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Lozano-Paniagua D, Parrón T, Alarcón R, Requena M, Lacasaña M, Hernández AF. A Th2-type immune response and low-grade systemic inflammatory reaction as potential immunotoxic effects in intensive agriculture farmers exposed to pesticides. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 938:173545. [PMID: 38802022 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Pesticides are chemicals widely used in agriculture to keep crops healthy and prevent them from being destroyed by pests, thus contributing to a sustainable food and feed production. However, long-term exposure to these compounds may be harmful to human health as they can affect the function of various organs systems, including the immune system. There is growing evidence that pesticides may increase the risk of developing immune-based diseases and inflammation. This study assessed whether greenhouse farmers occupationally exposed to pesticides presented alterations in immunoregulatory proteins, used as surrogate biomarkers of immune function. The study population consisted of 175 greenhouse workers occupationally exposed to pesticides and 91 non-exposed controls. Serum levels of 27 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors were measured using a magnetic bead-based immunoassay in a subpopulation of 111 greenhouse workers and 79 non-exposed controls. Since analytical determinations were performed in two periods of the same crop season with different use of pesticides (period of high and low pesticide exposure), linear mixed models for repeated measures were used to optimize statistical inference. The increase in IL-13, IL-4 and IL-6 observed in greenhouse workers compared to controls, and in the period of high exposure to pesticides relative to that of low exposure, suggest an altered Th1/Th2 balance towards the Th2 response. This finding points to a type-2 inflammation commonly presented as allergic inflammation, which has often been reported in farm-workers and in which pesticide exposure is considered a risk factor. Furthermore, the increase in IL-1β and VEGF, mediators of inflammation and angiogenesis, may suggest a low-grade systemic inflammation that might underlie chronic pathological conditions linked to pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tesifón Parrón
- University of Almería School of Health Sciences, Almería, Spain
| | - Raquel Alarcón
- University of Almería School of Health Sciences, Almería, Spain
| | - Mar Requena
- University of Almería School of Health Sciences, Almería, Spain
| | - Marina Lacasaña
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Spain; Andalusian Health and Environment Observatory (OSMAN), Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio F Hernández
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Spain; Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain.
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Abimbola SO, Konstantinou C, Xeni C, Charisiadis P, Makris KC. An anti-inflammatory response of an organic food intervention by reducing pesticide exposures in children of Cyprus: A cluster-randomized crossover trial. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118710. [PMID: 38493848 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Organic food consumption in children has been shown to reduce the body burden of chemical pesticides. However, there is little evidence of human health benefits associated with the consumption of organic foods. The objectives were to i) determine the effectiveness of an organic food intervention treatment in reducing the magnitude of an inflammation biomarker (C-reactive protein, CRP) in children (10-12 years) and ii) assess the association between the urinary biomarkers of exposure to pesticides and CRP. This work was part of the ORGANIKO cluster-randomized cross-over trial entailing a 40-day organic food treatment in healthy children. Urinary biomarkers of exposure to pesticides and inflammation (CRP) were measured using tandem mass spectrometry and ELISA immunoassay, respectively. Linear mixed-effect regression models of CRP were used to account for the effect and duration of organic food treatment. Multiple comparisons were handled using Benjamini-Hochberg correction. Results supported an anti-inflammatory effect of organic food treatment in children, albeit with mixed results, depending on the creatinine adjustment method; biomarker levels were divided by urinary creatinine (method a1), or urinary creatinine was used as a fixed effect variable (a2). In the a1 method, a time-dependent reduction for creatinine-adjusted CRP (β = -0.019; 95% CI: -0.031, -0.006; q = 0.045) was observed during the organic food intervention period. A statistically significant association (β = 0.104; 95% CI: 0.035, 0.173; q = 0.045) was found between the biomarker of pyrethroids exposure (3-PBA) and CRP inflammatory biomarker, but not for 6-CN. In the a2 method, similar trend of time-dependent reduction for creatinine-adjusted CRP (β = -0.008; 95% CI: -0.021, 0.004; p = 0.197) was observed during the organic food intervention period, but did not reach statistical significance (q > 0.05); the associations of pyrethroid and neonicotinoid biomarkers with CRP were not statistically significant (q > 0.05). More studies are warranted to sufficiently understand the potential anti-inflammatory response of an organic food treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Olushola Abimbola
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus.
| | - Corina Konstantinou
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Christina Xeni
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Pantelis Charisiadis
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Konstantinos C Makris
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus.
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Abbasi M, Aziz R, Rafiq MT, Bacha AUR, Ullah Z, Ghaffar A, Mustafa G, Nabi I, Hayat MT. Efficient performance of InP and InP/ZnS quantum dots for photocatalytic degradation of toxic aquatic pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:19986-20000. [PMID: 38368301 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32479-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the growing concern over the presence of toxic aquatic pollutants has prompted intensive research into effective and environmentally friendly remediation methods. Photocatalysis using semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) has developed as a promising technology for pollutant degradation. Among various QD materials, indium phosphide (InP) and its hybrid with zinc sulfide (ZnS) have gained considerable attention due to their unique optical and photocatalytic properties. Herein, InP and InP/ZnS QDs were employed for the removal of dyes (crystal violet, and congo red), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (pyrene, naphthalene, and phenanthrene), and pesticides (deltamethrin) in the presence of visible light. The degradation efficiencies of crystal violet (CV) and congo red (CR) were 74.54% and 88.12% with InP, and 84.53% and 91.78% with InP/ZnS, respectively, within 50 min of reaction. The InP/ZnS showed efficient performance for the removal of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). For example, the removal percentage for naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene was 99.8%, 99.6%, and 88.97% after the photocatalytic reaction. However, the removal percentage of InP/ZnS for pesticide deltamethrin was 90.2% after 90 min light irradiation. Additionally, advanced characterization techniques including UV-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), photoluminescence (PL), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) elemental mapping, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to analyze the crystal structure, morphology, and purity of the fabricated materials in detail. The particle size results obtained from TEM are in the range of 2.28-4.60 nm. Both materials (InP and InP/ZnS) exhibited a spherical morphology, displaying distinct lattice fringes. XRD results of InP depicted lattice planes (111), (220), and (311) in good agreement with cubic geometry. Furthermore, the addition of dopants was discovered to enhance the thermal stability of the fabricated material. In addition, QDs exhibited efficacy in the breakdown of PAHs. The analysis of their fragmentation suggests that the primary mechanism for PAHs degradation is the phthalic acid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Abbasi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Rukhsanda Aziz
- Environmental Science Program, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Rafiq
- Environmental Science Program, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Aziz Ur Rahim Bacha
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zahid Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Abdul Ghaffar
- Isotope Application Division, PINSTECH, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Nabi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Malik Tahir Hayat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
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Dar SA, Das S, Hakami MA, Akhter N, Mustafa M, Jawed A, Bhattacharya SN, Banerjee BD, Ahmad A. Organochlorine pesticides disrupt T helper cell regulation and reduce IL-2 and IFN-γ favoring infection and production of autoantibodies among pemphigus patients. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 95:105764. [PMID: 38101492 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The list of environmental factors that trigger autoimmune diseases in genetically susceptible individuals has grown in the recent years and is far from complete. The possible intervention of the environment in triggering these diseases is ever more perceived by the clinicians. This study investigated the effect of environmental factors like organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) on proportions of different T lymphocyte subsets and their cytokine secretion in-vitro among pemphigus patients, before and after specific immunosuppressive therapy. Higher levels of OCPs like β-HCH (isoform of hexachlorohexane), α-endosulfan (a form of endosulfan) and p,p΄-DDE (a metabolite of o,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) were observed in the blood of pemphigus patients as compared to healthy controls. HCH and DDT exposure caused specific reduction in CD8+CD45RA+ and CD4+CD25+ T lymphocyte subpopulations in these patient PBMCs. A strong reduction in Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-γ) cytokines upon exposure to these OCPs in-vitro was also observed. These findings indicate that HCH and DDT have a significant impact on Th1 lymphocytes. Impaired production of these cytokines might favor infections and production of autoantibodies. We therefore speculate that the systemic absorption of the pesticide after the topical contact may be one of the factors triggering the immunological mechanism among pemphigus patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Ahmad Dar
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi 110095, India; Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shukla Das
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi 110095, India
| | - Mohammed Ageeli Hakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Al- Quwayiyah 19254, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naseem Akhter
- Department of Biology, Arizona State University, Lake Havasu City, AZ 86403, USA
| | - Mohammad Mustafa
- Scientific Research Centre, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 12486, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Jawed
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sambit Nath Bhattacharya
- Department of Dermatology & STD, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi 110095, India
| | - Basu Dev Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi 110095, India
| | - Abrar Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Sapbamrer R, Sittitoon N, Thongtip S, Chaipin E, Sutalangka C, Chaiut W, La-up A, Thirarattanasunthon P, Thammachai A, Suwannakul B, Sangkarit N, Kitro A, Panumasvivat J. Acute health symptoms related to perception and practice of pesticides use among farmers from all regions of Thailand. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1296082. [PMID: 38259756 PMCID: PMC10800609 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1296082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Occupational exposure to pesticides may cause acute health effects for farmers and agricultural workers. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the prevalence of poisoning symptoms related pesticide exposure among farmers from all regions of Thailand, as well as factors linked to poisoning symptoms of neurological and neuromuscular systems, the respiratory system, and eye and skin disorders. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted in 4,035 farmers who lived in four regions of Thailand. The samples were chosen using stratified random sampling, with 746 for the Central region, 2,065 for the North-East, 586 for the North, and 638 for the South. Results The results found that the highest prevalence of poisoning symptoms was found in association with neurological and neuromuscular systems (75%), followed by the respiratory system (60.4%), the eyes (41.2%), and skin (14.8%). The most prevalent symptoms were muscle pain (49%) for neurological and neuromuscular symptoms, burning nose (37.6%) for respiratory symptoms, itchy eyes (26.3%) for eye symptoms, and rashes (14.4%) for skin symptoms. The remarkable findings were that types of pesticide use, task on the farm, types of pesticide sprayers, and perception are the crucial factors affecting all poisoning symptoms. Discussion The findings are also beneficial to the Thai government and other relevant organizations for launching measures, campaigns, or interventions to lower modifiable risk factors, resulting in reducing health risks associated with pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratana Sapbamrer
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nalin Sittitoon
- School of Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Sakesun Thongtip
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Eakasit Chaipin
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Science, Rajabhat Lampang University, Lampang, Thailand
| | - Chatchada Sutalangka
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Wilawan Chaiut
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Aroon La-up
- Nakhonsawan Campus, Mahidol University, Nakhon Sawan, Thailand
| | | | - Ajchamon Thammachai
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Boonsita Suwannakul
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Noppharath Sangkarit
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Amornphat Kitro
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jinjuta Panumasvivat
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Moro F, Sinagra JLM, Salemme A, Fania L, Mariotti F, Pira A, Didona B, Di Zenzo G. Pemphigus: trigger and predisposing factors. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1326359. [PMID: 38213911 PMCID: PMC10783816 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1326359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Pemphigus is a life-threatening autoimmune blistering disease affecting skin and mucous membranes. Despite its etiopathogenesis remains largely unknown, several trigger and predisposing factors have been reported. Pemphigus is caused by autoantibodies that target desmoglein 1 and desmoglein 3, impacting desmosome function. However, circulating autoantibodies are often the consequence of a precipitating factor that occurs in predisposed individuals. This review aims to describe and discuss almost all trigger and predisposing factors reported as possible or probable cause of the disease. Among the reported trigger factors that may induce or exacerbate pemphigus, we have found of particular interest: drug intake (especially thiol- and phenol-containing compounds), vaccines, infections, as well as some reports about pregnancy, radiations, emotional stress, pesticides and physical trauma. Moreover, we discuss the possible role of food intake in pemphigus onset and particular attention is given to dietary factors containing thiol, phenol and tannin compounds. A trigger factor is "the straw that breaks the camel's back," and often acts together with predisposing factors. Here we discuss how pemphigus onset may be influenced by genetic susceptibility and comorbidities like thyroid diseases, malignancies and other autoimmune disorders. To identify other hitherto unknown trigger and predisposing factors, well designed prospective studies are needed. In this context, future research should explore their connection with the aim to advance our understanding of pemphigus pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Moro
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata (IDI)-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dermatology Clinic, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata (IDI)-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Jo Linda Maria Sinagra
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata (IDI)-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dermatology Clinic, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata (IDI)-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Adele Salemme
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata (IDI)-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Fania
- Dermatology Clinic, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata (IDI)-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Feliciana Mariotti
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata (IDI)-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Pira
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata (IDI)-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Biagio Didona
- Rare Diseases Unit, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata (IDI)-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Zenzo
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata (IDI)-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Akossi RF, Delbac F, El Alaoui H, Wawrzyniak I, Peyretaillade E. The intracellular parasite Anncaliia algerae induces a massive miRNA down-regulation in human cells. Noncoding RNA Res 2023; 8:363-375. [PMID: 37275245 PMCID: PMC10238475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anncaliia algerae belongs to microsporidia, a group of obligate intracellular parasites related to fungi. These parasites are largely spread in water and food-webs and can infect a wide variety of hosts ranging from invertebrates to vertebrates including humans. In humans, microsporidian infections are mainly opportunistic as immunocompetent hosts can clear parasites naturally. Recent studies however have reported persistent microsporidian infections and have highlighted them as a risk factor in colon cancer. This may be a direct result of cell infection or may be an indirect effect of the infectious microenvironment and the host's response. In both cases, this raises the question of the effects of microsporidian infection at the host and host-cell levels. We aimed to address the question of human host intracellular response to microsporidian infection through a transcriptomic kinetic study of human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) infected with A.algerae, a human infecting microsporidia with an exceptionally wide host range. We focused solely on host response studying both coding and small non-coding miRNA expression. Our study revealed a generalized down-regulation of cell miRNAs throughout infection with up to 547 different miRNAs downregulated at some timepoints and also transcriptomic dysregulations that could facilitate parasite development with immune and lipid metabolism genes modulation. We also hypothesize possible small nucleic acid expropriation explaining the miRNA downregulation. This work contributes to a better understanding of the dialogue that can occur between an intracellular parasite and its host at the cellular level, and can guide future studies on microsporidian infection biology to unravel the mode of action of these minimalist parasites at the tissue or host levels.We have also generated a kinetic and comprehensive transcriptomic data set of an infectious process that can help support comparative studies in the broader field of parasitology. Lastly, these results may warrant for caution regarding microsporidian exposure and persistent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reginald Florian Akossi
- Laboratoire “Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement” (LMGE), UMR 6023, Université Clermont Auvergne and CNRS, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fréderic Delbac
- Laboratoire “Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement” (LMGE), UMR 6023, Université Clermont Auvergne and CNRS, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hicham El Alaoui
- Laboratoire “Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement” (LMGE), UMR 6023, Université Clermont Auvergne and CNRS, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ivan Wawrzyniak
- Laboratoire “Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement” (LMGE), UMR 6023, Université Clermont Auvergne and CNRS, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Eric Peyretaillade
- Laboratoire “Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement” (LMGE), UMR 6023, Université Clermont Auvergne and CNRS, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Manduca G, Zeni V, Moccia S, Benelli G, Canale A, Stefanini C, Romano D. Automated image-based analysis unveils acute effects due to sub-lethal pesticide doses exposure . ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2023; 2023:1-4. [PMID: 38082662 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are still abused in modern agriculture. The effects of their exposure to even sub-lethal doses can be detrimental to ecosystem stability and human health. This work aims to validate the use of machine learning techniques for recognizing motor abnormalities and to assess any effect post-exposure to a minimal dosage of these substances on a model organism, gaining insights into potential risks for human health. The test subject was the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), exposed to food contaminated with the LC30 of Carlina acaulis essential oil. A deep learning approach enabled the pose estimation within an arena. Statistical analysis highlighted the most significant features between treated and untreated groups. Based on this analysis, two learning-based algorithms, Random Forest (RF) and XGBoost were employed. The results were compared through different metrics. RF algorithm generated a model capable of distinguishing treated subjects with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.75 and an accuracy of 0.71. Through an image-based analysis, this study revealed acute effects due to minimal pesticide doses. So, even small amounts of these biocides drifted far from distribution areas may negatively affect the environment and humans.
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Goyat R, Singh J, Umar A, Saharan Y, Kumar V, Algadi H, Akbar S, Baskoutas S. Modified low-temperature synthesis of graphene oxide nanosheets: Enhanced adsorption, antibacterial and antioxidant properties. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114245. [PMID: 36087770 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a simple, low-temperature, ecofriendly synthesis of graphene oxide nanosheets (GONs). Graphite powder was treated with KMnO4 and a concentrated H2SO4/H3PO4 mixture to synthesize GONs. The effects of various reaction conditions such as reaction time, temperature, amounts of cleaving agents (H2SO4/H3PO4), and oxidant (KMnO4) were investigated. The synthesized GONs were examined by various techniques in order to investigate their characteristics. The best results of the synthesized GONs were observed at 35 °C within 10 h of reaction time having 8:2 ratios of H2SO4/H3PO4 acid mixture. The main absorption peak in the UV-vis spectra of GONs was at 258 nm, which is due to the π-π* transition of the atomic CC bonds. The existence of stretching vibrations of C꞊O, O-H, C-H, and C-O in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra verified the formation of GONs. Presence of a sharp peak at 2θ = 10° with an interlayer spacing distance of 0.88 nm in the observed XRD pattern revealed that the synthesized GONs were totally oxidized and that the interlayer spacing increased. The morphological investigations confirmed the formation of ultrathin, transparent, curly, and homogenous GONs. The synthesized GONs were applied as an adsorbent for the rapid uptake of four different pesticides viz.; Profenofos, Ethion, Cypermethrin, Thiamethoxam (TMX) from the pesticides spiked water samples. About 86% adsorption of Profenofos + Cypermethrin, and 50% adsorption of ethion and thiamethoxam took place within 20 min in presence of 10 mg GONs. In addition to this, the prepared GONs were tested for the antibacterial activity against four bacterial strains by agar well diffusion method. The synthesized GONs provide a significant inhibition for gram -positive (Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacterial strains. Moreover, the radical scavenging activities (RSA) of GONs were also checked and compared with Gallic acid as a standard. The obtained RSA of GONs was 60% in comparison to the 80% as of the standard Gallic acid at 1000 μg/mL concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Goyat
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133203, Haryana, India
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133203, Haryana, India.
| | - Ahmad Umar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Najran University, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Yajvinder Saharan
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133203, Haryana, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133203, Haryana, India
| | - Hassan Algadi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh Akbar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sotirios Baskoutas
- Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
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10
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Buchenauer L, Junge KM, Haange SB, Simon JC, von Bergen M, Hoh AL, Aust G, Zenclussen AC, Stangl GI, Polte T. Glyphosate differentially affects the allergic immune response across generations in mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:157973. [PMID: 35963408 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental pollutants via food, particularly during the prenatal and early postnatal periods, has been linked to adverse effects on the immune system. Among these pollutants, the widely used pesticide glyphosate has been associated with endocrine disruption, autism, and cancer. Occupational high exposure to glyphosate has also been shown to influence immune function and exacerbate allergic asthma. However, there are no studies investigating the effect of a common low-dose glyphosate exposure on the allergic immune response - neither directly nor across generations. We therefore explored the impact of oral low-dose glyphosate exposure (0.5 and 50 mg/kg body weight/day) on airway inflammation in dams (F0) and the offspring (F1 and F2 generations) using a murine multi-generational asthma model. While exposure to 50 mg/kg glyphosate induced a mild eosinophilic infiltration in the bronchoalveolar lavage and TH2 cytokine production in the dams, the F1 offspring developed a reduced immune response after maternal exposure to 0.5 mg/kg glyphosate. In particular, decreased lung inflammation, HDM-specific IgE levels, and asthma-relevant cytokine production were primarily observed in the female F1 offspring. However, not only the TH2 cytokines IL-13 and IL-5 but also the TH17 cytokine IL-17 and TH1 cytokine IFN-γ were reduced indicating a more general immunosuppressive function. Notably, the dampened immune response was no longer observed in the female F2 generation. Furthermore, female F1 offspring showed an increased abundance of bacteria in the gut, which have been associated with probiotic-mediated reduced allergic immune responses. Our results suggest a potential immunosuppressive effect of low-dose maternal glyphosate exposure in the F1 offspring that might be mediated by an altered microbiota composition. Further studies are needed to explore if this type of immune response modulation might also be associated with impairments in immune defense upon infectious diseases or even cancer pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Buchenauer
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Immunology, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University Medical Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin M Junge
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven-Bastiaan Haange
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan C Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University Medical Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Leipzig, Germany; University of Leipzig, Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Hoh
- Research Laboratories and Clinic of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Leipzig University and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gabriela Aust
- Research Laboratories and Clinic of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Leipzig University and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ana C Zenclussen
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Immunology, Leipzig, Germany; Perinatal Immunology, Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), Medical Faculty, University Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gabriele I Stangl
- Institute of Agriculture and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Tobias Polte
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Immunology, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University Medical Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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11
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Maddalon A, Masi M, Iulini M, Linciano P, Galbiati V, Marinovich M, Racchi M, Buoso E, Corsini E. Effects of endocrine active contaminating pesticides on RACK1 expression and immunological consequences in THP-1 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 95:103971. [PMID: 36084878 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that RACK1, which expression is under steroid hormone control, plays an important role in the activation of immune cells and its expression can be useful to evaluate the immunotoxic profile of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Hence, we investigated the effects of three contaminating and persistent pesticides: the fungicide vinclozolin (VIN), the herbicide atrazine (ATR) and the insecticide cypermethrin (CYP) on RACK1 expression and on innate immune response. VIN resulted in modest alteration of RACK1 while ATR and CYP reduced in a dose dependent manner RACK1 expression, ultimately leading to the decrease in lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-8 and TNF-α release and CD86 and CD54 surface marker expression. Moreover, our data indicate that, after exposure to EDCs, alterations of RACK1 expression can also occur with mechanisms not directly mediated by an interaction with a nuclear or membrane steroid receptors. Therefore, RACK1 could represent a useful EDCs screening tool to evaluate their immunotoxic potential and to dissect their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Maddalon
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Mirco Masi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12/14, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, Piazza della Vittoria 15, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Martina Iulini
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Pasquale Linciano
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12/14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Valentina Galbiati
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marina Marinovich
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Racchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12/14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Erica Buoso
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12/14, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Emanuela Corsini
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
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12
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Silva V, Yang X, Fleskens L, Ritsema CJ, Geissen V. Environmental and human health at risk - Scenarios to achieve the Farm to Fork 50% pesticide reduction goals. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 165:107296. [PMID: 35580470 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The recently released Farm to Fork Strategy of the European Union sets, for the first time, pesticide reduction goals at the EU level: 50% reduction in overall use and risk of chemical pesticides and a 50% use reduction of more hazardous pesticides. However, there is little guidance provided as to how to achieve these targets. In this study, we compiled the characteristics of all 230 EU-approved, synthetic, open-field use active substances (AS) used as herbicides, fungicides and insecticides, and explored the potential of seven Farm to Fork-inspired pesticide use reduction scenarios to achieve the 50% reduction goals. The pesticide reduction scenarios were based on recommended AS application rates, pesticide type, soil persistence, presence on the candidate for substitution list, and hazard to humans and ecosystems. All 230 AS have been found to cause negative effects on humans or ecosystems depending on exposure levels. This is found despite the incomplete hazard profiles of several AS. 'No data available' situations are often observed for the same endpoints and specific organisms. The results of the scenarios indicate that only severe pesticide use restrictions, such as allowing only low-hazard substances, will result in the targeted 50% use and risk reductions. Over half of the 230 AS considered are top use or top hazard substances, however, the reduction actions depend on the still to be defined EC priority areas and action plans, also for other recent and related strategies. Broader scenario implications (on productivity, biodiversity or economy) and the response of farmers to the pesticide use restrictions should be explored in those plans to define effective actions. Our results emphasize the need for a re-evaluation of the approved AS and of their representative uses, and the call for open access to AS, crop and region-specific use data to refine scenarios and assess effective reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Silva
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Luuk Fleskens
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Coen J Ritsema
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
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13
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Medithi S, Kasa YD, Ajumeera R, Jee B, Kodali V, Jonnalagadda PR. Effect of organophosphorus pesticide exposure on the immune cell phenotypes among farm women and their children. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2021; 77:702-710. [PMID: 34817298 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2021.2002795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest suppression of the lymphocytes function through cholinergic stimulation due to organophosphorus pesticide exposure. The study aimed to assess the alteration in the levels of immune cell phenotypes among farm women (FW) and farm children (FC) who were occupationally exposed to pesticides and age/gender-matched control subjects belonging to Rangareddy district (Telangana, India). A total of 129 FW, 129 FC and 268 age/gender-matched controls were recruited. Blood samples were collected from the selected subjects to estimate the levels of nine organophosphorus pesticide residues and CD (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+ and CD19+) cell markers using LC-MS/MS and flow cytometry, respectively. Independent t-test analysis was conducted to compare the immune cell phenotypes between exposed and control groups. Spearman's rank correlation test was further carried out to identify any possible correlation between the pesticide residues and CD markers. The mean percentage for CD4+, CD8+ and CD16+ was found to be significantly low, while for CD19 + itwas significantly high in the FW as compared to the CW group (p < 0.01). Further, the residues of chlorpyrifos and monocrotophos among FW were found to be significantly correlating with the mean percentages of CD19+ and CD8+ markers, respectively. The cell marker subsets of CD4+ and CD8+ were significantly low in FC children 9-12 years and 13-15 years age groups, respectively (p < 0.05). Also, these levels were significantly correlating with the residues of malathion and monocrotophos. The present study could indicate an alteration in the lymphocytes' subpopulations, which may thereby infer the toxicity in the first phase assessment of immunotoxicity. Therefore, further studies may be conducted to understand the suspected pesticides' mechanism along with various other factors in causing immune suppression coupled with nutritional and other related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srujana Medithi
- Food Safety Division, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Symbiosis Institute of Health Sciences (SIHS), Symbiosis International (Deemed) University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Yogeswar Dayal Kasa
- Food Safety Division, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rajanna Ajumeera
- Stem Cell Research, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Babban Jee
- Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Venkaiah Kodali
- Biostatics Division, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Padmaja R Jonnalagadda
- Food Safety Division, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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14
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Saket P, Kashyap M, Bala K, Joshi A. Microalgae and bio-polymeric adsorbents: an integrative approach giving new directions to wastewater treatment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2021; 24:536-556. [PMID: 34340616 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1952925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review analyses the account of biological (microalgae) and synthetic (bio-polymeric adsorbents) elements to compass the treatment efficiencies of various water pollutants and mechanisms behind them. While considering pollutant removal, both techniques have their own merits and demerits. Microalgal-based methods have been dominantly used as a biological method for pollutant removal. The main limitations of microalgal methods are capacity, scale, dependence on variables of environment and duration of the process. Biopolymers on the other hand are naturally produced, abundant in nature, environmentally safe and biocompatible with cells and many times biodegradable. Algal immobilization in biopolymers has promoted the reuse of cells for further treatment and protected cells from toxic environment monitoring and controlling the external factors like pH, temperature and salinity can promote the removal process while working with the mentioned technologies. In this review, a mechanistic view of both these techniques along with integrated approaches emphasizing on their loopholes and possibilities of improvement in these techniques is represented. In addition to these, the review also discusses the post-treatment effect on algal cells which are specifically dependent on pollutant type and their concentration. All these insights will aid in developing integrated solutions to improve removal efficiencies in an environmentally safe and cost-effective manner.Novelty statement The main objective of this review is to thoroughly understand the role of micro-algal cells and synthetic adsorbents individually as well as their integrative effect in the removal of pollutants from wastewater. Many reviews have been published containing information related to either removal mechanism by algae or synthetic adsorbents. While in this review we have discussed the agents, algae and synthetic adsorbents along with their limitations and explained how these limitations can be overcome with the integration of both the moieties together in process of immobilization. We have covered both the analytical and mechanistic parts of these technologies. Along with this, the post-treatment effects on algae have been discussed which can give us a critical understanding of algal response to pollutants and by-products obtained after treatment. This review contains three different sections, their importance and also explained how these technologies can be improved in the future aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Saket
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore
| | - Mrinal Kashyap
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore
| | - Kiran Bala
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore
| | - Abhijeet Joshi
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore
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15
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Maddalon A, Galbiati V, Colosio C, Mandić-Rajčević S, Corsini E. Glyphosate-based herbicides: Evidence of immune-endocrine alteration. Toxicology 2021; 459:152851. [PMID: 34246717 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate (G) is the active ingredient of the most widely used herbicide products. It targets the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), which lacks in humans, suggesting to confer a low mammalian toxicity to G-based herbicides (GBHs). Despite this, the use of G is currently under intense debate. Many studies indicating its hazard and toxicity on non-target organisms are emerging, and associations between GBHs and immune-endocrine disturbances have been described. This review aims to investigate, based on recent epidemiological studies and studies performed in vitro and in vivo in animals, the possible association between GBHs and immune-endocrine alterations. Published data suggest that GBHs have endocrine disrupting potentiality targeting sex and thyroid hormones, although its relevance for humans will require further investigations. Evidence of immunotoxicity are limited compared to those on endocrine effects, but overall highlight possible noxious effects, including lung inflammation and rhinitis. An attractive hypothesis could be the one that connects microbiota dysbiosis with possible immune-endocrine outcomes. Indeed, several intestinal microorganisms express the enzyme EPSPS and, studies are emerging that highlight a possible G-induced dysbiosis. Considering the wide use of GBHs in agriculture, further studies investigating their noxious effects at levels relevant for human exposure should be performed. A critical analysis of emerging evidence of G toxicity is required to better characterize its safety profile. In addition, attention should be paid to the differences between G alone and its formulations, which, containing substances able to increase G absorption, may present a different toxicity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Maddalon
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Galbiati
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Claudio Colosio
- Occupational Health Unit, International Centre for Rural Health, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefan Mandić-Rajčević
- Occupational Health Unit, International Centre for Rural Health, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Corsini
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental and Political Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
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16
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Ramos JSA, Pedroso TMA, Godoy FR, Batista RE, de Almeida FB, Francelin C, Ribeiro FL, Parise MR, de Melo E Silva D. Multi-biomarker responses to pesticides in an agricultural population from Central Brazil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:141893. [PMID: 32920385 PMCID: PMC7441936 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated farmworkers exposed to pesticides and individuals with no history of occupational exposure to pesticides. It was performed the comet assay to evaluate DNA damage. The immunophenotyping of TCD4+ lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood was performed by flow cytometry. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PON1, XRCC1, IL6, IL6R, TNF-α, and MIR137 genes were evaluated by real-time PCR. The exposed group was composed mostly by males (69.44%), with direct exposure to pesticides (56%) and with an average age range of 46 ± 13.89 years, being that 58.3% of farmworkers directly exposed to pesticides and reported the full use of personal protective equipment (PPE). DNA damage was greater in the exposed group (p < 0.05), reinforced by the use of PPE to denote a lower degree of DNA damage (p = 0.002). In this context, in the exposed group, we demonstrated that the use of PPE, age, gender and intoxication events were the variables that most contributed to increase DNA damage (p < 0.0001). Besides, the exposed group showed a significant increase in the subpopulations of T lymphocytes CD3+CD4+ (p < 0.05) and CD3+CD4+CD25+ (p < 0.0001) and a significant decrease in CD3+CD4+CD25-FOXP3+ (p < 0.05). SNPs in the TNF-α (rs361525) gene presented a difference in the genotype distribution between the groups (p = 0.002). The genotype distribution of TNF-α (rs361525) was also positively correlated with the DNA damage of the exposed group (r = 0.19; p = 0.01), demonstrating a higher risk of DNA damage in the farmworkers presenting the A mutated allele. Our findings demonstrate that pesticides can exert various deleterious effects on human health by damaging the DNA as well as by influencing the immune system in the case of both direct or indirect exposure and these issues are associated to age, gender, intoxication and the nonuse of PPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jheneffer Sonara Aguiar Ramos
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goias State, Brazil; Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Thays Millena Alves Pedroso
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goias State, Brazil; Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ribeiro Godoy
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Renata Elisa Batista
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Francelin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Francis Lee Ribeiro
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences, School of Agronomy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goias State, Brazil
| | - Michelle Rocha Parise
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goias State, Brazil; Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jataí, Jataí, Goias, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Melo E Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goias State, Brazil; Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences, School of Agronomy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goias State, Brazil..
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17
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Cupul-Uicab LA, Bornman R, Archer JI, Kudumu MO, Travlos GS, Wilson RE, Whitworth KW. Exposure to DDT from indoor residual spraying and biomarkers of inflammation among reproductive-aged women from South Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110088. [PMID: 32853661 PMCID: PMC7658024 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence from animal studies suggests that DDT and DDE can adversely affect immuno-competence while human data are less conclusive. We aimed to assess the association of plasma concentrations of DDT and DDE with biomarkers of inflammation among reproductive-aged women residing in homes sprayed with DDT through Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS). METHODS This study included 416 women from the Study of Women and Babies, South Africa (2010-2011). DDT, DDE, and biomarkers of inflammation (immunoglobulins A, G and M, interleukins 1β, 6, and 8, tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, serum amyloid-A, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) were quantified in plasma. Linear regression was used to assess associations of DDT and DDE with each natural log-transformed biomarker. Models were adjusted for age, body mass index, parity, income, and season; beta estimates were expressed as percent differences. RESULTS Compared to women with the lowest plasma concentrations of DDT and DDE, those with the highest concentrations of both compounds had higher levels IL-1β, IL6, and TNF- α. While associations were statistically significant for both DDT and DDE, the magnitude of the associations was slightly stronger for DDT. Compared to women in the lowest quintile of DDT, women in the highest quintile were estimated to have 53.0% (95%CI: 21.7%, 84.4%), 28.1% (95%CI: 6.4%, 49.8%), and 26.6% (95%CI: 12.0%, 41.1%) higher levels of IL-1β, IL6, and TNF- α, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that increased plasma concentrations of DDT and DDE resulting from exposure to IRS may increase concentrations of pro-inflammatory biomarkers among reproductive-aged women in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea A Cupul-Uicab
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Riana Bornman
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | | | | | - Gregory S Travlos
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Ralph E Wilson
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Kristina W Whitworth
- Epidemiology and Population Sciences Section, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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18
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Zeb S, Ali N, Ali Z, Bilal M, Adalat B, Hussain S, Gul S, Ali F, Ahmad R, khan S, Iqbal HM. Silica-based nanomaterials as designer adsorbents to mitigate emerging organic contaminants from water matrices. JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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19
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Ewere EE, Reichelt-Brushett A, Benkendorff K. The neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid, but not salinity, impacts the immune system of Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 742:140538. [PMID: 32634691 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The broad utilisation of neonicotinoids, particularly imidacloprid (IMI), in agriculture has led to unplanned contamination of aquatic systems around the world. The sublethal effects of individual pesticides on the immune system of oysters, as well as their combined effects with other environmental stressors that fluctuate in estuarine environments, such as salinity, are yet to be investigated in ecotoxicology. We investigated the acute (4 d) toxicity of IMI in two salinity regimes on the immune parameters of Sydney rock oysters (SRO), including total hemocyte counts (THC), differential hemocyte counts (DHC), phagocytosis and hemocyte aggregation (HA), hemolymph protein expression and enzyme (catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)) activities. Environmentally relevant concentrations of IMI were found to cause an increase in THC, induce GST activity, reduce HA, and inhibit AChE activity. However, DHC, CAT activity and phagocytosis were not significantly impacted at any test concentration at either salinity. IMI concentrations ≥0.01 mg/L significantly altered the expression of 28 proteins in the hemolymph of SRO, including an increase in the relative expression of extracellular superoxide dismutase, severin, ATP synthase subunit beta, as well as stress response proteins (heat shock proteins, serine/threonine-protein kinase DCLK3 and peroxiredoxin-1), and a decrease/absence of collagen alpha-4 (VI) and alpha-6 (VI) chain, metalloendopeptidase, L-ascorbate oxidase, transporter, CEP209_CC5 domain-containing protein and actin. This study indicates that the immune system of SRO can be impacted at environmentally relevant concentrations of IMI, but reduced salinity does not appear to influence the toxicity of this insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endurance E Ewere
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Amanda Reichelt-Brushett
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Kirsten Benkendorff
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia.
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Dyson JK, Blain A, Foster Shirley MD, Hudson M, Rushton S, Jeffreys Jones DE. Geo-epidemiology and environmental co-variate mapping of primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. JHEP Rep 2020; 3:100202. [PMID: 33474546 PMCID: PMC7803647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Autoimmune liver disease (AILD) is thought to result from a complex interplay between genetics and the environment. Studies to date have focussed on primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and demonstrated higher disease prevalence in more urban, polluted, and socially deprived areas. This study utilises a large cohort of patients with PBC and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) to investigate potential environmental contributors to disease and to explore whether the geo-epidemiology of PBC and PSC are disease-specific or pertain to cholestatic AILD in general. Methods All adult patients with PBC and PSC in a tightly defined geographical area within the UK were identified. Point- and area-based analyses and structural equation modelling (SEM) were used to investigate for disease clustering and examine for relationships between prevalence, distribution of environmental contaminants, and socio-economic status. Results We identified 2,150 patients with PBC and 472 with PSC. Significant spatial clustering was seen for each disease. A high prevalence of PBC was found in urban, post-industrial areas with a strong coal-mining heritage and increased environmental cadmium levels, whereas a high PSC prevalence was found in rural areas and inversely associated with social deprivation. Conclusions This study demonstrates spatial clustering of PBC and PSC and adds to our understanding of potential environmental co-variates for both diseases. Disease clustering, within the same geographical area but over different scales, is confirmed for each disease with distinct risk profiles identified and associations with separate putative environmental factors and socio-economic status. This suggests that different triggers and alternative pathways determine phenotypic expression of autoimmunity in the affected population. Co-variate analysis points towards the existence of specific disease triggers. Lay summary This study looked for potential environmental triggers in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) living in the north-east of England and north Cumbria. We found that PBC was more common in urban areas with a history of coal mining and high levels of cadmium whereas PSC was more common in rural areas with lower levels of social deprivation. Clustering of PBC and PSC patients occurs with notable geographical differences. A high prevalence of PBC is seen in urban, post-industrial areas. PSC is more common in rural areas and inversely associated with social deprivation. PBC risk is associated with proximity to coal mines and environmental cadmium levels. Comprehensive epidemiological study can increase understanding of disease aetiology.
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Key Words
- AHSN NENC, Academic Health Science Network for the North East and North Cumbria
- AIH, autoimmune hepatitis
- AILD, autoimmune liver disease
- Autoimmune hepatitis
- BECs, biliary epithelial cells
- CFI, comparative fit index
- Cadmium
- DIC, deviance information criterion
- Geo-epidemiology
- IMD, Index of Multiple Deprivation
- PBC, primary biliary cholangitis
- PSC, primary sclerosing cholangitis
- Primary biliary cholangitis
- Primary sclerosing cholangitis
- RMSEA, root mean square error of association
- Rural
- SEM, structural equation modelling
- SFS, superfund toxic waste site
- Socio-economic status
- Urban
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Katharine Dyson
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.,Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Alasdair Blain
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | | | - Mark Hudson
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.,Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Steven Rushton
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - David Emrys Jeffreys Jones
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.,Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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Meng Z, Liu L, Yan S, Sun W, Jia M, Tian S, Huang S, Zhou Z, Zhu W. Gut Microbiota: A Key Factor in the Host Health Effects Induced by Pesticide Exposure? JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:10517-10531. [PMID: 32902962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, a large number of pesticides have been widely used for plant protection. Pesticides may enter non-target organisms through multiple ways and bring potential health risks. There is a dense and diverse microbial community in the intestines of mammals, which is called the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota and its metabolites play vital roles in maintaining the health of the host. Interestingly, many studies have shown that exposure to multiple pesticides could affect the gut microbiota of the host. However, the roles of gut microbiota and its related metabolites in the host health effects induced by pesticide exposure of non-target organisms need further study. We reviewed the relationships between pesticide exposure and host health effects as well as between the gut microbiota and host health effects. Importantly, we reviewed the latest research on the gut microbiota and its metabolites in the host health effects induced by pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Meng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, People's Republic of China
| | - Sen Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Jia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Sinuo Tian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiran Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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Huang Y, Hong Y, Huang Z, He H. Cytotoxicity induced by abamectin exposure in haemocytes of Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 77:103384. [PMID: 32330854 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Abamectin is widely utilized in both agricultural and aquaculture areas in China for pest control. However, information about toxic effects of abamectin on non-target aquatic organisms is still incomplete. The Chinese mitten crab, Erocheir sinensis has been extensively bred in the rice-crab co-culture system for years, resulting in the frequent exposure to pesticides including abamectin. In the present study, a primary haemocyte culture model was established to investigate the immune response under exposure of abamectin. The results showed that medium osmolarity ranging from 360 to 480 mOsM/Kg was optimal for primary haemocyte culture from E. sinensis. Abamectin could induce significant decrease of cell viability, inhibition of phagocytic activity, as well as decline of acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activities. All parameters decreased in time- and dose- dependent manners throughout the experiment, indicating the remarkable immunosuppression of abamectin on E. sinensis and also the sensitivity of the cytotoxicology model of haemocytes in vitro under abamectin exposure. In addition, a dose dependent increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was found after 6 h exposure. It revealed that excessive generation of ROS may a main reason to the degradation of cell viability, and moreover, the decrease in immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Application of Ecology and Environmental Protection in Plateau Wetland of Sichuan, Xichang University, Xichang 415000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuhang Hong
- Key Laboratory of Application of Ecology and Environmental Protection in Plateau Wetland of Sichuan, Xichang University, Xichang 415000, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Zhiqiu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Application of Ecology and Environmental Protection in Plateau Wetland of Sichuan, Xichang University, Xichang 415000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hongying He
- Key Laboratory of Application of Ecology and Environmental Protection in Plateau Wetland of Sichuan, Xichang University, Xichang 415000, Sichuan Province, China
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23
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Hong Y, Yin H, Huang Y, Huang Q, Yang X. Immune response to abamectin-induced oxidative stress in Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 188:109889. [PMID: 31704331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is known that abamectin (ABM) inflicts oxidative damage on aquatic animals; however, knowledge about the immune response under pesticide-induced oxidative stress is incomplete. In the present study, several cellular and humoral immune parameters, including total haemocyte counts (THC), lysosomal membrane stability (LMS), activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and lysozyme (LZM) were investigated to reveal the effects of ABM exposure on the immune defence mechanisms of the important freshwater crab, Erocheir sinensis. According to the results, a significant increase of THC was found in low concentration groups (0.03 and 0.06 mg/L), while dramatic decreases occurred in high concentration groups (0.12 and 0.24 mg/L) after 96 h of exposure. We also detected significant increases of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in haemocytes at 0.12 and 0.24 mg/L, and there was a dose- and time-dependent decrease of lysosomal membrane stability. These results suggest that the excessive generation of ROS induced by ABM may be leading the massive collapse of lysosomal membrane, which in turn may be causing the sharp drop of haemocyte counts in E. sinensis. The increase of hydrolytic enzymes ACP and AKP at low concentrations and the decrease at high concentrations also indicate an immune response associated with haemocytes status under stress. However, activities of LZM decreased significantly. After injection of Aeromonas hydrophil, mortalities increased under exposure to ABM and were positively related to ABM concentration. These results confirm that ABM exposure has the ability to impair immune defence and result in the host's susceptibility to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Hong
- Key Laboratory of Application of Ecology and Environmental Protection in Plateau Wetland of Sichuan, Xichang University, Xichang, 415000, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Hongmei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Application of Ecology and Environmental Protection in Plateau Wetland of Sichuan, Xichang University, Xichang, 415000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Application of Ecology and Environmental Protection in Plateau Wetland of Sichuan, Xichang University, Xichang, 415000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Application of Ecology and Environmental Protection in Plateau Wetland of Sichuan, Xichang University, Xichang, 415000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaozhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Lingang New District, Shanghai, 201306, China
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Yadav S, Goel N, Kumar V, Singhal S. Graphene Oxide as Proficient Adsorbent for the Removal of Harmful Pesticides: Comprehensive Experimental Cum DFT Investigations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/22297928.2019.1629999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Neetu Goel
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- HR-TEM Facility Lab, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER), SAS Nagar-160062, Punjab, India
| | - Sonal Singhal
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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Eandi MA, Dezzotti L, Butinof M. Health care and exposure to pesticides in periurban horticulture: the case of the Green Belt of the City of Cordoba, Argentina. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2019; 26:1575-1584. [PMID: 33886784 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232021264.27922018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This article aims to analyze health care and exposure to pesticides within the context of productive and reproductive practices or the everyday life of horticulturists in the Green Belt of the City of Cordoba (GBCC), Argentina, from the individual, particular and general domains as the comprehensive framework of health determining processes. An explanatory analytical study was implemented which included the use of mixed methodologies between 2013 and 2017. A triangulation analysis was carried out of the results of the quantitative and qualitative aspects. It was observed that the dominant agricultural productive model has determined the deterioration of the productive conditions and exposure to pesticides of the horticultural population of the GBCC. Deficient systems for regulating land use, weak legislation and control from the State in accordance with the context impact on everyday life and block the horticulturists' individual health protection practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Andrea Eandi
- Cátedra de Epidemiología General y Nutricional, Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Edificio Escuelas 2° piso, Bvld. de la Reforma s/n, Ciudad Universitaria. Córdoba Argentina.
| | - Luciana Dezzotti
- Cátedra de Epidemiología General y Nutricional, Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Edificio Escuelas 2° piso, Bvld. de la Reforma s/n, Ciudad Universitaria. Córdoba Argentina.
| | - Mariana Butinof
- Cátedra de Epidemiología General y Nutricional, Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Edificio Escuelas 2° piso, Bvld. de la Reforma s/n, Ciudad Universitaria. Córdoba Argentina.
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26
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Kahl VFS, Simon D, de Souza MR, da Rosa VH, Nicolau C, Da Silva FR, Kvitko K, Peres A, Dorneles GP, de Souza CT, Dias JF, Da Silva J. Base excision repair (OGG1 and XRCC1) and metabolism (PON1) gene polymorphisms act on modulation of DNA damage and immune parameters in tobacco farmers. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 836:9-18. [PMID: 30442351 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are one of the most frequently investigated chemical, due to their multiple uses in agricultural and public health areas. This study evaluates lymphocytes CBMN (cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay), inflammatory markers, inorganic elements in blood samples, and the relationship of these parameters with XRCC1Arg194Trp, OGG1Ser326Cys and PON1Gln192Arg polymorphisms in a population of tobacco farmers. The study population comprised 129 agricultural workers exposed to pesticides and 91 nonexposed. Farmers had significantly increased NPB (nuclear plasmatic bridge), MN (micronucleus) and NBUD (nuclear bud) frequencies, as well as IL-6 (interleukin 6) and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha) serum levels, and decreased cytokines CD4+/CD8+ ratio. In the exposed group, XRCC1 Trp/- was correlated with decreased NDI (nuclear division index), and OGG1 Cys/- was associated with higher levels of NPB and decreased levels of IL-6. The combined effects of PON1 Arg/- and XRCC1 Arg/Arg were associated with increased NPB frequencies. In addition, the combination of PON1 Arg/- with XRCC1 Trp/- or OGG1 Cys/- influenced in increased levels of necrosis in farmers. Furthermore, tobacco farmers showed a positive correlation between TNF-α levels and NPB, CD4+/CD8+ ratio and NBUD; and IL-6 levels with both MN and NDI. The duration of years of work at tobacco fields was correlated positively with NBUD frequency. Sulfur, chlorine and potassium were found at increased levels in the exposed group when compared to the nonexposed one. These findings provide evidence that tobacco farmers' exposure have increased DNA damage and alter the immune system's response, and that XRCC1 and OGG1 polymorphisms could influence both biomarkers results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Francilia Silva Kahl
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, building 22, 4th floor, Canoas, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Simon
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, building 22, 5th floor, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Melissa Rosa de Souza
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, building 22, 4th floor, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Vieira Henrico da Rosa
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, building 22, 4th floor, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Caroline Nicolau
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, building 22, 4th floor, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R Da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Impact Assessment, UniLaSalle, Av. Victor Barreto, 2288, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Katia Kvitko
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGGBM), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, building 43323, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Peres
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Research Center, Methodist University Center IPA, R. Dona Leonor, 340, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gilson Pires Dorneles
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Telles de Souza
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Oleochemistry, Postgraduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Johnny Ferraz Dias
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Juliana Da Silva
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, building 22, 4th floor, Canoas, Brazil.
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Suo F, Liu X, Li C, Yuan M, Zhang B, Wang J, Ma Y, Lai Z, Ji M. Mesoporous activated carbon from starch for superior rapid pesticides removal. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 121:806-813. [PMID: 30340006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides contamination of water has caused considerable concern due to the potential hazard to human health. For the first time, mesoporous activated carbon from starch (ACS) was applied to remove pesticides from water. ACS could remove 11 pesticides rapidly (shake five times). The adsorption rates of ACS (>80%) for the 11 pesticides were higher than those of other adsorbents, including commercial activated carbon (AC), graphitised carbon black (GCB), C18, and primary secondary amine adsorbent (PSA). The mechanisms of the adsorption process for pyraclostrobin were also investigated. The pseudo-second-order model could better describe the adsorption for pyraclostrobin (R2 = 0.99950). Langmuir model gave the best fit for the isotherm data (R2 = 0.99899). Our findings demonstrate that oxygen-containing functional groups, N atom and π-bonding network of benzene promoted the adsorption. The adsorption efficiency of the ACS for 11 pesticides was still over 80% after five cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyue Suo
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xue Liu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Changsheng Li
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bingjie Zhang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianli Wang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongqiang Ma
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zemin Lai
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingshan Ji
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
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Li Z, Chang F, Shi P, Chen X, Yang F, Zhou Q, Pan Y, Li A. Occurrence and potential human health risks of semi-volatile organic compounds in drinking water from cities along the Chinese coastland of the Yellow Sea. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 206:655-662. [PMID: 29783051 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in drinking water have been considered a severe threat to public health worldwide. However, SVOC contamination and the associated human health risks of the drinking water from cities along tributaries of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River in China have been seldom reported. Here, we focused on the occurrence and distribution of a series of SVOCs, mainly including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and phthalate esters (PAEs), in drinking water of this region. In brief, a total of 31 SVOCs were detectable in all of the drinking water samples, and the total concentrations ranged from 0.92 ng/L to 266.16 ng/L in March and from 24.82 ng/L to 643.93 ng/L in August, with the highest concentrations in Dongtai (DT) and Xinghua (XH), respectively. Spatial and temporal differences of the SVOCs were also observed in drinking water samples, demonstrating the linkage between pollutant profiles and geographical locations, as well as exogenous wastewater discharge. Moreover, PAEs occupied 79.17-100.00% of the total concentrations of SVOCs in drinking water samples collected from the tributaries of the Yangtze River in March, while OCPs were the predominant SVOCs in most of drinking water samples from the tributaries of the Huaihe River. The human health assessment indicated that SVOCs posed negligible non-carcinogenic risks, but residents living in DT, Dafeng (DF), Chengdong (CD), Guanyun (GY) and Lianyungang (LY) may suffer carcinogenic health risks, which could be mainly induced by benzene hexachloride and heptachlor in August.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fangyu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Nanjing University & Yancheng Academy of Environmental Protection Technology and Engineering, Yancheng 224002, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Aimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Kahl VFS, Dhillon V, Fenech M, de Souza MR, da Silva FN, Marroni NAP, Nunes EA, Cerchiaro G, Pedron T, Batista BL, Cappetta M, Mártinez-López W, Simon D, da Silva J. Occupational Exposure to Pesticides in Tobacco Fields: The Integrated Evaluation of Nutritional Intake and Susceptibility on Genomic and Epigenetic Instability. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7017423. [PMID: 29967663 PMCID: PMC6009020 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7017423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides used at tobacco fields are associated with genomic instability, which is proposed to be sensitive to nutritional intake and may also induce epigenetic changes. We evaluated the effect of dietary intake and genetic susceptibility polymorphisms in MTHFR (rs1801133) and TERT (rs2736100) genes on genomic and epigenetic instability in tobacco farmers. Farmers, when compared to a nonexposed group, showed increased levels of different parameters of DNA damage (micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges, and nuclear buds), evaluated by cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay. Telomere length (TL) measured by quantitative PCR was shorter in exposed individuals. Global DNA methylation was significantly decreased in tobacco farmers. The exposed group had lower dietary intake of fiber, but an increase in cholesterol; vitamins such as B6, B12, and C; β-carotene; and α-retinol. Several trace and ultratrace elements were found higher in farmers than in nonfarmers. The MTHFR CT/TT genotype influenced nucleoplasmic bridges, nuclear buds, and TL in the exposed group, whereas TERT GT/TT only affected micronucleus frequency. We observed a positive correlation of TL and lipids and an inverse correlation of TL and fibers. The present data suggest an important role of dietary intake and subjects' genetic susceptibility to xenobiotics-induced damages and epigenetic alterations in tobacco farmers occupationally exposed to mixtures of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian F. Silva Kahl
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Varinderpal Dhillon
- Health and Biosecurity Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Gate 13 Kintore Avenue, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael Fenech
- Health and Biosecurity Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Gate 13 Kintore Avenue, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Melissa Rosa de Souza
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Nitzke da Silva
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Norma Anair Possa Marroni
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001 Canoas, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology-Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Emilene Arusievicz Nunes
- Postgraduate Program in Biosystems, Foundation Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av. dos Estados, 5001 Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Giselle Cerchiaro
- Postgraduate Program in Biosystems, Foundation Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av. dos Estados, 5001 Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Pedron
- Postgraduate Program in Science and Technology/Chemistry, Foundation Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av. dos Estados, 5001 Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lemos Batista
- Postgraduate Program in Science and Technology/Chemistry, Foundation Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av. dos Estados, 5001 Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Mónica Cappetta
- Laboratory of Genetic Epidemiology, Genetics Department, Medicine School, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores, 2125 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Wilner Mártinez-López
- Epigenetics and Genomic Instability Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Daniel Simon
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001 Canoas, RS, Brazil
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Mandic-Rajcevic S, Rubino FM, Ariano E, Cottica D, Neri S, Colosio C. Environmental and biological monitoring for the identification of main exposure determinants in vineyard mancozeb applicators. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2018; 28:289-296. [PMID: 28901326 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2017.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine is a vulnerable crop to several fungal diseases often requiring the use of ethylenebisdithiocarbamate (EBDC) fungicides, such as mancozeb. This fungicide has been reported to have goitrogenic, endocrine disrupting, and possibly immunotoxic effects. The aim of this study was to assess workers' exposure in two scenarios of mancozeb application and analyse the main determinants of exposure in order to better understand their mechanism of influence. Environmental monitoring was performed using a modified Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) "patch" methodology and by hand-wash collection, while mancozeb's metabolite, ethylenethiourea (ETU), was measured in 24-h preexposure and postexposure urine samples. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for determination of mancozeb and ETU in different kinds of samples. Closed tractor use resulted in 40 times lower potential exposure compared with open tractor. Coveralls reduced skin exposure 4 and 10 times in case of open and closed tractors, respectively. Gloves used during application resulted in 10 times lower hand exposure in open but increased exposure in closed tractors. This study has demonstrated that exposure to mancozeb is low if safe occupational hygiene procedures are adopted. ETU is confirmed as suitable biological marker of occupational exposure to mancozeb, but the absence of biological exposure limits significantly reduces the possibility to interpret biological monitoring results in occupationally exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mandic-Rajcevic
- Department of Health Sciences of the University of Milan and International Centre for Rural Health of the San Paolo Hospital, Via San Vigilio 43, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Federico M Rubino
- Department of Health Sciences of the University of Milan and International Centre for Rural Health of the San Paolo Hospital, Via San Vigilio 43, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Ariano
- Working Group for Prevention in Agriculture of the Region of Lombardy, Milan, Italy
| | - Danilo Cottica
- Centre for Environmental Research, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Neri
- Centre for Environmental Research, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudio Colosio
- Department of Health Sciences of the University of Milan and International Centre for Rural Health of the San Paolo Hospital, Via San Vigilio 43, 20142 Milan, Italy
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Ahmad T, Danish M. Prospects of banana waste utilization in wastewater treatment: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 206:330-348. [PMID: 29100146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This review article explores utilization of banana waste (fruit peels, pseudo-stem, trunks, and leaves) as precursor materials to produce an adsorbent, and its application against environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, dyes, organic pollutants, pesticides, and various other gaseous pollutants. In recent past, quite a good number of research articles have been published on the utilization of low-cost adsorbents derived from biomass wastes. The literature survey on banana waste derived adsorbents shown that due to the abundance of banana waste worldwide, it also considered as low-cost adsorbents with promising future application against various environmental pollutants. Furthermore, raw banana biomass can be chemically modified to prepare efficient adsorbent as per requirement; chemical surface functional group modification may enhance the multiple uses of the adsorbent with industrial standard. It was evident from a literature survey that banana waste derived adsorbents have significant removal efficiency against various pollutants. Most of the published articles on banana waste derived adsorbents have been discussed critically, and the conclusion is drawn based on the results reported. Some results with poorly performed experiments were also discussed and pointed out their lacking in reporting. Based on literature survey, the future research prospect on banana wastes has a significant impact on upcoming research strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanweer Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Science, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Danish
- Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Lot No. 1988, Kawasan Perindustrian Bandar Vendor, Taboh Naning, Alor Gajah, 78000, Melaka, Malaysia.
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Kaur K, Kaur R. Occupational Pesticide Exposure, Impaired DNA Repair, and Diseases. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2018; 22:74-81. [PMID: 30319227 PMCID: PMC6176703 DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_45_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are a mixture of chemical substances used to kill pests. Apart from their toxicity to pests, thy affect nontarget organisms. They also generate free radicals producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) which can disturb cellular pathways by inhibiting various enzymes or receptors. Pesticides also induce oxidative DNA damage, DNA adducts, and single or double strand DNA breaks. Various mechanisms of DNA repair deal with such damages and help to maintain cell integrity. Alteration in DNA repair genes modulates the individual's susceptibility towards DNA repair and various diseases. Biological monitoring provides a useful tool for the estimation of genetic risk in populations exposed to pesticides. Large numbers of evidences show that occupational exposure to pesticides in agricultural workers has been associated with an increased incidence of various diseases such as cancer, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, reproductive disorders, and birth defects. In this review, we have discussed occupational pesticide exposure, various mechanisms of DNA damage caused by pesticides, DNA repair mechanisms, biomonitoring tools, and various diseases caused by pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karashdeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
| | - Rupinder Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
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Luo D, Pu Y, Tian H, Wu W, Sun X, Zhou T, Tao Y, Yuan J, Shen X, Feng Y, Mei S. Association of in utero exposure to organochlorine pesticides with thyroid hormone levels in cord blood of newborns. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:78-86. [PMID: 28787707 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) had been widely used in agriculture and disease prevention from the 1940s-1960s. Currently, OCPs are raising global concerns due to their associated prevalent contamination and adverse health effects, such as endocrine disruption. Several epidemiological studies have explored the underlying association of OCPs on thyroid hormone (TH) status in adults and newborns, but the results of studies performed on newborns are often inconclusive. This exploratory study was conducted with the purpose of assessing the potential association of the prenatal exposure to OCPs with the concentrations of TH in the cord blood of newborns from China. Cord blood and information on demographic characteristics were collected from 115 newborns between November 2013 and June 2014. The exposure levels of 17 OCPs were measured with a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and TH levels including free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were detected using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay methods. After adjusting for confounding factors (the age of pregnant mothers, education level, monthly household income, parity, and sex of the newborns), we found marginally significant inverse associations of cord plasma measurements of ∑hexachlorcyclohexanes (∑HCHs), 1,1-dichloro-2,2-di(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene (ρ,ρ'-DDE) and methoxychlor with FT4 levels, but not with FT3 and TSH levels. Moreover, higher cord plasma levels of aldrin, dieldrin, ∑dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (∑DDTs), ∑Drins, and ∑OCPs were found to be related to the increase in cord plasma TSH levels after the adjustment for confounders. The results of this exploratory study indicate that in utero exposure to certain OCPs may affect TH status in newborns, and therefore, pose potential effects on early human development. Further research, with larger sample sizes, should be conducted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yabing Pu
- Dongcheng District Community Health Service Management Center, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Haoyuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #27 Nan Wei Road, West City District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Weixiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #27 Nan Wei Road, West City District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yun Tao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xiaoli Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yaqian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Surong Mei
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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Pemphigus trigger factors: special focus on pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus. Arch Dermatol Res 2017; 310:95-106. [PMID: 29110080 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-017-1790-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pemphigus is a general term for a rare group of autoimmune diseases which result in the formation of blisters on the skin and oral cavity. Although there is no way to prevent autoimmune diseases, some factors may trigger pemphigus initiation in susceptible individuals or be exacerbated in affected patients. Recognition of these triggers, based on the latest studies and experiences is essential and should be updated every few years. In this study, several triggers, including different drugs and treatments, diseases, vaccines, genetic factors, nutrients, micronutrients, pregnancy, stress, and various other triggers have been discussed. Some possible triggers, such as blood antigens and the effect of seasons have also been discussed briefly. Moreover, some protective factors against pemphigus have been reviewed. Considering the molecular mechanism of pemphigus and immune response alteration during this disease, some possible triggers have been suggested and discussed. Although those triggers may be a real threat, more studies are needed to support these hypotheses.
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Schmidt RJ, Kogan V, Shelton JF, Delwiche L, Hansen RL, Ozonoff S, Ma CC, McCanlies EC, Bennett DH, Hertz-Picciotto I, Tancredi DJ, Volk HE. Combined Prenatal Pesticide Exposure and Folic Acid Intake in Relation to Autism Spectrum Disorder. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:097007. [PMID: 28934093 PMCID: PMC5915192 DOI: 10.1289/ehp604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal folic acid (FA) protects against developmental toxicity from certain environmental chemicals. OBJECTIVE We examined combined exposures to maternal FA and pesticides in relation to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS Participants were California children born from 2000-2007 who were enrolled in the Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and the Environment (CHARGE) case-control study at age 2-5 y, were clinically confirmed to have ASD (n=296) or typical development (n=220), and had information on maternal supplemental FA and pesticide exposures. Maternal supplemental FA and household pesticide product use were retrospectively collected in telephone interviews from 2003-2011. High vs. low daily FA intake was dichotomized at 800μg (median). Mothers' addresses were linked to a statewide database of commercial applications to estimate agricultural pesticide exposure. RESULTS High FA intake (≥800μg) during the first pregnancy month and no known pesticide exposure was the reference group for all analyses. Compared with this group, ASD was increased in association with <800μg FA and any indoor pesticide exposure {adjusted odds ratio [OR]=2.5 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3, 4.7]} compared with low FA [OR=1.2 (95% CI: 0.7, 2.2)] or indoor pesticides [OR=1.7 (95% CI: 1.1, 2.8)] alone. ORs for the combination of low FA and regular pregnancy exposure (≥6 mo) to pet pesticides or to outdoor sprays and foggers were 3.9 (95% CI: 1.4, 11.5) and 4.1 (95% CI: 1.7, 10.1), respectively. ORs for low maternal FA and agricultural pesticide exposure 3 mo before or after conception were 2.2 (95% CI: 0.7, 6.5) for chlorpyrifos, 2.3 (95% CI: 0.98, 5.3) for organophosphates, 2.1 (95% CI: 0.9, 4.8) for pyrethroids, and 1.5 (95% CI: 0.5, 4.8) for carbamates. Except for carbamates, these ORs were approximately two times greater than those for either exposure alone or for the expected ORs for combined exposures under multiplicative or additive models. CONCLUSIONS In this study population, associations between pesticide exposures and ASD were attenuated among those with high versus low FA intake during the first month of pregnancy. Confirmatory and mechanistic studies are needed. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP604.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine , Davis, California, USA
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California, Davis , Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Vladimir Kogan
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Janie F Shelton
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine , Davis, California, USA
| | - Lora Delwiche
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine , Davis, California, USA
| | - Robin L Hansen
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California, Davis , Sacramento, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sally Ozonoff
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California, Davis , Sacramento, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Claudia C Ma
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Erin C McCanlies
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Deborah H Bennett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine , Davis, California, USA
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine , Davis, California, USA
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California, Davis , Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Daniel J Tancredi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Heather E Volk
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Singh SK, Dorak MT. Cancer Immunoprevention and Public Health. Front Public Health 2017; 5:101. [PMID: 28534024 PMCID: PMC5421153 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The power of cancer immune surveillance has been documented beyond doubt, and the successful exploitation of immune response to cancer has started a new era in the war against cancer. Cancer biologists have recognized immunoevasion as an emerging hallmark in addition to the six hallmarks of cancer. Besides the natural connection between the immune system and cancer development, most established environmental risk factors are now known to interfere with immune surveillance mechanisms. Genetic variations regulating immunity may also modulate cancer susceptibility, but evidence for this is currently limited. Molecular cross talk linking “immune” and “genomic” surveillance pathways has been characterized. It appears that immune mechanisms may contribute to the effects of common cancer risk factors. We provide an updated overview of evidence for cancer immune surveillance, cancer risk factors interfering with it, and interventions to enhance cancer immune surveillance as tools to complement ongoing vaccine development efforts for cancer immunoprevention. Although there is a lot of support for cancer immunoprevention with simple lifestyle modifications from observational studies, there is an urgent need for clinical trials to establish the effectiveness of this approach for public health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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Shrivas K, Ghosale A, Maji P. Advanced Nanomaterials for the Removal of Chemical Substances and Microbes From Contaminated and Waste Water. ADVANCED NANOMATERIALS FOR WATER ENGINEERING, TREATMENT, AND HYDRAULICS 2017. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-2136-5.ch006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of cost-effective, efficient and stable materials helps to provide the affordable solutions to get safe and fresh water to increasing population with health guidelines of emerging contaminants. Nanomaterials (NMs)-based techniques involve the design, synthesis, manipulation, characterization and exploitation of materials for adsorption and separation of target species from the contaminated and waste water. NMs show better adsorption capacity and catalytic for number chemical species and microbes because of their small size and large surface area that favors the purification and treatment of waste or contaminated environmental water. Here, we present the chemical properties, adsorption/removal mechanism and applications of advanced NMs such as magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene and graphene oxide (GO), titanium oxide (TiO2), silica (SiO2), silver (Ag), gold (Au) NPs and zeolites in effective and efficient removal of toxic metal ions, organic and inorganic chemical substances and disease-causing microbes from contaminated and wastewater.
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Rehman T, Khan MM, Shad MA, Hussain M, Oyler BL, Goo YA, Goodlett DR. Detection of Carbofuran-Protein Adducts in Serum of Occupationally Exposed Pesticide Factory Workers in Pakistan. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:1720-1728. [PMID: 27657490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the protein adducts with pesticides in a cohort of 172 factory workers that were exposed to a mixture of pesticides. The 35 samples showing considerable variation in biochemical parameters, i.e., butyrylcholinestrase (BChE), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP/ALKP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK) enzymes, and controls were analyzed by reversed-phase nanoscale liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS) on an Orbitrap mass spectrometer employing a shotgun proteomics approach. Only protein adducts with carbofuran were found on serum proteins of these workers. These adducts were of carbofuran labeled lysine (Lys-142, Lys-183, Lys-287, and Lys-467), arginine (Arg-210, Arg-242, and Arg-256) from serum albumin, and serine (Ser-07, Ser-54, and Ser-150) from immunoglobulin proteins. The arginine residues (Arg-210, Arg-242, Arg-246, and Arg-434) from albumin were also found to be glycated in serum of workers showing a high level of glucose who also had glycated arginine (Arg-1120) modified with carbofuran in their tankyrase-1-binding protein. The number of tandem mass spectra of modified peptides increased with increasing time of exposure. This is the first report to demonstrate the presence of carbofuran-labeled albumin, immunoglobulin, and glycated arginine, which shows that lysine and arginine of human albumin and serine of immunoglobulin are covalently modified in the serum of workers that were occupationally exposed to carbofuran, and the modification is detectable by tandem mass spectrometry. These peptides modified with carbofuran can potentially be used as a biomarker of carbofuran exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzila Rehman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy , Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Mohd M Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy , Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | | | | | - Benjamin L Oyler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy , Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Young Ah Goo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy , Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - David R Goodlett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy , Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
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Mokarizadeh A, Faryabi MR, Rezvanfar MA, Abdollahi M. A comprehensive review of pesticides and the immune dysregulation: mechanisms, evidence and consequences. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 25:258-78. [PMID: 25757504 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2015.1020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, in many communities, there is a growing concern about possible adverse effects of pesticides on human health. Reports indicate that during environmental or occupational exposure, pesticides can exert some intense adverse effects on human health through transient or permanent alteration of the immune system. There is evidence on the relation between pesticide-induced immune alteration and prevalence of diseases associated with alterations of the immune response. In the present study, direct immunotoxicity, endocrine disruption and antigenicity have been introduced as the main mechanisms working with pesticides-induced immune dysregulation. Moreover, the evidence on the relationship between pesticide exposure, dysregulation of the immune system and predisposition to different types of psychiatric disorders, cancers, allergies, autoimmune and infectious diseases are criticized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Mokarizadeh
- a Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine , Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences , Sanandaj , Iran and
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Luo D, Zhou T, Tao Y, Feng Y, Shen X, Mei S. Exposure to organochlorine pesticides and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25768. [PMID: 27185567 PMCID: PMC4869027 DOI: 10.1038/srep25768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) could increase non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) risk. However, results from epidemiological studies investigating this association remain controversial. We thus conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively evaluate the association between OCP exposure and NHL risk. Relevant publications were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase and identified according to the inclusion criteria. Thirteen studies (6 nested case-control, 1 case-cohort, and 6 case-control) were selected for this meta-analysis. We used odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to estimate the relationship between OCPs exposure and NHL risk. The summary OR for included studies was 1.40 (95% CI 1.27 to 1.56). No overall significant heterogeneity in the OR was observed (Ph = 0.253, I(2) = 12.6%). Furthermore, OR estimates in subgroup analyses were discussed, and strong associations were observed for dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE, OR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.66), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH, OR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.87), chlordane (OR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.51 to 2.48), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB, OR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.99). This meta-analysis had suggested that total OCPs of interest was significantly positively associated with NHL risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yun Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yaqian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xiaoli Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Surong Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
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Ye M, Beach J, Martin JW, Senthilselvan A. Urinary concentrations of pyrethroid metabolites and its association with lung function in a Canadian general population. Occup Environ Med 2016; 73:119-26. [PMID: 26767521 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2015-102839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES While there is increasing concern about the health impact of pyrethroid insecticides, little is known about their effect on lung function. In this cross-sectional study, urinary concentrations of pyrethroid (PYR) metabolites and their associations with lung function were examined among a Canadian general population using data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS). METHODS Urinary concentrations of 5 pyrethroid metabolites (3-PBA, 4-F-3-PBA, cis-DCCA, trans-DCCA and cis-DBCA) were available for 5436 CHMS participants aged 6-79 years. Lung function parameters considered were forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine associations between PYR concentrations and lung function in children (6-11 years), adolescents (12-19 years) and adults (20-79 years), respectively. RESULTS Almost all CHMS participants (99.8%) had PYR metabolites detectable in urine. In multiple linear regression analyses, 1 unit increase in log transformed urinary concentration (nmol/g creatinine) of total pyrethorid metabolites (ΣPYR) was associated with a 17.4 mL reduction in FEV1 (p=0.045) in children, a 37.1 mL reduction in FVC (p=0.05) in adolescents and a 0.3% (p=0.01) increase in FEV1/FVC ratio in adults. CONCLUSIONS These results show evidence of widespread exposures to pyrethroid insecticides among the Canadian general population. Pyrethroid exposures were associated with lower FEV1 in children, lower FVC in adolescents and relatively higher FEV1/FVC ratio in adults. Further research is necessary to confirm the potential effect of pyrethroid insecticides on lung function reported in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ye
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeremy Beach
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan W Martin
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Taghavian F, Vaezi G, Abdollahi M, Malekirad AA. Comparative Toxicological Study between Exposed and Non-Exposed Farmers to Organophosphorus Pesticides. CELL JOURNAL 2016; 18:89-96. [PMID: 27054123 PMCID: PMC4819391 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.3991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this work was to compare DNA damage, acetylcholinesterase
(AChE) activity, inflammatory markers and clinical symptoms in farmers exposed to organophosphorus pesticides to individuals that had no pesticide exposure.
Materials and Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey with a total of 134
people. The subject group consisted of 67 farmers who were exposed to organophosphorus pesticides. The control group consisted of 67 people without any contact with
pesticides matched with the subject group in terms of age, gender, and didactics.
Oxidative DNA damage, the activities of AChE, interleukin-6 (IL6), IL10 and C-reactive
protein (CRP) in serum were measured and clinical examinations conducted in order
to register all clinical signs. Results Compared with the control group, substantial gains were observed in the farmers’ levels of oxidative DNA damage, IL10 and CRP. There was significantly less AChE
activity in farmers exposed to organophosphorus pesticides. The levels of IL6 in both
groups did not significantly differ.
Conclusion The outcomes show that exposure to organophosphorus pesticides may
cause DNA oxidative damage, inhibit AChE activity and increase the serum levels of inflammatory markers. Using biological materials instead of chemical pesticides and encouraging the use of safety equipment by farmers are some solutions to the adverse
effects of exposure to organophosphorous pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Taghavian
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Gholamhassan Vaezi
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Ye M, Beach J, Martin JW, Senthilselvan A. Urinary Dialkyl Phosphate Concentrations and Lung Function Parameters in Adolescents and Adults: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:491-7. [PMID: 26372667 PMCID: PMC4829996 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1509745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have reported associations between lung function parameters and organophosphate (OP) pesticide exposures in agricultural occupations, but to our knowledge associations have not been evaluated in general populations. OBJECTIVES We examined associations between OP metabolite dialkyl phosphates (DAPs) and lung function using data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) Cycle 1. METHODS Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC (FEF25%-75%) were measured for 4,446 CHMS participants. Urinary concentrations of six DAP metabolites (DMP, DMTP, DMDTP, DEP, DETP, and DEDTP), smoking status, and other predictors of lung function were also measured in the CHMS-Cycle 1. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between total DAP concentrations (ΣDAPs) and lung function in adolescents (12-19 years) and adults (20-79 years). RESULTS In adults, estimates from multiple regression analyses suggested that a 1-unit increase on natural logarithmic scale (171% increase on the original scale) in the creatinine-corrected urinary concentration (nanomoles per gram creatinine) of ΣDAP was associated with a 32.6-mL (95% CI: -57.2, -8.1) reduction in FVC, 32.6-mL (95% CI: -59.0, -6.3) reduction in FEV1, 0.2% (95% CI: -0.6, 0.2) reduction in FEV1/FVC ratio, and 53.1-mL/sec (95% CI: -113.9, 7.7) reduction in FEF25%-75%. In adolescents, associations between ΣDAP and FEV1 were closer to the null and positive for FVC, whereas associations with FEV1/FVC and FEF25%-75% were negative, as in adults. However, none of the associations were significant in adolescents. CONCLUSIONS The negative association between ΣDAP and lung function in adult participants suggests a detrimental effect of OP pesticides on lung function in the adult general population. Further studies using prospective designs are warranted to confirm the findings reported in this study. CITATION Ye M, Beach J, Martin JW, Senthilselvan A. 2016. Urinary dialkyl phosphate concentrations and lung function parameters in adolescents and adults: results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey. Environ Health Perspect 124:491-497; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1509745.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ye
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeremy Beach
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan W. Martin
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ambikaipakan Senthilselvan
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Address correspondence to A. Senthilselvan, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-276 Edmonton Heath Clinic Academy, 11405–87 Ave., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1C9 Canada. Telephone: (780) 492 6505. E-mail:
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Ascaris and hookworm transmission in preschool children in rural Panama: role of subsistence agricultural activities. Parasitology 2016; 143:1043-54. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182016000366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARYThis longitudinal study explored whether aspects of subsistence agriculture were associated with presence and intensity of Ascaris and hookworm in preschool children in rural Panama. Questionnaires were used to collect data on household socio-demographics, child exposure to agriculture and household agricultural practices. Stool samples were collected from children (6 months–5 years) at 3 time points, with albendazole administered after each to clear infections, resulting in 1 baseline and 2 reinfection measures. A novel Agricultural Activity Index (AAI) was developed using principal components analysis to measure the intensity of household agricultural practices. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression models revealed baseline hookworm egg counts were higher if children went to the agricultural plot and if the plot was smaller. Baseline and reinfection Ascaris egg counts were higher if children went to the plot and households had higher AAI, and higher at baseline if the plot was smaller. Caregiver time in the plot was negatively associated with baseline Ascaris egg counts, but positively associated with baseline hookworm and Ascaris reinfection egg counts. Children who spent more time playing around the home were less likely to be infected with Ascaris at baseline. We conclude that preschool child exposure to subsistence agriculture increased Ascaris and hookworm intensity.
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Heydary V, Navaei-Nigjeh M, Rahimifard M, Mohammadirad A, Baeeri M, Abdollahi M. Biochemical and molecular evidences on the protection by magnesium oxide nanoparticles of chlorpyrifos-induced apoptosis in human lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 20:1021-31. [PMID: 26941804 PMCID: PMC4755087 DOI: 10.4103/1735-1995.172811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Chlorpyrifos (CP) is one of the most widely used organophosphate (OP) insecticides in agricultural and residential pest control with its attendant adverse health effect. In the present study, it is proposed to investigate the possible modulatory role of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) against CP-induced toxicity in human lymphocytes and determine the mechanisms lying behind this protection by viability and biochemical assays. Materials and Methods: Isolated lymphocytes were exposed to 12 μg/mL CP either alone or in combination with different concentrations of MgO NPs (0.1 μg/mL, 1 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, and 100 μg/mL). After a 3-day incubation, the viability and oxidative stress markers including cellular mitochondrial activity, caspase-3 and -9 activities, total antioxidant power, lipid peroxidation, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were measured. Also, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as inflammatory index, along with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were measured. Statistical differences were determined using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Dunnett's multiple comparison tests. Results: It is indicated that CP-exposed lymphocytes treated with MgO NPs resulted in a substantial reduction in the pace of mortality as well as the stages of oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. Also, MgO NPs (100 μg/mL) meaningfully restored CP-induced increase of TNF-α (P < 0.001) and decrease of AChE activity (P < 0.001) and were capable of preventing CP-treated human lymphocytes from apoptosis (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that MgO NPs in approximate 100 nm diameter not only make cells resistant to the toxic properties of CP but also attenuate toxic effects of CP, which is demonstrating the potential of MgO NPs to be applied in future immune deficiency therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Heydary
- Toxicology and Poisoning Research Center, Ahar Branch, Ahar, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ahar Branch, Ahar, Iran; Islamic Azad University, Ahar Branch, Ahar, Iran
| | - Mona Navaei-Nigjeh
- Toxicology and Poisoning Research Center, Ahar Branch, Ahar, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ahar Branch, Ahar, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahban Rahimifard
- Toxicology and Poisoning Research Center, Ahar Branch, Ahar, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ahar Branch, Ahar, Iran
| | - Azadeh Mohammadirad
- Toxicology and Poisoning Research Center, Ahar Branch, Ahar, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ahar Branch, Ahar, Iran
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Toxicology and Poisoning Research Center, Ahar Branch, Ahar, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ahar Branch, Ahar, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Poisoning Research Center, Ahar Branch, Ahar, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ahar Branch, Ahar, Iran; Islamic Azad University, Ahar Branch, Ahar, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mandarapu R, Prakhya BM. Exposure to cypermethrin and mancozeb alters the expression profile of THBS1, SPP1, FEZ1 and GPNMB in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Immunotoxicol 2016; 13:463-73. [PMID: 26796295 DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2015.1130088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex immune system displays a coordinated transcriptional response to xenobiotic exposure by altering expression of designated transcription factors that, in turn, trigger immune responses. Despite the identification of several transcription factors that contribute to regulatory response, very little is known about the specific role of factors that are triggered due to exposure to obnoxious pesticides. Here, for the first time, alterations in human peripheral blood lymphocyte expression of transcriptional factors - thrombospondin-1 (THBS-1), secretory phospho-protein-1 (SPP-1), glycoprotein non-metastatic-β (GPNMB) and fasciculation and elongation factor ζ-1 (FEZ-1), due to in vitro exposure to the crop protection chemicals cypermethrin and mancozeb are reported. Results revealed significant changes in expression profiles due to mancozeb exposure, supporting its immune dysfunction potential; in contrast, cypermethrin exposure did not cause significant changes. Based on these effects on gene expression across the doses tested, it was likely key components of immune mechanisms such as proliferation, cell adhesion, apoptosis and cell activation in human PBMC were affected. Although these data are from in vitro experiments, the results point out the potential role for changes in these factors in the etiology of defective T-cell immune function seen in humans occupationally exposed to crop protection chemicals like mancozeb. These studies suggest the involvement of transcription factors in regulation of pesticide-induced immune dysfunction; these studies also represent a novel approach for identifying potential immune-related dysfunctions due to exposure to pesticides. Further studies are needed to better understand the functional significance of these in vitro findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Balakrishna Murthy Prakhya
- a Prakhya Research Laboratories, Selaiyur, Chennai, India ;,b SRM University , Kattankulathur , Chennai , India
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Madani FZ, Hafida M, Merzouk SA, Loukidi B, Taouli K, Narce M. Hemostatic, inflammatory, and oxidative markers in pesticide user farmers. Biomarkers 2015; 21:138-45. [DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2015.1118545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Associations between dietary factors and urinary concentrations of organophosphate and pyrethroid metabolites in a Canadian general population. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2015; 218:616-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Pedram S, Mohammadirad A, Rezvanfar MA, Navaei-Nigjeh M, Baeeri M, Abdollahi M. On The Protection by The Combination of CeO2 Nanoparticles and Sodium Selenite on Human Lymphocytes against Chlorpyrifos-Induced Apoptosis In Vitro. CELL JOURNAL 2015; 17:361-71. [PMID: 26199915 PMCID: PMC4503850 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.3748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chlorpyrifos (CP) as an organophosphorus pesticide is thought to induce oxidative stress in human cells via producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) that leads to the presence of pathologic conditions due to apoptosis along with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition.This study aimed to evaluate the apoptotic effects of CP and to assess the protective potential of CeO2nanoparticle (CNP) and sodium selenite (SSe) by measuring cascades of apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and AChE inhibition in human isolated lymphocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present experimental study, we examined the anti-oxidative and AChE activating potential of CNP and SSe in CP-treated human lymphocytes. Therefore, the lymphocytes were isolated and exposed to CP, CP+CNP, CP+SSe, and CP+CNP+SSe after a three-day incubation. Then tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) release, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) levels as inflammatory/oxidative stress indices along with AChE activity were assessed. In addition, the apoptotic process was measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS Results showed a significant reduction in the mortality rate, TNF-α, MPO activity, TBARS, and apoptosis rate in cells treated with CNP, SSe and their combination. Interestingly, both CNP and SSe were able to activate AChE which is inhibited by CP. The results supported the synergistic effect of CNP/SSe combination in the prevention of apoptosis along with oxidative stress and inflammatory cascade. CONCLUSION CP induces apoptosis in isolated human lymphocytes via oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators. CP firstly produces ROS, which leads to membrane phospholipid damage. The beneficial effects of CNP and SSe in reduction of CP-induced apoptosis and restoring AChE inhibition relate to their anti-oxidative potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Pedram
- Toxicology and Poisoning Research Center, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Mohammadirad
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Rezvanfar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Navaei-Nigjeh
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Poisoning Research Center, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran
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Zakharov S, Csomor J, Urbanek P, Pelclova D. Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis After Exposure to Dithiocarbamate Fungicide Mancozeb. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 118:87-91. [PMID: 26073440 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a life-threatening mucocutaneous disease with high mortality. Dithiocarbamates (DTC) are organosulphur compounds widely used in agriculture, industry and households. We report a case of TEN after exposure to mancozeb in fungicide. A 48-year-old 75 kg b.w. man was admitted with fever and generalized skin/mucous lesions after application of fungicide in a home garden. The patient had necrotic desquamation of gastrointestinal/respiratory tract mucosa, ocular lesion and skin epidermolysis of 90% of body surface. The laboratory findings included elevation of inflammatory parameters, hyperglycaemia, increased urea, creatinine, liver enzymes, hypoalbuminemia and electrolyte disturbances. The treatment included supportive care, management of fluid/electrolyte requirements, analgesics and enteral nutrition. Skin lesions were treated with occlusive non-adhesive biological wound dressings. Due to the proof of Acinetobacter, Escherichia coli and Escherichia faecalis from skin swabs, a combination of meropenem with amikacin was administered. During the next 2 weeks, complete re-epithelialization of skin lesions occurred, mucosal lesions healed and the laboratory parameters returned to normal. The patient was discharged on day 42. TEN is a rare condition that is generally caused by medications. Nevertheless, high attention should be paid to the cases of occupational or household exposure to DTC fungicides widely used in agriculture and home gardens because of their ability to cause TEN after skin and inhalation exposure. Greater emphasis on the hazardous properties of these products is necessary to ensure non-professional users are aware of the necessity of protective clothing during mixing, loading, application and early re-entry into treated fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Zakharov
- Toxicological Information Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Csomor
- Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Central Military Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Urbanek
- Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Central Military Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Pelclova
- Toxicological Information Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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