prostate, esophageal, hematological, malignant melanoma, and renal carcinomas, result from obesity as a contributing factor. The increased morbidity and mortality of obesity-associated cancers are attributable to increased hormones, adipokines, and cytokines produced by the adipose tissue. The increased adipose tissue levels observed in obese patients result in more adipose stromal/stem cells (ASCs) distributed throughout the body. ASCs have been shown to impact cancer progression in vitro and in preclinical animal models. ASCs influence tumor biology via multiple mechanisms, including the increased recruitment of ASCs to the tumor site and increased production of cytokines and growth factors by ASCs and other cells within the tumor stroma. Emerging evidence indicates that obesity induces alterations in the biological properties of ASCs, subsequently leading to enhanced tumorigenesis and metastasis of cancer cells. As the focus of this review is the interaction and impact of ASCs on cancer, the presentation is limited to preclinical data generated on cancers in which there is a demonstrated role for ASCs, such as postmenopausal breast, colorectal, prostate, ovarian, multiple myeloma, osteosarcoma, cervical, bladder, and gastrointestinal cancers. Our group has investigated the interactions between obesity and breast cancer and the mechanisms that regulate ASCs and adipocytes in these different contexts through interactions between cancer cells, immune cells, and other cell types present in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are discussed. The reciprocal and circular feedback loop between obesity and ASCs and the mechanisms by which ASCs from obese patients alter the biology of cancer cells and enhance tumorigenesis will be discussed. At present, the evidence for ASCs directly influencing human tumor growth is somewhat limited, though recent clinical studies suggest there may be some link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Bunnell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
| | - Elizabeth C Martin
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Margarite D Matossian
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of Chicago, IL, Chicago, USA
| | - Courtney K Brock
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Khoa Nguyen
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Bridgette Collins-Burow
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Matthew E Burow
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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6
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Lee H. Obesity-Associated Cancers: Evidence from Studies in Mouse Models. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091472. [PMID: 35563777 PMCID: PMC9102145 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, one of the major problems in modern human society, is correlated with various diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In particular, epidemiological and experimental evidence indicates that obesity is closely linked to at least 13 different types of cancer. The mechanisms that potentially explain the link between obesity and cancer include hyperactivation of the IGF pathway, metabolic dysregulation, dysfunctional angiogenesis, chronic inflammation, and interaction between pro-inflammatory cytokines, endocrine hormones, and adipokines. However, how the largely uniform morbidity of obesity leads to different types of cancer still needs to be investigated. To study the link between obesity and cancer, researchers have commonly used preclinical animal models, particularly mouse models. These models include monogenic models of obesity (e.g., ob/ob and db/db mice) and genetically modified mouse models of human cancers (e.g., Kras-driven pancreatic cancer, Apc-mutated colorectal cancer, and Her2/neu-overexpressing breast cancer). The experimental results obtained using these mouse models revealed strong evidence of a link between obesity and cancer and suggested their underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Lee
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; ; Tel.: +82-31-920-2274; Fax: +82-31-920-2279
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
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7
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Cellular and Molecular Players in the Interplay between Adipose Tissue and Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031359. [PMID: 33572982 PMCID: PMC7866411 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and severity of obesity are rising in most of the world. In addition to metabolic disorders, obesity is associated with an increase in the incidence and severity of a variety of types of cancer, including breast cancer (BC). The bidirectional interaction between BC and adipose cells has been deeply investigated, although the molecular and cellular players involved in these mechanisms are far from being fully elucidated. Here, we review the current knowledge on these interactions and describe how preclinical research might be used to clarify the effects of obesity over BC progression and morbidity, with particular attention paid to promising therapeutic interventions.
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Tesi M, Millanta F, Poli A, Mazzetti G, Pasquini A, Panzani D, Rota A, Vannozzi I. Role of body condition score and adiponectin expression in the progression of canine mammary carcinomas. Vet Med Sci 2020; 6:265-271. [PMID: 32202386 PMCID: PMC7397913 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been identified as a risk factor for developing breast cancer in post‐menopausal period in humans and has been suspected to be associated with a worse prognosis also in the bitch. The aims of this study were to investigate the association between body condition score (BCS) and the prognosis of canine mammary carcinomas (CMCs) and the relationships between adiponectin expression and tumour behaviour. Seventy‐three bitches with tubular, tubulopapillary, solid or complex carcinomas were included in the present study. For each dog, evaluation of BCS was conducted using a nine‐point BCS system and the study population was divided into normal weight (4–5/9 points; n = 42), overweight (6–7/9 points; n = 19) and obese (8–9/9 points; n = 12). Type of diet (commercial, homemade or mixed) was recorded. After surgical excision, histological type, tumour size and nodal status were assessed and adiponectin expression was determined and quantified by immunohistochemistry and morphometric analysis. CMC histotype was not correlated with BCS, while a positive correlation between BCS and histological grade (p < .01) was observed. Overweight and obese bitches combined showed a shorter cancer‐specific survival than normal weighted bitches (p < .01). Bitches fed with a homemade diet had a higher BCS than dogs fed with a commercial one, although no relationship was observed between diet and cancer‐specific survival. Thirty‐six CMCs scored positive for adiponectin expression (49%), but no correlation was found between the hormone expression and either CMC characteristics or prognosis. In conclusion, a higher BCS seems to be related with a higher prevalence of more aggressive CMCs and negatively affects the survival time in bitches with these mammary tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tesi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Poli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gaia Mazzetti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Pasquini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Duccio Panzani
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rota
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Iacopo Vannozzi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Post-treatment FDG PET-CT in head and neck carcinoma: comparative analysis of 4 qualitative interpretative criteria in a large patient cohort. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4086. [PMID: 32139722 PMCID: PMC7058010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60739-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no consensus regarding optimal interpretative criteria (IC) for Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) Positron Emission Tomography – Computed Tomography (PET-CT) response assessment following (chemo)radiotherapy (CRT) for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The aim was to compare accuracy of IC (NI-RADS, Porceddu, Hopkins, Deauville) for predicting loco-regional control and progression free survival (PFS). All patients with histologically confirmed HNSCC treated at a specialist cancer centre with curative-intent non-surgical treatment who underwent baseline and response assessment FDG PET-CT between August 2008 and May 2017 were included. Metabolic response was assessed using 4 different IC harmonised into 4-point scales (complete response, indeterminate, partial response, progressive disease). IC performance metrics (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), accuracy) were compared. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed for survival analysis. 562 patients were included (397 oropharynx, 53 hypopharynx, 48 larynx, 64 other/unknown primary). 420 patients (75%) received CRT and 142 (25%) had radiotherapy alone. Median follow-up was 26 months (range 3–148). 156 patients (28%) progressed during follow-up. All IC were accurate for prediction of primary tumour (mean NPV 85.0% (84.6–85.3), PPV 85.0% (82.5–92.3), accuracy 84.9% (84.2–86.0)) and nodal outcome (mean NPV 85.6% (84.1–86.6), PPV 94.7% (93.8–95.1), accuracy 86.8% (85.6–88.0)). Number of indeterminate scores for NI-RADS, Porceddu, Deauville and Hopkins were 91, 25, 20, 13 and 55, 70, 18 and 3 for primary tumour and nodes respectively. PPV was significantly reduced for indeterminate uptake across all IC (mean PPV primary tumour 36%, nodes 48%). Survival analyses showed significant differences in PFS between response categories classified by each of the four IC (p <0.001). All four IC have similar diagnostic performance characteristics although Porceddu and Deauville scores offered the best trade off of minimising indeterminate outcomes whilst maintaining a high NPV.
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10
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Effects of two types of energy restriction on methylation levels of adiponectin receptor 1 and leptin receptor overlapping transcript in a mouse mammary tumour virus-transforming growth factor- α breast cancer mouse model. Br J Nutr 2019; 125:1-9. [PMID: 31685042 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519002757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The role of adiponectin and leptin signalling pathways has been suggested to play important roles in the protective effects of energy restriction (ER) on mammary tumour (MT) development. To study the effects of ER on the methylation levels in adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and leptin receptor overlapping transcript (Leprot) genes using the pyrosequencing method in mammary fat pad tissue, mouse mammary tumour virus-transforming growth factor-α (MMTV-TGF-α) female mice were randomly assigned to ad libitum (AL), chronic ER (CER, 15 % ER) or intermittent ER (3 weeks AL and 1 week 60 % ER in cyclic periods) groups at 10 weeks of age until 82 weeks of age. The methylation levels of AdipoR1 in the CER group were higher than those in the AL group at week 49/50 (P < 0·05), while the levels of methylation for AdipoR1 and Leprot genes were similar among the other groups. Also, the methylation levels at CpG2 and CpG3 regions of the promoter region of the AdipoR1 gene in the CER group were three times higher (P < 0·05), while CpG1 island of Leprot methylation was significantly lower compared with the other groups (P < 0·05). Adiponectin and leptin gene expression levels were consistent with the methylation levels. We also observed a change with ageing in methylation levels of these genes. These results indicate that different types of ER modify methylation levels of AdipoR1 and Leprot in different ways and CER had a more significant effect on methylation levels of both genes. Epigenetic regulation of these genes may play important roles in the preventive effects of ER against MT development and ageing processes.
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11
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Springer NL, Iyengar NM, Bareja R, Verma A, Jochelson MS, Giri DD, Zhou XK, Elemento O, Dannenberg AJ, Fischbach C. Obesity-Associated Extracellular Matrix Remodeling Promotes a Macrophage Phenotype Similar to Tumor-Associated Macrophages. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:2019-2035. [PMID: 31323189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with adipose inflammation, defined by macrophages encircling dead adipocytes, as well as extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and increased risk of breast cancer. Whether ECM affects macrophage phenotype in obesity is uncertain. A better understanding of this relationship could be strategically important to reduce cancer risk or improve outcomes in the obese. Using clinical samples, computational approaches, and in vitro decellularized ECM models, this study quantified the relative abundance of pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages in human breast adipose tissue, determined molecular similarities between obesity and tumor-associated macrophages, and assessed the regulatory effect of obese versus lean ECM on macrophage phenotype. Our results suggest that breast adipose tissue contains more M2- than M1-biased macrophages across all body mass index categories. Obesity further increased M2-biased macrophages but did not affect M1-biased macrophage density. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis suggested that breast tissue macrophages from obese versus lean women are more similar to tumor-associated macrophages. These changes positively correlated with adipose tissue interstitial fibrosis, and in vitro experiments indicated that obese ECM directly stimulates M2-biased macrophage functions. However, mammographic density cannot be used as a clinical indicator of these changes. Collectively, these data suggest that obesity-associated interstitial fibrosis promotes a macrophage phenotype similar to tumor-associated macrophages, which may contribute to the link between obesity and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora L Springer
- Field of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Neil M Iyengar
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Rohan Bareja
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Maxine S Jochelson
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Dilip D Giri
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Xi K Zhou
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - Claudia Fischbach
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
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12
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Teixeira S, Silva I, Nunes F, Campos C, Oliveira M, Lavalle G, Cassali G. Serum evaluation of leptin, IL-6, IGF-1 and estrogen in obese bitches with early stages of mammary carcinoma. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-10259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to relate the serum concentration IL-6, IGF-1, leptin and estrogen in non-castrated bitches with or without overweight and early stage mammary carcinomas. Forty-three bitches were divided into four groups, two groups without mammary carcinomas with and without overweight, and two groups with mammary carcinomas with and without overweight. Overweight bitches, with or without mammary carcinomas, were statistically different from bitches by ideal weight, in relation to ECC, IMCC and body fat percentages (P< 0.0001). There was a positive correlation between ECC and IMCC (P< 0.0001), ECC and % GC (P< 0.0001), and IMCC and % GC (P< 0.0001). A positive correlation was found between serum leptin and IL-6 (P= 0.0451) and leptin and IGF-1 (P= 0.05). A positive correlation (P= 0.0053) between ECC and leptin was found in the analysis of body evaluation methods and serum concentrations, and a negative correlation between ECC and IL-6 (P= 0.0435). Among the fat percentage and the leptin concentration, there was a positive correlation (P= 0.0016), as found between the IMCC and leptin (P= 0, 0209). In this study, no association was observed between excessive weight and the presence of early stage mammary carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - F.C. Nunes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - C.B. Campos
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
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13
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Hao J, Zhang Y, Yan X, Yan F, Sun Y, Zeng J, Waigel S, Yin Y, Fraig MM, Egilmez NK, Suttles J, Kong M, Liu S, Cleary MP, Sauter E, Li B. Circulating Adipose Fatty Acid Binding Protein Is a New Link Underlying Obesity-Associated Breast/Mammary Tumor Development. Cell Metab 2018; 28:689-705.e5. [PMID: 30100196 PMCID: PMC6221972 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It is clear that obesity increases the risk of many types of cancer, including breast cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which obesity is linked to cancer risk remain to be defined. Herein, we report that circulating adipose fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) promotes obesity-associated breast cancer development. Using clinical samples, we demonstrated that circulating A-FABP levels were significantly increased in obese patients with breast cancer in comparison with those without breast cancer. Circulating A-FABP released by adipose tissue directly targeted mammary tumor cells, enhancing tumor stemness and aggressiveness through activation of the IL-6/STAT3/ALDH1 pathway. Importantly, genetic deletion of A-FABP successfully reduced tumor ALHD1 activation and obesity-associated mammary tumor growth and development in different mouse models. Collectively, these data suggest circulating A-FABP as a new link between obesity and breast cancer risk, thereby revealing A-FABP as a potential new therapeutic target for treatment of obesity-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Hao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Yuwen Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Xiaofang Yan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Fei Yan
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Yanwen Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jun Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sabine Waigel
- Genomics Facility and Life Tech Supply Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yanhui Yin
- Department of Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mostafa M Fraig
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Nejat K Egilmez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jill Suttles
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Maiying Kong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shujun Liu
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Margot P Cleary
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Edward Sauter
- Hartford Healthcare Cancer Institute, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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14
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Cranford TL, Velázquez KT, Enos RT, Sougiannis AT, Bader JE, Carson MS, Bellone RR, Chatzistamou I, Nagarkatti M, Murphy EA. Effects of high fat diet-induced obesity on mammary tumorigenesis in the PyMT/MMTV murine model. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 20:487-496. [PMID: 30388923 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1537574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies provide strong evidence that obesity and associated adipose tissue (AT) inflammation are risk factors for breast cancer (BrCA); however, mechanistic knowledge of the interaction of obesity, BrCA, and menopausal status has proven to be not only lacking, but contradictory. Obesity-induced inflammation and elevated biosynthesis of estrogens, through aromatase-mediated metabolism of precursors, have been linked with hormone receptor positive (HP) postmenopausal BrCA but not previously associated with premenopausal BrCA risk. Thus, further delineation of the interaction of obesity, inflammation, and aromatase is required for the development of therapeutic treatment options. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of high fat diet (HFD)-induced inflammation on tumorigenesis in a model of pre and postmenopausal HP BrCA. Female PyMT/MMTV ovary intact and ovariectomized mice were fed low and HFD diets to examine the role of obesity-induced inflammation and hormone production in the development of HP BrCA. Tumor statistics for number, volume, weight, histopathology scoring and gene expression of macrophage and inflammatory mediators were measured in the AT and mammary gland at sacrifice. HFD feedings of ovary intact mice resulted in increased adiposity and tumorigenesis, indicated by increased primary tumor volume, multiplicity, tumor burden, and increased tumor progression represented by histopathological scoring. HFD-induced obesity significantly upregulated aromatase and macrophage marker expression in the AT (F4/80 and CD11c) and mammary gland (Mertk) in a premenopausal model of BrCA. Conversely, HFD feedings had no significant effect on tumorigenesis in a postmenopausal model of BrCA despite large increases in adiposity in ovariectomized mice; however, limitations within the model may have precluded any significant findings. This data suggests that obesity-induced increases in inflammation and hormone production, via aromatase expression, is associated with increases in tumorigenesis in a model of premenopausal HP BrCA in the PyMT/MMTV strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn L Cranford
- a Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - Kandy T Velázquez
- a Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - Reilly T Enos
- a Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - Alexander T Sougiannis
- a Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - Jackie E Bader
- a Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - Meredith S Carson
- a Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - Rebecca R Bellone
- b Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine , University of California at Davis , Davis , CA , USA
| | - Ioulia Chatzistamou
- a Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- a Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - E Angela Murphy
- a Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA
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15
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Wang T, Zhang Z, Wang K, Wang J, Jiang Y, Xia J, Gou L, Liu M, Zhou L, He T, Zhang Y. Inhibitory effects of BMP9 on breast cancer cells by regulating their interaction with pre-adipocytes/adipocytes. Oncotarget 2018; 8:35890-35901. [PMID: 28415788 PMCID: PMC5482625 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) possesses multiple functions, but its effects on breast cancer cells in adipose microenvironment are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether BMP9 is able to modulate the interaction between pre-adipocytes/adipocytes and breast cancer cells. An in vitro co-culture system was established by using pre-adipocytes/adipocytes and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with BMP9 over-expression. The leptin expression and leptin-induced signaling pathway were evaluated in this co-culture system. MTT assay, EdU assay and flow cytometry were used to assess the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells. Wound-healing assay and Transwell migration assay were used to assess the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of leptin recepter (ObR) in MDA-MB-231 cells. The expression of key molecules in leptin signaling pathway in co-culture system were detected by Western blotting. MDA-MB-231 cells and pre-adipocytes/adipocytes were inoculated into nude mice, the tumor volume was measured, and the protein expression of key molecules in leptin signaling pathway was detected. Results showed BMP9 inhibited breast tumor growth in vitro and in vivo and reduced the migration of breast cancer cells in vitro. MDA-MB-231 cells with BMP9 over-expression decreased leptin expression in pre-adipocytes/adipocytes and had reduced phosphorylation of STAT3, ERK1/2 and AKT. Taken together, our study indicates that BMP9 can inhibit the growth and metastasis of breast cancer cells, which may be related to interaction between pre-adipocytes/adipocytes and MDA-MB-231 cells via leptin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine of The Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Clinical Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, P.R.China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine of The Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Clinical Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, P.R.China
| | - Ke Wang
- Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R.China
| | - Jinshu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine of The Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Clinical Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, P.R.China
| | - Yayun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine of The Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Clinical Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, P.R.China
| | - Jing Xia
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine of The Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Clinical Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, P.R.China
| | - Liyao Gou
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine of The Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Clinical Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, P.R.China
| | - Mengyao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine of The Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Clinical Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, P.R.China
| | - Lan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine of The Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Clinical Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, P.R.China
| | - Tongchuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine of The Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Clinical Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, P.R.China
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16
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Kim HG, Jin SW, Kim YA, Khanal T, Lee GH, Kim SJ, Rhee SD, Chung YC, Hwang YJ, Jeong TC, Jeong HG. Leptin induces CREB-dependent aromatase activation through COX-2 expression in breast cancer cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 106:232-241. [PMID: 28571770 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Leptin plays a key role in the control of adipocyte formation, as well as in the associated regulation of energy intake and expenditure. The goal of this study was to determine if leptin-induced aromatase enhances estrogen production and induces tumor cell growth stimulation. To this end, breast cancer cells were incubated with leptin in the absence or presence of inhibitor pretreatment, and changes in aromatase and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression were evaluated at the mRNA and protein levels. Transient transfection assays were performed to examine the aromatase and COX-2 gene promoter activities and immunoblot analysis was used to examine protein expression. Leptin induced aromatase expression, estradiol production, and promoter activity in breast cancer cells. Protein levels of phospho-STAT3, PKA, Akt, ERK, and JNK were increased by leptin. Leptin also significantly increased cAMP levels, cAMP response element (CRE) activation, and CREB phosphorylation. In addition, leptin induced COX-2 expression, promoter activity, and increased the production of prostaglandin E2. Finally, a COX-2 inhibitor and aromatase inhibitor suppressed leptin-induced cell proliferation in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Together, our data show that leptin increased aromatase expression in breast cancer cells, which was correlated with COX-2 upregulation, mediated through CRE activation and cooperation among multiple signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Gyun Kim
- Department Research Planning Team, Mokpo Marine Food-industry Research Center, Mokpo, Republic of Korea; Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Woo Jin
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong An Kim
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tilak Khanal
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Ho Lee
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jong Kim
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Dal Rhee
- Research Center for Drug Discovery Technology, Division of Bio & Drug Discovery, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Chung
- Department of Food Science, International University of Korea, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jung Hwang
- Department of Food Science, International University of Korea, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Cheon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Gwang Jeong
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Rezende LM, Marson FAL, Lima CSP, Bertuzzo CS. Can MTHFR C677T and A1298C Polymorphisms Alter the Risk and Severity of Sporadic Breast Cancer in Brazilian Women? Clin Breast Cancer 2017; 17:e199-e208. [PMID: 28330681 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) modify the risk and severity of sporadic breast cancer (BC). In this context, the MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms have been associated with risk and severity of sporadic BC. PATIENTS AND METHODS In total, 253 women with BC and 257 controls were enrolled in this study. Polymorphisms were analyzed using restriction fragment length polymorphism - polymerase chain reaction. Epidemiology, tumor characteristics, and reproductive factors were considered in the analysis. Statistical tests included the χ2 test, the Fisher exact test, and the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, or parametric equivalents. RESULTS MTHFR polymorphisms were not a risk factor for BC. The 677CC genotype was associated with distant metastasis (odds ratio [OR] = 5.311; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.124-25.09) and lower estrogen receptor expression, whereas the 1298AA genotype was associated with stage 0 (OR = 0.244; 95% CI = 0.077-0.771) and increased estrogen receptor expression. In haplotype analysis, 677CC/1298AA was associated with hypertension (OR = 1.979; 95% CI = 1.036-3.782), and 677CT/1298AC was associated with invasive carcinoma of no special type (OR = 0.472; 95% CI = 0.243-0.918) and stage 0 (OR = 3.476; 95% CI = 1.341-10.47). CONCLUSION The MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms do not alter the risk of BC, but are associated with the clinical severity of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Montes Rezende
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - Unicamp, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas/SP, Brasil.
| | - Fernando Augusto Lima Marson
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - Unicamp, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas/SP, Brasil; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - Unicamp, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas/SP, Brasil.
| | - Carmen Sílvia Passos Lima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - Unicamp, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas/SP, Brasil
| | - Carmen Sílvia Bertuzzo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - Unicamp, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas/SP, Brasil
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18
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Rezende LM, Marson FAL, Lima CSP, Bertuzzo CS. Variants of estrogen receptor alpha and beta genes modify the severity of sporadic breast cancer. Gene 2017; 608:73-78. [PMID: 28109853 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reproductive factors pose a risk for sporadic breast cancer (BC) development owing to the lifetime exposure to estrogen, a hormone responsible for cell proliferation in the breast. Because variants of the estrogen receptor (ER) alpha and beta genes have been associated with BC risk in numerous populations, the objective of the study was to determine whether the risk and severity of sporadic BC was associated with the rs2228480 (ESR1) and rs4986938 (ESR2) variants in a Brazilian population. METHODS A total of 253 DNA samples from sporadic BC patients and 257 DNA samples from healthy controls were studied. The samples were genotyped by PCR-RFLP. Epidemiological, clinical, and reproductive factors were analyzed. Statistical tests conducted included the χ2 test, Fisher's exact test, and Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests or their parametric equivalents. RESULTS There was a high frequency of the rs2228480*GG genotype among the ER-positive tumors (OR=2.13; 95% CI=1.189-3.816) and it showed minor association with clinical stage 0 (OR=0.324; 95% CI=0.116-0.904). The rs2228480*GA genotype was associated with minor ER expression, whereas rs2228480*GG was associated with high expression of the progesterone receptor (PR). The frequency of rs4986938*GA was high among women who breastfed (OR=2.11; 95% CI=1.203-3.702), and it showed high association with clinical stage 0 (OR=4.383; 95% CI=1.606-11.96) whereas it had minor association with systemic arterial hypertension (OR=0.53; 95% CI=0.319-0.880). The rs2228480*GG/rs4986938*GG haplotype occurred at a low frequency among women who breastfed (OR=0.525; 95% CI=0.298-0.924) but it was associated with a high expression of PR. CONCLUSION The rs2228480 and rs4986938 variants did not alter sporadic BC risk, but they did modulate the BC severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Montes Rezende
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - Unicamp, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Augusto Lima Marson
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - Unicamp, Brazil; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - Unicamp, Brazil.
| | - Carmen Sílvia Passos Lima
- Department of Medical Clinics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - Unicamp, Brazil.
| | - Carmen Sílvia Bertuzzo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - Unicamp, Brazil.
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Myckatyn TM, Wagner IJ, Mehrara BJ, Crosby MA, Park JE, Qaqish BF, Moore DT, Busch EL, Silva AK, Kaur S, Ollila DW, Lee CN. Cancer Risk after Fat Transfer: A Multicenter Case-Cohort Study. Plast Reconstr Surg 2017; 139:11-18. [PMID: 28027219 PMCID: PMC5428547 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000002838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fat transfer is an increasingly popular method for refining postmastectomy breast reconstructions. However, concern persists that fat transfer may promote disease recurrence. Adipocytes are derived from adipose-derived stem cells and express adipocytokines that can facilitate active breast cancer cells in laboratory models. The authors sought to evaluate the association between fat transfer to the reconstructed breast and cancer recurrence in patients diagnosed with local or regional invasive breast cancers. METHODS A multicenter, case-cohort study was performed. Eligible patients from four centers (Memorial Sloan Kettering, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, and the University of Chicago) were identified by each site's institutional tumor registry or cancer data warehouse. Eligibility criteria were as follows: mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction between 2006 and 2011, age older than 21 years, female sex, and incident diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma (stage I, II, or III). Cases consisted of all recurrences during the study period, and controls consisted of a 30 percent random sample of the study population. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate for association between fat transfer and time to recurrence in bivariate and multivariate models. RESULTS The time to disease recurrence unadjusted hazard ratio for fat transfer was 0.99 (95 percent CI, 0.56 to 1.7). After adjustment for age, body mass index, stage, HER2/Neu receptor status, and estrogen receptor status, the hazard ratio was 0.97 (95 percent CI, 0.54 to 1.8). CONCLUSION In this population of breast cancer patients who had mastectomy with immediate reconstruction, fat transfer was not associated with a higher risk of cancer recurrence. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence M Myckatyn
- St. Louis, Mo.; Chapel Hill, N.C.; New York, N.Y.; Houston, Texas; Chicago and Arlington Heights, Ill.; Boston, Mass.; and Columbus, Ohio
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, and the Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center; the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Department of Biostatistics, the Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina; the Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; the Department of Plastic Surgery, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center; the Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Chicago; The Plastic Surgery Foundation; the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health; and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Health Services Management and Policy, Ohio State University
| | - I Janelle Wagner
- St. Louis, Mo.; Chapel Hill, N.C.; New York, N.Y.; Houston, Texas; Chicago and Arlington Heights, Ill.; Boston, Mass.; and Columbus, Ohio
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, and the Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center; the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Department of Biostatistics, the Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina; the Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; the Department of Plastic Surgery, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center; the Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Chicago; The Plastic Surgery Foundation; the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health; and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Health Services Management and Policy, Ohio State University
| | - Babak J Mehrara
- St. Louis, Mo.; Chapel Hill, N.C.; New York, N.Y.; Houston, Texas; Chicago and Arlington Heights, Ill.; Boston, Mass.; and Columbus, Ohio
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, and the Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center; the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Department of Biostatistics, the Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina; the Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; the Department of Plastic Surgery, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center; the Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Chicago; The Plastic Surgery Foundation; the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health; and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Health Services Management and Policy, Ohio State University
| | - Melissa A Crosby
- St. Louis, Mo.; Chapel Hill, N.C.; New York, N.Y.; Houston, Texas; Chicago and Arlington Heights, Ill.; Boston, Mass.; and Columbus, Ohio
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, and the Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center; the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Department of Biostatistics, the Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina; the Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; the Department of Plastic Surgery, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center; the Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Chicago; The Plastic Surgery Foundation; the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health; and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Health Services Management and Policy, Ohio State University
| | - Julie E Park
- St. Louis, Mo.; Chapel Hill, N.C.; New York, N.Y.; Houston, Texas; Chicago and Arlington Heights, Ill.; Boston, Mass.; and Columbus, Ohio
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, and the Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center; the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Department of Biostatistics, the Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina; the Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; the Department of Plastic Surgery, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center; the Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Chicago; The Plastic Surgery Foundation; the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health; and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Health Services Management and Policy, Ohio State University
| | - Bahjat F Qaqish
- St. Louis, Mo.; Chapel Hill, N.C.; New York, N.Y.; Houston, Texas; Chicago and Arlington Heights, Ill.; Boston, Mass.; and Columbus, Ohio
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, and the Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center; the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Department of Biostatistics, the Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina; the Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; the Department of Plastic Surgery, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center; the Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Chicago; The Plastic Surgery Foundation; the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health; and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Health Services Management and Policy, Ohio State University
| | - Dominic T Moore
- St. Louis, Mo.; Chapel Hill, N.C.; New York, N.Y.; Houston, Texas; Chicago and Arlington Heights, Ill.; Boston, Mass.; and Columbus, Ohio
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, and the Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center; the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Department of Biostatistics, the Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina; the Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; the Department of Plastic Surgery, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center; the Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Chicago; The Plastic Surgery Foundation; the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health; and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Health Services Management and Policy, Ohio State University
| | - Evan L Busch
- St. Louis, Mo.; Chapel Hill, N.C.; New York, N.Y.; Houston, Texas; Chicago and Arlington Heights, Ill.; Boston, Mass.; and Columbus, Ohio
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, and the Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center; the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Department of Biostatistics, the Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina; the Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; the Department of Plastic Surgery, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center; the Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Chicago; The Plastic Surgery Foundation; the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health; and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Health Services Management and Policy, Ohio State University
| | - Amanda K Silva
- St. Louis, Mo.; Chapel Hill, N.C.; New York, N.Y.; Houston, Texas; Chicago and Arlington Heights, Ill.; Boston, Mass.; and Columbus, Ohio
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, and the Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center; the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Department of Biostatistics, the Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina; the Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; the Department of Plastic Surgery, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center; the Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Chicago; The Plastic Surgery Foundation; the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health; and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Health Services Management and Policy, Ohio State University
| | - Surinder Kaur
- St. Louis, Mo.; Chapel Hill, N.C.; New York, N.Y.; Houston, Texas; Chicago and Arlington Heights, Ill.; Boston, Mass.; and Columbus, Ohio
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, and the Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center; the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Department of Biostatistics, the Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina; the Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; the Department of Plastic Surgery, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center; the Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Chicago; The Plastic Surgery Foundation; the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health; and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Health Services Management and Policy, Ohio State University
| | - David W Ollila
- St. Louis, Mo.; Chapel Hill, N.C.; New York, N.Y.; Houston, Texas; Chicago and Arlington Heights, Ill.; Boston, Mass.; and Columbus, Ohio
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, and the Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center; the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Department of Biostatistics, the Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina; the Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; the Department of Plastic Surgery, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center; the Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Chicago; The Plastic Surgery Foundation; the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health; and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Health Services Management and Policy, Ohio State University
| | - Clara N Lee
- St. Louis, Mo.; Chapel Hill, N.C.; New York, N.Y.; Houston, Texas; Chicago and Arlington Heights, Ill.; Boston, Mass.; and Columbus, Ohio
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, and the Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center; the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Department of Biostatistics, the Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina; the Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; the Department of Plastic Surgery, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center; the Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Chicago; The Plastic Surgery Foundation; the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health; and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Health Services Management and Policy, Ohio State University
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Turner RT, Dube M, Branscum AJ, Wong CP, Olson DA, Zhong X, Kweh MF, Larkin IV, Wronski TJ, Rosen CJ, Kalra SP, Iwaniec UT. Hypothalamic leptin gene therapy reduces body weight without accelerating age-related bone loss. J Endocrinol 2015; 227:129-41. [PMID: 26487675 PMCID: PMC4917201 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Excessive weight gain in adults is associated with a variety of negative health outcomes. Unfortunately, dieting, exercise, and pharmacological interventions have had limited long-term success in weight control and can result in detrimental side effects, including accelerating age-related cancellous bone loss. We investigated the efficacy of using hypothalamic leptin gene therapy as an alternative method for reducing weight in skeletally-mature (9 months old) female rats and determined the impact of leptin-induced weight loss on bone mass, density, and microarchitecture, and serum biomarkers of bone turnover (CTx and osteocalcin). Rats were implanted with cannulae in the 3rd ventricle of the hypothalamus and injected with either recombinant adeno-associated virus encoding the gene for rat leptin (rAAV-Leptin, n=7) or a control vector encoding green fluorescent protein (rAAV-GFP, n=10) and sacrificed 18 weeks later. A baseline control group (n=7) was sacrificed at vector administration. rAAV-Leptin-treated rats lost weight (-4±2%) while rAAV-GFP-treated rats gained weight (14±2%) during the study. At study termination, rAAV-Leptin-treated rats weighed 17% less than rAAV-GFP-treated rats and had lower abdominal white adipose tissue weight (-80%), serum leptin (-77%), and serum IGF1 (-34%). Cancellous bone volume fraction in distal femur metaphysis and epiphysis, and in lumbar vertebra tended to be lower (P<0.1) in rAAV-GFP-treated rats (13.5 months old) compared to baseline control rats (9 months old). Significant differences in cancellous bone or biomarkers of bone turnover were not detected between rAAV-Leptin and rAAV-GFP rats. In summary, rAAV-Leptin-treated rats maintained a lower body weight compared to baseline and rAAV-GFP-treated rats with minimal effects on bone mass, density, microarchitecture, or biochemical markers of bone turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell T Turner
- Skeletal Biology LaboratorySchool of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USACenter for Healthy Aging ResearchOregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USADepartment of NeuroscienceMcKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USABiostatisticsSchool of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USADepartment of Physiological SciencesUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USADepartment of Large Animal Clinical SciencesUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USAMaine Medical Center Research InstituteScarborough, Maine, USA Skeletal Biology LaboratorySchool of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USACenter for Healthy Aging ResearchOregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USADepartment of NeuroscienceMcKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USABiostatisticsSchool of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USADepartment of Physiological SciencesUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USADepartment of Large Animal Clinical SciencesUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USAMaine Medical Center Research InstituteScarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Michael Dube
- Skeletal Biology LaboratorySchool of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USACenter for Healthy Aging ResearchOregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USADepartment of NeuroscienceMcKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USABiostatisticsSchool of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USADepartment of Physiological SciencesUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USADepartment of Large Animal Clinical SciencesUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USAMaine Medical Center Research InstituteScarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Adam J Branscum
- Skeletal Biology LaboratorySchool of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USACenter for Healthy Aging ResearchOregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USADepartment of NeuroscienceMcKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USABiostatisticsSchool of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USADepartment of Physiological SciencesUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USADepartment of Large Animal Clinical SciencesUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USAMaine Medical Center Research InstituteScarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Carmen P Wong
- Skeletal Biology LaboratorySchool of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USACenter for Healthy Aging ResearchOregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USADepartment of NeuroscienceMcKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USABiostatisticsSchool of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USADepartment of Physiological SciencesUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USADepartment of Large Animal Clinical SciencesUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USAMaine Medical Center Research InstituteScarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Dawn A Olson
- Skeletal Biology LaboratorySchool of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USACenter for Healthy Aging ResearchOregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USADepartment of NeuroscienceMcKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USABiostatisticsSchool of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USADepartment of Physiological SciencesUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USADepartment of Large Animal Clinical SciencesUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USAMaine Medical Center Research InstituteScarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Xiaoying Zhong
- Skeletal Biology LaboratorySchool of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USACenter for Healthy Aging ResearchOregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USADepartment of NeuroscienceMcKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USABiostatisticsSchool of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USADepartment of Physiological SciencesUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USADepartment of Large Animal Clinical SciencesUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USAMaine Medical Center Research InstituteScarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Mercedes F Kweh
- Skeletal Biology LaboratorySchool of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USACenter for Healthy Aging ResearchOregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USADepartment of NeuroscienceMcKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USABiostatisticsSchool of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USADepartment of Physiological SciencesUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USADepartment of Large Animal Clinical SciencesUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USAMaine Medical Center Research InstituteScarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Iske V Larkin
- Skeletal Biology LaboratorySchool of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USACenter for Healthy Aging ResearchOregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USADepartment of NeuroscienceMcKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USABiostatisticsSchool of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USADepartment of Physiological SciencesUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USADepartment of Large Animal Clinical SciencesUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USAMaine Medical Center Research InstituteScarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Thomas J Wronski
- Skeletal Biology LaboratorySchool of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USACenter for Healthy Aging ResearchOregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USADepartment of NeuroscienceMcKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USABiostatisticsSchool of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USADepartment of Physiological SciencesUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USADepartment of Large Animal Clinical SciencesUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USAMaine Medical Center Research InstituteScarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Skeletal Biology LaboratorySchool of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USACenter for Healthy Aging ResearchOregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USADepartment of NeuroscienceMcKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USABiostatisticsSchool of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USADepartment of Physiological SciencesUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USADepartment of Large Animal Clinical SciencesUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USAMaine Medical Center Research InstituteScarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Satya P Kalra
- Skeletal Biology LaboratorySchool of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USACenter for Healthy Aging ResearchOregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USADepartment of NeuroscienceMcKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USABiostatisticsSchool of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USADepartment of Physiological SciencesUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USADepartment of Large Animal Clinical SciencesUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USAMaine Medical Center Research InstituteScarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Urszula T Iwaniec
- Skeletal Biology LaboratorySchool of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USACenter for Healthy Aging ResearchOregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USADepartment of NeuroscienceMcKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USABiostatisticsSchool of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USADepartment of Physiological SciencesUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USADepartment of Large Animal Clinical SciencesUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USAMaine Medical Center Research InstituteScarborough, Maine, USA Skeletal Biology LaboratorySchool of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USACenter for Healthy Aging ResearchOregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USADepartment of NeuroscienceMcKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USABiostatisticsSchool of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USADepartment of Physiological SciencesUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USADepartment of Large Animal Clinical SciencesUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USAMaine Medical Center Research InstituteScarborough, Maine, USA
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Varlotto J, Flickinger J, Pavelic MT, Specht CS, Sheehan JM, Timek DT, Glantz MJ, Sogge S, Dimaio C, Moser R, Yunus S, Fitzgerald TJ, Upadhyay U, Rava P, Tangel M, Yao A, Kanekar S. Distinguishing grade I meningioma from higher grade meningiomas without biopsy. Oncotarget 2015; 6:38421-8. [PMID: 26472106 PMCID: PMC4742010 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many meningiomas are identified by imaging and followed, with an assumption that they are WHO Grade I tumors. The purpose of our investigation is to find clinical or imaging predictors of WHO Grade II/III tumors to distinguish them from Grade I meningiomas. METHODS Patients with a pathologic diagnosis of meningioma from 2002-2009 were included if they had pre-operative MRI studies and pathology for review. A Neuro-Pathologist reviewed and classified all tumors by WHO 2007. All Brain MRI imaging was reviewed by a Neuro-radiologist. Pathology and Radiology reviews were blinded from each other and clinical course. Recursive partitioning was used to create predictive models for identifying meningioma grades. RESULTS Factors significantly correlating with a diagnosis of WHO Grade II-III tumors in univariate analysis: prior CVA (p = 0.005), CABG (p = 0.010), paresis (p = 0.008), vascularity index = 4/4: (p = 0.009), convexity vs other (p = 0.014), metabolic syndrome (p = 0.025), non-skull base (p = 0.041) and non-postmenopausal female (p = 0.045). Recursive partitioning analysis identified four categories: 1. prior CVA, 2. vascular index (vi) = 4 (no CVA), 3. premenopausal or male, vi < 4, no CVA. 4. Postmenopausal, vi < 4, no CVA with corresponding rates of 73, 54, 35 and 10% of being Grade II-III meningiomas. CONCLUSIONS Meningioma patients with prior CVA and those grade 4/4 vascularity are the most likely to have WHO Grade II-III tumors while post-menopausal women without these features are the most likely to have Grade I meningiomas. Further study of the associations of clinical and imaging factors with grade and clinical behavior are needed to better predict behavior of these tumors without biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Varlotto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - John Flickinger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Martin T Pavelic
- Department of Anesthesia, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles S Specht
- Department of Pathology, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jonas M Sheehan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Penn State Hershey Neuroscience Institute, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Dana T Timek
- Department of Pathology, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Michael J Glantz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Penn State Hershey Neuroscience Institute, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Steven Sogge
- Department of Radiology, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Christopher Dimaio
- Department of Neurology, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Richard Moser
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Shakeeb Yunus
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J Fitzgerald
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Urvashi Upadhyay
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Paul Rava
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Aaron Yao
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sangam Kanekar
- Department of Radiology, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
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22
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Huo CW, Chew G, Hill P, Huang D, Ingman W, Hodson L, Brown KA, Magenau A, Allam AH, McGhee E, Timpson P, Henderson MA, Thompson EW, Britt K. High mammographic density is associated with an increase in stromal collagen and immune cells within the mammary epithelium. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:79. [PMID: 26040322 PMCID: PMC4485361 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mammographic density (MD), after adjustment for a women's age and body mass index, is a strong and independent risk factor for breast cancer (BC). Although the BC risk attributable to increased MD is significant in healthy women, the biological basis of high mammographic density (HMD) causation and how it raises BC risk remain elusive. We assessed the histological and immunohistochemical differences between matched HMD and low mammographic density (LMD) breast tissues from healthy women to define which cell features may mediate the increased MD and MD-associated BC risk. METHODS Tissues were obtained between 2008 and 2013 from 41 women undergoing prophylactic mastectomy because of their high BC risk profile. Tissue slices resected from the mastectomy specimens were X-rayed, then HMD and LMD regions were dissected based on radiological appearance. The histological composition, aromatase immunoreactivity, hormone receptor status and proliferation status were assessed, as were collagen amount and orientation, epithelial subsets and immune cell status. RESULTS HMD tissue had a significantly greater proportion of stroma, collagen and epithelium, as well as less fat, than LMD tissue did. Second harmonic generation imaging demonstrated more organised stromal collagen in HMD tissues than in LMD tissues. There was significantly more aromatase immunoreactivity in both the stromal and glandular regions of HMD tissues than in those regions of LMD tissues, although no significant differences in levels of oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor or Ki-67 expression were detected. The number of macrophages within the epithelium or stroma did not change; however, HMD stroma exhibited less CD206(+) alternatively activated macrophages. Epithelial cell maturation was not altered in HMD samples, and no evidence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition was seen; however, there was a significant increase in vimentin(+)/CD45(+) immune cells within the epithelial layer in HMD tissues. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed increased proportions of stroma and epithelium, increased aromatase activity and no changes in hormone receptor or Ki-67 marker status in HMD tissue. The HMD region showed increased collagen deposition and organisation as well as decreased alternatively activated macrophages in the stroma. The HMD epithelium may be a site for local inflammation, as we observed a significant increase in CD45(+)/vimentin(+) immune cells in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia W Huo
- University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, Level 2, Clinical Sciences Building, 29 Regent Street, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia.
| | - Grace Chew
- University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, Level 2, Clinical Sciences Building, 29 Regent Street, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia.
| | - Prue Hill
- Department of Pathology, St. Vincent's Hospital, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia.
| | - Dexing Huang
- St. Vincent's Institute, 9 Princes Street, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia.
| | - Wendy Ingman
- Discipline of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia. .,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Ground Floor, Norwich Centre, 55 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA, 5006, Australia.
| | - Leigh Hodson
- Discipline of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia. .,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Ground Floor, Norwich Centre, 55 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA, 5006, Australia.
| | - Kristy A Brown
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.
| | - Astrid Magenau
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Australia. .,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia. .,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Clayton, Australia.
| | - Amr H Allam
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Australia. .,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia. .,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Clayton, Australia.
| | - Ewan McGhee
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Paul Timpson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Australia. .,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia. .,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Clayton, Australia.
| | - Michael A Henderson
- University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, Level 2, Clinical Sciences Building, 29 Regent Street, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia. .,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 2 St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia.
| | - Erik W Thompson
- University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, Level 2, Clinical Sciences Building, 29 Regent Street, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia. .,St. Vincent's Institute, 9 Princes Street, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia. .,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia.
| | - Kara Britt
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Switchback Road, Bearsden Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK. .,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia. .,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, 19 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC, s, Australia.
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23
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Lim HY, Im KS, Kim NH, Kim HW, Shin JI, Yhee JY, Sur JH. Effects of Obesity and Obesity-Related Molecules on Canine Mammary Gland Tumors. Vet Pathol 2015; 52:1045-51. [PMID: 25883120 DOI: 10.1177/0300985815579994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity can affect the clinical course of a number of diseases, including breast cancer in women and mammary gland tumors in female dogs, via the secretion of various cytokines and hormones. The objective of this study was to examine the expression patterns of obesity-related molecules such as aromatase, leptin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1 R) in canine mammary carcinomas (CMCs) on the basis of the body condition score (BCS). Comparative analyses of the expression of these molecules, together with prognostic factors for CMCs, including hormone receptors (HRs; estrogen and progesterone receptors), lymphatic invasion, central necrosis of the tumor, and histologic grade, were performed on 56 CMCs. The mean age of CMC onset was lower in the overweight or obese group (8.7 ± 1.9 years) than in the lean or ideal body weight group (10.4 ± 2.7 years). The proportion of poorly differentiated (grade III) tumors was significantly higher in the overweight or obese female dogs. Aromatase expression was significantly higher in the overweight or obese group and was correlated with the expression of HRs (P = .025). These findings suggest that overweight or obese status might affect the development and behavior of CMCs by tumor-adipocyte interactions and increased HR-related tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-Y Lim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Tumor Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K-S Im
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Tumor Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - N-H Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Tumor Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H-W Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Tumor Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J-I Shin
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Tumor Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J-Y Yhee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J-H Sur
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Tumor Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Omabe M, Ezeani M, Omabe KN. Lipid metabolism and cancer progression: The missing target in metastatic cancer treatment. J Appl Biomed 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Suyila Q, Cui H, Yang L, Zhao L, Zhang R, Su X. Serum leptin concentrations in Mongolian women. Obes Res Clin Pract 2014; 7:e75-80. [PMID: 24331684 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our study is to elucidate the association between leptin and obesity in Mongolian women. METHOD Total 181 women participated in the study including 118 Mongolians and 63 Han. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated by weight (kg) divided by square height (m²). Percent body fat (%fat) was detected by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Fasting serum leptin was determined by ELISA. RESULT The average BMI and %fat of Mongolian and Han women was 25.14 ± 4.48 kg/m², 24.30 ± 3.62 kg/m² and 36.10 ± 6.23%, 33.84 ± 5.98%, respectively. Fasting serum leptin level in obese women (BMI ≥ 25) was remarkably higher than in normal weight women (18.5 < BMI < 25) in Mongolian and Han ethnic groups (all P < 0.001). Fasting serum leptin level in Mongolian women had borderline significance compared with it in Han women (P = 0.049). Multiple linear regression models revealed that ethnicity, %fat and BMI were associated with serum leptin concentrations independent of age. CONCLUSION In Mongolian and Han women, fasting serum leptin level was positively associated with BMI and %fat (all P < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiulan Su
- Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical College, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.
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Sledge GW, Mamounas EP, Hortobagyi GN, Burstein HJ, Goodwin PJ, Wolff AC. Past, present, and future challenges in breast cancer treatment. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:1979-86. [PMID: 24888802 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.55.4139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pamela J Goodwin
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and
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Khanal T, Kim HG, Do MT, Choi JH, Won SS, Kang W, Chung YC, Jeong TC, Jeong HG. Leptin induces CYP1B1 expression in MCF-7 cells through ligand-independent activation of the ERα pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 277:39-48. [PMID: 24631339 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Leptin, a hormone with multiple biological actions, is produced predominantly by adipose tissue. Among its functions, leptin can stimulate tumour cell growth. Oestrogen receptor α (ERα), which plays an essential role in breast cancer development, can be transcriptionally activated in a ligand-independent manner. In this study, we investigated the effect of leptin on CYP1B1 expression and its mechanism in breast cancer cells. Leptin induced CYP1B1 protein, messenger RNA expression and promoter activity in ERα-positive MCF-7 cells but not in ERα-negative MDA-MB-231 cells. Additionally, leptin increased 4-hydroxyoestradiol in MCF-7 cells. Also, ERα knockdown by siRNA significantly blocked the induction of CYP1B1 expression by leptin, indicating that leptin induced CYP1B1 expression via an ERα-dependent mechanism. Transient transfection with CYP1B1 deletion promoter constructs revealed that the oestrogen response element (ERE) plays important role in the up-regulation of CYP1B1 by leptin. Furthermore, leptin stimulated phosphorylation of ERα at serine residues 118 and 167 and increased ERE-luciferase activity, indicating that leptin induced CYP1B1 expression by ERα activation. Finally, we found that leptin activated ERK and Akt signalling pathways, which are upstream kinases related to ERα phosphorylation induced by leptin. Taken together, our results indicate that leptin-induced CYP1B1 expression is mediated by ligand-independent activation of the ERα pathway as a result of the activation of ERK and Akt in MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilak Khanal
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Gyun Kim
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minh Truong Do
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Choi
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Su Won
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonku Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Chung
- Department of Food Science and Culinary, International University of Korea, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Cheon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye Gwang Jeong
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Racial disparities in survival and age-related outcome in postsurgery breast cancer patients in a new york city community hospital. ISRN ONCOLOGY 2014; 2014:694591. [PMID: 24693452 PMCID: PMC3945176 DOI: 10.1155/2014/694591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer survival has significantly improved over the past two decades. However, the diagnosis of breast cancer is lower and the mortality rate remains higher, in African American women (AA) compared to Caucasian-American women. The purpose of this investigation is to analyze postoperative events that may affect breast cancer survival. This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from The Brooklyn Hospital Center cancer registry from 1997 to 2010. Of the 1538 patients in the registry, 1226 are AA and 269 are Caucasian. The study was divided into two time periods, 1997-2004 (period A) and 2005-2010 (period B), in order to assess the effect of treatment outcomes on survival. During period A, 5-year survival probabilities of 75.37%, 74.53%, and 78.70% were seen among all patients, AA women and Caucasian women, respectively. These probabilities increased to 87.62%, 87.15% and 89.99% in period B. Improved survival in AA women may be attributed to the use of adjuvant chemotherapy, radiation, and hormonal therapy. Improved survival in Caucasian patients was attributed to the use of radiation therapy, as well as earlier detection resulting in more favorable tumor grades and pathological stages.
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Lakritz JR, Poutahidis T, Levkovich T, Varian BJ, Ibrahim YM, Chatzigiagkos A, Mirabal S, Alm EJ, Erdman SE. Beneficial bacteria stimulate host immune cells to counteract dietary and genetic predisposition to mammary cancer in mice. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:529-40. [PMID: 24382758 PMCID: PMC4131439 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest health benefits including protection from cancer after eating fermented foods such as probiotic yogurt, though the mechanisms are not well understood. Here we tested mechanistic hypotheses using two different animal models: the first model studied development of mammary cancer when eating a Westernized diet, and the second studied animals with a genetic predilection to breast cancer. For the first model, outbred Swiss mice were fed a Westernized chow putting them at increased risk for development of mammary tumors. In this Westernized diet model, mammary carcinogenesis was inhibited by routine exposure to Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC-PTA-6475 in drinking water. The second model was FVB strain erbB2 (HER2) mutant mice, genetically susceptible to mammary tumors mimicking breast cancers in humans, being fed a regular (non-Westernized) chow diet. We found that oral supplement with these purified lactic acid bacteria alone was sufficient to inhibit features of mammary neoplasia in both models. The protective mechanism was determined to be microbially-triggered CD4+CD25+ lymphocytes. When isolated and transplanted into other subjects, these L. reuteri-stimulated lymphocytes were sufficient to convey transplantable anti-cancer protection in the cell recipient animals. These data demonstrate that host immune responses to environmental microbes significantly impact and inhibit cancer progression in distal tissues such as mammary glands, even in genetically susceptible mice. This leads us to conclude that consuming fermentative microbes such as L. reuteri may offer a tractable public health approach to help counteract the accumulated dietary and genetic carcinogenic events integral in the Westernized diet and lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Lakritz
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
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27-Hydroxycholesterol promotes cell-autonomous, ER-positive breast cancer growth. Cell Rep 2013; 5:637-45. [PMID: 24210818 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, estrogen is the only known endogenous estrogen receptor (ER) ligand that promotes ER+ breast tumor growth. We report that the cholesterol metabolite 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC) stimulates MCF-7 cell xenograft growth in mice. More importantly, in ER+ breast cancer patients, 27HC content in normal breast tissue is increased compared to that in cancer-free controls, and tumor 27HC content is further elevated. Increased tumor 27HC is correlated with diminished expression of CYP7B1, the 27HC metabolizing enzyme, and reduced expression of CYP7B1 in tumors is associated with poorer patient survival. Moreover, 27HC is produced by MCF-7 cells, and it stimulates cell-autonomous, ER-dependent, and GDNF-RET-dependent cell proliferation. Thus, 27HC is a locally modulated, nonaromatized ER ligand that promotes ER+ breast tumor growth.
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Howe LR, Subbaramaiah K, Hudis CA, Dannenberg AJ. Molecular pathways: adipose inflammation as a mediator of obesity-associated cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:6074-83. [PMID: 23958744 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-2603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The increasing rate of obesity worldwide is predicted to be associated with a surge in diseases. Notably, obesity has been linked to approximately 20% of cancer cases in the United States; obesity is associated with both increased risk and worse outcomes after diagnosis. Altered levels of circulating factors are strongly implicated, including insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1, leptin, adiponectin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6). In addition, increasing attention has focused on the consequences of local adipose inflammation. Inflammatory foci characterized by crown-like structures consisting of dead adipocytes encircled by macrophages occur in white adipose depots, including the breast tissue, of most overweight and obese women. Saturated fatty acids, released as a consequence of obesity-associated lipolysis, induce macrophage activation via Toll-like receptor 4, thereby stimulating NF-κB signaling. This, in turn, activates transcription of proinflammatory genes including COX-2, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNFα. Elevated levels of proinflammatory mediators cause both local and systemic effects. Of particular relevance with regard to breast cancer is increased transcription of the CYP19 gene encoding aromatase, the rate-limiting enzyme for estrogen synthesis. Notably, this obesity-inflammation-aromatase axis provides a plausible explanation for increased rates of postmenopausal, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer associated with obesity and hence may offer targets for interventions to attenuate risk or improve prognosis. Potential approaches include weight reduction, exercise, and suppression of obesity-driven signaling pathways using pharmaceutical or dietary agents. A key future goal is to identify biomarkers that accurately report adipose inflammation, both for identification of at-risk individuals and to assess the efficacy of interventions. Clin Cancer Res; 19(22); 6074-83. ©2013 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise R Howe
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Cell & Developmental Biology and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College; and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Triple-negative breast cancer: new perspectives for novel therapies. Med Oncol 2013; 30:653. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0653-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Krishnan AV, Swami S, Feldman D. Equivalent anticancer activities of dietary vitamin D and calcitriol in an animal model of breast cancer: importance of mammary CYP27B1 for treatment and prevention. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 136:289-95. [PMID: 22939886 PMCID: PMC3554854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Calcitriol [1,25(OH)2D3], the hormonally active form of vitamin D exerts anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory effects and other anticancer actions in breast cancer (BCa) cell cultures and animal models of BCa. Our research is focused on investigating the potential beneficial effects of dietary vitamin D3 compared to calcitriol and the underlying mechanisms in BCa treatment and chemoprevention. We recently found that dietary vitamin D3 exhibits significant tumor inhibitory effects in xenograft models of BCa that are equivalent to those elicited by the administration of the active hormone calcitriol. At the easily achievable dose tested in our studies, dietary vitamin D3 exhibited substantial tumor inhibitory activity and, unlike calcitriol, did not cause hypercalcemia demonstrating its relative safety. We found elevations in circulating calcitriol as well as increased CYP27B1 expression in the tumor and the intestine in tumor-bearing mice ingesting a vitamin D3-supplemented diet. We hypothesize that the elevation in circulating 25(OH)D induced by dietary vitamin D3 supplements stimulates local synthesis of calcitriol in the mammary tumor microenvironment and the ensuing paracrine/autocrine actions play a major role in the anticancer activity of dietary vitamin D3. Our findings suggest that the endocrine activity of calcitriol derived from tumor and other extra-renal sources such as the intestine, probably also plays a role in mediating the anticancer effects of dietary vitamin D3. Thus it appears that multiple sites of 1α-hydroxylation contribute to the anticancer effects of dietary vitamin D3. Our data strongly suggest that dietary vitamin D will be useful in the chemoprevention and treatment of BCa since it is a safe, economical and easily available nutritional agent that is equivalent to calcitriol in exerting anticancer effects, at least in mouse models. Furthermore, adequate vitamin D nutrition and avoidance of vitamin D deficiency appear to be important in reducing BCa risk. These findings warrant clinical trials in BCa patients and in women at high risk for BCa to evaluate the benefits of dietary vitamin D3 supplementation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Vitamin D Workshop'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Feldman
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to: David Feldman, MD, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room S025, Stanford CA 94305-5103, Fax: 650 725 7085,
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Beccari S, Kovalszky I, Wade JD, Otvos L, Surmacz E. Designer peptide antagonist of the leptin receptor with peripheral antineoplastic activity. Peptides 2013; 44:127-34. [PMID: 23567149 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The obesity hormone leptin has been implicated in the development and progression of different cancer types, and preclinical studies suggest that targeting leptin signaling could be a new therapeutic option for the treatment of cancer, especially in obese patients. To inhibit pro-neoplastic leptin activity, we developed leptin receptor (ObR) peptide antagonists capable of blocking leptin effects in vitro and in vivo. Our lead compound (Allo-aca), however, crosses the blood-brain-barrier (BBB), inducing undesirable orexigenic effects and consequent weight gain. Thus, redesigning Allo-aca to uncouple its central and peripheral activities should produce a superior compound for cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to generate novel Allo-aca analogs and test their biodistribution in vivo and anti-neoplastic activity in vitro in breast and colorectal cancer cells. Examination of several Allo-aca analogs resulted in the identification of the peptidomimetic, d-Ser, that distributed only in the periphery of experimental animals. d-Ser inhibited leptin-dependent-proliferation of ObR-positive breast and colorectal cancer cells in vitro at 1nM concentration without exhibiting any partial agonistic activity. d-Ser efficacy was demonstrated in monolayer and three-dimensional cultures, and its antiproliferative action was associated with the inhibition of several leptin-induced pathways, including JAK/STAT3, MAPK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT, cyclin D1, and E-cadherin. In conclusion, d-Ser is the first leptin-based peptidomimetic featuring peripheral ObR antagonistic activity. The novel peptide may serve as a prototype to develop new therapeutics, particularly for the management of obesity-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Beccari
- Temple University, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Reserach and Molecular Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
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Saleh AD, Simone BA, Palazzo J, Savage JE, Sano Y, Dan T, Jin L, Champ CE, Zhao S, Lim M, Sotgia F, Camphausen K, Pestell RG, Mitchell JB, Lisanti MP, Simone NL. Caloric restriction augments radiation efficacy in breast cancer. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:1955-63. [PMID: 23708519 PMCID: PMC3735710 DOI: 10.4161/cc.25016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary modification such as caloric restriction (CR) has been shown to decrease tumor initiation and progression. We sought to determine if nutrient restriction could be used as a novel therapeutic intervention to enhance cytotoxic therapies such as radiation (IR) and alter the molecular profile of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which displays a poor prognosis. In two murine models of TNBC, significant tumor regression is noted with IR or diet modification, and a greater regression is observed combining diet modification with IR. Two methods of diet modification were compared, and it was found that a daily 30% reduction in total calories provided more significant tumor regression than alternate day feeding. At the molecular level, tumors treated with CR and IR showed less proliferation and more apoptosis. cDNA array analysis demonstrated the IGF-1R pathway plays a key role in achieving this physiologic response, and multiple members of the IGF-1R pathway including IGF-1R, IRS, PIK3ca and mTOR were found to be downregulated. The innovative use of CR as a novel therapeutic option has the potential to change the biology of tumors and enhance the opportunity for clinical benefit in the treatment of patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Saleh
- Radiation Oncology Brach, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Baumann J, Sevinsky C, Conklin DS. Lipid biology of breast cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:1509-17. [PMID: 23562840 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in lipid metabolism have been reported in many types of cancer. Lipids have been implicated in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation, autophagy, motility and membrane homeostasis. It is required that their biosynthesis is tightly regulated to ensure homeostasis and to prevent unnecessary energy expenditure. This review focuses on the emerging understanding of the role of lipids and lipogenic pathway regulation in breast cancer, including parallels drawn from the study of metabolic disease models, and suggestions on how these findings can potentially be exploited to promote gains in HER2/neu-positive breast cancer research. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Lipid Metabolism in Cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Baumann
- Cancer Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
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Santillán-Benítez JG, Mendieta-Zerón H, Gómez-Oliván LM, Torres-Juárez JJ, González-Bañales JM, Hernández-Peña LV, Ordóñez-Quiroz A. The tetrad BMI, leptin, leptin/adiponectin (L/A) ratio and CA 15-3 are reliable biomarkers of breast cancer. J Clin Lab Anal 2013; 27:12-20. [PMID: 23292756 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have reported that leptin levels, the leptin/adiponectin (L/A) ratio and carbohydrate antigen (CA) 15-3 are especially elevated in breast cancer patients with high body mass index (BMI). The purpose of this study was to evaluate BMI, leptin, L/A ratio and CA 15-3 all together as reliable biomarkers for breast cancer. METHODS Serum levels of leptin, adiponectin and CA 15-3, as well as anthropometric and biochemical parameters were analysed in 88 female patients who participated in a mammography study. Predictive values of BMI, leptin, L/A ratio and CA 15-3 were determined with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS Women were diagnosed with either breast cancer (n = 40) or benign breast lesions (n = 48). Among anthropometric parameters, age (P ≤ 0.001), weight (P ≤ 0.05) and waist circumference (P ≤ 0.02) were higher in patients with breast cancer than in patients without this pathology. The 75th percentile values for BMI, leptin, L/A ratio and CA 15-3 were 29.24 kg/m(2), 26.65 ng/ml, 2.37 and 18.45 IU, respectively. The suggested odds ratio for breast cancer patients with the values that were above the 75th percentile of the tetrad was 6.7 (0.7505-60.0665 confidence interval). CONCLUSION When the four variables were analysed together, a sensitivity of 83.3%, specificity of 80%, positive predictive value of 83.3% and negative predictive value of 80% were obtained. Results indicate that using the 75th percentile set points for BMI, leptin, L/A ratio and CA 15-3 together could offer a reliable approach to determine which women are at high risk for developing breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonnathan G Santillán-Benítez
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Medical Research Center (CICMED), Autonomous University of the State of Mexico (UAEMex), Toluca, México.
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Karimi N, Roshan VD. Change in adiponectin and oxidative stress after modifiable lifestyle interventions in breast cancer cases. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:2845-50. [PMID: 23803042 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.5.2845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most frequent diseases in women today. Little information exists on modifiable lifestyle factors including effects of ginger supplements (as an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory herbal) and water-based exercise on biomarkers related to oxidative stress such as malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and adiponectin in obese women with breast cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the single and concomitant effect of 6-wks water-based exercise and oral ginger supplement on the aforesaid markers in obese women with breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty women diagnosed with breast cancer (48 ± 5.4 years, 76 ± 9 kg, fat mass 41.8 ± 4%), volunteered to participate in the study. Subjects were randomly assigned into four groups; placebo, water-based exercise, ginger supplement and water-based exercise+ginger supplement groups. Subjects in the ginger supplement group and the water-based exercise+ginger supplement group orally received 4 capsules (each capsule contained 750 mg), 7 days a week for 6 weeks. The water-based exercise program featured progressive increase in intensity and time, ranging from 50% to 75% of heart rate reserve, in a pool with 15 meters width, 4 times a week for 6 weeks. Fasting blood samples were collected at pre-test and post-test time points. RESULTS The ginger supplementation and or the water-base exercise resulted in an increase of adiponectin, NO and GPx and reduction MDA, as compared to pre-test values. However, the combined intervention (water-base exercise and ginger supplement) group showed significantly a far better effect on the biomarkers related to oxidative stress and adiponectin levels, as compared to the water- base exercise or ginger supplement alone groups and the age-matched placebo group. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that water-base exercise is a non-drug therapeutic strategy to reduce systemic stress in obese women suffering from breast cancer. Further, ginger supplementation alone or in combination with training, also play an important role in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress in obese women diagnosed with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Karimi
- College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Department of Sport Physiology, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
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Oxidized LDL triggers pro-oncogenic signaling in human breast mammary epithelial cells partly via stimulation of MiR-21. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46973. [PMID: 23091604 PMCID: PMC3473036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia and obesity are primary risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis and are also epidemiologically linked to increased susceptibility to a variety of cancers including breast cancer. One of the prominent features of dyslipidemia is enhanced production of oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), which has been shown to be implicated in key steps of atherogenesis including inflammatory signaling and proliferation of vascular cells. In this study we analyzed the effects of ox-LDL in human mammary epithelial cells (MCF10A). MCF10A cells avidly internalized dil-ox-LDL and exhibited increased proliferative response to ox-LDL within the range of 1–50 µg/ml in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of cells with 20 µg/ml ox-LDL for 2 and 12 hours was associated with upregulation of LOX-1 and CD36 scavenger receptors while MSR1 and CXLC16 receptors did not change. Ox-LDL-treated cells displayed significant upregulation of NADPH oxidases (subunits P22phox and P47phox), lipoxygenases-12 and -15, and cytoplasmic, but not mitochondrial, SOD. Ox-LDL also triggered phosphorylation of IκBα coupled with nuclear translocation of NF-κB and stimulated p44/42 MAPK, PI3K and Akt while intracellular PTEN (PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor and target of miR-21) declined. Quantitative PCR revealed increased expression of hsa-miR-21 in ox-LDL treated cells coupled with inhibition of miR-21 target genes. Further, transfection of MCF10A cells with miR-21 inhibitor prevented ox-LDL mediated stimulation of PI3K and Akt. We conclude that, similarly to vascular cells, mammary epithelial cells respond to ox-LDL by upregulation of proliferative and pro-inflammatory signaling. We also report for the first time that part of ox-LDL triggered reactions in MCF10A cells is mediated by oncogenic hsa-miR-21 through inhibition of its target gene PTEN and consequent activation of PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Chen CT, Du Y, Yamaguchi H, Hsu JM, Kuo HP, Hortobagyi GN, Hung MC. Targeting the IKKβ/mTOR/VEGF signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic strategy for obesity-related breast cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 11:2212-21. [PMID: 22826466 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Clinical correlation studies have clearly shown that obesity is associated with breast cancer risk and patient survival. Although several potential mechanisms linking obesity and cancers have been proposed, the detailed molecular mechanism of obesity-mediated breast tumorigenesis has not yet been critically evaluated. In this study, we evaluated the effects of obesity on mammary tumor initiation and progression using mice with genetic and diet-induced obesity bearing mammary tumor xenografts and mouse mammary tumor virus-neu transgenic mice that were fed a high-fat diet. We show that obesity promoted mammary tumor growth and development in these animal models. Moreover, the expressions of TNFα, VEGF, IKKβ, and mTOR are upregulated in mammary tumors of obese mice, suggesting that the IKKβ/mTOR/VEGF signaling pathway is activated by TNFα in the tumors of obese mice. More importantly, inhibitors (rapamycin, bevacizumab, and aspirin) that target members of the pathway suppressed tumorigenesis and prolonged survival more effectively in obese mice than in nonobese mice. Here, we not only identified a specific signaling pathway that contributes to mammary tumorigenesis in obese mice but also a strategy for treating obesity-mediated breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Te Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Unit 0079, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Skelhorne-Gross G, Reid AL, Apostoli AJ, Di Lena MA, Rubino RE, Peterson NT, Schneider M, SenGupta SK, Gonzalez FJ, Nicol CJB. Stromal adipocyte PPARγ protects against breast tumorigenesis. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:1412-20. [PMID: 22581835 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ regulates the expression of genes essential for fat storage, primarily through its activity in adipocytes. It also has a role in carcinogenesis. PPARγ normally stops the in vivo progression of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-mediated breast tumours as revealed with PPARγ haploinsufficient mice. Since many cell types associated with the mammary gland express PPARγ, each with unique signal patterns, this study aimed to define which tissues are required for PPARγ-dependent antitumour effects. Accordingly, adipocyte-specific PPARγ knockout (PPARγ-A KO) mice and their wild-type (PPARγ-WT) controls were generated, and treated with DMBA for 6 weeks to initiate breast tumorigenesis. On week 7, mice were randomized to continue on normal chow diet or one supplemented with rosiglitazone (ROSI), and followed for 25 weeks for tumour outcomes. In PPARγ-A KO versus PPARγ-WT mice, malignant mammary tumour incidence was significantly higher and mammary tumour latency was decreased. DMBA + ROSI treatment reduced average mammary tumour volumes by 50%. Gene expression analyses of mammary glands by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence indicated that untreated PPARγ-A KOs had significantly decreased BRCA1 expression in mammary stromal adipocytes. Compared with PPARγ-WT mice, serum leptin levels in PPARγ-A KOs were also significantly higher throughout the study. Together, these data are the first to suggest that in vivo PPARγ expression in mammary stromal adipocytes attenuates breast tumorigenesis through BRCA1 upregulation and decreased leptin secretion. This study supports a protective effect of activating PPARγ as a novel chemopreventive therapy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Skelhorne-Gross
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Richardson Laboratories, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Khvostova EP, Pustylnyak VO, Gulyaeva LF. Genetic Polymorphism of Estrogen Metabolizing Enzymes in Siberian Women with Breast Cancer. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2012; 16:167-73. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2011.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina P. Khvostova
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Research Department, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir O. Pustylnyak
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Research Department, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Lyudmila F. Gulyaeva
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Research Department, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Otvos L, Surmacz E. Targeting the leptin receptor: a potential new mode of treatment for breast cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2012; 11:1147-50. [PMID: 21916566 DOI: 10.1586/era.11.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
Aromatase is expressed in multiple tissues, indicating a crucial role for locally produced oestrogens in the differentiation, regulation and normal function of several organs and processes. This review is an overview of the role of aromatase in different tissues under normal physiological conditions and its contribution to the development of some oestrogen-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Stocco
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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Kafkas S, Dost T, Ozkayran H, Yenisey C, Tuncyurek P, Birincioglu M. Effect of estrogen therapy on adipocytokines in ovariectomized-aged rats. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2011; 38:231-8. [PMID: 22136746 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2011.01696.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Obesity is a chronic disease that is characterized by excessive accumulation of body fat. The physiological changes associated with estrogen deprivation in menopause have a significant impact on total body fat and adipose tissue distribution. Adipocytokines, such as adiponectin and leptin are related to adipose tissue, and their levels are affected by estrogen. The aim of the present study was to investigate the alteration of adipocytokine levels with estrogen therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Aged Wistar albino rats were divided into two main groups: control (C) and ovariectomized (OVX). Six months after ovariectomy, the ovariectomized group was divided into four subgroups: two ovariectomized groups received saline (OVX) and sesame oil (OVX+S.oil), and two groups received physiological dose (OVX+PhyE2) and pharmacological dose (OVX+PharmE2) estrogen (2 and 20µg/kg per day, respectively). Body weight was monitored weekly for 6weeks. Adiponectin, leptin and homocysteine levels were measured from blood samples before and after treatment. RESULTS Body weight increased in OVX, OVX+S.oil and OVX+PhyE2 over 6weeks (P<0.001). Adiponectin levels were significantly decreased in the OVX+S.oil and OVX+PhyE2 groups (P=0.017 and P=0.008, respectively). Leptin level was significantly decreased in the OVX+PharmE2 group (P=0.042). Homocysteine level was decreased in the OVX+S.oil group (P=0.037). CONCLUSION Adipocytokines may play a role in the pathogenesis of cancer or obesity-related complications in menopause. Estrogen therapy may reduce these complications by changing the levels of adipocytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samet Kafkas
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology Pharmacology Biochemistry General Surgery, School of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey.
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Increased BMI correlates with higher risk of disease relapse and differentiation syndrome in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia treated with the AIDA protocols. Blood 2011; 119:49-54. [PMID: 22049518 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-07-369595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether body mass index (BMI) correlates with distinct outcomes in newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The study population included 144 patients with newly diagnosed and genetically confirmed APL consecutively treated at a single institution. All patients received All-trans retinoic acid and idarubicin according to the GIMEMA protocols AIDA-0493 and AIDA-2000. Outcome estimates according to the BMI were carried out together with multivariable analysis for the risk of relapse and differentiation syndrome. Fifty-four (37.5%) were under/normal weight (BMI < 25), whereas 90 (62.5%) patients were overweight/obese (BMI ≥ 25). An increased BMI was associated with older age (P < .0001) and male sex (P = .02). BMI was the most powerful predictor of differentiation syndrome in multivariable analysis (odds ratio = 7.24; 95% CI, 1.50-34; P = .014). After a median follow-up of 6 years, the estimated cumulative incidence of relapse at 5 years was 31.6% (95% CI, 22.7%-43.8%) in overweight/obese and 11.2% (95% CI, 5.3%-23.8%) in underweight/normal weight patients (P = .029). Multivariable analysis showed that BMI was an independent predictor of relapse (hazard ratio = 2.45, 95% CI, 1.00-5.99, in overweight/obese vs under/normal weight patients, P = .049). An increased BMI at diagnosis is associated with a higher risk of developing differentiation syndrome and disease relapse in APL patients treated with AIDA protocols.
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Lokate M, Peeters PHM, Peelen LM, Haars G, Veldhuis WB, van Gils CH. Mammographic density and breast cancer risk: the role of the fat surrounding the fibroglandular tissue. Breast Cancer Res 2011; 13:R103. [PMID: 22030015 PMCID: PMC3262216 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Both the percent of mammographic density and absolute dense (fibroglandular) area are strong breast cancer risk factors. The role of non-dense (fat) breast tissue is not often investigated, but we hypothesize that this also influences risk. In this study we investigated the independent effects of dense and fat tissue, as well as their combined effect on postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Methods We performed a nested case-control study within the EPIC-NL cohort (358 postmenopausal breast cancer cases and 859 postmenopausal controls). We used multivariate logistic regression analyses to estimate breast cancer odds ratios adjusted for body mass index and other breast cancer risk factors. Results Large areas of dense (upper (Q5) vs lower quintile (Q1): OR 2.8 95% CI 1.7 to 4.8) and fat tissue (Q5 vs Q1: OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.3 to 4.2) were independently associated with higher breast cancer risk. The combined measure showed that the highest risk was found in women with both a large (above median) area of dense and fat tissue. Conclusions Fibroglandular and breast fat tissue have independent effects on breast cancer risk. The results indicate that the non-dense tissue, which represents the local breast fat, increases risk, even independent of body mass index (BMI). When studying dense breast tissue in relation to breast cancer risk, adjustment for non-dense tissue seems to change risk estimates to a larger extent than adjustment for BMI. This indicates that adjustment for non-dense tissue should be considered when studying associations between dense areas and breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariëtte Lokate
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Str. 6,131, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Otvos L, Haspinger E, La Russa F, Maspero F, Graziano P, Kovalszky I, Lovas S, Nama K, Hoffmann R, Knappe D, Cassone M, Wade J, Surmacz E. Design and development of a peptide-based adiponectin receptor agonist for cancer treatment. BMC Biotechnol 2011; 11:90. [PMID: 21974986 PMCID: PMC3198688 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-11-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin, a fat tissue-derived adipokine, exhibits beneficial effects against insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory conditions, and cancer. Circulating adiponectin levels are decreased in obese individuals, and this feature correlates with increased risk of developing several metabolic, immunological and neoplastic diseases. Thus, pharmacological replacement of adiponectin might prove clinically beneficial, especially for the obese patient population. At present, adiponectin-based therapeutics are not available, partly due to yet unclear structure/function relationships of the cytokine and difficulties in converting the full size adiponectin protein into a viable drug. RESULTS We aimed to generate adiponectin-based short peptide that can mimic adiponectin action and be suitable for preclinical and clinical development as a cancer therapeutic. Using a panel of 66 overlapping 10 amino acid-long peptides covering the entire adiponectin globular domain (residues 105-254), we identified the 149-166 region as the adiponectin active site. Three-dimensional modeling of the active site and functional screening of additional 330 peptide analogs covering this region resulted in the development of a lead peptidomimetic, ADP 355 (H-DAsn-Ile-Pro-Nva-Leu-Tyr-DSer-Phe-Ala-DSer-NH2). In several adiponectin receptor-positive cancer cell lines, ADP 355 restricted proliferation in a dose-dependent manner at 100 nM-10 μM concentrations (exceeding the effects of 50 ng/mL globular adiponectin). Furthermore, ADP 355 modulated several key signaling pathways (AMPK, Akt, STAT3, ERK1/2) in an adiponectin-like manner. siRNA knockdown experiments suggested that ADP 355 effects can be transmitted through both adiponectin receptors, with a greater contribution of AdipoR1. In vivo, intraperitoneal administration of 1 mg/kg/day ADP 355 for 28 days suppressed the growth of orthotopic human breast cancer xenografts by ~31%. The peptide displayed excellent stability (at least 30 min) in mouse blood or serum and did not induce gross toxic effects at 5-50 mg/kg bolus doses in normal CBA/J mice. CONCLUSIONS ADP 355 is a first-in-class adiponectin receptor agonist. Its biological activity, superior stability in biological fluids as well as acceptable toxicity profile indicate that the peptidomimetic represents a true lead compound for pharmaceutical development to replace low adiponectin levels in cancer and other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Otvos
- Temple University, Department of Biology, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Eva Haspinger
- Temple University, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- University of Verona, Department of Medical Oncology, 37189 Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca La Russa
- Temple University, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- University of Verona, Department of Medical Oncology, 37189 Verona, Italy
| | - Federica Maspero
- Temple University, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- University of Verona, Department of Medical Oncology, 37189 Verona, Italy
| | - Patrizia Graziano
- Temple University, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- University of Verona, Department of Medical Oncology, 37189 Verona, Italy
| | - Ilona Kovalszky
- Semmelweis University Medical School, 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sandor Lovas
- Creighton University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Kaushik Nama
- Temple University, Department of Biology, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Leipzig University, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Daniel Knappe
- Leipzig University, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Marco Cassone
- Temple University, Department of Biology, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - John Wade
- Florey Neuroscience Institutes, Melbourne, 2010 Victoria, Australia
| | - Eva Surmacz
- Temple University, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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Yu ZB, Han SP, Zhu GZ, Zhu C, Wang XJ, Cao XG, Guo XR. Birth weight and subsequent risk of obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2011; 12:525-42. [PMID: 21438992 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2011.00867.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the association between birth weight (BW) and obesity. Screening of 478 citations from five electronic databases resulted in the inclusion of 33 studies, most of medium quality. The meta-analysis included 20 of these published studies. The 13 remaining articles did not provide sufficient dichotomous data and were systematically reviewed, revealing results consistent with the meta-analysis. Our results revealed that high BW (>4000 g) was associated with increased risk of obesity (odds ratio [OR], 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.91-2.24) compared with subjects with BW ≤ 4000 g. Low BW (<2500 g) was associated with decreased risk of obesity (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.46-0.80) compared with subjects with BW ≥ 2500 g. However, when two studies exhibited selection bias were removed, the results indicated no significant association between low BW and obesity (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.58-1.04). Sensitivity analyses showed that differences in the study design, sample size and quality grade of the study had an effect on the low BW/obesity association, which low BW was not associated with the risk of obesity in cohort studies, studies with large sample sizes and studies with high quality grades. Pooled results were similar when normal birth weight (2500-4000 g) was used as the reference category. Subgroup analyses based on different growth and developmental stages (pre-school children, school children and adolescents) also revealed that high BW was associated with increased risk of obesity from childhood to early adulthood. No significant evidence of publication bias was present. These results suggest that high BW is associated with increased risk of obesity and may serve as a mediator between prenatal influences and later disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z B Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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