1
|
Munhoz DR, Meng K, Wang L, Lwanga EH, Geissen V, Harkes P. Exploring the potential of earthworm gut bacteria for plastic degradation. Sci Total Environ 2024; 927:172175. [PMID: 38575018 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The use of plastic mulch films in agriculture leads to the inevitable accumulation of plastic debris in soils. Here, we explored the potential of earthworm gut-inhabiting bacterial strains (Mycobacterium vanbaalenii (MV), Rhodococcus jostii (RJ), Streptomyces fulvissimus (SF), Bacillus simplex (BS), and Sporosarcina globispora (SG) to degrade plastic films (⌀ = 15 mm) made from commonly used polymers: low-density polyethylene film (LDPE-f), polylactic acid (PLA-f), polybutylene adipate terephthalate film (PBAT-f), and a commercial biodegradable mulch film, Bionov-B® (composed of Mater-Bi, a feedstock with PBAT, PLA and other chemical compounds). A 180-day experiment was conducted at room temperature (x̄ =19.4 °C) for different strain-plastic combinations under a low carbon media (0.1× tryptic soy broth). Results showed that the tested strain-plastic combinations did not facilitate the degradation of LDPE-f (treated with RJ and SF), PBAT-f (treated with BS and SG), and Bionov-B (treated with BS, MV, and SG). However, incubating PLA-f with SF triggered a reduction in the molecular weights and an increase in crystallinity. Therefore, we used PLA-f as model plastic to study the influence of temperature ("room temperature" & "30 °C"), carbon source ("carbon-free" & "low carbon supply"), and strain interactions ("single strains" & "strain mixtures") on PLA degradation. SF and SF + RJ treatments significantly fostered PLA degradation under 30 °C in a low-carbon media. PLA-f did not show any degradation in carbon-free media treatments. The competition between different strains in the same system likely hindered the performance of PLA-degrading strains. A positive correlation between the final pH of culture media and PLA-f weight loss was observed, which might reflect the pH-dependent hydrolysis mechanism of PLA. Our results situate SF and its co-culture with RJ strains as possible accelerators of PLA degradation in temperatures below PLA glass transition temperature (Tg). Further studies are needed to test the bioremediation feasibility in soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davi R Munhoz
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Ke Meng
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lang Wang
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Esperanza Huerta Lwanga
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands; Agroecología, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Campeche, Av Polígono s/n, Cd. Industrial, Lerma, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Paula Harkes
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Navarro I, de la Torre A, Sanz P, Abrantes N, Campos I, Alaoui A, Christ F, Alcon F, Contreras J, Glavan M, Pasković I, Pasković MP, Nørgaard T, Mandrioli D, Sgargi D, Hofman J, Aparicio V, Baldi I, Bureau M, Vested A, Harkes P, Huerta-Lwanga E, Mol H, Geissen V, Silva V, Martínez MÁ. Assessing pesticide residues occurrence and risks in water systems: A Pan-European and Argentina perspective. Water Res 2024; 254:121419. [PMID: 38484551 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems face a particularly high risk of biodiversity loss compared to marine and terrestrial systems. The use of pesticides in agricultural fields is recognized as a relevant stressor for freshwater environments, exerting a negative impact worldwide on the overall status and health of the freshwater communities. In the present work, part of the Horizon 2020 funded SPRINT project, the occurrence of 193 pesticide residues was investigated in 64 small water bodies of distinct typology (creeks, streams, channels, ditches, rivers, lakes, ponds and reservoirs), located in regions with high agricultural activity in 10 European countries and in Argentina. Mixtures of pesticide residues were detected in all water bodies (20, median; 8-40 min-max). Total pesticide levels found ranged between 6.89 and 5860 ng/L, highlighting herbicides as the dominant type of pesticides. Glyphosate was the compound with the highest median concentration followed by 2,4-D and MCPA, and in a lower degree by dimethomorph, fluopicolide, prothioconazole and metolachlor(-S). Argentina was the site with the highest total pesticide concentration in water bodies followed by The Netherlands, Portugal and France. One or more pesticides exceeded the threshold values established in the European Water Framework Directive for surface water in 9 out of 11 case study sites (CSS), and the total pesticide concentration surpassed the reference value of 500 ng/L in 8 CSS. Although only 5 % (bifenthrin, dieldrin, fipronil sulfone, permethrin, and terbutryn) of the individual pesticides denoted high risk (RQ > 1), the ratios estimated for pesticide mixtures suggested potential environmental risk in the aquatic compartment studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Navarro
- Unit of POPs and Emerging Pollutants in Environment, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Adrián de la Torre
- Unit of POPs and Emerging Pollutants in Environment, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Sanz
- Unit of POPs and Emerging Pollutants in Environment, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nelson Abrantes
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Campos
- CESAM and Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Abdallah Alaoui
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Christ
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francisco Alcon
- Department of Business Economics, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Spain
| | - Josefina Contreras
- Department Agricultural Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Spain
| | - Matjaž Glavan
- Agronomy Department, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Igor Pasković
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Porec, Croatia
| | - Marija Polić Pasković
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Porec, Croatia
| | - Trine Nørgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Daniele Mandrioli
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Centre, Ramazzini Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daria Sgargi
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Centre, Ramazzini Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jakub Hofman
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, the Czech Republic
| | - Virginia Aparicio
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Isabelle Baldi
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathilde Bureau
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne Vested
- Department of Public Health - Unit for Environment, Occupation, and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Paula Harkes
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Esperanza Huerta-Lwanga
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Hans Mol
- Wageningen Food Safety Research - Part of Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Vera Silva
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - María Ángeles Martínez
- Unit of POPs and Emerging Pollutants in Environment, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Knuth D, Gai L, Silva V, Harkes P, Hofman J, Šudoma M, Bílková Z, Alaoui A, Mandrioli D, Pasković I, Polić Pasković M, Baldi I, Bureau M, Alcon F, Contreras J, Glavan M, Abrantes N, Campos I, Norgaard T, Huerta Lwanga E, Scheepers PTJ, Ritsema CJ, Geissen V. Pesticide Residues in Organic and Conventional Agricultural Soils across Europe: Measured and Predicted Concentrations. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:6744-6752. [PMID: 38568876 PMCID: PMC11025110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
During the growing season of 2021, 201 soil samples from conventionally and organically managed fields from 10 European countries and 8 cropping systems were taken, and 192 residues of synthetic pesticides were analyzed. Pesticide residues were found in 97% of the samples, and 88% of the samples contained mixtures of at least 2 substances. A maximum of 21 substances were found in conventionally managed fields, and a maximum of 12 were found in organically managed fields. The number and concentration of pesticide residues varied significantly between conventional and organic fields in 70 and 50% of the case study sites, respectively. Application records were available for a selected number of fields (n = 82), and these records were compared to the detected substances. Residues from 52% of the applied pesticides were detected in the soils. Only 21% of the pesticide residues detected in the soil samples were applied during the 2021 growing season. From the application data, predicted environmental concentrations of residues in soil were calculated and compared to the measured concentrations. These estimates turned out not to be accurate. The results of this study show that most European agricultural soils contain mixtures of pesticide residues and that current calculation methods may not reliably estimate their presence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Knuth
- Soil
Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen
University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lingtong Gai
- Soil
Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen
University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vera Silva
- Soil
Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen
University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paula Harkes
- Soil
Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen
University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jakub Hofman
- RECETOX,
Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech
Republic
| | - Marek Šudoma
- RECETOX,
Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech
Republic
| | - Zuzana Bílková
- RECETOX,
Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech
Republic
| | - Abdallah Alaoui
- Institute
of Geography, University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 12, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Mandrioli
- Cesare
Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini
Institute, Via Saliceto
3, 40010 Bologna, Bentivoglio, Italy
| | - Igor Pasković
- Department
of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute
of Agriculture and Tourism, K. Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Marija Polić Pasković
- Department
of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute
of Agriculture and Tourism, K. Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Isabelle Baldi
- Univ.
Bordeaux,
INSERM, BPH, U1219, 146
Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathilde Bureau
- Univ.
Bordeaux,
INSERM, BPH, U1219, 146
Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Francisco Alcon
- Escuela
Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Josefa Contreras
- Escuela
Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Matjaž Glavan
- Agronomy
Department, Biotechnical Faculty, University
of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nelson Abrantes
- CESAM
and Department of Biology, University of
Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Campos
- CESAM
and Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Trine Norgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Esperanza Huerta Lwanga
- Soil
Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen
University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul T. J. Scheepers
- Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental
Sciences, Radboud
University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Coen J. Ritsema
- Soil
Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen
University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil
Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen
University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Akter M, Alam MS, Yang X, Nunes JP, Zomer P, Rahman MM, Mol H, Ritsema CJ, Geissen V. Hidden risk of terrestrial food chain contamination from organochlorine insecticides in a vegetable cultivation area of Northwest Bangladesh. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:169343. [PMID: 38097076 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine insecticide (OCI) exposures in terrestrial food chains from historical or current applications were studied in a vegetable production area in northwest Bangladesh. A total of 57 subsoil, 57 topsoil, and 57 vegetable samples, as well as 30 cow's milk samples, were collected from 57 farms. Multiple OCI residues were detected using GC-MS/MS with modified QuEChERS in 20 % of subsoils, 21 % of topsoils, 23 % of vegetables, and 7 % of cow's milk samples. Diversified OCI residues were detected in subsoils (17 residues with a concentration of 179.15 ± 148.61 μg kg-1) rather than in topsoils (3 DDT residues with a concentration of 25.76 ± 20.19 μg kg-1). Isomeric ratios indicate intensive historical applications of OCIs. According to Dutch and Chinese standards, the lower concentrations of individual OCI residues in the soil indicate negligible to slight soil pollution, assuming local farmers follow local pesticide use regulations. However, a maximum of 78.24 μg kg-1 ΣAldrines and 35.57 μg kg-1 ΣHCHs were detected (1-4 residues) in 60 % of brinjal, 28 % of cucumber, 29 % of sponge gourd, and 20 % of lady's finger samples, which could be a result of either historical or current OCI applications, or both. A strong positive correlation between aldrines in subsoils and cucurbit vegetables indicates greater bioaccumulation. Cow milk samples contained up to 6.96 μg kg-1 ΣDDTs, which resulted either from rationing contaminated vegetables or grazing on contaminated land. Individual OCI in both vegetables and cow's milk was below the respective maximum residue limits of US and FAO/WHO CODEX and poses little or no risk to human health. However, combined exposure to multiple pesticides could increase human health risks. A cumulative health risk assessment of multiple pesticide residues is suggested to assess the suitability of those soils for cultivation and grazing, as well as the safety of vegetables and cow's milk for human consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Akter
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Shohidul Alam
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - João Pedro Nunes
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Zomer
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, 6700AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Md Mokhlesur Rahman
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Hans Mol
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, 6700AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Coen J Ritsema
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mu H, Yang X, Wang K, Osman R, Xu W, Liu X, Ritsema CJ, Geissen V. Exposure risk to rural Residents: Insights into particulate and gas phase pesticides in the Indoor-Outdoor nexus. Environ Int 2024; 184:108457. [PMID: 38281448 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Rural residents are exposed to both particulate and gaseous pesticides in the indoor-outdoor nexus in their daily routine. However, previous personal exposure assessment mostly focuses on single aspects of the exposure, such as indoor or gaseous exposure, leading to severe cognition bias to evaluate the exposure risks. In this study, residential dust and silicone wristbands (including stationary and personal wearing ones) were used to screen pesticides in different phases and unfold the hidden characteristics of personal exposure via indoor-outdoor nexus in intensive agricultural area. Mento-Carlo Simulation was performed to assess the probabilistic exposure risk by transforming adsorbed pesticides from wristbands into air concentration, which explores a new approach to integrate particulate (dust) and gaseous (silicone wristbands) pesticide exposures in indoor and outdoor environment. The results showed that particulate pesticides were more concentrated in indoor, whereas significantly higher concentrations were detected in stationary outdoor wristbands (p < 0.05). Carbendazim and chlorpyrifos were the most frequently detected pesticides in dust and stationary wristbands. Higher pesticide concentration was found in personal wristbands worn by farmers, with the maximum value of 2048 ng g-1 for difenoconazole. Based on the probabilistic risk assessment, around 7.1 % of farmers and 2.6 % of bystanders in local populations were potentially suffering from chronic health issues. One third of pesticide exposures originated mainly from occupational sources while the rest derived from remoting dissipation. Unexpectedly, 43 % of bystanders suffered the same levels of exposure as farmers under the co-existence of occupational and non-occupational exposures. Differed compositions of pesticides were found between environmental samples and personal pesticide exposure patterns, highlighting the need for holistic personal exposure measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Mu
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rima Osman
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Coen J Ritsema
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ju H, Yang X, Tang D, Osman R, Geissen V. Pesticide bioaccumulation in radish produced from soil contaminated with microplastics. Sci Total Environ 2024; 910:168395. [PMID: 37981159 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The aging of microplastics (MPs) in soils may affect crop bioaccumulation of coexisting contaminants. We examined the bioaccumulation of pesticides (chlorpyrifos (CPF), difenoconazole (DIF) and their mixture) in radish (Raphanus sativus) planted in soils contaminated with MPs (low-density polyethylene or biodegradable MPs). The experiment was conducted with different contamination scenarios taking into account the use of aged MPs and pesticide mixtures. Radish root biomass was negatively affected in the scenarios with aged MPs. CPF bioaccumulation in radishes appears to be enhanced by the presence of MPs, especially aged MPs, and the pesticide mixture. The results show that food safety risks associated with the bioaccumulation of individual pesticides and their mixtures are increased in soils polluted by MPs, particularly MP after aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ju
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Darrell Tang
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rima Osman
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
García Carriquiry I, Silva V, Raevel F, Harkes P, Osman R, Bentancur O, Fernandez G, Geissen V. Effects of mixtures of herbicides on nutrient cycling and plant support considering current agriculture practices. Chemosphere 2024; 349:140925. [PMID: 38086451 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of mixtures of pesticides and consecutive pesticide applications challenge current regulations aimed at protecting ecosystem health due to unpredictable effects of complex and dynamic mixtures. In this study, we tested the ecotoxicological effects of mixtures of herbicides, applied following a real application scheme of soybean production on soil health in a mesocosm experiment. The experiment included two sequential applications; first, glyphosate + dicamba + clethodim, and 30 days later, flumioxazin + metolachlor. Commercial products were used at the recommended doses and at two other concentrations: half and double the recommended dose. Soybean plants were exposed to the herbicide-contaminated soil from the time of sowing to the beginning of pod formation. Half of the plants were harvested at the vegetative stage and the remaining plants at the reproductive stage to evaluate endpoints related to plant support and nutrient cycling. Plant biomass was significantly affected during the vegetative stage at the recommended and double the recommended dose, with the effects being mixture-dose dependent. Lower total and arbuscular colonization of mycorrhizas were also observed in double the recommended dose, and intermediate results were observed for the recommended dose. Nodule mass and phosphorous concentration in plants decreased with increasing herbicide doses. By the end of the experiment, nodule mass and total mycorrhizal colonization were low in the plants treated with double the recommended dose of herbicides. However, both endpoints reached similar values to the control at lower herbicide doses. Plant height and phenology were only lower at double the recommended dose during the experiment. The use of non-standard endpoints evidenced that important soil functions were transiently or permanently affected, while the realistic application scheme accounted for the impact of the management practice currently used. Pesticide risk assessment should therefore, incorporate both issues to effectively protect the ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I García Carriquiry
- Soil Physics & Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands; CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Uruguay.
| | - V Silva
- Soil Physics & Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands
| | - F Raevel
- Soil Physics & Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands
| | - P Harkes
- Soil Physics & Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands
| | - R Osman
- Soil Physics & Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands
| | - O Bentancur
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - G Fernandez
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - V Geissen
- Soil Physics & Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Navarro I, de la Torre A, Sanz P, Baldi I, Harkes P, Huerta-Lwanga E, Nørgaard T, Glavan M, Pasković I, Pasković MP, Abrantes N, Campos I, Alcon F, Contreras J, Alaoui A, Hofman J, Vested A, Bureau M, Aparicio V, Mandrioli D, Sgargi D, Mol H, Geissen V, Silva V, Martínez MÁ. Occurrence of pesticide residues in indoor dust of farmworker households across Europe and Argentina. Sci Total Environ 2023; 905:167797. [PMID: 37838044 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely used as plant protection products (PPPs) in farming systems to preserve crops against pests, weeds, and fungal diseases. Indoor dust can act as a chemical repository revealing occurrence of pesticides in the indoor environment at the time of sampling and the (recent) past. This in turn provides information on the exposure of humans to pesticides in their homes. In the present study, part of the Horizon 2020 funded SPRINT project, the presence of 198 pesticide residues was assessed in 128 indoor dust samples from both conventional and organic farmworker households across Europe, and in Argentina. Mixtures of pesticide residues were found in all dust samples (25-121, min-max; 75, median). Concentrations varied in a wide range (<0.01 ng/g-206 μg/g), with glyphosate and its degradation product AMPA, permethrin, cypermethrin and piperonyl butoxide found in highest levels. Regarding the type of pesticides, insecticides showed significantly higher levels than herbicides and fungicides. Indoor dust samples related to organic farms showed a significantly lower number of residues, total and individual concentrations than those related to conventional farms. Some pesticides found in indoor dust were no longer approved ones (29 %), with acute/chronic hazards to human health (32 %) and with environmental toxicity (21 %).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Navarro
- Unit of POPs and Emerging Pollutants in Environment, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Adrián de la Torre
- Unit of POPs and Emerging Pollutants in Environment, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Sanz
- Unit of POPs and Emerging Pollutants in Environment, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabelle Baldi
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219 Bordeaux, France
| | - Paula Harkes
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Esperanza Huerta-Lwanga
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Matjaž Glavan
- Agronomy Department, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Igor Pasković
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Porec, Croatia
| | - Marija Polić Pasković
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Porec, Croatia
| | - Nelson Abrantes
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Campos
- Department of Environment and Planning and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Francisco Alcon
- Department of Business Economics, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Spain
| | - Josefina Contreras
- Department Agricultural Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Spain
| | - Abdallah Alaoui
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jakub Hofman
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anne Vested
- Department of Public Health - Unit for Environment, Occupation, and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | | | | | - Daniele Mandrioli
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daria Sgargi
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Hans Mol
- Wageningen Food Safety Research - part of Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Vera Silva
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - María Ángeles Martínez
- Unit of POPs and Emerging Pollutants in Environment, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Guo Z, Li P, Yang X, Wang Z, Wu Y, Li G, Liu G, Ritsema CJ, Geissen V, Xue S. Effects of Microplastics on the Transport of Soil Dissolved Organic Matter in the Loess Plateau of China. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:20138-20147. [PMID: 37934470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pollution and dissolved organic matter (DOM) affect soil quality and functions. However, the effect of MPs on DOM and underlying mechanisms have not been clarified, which poses a challenge to maintaining soil health. Under environmentally relevant conditions, we evaluated the major role of polypropylene particles at four micron-level sizes (20, 200, and 500 μm and mixed) in regulating changes in soil DOM content. We found that an increase in soil aeration by medium and high-intensity (>0.5%) MPs may reduce NH4+ leaching by accelerating soil nitrification. However, MPs have a positive effect on soil nutrient retention through the adsorption of PO43- (13.30-34.46%) and NH4+ (9.03-19.65%) and their leached dissolved organic carbon (MP-leached dissolved organic carbon, MP-DOC), thereby maintaining the dynamic balance of soil nutrients. The regulating ion (Ca2+) is also an important competitor in the MP-DOM adsorption system, and changes in its intensity are dynamically involved in the adsorption process. These findings can help predict the response of soil processes, especially nutrient cycling, to persistent anthropogenic stressors, improve risk management policies on MPs, and facilitate the protection of soil health and function, especially in future agricultural contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Peng Li
- Chendu Engineering Corporation Limited, Power China, Chendu 610072, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Wageningen University & Research, Soil Physics and Land Management, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- Drinking Water Safety Testing Technology Innovation Center, Hebei 050000, PR China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Guanwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Guobin Liu
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Coen J Ritsema
- Wageningen University & Research, Soil Physics and Land Management, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Wageningen University & Research, Soil Physics and Land Management, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sha Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhao M, Wu J, Figueiredo DM, Zhang Y, Zou Z, Cao Y, Li J, Chen X, Shi S, Wei Z, Li J, Zhang H, Zhao E, Geissen V, Ritsema CJ, Liu X, Han J, Wang K. Spatial-temporal distribution and potential risk of pesticides in ambient air in the North China Plain. Environ Int 2023; 182:108342. [PMID: 38006771 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
The intensive use of pesticides in the North China Plain (NCP) has resulted in widespread contamination of pesticides in the local atmosphere, posing risks to air quality and human health. However, the occurrence and distribution of atmospheric pesticides in the NCP as well as their risk assessment have not been well investigated. In this study, 300 monthly samples were collected using passive air samplers with polyurethane foam at ten rural sites with different crop systems in Quzhou county, the NCP, from June 2021 to May 2022. The pesticides were quantified using mass-spectrometric techniques. Our results revealed that chlorpyrifos, carbendazim, and atrazine were the most frequently found pesticides in the air samples, with detection frequencies of ≥ 87 % across the samples. The average concentrations of atmospheric pesticides during spring (7.47 pg m-3) and summer (16.05 pg m-3) were significantly higher than those during autumn (2.04 pg m-3) and winter (1.71 pg m-3), attributable to the intensified application of pesticides during the warmer seasons. Additionally, cash crop sites exhibited higher concentrations (10.26 pg m-3) of atmospheric pesticides compared to grain crop (5.59 pg m-3) and greenhouse sites (3.81 pg m-3), primarily due to more frequent pesticides spraying events in cash crop fields. These findings indicate a distinct spatial-temporal distribution pattern of atmospheric pesticides influenced by both seasons and crop systems. Furthermore, the model-based inhalation risk assessment indicates that inhalation exposure to atmospheric pesticides is unlikely to pose a significant public concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junxue Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Daniel M Figueiredo
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Yun Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ziyu Zou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yuxuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiyun Wei
- Xinzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xinzhou 034099, China
| | - Jindong Li
- Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; Xinzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xinzhou 034099, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ercheng Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Coen J Ritsema
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Xuejun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiajun Han
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang Y, Yang X, Xu M, Geissen V. Response of soil phosphatase activity and soil phosphorus fractions to the application of chloropicrin and azoxystrobin in ginger cultivation. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:7393-7402. [PMID: 37381879 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soil fumigation can change soil nutrient cycling processes by affecting soil beneficial microorganisms, which is a key issue for soil fertility. However, the effect of combined application of fumigant and fungicide on soil phosphorus (P) availability remains largely unclear. We investigated the effects of the fumigant chloropicrin (CP) and the fungicide azoxystrobin (AZO) on soil phosphatase activity and soil P fractions in ginger production using a 28-week pot experiment with six treatments: control (CK), a single application of AZO (AZO1), double applications of AZO (AZO2), CP-fumigated soil without AZO (CP), CP combined with AZO1 (CP + AZO1) and CP combined with AZO2 (CP + AZO2). RESULTS AZO application alone significantly increased the soil labile P fractions (Resin-P + NaHCO3 -Pi + NaOH-Pi) at 9 weeks after planting (WAP) but decreased the soil phosphatase activity at 28 WAP. CP fumigation significantly reduced the soil phosphatase activity but increased the proportions of soil labile P fractions (Resin-P + NaHCO3 -Pi + NaHCO3 -Po) to total P (TP) by 9.0-15.5% throughout the experiment. The combined application of CP and AZO had a synergistic effect on soil phosphatase activity and soil P fractions compared with a single application. CONCLUSION Although AZO application and CP fumigation can increase soil available P in the short term, they might negatively affect soil fertility in the long run by inhibiting soil phosphatase activity. Soil microbial activities, especially microorganisms related to P cycling, may be responsible for the variations in soil P availability, but further research is needed. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Minggang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources, Institute of Eco-environment and Industrial Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Beriot N, Zornoza R, Lwanga EH, Zomer P, van Schothorst B, Ozbolat O, Lloret E, Ortega R, Miralles I, Harkes P, van Steenbrugge J, Geissen V. Intensive vegetable production under plastic mulch: A field study on soil plastic and pesticide residues and their effects on the soil microbiome. Sci Total Environ 2023; 900:165179. [PMID: 37385505 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Intensive agriculture relies on external inputs to reach high productivity and profitability. Plastic mulch, mainly in the form of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE), is widely used in agriculture to decrease evaporation, increase soil temperature and prevent weeds. The incomplete removal of LDPE mulch after use causes plastic contamination in agricultural soils. In conventional agriculture, the use of pesticides also leaves residues accumulating in soils. Thus, the objective of this study was to measure plastic and pesticide residues in agricultural soils and their effects on the soil microbiome. For this, we sampled soil (0-10 cm and 10-30 cm) from 18 parcels from 6 vegetable farms in SE Spain. The farms were under either organic or conventional management, where plastic mulch had been used for >25 years. We measured the macro- and micro-light density plastic debris contents, the pesticide residue levels, and a range of physiochemical properties. We also carried out DNA sequencing on the soil fungal and bacterial communities. Plastic debris (>100 μm) was found in all samples with an average number of 2 × 103 particles kg-1 and area of 60 cm2 kg-1. We found 4-10 different pesticide residues in all conventional soils, for an average of 140 μg kg-1. Overall, pesticide content was ∼100 times lower in organic farms. The soil microbiomes were farm-specific and related to different soil physicochemical parameters and contaminants. Regarding contaminants, bacterial communities responded to the total pesticide residues, the fungicide Azoxystrobin and the insecticide Chlorantraniliprole as well as the plastic area. The fungicide Boscalid was the only contaminant to influence the fungal community. The wide spread of plastic and pesticide residues in agricultural soil and their effects on soil microbial communities may impact crop production and other environmental services. More studies are required to evaluate the total costs of intensive agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Beriot
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands; Sustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Raúl Zornoza
- Sustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Esperanza Huerta Lwanga
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands; Agroecologia, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Campeche, Mexico
| | - Paul Zomer
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, PO. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Benjamin van Schothorst
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Onurcan Ozbolat
- Sustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Eva Lloret
- Sustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Raúl Ortega
- Department of Agronomy & Center for Intensive Mediterranean Agrosystems and Agri-food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), University of Almeria, E-04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Isabel Miralles
- Department of Agronomy & Center for Intensive Mediterranean Agrosystems and Agri-food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), University of Almeria, E-04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Paula Harkes
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Joris van Steenbrugge
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bhandari G, Chiaia-Hernández AC, Atreya K, Geissen V, Singh SP. Knowledge and practices of commercial banana farmers related to pesticide use in Chitwan district, Nepal; a cross-sectional study and meta-analyses. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:1490. [PMID: 37978088 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12093-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The exposure of farmers to pesticides due to inadequate safety measures is a concern in low-income countries in Africa and Asia. However, until now, there have been limited studies on the farmers' risk due to pesticide application to fruit crops. The knowledge of farmers' exposure related to pesticide use and their safety practices was studied among 100 banana farmers in three areas (Padampur, Jagatpur, and Thimura) of Chitwan district, Nepal. More than 75% of the farmers complained about problems related to insects. Most frequently used insecticides in the area were chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin. Ten percent (10%) of the applied pesticides were highly hazardous to humans, according to the World Health Organization hazard category, with skin rash being the most common acute symptom reported by 29% of the farmers. Banned organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides, such as endosulfan and triazophos, respectively, are still being used by farmers in the aforementioned areas. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed the lack of knowledge and safety practices among farmers leading to inadequate awareness related to the negative effects of pesticide use on human health and the environment. Therefore, government extension service can play a crucial role in improving banana farmers' knowledge of the toxic effects of pesticides as well as enforcing the Nepali language in the labeling of pesticide containers and packages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Bhandari
- Progressive Sustainable Developers Nepal (PSD-Nepal), Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Aurea C Chiaia-Hernández
- Institute of Geography & Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kishor Atreya
- School of Forestry and Natural Resources Management, Institute of Forestry, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Department of Watershed Management and Environmental Science, Institute of Forestry (Pokhara Campus), Tribhuvan University, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sheelendra Pratap Singh
- Toxicokinetics laboratory, ASSIST Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen W, Zhou H, Wu Y, Wang J, Zhao Z, Li Y, Qiao L, Chen K, Liu G, Ritsema C, Geissen V, Sha X. Effects of deterministic assembly of communities caused by global warming on coexistence patterns and ecosystem functions. J Environ Manage 2023; 345:118912. [PMID: 37678020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal rhythms in biological and ecological dynamics are fundamental in regulating the structuring of microbial communities. Evaluating the seasonal rhythms of microorganisms in response to climate change could provide information on their variability and stability over longer timescales (>20-year). However, information on temporal variability in microorganism responses to medium- and long-term global warming is limited. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the temporal dynamics of microbial communities in response to global warming; to this end, we integrated data on the maintenance of species diversity, community composition, temporal turnover rates (v), and community assembly process in two typical ecosystems (meadows and shrub habitat) on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Our results showed that 21 years of global warming would increase the importance of the deterministic process for microorganisms in both ecosystems across all seasons (R2 of grassland (GL) control: 0.524, R2 of GL warming: 0.467; R2 of shrubland (SL) control: 0.556, R2 of SL warming: 0.543), reducing species diversity and altering community composition. Due to environmental filtration pressure from 21 years of warming, the low turnover rate (v of warming: -3.13/-2.00, v of control: -2.44/-1.48) of soil microorganisms reduces the resistance and resilience of ecological communities, which could lead to higher community similarity and more clustered taxonomic assemblages occurring across years. Changes to temperature might increase selection pressure on specialist taxa, which directly causes dominant species (v of warming: -1.63, v of control: -2.49) primarily comprising these taxa to be more strongly impacted by changing temperature than conditionally (v of warming: -1.47, v of control: -1.75) or always rare taxa (v of warming: -0.57, v of control: -1.33). Evaluation of the seasonal rhythms of microorganisms in response to global warming revealed that the variability and stability of different microbial communities in different habitats had dissimilar biological and ecological performances when challenged with an external disturbance. The balance of competition and cooperation, because of environmental selection, also influenced ecosystem function in complex terrestrial ecosystems. Overall, our study enriches the limited information on the temporal variability in microorganism responses to 21 years of global warming, and provides a scientific basis for evaluating the impact of climate warming on the temporal stability of soil ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Moutai Institute, Renhuai, 564500, PR China
| | - Huakun Zhou
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology in Cold Regions, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810000, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, PR China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Ziwen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yuanze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Leilei Qiao
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kelu Chen
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology in Cold Regions, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810000, PR China; Moutai Institute, Renhuai, 564500, PR China
| | - Guobin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, PR China
| | - Coen Ritsema
- Wageningen University & Research, Soil Physics and Land Management, POB 47, NL-6700, AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Wageningen University & Research, Soil Physics and Land Management, POB 47, NL-6700, AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Xue Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, PR China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Silva V, Gai L, Harkes P, Tan G, Ritsema CJ, Alcon F, Contreras J, Abrantes N, Campos I, Baldi I, Bureau M, Christ F, Mandrioli D, Sgargi D, Pasković I, Polić Pasković M, Glavan M, Hofman J, Huerta Lwanga E, Norgaard T, Bílková Z, Osman R, Khurshid C, Navarro I, de la Torre A, Sanz P, Ángeles Martínez M, Dias J, Mol H, Gort G, Martins Figueiredo D, Scheepers PTJ, Schlünssen V, Vested A, Alaoui A, Geissen V. Pesticide residues with hazard classifications relevant to non-target species including humans are omnipresent in the environment and farmer residences. Environ Int 2023; 181:108280. [PMID: 37924602 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Intensive and widespread use of pesticides raises serious environmental and human health concerns. The presence and levels of 209 pesticide residues (active substances and transformation products) in 625 environmental samples (201 soil, 193 crop, 20 outdoor air, 115 indoor dust, 58 surface water, and 38 sediment samples) have been studied. The samples were collected during the 2021 growing season, across 10 study sites, covering the main European crops, and conventional and organic farming systems. We profiled the pesticide residues found in the different matrices using existing hazard classifications towards non-target organisms and humans. Combining monitoring data and hazard information, we developed an indicator for the prioritization of pesticides, which can support policy decisions and sustainable pesticide use transitions. Eighty-six percent of the samples had at least one residue above the respective limit of detection. One hundred residues were found in soil, 112 in water, 99 in sediments, 78 in crops, 76 in outdoor air, and 197 in indoor dust. The number, levels, and profile of residues varied between farming systems. Our results show that non-approved compounds still represent a significant part of environmental cocktails and should be accounted for in monitoring programs and risk assessments. The hazard profiles analysis confirms the dominance of compounds of low-moderate hazard and underscores the high hazard of some approved compounds and recurring "no data available" situations. Overall, our results support the idea that risk should be assessed in a mixture context, taking environmentally relevant mixtures into consideration. We have uncovered uncertainties and data gaps that should be addressed, as well as the policy implications at the EU approval status level. Our newly introduced indicator can help identify research priority areas, and act as a reference for targeted scenarios set forth in the Farm to Fork pesticide reduction goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Silva
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands
| | - Lingtong Gai
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands.
| | - Paula Harkes
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands
| | - Gaowei Tan
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands
| | - Coen J Ritsema
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands
| | - Francisco Alcon
- Agricultural Engineering School, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Spain
| | - Josefa Contreras
- Agricultural Engineering School, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Spain
| | - Nelson Abrantes
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Campos
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabelle Baldi
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathilde Bureau
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Florian Christ
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 12, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Daria Sgargi
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Italy
| | - Igor Pasković
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, K. Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Marija Polić Pasković
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, K. Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Matjaž Glavan
- Agronomy Department, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jakub Hofman
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, The Czech Republic
| | | | - Trine Norgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Zuzana Bílková
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, The Czech Republic
| | - Rima Osman
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands
| | - Chrow Khurshid
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands
| | - Irene Navarro
- Unit of POPs and Emerging Pollutants in Environment, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián de la Torre
- Unit of POPs and Emerging Pollutants in Environment, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Sanz
- Unit of POPs and Emerging Pollutants in Environment, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Martínez
- Unit of POPs and Emerging Pollutants in Environment, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonatan Dias
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), part of Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Mol
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), part of Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Gort
- Biometris, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | | | - Paul T J Scheepers
- Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Vested
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Abdallah Alaoui
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 12, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Matsuzaki R, Gunnigle E, Geissen V, Clarke G, Nagpal J, Cryan JF. Pesticide exposure and the microbiota-gut-brain axis. ISME J 2023:10.1038/s41396-023-01450-9. [PMID: 37328570 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01450-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota exist within a dynamic ecosystem shaped by various factors that includes exposure to xenobiotics such as pesticides. It is widely regarded that the gut microbiota plays an essential role in maintaining host health, including a major influence on the brain and behaviour. Given the widespread use of pesticides in modern agriculture practices, it is important to assess the long-term collateral effects these xenobiotic exposures have on gut microbiota composition and function. Indeed, exposure studies using animal models have shown that pesticides can induce negative impacts on the host gut microbiota, physiology and health. In tandem, there is a growing body of literature showing that the effects of pesticide exposure can be extended to the manifestation of behavioural impairments in the host. With the increasing appreciation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, in this review we assess whether pesticide-induced changes in gut microbiota composition profiles and functions could be driving these behavioural alterations. Currently, the diversity of pesticide type, exposure dose and variation in experimental designs hinders direct comparisons of studies presented. Although many insights presented, the mechanistic connection between the gut microbiota and behavioural changes remains insufficiently explored. Future experiments should therefore focus on causal mechanisms to examine the gut microbiota as the mediator of the behavioural impairments observed in the host following pesticide exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rie Matsuzaki
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12 YT20, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eoin Gunnigle
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20, Cork, Ireland
| | - Violette Geissen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry & Neurobehavioural Sciences, University College Cork, T12 YT20, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jatin Nagpal
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20, Cork, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University College Cork, T12 YT20, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20, Cork, Ireland.
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12 YT20, Cork, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yu Y, Chen Y, Wang Y, Xue S, Liu M, Tang DWS, Yang X, Geissen V. Response of soybean and maize roots and soil enzyme activities to biodegradable microplastics contaminated soil. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 262:115129. [PMID: 37315365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although biodegradable plastic film is a promising alternative product for reducing polyethylene plastic pollution in agricultural soils, the effects of its residues on plant growth and soil properties remain unclear. In this study, we conducted an experiment to investigate root properties and soil enzyme activities in Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) microplastics (PBAT-MPs) contaminated soil (0 % (CK), 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.5 % and 1 % of dry soil weight) with soybean (Glycine max (Linn.) Merr.) and maize (Zea mays L.). The results show that PBAT-MP accumulation in soil negatively affects root growth, and alter soil enzyme activities, which may then constrain C/N cycling and potential yields. For soybean, the total root length, total root surface area and root biomass decreased by 34 %- 58 %, 34 %- 54 % and 25 %- 40 % at the harvesting stage compared to CK, respectively. The negative effects of PBAT-MPs on maize roots were greater than on soybean roots. The total root length, root surface area and root biomass of maize decreased by 37 %- 71 %, 33 %- 71 % and 24 %- 64 % at the tasseling and harvesting stage, respectively (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a statistical analysis of the data indicates that the inhibition of soybean and maize root growth by PBAT-MP accumulation was mediated by the significantly different impacts of PBAT-MP addition on C-enzyme (β-xylosidase, cellobiohydrolase, β-glucosidase) and N-enzyme activities (leucine-aminopeptidase, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, alanine aminotransferase) in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil, possibly due to interactions with plant-specific root exudates and microbial communities. These findings show the potential risks posed by biodegradable microplastics on the plant-soil system, and suggest that biodegradable plastic film should be applied with caution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, China; Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sha Xue
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Mengjuan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, China
| | - Darrell W S Tang
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, China; Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen W, Zhou H, Wu Y, Wang J, Zhao Z, Li Y, Qiao L, Chen K, Liu G, Ritsema C, Geissen V, Guo X, Xue S. Long-term warming impacts grassland ecosystem function: Role of diversity loss in conditionally rare bacterial taxa. Sci Total Environ 2023:164722. [PMID: 37308011 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The impact of microbial communities on ecosystem function varies due to the diverse biological attributes and sensitivities exhibited by different taxonomic groups. These groups can be classified as always rare (ART), conditionally rare (CRT), dominant, and total taxa, each affecting ecosystem function in distinct ways. Thus, understanding the functional traits of organisms within these taxa is crucial for comprehending their contributions to overall ecosystem function. In our study, we investigated the influence of climate warming on the biogeochemical cycles of the ecosystem in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, utilizing an open top chamber experiment. Simulated warming significantly lowered ecosystem function in the grassland but not in the shrubland. This discrepancy was due to the diverse responses of the various taxa present in each ecosystem to warming conditions and their differing roles in determining and regulating ecosystem function. The microbial maintenance of ecosystem function was primarily reliant on the diversity of bacterial dominant taxa and CRT and was less dependent on ART and fungal taxa. Furthermore, bacterial CRT and dominant taxa of the grassland ecosystem were more sensitive to changing climatic conditions than grassland ART, resulting in a more pronounced negative diversity response. In conclusion, the biological maintenance of ecosystem function during climate warming is dependent on microbiome composition and the functional and response characteristics of the taxa present. Thus, understanding the functional traits and response characteristics of various taxa is crucial for predicting the effects of climate change on ecosystem function and informing ecological reconstruction efforts in alpine regions of the plateau.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Forestry College, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Huakun Zhou
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology in Cold Regions, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810000, China; State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810000, China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ziwen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuanze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Leilei Qiao
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kelu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Guobin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Coen Ritsema
- Wageningen University & Research, Soil Physics and Land Management, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Wageningen University & Research, Soil Physics and Land Management, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Xinrong Guo
- Wageningen University & Research, Soil Physics and Land Management, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sha Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810000, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mu H, Yang X, Wang K, Tang D, Xu W, Liu X, Ritsema CJ, Geissen V. Ecological risk assessment of pesticides on soil biota: An integrated field-modelling approach. Chemosphere 2023; 326:138428. [PMID: 36958499 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide residues in soils can cause negative impacts on soil health as well as soil biota. However, research related to the toxicity and exposure risks of pesticides to soil biota are scarce, especially in the North China Plain (NCP) where pesticides are intensively applied. In this study, the occurrence and distribution of 15 commonly used pesticides in 41 fields in Quzhou county in the NCP were determined during the growing season in 2020. The ecological risks of pesticides to the soil biota, including earthworms, enchytraeids, springtails, mites and nitrogen mineralization microorganisms, were assessed using toxicity exposure ratios (TERs) and risk quotient (RQ) methods. Based on pesticide detection rates and RQs, pesticide hazards were ranked using the Hasse diagram. The results showed that pesticides were concentrated in the 0-2 cm soil depth. Chlorantraniliprole was the most frequently detected pesticide with a detection rate of 37%, while the highest concentration of 1.85 mg kg-1 was found for carbendazim in apple orchards. Chlorpyrifos, carbendazim and imidacloprid posed a chronic exposure risk to E. fetida, F. candida and E. crypticus with the TERs exceeding the trigger value. Pesticide mixtures posed ecological risks to soil biota in 70% of the investigated sites. 47.5% of samples were ranked as high-risk, with the maximum RQ exceeding 490. According to the Hasse diagram, abamectin, tebuconazole, chlorantraniliprole and chlorpyrifos were ranked as the most hazardous pesticides for soil biota in the study region, indicating that alternative methods of pest management need to be considered. Therefore, practical risk mitigation solutions are recommended, in which the use of hazardous pesticides would be replaced with low-risk pesticides with similar functions from the Hasse diagram, or with biopesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Mu
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700, AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700, AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Darrell Tang
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700, AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Coen J Ritsema
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700, AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700, AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ju H, Yang X, Osman R, Geissen V. The role of microplastic aging on chlorpyrifos adsorption-desorption and microplastic bioconcentration. Environ Pollut 2023:121910. [PMID: 37247767 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) in soil undergo different aging processes such as photoaging, mechanical abrasion and biodegradation, leading to alterations in the surface properties of MPs. In this study, we investigated the adsorption-desorption of chlorpyrifos (CPF) on pristine and UV light-aged low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and biodegradable (Bio) MPs that were derived from plastic mulch films. We also tested the bioconcentration of pristine and aged MPs (LDPE- and Bio-MPs aged under UV light and LDPE-MPs aged in three different soils) associated with CPF by earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris). The results showed that UV-aged MPs showed higher CPF adsorption capacities than pristine MPs, with the adsorption capacities at 184.9 ± 5.3, 200.5 ± 1.8, 193.0 ± 8.7, and 215.9 ± 1.1 μg g-1 for pristine LDPE-, UV-aged LDPE-, pristine Bio- and UV-aged Bio-MPs, respectively. The desorption rate of CPF from UV-aged LDPE-MPs within 48 h was lower than the desorption from pristine ones (28.8 ± 7.7% vs. 40.0 ± 3.9%), while both pristine and UV-aged Bio-MPs showed very low CPF desorption rates. A 4-day Petri dish experiment showed that UV-aged MPs were significantly less concentrated in earthworm casts than pristine counterparts (52% and 36% lower for UV-aged LDPE- and Bio-MPs), while UV-aged MPs with adsorbed CPF were concentrated significantly more than UV-aged MPs without CPF. Interestingly, LDPE-MPs aged in soil with a high carbon, nitrogen, and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio were significantly more concentrated in earthworm casts than pristine LDPE-MPs. In conclusion, UV-aged MPs acted as stronger vectors for CPF than pristine MPs. The bioconcentration of MPs differed significantly due to microplastic aging, as well as the combined effect with CPF. Moreover, LDPE-MPs aged in soil with enriched carbon and nitrogen were significantly concentrated in earthworm casts. Further studies on the environmental behaviours of aged MPs associated with other pollutants in soil, especially soils high in carbon and nitrogen, are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ju
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, China.
| | - Rima Osman
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Meng K, Lwanga EH, van der Zee M, Munhoz DR, Geissen V. Fragmentation and depolymerization of microplastics in the earthworm gut: A potential for microplastic bioremediation? J Hazard Mater 2023; 447:130765. [PMID: 36640504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of microplastics poses potential risks to soil health. Here, we did a preliminary exploration on the potential of Lumbricus terrestris (Oligochaeta) to reduce low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polylactic acid (PLA), and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) microplastic (20-648 µm) contamination in soils. The ingestion of microplastics-contaminated soil (1% of microplastics, dw/dw) in a mesocosm system and the ingestion of pure microplastics in the Petri Dish by earthworms were studied. Results show that earthworms survived in the microplastics-contaminated soil (0% mortality in 35 days) but barely when exposed solely to microplastics (30-80% mortality in 4 days). Size-dependent ingestion of microplastics was not observed. The fragmentation of LDPE microplastics in the gizzard facilitated by soil was confirmed by the significantly increased ratio of small-sized (20-113 µm) microplastics from the bulk soil to the gut (from 8.4% to 18.8%). PLA and PBAT microplastics were fragmented by gizzard without the facilitation of soil, the ratios of small-sized (20-113 µm) PLA and PBAT microplastics in the gut were 55.5% and 108.2% higher than in respective pristine distributions. Substantial depolymerization of PLA (weight-average molar mass reduced by 17.7% with shift in molecular weight distribution) and suspected depolymerization of PBAT were observed in the worm gut, while no change in the molar mass was observed for PLA and PBAT microplastics buried in the soil for 49 days. Our results suggest that ingested microplastics could undergo fragmentation and depolymerization (for certain polymers) in the earthworm gut. Further research is needed to reveal the mechanisms of polymer depolymerization in the earthworm gut and to evaluate the feasibility of microplastic bioremediation with earthworms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Meng
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Esperanza Huerta Lwanga
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands; Agroecología, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Campeche, Av Polígono s/n, Cd. Industrial, Lerma, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Maarten van der Zee
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708WG Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Davi Renato Munhoz
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Meng K, Teng Y, Ren W, Wang B, Geissen V. Degradation of commercial biodegradable plastics and temporal dynamics of associated bacterial communities in soils: A microcosm study. Sci Total Environ 2023; 865:161207. [PMID: 36581270 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable plastics (BDPs) have been introduced to replace conventional fossil-based non-biodegradable plastics in agricultural production to reduce the accumulation of plastic debris in soils. However, the degradation performance of commercially available BDP products in real soils and the response of soil microbial communities to biodegradation remain unclear. Here, we explored the degradation characteristics of a commercial BDP product (made from starch, polylactic acid (PLA) and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT)) in different soils in a microcosm system over a period of 360 days. Temporal dynamics of associated bacterial communities in different soil niches (control soil, plastic surface soil and bulk soil (soil without close contact with plastics)) were profiled. Weight loss reached 42.0±1.2% to 48.0±2.2% in different soils after 360 days. The degradation of BDP followed the same pattern in different soils characterized by two distinct stages. In the first stage (day 0-30), BDPs experienced major weight loss (35.8-41.9%) which coincided with a drastic increase in the soil dissolve organic carbon (1.53-2.25 times the control soil) and the forming of distinct bacterial communities in the plastic surface soil. Thermalgravimetric analysis (TGA) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis confirmed the fast depletion of starch in this stage. In addition, observations with naked eyes and scanning electron microscope confirmed intensive microbial colonization on BDP surfaces. In the second stage (day 30-360), the degradation of remaining PLA and PBAT continued at a relatively slow rate. Meanwhile bacterial communities in the plastic surface soil started to gradually recover from the disturbance caused by fast biodegradation in the first stage in a soil-dependent manner. Our findings indicate that the degradation performance of BDPs was limited by the degradation rate of relatively recalcitrant components and the temporal dynamics of associated soil bacterial communities synchronized with the degradation of BDPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Meng
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ying Teng
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Wenjie Ren
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Qu Q, Xu H, Ai Z, Wang M, Wang G, Liu G, Geissen V, Ritsema CJ, Xue S. Impacts of extreme weather events on terrestrial carbon and nitrogen cycling: A global meta-analysis. Environ Pollut 2023; 319:120996. [PMID: 36608729 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Some weather events like drought, increased precipitation, and warming exert substantial impact on the terrestrial C and N cycling. However, it remains largely unclear about the effect of extreme weather events (extreme drought, heavy rainfall, extreme heat, and extreme cold) on terrestrial C and N cycling. This study aims to analyze the responses of pools and fluxes of C and N in plants, soil, and microbes to extreme weather events by conducting a global meta-analysis of 656 pairwise observations. Results showed that extreme weather events (extreme drought, heavy rainfall, and extreme heat) decreased plant biomass and C flux, and extreme drought and heavy rainfall decreased the plant N pool and soil N flux. These results suggest that extreme weather events weaken the C and N cycling process in terrestrial ecosystems. However, this study did not determine the impact of extreme cold on ecosystem C and N cycling. Additional field experiments are needed to reveal the effects of extreme cold on global C and N cycling patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zemin Ai
- College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Minggang Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guobin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Violette Geissen
- Wageningen University & Research, Soil Physics and Land Management, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Coen J Ritsema
- Wageningen University & Research, Soil Physics and Land Management, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sha Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Leitão IA, van Schaik L, Ferreira AJD, Alexandre N, Geissen V. The spatial distribution of microplastics in topsoils of an urban environment - Coimbra city case-study. Environ Res 2023; 218:114961. [PMID: 36495955 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to their seemingly ubiquitous nature and links to environmental and human health problems, microplastics are quickly becoming a major concern worldwide. Artificial environments, such as those found in urban environments, represent some of the main sources of microplastic. However, very few studies have focused on the occurrence of microplastics in urban soils. The aim of the current research was to evaluate the microplastic contamination in urban soils from artificial and natural land uses throughout Coimbra city, Portugal. Sixty-seven spaces and ten land use areas were evaluated. The artificial land use areas were dumps, landfills, parking lots, industries and construction areas, and the natural land use areas were forests, urban parks, moors (wetlands), pastures and urban agricultural areas. Microplastic extraction was done by density separation. Quantification and size measurements of microplastics was carried out using a microscope. Polymer types were identified by μ-FTIR for 25% of the samples. The microplastic content ranged from 5 × 103 to 571 × 103 particles·kg-1, with a mean of 106 × 103 particle·kg-1. The green park was the land use with the highest concentration of microplastics (158 × 103 particle·kg-1) and the forest was the one with the lowest concentration (55 × 103 particle·kg-1). The landfill (150 × 103 particle·kg-1), industry (127 × 103 particle·kg-1) and dump (126 × 103 particle·kg-1) were the artificial spaces with the highest levels of microplastics. The main polymers detected were polypropylene and polyethylene, followed by polyvinyl chloride and rubber, and the main sizes measured between 50 and 250 μm. Our results indicate that natural spaces can contain higher amounts of microplastics as compared to artificial spaces in the urban environment. This suggests that microplastics are easily transported through the urban landscape and that urban green spaces can retain microplastics in their soils. Land use planning may present an opportunity to better control the levels of microplastics in urban environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I A Leitão
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group (SLM), Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, Netherlands; Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS), Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Escola Superior Agrária de Coimbra, Bencanta, 3045-601, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - L van Schaik
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group (SLM), Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - A J D Ferreira
- Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS), Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Escola Superior Agrária de Coimbra, Bencanta, 3045-601, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - N Alexandre
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group (SLM), Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - V Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group (SLM), Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ju H, Yang X, Osman R, Geissen V. Effects of microplastics and chlorpyrifos on earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) and their biogenic transport in sandy soil. Environ Pollut 2023; 316:120483. [PMID: 36306883 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in agricultural soil, little is known about the effects of MPs combined with pesticides on soil organisms and their biogenic transport through the soil profile. In this study, we conducted mesocosm experiments to observe the effects of microplastics (polyethylene (LDPE-MPs) and biodegradable microplastics (Bio-MPs)) and chlorpyrifos (CPF) on earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) mortality, growth and reproduction, as well as the biogenic transport of these contaminants through earthworm burrows. The results showed that earthworm reproduction was not affected by any treatment, but earthworm weight was reduced by 17.6% and the mortality increased by 62.5% in treatments with 28% Bio-MPs. Treatments with 28% LDPE-MPs and 7% Bio-MPs combined with CPF showed greater toxicity while the treatment with 28% Bio-MPs combined with CPF showed less toxicity on earthworm growth as compared to treatments with only MPs. The treatments with 1250 g ha-1 CPF and 28% Bio-MPs significantly decreased the bioaccumulation of CPF in earthworm bodies (1.1 ± 0.2%, w w-1), compared to the treatment with CPF alone (1.7 ± 0.4%). With CPF addition, more LDPE-MPs (8%) were transported into earthworm burrows and the distribution rate of LDPE-MPs in deeper soil was increased. No effect was observed on the transport of Bio-MPs. More CPF was transported into soil in the treatments with LDPE-MPs and Bio-MPs, 5% and 10% of added CPF, respectively. In addition, a lower level of the CPF metabolite 3,5,6-trichloropyridinol was detected in soil samples from the treatments with MPs additions than without MP additions, indicating that the presence of MPs inhibited CPF degradation. In conclusion, Bio-MPs caused significant toxicity effects on earthworms and the different types of MPs combined with CPF affected earthworms differently, and their transport along the soil profile. Thus, further research is urgently needed to understand the environmental risks of MPs and MP-associated compounds in the soil ecosystem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ju
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, China.
| | - Rima Osman
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lwanga EH, van Roshum I, Munhoz DR, Meng K, Rezaei M, Goossens D, Bijsterbosch J, Alexandre N, Oosterwijk J, Krol M, Peters P, Geissen V, Ritsema C. Microplastic appraisal of soil, water, ditch sediment and airborne dust: The case of agricultural systems. Environ Pollut 2023; 316:120513. [PMID: 36374801 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although microplastic pollution jeopardizes both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, the movement of plastic particles through terrestrial environments is still poorly understood. Agricultural soils exposed to different managements are important sites of storage and dispersal of microplastics. This study aimed to identify the abundance, distribution, and type of microplastics present in agricultural soils, water, airborne dust, and ditch sediments. Soil health was also assessed using soil macroinvertebrate abundance and diversity. Sixteen fields were evaluated, 6 of which had been exposed to more than 5 years of compost application, 5 were exposed to at least 5 years of plastic mulch use, and 5 were not exposed to any specific management (controls) within the last 5 years. We also evaluated the spread of microplastics from the farms into nearby water bodies and airborne dust. We found 11 types of microplastics in soil, among which Light Density Polyethylene (LDPE) and Light Density Polyethylene covered with pro-oxidant additives (PAC) were the most abundant. The highest concentrations of plastics were found in soils exposed to plastic mulch management (128.7 ± 320 MPs.g-1 soil and 224.84 ± 488 MPs.g-1 soil, respectively) and the particles measured from 50 to 150 μm. Nine types of microplastics were found in water, with the highest concentrations observed in systems exposed to compost. Farms applying compost had higher LDPE and PAC concentrations in ditch sediments as compared to control and mulch systems; a significant correlation between soil polypropylene (PP) microplastics with ditch sediment microplastics (r2 0.7 p < 0.05) was found. LDPE, PAC, PE (Polyethylene), and PP were the most abundant microplastics in airborne dust. Soil invertebrates were scarce in the systems using plastic mulch. A cocktail of microplastics was found in all assessed matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Huerta Lwanga
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Agroecología, El Colegio de La Frontera Sur, Unidad Campeche, Campeche, Mexico.
| | - Ilse van Roshum
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Davi R Munhoz
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ke Meng
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mahrooz Rezaei
- Meteorology and Air Quality Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk Goossens
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; KU Leuven Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Geo-Institute, Celestijnenlaan 200 E, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Judith Bijsterbosch
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nuno Alexandre
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Julia Oosterwijk
- Meteorology and Air Quality Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Krol
- Meteorology and Air Quality Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Piet Peters
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Coen Ritsema
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang L, Nie X, Zhang M, Gu M, Geissen V, Ritsema CJ, Niu D, Zhang H. Lexicon and attention-based named entity recognition for kiwifruit diseases and pests: A Deep learning approach. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1053449. [PMID: 36466267 PMCID: PMC9714304 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1053449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Named Entity Recognition (NER) is a crucial step in mining information from massive agricultural texts, which is required in the construction of many knowledge-based agricultural support systems, such as agricultural technology question answering systems. The vital domain characteristics of Chinese agricultural text cause the Chinese NER (CNER) in kiwifruit diseases and pests to suffer from the insensitivity of common word segmentation tools to kiwifruit-related texts and the feature extraction capability of the sequence encoding layer being challenged. In order to alleviate the above problems, effectively mine information from kiwifruit-related texts to provide support for agricultural support systems such as agricultural question answering systems, this study constructed a novel Chinese agricultural NER (CANER) model KIWINER by statistics-based new word detection and two novel modules, AttSoftlexicon (Criss-cross attention-based Softlexicon) and PCAT (Parallel connection criss-cross attention), proposed in this paper. Specifically, new words were detected to improve the adaptability of word segmentation tools to kiwifruit-related texts, thereby constructing a kiwifruit lexicon. The AttSoftlexicon integrates word information into the model and makes full use of the word information with the help of Criss-cross attention network (CCNet). And the PCAT improves the feature extraction ability of sequence encoding layer through CCNet and parallel connection structure. The performance of KIWINER was evaluated on four datasets, namely KIWID (Self-annotated), Boson, ClueNER, and People's Daily, which achieved optimal F1-scores of 88.94%, 85.13%, 80.52%, and 92.82%, respectively. Experimental results in many aspects illustrated that methods proposed in this paper can effectively improve the recognition effect of kiwifruit diseases and pests named entities, especially for diseases and pests with strong domain characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilin Zhang
- College of Information Engineering, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry (A&F) University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaolin Nie
- College of Information Engineering, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry (A&F) University, Yangling, China
| | - Mingmei Zhang
- College of Information Engineering, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry (A&F) University, Yangling, China
| | - Mingyang Gu
- College of Information Engineering, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry (A&F) University, Yangling, China
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Coen J. Ritsema
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Dangdang Niu
- College of Information Engineering, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry (A&F) University, Yangling, China
| | - Hongming Zhang
- College of Information Engineering, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry (A&F) University, Yangling, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mu H, Zhang J, Yang X, Wang K, Xu W, Zhang H, Liu X, Ritsema CJ, Geissen V. Pesticide screening and health risk assessment of residential dust in a rural region of the North China Plain. Chemosphere 2022; 303:135115. [PMID: 35636607 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides that have accumulated in arable soil could be easily transported by wind erosion, thereby potentially threating air quality and human health in surrounding areas. The risks this poses to farmers exposed to pesticide-associated dust is still unknown, especially in rural areas of China. In this study, we screened pesticide residues in dust (indoor and outdoor) collected from the homes and yards of pesticide sprayers (21 participants) and farm workers (14 participants) living in Quzhou County located in the North China Plain to assess health risks by exposed to pesticide-contaminated dust. The results showed that multiple pesticide residues were detected in the dust samples and more than 90% of the samples contained over 10 pesticide residues. The maximum detected number of residues was 23, out of the 25 pesticides currently used in the farming area. There was a wide range of pesticide concentrations with the geometric mean values measuring between 0.03 and 0.86 mg kg-1. More residues and higher concentrations of pesticides were detected in indoor dust compared to outdoor dust. Over the monitoring period, the pesticide application has not caused significant pesticide accumulation in dust. The measured concentrations of carbendazim, dimethomorph, dimethomorph and pendimethalin paired indoor-outdoor dust samples were significantly correlated (p < 0.05). The health risks were assessed using the hazard index (HI) and highest HI was found for children under indoor exposure (HI = 0.82). In addition, based on the survey and statistics, pesticide preparation in the home was significantly correlated with the pesticide indoor exposure level. Therefore, farmers should take measures, such as preparing pesticides outside of the house or in the open fields with protection, in order to avoid the exposure risk of pesticides associated with dust.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Mu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jingcheng Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xuejun Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Coen J Ritsema
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mu H, Wang K, Yang X, Xu W, Liu X, Ritsema CJ, Geissen V. Pesticide usage practices and the exposure risk to pollinators: A case study in the North China Plain. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 241:113713. [PMID: 35667311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to the frequent pesticide applications, bees are suffered from pesticide exposure risks via consumption and direct contact with sprayed drifts. However, if pesticides are misused and the potential exposure risk to bees based on realistic pesticide application data are still little reported. In this study, pesticide application patterns in wheat-maize rotation system, vegetable and apple producing areas, was studied by interviewing farmers in Quzhou County, the North China Plain. The pesticide use status was evaluated by the recommended and actual applied dose and risk quotient (RQ) based Bee-REX model was used to assess the exposure risks of pesticide to bees based on the collected pesticide application data. The results showed that over half (52 %) of farmers in selected sites misused pesticides and orchard owners were frequently misused pesticides. Positive correlations were found between pesticide usage performance and farmers' specialized training experience. Pesticides applied in orchards have caused higher exposure risks to bees with the mean of RQs exceed 120 and 1880 via acute contact and dietary routes, respectively. Pesticide misuse significantly elevates the exposure risk to bees that the mean RQ under misuse scenarios was 5.8 times than that of correct use. Abamectin, fipronil and neonicotinoids contributed most to the pesticide exposure risk to bees. The main findings of this study imply that more sustainable pest and pollinator management strategies, including the moratorium high-risk insecticides and providing diverse flower resources and habitats, are highly needed. Additionally, measures such as implementing farmer educating and training programs should also be put on the agenda.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Mu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, China
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Coen J Ritsema
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Guo Z, Li P, Yang X, Wang Z, Lu B, Chen W, Wu Y, Li G, Zhao Z, Liu G, Ritsema C, Geissen V, Xue S. Soil texture is an important factor determining how microplastics affect soil hydraulic characteristics. Environ Int 2022; 165:107293. [PMID: 35609499 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution and changes to soil hydraulic characteristics affect the physical properties and functions of soil; however, knowledge remains limited on how microplastics influence soil hydraulic properties. Nonetheless, it is important to understand these relationships to maintain soil health and ensure sustainable land use, especially in the current "plastic age." This case study explored how different particle sizes (20, 200, and 500 μm) and concentrations (up to 6%) of polypropylene microplastics affect the hydraulic properties of three soil textures (loam, clay, and sand). The results show that addition of microplastic reduced the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) of the three soils by 69.79%, 77.11%, and 95.79%, respectively. These observed adverse effects of microplastics on the infiltration properties of the three studied soils were influenced by particle size, with larger particles having the weakest effect. Furthermore, microplastic addition reduced the water retention capacity of the clay to a greater extent than that of the loam and sand. In the case of clay, the slope of the water characteristic curve (SWRC) increased significantly, whereas the saturated water content (θs) and residual water content (θr) curves decreased significantly. Importantly, the interaction between microplastics and soil alters the soil pore-size distribution and reduces pore availability. Overall, this case study demonstrates the impact of microplastic on the hydraulic properties of different soil textures, which can inform management strategies to minimize the adverse effects of microplastic accumulation on yields where plastics are used in agricultural production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ZiQi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China; Chendu Engineering Corporation Limited, Power China , Chendu 610072, China
| | - XiaoMei Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, China; Wageningen University & Research, Soil Physics and Land Management, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - ZhanHui Wang
- Hebei Drinking Water Safety Monitoring Technology Innovation Center, Chengde 067000,PR China
| | - BingBing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - WenJing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - GuanWen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - ZiWen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - GuoBin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Coen Ritsema
- Wageningen University & Research, Soil Physics and Land Management, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Wageningen University & Research, Soil Physics and Land Management, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sha Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Silva V, Yang X, Fleskens L, Ritsema CJ, Geissen V. Environmental and human health at risk - Scenarios to achieve the Farm to Fork 50% pesticide reduction goals. Environ Int 2022; 165:107296. [PMID: 35580470 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The recently released Farm to Fork Strategy of the European Union sets, for the first time, pesticide reduction goals at the EU level: 50% reduction in overall use and risk of chemical pesticides and a 50% use reduction of more hazardous pesticides. However, there is little guidance provided as to how to achieve these targets. In this study, we compiled the characteristics of all 230 EU-approved, synthetic, open-field use active substances (AS) used as herbicides, fungicides and insecticides, and explored the potential of seven Farm to Fork-inspired pesticide use reduction scenarios to achieve the 50% reduction goals. The pesticide reduction scenarios were based on recommended AS application rates, pesticide type, soil persistence, presence on the candidate for substitution list, and hazard to humans and ecosystems. All 230 AS have been found to cause negative effects on humans or ecosystems depending on exposure levels. This is found despite the incomplete hazard profiles of several AS. 'No data available' situations are often observed for the same endpoints and specific organisms. The results of the scenarios indicate that only severe pesticide use restrictions, such as allowing only low-hazard substances, will result in the targeted 50% use and risk reductions. Over half of the 230 AS considered are top use or top hazard substances, however, the reduction actions depend on the still to be defined EC priority areas and action plans, also for other recent and related strategies. Broader scenario implications (on productivity, biodiversity or economy) and the response of farmers to the pesticide use restrictions should be explored in those plans to define effective actions. Our results emphasize the need for a re-evaluation of the approved AS and of their representative uses, and the call for open access to AS, crop and region-specific use data to refine scenarios and assess effective reductions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Silva
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Luuk Fleskens
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Coen J Ritsema
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Meng F, Yang X, Riksen M, Geissen V. Effect of different polymers of microplastics on soil organic carbon and nitrogen - A mesocosm experiment. Environ Res 2022; 204:111938. [PMID: 34478726 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural microplastic pollution has become a growing concern. Unfortunately, the impacts of microplastics (MPs) on agricultural soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics have not been sufficiently reported. In an attempt to remedy this, we conducted a 105-day out-door mesocosm experiment in a soil-plant system using sandy soils amended with two types of MPs, low-density polyethylene (LDPE-MPs) and biodegradable (Bio-MPs), at concentrations of 0.0% (control), 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5% (w/w, weight ratio of microplastics to air-dry soil). Soil organic matter (SOM), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), available nitrogen (AN) of N-NH4+ and N-NO3-, and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) were measured on day 46 (D46) and 105 (D105) of the experiment. SOM was also measured after microplastics were mixed into soils (D0). For LDPE-MPs treatments, SOM on D0, D46 and D105 showed no significant differences, while for Bio-MPs treatments, SOM significantly (p < 0.05) decreased from D0 to D46. Compared to the control, soil POXC was significantly (p = 0.001) lowered by 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.5% LDPE-MPs and ≥ 1.0% Bio-MPs on D105. LDPE-MPs showed no significant effects on soil DOC and nitrogen cycling. 2.0% and 2.5% Bio-MPs showed significantly higher (p < 0.001) DOC and DON (on D46 and D105) and ≥1.5% Bio-MPs showed significantly lower (p = 0.02) AN (on D46). Overall, Bio-MPs exerted stronger effects on the dynamics of soil carbon and nitrogen cycling. In conclusion, microplastics might pose serious threats to agroecosystems and further research is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanrong Meng
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands; National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Michel Riksen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang Y, Yang X, Xu M, Geissen V. Effects of chloropicrin fumigation and azoxystrobin application on ginger growth and phosphorus uptake. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 232:113246. [PMID: 35091296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil chloropicrin (CP) fumigation helps to increase crop yields by eliminating soil-borne diseases which inhibit plant growth. However, little is known about the effect of the CP fumigation combined with fungicide application on plant growth and nutrient uptake. In this study, we conducted a mesocosm experiment with six treatments: CK (untreated soil), AZO1 (a single application of azoxystrobin (AZO)), AZO2 (double applications of AZO), CP (CP fumigation with no AZO), CP+AZO1 (CP combined with AZO1) and CP+AZO2 (CP combined with AZO2) to investigate the effects of CP fumigation and AZO application on ginger growth and phosphorus (P) uptake. Results showed that a single application of AZO had no significant effect on ginger height, biomass and P uptake whether treated with or without CP fumigation, whereas double applications of AZO combined with CP fumigation significantly improved ginger height and the total amount of P in root (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, AZO residues were similar in all treatments with the same number of applications, with less than 50% remaining in the soil after 7 days applied, indicating that CP fumigation treatment did not influence AZO degradation in ginger cultivation. In addition, although the differences in P use efficiency observed across the different treatments were not significant, they nevertheless suggest that the P budget and soil microbial activity may contribute to those differences. Therefore, further studies should be done to link P cycling with microbial communities, and how these related to fumigation and fungicide application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands; National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Minggang Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Qi Y, Ossowicki A, Yergeau É, Vigani G, Geissen V, Garbeva P. Plastic mulch film residues in agriculture: impact on soil suppressiveness, plant growth and microbial communities. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6527574. [PMID: 35150249 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastic mulch film residues have been accumulating in agricultural soils for decades, but so far, little is known about its consequences on soil microbial communities and functions. Here, we tested the effects of plastic residues of low-density polyethylene and biodegradable mulch films on soil suppressiveness and microbial community composition. We investigated how plastic residues in a Fusarium culmorum suppressive soil affect the level of disease suppressiveness, plant biomass, nutrient status and microbial communities in rhizosphere using a controlled pot experiment. The addition of 1% plastic residues to the suppressive soil did not affect the level of suppression and the disease symptoms index. However, we did find that plant biomasses decreased, and that plant nutrient status changed in the presence of plastic residues. No significant changes in bacterial and fungal rhizosphere communities were observed. Nonetheless, bacterial and fungal communities closely attached to the plastisphere were very different from the rhizosphere communities with overrepresentation of potential plant pathogens. The plastisphere revealed a high abundance of specific bacterial phyla (Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria) and fungal genera (Rhizoctonia and Arthrobotrys). Our work revealed new insights and raises emerging questions for further studies on the impact of microplastics on the agroecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueling Qi
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.,Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adam Ossowicki
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Biology Centre CAS, Na Sádkách 7, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Étienne Yergeau
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Gianpiero Vigani
- University of Turin, Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paolina Garbeva
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Silva V, Alaoui A, Schlünssen V, Vested A, Graumans M, van Dael M, Trevisan M, Suciu N, Mol H, Beekmann K, Figueiredo D, Harkes P, Hofman J, Kandeler E, Abrantes N, Campos I, Martínez MÁ, Pereira JL, Goossens D, Gandrass J, Debler F, Lwanga EH, Jonker M, van Langevelde F, Sorensen MT, Wells JM, Boekhorst J, Huss A, Mandrioli D, Sgargi D, Nathanail P, Nathanail J, Tamm L, Fantke P, Mark J, Grovermann C, Frelih-Larsen A, Herb I, Chivers CA, Mills J, Alcon F, Contreras J, Baldi I, Pasković I, Matjaz G, Norgaard T, Aparicio V, Ritsema CJ, Geissen V, Scheepers PTJ. Collection of human and environmental data on pesticide use in Europe and Argentina: Field study protocol for the SPRINT project. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259748. [PMID: 34780516 PMCID: PMC8592492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Current farm systems rely on the use of Plant Protection Products (PPP) to secure high productivity and control threats to the quality of the crops. However, PPP use may have considerable impacts on human health and the environment. A study protocol is presented aiming to determine the occurrence and levels of PPP residues in plants (crops), animals (livestock), humans and other non-target species (ecosystem representatives) for exposure modelling and impact assessment. To achieve this, we designed a cross-sectional study to compare conventional and organic farm systems across Europe. Environmental and biological samples were/are being/will be collected during the 2021 growing season, at 10 case study sites in Europe covering a range of climate zones and crops. An additional study site in Argentina will inform the impact of PPP use on growing soybean which is an important European protein-source in animal feed. We will study the impact of PPP mixtures using an integrated risk assessment methodology. The fate of PPP in environmental media (soil, water and air) and in the homes of farmers will be monitored. This will be complemented by biomonitoring to estimate PPP uptake by humans and farm animals (cow, goat, sheep and chicken), and by collection of samples from non-target species (earthworms, fish, aquatic and terrestrial macroinvertebrates, bats, and farm cats). We will use data on PPP residues in environmental and biological matrices to estimate exposures by modelling. These exposure estimates together with health and toxicity data will be used to predict the impact of PPP use on environment, plant, animal and human health. The outcome of this study will then be integrated with socio-economic information leading to an overall assessment used to identify transition pathways towards more sustainable plant protection and inform decision makers, practitioners and other stakeholders regarding farming practices and land use policy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Silva
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Abdallah Alaoui
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Centre for Development and Environment, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Vested
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martien Graumans
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Maurice van Dael
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marco Trevisan
- Department for Sustainable Food Process (DISTAS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Nicoleta Suciu
- Department for Sustainable Food Process (DISTAS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Hans Mol
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Karsten Beekmann
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Daniel Figueiredo
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Paula Harkes
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jakub Hofman
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ellen Kandeler
- Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Soil Biology Department, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nelson Abrantes
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Campos
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - María Ángeles Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas–CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana Luísa Pereira
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Dirk Goossens
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- KU Leuven Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Geo-institute, Celestijnenlaan, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Juergen Gandrass
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Organic Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Freya Debler
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Organic Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Esperanza Huerta Lwanga
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Frank van Langevelde
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Jerry M. Wells
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jos Boekhorst
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Anke Huss
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Daniele Mandrioli
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daria Sgargi
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Lucius Tamm
- Research Institute of Organic Agriculture—FIBL, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jennifer Mark
- Research Institute of Organic Agriculture—FIBL, Frick, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Charlotte-Anne Chivers
- Countryside and Community Research Institute, University of Gloucestershire, Cheltenham, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Mills
- Countryside and Community Research Institute, University of Gloucestershire, Cheltenham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Isabelle Baldi
- INSERM U1219, EPICENE Team, Bordeaux University, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France
| | - Igor Pasković
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Poreč, Croatia
| | - Glavan Matjaz
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Trine Norgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Virginia Aparicio
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria—INTA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Coen J. Ritsema
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bhandari G, Atreya K, Vašíčková J, Yang X, Geissen V. Ecological risk assessment of pesticide residues in soils from vegetable production areas: A case study in S-Nepal. Sci Total Environ 2021; 788:147921. [PMID: 34134388 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides pose a serious risk to ecosystems. In this study, we used European Food Safety Authority methods, such as risk quotient (RQ) and toxicity exposure ratios (TER), to assess the potential ecological risks of 15 pesticide residues detected in agricultural soils in the Gaidahawa Rural Municipality of Nepal. The mean and maximum concentrations of the detected pesticide residues in the soil were used for risk characterization related to soil organisms. RQmean, TERmean and RQmaximum, TERmaximum were used to determine general and the worst-case scenarios, respectively. Of all the detected pesticides in soils, the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) for 27% of the pesticides was not available in literature for the tested soil organisms and their TER and RQ could not be calculated. RQ threshold value of ≥1 indicates high risk for organisms. Similarly, TER threshold value of ≥5, which is acceptable trigger point value for chronic exposure, indicates an acceptable risk. The results showed that the worst-case scenario (RQmaximum) indicated a high risk for soil organisms from chlorpyrifos [RQmaximum > 9 at depths (cm) of 0-5, 15-20 and 35-40 soil layer]; imidacloprid (1.78 in the 35-40 cm soil layer) and profenofos (3.37 in the 0-5 cm and 1.09 in the 35-40 cm soil layer). Likewise, for all the soil depths, the calculated TER for both the general and worst-case scenarios for chlorpyrifos ranged from 0.37 to 3.22, indicating chronic toxicity to F. candida. Furthermore, the risk of organophosphate pesticides for soil organisms in the sampling sites was mainly due to chlorpyrifos, except for two study sites where the risk was from profenofos. Ecological risk assessment (EcoRA) of the pesticide use in the study area indicated that the EFSA soil organisms were at risk at some of the localities where farmers practiced conventional farming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Bhandari
- Soil Physics and Land Management (SLM), Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands; Progressive Sustainable Developers Nepal (PSD-Nepal), P.O. Box 23883, Kathmandu 31, Nepal.
| | - Kishor Atreya
- School of Forestry and Natural Resource Management, Institute of Forestry (IOF), Tribhuvan University (TU), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Jana Vašíčková
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Soil Physics and Land Management (SLM), Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, China
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management (SLM), Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abbasi S, Rezaei M, Keshavarzi B, Mina M, Ritsema C, Geissen V. Investigation of the 2018 Shiraz dust event: Potential sources of metals, rare earth elements, and radionuclides; health assessment. Chemosphere 2021; 279:130533. [PMID: 33892458 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the middle of May 2018, an unprecedented dust storm occurred in the Shiraz metropolis. After the storm, several samples were collected from dust that settled around the city. These dust samples were analysed for potentially toxic elements (PTEs), rare earth elements (REEs), and radionuclides. This work is the first study that considered rare earth elements (REEs) for source identification and radionuclide contamination of Shiraz dust event. Hysplit model analysis and NASA and NOAA satellite maps illustrated that the air mass affecting Shiraz was moving mainly through the Saudi Arabian deserts. In addition, REE results of the dust that settled in Shiraz showed a trend similar to shale, sandstone, and especially Saudi Arabian soils. Ti/Al (0.01), Fe/Al (0.92), and Mg/Al (0.55) ratios and the values of LaN/SmN (0.91-0.98), GdN/YbN (1.8-2), LaN/YbN (1.7-1.9), HREE/LREE (0.52-0.6), Ce/Ce∗ (1.09-1.13), Eu/Eu∗ (1.03-1.18), Pr/Pr∗ (0.85-0.87), Gd/Gd∗ (1.1-1.15), and MREEs/MREE∗ (4.3-4.5) ratios provided insights into dust sources. These values indicated that Shiraz dust was affected by Asaluyeh and Iraq soils during transport and the main source of the dust that settled in Shiraz on the May 13, 2018 was Saudi Arabian soil. The concentrations of Mo, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Co, Mn, As, Cd, Ti, Al, Sc, and Fe in the settled dust were 0.24, 47.67, 67.33, 244, 70.27, 19.33, 664, 8.39, 0.65, 537.33, 40933.33, 11.54, and 37800 mg/kg, respectively. According to the enrichment factor (EF), coefficient variation, and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model the Mo, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd mainly originated from exhaust emissions and industrial activities. The activity concentrations of the radionuclides 7Be, 4 K, 137Cs, and 235U in the Shiraz-settled dust were 814, 421, 14, and 5.4 Bq kg-1, respectively and the activity concentration of 4 K was higher than the crustal average. Health risk assessment indices for the elements considering all three pathways revealed the following trend: dermal contact (HQderm)< inhalation (HQinh)< ingestion (HQing). The values of HQinh and HQing for children were higher than adults, while the values for the skin adsorption pathway for adults were higher than for children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Abbasi
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71454, Iran.
| | - Mahrooz Rezaei
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran; Meteorology and Air Quality Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO. Box 47, 6700, AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Behnam Keshavarzi
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71454, Iran
| | - Monireh Mina
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Coen Ritsema
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO. Box 47, 6700, AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO. Box 47, 6700, AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Geissen V, Silva V, Lwanga EH, Beriot N, Oostindie K, Bin Z, Pyne E, Busink S, Zomer P, Mol H, Ritsema CJ. Cocktails of pesticide residues in conventional and organic farming systems in Europe - Legacy of the past and turning point for the future. Environ Pollut 2021; 278:116827. [PMID: 33744785 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Considering that pesticides have been used in Europe for over 70 years, a system for monitoring pesticide residues in EU soils and their effects on soil health is long overdue. In an attempt to address this problem, we tested 340 EU agricultural topsoil samples for multiple pesticide residues. These samples originated from 4 representative EU case study sites (CSS), which covered 3 countries and four of the main EU crops: vegetable and orange production in Spain (S-V and S-O, respectively), grape production in Portugal (P-G), and potato production in the Netherlands (N-P). Soil samples were collected between 2015 and 2018 after harvest or before the start of the growing season, depending on the CSS. Conventional and organic farming results were compared in S-V, S-O and N-P. Soils from conventional farms presented mostly mixtures of pesticide residues, with a maximum of 16 residues/sample. Soils from organic farms had significantly fewer residues, with a maximum of 5 residues/sample. The residues with the highest frequency of detection and the highest content in soil were herbicides: glyphosate and its main metabolite AMPA (P-G, N-P, S-O), and pendimethalin (S-V). Total residue content in soil reached values of 0.8 mg kg-1 for S-V, 2 mg kg-1 for S-O and N-P, and 12 mg kg-1 for P-G. Organic soils presented 70-90% lower residue concentrations than the corresponding conventional soils. There is a severe knowledge gap concerning the effects of the accumulated and complex mixtures of pesticide residues found in soil on soil biota and soil health. Safety benchmarks should be defined and introduced into (soil) legislation as soon as possible. Furthermore, the process of transitioning to organic farming should take into consideration the residue mixtures at the conversion time and their residence time in soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Vera Silva
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Esperanza Huerta Lwanga
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Agroecología, El Colegio de La Frontera Sur - Unidad Campeche, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Nicolas Beriot
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Sustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Klaas Oostindie
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Zhaoqi Bin
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Erin Pyne
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sjors Busink
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Zomer
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Part of Wageningen University & Research Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Mol
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Part of Wageningen University & Research Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Coen J Ritsema
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ng EL, Lin SY, Dungan AM, Colwell JM, Ede S, Huerta Lwanga E, Meng K, Geissen V, Blackall LL, Chen D. Microplastic pollution alters forest soil microbiome. J Hazard Mater 2021; 409:124606. [PMID: 33246819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The impact of microplastic pollution on terrestrial biota is an emerging research area, and this is particularly so for soil biota. In this study, we addressed this knowledge gap by examining the impact of aged low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyester fibres (i.e. polyethylene terephthalate, PET) on a forest microbiome composition and activity. We also measured the corresponding physicochemical changes in the soil. We observed that bacteria community composition diverged in PET and LDPE treated soils from that of the control by day 42. These changes occurred at 0.2% and 0.4% (w/w) of PET and at 3% LDPE. Additionally, soil respiration was 8-fold higher in soil that received 3% LDPE compared to other treatments and control. There were no clear patterns linking these biological changes to physicochemical changes measured. Taken together, we concluded that microplastics aging in the environment may have evolutionary consequences for forest soil microbiome and there is immediate implication for climate change if the observed increase in soil respiration is reproducible in multiple ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ee Ling Ng
- School of Food and Agriculture, The University of Melbourne, 3010 Victoria, Australia.
| | - Silk Yu Lin
- School of Food and Agriculture, The University of Melbourne, 3010 Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashley M Dungan
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, 3010 Victoria, Australia
| | - John M Colwell
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, 4072 St Lucia, Australia
| | - Sarah Ede
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 4000 Brisbane, Australia; School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 4000 Brisbane, Australia
| | - Esperanza Huerta Lwanga
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; Agroecologia, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Campeche Av Polígono s/n, Cd. Industrial, Lerma, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Ke Meng
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Deli Chen
- School of Food and Agriculture, The University of Melbourne, 3010 Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Beriot N, Peek J, Zornoza R, Geissen V, Huerta Lwanga E. Low density-microplastics detected in sheep faeces and soil: A case study from the intensive vegetable farming in Southeast Spain. Sci Total Environ 2021; 755:142653. [PMID: 33069476 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
One of the main sources of plastic pollution in agricultural fields is the plastic mulch used by farmers to improve crop production. The plastic mulch is often not removed completely from the fields after harvest. Over time, the plastic mulch that is left of the fields is broken down into smaller particles which are dispersed by the wind or runoff. In the Region of Murcia in Spain, plastic mulch is heavily used for intensive vegetable farming. After harvest, sheep are released into the fields to graze on the vegetable residues. The objective of the study was to assess the plastic contamination in agricultural soil in Spain and the ingestion of plastic by sheep. Therefore, three research questions were established: i) What is the plastic content in agricultural soils where plastic mulch is commonly used? ii) Do livestock ingest the microplastics found in the soil? iii) How much plastic could be transported by the livestock? To answer these questions, we sampled top soils (0-10 cm) from 6 vegetable fields and collected sheep faeces from 5 different herds. The microplastic content was measured using density separation and visual identification. We found ~2 × 103 particles∙kg-1 in the soil and ~103 particles∙kg-1 in the faeces. The data show that plastic particles were present in the soil and that livestock ingested them. After ingesting plastic from one field, the sheep can become a source of microplastic contamination as they graze on other farms or grasslands. The potential transport of microplastics due to a herd of 1000 sheep was estimated to be ~106 particles∙ha-1∙y-1. Further studies should focus on: assessing how much of the plastic found in faeces comes directly from plastic mulching, estimating the plastic degradation in the guts of sheep and understanding the potential effects of these plastic residues on the health of livestock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Beriot
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Sustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain.
| | - Joost Peek
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Raul Zornoza
- Sustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Esperanza Huerta Lwanga
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Agroecología, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Campeche, Campeche, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Meng F, Yang X, Riksen M, Xu M, Geissen V. Response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) growth to soil contaminated with microplastics. Sci Total Environ 2021; 755:142516. [PMID: 33045612 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although concerns surrounding microplastics (MPs) in terrestrial ecosystems have been growing in recent years, little is known about the responses of plant growth to MPs pollution. Here, we conducted a pot experiment in a net house under natural condition by adding two types of MPs, low-density polyethylene (LDPE-MPs) and polylactic acid (PLA) mixed with poly-butylene-adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT, Bio-MPs), to sandy soil at 5 doses (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% ω/ω dry soil weight). The effects of LDPE-MPs and Bio-MPs on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) were tested. Compared to control (no MPs addition), LDPE-MPs showed no significant effects on shoot, root and fruit biomass while ≥1.0% LDPE-MPs showed significant higher specific root nodules (n·g-1 dry root biomass) and only 2.5% LDPE-MPs showed significant higher specific root length (cm·g-1 dry root biomass). 1.0% LDPE-MPs caused significant higher leaf area and 0.5% LDPE-MPs caused significant lower leaf relative chlorophyll content. For Bio-MPs treatment, compared to control, ≥1.5% Bio-MPs showed significant lower shoot and root biomass. ≥2.0% Bio-MPs showed significant lower leaf area and fruit biomass. All Bio-MPs treatments showed significant higher specific root length and specific root nodules as compared to control. The results of the current research show that both MPs induced the responses of common bean growth, and ≥1.5% Bio-MPs exerted stronger effects. Further studies of their ecological impacts on soil-plant systems are urgently needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanrong Meng
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands; National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Michel Riksen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Minggang Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Corradini F, Casado F, Leiva V, Huerta-Lwanga E, Geissen V. Microplastics occurrence and frequency in soils under different land uses on a regional scale. Sci Total Environ 2021; 752:141917. [PMID: 32892050 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The growing evidence of microplastic pollution in terrestrial ecosystems reveals adverse effects of microplastics on soil biota and plant growth. However, since large scale assessments are lacking, it is possible that the laboratory based experiments conducted have assumed unrealistic microplastic concentrations in soils. In this paper we present regional scale data on the presence of microplastics in soils under different land uses in the central valley of Chile, which is characterized by urbanization, agricultural, and mining operations. We identified microplastics in soils under four different land use systems having different management intensities (crop lands, pastures, rangelands, and natural grasslands), and all somewhat prone to accumulate microplastics from different sources. We analyzed 240 soil samples from Chile's central valley, trying to identify the most probable sources of the microplastics. Our hypothesis was that microplastics were ubiquitous in the environment and that their concentration peaks follow the intensity of fertilizer use (phosphorus), soil heavy metals concentrations derived from nearby mining operations (Zn and Cu), and distance to roads and urban areas. We did find evidence of microplastic pollution in crop lands and pastures (306 ± 360 and 184 ± 266 particles kg-1, respectively), but we did not observe pollution of rangelands and natural grasslands. Distance to mining operations, roads, or urban areas did not increase the microplastic particles count. Our observations contradict the common belief that microplastics are ubiquitous in the environment and relate the pollution problem more to agricultural activities. However, our data do not provide sufficient evidence to identify the pollution source. This is the first study that reports on microplastic occurrence in soils at a broad geographical scale. For greater insight on this topic more studies that contribute monitoring data about microplastics in soils are urgently needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Corradini
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands; Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA La Platina, Casilla 439, Correo 3, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Francisco Casado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA La Platina, Casilla 439, Correo 3, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vanessa Leiva
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA La Platina, Casilla 439, Correo 3, Santiago, Chile
| | - Esperanza Huerta-Lwanga
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands; Agroecología, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Campeche, Av Polígono s/n, Cd. Industrial, Lerma, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Meng F, Fan T, Yang X, Riksen M, Xu M, Geissen V. Effects of plastic mulching on the accumulation and distribution of macro and micro plastics in soils of two farming systems in Northwest China. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10375. [PMID: 33344073 PMCID: PMC7718786 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inappropriate disposal of the plastic mulching debris could create macroplastics (MaPs) and microplastics (MiPs) pollution in agricultural soil. Methods To study the effects of farming systems on accumulation and distribution of agricultural plastic debris, research was carried out on two farming systems in Northwest China. Farming in Wutong Village (S1) is characterized by small plots and low-intensity machine tillage while farming in Shihezi (S2) is characterized by large plots and high-intensity machine tillage. In September 2017, we selected six fields in S1, three fields with 6–8 years of continuous plastic mulching (CM) as well as three fields with over 30 years of intermittent mulching (IM). In S2, we selected five cotton fields with 6, 7, 8, 15 and 18 years of continuous mulching. In both regions, MaPs and MiPs from soil surface to 30 cm depth (0–30 cm) were sampled. Results The results showed that in S1, MaPs mass in fields with 6–8 years CM (i.e., 97.4kg·ha−1) were significantly higher than in fields with 30 years IM (i.e., 53.7 kg·ha−1). MaPs in size category of 10–50 cm2 accounted for 46.9% in fields of CM and 44.5% in fields of IM of total collected MaPs number. In S2, MaPs mass ranged from 43.5 kg·ha−1 to 148 kg·ha−1. MaPs in size category of 2–10 cm2 account for 41.1% of total collected MaPs number while 0.25–2 cm2 accounted for 40.6%. MiPs in S1 were mainly detected in fields with over 30 years of intermittent mulching (up to 2,200 particles·kg−1 soil), whereas in S2 were detected in all fields (up to 900 particles·kg−1 soil). The results indicated farming systems could substantially affect the accumulation and distribution of agricultural plastic debris. Continuous plastic mulching could accumulate higher amount of MaPs than intermittent plastic mulching. High-intensity machine tillage could lead to higher fragmentation of MaPs and more severe MiPs pollution. These results suggest that agricultural plastic regulations are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanrong Meng
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tinglu Fan
- Dryland Agriculture Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Michel Riksen
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Minggang Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Qi Y, Beriot N, Gort G, Huerta Lwanga E, Gooren H, Yang X, Geissen V. Impact of plastic mulch film debris on soil physicochemical and hydrological properties. Environ Pollut 2020; 266:115097. [PMID: 32629308 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The plastic mulch films used in agriculture are considered to be a major source of the plastic residues found in soil. Mulching with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is widely practiced and the resulting macro- and microscopic plastic residues in agricultural soil have aroused concerns for years. Over the past decades, a variety of biodegradable (Bio) plastics have been developed in the hope of reducing plastic contamination of the terrestrial ecosystem. However, the impact of these Bio plastics in agroecosystems have not been sufficiently studied. Therefore, we investigated the impact of macro (around 5 mm) and micro (<1 mm) sized plastic debris from LDPE and one type of starch-based Bio mulch film on soil physicochemical and hydrological properties. We used environmentally relevant concentrations of plastics, ranging from 0 to 2% (w/w), identified by field studies and literature review. We studied the effects of the plastic residue on a sandy soil for one month in a laboratory experiment. The bulk density, porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, field capacity and soil water repellency were altered significantly in the presence of the four kinds of plastic debris, while pH, electrical conductivity and aggregate stability were not substantially affected. Overall, our research provides clear experimental evidence that microplastics affect soil properties. The type, size and content of plastic debris as well as the interactions between these three factors played complex roles in the variations of the measured soil parameters. Living in a plastic era, it is crucial to conduct further interdisciplinary studies in order to have a comprehensive understanding of plastic debris in soil and agroecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueling Qi
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700, AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6700 AB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Nicolas Beriot
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700, AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Gestión, Aprovechamiento y Recuperación de Suelos y Aguas, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Spain
| | - Gerrit Gort
- Biometris, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Esperanza Huerta Lwanga
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700, AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Agroecología, El Colegio de La Frontera Sur, Unidad Campeche, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Harm Gooren
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700, AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700, AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, China
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700, AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Beriot N, Zomer P, Zornoza R, Geissen V. A laboratory comparison of the interactions between three plastic mulch types and 38 active substances found in pesticides. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9876. [PMID: 33005488 PMCID: PMC7513747 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In semi-arid regions, the use of plastic mulch and pesticides in conventional agriculture is nearly ubiquitous. Although the sorption of pesticides on Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) has been previously studied, no data are available for other plastics such as Pro-oxidant Additive Containing (PAC) plastics or "biodegradable" (Bio) plastics. The aim of this research was to measure the sorption pattern of active substances from pesticides on LDPE, PAC and Bio plastic mulches and to compare the decay of the active substances in the presence and absence of plastic debris. Methods For this purpose, 38 active substances from 17 insecticides, 15 fungicides and six herbicides commonly applied with plastic mulching in South-east Spain were incubated with a 3 × 3 cm2 piece of plastic mulch (LDPE, PAC and Bio). The incubation was done in a solution of 10% acetonitrile and 90% distilled water at 35 °C for 15 days in the dark. The Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged Safe approach was adapted to extract the pesticides. Results The sorption behavior depended on both the pesticide and the plastic mulch type. On average, the sorption percentage was ~23% on LDPE and PAC and ~50% on Bio. The decay of active substances in the presence of plastic was ~30% lesser than the decay of active substances in solution alone. This study is the first attempt at assessing the behavior of a diversity of plastic mulches and pesticides to further define research needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Beriot
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Sustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | - Paul Zomer
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Raul Zornoza
- Sustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bhandari G, Atreya K, Scheepers PTJ, Geissen V. Concentration and distribution of pesticide residues in soil: Non-dietary human health risk assessment. Chemosphere 2020; 253:126594. [PMID: 32289601 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination by pesticide residues is a primary concern because of the high soil persistence of pesticides and their toxicity to humans. We investigated pesticide concentration and distribution at 3 soil depths in 147 soil samples from agricultural land and assessed potential health risks due to non-dietary human exposure to pesticides in Nepal. About sixty percent of the soil samples had pesticides (25% of the soil samples had single residue, 35% of the soil samples had mixtures of 2 or more residues) in 39 different pesticide combinations. Pesticide residues were found more frequently in topsoil. Overall, the concentration of pesticides ranged from 1.0 μg kg-1 to 251 μg kg-1, with a mean of 16 μg kg-1. The concentration of the primary group, organophosphates (OPs), ranged from 1.23 μg kg-1 to 239 μg kg-1, with a mean of 23 μg kg-1. Chlorpyrifos and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) were the predominant contaminants in soils. The ionic ratio of DDT and its degradation products suggested a continuing use of DDT in the area. Human health risk assessment of the observed pesticides in soil suggested negligible cancer risks and negligible non-cancer risks based on ingestion as the primary route of exposure. The predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) of pesticides were higher than the values found in the guidance for soil contamination used internationally. Low concentrations of residues in the soils from agricultural farms practicing integrated pest management (IPM) suggest that this farming system could reduce soil pollution in Nepal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Bhandari
- Soil Physics and Land Management (SLM), Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands; Progressive Sustainable Developers Nepal (PSD-Nepal), P.O. Box 23883, Kathmandu 31, Nepal.
| | - Kishor Atreya
- PHASE Nepal, P.O. Box 12888, Suryabinayak 4, Dadhikot, Bhaktapur, Nepal
| | - Paul T J Scheepers
- Radboudumc, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management (SLM), Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
van den Berg P, Huerta-Lwanga E, Corradini F, Geissen V. Sewage sludge application as a vehicle for microplastics in eastern Spanish agricultural soils. Environ Pollut 2020; 261:114198. [PMID: 32097788 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution is becoming a major challenge with the growing use of plastic. In recent years, research about microplastic pollution in the environment has become a field of study with increased interest, with ever expanding findings on sources, sinks and pathways of microplastics. Wastewater treatment plants effectively remove microplastics from wastewater and concentrate them in sewage sludge which is often used to fertilise agricultural fields. Despite this, quantification of microplastic pollution in agricultural fields through the application of sewage sludge is largely unknown. In light of this issue, four wastewater treatment plants and 16 agricultural fields (0-8 sewage sludge applications of 20-22 tons ha-1 per application), located in the east of Spain, were sampled. Microplastics were extracted using a floatation and filtration method, making a distinction between light density microplastics (ρ < 1 g cm-3) and heavy density microplastics (ρ > 1 g cm-3). Sewage sludge, on average, had a light density plastic load of 18,000 ± 15,940 microplastics kg-1 and a heavy density plastic load of 32,070 ± 19,080 microplastics kg-1. Soils without addition of sewage sludge had an average light density plastic load of 930 ± 740 microplastics kg-1 and a heavy density plastic load of 1100 ± 570 microplastics kg-1. Soils with addition of sewage sludge had an average light density plastic load of 2130 ± 950 microplastics kg-1 and a heavy density plastic load of 3060 ± 1680 microplastics kg-1. On average, soils' plastic loads increased by 280 light density microplastics kg-1 and 430 heavy density microplastics kg-1 with each successive application of sewage sludge, indicating that sewage sludge application results in accumulation of microplastics in agricultural soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pim van den Berg
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Esperanza Huerta-Lwanga
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Agroecología, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Campeche, Av Polígono s/n, Cd. Industrial, Lerma, Campeche, Mexico.
| | - Fabio Corradini
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA La Platina, Casilla 439, Correo 3, Santiago, Chile
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Qi Y, Ossowicki A, Yang X, Huerta Lwanga E, Dini-Andreote F, Geissen V, Garbeva P. Effects of plastic mulch film residues on wheat rhizosphere and soil properties. J Hazard Mater 2020; 387:121711. [PMID: 31806445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plastic residues could accumulate in soils as a consequence of using plastic mulching, which results in a serious environmental concern for agroecosystems. As an alternative, biodegradable plastic films stand as promising products to minimize plastic debris accumulation and reduce soil pollution. However, the effects of residues from traditional and biodegradable plastic films on the soil-plant system are not well studied. In this study, we used a controlled pot experiment to investigate the effects of macro- and micro- sized residues of low-density polyethylene and biodegradable plastic mulch films on the rhizosphere bacterial communities, rhizosphere volatile profiles and soil chemical properties. Interestingly, we identified significant effects of biodegradable plastic residues on the rhizosphere bacterial communities and on the blend of volatiles emitted in the rhizosphere. For example, in treatments with biodegradable plastics, bacteria genera like Bacillus and Variovorax were present in higher relative abundances and volatile compounds like dodecanal were exclusively produced in treatment with biodegradable microplastics. Furthermore, significant differences in soil pH, electrical conductivity and C:N ratio were observed across treatments. Our study provides evidence for both biotic and abiotic impacts of plastic residues on the soil-plant system, suggesting the urgent need for more research examining their environmental impacts on agroecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueling Qi
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6700 AB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Adam Ossowicki
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6700 AB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, China
| | - Esperanza Huerta Lwanga
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Agroecología, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Campeche, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Francisco Dini-Andreote
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6700 AB Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Paolina Garbeva
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6700 AB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Corradini F, Meza P, Eguiluz R, Casado F, Huerta-Lwanga E, Geissen V. Evidence of microplastic accumulation in agricultural soils from sewage sludge disposal. Sci Total Environ 2019; 671:411-420. [PMID: 30933797 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are emerging as a steadily increasing environmental threat. Wastewater treatment plants efficiently remove microplastics from sewage, trapping the particles in the sludge and preventing their entrance into aquatic environments. Treatment plants are essentially taking the microplastics out of the waste water and concentrating them in the sludge, however. It has become common practice to use this sludge on agricultural soils as a fertilizer. The aim of the current research was to evaluate the microplastic contamination of soils by this practice, assessing the implications of successive sludge applications by looking at the total count of microplastic particles in soil samples. Thirty-one agricultural fields with different sludge application records and similar edaphoclimatic conditions were evaluated. Field records of sludge application covered a ten year period. For all fields, historical disposal events used the same amount of sludge (40 ton ha-1 dry weight). Extraction of microplastics was done by flotation and particles were then counted and classified with the help of a microscope. Seven sludge samples were collected in the fields that underwent sludge applications during the study period. Soils where 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 applications of sludge had been performed had a median of 1.1, 1.6, 1.7, 2.3, and 3.5 particles g-1 dry soil, respectively. There were statistical differences in the microplastic contents related to the number of applications that a field had undergone (1, 2, 3 < 4, 5). Microplastic content in sludge ranged from 18 to 41 particles g-1, with a median of 34 particles g-1. The majority of the observed microplastics were fibers (90% in sludge, and 97% in soil). Our results indicate that microplastic counts increase over time where successive sludge applications are performed. Microplastics observed in soil samples stress the relevance of sludge as a driver of soil microplastic contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Corradini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA La Platina, Casilla 439, Correo 3, Santiago, Chile; Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Pablo Meza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA La Platina, Casilla 439, Correo 3, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raúl Eguiluz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA La Platina, Casilla 439, Correo 3, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Casado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA La Platina, Casilla 439, Correo 3, Santiago, Chile
| | - Esperanza Huerta-Lwanga
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands; Agroecología, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Campeche, Av Polígono s/n, Cd. Industrial, Lerma, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Rezaei M, Riksen MJPM, Sirjani E, Sameni A, Geissen V. Wind erosion as a driver for transport of light density microplastics. Sci Total Environ 2019; 669:273-281. [PMID: 30878934 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution in the environment is a growing concern in today's world. Wind-eroded sediment, as an environmental transport pathway of microplastics, can result in environmental and human exposure far beyond its sources. For the first time, this study investigates the presence of microplastics in wind-eroded sediments from different land uses in the Fars Province, Iran. Eleven test plots were selected based on land use and wind erosion risk. On each plot, wind erosion was simulated using a portable wind tunnel and the eroded sediment was collected for further analysis aimed at measuring light density microplastics (LDMP). The LDMPs were extracted in both soil and wind-eroded sediment using a floatation method and then further examined using microscopy. Annual LDMP transport by wind erosion was estimated using wind data from the study areas. LDMPs were detected in six study areas in the Fars Province which are highly prone to wind erosion. Although LDMPs were found mostly in agricultural land, it was also detected in the soils and sediments from two natural areas. The total concentrations of LDMPs in polluted areas were 6.91 and 20.27 mg kg-1 of microplastics in soil and wind-eroded sediments, respectively. The enrichment ratio for LDMP ranged from 2.83 to 7.63 in different areas. The erosion rate of LDMP ranged from 0.08 to 1.48 mg m-2 min-1. The results of this study confirmed the key role of wind erosion in the spread of microplastics in terrestrial environments which could form an exposure risk to humans via direct inhalation of the particles transported with the dust.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahrooz Rezaei
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran; Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Michel J P M Riksen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Elham Sirjani
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdolmajid Sameni
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|