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Bistricky SL, Sublett LW, Moreno GL, Palmer LE, Marek RJ. Self-Other Balance in Context: A Quiet Ego May Be Meaningful and Adaptive in Latinx/Hispanic Cultures and Work Settings. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:1771-1795. [PMID: 36476174 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221144605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Quiet ego is a relatively novel, increasingly studied, multi-dimensional concept characterized by a compassionate, interdependent worldview and an adaptive balance between self-interest and concern for others. Quiet ego has been associated with a range of characteristics that can promote relationship quality, responding effectively in the face of challenges, and greater well-being. However, it is currently unknown to what extent quiet ego translates across cultures and settings. The present research leverages cultural and organizational theories to evaluate the conceptual and structural validity of quiet ego for Latinx/Hispanic individuals in the U.S. and to examine relationships among quiet ego, work supervisor relationship quality, and goals in the workplace. Employed college student participants (n = 831; nLatinx/Hispanic = 305) completed an online survey, and collected data were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis. Findings confirmed the overall structural model of quiet ego with four primary dimensions (perspective taking, inclusive identity, detached awareness, and growth-mindedness) and indicated that this structure did not differ between Latinx/Hispanic and non-Latinx/Hispanic subsamples. Further, results cohered with the proposed model suggesting that quiet ego might facilitate relationship quality with a workplace supervisor, which, in turn could foster balanced, intrinsically motivating perceptions that one's work goals benefit both oneself and others (mutual gain motivation). The study suggests that quiet ego may be a construct with meaning and utility in Latinx/Hispanic populations and in employment settings. However, further research is needed, and specific suggestions for future study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Bistricky
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA; Lyda Hill Institute for Human Resilience, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA; Department of Clinical, Health, and Applied Sciences, University of Houston-Clear Lake, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lisa W Sublett
- Department of Clinical, Health, and Applied Sciences, University of Houston-Clear Lake, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Georgina L Moreno
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston-Clear Lake, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lauren E Palmer
- Department of Clinical, Health, and Applied Sciences, University of Houston-Clear Lake, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ryan J Marek
- Department of Clinical, Health, and Applied Sciences, University of Houston-Clear Lake, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Primary Care and Clinical Medicine, Sam Houston State University, Conroe, TX, USA
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Pnishi I, Shala M, Morina N, Maercker A, Heim E. Cultural concepts of distress among Albanian young adults living in Switzerland - a qualitative study. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1321452. [PMID: 38770258 PMCID: PMC11104449 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1321452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Existing research recognizes the critical role that social, sociodemographic, and acculturative processes play in increasing vulnerability for experiencing psychological distress among second-generation migrants. However, to date, far too little attention has been given to the study of psychological distress in this social group. The main objective of this study is to examine cultural identities, as well as expressions and causes of psychological distress among second-generation Albanian-speaking migrants in Switzerland. Methods Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 13 Albanian-speaking participants between 19 and 35 years of age using the interview of the Barts Explanatory Model Inventory. Data were analyzed by qualitative content analysis using MAXQDA-2018 software. Findings Study participants showed bicultural identities, which caused value conflicts and a feeling of being "caught" between Swiss and Albanian culture. Some participants experienced the fear of disappointing their parents. Others find it difficult to deal with conflicting norms and values. Parentification was another important cause within their cultural concept of distress. At the same time, (implicit) social support, i.e., spending time with the family and the community, was an important coping mechanism. Conclusion Second-generation immigrants are exposed to specific risk factors for psychological distress. A better understanding of these risk factors and their coping mechanisms is essential for providing them with meaningful support services, both in prevention and psychotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imer Pnishi
- Department of Psychology, Division of Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mirëlinda Shala
- Department of Psychology, Division of Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Naser Morina
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Maercker
- Department of Psychology, Division of Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eva Heim
- Institute of Psychology, Division of Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Streit C, Davis AN, Carlo G. Gender-Specific Patterns of Relations among Acculturative Stress, Family Processes, and Prosocial Behaviors in Latinx Youth. J Genet Psychol 2024; 185:50-64. [PMID: 37688377 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2023.2254812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to examine the direct and indirect relations between acculturative stress and Latinx youth prosocial tendencies. In addition, we considered family conflict, parental support, and parental psychological control as explanatory mechanisms. Participants included 306 (53.8% female, Mage = 15.50, SD = .42; range = 14 to 18) Latinx adolescents and their parents (87.9% mothers). The majority of adolescents were born in the U.S. (n = 206, 68.0%; average time in U.S. = 10 years) and identified as a Mexican heritage group member (n = 248, 81.0%). Findings differed by youth gender and suggest that for boys, parental support (but not psychological control) serves as underlying mechanism in the effects of acculturative stress and family conflict on youth's prosocial behaviors. Contrastingly, for girls, parental support (but not psychological control) serves as underlying mechanism in the negative effects of family conflict (but not acculturative stress) on youth's prosocial behaviors. The findings are discussed in the context of the need for integrative theories that account for cultural, family and gender-related socialization mechanisms to better understand prosocial behaviors among Latinx youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Streit
- Department of Individual, Family, and Community Education, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Alexandra N Davis
- Department of Individual, Family, and Community Education, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Gustavo Carlo
- School of Education, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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Zapata JP, Queiroz A, Rodriguez-Diaz CE, Mustanski B. Factors Associated with HIV Testing Among Spanish and English-Speaking Latino Adolescents Aged 13-18. AIDS Behav 2024; 28:343-356. [PMID: 37848599 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-023-04206-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent Latino men who have sex with men (LMSM) in the U.S. are disproportionately impacted by HIV. However, there has been limited focus on their HIV prevention and risk behaviors. In this study, we examine the rates of HIV testing and explore the significant demographic and healthcare factors that influence HIV prevention among adolescent LMSM. The analysis for this study utilized data collected during the baseline assessment of SMART, a pragmatic trial aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of an online HIV prevention intervention for adolescent LMSM (N = 524). Only 35.5% of participants had ever had an HIV test in their lifetime. Rates of testing increased among adolescent LMSM who had a doctor with whom they spoke about their sexual health (odds ratio: 4.0; 95% confidence interval: 2.1-8.4; P < 0.001) or HIV testing (odds ratio: 5.8; 95% confidence interval: 3.1-10.7; P < 0.001). Out of the 61 participants who took part in the survey conducted in Spanish, only 26% reported ever having an HIV test. Additionally, 24.5% stated that they had discussed their sexual orientation with a doctor, and only 8.2% had undergone HIV testing. Spanish-speaking adolescents who completed the SMART survey were less likely to openly discuss their sexual orientation or sexual health with most people or have a doctor with whom they discussed these topics, compared to those who completed the survey in English. These findings suggest that Spanish-speaking adolescent LMSM may face obstacles in accessing HIV prevention services in the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Zapata
- Department of Medical Social Science and the Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, 625 N Michigan Ave, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Artur Queiroz
- Department of Medical Social Science and the Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, 625 N Michigan Ave, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carlos E Rodriguez-Diaz
- School of Public Health, Boston University, 801 Massachusetts Ave. Suite 431, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Mustanski
- Department of Medical Social Science and the Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, 625 N Michigan Ave, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Harris KM, Chen P. The acculturation gap of parent-child relationships in immigrant families: A national study. FAMILY RELATIONS 2023; 72:1748-1772. [PMID: 37994316 PMCID: PMC10662673 DOI: 10.1111/fare.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Objective We examined the acculturation processes involving intergenerational consonance and dissonance in parent-child relationships in U.S. immigrant families. Background This study is important because we lack national studies that examine the association between acculturation processes and intergenerational relationships among diverse racial/ethnic groups in immigrant families. Method Using national data from Add Health with diverse race/ethnicity, we measured acculturation levels by immigrant generation, age of arrival, and length of time. Intergenerational consonance (the degree to which children and parents share the same values and activities) was measured by family cohesion and sharing meals (specifically dinners) with parents. Intergenerational dissonance (the degree to which parents and children differ in expected norms and parents lose authority over their children) was measured by parent-child conflict and parental control. Ordinary least square, binary logistic, ordered logistic, and Poisson regressions were conducted depending on the nature of the four dependent variables. Results We found robust evidence that adolescents of the second immigrant generation acculturate more rapidly than those of the first generation and their immigrant parents creating a "gap" in intergenerational relationships. Thus, second-generation adolescents experience lower levels of family cohesion, less frequency of sharing weekly dinners with parents, less parental control of adolescents' activities, and more serious arguments about their behaviors with their parents than their first-generation counterparts. Conclusion This is the new evidence that is based on national data, across multiple measures of intergenerational relationships, and holds for diverse racial and ethnic groups. Implications The findings underscore the importance of developing culturally informed interventions supporting healthy parent-child relationships in immigrant families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Mullan Harris
- Department of Sociology and The Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Ping Chen
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Solhi M, Taghipour A, Mahdizadeh M. Adolescents' Perspectives on Facilitators and Barriers to Social Health in the Family: A Qualitative Study. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2023; 26:396-402. [PMID: 38301099 PMCID: PMC10685821 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2023.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family plays the most fundamental role in the adolescent's health. A deep understanding of family characteristics, beliefs, and function about the adolescent social health provides a framework, relying on which one can perceive how this dimension of health is developed and promoted in this setting. In this study, we aimed to understand the family context that facilitates or limits adolescent social health. METHODS Fifty-four adolescents and fifteen parents participated using a purposive sampling method. The findings were collected through semi-structured interviews and group discussions. The data was analyzed through conventional content analysis by the MAXQDA10 software. RESULTS Healthy and unhealthy family reactions are the two main categories that facilitate and limit the adolescents' social health. Sub-categories of healthy reactions included effective guidance, cultural safeguard, and accountable interactions. The unhealthy family reactions included sub-categories of poor intergenerational perception and passive parenting. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that the family context of the adolescent's social health ranged from healthy to unhealthy responses. These results can contribute to improving and designing interventions for promoting the adolescent's social health. It is essential for policymakers and health experts to pay attention to the family empowerment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Solhi
- Air Pollution Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Taghipour
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrsadat Mahdizadeh
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Marquez B, Lebensohn-Chialvo F, Huang X, Zhang X, Allison M. Improving Relational Functioning in Mother-Daughter Dyads With Obesity. FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH 2023; 46:103-111. [PMID: 36799943 PMCID: PMC10959269 DOI: 10.1097/fch.0000000000000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Family-level interventions have the potential to address intergenerational obesity among Mexican American women. Given that poor family functioning is associated with worse weight loss outcomes, this study tested a weight management program aimed at improving relational functioning in mothers and daughters with obesity. Mexican American mothers and their adult daughters were randomly assigned to participate in a 16-week group-based standard behavioral (SB) weight loss program without or with relationship skills training (SRT). Relational functioning was assessed via observational behavioral coding using the Global Structural Family Rating Scale. General relational functioning and specifically positive alliance patterns and conflict avoidance improved significantly more in the SRT group than in the SB group. Average weight changes included percent weight loss of -5.6% in the SRT group versus -3.9% in the SB group and body mass index reduction of -2.2 kg/m2 in the SRT group versus -1.2 kg/m2 in the SB group. More participants in the SRT group (75%) than in the SB group (40%) tended to achieve at least 3% weight loss. Greater changes in positive alliance patterns increased the likelihood of losing 3% of body weight. Improving relational functioning in mother-daughter dyads may promote favorable outcomes in a behavioral weight loss intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky Marquez
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health & Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Florencia Lebensohn-Chialvo
- Department of Counseling & Marital and Family Therapy Program, University of San Diego, San Diego, United States of America
| | - Xinyi Huang
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health & Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Xinlian Zhang
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health & Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Matthew Allison
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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Roth KB, Sanchez E, Musci RJ. The differential relationship of common health comorbidities with acculturative experiences in United States Latinxs. SSM Popul Health 2022; 19:101179. [PMID: 35941995 PMCID: PMC9356214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
•A novel conceptualization of acculturation and related experiences is related to comorbidity.•Different patterns emerge in the relationship between acculturative experiences and health.•Toxic stress and social support may play differential roles in the risk for health comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly B. Roth
- Washington University in St. Louis, Brown School of Social Work, Center for Mental Health Services and Research, Campus Box 1196, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Elizabeth Sanchez
- University of Chicago, Crown Family School of Social Work, Policy, and Practice, 969 E 60th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Rashelle J. Musci
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Mental Health, 624 N Broadway Suite 850, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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Barton A, Novoa O, Sanchez M, Romano E, Cano M. Impact of pre-migration assets and pre-migration trauma on acculturative stress among recent Latinx immigrant young adults. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2022; 27:1410-1427. [PMID: 33550826 PMCID: PMC10616781 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2021.1881766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-migration trauma is associated with adverse mental health outcomes among Latinx immigrants. Pre-migration assets like family cohesion and social support may promote positive mental health outcomes in this population. The current study aims to identify the cumulative and interaction effects of pre-migration trauma, social support, and family cohesion on acculturative stress among recent Latinx immigrants (RLIs). METHOD The current study utilizes baseline data from an on-going longitudinal study following 540 RLIs during their initial 3 years in the U.S. Simple main effects of the predictor variables on acculturative stress were estimated using hierarchical multiple regression (HMR). Predictor variables were entered into the HMR model as follows: (1) demographic variables were entered in the first block, (2) family cohesion and social support in the second block and (3) pre-migration trauma in the third block. Interaction effects between family cohesion and social support on the association between pre-migration trauma and acculturative stress were examined. RESULTS Results showed that 20.6% of the variance of acculturative stress was explained by the predictor variables entered into the HMR model. The first predictor block included demographic variables and explained 13.5% of the variability in acculturative stress, R2 = 13.5, F(6, 521) = 13.55, p < .001. The second block added family cohesion and social support to the HMR model and showed an ΔR2 of 4.5%, R2 = 18.0, F(8, 519) = 14.22, p < .001. The third block added pre- migration trauma to the HMR model and showed an ΔR2 change of 2.6%, R2 = 20.6, F(9, 518) = 14.93, p < .001. Significant interaction effects were found for family cohesion among documented RLIs. Social support was not a significant moderator. CONCLUSION Study findings suggest pre-migration resources such as family cohesion and social support may ameliorate post-immigration acculturative stress among RLI, while pre-migration trauma, may exacerbate acculturative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Barton
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Osmari Novoa
- Robert Stempel College of College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University
| | - Mariana Sanchez
- Robert Stempel College of College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University
| | | | - Miguel Cano
- Robert Stempel College of College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University
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Godara M, Silveira S, Matthäus H, Singer T. The Wither or Thrive Model of Resilience: an Integrative Framework of Dynamic Vulnerability and Resilience in the Face of Repeated Stressors During the COVID-19 Pandemic. ADVERSITY AND RESILIENCE SCIENCE 2022; 3:261-282. [PMID: 35856054 PMCID: PMC9281234 DOI: 10.1007/s42844-022-00069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, empirical efforts in the psychological sciences have been unequivocally focused on understanding the psychosocial impact on resilience and vulnerability. While current empirical work is guided by different existing theoretical models of resilience and vulnerability, the emerging datasets have also pointed to a necessity for an update of these models. Due to the unique features and developments specific to the current pandemic such as the occurrence of repeated collective stressors of varying durations, in the current position paper, we introduce the Wither or Thrive model of Resilience (With:Resilience). It integrates key aspects of prevailing psychological resilience frameworks within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, and extends them by (1) moving away from single scale approaches towards a higher-order latent expression of resilience and vulnerability incorporating also non-clinical mental health markers, (2) proposing different trajectories of resilience-vulnerability emerging across repeated stressors over long periods of time, and (3) by incorporating multiple influencing factors including aspects of the socio-economic concept of social cohesion as well as separate mediating processing mechanisms. We propose that With:Resilience will enable a more nuanced approach and appropriate analytical investigation of the vast incoming data on mental health and resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic, and we suggest some concrete methodological approaches. This framework will assist in the development of actionable public health guidelines for society in the present and future pandemic contexts as well as aid policy making and the interventional sciences aimed at protecting the most vulnerable amongst us.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvika Godara
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, JFK Haus, Bertha-Benz-Str. 3, 10557 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarita Silveira
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, JFK Haus, Bertha-Benz-Str. 3, 10557 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannah Matthäus
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, JFK Haus, Bertha-Benz-Str. 3, 10557 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tania Singer
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, JFK Haus, Bertha-Benz-Str. 3, 10557 Berlin, Germany
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Marquez B, Benitez T, Lister Z. Acculturation, Communication Competence, and Family Functioning in Mexican-American Mother-Daughter Dyads. J Immigr Minor Health 2022; 24:580-587. [PMID: 34363574 PMCID: PMC9072505 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-021-01256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Little is known of how intergenerational acculturation discrepancy relates to communication skills differences that may influence relationship quality among parents and adult children. Mexican-American mother-daughter dyads (n = 59) were studied using the Actor Partner Interdependence Model to examine dyadic associations of acculturation and communication competence with family functioning and mediation analysis to determine the indirect effect of acculturation discrepancy on family functioning through communication competence differences. Communication competence of mothers exerted significant actor and partner effects on daughter-perceived cohesion and closeness. Higher acculturation discrepancy predicted greater communication competence difference which in turn was associated with lower cohesion and closeness. There was a significant indirect effect of acculturation discrepancy on daughter-perceived cohesion through communication competence difference. Communication competence of mothers impacts their own as well as their daughters' perceptions of dyad cohesion and closeness. Intergenerational discrepant acculturation contributes to discordant communication skills that impair family functioning, which has implications for psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky Marquez
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Tanya Benitez
- School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Zephon Lister
- Department of Counseling and Family Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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Manzo G, Piña-Watson B, Gonzalez IM, Garcia A, Meza JI. Disentangling acculturation and enculturation intergenerational gaps: Examining mother-youth value discrepancies and mental health among Mexican-descent college students. J Clin Psychol 2021; 78:298-320. [PMID: 34414572 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the acculturation gap hypothesis by examining mother-youth value discrepancies (both acculturative and enculturative) and their association with mother-youth acculturative conflict and youth mental health outcomes. METHOD Participants were 273 Mexican descent college students attending a large, public, Hispanic Serving Institution (HSI) in West Texas (72% women). The participants' ages ranged 18-25 years (M = 19.33 years; SD = 1.54 years). RESULTS Three models assessed the relationship between mother-youth value discrepancies and mental health outcomes (suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-injury, and depressive symptoms) as mediated by mother-youth acculturative conflict. Consistently, Mexican heritage cultural values were related to mental health outcomes while American cultural values were not. CONCLUSIONS The study found that increased mother-youth discrepancies on Mexican cultural values were associated with increased negative mental health outcomes. Our findings suggest that adopting or learning new mainstream American values does not substitute for the Mexican cultural values that protect against negative outcomes.
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Bayram Özdemir S, Özdemir M, Kharel N. Experiences of cultural clashes at home and ethnic victimization in school: "I live between two cultures, and neither of them understands me". New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2021; 2021:179-198. [PMID: 34050702 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to examine the extent to which adolescents of immigrant background experience acculturative stress (i.e., cultural clashes with parents and ethnic victimization in school) in multiple contexts, and the reasons why such stress takes a toll on their psychological functioning and views of themselves. The analytic sample includes adolescents of immigrant background residing in Sweden (N = 423, Mage = 13.19, SD = 0.51). Cluster analysis revealed five distinct groups of adolescents, based on their reports of cultural clashes with parents and ethnic victimization in school: (1) low on both acculturative stressors, (2) average on both acculturative stressors, (3) high on cultural clashes only, (4) high on ethnic victimization only, and (5) high on both acculturative stressors. Mediation analysis showed that adolescents who experienced cultural clashes at home and who were also victimized by their peers in school reported higher levels of feeling in between cultures than adolescents in all the other clusters (except those high on cultural clashes only), and in turn reported higher levels of depressive symptoms and lower levels of self-esteem. The present study highlights the importance of understanding immigrant youth's experiences across multiple contexts simultaneously in order to develop a holistic perspective on their adjustment and integration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bayram Özdemir
- Center for Lifespan Development Research, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, 702 81 Örebro, Sweden
| | - M Özdemir
- Center for Lifespan Development Research, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, 702 81 Örebro, Sweden
| | - N Kharel
- Center for Lifespan Development Research, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, 702 81 Örebro, Sweden
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Figge CJ, Martinez-Torteya C, Kosson DS. Parent Cultural Stress and Internalizing Problems in Latinx Preschoolers: Moderation by Maternal Involvement and Positive Verbalizations. J Immigr Minor Health 2020; 23:1035-1044. [PMID: 33108578 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-020-01118-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Parent cultural stress has a pervasive and significant impact on family functioning and increases risk for socioemotional problems among Latinx children. Identifying factors that can protect against the negative influence of cultural stressors and enhance the developmental trajectories of Latinx children early in life is key as these children experience disproportionate risk for psychosocial adversity and internalizing mental health problems. The present study evaluated the effect of maternal cultural stress on young children´s internalizing problems, and the moderating role of maternal parenting behaviors. Participants were 65 Latinx children (3 to 5 years old, 50% female) and their mothers (21 to 47 years old, 68% immigrants) recruited from three Head Start Centers in the Chicagoland Area. Mother-reported cultural stress predicted young children's internalizing problems. In addition, maternal self-reported involvement and observed maternal positive verbalizations during one-on-one interactions with the child moderated the effect of cultural stress on child internalizing symptoms. Findings are discussed in the context of efforts to promote family and child resilience and implications for culturally sensitive measurement and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb J Figge
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Cecilia Martinez-Torteya
- Department of Education, Universidad de Monterrey, Av. Ignacio Morones Prieto 4500 Pte Col, Jesús M. Garza (Asentamiento Irregular), 66238, San Pedro Garza García, N.L., Mexico
| | - David S Kosson
- College of Health Professions, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
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Riina EM, Lippert AM. Parent-child relationships in Latinx families: The role of immigrant concentration, residential stability, and generational status. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 48:2349-2363. [PMID: 32720383 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Prior research links neighborhood immigrant concentration and residential stability to individual health outcomes. It remains unclear how neighborhood social organization extend to family functioning among immigrant families. Expanding the scope of research on neighborhoods and family relationships, this study draws on data from 1417 Latinx families (Myouth age = 10.19 years, SDyouth age = 3.34) to: (1) examine associations between neighborhood immigrant concentration, residential stability, and parent-child warmth and conflict in Latinx families, and (2) test whether associations vary by family generational status. Multilevel mod3els revealed that associations between immigrant concentration and parent-child relationships were contingent on residential stability, and that the association differed according to generational status. In general, stable neighborhoods with larger immigrant populations were associated with more warmth and less conflict for first- and second-generation families relative to foreign-born families. Discussion centers on the conditional role of neighborhood structural characteristics for family relationships among Latinx families and advances directions for future research on neighborhoods and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Riina
- Department of Family, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, New York, USA
| | - Adam M Lippert
- Department of Sociology, University of Colorado, Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
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16
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Legatzke H, Gettler LT. Bilingual family communication and the impact of language anxiety on cortisol reactivity. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 33:e23493. [PMID: 32865305 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The effects of socially evaluated tasks on stress-related behavior and physiology are often studied under artificial experimental conditions, such as contrived public speaking. Less is known about these behavioral and physiological dimensions under more routine conditions, such as family interactions. Here, we tested whether language anxiety during bilingual family conversations correlated to cortisol reactivity and speech patterns and whether family members' ages moderated this effect. METHODS Individuals (N = 34) from Spanish-English bilingual families participated in prompted conversations in both languages with their family members and provided saliva that we assayed for cortisol. Participants responded to a survey about language anxiety, and we analyzed their conversations for code switching. We tested whether higher reported anxiety was correlated with increased cortisol reactivity and if participants' age moderated this effect. RESULTS Participants' reported language anxiety was not significantly correlated with cortisol reactivity after conversations in either language. However, age significantly moderated the effect of English language anxiety. Among younger individuals, higher English language anxiety was correlated with greater cortisol reactivity after the English conversations. Older individuals did not demonstrate this same pattern. Individuals who code-switched during the English conversations had higher English language anxiety than individuals who did not. Similar patterns were not observed for the Spanish conversations. CONCLUSIONS The physiological and verbal responses to English language anxiety may be reflective of the high pressure placed on English use among bilingual families in the U.S., and the greater cortisol reactivity of younger individuals suggests they may face more identity challenging acculturation pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Legatzke
- Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Lee T Gettler
- Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA.,The Eck Institute of Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA.,William J. Shaw Center for Children and Families, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, USA
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17
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Winstone LK, Luecken LJ, Crnic KA, Gonzales NA. Patterns of family negativity in the perinatal period: Implications for mental health among Mexican-origin women. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2020; 34:642-651. [PMID: 32162941 PMCID: PMC7373671 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Negativity in the family environment during the perinatal period is likely to have detrimental effects on maternal well-being, especially among low-income ethnic minority mothers who are at increased risk for experiencing postpartum depressive symptoms. With a sample of 322 Mexican and Mexican American families, this study used latent class growth analysis to identify meaningful subgroups of women based on their perceived family negativity reported prenatally and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 weeks postpartum. A 4-trajectory model of family negativity fit the data well: low-stable (58%), moderate-increasing (26%), high-decreasing (8%), and high-increasing (8%). Higher prenatal depressive symptomatology predicted membership in the moderate-increasing, high-decreasing, and high-increasing trajectories, relative to the low-stable trajectory. Findings suggest substantial heterogeneity in family negativity, identifying three significant growth patterns during the perinatal period with differential implications for maternal depressive symptomatology at 24 weeks and 12 months after delivery. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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18
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Streit C, Carlo G. Nativity as a Moderator of Familial and Nonfamilial Correlates of Latino/a Youth Prosocial Behaviors. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2020; 30:285-297. [PMID: 31246350 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Familial and nonfamilial relations play prominent roles in fostering youths' prosocial tendencies. The present study examined the direct and indirect relations among family conflict, parental and peer acceptance, deviant peer affiliation, and prosocial tendencies. Participants included 306 (53.8% female, Mage = 15.50, SD = .42; range = 14-18) U.S. Latino/a adolescents and their parents (87.9% mothers). The majority of adolescents were born in the United States (N = 206, 68.0%; average time in United States = 10 years) and identified as a Mexican heritage group member (N = 248, 81.0%). Findings differed by nativity as parental acceptance predicted prosocial tendencies for U.S. Latinos/as born outside the United States and peers were significant predictors of prosocial tendencies for U.S.-born Latino/as.
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Trauma, Post-Migration Stress, and Mental Health: A Comparative Analysis of Refugees and Immigrants in the United States. J Immigr Minor Health 2020; 21:909-919. [PMID: 30244330 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-018-0826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies describe mental health effects of pre-migration trauma and post-resettlement stress among refugees, yet less research examines these associations with non-refugee immigrants. Additionally, few studies assess the prevalence and impact of traumatic experiences after settlement in a new country. Using a U.S.-based representative sample of Asian (n = 1637) and Latino (n = 1620) refugees and immigrants, we investigated how traumatic events prior to and after migration, and post-migration stressors, are associated with mental illness and distress. Pre-migration trauma posed risk across a broad range of psychological outcomes for Asian refugees and Latino immigrants. Deleterious effects of post-migration trauma were notable for both groups of refugees and immigrants. Discrimination, acculturative stress, and family conflict increased risk for disorder and distress across groups in complex ways. Findings highlight the importance of examining trauma and stress at pre- and post-migration phases across migrant populations, including those not labeled as refugees.
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20
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Record-Lemon RM, Chevalier M, Mackenzie M, Moura ML, Pradhan K, Silva V, Young RA. Transition Processes and Outcomes for Immigrant and Refugee Youth: a Narrative Review from a Goal-Directed Perspective. JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND INTEGRATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12134-019-00743-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Bakhtiari F, Benner AD, Plunkett SW. Life Quality of University Students From Immigrant Families in the United States. FAMILY AND CONSUMER SCIENCES RESEARCH JOURNAL 2018; 46:331-346. [PMID: 38249429 PMCID: PMC10798651 DOI: 10.1111/fcsr.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The numbers of university students from immigrant families have been increasing in the United States, yet little research exists on factors influencing their life quality. Self-report data were collected from 2,210 students from one university in California. Direct effects of four contextual stressors (i.e., ethnic discrimination, parent-child cultural conflict, family disengagement, and family financial stress) were examined in relation to life quality. Also, the potential moderating and mediating role of perceived stress was examined, as well as the potential moderating role of students' generational status. The results provided strong support for mediation, showing contextual stressors influenced students' life quality through their perceived stress. Some evidence was found for moderation, showing the complex role of perceived stress. Generational status did not play a moderating role.
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22
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Badiee M, Andrade E. Microsystem and Macrosystem Predictors of Latinx College Students’ Depression and Anxiety. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1538192718765077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Latinx college students experience depression and anxiety similarly to other groups. Systemic factors (e.g., discrimination, family support) may exacerbate or protect from symptoms. We incorporated an ecological framework to assess family cohesion, social networks, acculturative stress, perceived discrimination, and foreigner objectification as predictors of depression and anxiety for Latinx students at a Hispanic Serving Institution (HSI). Only discrimination predicted depression and anxiety after controlling for age, gender, and birthplace. Educational and counseling implications are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edson Andrade
- California State University, San Bernardino, USA
- California State University, Fullerton, USA
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23
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Ansion M, Merali N. Latino immigrant parents’ experiences raising young children in the absence of extended family networks in Canada: Implications for counselling. COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY QUARTERLY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09515070.2017.1324760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariel Ansion
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Noorfarah Merali
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Nieri T, Grindal M, Adams MA, Cookston JT, Fabricius WV, Parke RD, Saenz DS. Reconsidering the "acculturation gap" narrative through an analysis of parent-adolescent acculturation differences in Mexican American families. JOURNAL OF FAMILY ISSUES 2016; 37:1919-1944. [PMID: 27695153 PMCID: PMC5040347 DOI: 10.1177/0192513x14551175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using a sample of 193 Mexican American adolescents (M age at Wave 1 = 14) and three waves of data over two years, this study longitudinally examined the effects of parent-youth acculturation differences, relative to no differences, on parent-adolescent relationship quality and youth problem behavior. We examined parent-youth differences in overall acculturation, Mexican acculturation, and American acculturation. We differentiated between cases in which the adolescent was more acculturated than the parent and cases in which the parent was more acculturated than the adolescent. Adolescents were more commonly similar to their parents than different. Where differences existed, adolescents were not uniformly more American than their parents, no type of difference was associated with parent-adolescent relationship quality, and no type of difference in overall acculturation was associated with youth problem behavior. One type of difference by dimension (adolescent had less Mexican acculturation than mother) was associated with less risk of problem behavior.
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25
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Williams LR, Rueda HA. Mexican American adolescent couples' vulnerability for observed negativity and physical violence: Pregnancy and acculturation mismatch. J Adolesc 2016; 52:170-81. [PMID: 27572956 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Stress and vulnerability for dating violence may be heightened among acculturating Mexican American (MA) adolescents, and MA adolescent parents, because of differing cultural values and norms within romantic relationships. We hypothesized, in a sample of MA heterosexual couples (N = 30, 15-17 years), that: 1) within-couple level acculturation discrepancies, and pregnancy/parenting, would predict physical violence perpetration, and 2) that this association would have an indirect effect through couple-level negativity during an observed dyadic video-taped discussion of conflict. Using a path model we found that pregnant/parenting adolescents (B = .37, SE = .16, p = .002), and couples with greater acculturation mismatch resulted in greater couple negativity (B = .16, SE = .06, p = .01), which was associated with self-reported physical violence perpetration (B = .41, SE = .22, p = .02; indirect effect, B = .15, SE = .07, p = .03). Within-couple acculturation discrepancies and pregnancy/parenting may be a pathway to dating violence through poor communication skills around conflict for MA youth. Support services that strengthen communication skills, particularly for pregnant/parenting couples, are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lela Rankin Williams
- School of Social Work Tucson, Arizona State University, 340 N Commerce Park Loop, Suite 250, Tucson, AZ 85745, USA.
| | - Heidi Adams Rueda
- Department of Social Work, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 501 W. César E. Chávez Blvd., San Antonio, TX 78207, USA.
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26
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Bakhtiari F, Plunkett SW, Alpizar D. Family Qualities, Self-Deprecation, and Depressive Symptoms of Zoroastrian Young Adults in Immigrant Families. J Immigr Minor Health 2016; 19:645-654. [PMID: 27488835 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-016-0476-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine family qualities and self-deprecation in relation to depressive symptoms of young adult Zoroastrians from immigrant families in North America. Using snowball sampling and online surveys, self-report data were collected from 171 Zoroastrian young adults (i.e., 18-30 years old) about their perception of cohesion in their families, conflict with their parents, and the extent that they met parental general expectations (e.g., not embarrassing the family). The findings from a path analysis showed that parent-child conflict and meeting parental expectations were indirectly related to depressive symptoms through self-deprecation. Also, higher family cohesion predicted lower levels of depressive symptoms among Zoroastrian young adults. These results are similar to findings in studies with non Zoroastrians. The results suggested prevention and interventions to decrease depressive symptoms could target self-deprecating thoughts as well as perceived family dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farin Bakhtiari
- General Experimental Psychology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Scott W Plunkett
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff St., Northridge, CA, 91330-8255, USA.
| | - David Alpizar
- Department of Education Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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27
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Dennis JM, Fonseca AL, Gutierrez G, Shen J, Salazar S. Bicultural Competence and the Latino 2.5 Generation. HISPANIC JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0739986316653594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The 2.5 generation refers to individuals who have one parent born in the United States and one born in another country. The presence of both native-born and foreign-born parents has the potential to enhance bicultural adaptation. Across two studies with Latino young adults, we examine the extent to which the 2.5 generation is distinct from members of other generations with regard to cultural orientation, acculturative stress, and parent ethnic socialization. Results suggest that the 2.5-generation individuals report greater native cultural orientation, ethnic identity, and parental socialization compared with third-generation individuals, along with greater American orientation than first-generation individuals. The 2.5 generation also reports less language use and more acculturative stress due to Spanish competency pressures than first- and second-generation individuals. These results demonstrate that the 2.5-generation individuals may have some bicultural advantages compared with third-generation individuals; however, they may also experience similar challenges with regard to language maintenance.
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28
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Huq N, Stein GL, Gonzalez LM. Acculturation conflict among Latino youth: Discrimination, ethnic identity, and depressive symptoms. CULTURAL DIVERSITY & ETHNIC MINORITY PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 22:377-85. [PMID: 26460666 PMCID: PMC4829497 DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patterns of parent-adolescent conflict differ between immigrant and nonimmigrant families living in the United States (Fuligni, 1998). Despite this, there is limited empirical literature examining the nuanced nature of parent-adolescent conflict in immigrant families. To fill this gap, the current study examined the role of 2 types of conflict (i.e., general and acculturation) in predicting psychosocial outcomes (i.e., depressive symptoms and ethnic identity) among Latino adolescents, and whether these relationships differ within the context of peer discrimination. METHOD All survey administration was completed in the participating school's cafeteria. The sample consisted of 7th through 10th graders (n = 172) with a mean age of 14.01 years (SD = 1.32.) The sample consisted of 53% females, and was primarily Mexican in origin (78%). RESULTS As hypothesized, parent-adolescent acculturation conflict uniquely predicted greater depressive symptoms and lower ethnic private regard, even when controlling for parent-adolescent general conflict. However, acculturation conflict predicted lower ethnic private regard only in the presence of greater peer discrimination. More specifically, peer discrimination moderated the relation between acculturation conflict and ethnic private regard such that adolescents who reported the highest levels of acculturation conflict and peer discrimination reported the lowest levels of ethnic private regard. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that for Latino youth and their families, acculturation conflict may be particularly problematic, as compared with general conflict. In addition, youth who face ethnicity-based stressors in both familial and school contexts are especially at risk in their ethnic identity development. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Huq
- Clinical Psychology Graduate Student, University of North Carolina at, Greensboro, Psychology Department 369 H Eberhart Building PO Box 26170, Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170 Phone: (336) 256-0058 x1 Fax: (336) 334-5066
| | - Gabriela L. Stein
- Assistant Professor, University of North Carolina at Greensboro Psychology, Department 275 Eberhart PO Box 26170, Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170 Phone: 336-256-0023
| | - Laura M. Gonzalez
- Assistant Professor, Counseling & Educ Dev Coordinator, College, Counseling/Student Dev, UNC Greensboro 215 Curry, PO Box 26170 Greensboro, NC 27402 Phone: (336) 405-8682
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Kanamori M, Weissman J, De La Rosa M, Trepka MJ, Rojas P, Cano MA, Melton J, Unterberger A. Latino Mother/Daughter Dyadic Attachment as a Mediator for Substance Use Disorder and Emotional Abuse. J Immigr Minor Health 2015; 18:896-903. [PMID: 26614091 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-015-0312-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To date, no studies have investigated emotional abuse of adult Latina women by their mothers despite evidence that emotional maternal abuse may significantly contribute to the emotional abuse experienced by Latina women in their lifetime. Cross-sectional data including 316 women was analyzed using mediation and logistic regression. Overall, 7.1 % of mothers and 24.1 % of daughters abused drugs; and, 19.5 % of daughters were emotionally abused by their mothers. Mother's attachment to her daughter mediated the association between mother's drug abuse and emotionally abusing her adult daughter (indirect effect: 0.863). Latina women can serve as perpetrators of emotional abuse of their adult children. Since drug-abusing daughters are more likely to be victims of emotional abuse by their mothers and drug-abusing mothers are more likely to abuse their daughters, drug-rehabilitation practitioners should incorporate a family abuse component into rehabilitation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Kanamori
- Center for Research on U.S. Latinos HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street. AHC5 422, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
| | - Jessica Weissman
- Center for Research on U.S. Latinos HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street. AHC5 422, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Mario De La Rosa
- Center for Research on U.S. Latinos HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street. AHC5 422, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Mary Jo Trepka
- Center for Research on U.S. Latinos HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street. AHC5 422, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Patria Rojas
- Center for Research on U.S. Latinos HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street. AHC5 422, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Miguel Angel Cano
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - James Melton
- Center for Research on U.S. Latinos HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street. AHC5 422, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Alayne Unterberger
- Center for Labor Research and Studies, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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Perez-Brena NJ, Updegraff KA, Umaña-Taylor AJ. Transmission of cultural values among Mexican-origin parents and their adolescent and emerging adult offspring. FAMILY PROCESS 2015; 54:232-46. [PMID: 25470657 PMCID: PMC4452439 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The integration of the U.S. and Mexican culture is an important process associated with Mexican-origin youths' adjustment and family dynamics. The current study examined the reciprocal associations in parents' and two offspring's cultural values (i.e., familism and respect) in 246 Mexican-origin families. Overall, mothers' values were associated with increases in youths' values 5 years later. In contrast, youths' familism values were associated with increases in fathers' familism values 5 years later. In addition, developmental differences emerged where parent-to-offspring effects were more consistent for youth transitioning from early to late adolescence than for youth transitioning from middle adolescence to emerging adulthood. Finally, moderation by immigrant status revealed a youth-to-parent effect for mother-youth immigrant dyads, but not for dyads where youth were U.S.-raised. Our findings highlight the reciprocal nature of parent-youth value socialization and provide a nuanced understanding of these processes through the consideration of familism and respect values. As Mexican-origin youth represent a large and rapidly growing segment of the U.S. population, research that advances our understanding of how these youth develop values that foster family cohesion and support is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma J Perez-Brena
- School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University-San Marcos, San Marcos, TX
| | - Kimberly A Updegraff
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Adriana J Umaña-Taylor
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
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More than Altruism: Cultural Norms and Remittances Among Hispanics in the USA. JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND INTEGRATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12134-015-0423-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Basáñez T, Dennis JM, Crano W, Stacy A, Unger JB. Measuring Acculturation Gap Conflicts among Hispanics: Implications for Psychosocial and Academic Adjustment. JOURNAL OF FAMILY ISSUES 2014; 35:1727-1753. [PMID: 26855464 PMCID: PMC4739809 DOI: 10.1177/0192513x13477379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the factor structure and validity of the Acculturation Gap Conflicts Inventory (AGCI), a new instrument developed to measure the types of recurring conflicts that young people experience as part of the parent-child acculturation gap. Participants included 283 Hispanic young adults who completed the AGCI and existing measures of acculturation, family dynamics, psychosocial, and academic adjustment. Principal axis factor analysis revealed three factors with good internal consistency: Autonomy Conflicts, Conflicts over Preferred-Culture, and Dating/Being Out Late Conflicts. These factors correlated in the expected direction with acculturative stress and family dynamics variables. Autonomy Conflicts explained more than 25% of the variance in the acculturation gap conflicts items investigated, and this factor demonstrated incremental validity in predicting psychosocial and academic adjustment beyond the variance accounted for by other acculturative stress variables. The AGCI can be valuable to researchers from a variety of disciplines interested in measuring acculturation-related intergenerational conflicts among Hispanic youth that may be predictive of adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alan Stacy
- Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, USA
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Barajas-Gonzalez RG, Brooks-Gunn J. Substance Use Differences Among U.S.- Versus Foreign-Born Adolescents. HISPANIC JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0739986314551939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The influence of perceived family conflict, family support, and peer substance use on adolescent substance use was examined in a community sample of 669 (331 female, 338 male) Latino youth, who were assessed twice over the span of 2½ years. We found greater substance use among U.S.-born Latino youth in comparison to foreign-born Latino youth at both time points. Levels of family conflict were higher, and levels of family support were lower, in families with U.S.-born versus foreign-born adolescents. Results suggest that higher family conflict, but not lower family support, may partially explain higher substance use rates among U.S.-born versus foreign-born Latino adolescents.
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Santiago CD, Gudiño OG, Baweja S, Nadeem E. Academic achievement among immigrant and U.S.-born Latino adolescents: Associations with cultural, family, and acculturation factors. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 42:735-747. [PMID: 25983352 PMCID: PMC4428156 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.21649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This study examined proximal risk and protective factors that contribute to academic achievement among 130 Latino students. Participating students were 56.2% female and 35.3% foreign-born (mean age = 11.38, SD = .59). Acculturative stress, immigrant status, child gender, parental monitoring, traditional cultural values, mainstream values, and English language proficiency were explored in relation to academic achievement. Higher levels of parental monitoring, English language proficiency, and female gender were associated with higher grades, while mainstream values were associated with lower grades. In addition, a significant interaction between acculturative stress and immigrant status was found, such that higher acculturative stress was related to poorer grades for U.S.-born students in particular. Thus, parental monitoring and female gender are potential protective factors, while identification with mainstream values and low English language proficiency are risk factors for poor grades. U.S.-born students may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of acculturative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omar G Gudiño
- Assistant Professor, University of Denver, Department of Psychology
| | - Shilpa Baweja
- Doctoral Student in the School of Education and Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Erum Nadeem
- Assitant Professor, New York University, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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Hovey JD, Hurtado G, Seligman LD. Findings for a CBT Support Group for Latina Migrant Farmworkers in Western Colorado. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-014-9212-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Law CK, Kõlves K, De Leo D. Suicide mortality in second-generation migrants, Australia, 2001–2008. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2014; 49:601-8. [PMID: 24121721 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-013-0769-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Generally, due to limited availability of official statistics on the topic, little is known about suicide mortality in second-generation migrants. A recent study from Sweden showed that these people could be at a high suicide risk. In a generalised phenomenon, this aspect would represent an important issue in suicide prevention. This paper aims to report the profile of second-generation migrants who died by suicide and the suicide risk differentials of second-generation migrants with other Australians. METHODS Official suicide data from 2001 to 2008 were linked with State/Territory registries to collect information about the birthplace of the deceased’s parents to differentiate migration status (first, second or third-plus generation). The profile and suicide risk of second-generation migrants were compared with other generations by logistic and Poisson regression. RESULTS Suicide in second-generation migrants accounted for 811 cases (14.6%). These tended to be represented by younger subjects, more often never married, as compared to the other cases. Second-generation males aged 25–39 years tended to have a higher suicide risk than first generation migrants, but the risk was lower when compared with the third-plus generation. Second-generation migrants aged 60? tended to have a lower suicide risk than first generation migrants. CONCLUSION In Australia, second-generation migrants are not at a higher suicide risk as compared to first-generation migrants or locals (third-plus-generation). In males aged 25–39, a lower suicide risk was found in second-generations as compared to Australian-born third generation,which may be explained by their more advantageous socioeconomic status and the flexibility and resources rendered by having grown up in a bicultural environment.The higher suicide rates found amongst older first-generation migrants require further examination.
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Sbicigo JB, Dell'Aglio DD. Contextual variables associated with psychosocial adjustment of adolescents. THE SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2013; 16:E11. [PMID: 23866204 DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2013.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated associations of contextual variables of risk (stressful events and exposure to community violence), variables of protection (family environment, connectivity to the school and community perceptions) and demographic variables (gender and age) with indicators of psychosocial adjustment (self-esteem, involvement in illegal activities and alcohol use in past month) among adolescents. The participants were 685 students (61.5% girls) aged between 12 and 18 years (M = 15.10, SD = 1.52) of public schools in southern Brazil. They answered a questionnaire with 77 questions and an inventory for assessment of family relationships. Logistic regression analyses indicated that the negative perception of family environment, poor connectivity to the school and exposure to community violence were associated with low self-esteem. Involvement in illegal activities was associated with low connectivity to school, stressful events, exposure to community violence and male sex. Finally, alcohol use/month was associated with negative perception of the community, community violence, stressful events, and particularly at the ages of 15-16 years.
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Lac A, Unger JB, Basáñez T, Ritt-Olson A, Soto DW, Baezconde-Garbanati L. Marijuana use among Latino adolescents: gender differences in protective familial factors. Subst Use Misuse 2010; 46:644-55. [PMID: 20977294 PMCID: PMC3753174 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2010.528121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Given the important contextual function of family dynamics and traditional gender roles in Latino cultures, parental influences on substance use among Latino adolescents may differ across genders. This study examined associations between family factors (parental monitoring, parent-child communication, family cohesion, and familism) and marijuana use among 1,369 Latino adolescents in Southern California. Students from seven schools completed surveys in 9th and 11th grades. Longitudinal hierarchical linear regression analyses evaluated the associations between family factors in 9th grade and lifetime marijuana use in 11th grade, as well as gender differences in these associations. Girls reported higher levels of parental monitoring, parental communication, and familism than boys did, but there were no gender differences in family cohesiveness. In a regression model controlling for covariates and previous marijuana use, parent-child communication and family cohesion in 9th grade were each uniquely predictive of lower levels of marijuana consumption in 11th grade. Gender was a statistical moderator, such that higher levels of parent-child communication predicted lower marijuana use among boys, whereas girls' use was relatively low regardless of parent-child communication levels. Results are discussed in the light of the concurrent socialization processes of family and gender in Latino culture and its relation to preventing delinquent behaviors such as marijuana use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Lac
- Department of Psychology, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, California, USA
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