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Pan H, Yang Y, Xu H, Jin A, Huang X, Gao X, Sun S, Liu Y, Liu J, Lu T, Wang X, Zhu Y, Jiang L. The odontoblastic differentiation of dental mesenchymal stem cells: molecular regulation mechanism and related genetic syndromes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1174579. [PMID: 37818127 PMCID: PMC10561098 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1174579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells that can differentiate into multiple lineages including odontoblasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, neural cells, myocytes, cardiomyocytes, adipocytes, endothelial cells, melanocytes, and hepatocytes. Odontoblastic differentiation of DMSCs is pivotal in dentinogenesis, a delicate and dynamic process regulated at the molecular level by signaling pathways, transcription factors, and posttranscriptional and epigenetic regulation. Mutations or dysregulation of related genes may contribute to genetic diseases with dentin defects caused by impaired odontoblastic differentiation, including tricho-dento-osseous (TDO) syndrome, X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH), Raine syndrome (RS), hypophosphatasia (HPP), Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia (SIOD), and Elsahy-Waters syndrome (EWS). Herein, recent progress in the molecular regulation of the odontoblastic differentiation of DMSCs is summarized. In addition, genetic syndromes associated with disorders of odontoblastic differentiation of DMSCs are discussed. An improved understanding of the molecular regulation and related genetic syndromes may help clinicians better understand the etiology and pathogenesis of dentin lesions in systematic diseases and identify novel treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houwen Pan
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiling Yang
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyuan Xu
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Anting Jin
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangru Huang
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyuan Sun
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanqi Liu
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingwei Lu
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfei Zhu
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyong Jiang
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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Yakubova II, Ostrianko V, Dosenko V, Bielova L, Skrypnyk Y, Viun G. INFLUENCE OF CHOLESTEROL ENRICHED DIET ON GENES EXPRESSION ENCODING BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN-2 AND OSTEOCALCIN IN MOUSE MANDIBLE. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2023; 76:1608-1614. [PMID: 37622504 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202307114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: To evaluate the mRNA expression of the key regulators of osteogenesis - osteocalcin and BMP-2 in the mouse embryos mandible (17th day of pregnancy) which were borne by females on high-cholesterol diet for 30 days before fertilization and throughout pregnancy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: Experimental hypercholesterolemia (2%) was simulated by adding Cholesterol to the diet for 60 days. In experiment were used 40 mature female white mice that were randomly divided to control and experimental groups. The control group were fed with standard chow diet, the experimental group with diet with cholesterol enriched diet (with addition of 2 grams of Cholesterol per 100 grams of standard chow). The mandibles of mouse embryos (E-17) were examined by using molecular genetic methods. RESULTS Results: In control group the relative level of BMP-2 mRNA / actin mRNA was 27.0«2.82, the relative level of and osteocalcin mRNA / actin mRNA was 30.5«6,28. In the jaws of animals in the experimental group with cholesterol enriched diet, the expression relative level of BMP-2 was 30.9«5.81 that is by 14,4% higher than in control group. Therefore, the expression level of оsteocalcin, on the contrary, decreased by 22.3% and was 23.7+5.31. CONCLUSION Conclusions: Our study report influence of the cholesterol enriched diet (2%) on mRNA expression of BMP-2 and osteocalcin encoding genes. The embryos from mouse on cholesterol enriched diet (2%) had increased level of BMP-2 gene expression, however significantly decreased level of osteocalcin gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inessa I Yakubova
- PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENT «KYIV MEDICAL UNIVERSITY», KYIV, UKRAINE
| | | | - Victor Dosenko
- THE BOGOMOLETZ INSTITUTE OF PHYSIOLOGY NAS OF UKRAINE, KYIV, UKRAINE
| | - Liliia Bielova
- PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENT «KYIV MEDICAL UNIVERSITY», KYIV, UKRAINE
| | - Yurii Skrypnyk
- PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENT «KYIV MEDICAL UNIVERSITY», KYIV, UKRAINE
| | - Ganna Viun
- PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENT «KYIV MEDICAL UNIVERSITY», KYIV, UKRAINE
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IGFs in Dentin Formation and Regeneration: Progress and Remaining Challenges. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:3737346. [PMID: 35432548 PMCID: PMC9007658 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3737346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tertiary dentin results from the interplay between the host defense and dental injury or infection. Modern endodontics aiming vital pulp treatment take the tertiary dentin formation as the interim step, with the final goal of a physiological pulp-dentin like tissue regeneration. Dental pulp stem cells have been nominated for contributing to differentiating into odontoblast-like cells who are responsible for reparative dentin formation. Understanding the original dentin formation mechanism provides us a blueprint while exploring the reparative dentin formation mechanism builds bridge to bonafide pulp-dentin tissue regeneration. Among all the regulators, growth factors have long been revealed under the spotlight. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family has been implicated in critical events of inducing dentin formation, which is essential for pulp treatment. The expression of IGF family members including IGF1, IGF1R, IGF2, and IGF2R has been well characterized in dental papilla cells, dental pulp stem cells, and periodontal ligament cells. Recent studies indicated IGF binding to the receptors activated pathways, including MAPK pathway, and AKT pathway, orchestrated proliferation, and differentiation, and finally, contributed to dentin formation. This review summarizes the role of IGF family in dentin formation during tooth development and tertiary dentin formation during dentin-pulp repair and sheds light on key parts of research for future treatment improvements.
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Cell Differentiation and Replication during Postnatal Development of the Murine First Molar. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080776. [PMID: 34440008 PMCID: PMC8389692 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Teeth are necessary to prepare food for swallowing. The process of teeth development before and after birth may be studied in normal mice and also by reproducing diseases or genetic conditions. However, mice teeth are different from human teeth, since mice have only permanent teeth. Moreover, their incisors continue to grow for the whole lifespan. Hence, it is important to know how the mouse teeth develop. We studied the development of the first molar in mice from birth to weaning and showed that dividing cells are located in a different part of the developing tooth according to age. Abstract Various signaling molecular pathways are involved in odontogenesis to promote cellular replication and differentiation. Tooth formation is controlled mainly by epithelial–mesenchymal interactions. The aim of this work was to investigate how cellular replication and differentiation ensue during the formation of the murine first molar in postnatal ages until eruption, focusing on morphogenesis, odontoblast differentiation and cellular replication. Wild-type CD1 mice were examined from birth to weaning. Morphogenesis and interaction between developing epithelial and mesenchymal tissues were evaluated in hematoxylin–eosin and Gomori trichome stained sections. Immunohistochemistry for nestin, which mediates the differentiation of odontoblasts, especially their polarization and elongation, showed that this intermediate filament was apparent already at postnatal day P1 in the apical region of odontoblasts and progressed apically from cusp tips, while it was not present in epithelial tissues. The expression of nuclear antigen Ki-67 highlighted dividing cells in both epithelial and mesenchymal tissues at P1, while one week later they were restricted to the cementoenamel junction, guiding root elongation. The link between odontoblast maturation and cellular replication in the different tooth tissues is essential to understand the development of tooth shape and dimension, to outline mechanisms of tooth morphogenesis and possibly eruption.
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Chang B, Ma C, Feng J, Svoboda KKH, Liu X. Dental Pulp Stem Cell Polarization: Effects of Biophysical Factors. J Dent Res 2021; 100:1153-1160. [PMID: 34328032 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211028850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have the potential to polarize, differentiate, and form tubular dentin under certain conditions. However, the factors that initiate and regulate DPSC polarization and its underlying mechanism remain unclear. Identification of the factors that control DPSC polarization is a prerequisite for tubular dentin regeneration. We recently developed a unique bioinspired 3-dimensional platform that is capable of deciphering the factors that initiate and modulate cell polarization. The bioinspired platform has a simple background and confines a single cell on each microisland of the platform; therefore, it is an effective tool to study DPSC polarization at the single-cell level. In this work, we explored the effects of biophysical factors (surface topography, microisland area, geometry, tubular size, and gravity) on single DPSC polarization. Our results demonstrated that nanofibrous architecture, microisland area, tubular size, and gravity participated in regulating DPSC polarization by influencing the formation of the DPSC process and relocation of the Golgi apparatus. Among these factors, nanofibrous architecture, tubular size, and appropriate microisland area were indispensable for initiating DPSC polarization, whereas gravity served as an auxiliary factor to the process of DPSC polarization. Meanwhile, microisland geometry had a limited effect on DPSC polarization. Collectively, this work provides information on DPSC polarization and paves the way for the development of new biomaterials for tubular dentin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - C Ma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - J Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - K K H Svoboda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - X Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
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Luo J, Tan X, Ye L, Wang C. C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway activation is essential for dental papilla cells polarization. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0233944. [PMID: 33770099 PMCID: PMC7996994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During tooth development, dental papilla cells differentiate into odontoblasts with polarized morphology and cell function. Our previous study indicated that the C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway regulates human dental papilla cell adhesion, migration, and formation of focal adhesion complexes. The aim of this study was to further examine the role of the JNK pathway in dental papilla cell polarity formation. Histological staining, qPCR, and Western Blot suggested the activation of JNK signaling in polarized mouse dental papilla tissue. After performing an in vitro tooth germ organ culture and cell culture, we found that JNK inhibitor SP600125 postponed tooth germ development and reduced the polarization, migration and differentiation of mouse dental papilla cells (mDPCs). Next, we screened up-regulated polarity-related genes during dental papilla development and mDPCs or A11 differentiation. We found that Prickle3, Golga2, Golga5, and RhoA were all up-regulated, which is consistent with JNK signaling activation. Further, constitutively active RhoA mutant (RhoA Q63L) partly rescued the inhibition of SP600125 on cell differentiation and polarity formation of mDPCs. To sum up, this study suggests that JNK signaling has a positive role in the formation of dental papilla cell polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiujun Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail:
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Wang J, Qi G, Qu X, Ling X, Zhang Z, Jin Y. Molecular Profiling of Dental Pulp Stem Cells during Cell Differentiation by Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3735-3741. [PMID: 32011124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are considered one of the key cells in tooth regeneration engineering. Understanding molecular biological information on DPSCs during differentiation is of great significance for the construction of tissue-engineered teeth. In this study, we investigated the differentiation process of DPSCs stimulated by drugs and gained molecular insights in the process. By using label-free and noninvasive surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to monitor molecular change profiling in the cell nucleus of single DPSCs during the differentiation process, we found that two pivotal differentiation biomarkers, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), were overexpressed during the process. Continuous and intermittent monitoring of SERS spectra from the nuclear region indicated that the expression of proteins and related amino acids of tryptophan were markedly increased until peak period of differentiation (on day 14). Meanwhile corresponding transformation of DNA/RNA backbone vibrational modes was also observed during the differentiation process, indicating the occurrence of replication or transcription of DNA. The method provides a useful tool for the molecular biology studies of DPSCs differentiation, and the finding will broaden our understanding of DPSCs differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Wang
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin P. R. China
| | - Guohua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhang Qu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Part of the First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxu Ling
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin P.R. China
| | - Yongdong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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Vijaykumar A, Ghassem-Zadeh S, Vidovic-Zdrilic I, Komitas K, Adameyko I, Krivanek J, Fu Y, Maye P, Mina M. Generation and characterization of DSPP-Cerulean/DMP1-Cherry reporter mice. Genesis 2019; 57:e23324. [PMID: 31271259 PMCID: PMC6939995 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To gain a better understanding of the progression of progenitor cells in the odontoblast lineage, we have examined and characterized the expression of a series of GFP reporters during odontoblast differentiation. However, previously reported GFP reporters (pOBCol2.3-GFP, pOBCol3.6-GFP, and DMP1-GFP), similar to the endogenous proteins, are also expressed by bone-forming cells, which made it difficult to delineate the two cell types in various in vivo and in vitro studies. To overcome these difficulties we generated DSPP-Cerulean/DMP1-Cherry transgenic mice using a bacterial recombination strategy with the mouse BAC clone RP24-258g7. We have analyzed the temporal and spatial expression of both transgenes in tooth and bone in vivo and in vitro. This transgenic animal enabled us to visualize the interactions between odontoblasts and surrounding tissues including dental pulp, ameloblasts and cementoblasts. Our studies showed that DMP1-Cherry, similar to Dmp1, was expressed in functional and fully differentiated odontoblasts as well as osteoblasts, osteocytes and cementoblasts. Expression of DSPP-Cerulean transgene was limited to functional and fully differentiated odontoblasts and correlated with the expression of Dspp. This transgenic animal can help in the identification and isolation of odontoblasts at later stages of differentiation and help in better understanding of developmental disorders in dentin and odontoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushree Vijaykumar
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Sean Ghassem-Zadeh
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Ivana Vidovic-Zdrilic
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Karren Komitas
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Krivanek
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Peter Maye
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Mina Mina
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut
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Fang F, Zhang K, Chen Z, Wu B. Noncoding RNAs: new insights into the odontogenic differentiation of dental tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:297. [PMID: 31547871 PMCID: PMC6757432 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1411-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Odontoblasts are cells that contribute to the formation of the dental pulp complex. The differentiation of dental tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells into odontoblasts comprises many factors and signaling pathways. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), comprising a substantial part of poly-A tail mature RNAs, are considered “transcriptional noise.” Emerging evidence has shown that ncRNAs have key functions in the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. In this review, we discussed two major types of ncRNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), in terms of their role in the odontogenic differentiation of dental tissue-derived stem cells. Recent findings have demonstrated important functions for miRNAs and lncRNAs in odontogenic differentiation. It is expected that ncRNAs will become promising therapeutic targets for dentin regeneration based on stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuchun Fang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 1838 GuangZhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiying Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Buling Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 1838 GuangZhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Los odontoblastos son células post-mitóticas de origen mesenquimal dispuestas en forma de palizada en la periferia de la pulpa dental y responsables de la formación de la dentina. Los odontoblastos derivan de la cresta neural y su diferenciación es la consecuencia de las interacciones epitelio-mesénquima entre las células de la papila dental y el epitelio dental interno. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo revisar los aspectos fisiológicos y patológicos de los odontoblastos, comprendiendo su origen, mecanismos de diferenciación y propiedades funcionales. Se realizó una búsqueda electrónica de literatura desde el año 2000 hasta Febrero de 2018, seleccionando 2889 artículos, de los cuales 52 artículos fueron analizados y discutidos. Los resultados exponen el origen, etapas y los factores relacionados con la diferenciación odontoblástica, junto con los aspectos principales de la organización estructural y funciones que desempeñan los odontoblastos. Esta revisión demuestra mediante la evidencia científica actual como los estudios concernientes a los odontoblastos se focalizan en comprender los mecanismos en la formación de la dentina reparativa, la respuesta inmunitaria y su rol en los procesos de inflamación y dolor. Trabajos futuros deberán esclarecer las diferentes señales involucradas en los procesos fisiopatológicos celulares y moleculares llevados a cabo por los odontoblastos.
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Tadros M, Brook AH, Ranjitkar S, Townsend GC. Compensatory interactions between developing maxillary anterior teeth in a sample of twins. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 97:198-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Morkmued S, Hemmerle J, Mathieu E, Laugel-Haushalter V, Dabovic B, Rifkin DB, Dollé P, Niederreither K, Bloch-Zupan A. Enamel and dental anomalies in latent-transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 3 mutant mice. Eur J Oral Sci 2018; 125:8-17. [PMID: 28084688 PMCID: PMC5260799 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Latent‐transforming growth factor beta‐binding protein 3 (LTBP‐3) is important for craniofacial morphogenesis and hard tissue mineralization, as it is essential for activation of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β). To investigate the role of LTBP‐3 in tooth formation we performed micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT), histology, and scanning electron microscopy analyses of adult Ltbp3‐/‐ mice. The Ltbp3‐/‐ mutants presented with unique craniofacial malformations and reductions in enamel formation that began at the matrix formation stage. Organization of maturation‐stage ameloblasts was severely disrupted. The lateral side of the incisor was affected most. Reduced enamel mineralization, modification of the enamel prism pattern, and enamel nodules were observed throughout the incisors, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. Molar roots had internal irregular bulbous‐like formations. The cementum thickness was reduced, and microscopic dentinal tubules showed minor nanostructural changes. Thus, LTBP‐3 is required for ameloblast differentiation and for the formation of decussating enamel prisms, to prevent enamel nodule formation, and for proper root morphogenesis. Also, and consistent with the role of TGF‐β signaling during mineralization, almost all craniofacial bone components were affected in Ltbp3‐/‐ mice, especially those involving the upper jaw and snout. This mouse model demonstrates phenotypic overlap with Verloes Bourguignon syndrome, also caused by mutation of LTBP3, which is hallmarked by craniofacial anomalies and amelogenesis imperfecta phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supawich Morkmued
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CNRS UMR_7104, INSERM U964, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et en Médecine (CERBM), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Faculty of Dentistry, Pediatric Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Joseph Hemmerle
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Inserm UMR1121 Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Mathieu
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Inserm UMR1121 Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Virginie Laugel-Haushalter
- CNRS UMR_7104, INSERM U964, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et en Médecine (CERBM), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Branka Dabovic
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel B Rifkin
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pascal Dollé
- CNRS UMR_7104, INSERM U964, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et en Médecine (CERBM), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Karen Niederreither
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CNRS UMR_7104, INSERM U964, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et en Médecine (CERBM), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Agnès Bloch-Zupan
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CNRS UMR_7104, INSERM U964, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et en Médecine (CERBM), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires, Centre de Référence des Manifestations Odontologiques des Maladies Rares, O Rares, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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13
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Ricucci D, Loghin S, Niu LN, Tay FR. Changes in the radicular pulp-dentine complex in healthy intact teeth and in response to deep caries or restorations: A histological and histobacteriological study. J Dent 2018; 73:76-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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14
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O'Meara RN, Dirks W, Martinelli AG. Enamel formation and growth in non-mammalian cynodonts. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:172293. [PMID: 29892415 PMCID: PMC5990740 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.172293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The early evolution of mammals is associated with the linked evolutionary origin of diphyodont tooth replacement, rapid juvenile growth and determinate adult growth. However, specific relationships among these characters during non-mammalian cynodont evolution require further exploration. Here, polarized light microscopy revealed incremental lines, resembling daily laminations of extant mammals, in histological sections of enamel in eight non-mammalian cynodont species. In the more basal non-probainognathian group, enamel extends extremely rapidly from cusp to cervix. By contrast, the enamel of mammaliamorphs is gradually accreted, with slow rates of crown extension, more typical of the majority of non-hypsodont crown mammals. These results are consistent with the reduction in dental replacement rate across the non-mammalian cynodont lineage, with greater rates of crown extension required in most non-probainognathians, and slower crown extension rates permitted in mammaliamorphs, which have reduced patterns of dental replacement in comparison with many non-probainognathians. The evolution of mammal-like growth patterns, with faster juvenile growth and more abruptly terminating adult growth, is linked with this reduction in dental replacement rates and may provide an additional explanation for the observed pattern in enamel growth rates. It is possible that the reduction in enamel extension rates in mammaliamorphs reflects an underlying reduction in skeletal growth rates at the time of postcanine formation, due to a more abruptly terminating pattern of adult growth in these more mammal-like, crownward species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N. O'Meara
- The University Museum of Zoology, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Wendy Dirks
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Dawson Building, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Agustín G. Martinelli
- Departamento de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ave. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91540-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Sección Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’, Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, Buenos Aires C1405DJR, Argentina
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15
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Dong N, Liu Y, Zhang T, Zhao L, Tian J, Ruan J. Different expression patterns of Lin28 and Lin28b in mouse molar development. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 82:280-285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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16
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Odontoblastic Cell Quantification and Apoptosis within Pulp of Deciduous Teeth Versus Pulp of Permanent Teeth. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017; 40:450-455. [PMID: 27805894 DOI: 10.17796/1053-4628-40.6.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While the odontoblast ability to respond to injury in permanent teeth (PT) is well established, there is a lack of knowledge about deciduous teeth (DT). Aim of this study was to compare the odontoblasts activity within the pulp of DT versus the pulp of PT. STUDY DESIGN Dental pulp was obtained from forty-two DT and twenty-seven PT extracted from sixty-five patients (aged 6-16 years). Histomorphometry was carried out and the quantification of odontoblastic layer was assessed. Dental pulps of DT and PT were stained for anti-ssDNA, BCL-2, BCL-x, BAX, caspase3. RESULTS Pulps from DT were characterized by reduction of odontoblastic layer and greater occurrence of apoptotic odontoblasts. Pro-apoptotic BAX phenotype expression on odontoblasts correlated with the occurrence of numerous activated caspase3 odontoblasts in DT. The number of BAX positive cells was significantly higher compared to BCL-2 positive cells in the odontoblastic layer of the DT (p=0.03). Since BAX and BCL-2 proteins have an inverse role in the regulation of the apoptosis, this finding suggests that odontoblasts have a predominant pro-apoptotic phenotype in DT. CONCLUSION According to our results, the odontoblasts of DT can be assumed to have a lower reparative activity if compared to odontoblasts of PT.
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17
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Ricucci D, Siqueira JF, Loghin S, Lin LM. Pulp and apical tissue response to deep caries in immature teeth: A histologic and histobacteriologic study. J Dent 2017; 56:19-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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18
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Prime S, Pring M, Davies M, Paterson I. TGF-β Signal Transduction in Oro-facial Health and Non-malignant Disease (Part I). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 15:324-36. [DOI: 10.1177/154411130401500602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) family of cytokines consists of multi-functional polypeptides that regulate a variety of cell processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, extracellular matrix elaboration, angiogenesis, and immune suppression, among others. In so doing, TGF-β plays a key role in the control of cell behavior in both health and disease. In this report, we review what is known about the mechanisms of activation of the peptide, together with details of TGF-β signal transduction pathways. This review summarizes the evidence implicating TGF-β in normal physiological processes of the craniofacial complex—such as palatogenesis, tooth formation, wound healing, and scarring—and then evaluates its role in non-malignant disease processes such as scleroderma, submucous fibrosis, periodontal disease, and lichen planus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.S. Prime
- Department of Oral and Dental Science, Division of Oral Medicine, Pathology and Microbiology, Bristol Dental Hospital and School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK
| | - M. Pring
- Department of Oral and Dental Science, Division of Oral Medicine, Pathology and Microbiology, Bristol Dental Hospital and School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK
| | - M. Davies
- Department of Oral and Dental Science, Division of Oral Medicine, Pathology and Microbiology, Bristol Dental Hospital and School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK
| | - I.C. Paterson
- Department of Oral and Dental Science, Division of Oral Medicine, Pathology and Microbiology, Bristol Dental Hospital and School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK
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19
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Distorted Patterns of Dentinogenesis and Eruption in Msx2 Null Mutants. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:2577-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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20
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Yun CY, Choi H, You YJ, Yang JY, Baek JA, Cho ES. Requirement of Smad4-mediated signaling in odontoblast differentiation and dentin matrix formation. Anat Cell Biol 2016; 49:199-205. [PMID: 27722013 PMCID: PMC5052229 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2016.49.3.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dentin is the major part of tooth and formed by odontoblasts. Under the influence of the inner enamel epithelium, odontoblasts differentiate from ectomesenchymal cells of the dental papilla and secrete pre-dentin which then undergo mineralization into dentin. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is essential for dentinogenesis; however, the precise molecular mechanisms remain unclear. To understand the role of TGF-β/BMP signaling in odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation, we generated mice with conditional ablation of Smad4, a key intracellular mediator of TGF-β/BMP signaling, using Osr2 or OC-Cre mice. Here we found the molars of Osr2CreSmad4 mutant mice exhibited impaired odontoblast differentiation, and normal dentin was replaced by ectopic bone-like structure. In Osr2CreSmad4 mutant mice, cell polarity of odontoblast was lost, and the thickness of crown dentin was decreased in later stage compared to wild type. Moreover, the root dentin was also impaired and showed ectopic bone-like structure similar to Osr2CreSmad4 mutant mice. Taken together, our results suggest that Smad4-dependent TGF-β/BMP signaling plays a critical role in odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation during tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Young Yun
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hwajung Choi
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Young-Jae You
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jin-Young Yang
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Daejeon Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jin-A Baek
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Eui-Sic Cho
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, Korea
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21
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Kawashima N, Okiji T. Odontoblasts: Specialized hard-tissue-forming cells in the dentin-pulp complex. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2016; 56:144-53. [PMID: 27131345 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Odontoblasts are specialized cells that produce dentin and exhibit unique morphological characteristics; i.e., they extend cytoplasmic processes into dentinal tubules. While osteoblasts, which are typical hard-tissue-forming cells, are generated from mesenchymal stem cells during normal and pathological bone metabolism, the induction of odontoblasts only occurs once during tooth development, and odontoblasts survive throughout the lives of healthy teeth. During the differentiation of odontoblasts, signaling molecules from the inner enamel epithelium are considered necessary for the differentiation of odontoblast precursors, i.e., peripheral dental papilla cells. If odontoblasts are destroyed by severe external stimuli, such as deep caries, the differentiation of dental pulp stem cells into odontoblast-like cells is induced. Various bioactive molecules, such as non-collagenous proteins, might be involved in this process, although the precise mechanisms responsible for odontoblast differentiation have not been fully elucidated. Recently, our knowledge about the other functional activities of odontoblasts (apart from dentin formation) has increased. For example, it has been suggested that odontoblasts might act as nociceptive receptors, and surveillance cells that detect the invasion of exogenous pathogens. The regeneration of the dentin-pulp complex has recently gained much attention as a promising future treatment modality that could increase the longevity of pulpless teeth. Finally, congenital dentin anomalies, which are concerned with the disturbance of odontoblast functions, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Kawashima
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Okiji
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Smith AJ, Duncan HF, Diogenes A, Simon S, Cooper PR. Exploiting the Bioactive Properties of the Dentin-Pulp Complex in Regenerative Endodontics. J Endod 2016; 42:47-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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23
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Nakayama M, Lähdesmäki R, Niinimaa A, Alvesalo L. Molar morphology and the expression of Carabelli's trait in 45,X females. Am J Hum Biol 2015; 27:486-93. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuko Nakayama
- Oral Development and Orthodontics; Oral Health Research Unit; Medical Faculty; University of Oulu; Finland
| | - Raija Lähdesmäki
- Oral Development and Orthodontics; Oral Health Research Unit; Medical Faculty; University of Oulu; Finland
- Medical Research Center; University hospital of Oulu; Finland
| | - Ahti Niinimaa
- Oral Development and Orthodontics; Oral Health Research Unit; Medical Faculty; University of Oulu; Finland
| | - Lassi Alvesalo
- Oral Development and Orthodontics; Oral Health Research Unit; Medical Faculty; University of Oulu; Finland
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24
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Kim TH, Bae CH, Lee JC, Kim JE, Yang X, de Crombrugghe B, Cho ES. Osterix regulates tooth root formation in a site-specific manner. J Dent Res 2015; 94:430-8. [PMID: 25568170 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514565647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone and dentin share similar biochemical compositions and physiological properties. Dentin, a major tooth component, is formed by odontoblasts; in contrast, bone is produced by osteoblasts. Osterix (Osx), a zinc finger-containing transcription factor, has been identified as an essential regulator of osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. However, it has been difficult to establish whether Osx functions in odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation. To understand the role of Osx in dentin formation, we analyzed mice in which Osx was subjected to tissue-specific ablation under the control of either the Col1a1 or the OC promoter. Two independent Osx conditional knockout mice exhibited similar molar abnormalities. Although no phenotype was found in the crowns of these teeth, both mutant lines exhibited short molar roots due to impaired root elongation. Furthermore, the interradicular dentin in these mice showed severe hypoplastic features, which were likely caused by disruptions in odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation. These phenotypes were closely related to the temporospatial expression pattern of Osx during tooth development. These findings indicate that Osx is required for root formation by regulating odontoblast differentiation, maturation, and root elongation. Cumulatively, our data strongly indicate that Osx is a site-specific regulator in tooth root formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Kim
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - C H Bae
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - J C Lee
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - J E Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - X Yang
- Genetic Laboratory of Development and Disease, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - B de Crombrugghe
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E S Cho
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
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25
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Balic A, Thesleff I. Tissue Interactions Regulating Tooth Development and Renewal. Curr Top Dev Biol 2015; 115:157-86. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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26
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He W, Zhang J, Niu Z, Yu Q, Wang Z, Zhang R, Su L, Fu L, Smith AJ, Cooper PR. Regulatory interplay between NFIC and TGF-β1 in apical papilla-derived stem cells. J Dent Res 2014; 93:496-501. [PMID: 24570148 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514525200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
While transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) can regulate odontoblast differentiation in tooth crown morphogenesis, its effects on cells including stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) involved in root formation are unclear. Nuclear factor I-C (NFIC) has been implicated in the regulation of root development, and interplay with TGF-β1 signaling has been reported in some cell types. We hypothesize that NFIC and TGF-β1 are important to the behavior of SCAPs and that the interplay between these molecules controls the regulation of the odontogenic differentiation of SCAPs. TGF-β1 inhibited the proliferation of SCAPs and their mineralization. Real-time polymerase chain-reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot results showed that TGF-β1 significantly decreased osteogenic/dentinogenic gene expression. The inhibition of TGF-β/Smad signaling (SIS3) attenuated the suppressive effect of TGF-β1 on SCAPs. Importantly, overexpression of NFIC antagonized the effects of TGF-β1 on SCAPs, while knockdown of NFIC enhanced these effects, demonstrating a key regulatory role for NFIC in modulating TGF-β1 signaling in SCAPs. We conclude that this interplay between NFIC and TGF-β1 regulates SCAPs behavior and can determine the differentiation of these cells. These signaling interactions help inform the development of regenerative strategies aimed at root growth and development in immature teeth for endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- W He
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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27
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Lesot H, Hovorakova M, Peterka M, Peterkova R. Three-dimensional analysis of molar development in the mouse from the cap to bell stage. Aust Dent J 2014; 59 Suppl 1:81-100. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Lesot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; UMR 1109, Team ‘Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative NanoMedicine’; Strasbourg France
- Université de Strasbourg; Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire; Strasbourg France
| | - M Hovorakova
- Department of Teratology; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
| | - M Peterka
- Department of Teratology; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
| | - R Peterkova
- Department of Teratology; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
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28
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Teti G, Salvatore V, Ruggeri A, Manzoli L, Gesi M, Orsini G, Falconi M. In vitro reparative dentin: a biochemical and morphological study. Eur J Histochem 2013; 57:e23. [PMID: 24085272 PMCID: PMC3794354 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2013.e23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, starting from human dental pulp cells cultured in vitro, we simulated reparative dentinogenesis using a medium supplemented with different odontogenic inductors. The differentiation of dental pulp cells in odontoblast-like cells was evaluated by means of staining, and ultramorphological, biochemical and biomolecular methods. Alizarin red staining showed mineral deposition while transmission electron microscopy revealed a synthesis of extracellular matrix fibers during the differentiation process. Biochemical assays demonstrated that the differentiated phenotype expressed odontoblast markers, such as Dentin Matrix Protein 1 (DMP1) and Dentin Sialoprotein (DSP), as well as type I collagen. Quantitative data regarding the mRNA expression of DMP1, DSP and type I collagen were obtained by Real Time PCR. Immunofluorescence data demonstrated the various localizations of DSP and DMP1 during odontoblast differentiation. Based on our results, we obtained odontoblast-like cells which simulated the reparative dentin processes in order to better investigate the mechanism of odontoblast differentiation, and dentin extracellular matrix deposition and mineralization.
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29
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Nuclear Expression of p27Kip1 Is Associated with In Vivo Differentiation of Adult Human Odontoblasts. J Endod 2013; 39:995-1000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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30
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Gopinathan G, Kolokythas A, Luan X, Diekwisch TGH. Epigenetic marks define the lineage and differentiation potential of two distinct neural crest-derived intermediate odontogenic progenitor populations. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:1763-78. [PMID: 23379639 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms, such as histone modifications, play an active role in the differentiation and lineage commitment of mesenchymal stem cells. In the present study, epigenetic states and differentiation profiles of two odontogenic neural crest-derived intermediate progenitor populations were compared: dental pulp (DP) and dental follicle (DF). ChIP on chip assays revealed substantial H3K27me3-mediated repression of odontoblast lineage genes DSPP and dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) in DF cells, but not in DP cells. Mineralization inductive conditions caused steep increases of mineralization and patterning gene expression levels in DP cells when compared to DF cells. In contrast, mineralization induction resulted in a highly dynamic histone modification response in DF cells, while there was only a subdued effect in DP cells. Both DF and DP progenitors featured H3K4me3-active marks on the promoters of early mineralization genes RUNX2, MSX2, and DLX5, while OSX, IBSP, and BGLAP promoters were enriched for H3K9me3 or H3K27me3. Compared to DF cells, DP cells expressed higher levels of three pluripotency-associated genes, OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2. Finally, gene ontology comparison of bivalent marks unique for DP and DF cells highlighted cell-cell attachment genes in DP cells and neurogenesis genes in DF cells. In conclusion, the present study indicates that the DF intermediate odontogenic neural crest lineage is distinguished from its DP counterpart by epigenetic repression of DSPP and DMP1 genes and through dynamic histone enrichment responses to mineralization induction. Findings presented here highlight the crucial role of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in the terminal differentiation of odontogenic neural crest lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Gopinathan
- UIC Brodie Laboratory for Craniofacial Genetics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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Niño-Barrera JL, Garzón-Alvarado DA. Does the Geometric Location of Odontoblast Differentiation and Dentinal Tubules Depend on a Reaction-Diffusion System between BMP2 and Noggin? A Mathematical Model. J Endod 2012; 38:1635-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Li Y, Lü X, Sun X, Bai S, Li S, Shi J. Odontoblast-like cell differentiation and dentin formation induced with TGF-β1. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:1221-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Kettunen P, Furmanek T, Chaulagain R, Kvinnsland IH, Luukko K. Developmentally regulated expression of intracellular Fgf11-13, hormone-like Fgf15 and canonical Fgf16, -17 and -20 mRNAs in the developing mouse molar tooth. Acta Odontol Scand 2011; 69:360-6. [PMID: 21449687 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2011.568968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate and compare the cellular expression of non-secreted Fgf11-14 and secreted Fgf15-18 and -20 mRNAs during tooth formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS mRNA expression was analyzed from the morphological initiation of the mouse mandibular first molar development to the onset of crown calcification using sectional in situ hybridization. RESULTS This study found distinct, differentially regulated expression patterns for the Fgf11-13, -15-17 and -20, in particular in the epithelial-mesenchymal interface, whereas Fgf14 and 18 mRNAs were not detected. Fgf11, -15, -16, -17 and -20 were seen in the epithelium, whereas Fgf12 and -13 signals were restricted to the mesenchymal tissue component of the tooth. Fgf11 was observed in the putative epithelial signaling areas, the tertiary enamel knots and enamel free areas of the calcifying crown. Fgf15, Fgf17 and -20 were transiently colocalized in the thickened dental epithelium at E11.5. Later Fgf15 and -20 were exclusively expressed in the epithelial enamel knot signaling centers. In contrast, Fgf13 was present in the dental mesenchyme including odontoblasts cell lineage, whereas Fgf12 appeared transiently in the preodontoblasts. CONCLUSIONS The expression of the Fgf11-13, -15, -17 and -20 in the epithelial signaling centers and/or epithelial-mesenchymal interfaces at key stages of the tooth formation suggest important functions in odontogenesis. Future analyses of the transgenic mice will help elucidate in vivo functions of the studied Fgfs during odontogenesis and whether any of the functions of the tooth expressed epithelial and mesenchymal Fgfs of different sub-families are redundant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Kettunen
- Section of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway.
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Dentinogenic capacity: immature root papilla stem cells versus mature root pulp stem cells. Biol Cell 2011; 103:185-96. [PMID: 21323645 DOI: 10.1042/bc20100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Immature dental papilla stem cells and mature dental pulp stem cells are capable of performing the dentinogenesis under suitable circumstances. However, a dentinogenic comparison between immature and mature dental root stem cells remains unknown. RESULTS iRPSCs (immature root papilla stem cells) at the root-forming stage and mRPSCs (mature root pulp stem cells) at the root-completed stage were isolated from 16-day-old and 8-week-old rat first molar roots, respectively. Growth kinetics and flow cytometry results showed that iRPSCs presented more active proliferation properties than mRPSCs. Their odontoblastic differentiation and dentinogenic potential were subsequently compared both in vitro and in vivo. iRPSCs exhibited a more potent odontoblastic differentiation than mRPSCs in vitro, as indicated by the higher levels of gene expression for dentin sialophosphoprotein and ALP (alkaline phosphatase), increased protein expression of dentin sialoprotein and runt-related transcription factor 2, decreased gene/protein expression for osterix/osteocalcin (osteogenic markers), elevated ALP activity and enhanced calcium deposition in the mineralization-inducing media. Allotransplantation results demonstrated that all iRPSCs pellets in vivo performed typical dentinogenesis, whereas mRPSCs pellets mainly produced bone-like tissues. CONCLUSION iRPSCs presented stronger dentinogenesis but weaker osteogenesis than did mRPSCs, suggesting that the dentinogenic competence of root mesenchymal stem cells decreases, whereas their osteogenic potential the increases following the maturation of the tooth root.
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Yao N, Li S, Jiang Y, Qiu S, Tan Y. Amelogenin promotes odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cell differentiation via activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 355:91-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0842-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Balic A, Mina M. Identification of secretory odontoblasts using DMP1-GFP transgenic mice. Bone 2011; 48:927-37. [PMID: 21172466 PMCID: PMC3062740 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Terminal differentiation of odontoblasts from dental papilla is a long process involving several intermediate steps and changes in the transcriptional profile and expression of proteins secreted by cells in the odontoblast lineage. Transgenic mouse lines in which GFP expression is under the control of tissue- and stage specific promoters have provided powerful experimental tools for identification and isolation of cells at specific stages of differentiation along a lineage. Our previous studies showed utilization of pOBCol3.6GFP and pOBCol2.3GFP animals for identification of odontoblasts at early and late stages of polarization respectively. In the present study we used the DMP1-GFP transgenic animal as an experimental model to examine its expression during the differentiation of odontoblasts from progenitor cells in vivo and in vitro. Our observations showed that DMP1-GFP transgene is first activated in secretory/functional odontoblasts engaged in secretion of predentin and then transiently expressed at high levels in newly differentiated odontoblasts. Expression of DMP1-GFP was down-regulated in highly differentiated odontoblasts. The temporal and spatial pattern of expression of DMP1-GFP transgene closely mimics the expression of endogenous DMP1. This transgenic animal will facilitate studies of gene expression and biological functions in secretory/functional odontoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Balic
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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Dentinogenic potential of human adult dental pulp cells during the extended primary culture. Hum Cell 2011; 24:43-50. [PMID: 21547695 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-011-0010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite the frequent use of primary dental pulp cells in dental regenerative research, few systematic studies of stemness for osteogenic and dentinogenic differentiation of human adult pulp cells have been reported. To investigate the stemness of human adult dental pulp cells, pulp tissues were obtained from extracted third molars and used as a source of pulp cells. In FACS analysis and immunophenotyping, the general mesenchymal stem cell markers CD44, CD90, and CD146 were highly expressed in early passages of the pulp cell culture. The stem cell population was dramatically decreased in an expansion culture of human dental pulp cells. When pulp cells were treated with additives such as β-glycerophosphate, ascorbic acid, and dexamethasone, nodule formation was facilitated and mineralization occurred within 2 weeks. Expression of osteogenic markers such as alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and osteonectin was relatively low in undifferentiated cells, but increased significantly under differentiation conditions in whole passages. Dentinogenic markers such as dentin sialophosphoprotein and dentin matrix protein-1 appeared to decrease in their expression with increasing passage number; however, peak levels of expression occurred at around passage 5. These data suggested that stem cells with differentiation potential might exist in the dental pulp primary culture, and that their phenotypes were changed during expansion culture over 8-9 passages. Under these conditions, a dentinogenic population of pulp cells occurred in limited early passages, whereas osteogenic cells occurred throughout the whole passage range.
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Küchler EC, Menezes R, Callahan N, Costa MC, Modesto A, Meira R, Patir A, Seymen F, Paiva KBS, Nunes FD, Granjeiro JM, Vieira AR. MMP1 and MMP20 contribute to tooth agenesis in humans. Arch Oral Biol 2010; 56:506-11. [PMID: 21144496 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Variations in genes that are critical for tooth formation may contribute to the tooth agenesis. MMPs are potential candidate genes for dental alterations based on the roles they play during embryogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between MMP1, MMP3, and MMP20 and tooth agenesis. METHODS One hundred sixty-seven nuclear families from two different populations were analysed, 116 from Brazil and 51 from Turkey. Probands had at least one congenitally missing tooth. DNA samples were obtained from blood or saliva samples and genotyping was performed using TaqMan chemistry. In addition, Mmp20 was selected for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis with SYBR Green I Dye in mouse tooth development. RESULTS Associations between tooth agenesis and MMP1 (p=0.007), and MMP20 (p=0.03) were found in Brazilian families. In the total dataset, MMP20 continued to be associated with tooth agenesis (p=0.01). Mmp20 was not expressed during the initial stages of tooth development. CONCLUSION Our findings provide evidence that MMP1 and MMP20 play a role in human tooth agenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika C Küchler
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biology Institute and Cell Therapy Center, Unit of Clinical Research, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Cao H, Florez S, Amen M, Huynh T, Skobe Z, Baldini A, Amendt BA. Tbx1 regulates progenitor cell proliferation in the dental epithelium by modulating Pitx2 activation of p21. Dev Biol 2010; 347:289-300. [PMID: 20816801 PMCID: PMC3334818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tbx1(-/-) mice present with phenotypic effects observed in DiGeorge syndrome patients however, the molecular mechanisms of Tbx1 regulating craniofacial and tooth development are unclear. Analyses of the Tbx1 null mice reveal incisor microdontia, small cervical loops and BrdU labeling reveals a defect in epithelial cell proliferation. Furthermore, Tbx1 null mice molars are lacking normal cusp morphology. Interestingly, p21 (associated with cell cycle arrest) is up regulated in the dental epithelium of Tbx1(-/-) embryos. These data suggest that Tbx1 inhibits p21 expression to allow for cell proliferation in the dental epithelial cervical loop, however Tbx1 does not directly regulate p21 expression. A new molecular mechanism has been identified where Tbx1 inhibits Pitx2 transcriptional activity and decreases the expression of Pitx2 target genes, p21, Lef-1 and Pitx2c. p21 protein is increased in PITX2C transgenic mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF) and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrate endogenous Pitx2 binding to the p21 promoter. Tbx1 attenuates PITX2 activation of endogenous p21 expression and Tbx1 null MEFs reveal increased Pitx2a and activation of Pitx2c isoform expression. Tbx1 physically interacts with the PITX2 C-terminus and represses PITX2 transcriptional activation of the p21, LEF-1, and Pitx2c promoters. Tbx1(-/+)/Pitx2(-/+) double heterozygous mice present with an extra premolar-like tooth revealing a genetic interaction between these factors. The ability of Tbx1 to repress PITX2 activation of p21 may promote cell proliferation. In addition, PITX2 regulation of p21 reveals a new role for PITX2 in repressing cell proliferation. These data demonstrate new functional mechanisms for Tbx1 in tooth morphogenesis and provide a molecular basis for craniofacial defects in DiGeorge syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huojun Cao
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Sergio Florez
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Melanie Amen
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Tuong Huynh
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ziedonis Skobe
- Department of Biomineralization, The Forsyth Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Antonio Baldini
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Brad A. Amendt
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX
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Balic A, Aguila HL, Mina M. Identification of cells at early and late stages of polarization during odontoblast differentiation using pOBCol3.6GFP and pOBCol2.3GFP transgenic mice. Bone 2010; 47:948-58. [PMID: 20728593 PMCID: PMC2957651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic mouse lines in which GFP expression is under the control of tissue- and stage specific promoters have provided powerful experimental tools for identification and isolation of cells at specific stage of differentiation along a lineage. In the present study, we used primary cell cultures derived from the dental pulp from pOBCol3.6GFP and pOBCol2.3GFP transgenic mice as a model to develop markers for early stages of odontoblast differentiation from progenitor cells. We analyzed the temporal and spatial expression of 2.3-GFP and 3.6-GFP during in vitro mineralization. Using FACS to separate cells based on GFP expression, we obtained relatively homogenous subpopulations of cells and analyzed their dentinogenic potentials and their progression into odontoblasts. Our observations showed that these transgenes were activated before the onset of matrix deposition and in cells at different stages of polarization. The 3.6-GFP transgene was activated in cells in early stages of polarization, whereas the 2.3-GFP transgene was activated at a later stage of polarization just before or at the time of formation of secretory odontoblast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Balic
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - H. Leonardo Aguila
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Mina Mina
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
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Kettunen P, Kivimäe S, Keshari P, Klein OD, Cheyette BNR, Luukko K. Dact1-3 mRNAs exhibit distinct expression domains during tooth development. Gene Expr Patterns 2010; 10:140-3. [PMID: 20170752 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2009] [Revised: 02/07/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling is essential for tooth formation and Dact proteins modulate Wnt signaling by binding to the intracellular protein Dishevelled (Dvl). Comparison of the three known mouse Dact genes, Dact1-3, from the morphological initiation of mandibular first molar development through the onset of root formation using section in situ hybridization showed distinct, complementary and overlapping expression patterns for these genes. Whereas Dact2 expression was restricted to the dental epithelium, including the enamel knot signaling centers and pre-ameloblasts, Dact1 and Dact3 showed developmentally regulated expression in the dental mesenchyme. Both Dact1 and Dact3 mRNAs were first detected in the presumptive dental mesenchyme. After being downregulated from the condensing dental mesenchyme of the bud stage tooth germ, Dact1 was upregulated in the dental follicle mesenchyme at the cap stage and subsequently also in the dental papilla at the bell stage, where the expression persisted to the postnatal stages. In contrast, Dact3 transcripts persisted throughout the dental mesenchyme, including the preodontoblasts, during embryogenesis before transcripts were largely downregulated from the tooth germ postnatally. Collectively, these results suggest that Dact1 and -3 may contribute to early tooth formation by modulation of Wnt signaling pathways in the mesenchyme, including preodontoblasts, whereas Dact2 may play important signal-modulating roles in the adjacent epithelial cells including the enamel knot signaling centers and pre-ameloblasts. Future loss-of-function studies will help elucidate whether any of these functions are redundant, particularly for Dact1 and Dact3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Kettunen
- Section of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway.
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Can interaction of materials with the dentin-pulp complex contribute to dentin regeneration? Odontology 2010; 98:2-14. [PMID: 20155502 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-009-0116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Understanding outcomes of the interaction between a dental material and tooth tissue is important in terms not only of biocompatibility but also of the potential for the material to modulate the response of the tissue. This interaction is influenced by many factors, including the chemistry of the material and any of its eluted components or degradation products, and the manner in which the tissue responds to these agents. Past studies of this interaction have primarily been aimed at identifying cytotoxic effects. More recently, investigations have focused on specific cellular responses, and in particular, on understanding how the materials themselves actually may contribute to regenerative processes in the tooth. Recent work has demonstrated the solubilization of proteins from dentin exposed to certain materials, such as calcium hydroxide, mineral trioxide aggregate, and acidic solutions that relate to those used in dentin bonding agents, with the subsequent modulation by these proteins of gene expression in odontoblast-like cells. This work suggests that dentin bridge formation under such materials may be stimulated through this process. Thus, there is much merit in examining both how new dental materials can be developed and how more traditional ones can be modified to preferentially stimulate regenerative processes when preferred. This review summarizes current knowledge about the potential beneficial effects derived from the interaction of dental materials with the dentin-pulp complex, as well as potential future developments in this exciting field.
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d'Aquino R, De Rosa A, Laino G, Caruso F, Guida L, Rullo R, Checchi V, Laino L, Tirino V, Papaccio G. Human dental pulp stem cells: from biology to clinical applications. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2009; 312B:408-15. [PMID: 19065566 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.21263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) can be found within the "cell rich zone" of dental pulp. Their embryonic origin, from neural crests, explains their multipotency. Up to now, two groups have studied these cells extensively, albeit with different results. One group claims that these cells produce a "dentin-like tissue", whereas the other research group has demonstrated that these cells are capable of producing bone, both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, it has been reported that these cells can be easily cryopreserved and stored for long periods of time and still retain their multipotency and bone-producing capacity. Moreover, recent attention has been focused on tissue engineering and on the properties of these cells: several scaffolds have been used to promote 3-D tissue formation and studies have demonstrated that DPSCs show good adherence and bone tissue formation on microconcavity surface textures. In addition, adult bone tissue with good vascularization has been obtained in grafts. These results enforce the notion that DPSCs can be used successfully for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo d'Aquino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Istologia ed Embriologia, TESLab, Secondo Ateneo di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
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Graziano A, d'Aquino R, Laino G, Papaccio G. Dental pulp stem cells: a promising tool for bone regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 4:21-6. [PMID: 18300003 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-008-9013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human tissues are different in term of regenerative properties. Stem cells are a promising tool for tissue regeneration, thanks to their particular characteristics of proliferation, differentiation and plasticity. Several "loci" or "niches" within the adult human body are colonized by a significant number of stem cells. However, access to these potential collection sites often is a limiting point. The interaction with biomaterials is a further point that needs to be considered for the therapeutic use of stem cells. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have been demonstrated to answer all of these issues: access to the collection site of these cells is easy and produces very low morbidity; extraction of stem cells from pulp tissue is highly efficiency; they have an extensive differentiation ability; and the demonstrated interactivity with biomaterials makes them ideal for tissue reconstruction. SBP-DPSCs are a multipotent stem cell subpopulation of DPSCs which are able to differentiate into osteoblasts, synthesizing 3D woven bone tissue chips in vitro and that are capable to synergically differentiate into osteoblasts and endotheliocytes. Several studied have been performed on DPSCs and they mainly found that these cells are multipotent stromal cells that can be safety cryopreserved, used with several scaffolds, that can extensively proliferate, have a long lifespan and build in vivo an adult bone with Havers channels and an appropriate vascularization. A definitive proof of their ability to produce dentin has not been yet done. Interestingly, they seem to possess immunoprivileges as they can be grafted into allogenic tissues and seem to exert anti-inflammatory abilities, like many other mesenchymal stem cells. The easy management of dental pulp stem cells make them feasible for use in clinical trials on human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Graziano
- Dipartimento di Discipline Odontostomatologiche, Ortodontiche e Chirurgiche, Secondo Ateneo di Napoli (Italy), Naples, Italy
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Transcriptome-based systematic identification of extracellular matrix proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:12849-54. [PMID: 18757743 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0803640105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM), which provides critical scaffolds for all adhesive cells, regulates proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Different cell types employ customized ECMs, which are thought to play important roles in the generation of so-called niches that contribute to cell-specific functions. The molecular entities of these customized ECMs, however, have not been elucidated. Here, we describe a strategy for transcriptome-wide identification of ECM proteins based on computational screening of >60,000 full-length mouse cDNAs for secreted proteins, followed by in vitro functional assays. These assays screened the candidate proteins for ECM-assembling activities, interactions with other ECM molecules, modifications with glycosaminoglycans, and cell-adhesive activities, and were then complemented with immunohistochemical analysis. We identified 16 ECM proteins, of which seven were localized in basement membrane (BM) zones. The identification of these previously unknown BM proteins allowed us to construct a body map of BM proteins, which represents the comprehensive immunohistochemistry-based expression profiles of the tissue-specific customization of BMs.
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Townsend G, Harris EF, Lesot H, Clauss F, Brook A. Morphogenetic fields within the human dentition: a new, clinically relevant synthesis of an old concept. Arch Oral Biol 2008; 54 Suppl 1:S34-44. [PMID: 18760768 PMCID: PMC2981872 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2008.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Revised: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the concept of morphogenetic fields within the dentition that was first proposed by Butler (Butler PM. Studies of the mammalian dentition. Differentiation of the post-canine dentition. Proc Zool Soc Lond B 1939;109:1–36), then adapted for the human dentition by Dahlberg (Dahlberg AA. The changing dentition of man. J Am Dent Assoc 1945;32:676–90; Dahlberg AA. The dentition of the American Indian. In: Laughlin WS, editor. The Physical Anthropology of the American Indian. New York: Viking Fund Inc.; 1951. p. 138–76). The clone theory of dental development, proposed by Osborn (Osborn JW. Morphogenetic gradients: fields versus clones. In: Butler PM, Joysey KA, editors Development, function and evolution of teeth. London: Academic Press, 1978. p. 171–201), is then considered before these two important concepts are interpreted in the light of recent findings from molecular, cellular, genetic and theoretical and anthropological investigation. Sharpe (Sharpe PT. Homeobox genes and orofacial development. Connect Tissue Res 1995;32:17–25) put forward the concept of an odontogenic homeobox code to explain how different tooth classes are initiated in different parts of the oral cavity in response to molecular cues and the expression of specific groups of homeobox genes. Recently, Mitsiadis and Smith (Mitsiadis TA, Smith MM. How do genes make teeth to order through development? J Exp Zool (Mol Dev Evol) 2006; 306B:177–82.) proposed that the field, clone and homeobox code models could all be incorporated into a single model to explain dental patterning. We agree that these three models should be viewed as complementary rather than contradictory and propose that this unifying view can be extended into the clinical setting using findings on dental patterning in individuals with missing and extra teeth. The proposals are compatible with the unifying aetiological model developed by Brook (Brook AH. A unifying aetiological explanation for anomalies of tooth number and size. Archs Oral Biol 1984;29:373–78) based on human epidemiological and clinical findings. Indeed, this new synthesis can provide a sound foundation for clinical diagnosis, counselling and management of patients with various anomalies of dental development as well as suggesting hypotheses for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Townsend
- School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
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Saini T, Ogunleye A, Levering N, Norton NS, Edwards P. Multiple enamel pearls in two siblings detected by volumetric computed tomography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2008; 37:240-4. [PMID: 18460580 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/86859829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A rare case of multiple enamel pearl formation is presented involving the maxillary molars in two siblings incidentally recognized during volumetric CT examination. Although the pathogenesis of ectopic enamel formation is not known, possible mechanisms to account for this phenomenon are discussed in the context of current knowledge regarding root genesis. The radiographic presentation of enamel pearls and its clinical significance is also discussed. The observation of multiple enamel pearls in two siblings raises the possibility of a hereditary association in the formation of enamel pearls.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Saini
- Department of General Dentistry, Creighton University Medical Center, School of Dentistry, Omaha, NE 68178, USA.
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Fluoride at non-toxic dose affects odontoblast gene expression in vitro. Toxicology 2008; 249:26-34. [PMID: 18511171 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2008.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2008] [Revised: 03/31/2008] [Accepted: 04/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Elevated fluoride intake may lead to local tissue disturbances, known as fluorosis. Towards an understanding of this effect, fluoride-induced molecular responses were analyzed in MO6-G3 cultured odontoblasts cells. NaF at 1mM changed expression of genes implicated in tissue formation and growth, without affecting cell proliferation or inducing stress factor RNAs. Up to 1mM NaF, DNA accumulation was not inhibited, whereas at 3mM, cells detached from their support and did not proliferate. Intracellular structures, characterized by EM, were normal up to 1mM, but at 3mM, necrotic features were evident. No sign of apoptotic transformation appeared at any NaF concentration. Fluoride-sensitive genes were identified by microarray analysis; expression levels of selected RNAs were determined by conventional and real-time RT-PCR. At 1mM fluoride, RNAs encoding the extracellular matrix proteins asporin and fibromodulin, and the cell membrane associated proteins periostin and IMT2A were 10-fold reduced. RNA coding for signaling factor TNF-receptor 9 was diminished to one-third, whereas that for the chemokine Scya-5 was enhanced 2.5-fold. These RNAs are present in vivo in tooth forming cells. This was demonstrated by in situ hybridization and RT-PCR on RNA from dissected tissue samples; for the presence and functioning of fibromodulin in dentin matrix, a more comprehensive study has earlier been performed by others [Goldberg, M., Septier, D., Oldberg, A., Young, M.F., Ameye, L.G., 2006. Fibromodulin deficient mice display impaired collagen fibrillogenesis in predentin as well as altered dentin mineralization and enamel formation. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 54, 525-537]. Expression of most other RNA species, in particular of stress factor coding RNAs, was not altered. It was concluded that fluoride could influence the transcription pattern without inducing cell stress or apoptosis. In odontoblasts in vivo, aberrant expression of these fluoride-sensitive genes may impair the formation of the extracellular matrix and influence cell communication, with the possible consequence of fluorotic patterns of normal and deviant dentin.
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Graziano A, d'Aquino R, Laino G, Proto A, Giuliano MT, Pirozzi G, De Rosa A, Di Napoli D, Papaccio G. Human CD34+ stem cells produce bone nodules in vivo. Cell Prolif 2008; 41:1-11. [PMID: 18211282 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2007.00497.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to select and provide enough stem cells for quick transplantation in bone engineering procedures, avoiding any in vitro expansion step. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dental germ pulp, collected from 25 healthy subjects aged 13-20 years, were subjected to magnetic-activated cell sorting to select a CD34(+) stem cell population capable of differentiating into pre-osteoblasts. These cells were allowed to adhere to an absorbable polylactic-coglycolic acid scaffold for 30 min, without any prior expansion, and the CD34(+) cell-colonized scaffolds were then transplanted into immunocompromised rats, subcutaneously. RESULTS After 60 days, analysis of recovered transplants revealed that they were formed of nodules of bone, of the same dimensions as the original scaffold. Bone-specific proteins were detected by immunofluorescence, within the nodules, and X-ray diffraction patterns revealed characteristic features of bone. In addition, presence of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule and von Willebrand factor immunoreactivity were suggestive of neo-angiogenesis and neovasculogenesis taking place within nodules. Importantly, these vessels were HLA-1(+) and, thus, clearly human in origin. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that CD34(+) cells obtained from dental pulp can be used for engineering bone, without the need for prior culture expanding procedures. Using autologous stem cells, this schedule could be used to provide the basis for bone regenerative surgery, with limited sacrifice of tissue, low morbidity at the collection site, and significant reduction in time needed for clinical recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Graziano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione Istologia ed Embriologia, TESLab, Secondo Ateneo di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
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