1
|
Stefanello R, Puntel RT, da Silva Garcia WJ, Strazzabosco Dorneles L. Mitigating salt stress by conditioning seeds with ultraviolet light (UV-C) in white oats ( Avena sativa L.). JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2024; 87:533-540. [PMID: 38660981 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2345878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Seed conditioning with ultraviolet light (UV-C) might (1) improve crop yield and quality, (2) reduce the use of agrochemicals during cultivation, and (3) increase plant survival in high salinity environments. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of UV-C conditioning of white oat seeds at two doses (0.85 and 3.42 kJ m-2) under salinity stress (100 mM NaCl). Seeds were sown on germination paper and kept in a germination chamber at 20°C. Germination and seedling growth parameters were evaluated after 5 and 10 days. Data demonstrated that excess salt reduced germination and initial growth of white oat seedlings. In all the variables analyzed, exposure of seeds to UV-C under salt stress exerted a positive effect compared to non-irradiated control. The attenuating influence of UV-C in germination was greater at 0.85 than at 3.42 kJ m-2. Thus, data indicate that conditioning white oat seeds in UV-C light produced greater tolerance to salt stress. These findings suggest that UV-C conditioning of white oat seeds may be considered as a simple and economical strategy to alleviate salt-induced stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Stefanello
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Raissa Tainá Puntel
- Graduate of Agronomy, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Lucio Strazzabosco Dorneles
- Laboratory of Nanostructured Magnetic Materials, Department of Physics, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bielik N, Correia D, Rodrigues Crespo K, Goujon-Ginglinger C, Mitova MI. Pitfalls in the Detection of Volatiles Associated with Heated Tobacco and e-Vapor Products When Using PTR-TOF-MS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:1261-1271. [PMID: 38780179 PMCID: PMC11157645 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the applicability of proton transfer reaction-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS) for quantitative analysis of mixtures comprising glycerin, acetol, glycidol, acetaldehyde, acetone, and propylene glycol. While PTR-TOF-MS offers real-time simultaneous determination, the method selectivity is limited when analyzing compounds with identical elemental compositions or when labile compounds present in the mixture produce fragments that generate overlapping ions with other matrix components. In this study, we observed significant fragmentation of glycerin, acetol, glycidol, and propylene glycol during protonation via hydronium ions (H3O+). Nevertheless, specific ions generated by glycerin (m/z 93.055) and propylene glycol (m/z 77.060) enabled their selective detection. To thoroughly investigate the selectivity of the method, various mixtures containing both isotope-labeled and unlabeled compounds were utilized. The experimental findings demonstrated that when samples contained high levels of glycerin, it was not feasible to perform time-resolved analysis in H3O+ mode for acetaldehyde, acetol, and glycidol. To overcome the observed selectivity limitations associated with the H3O+ reagent ions, alternative ionization modes were investigated. The ammonium ion mode proved appropriate for analyzing propylene glycol (m/z 94.086) and acetone (m/z 76.076) mixtures. Concerning the nitric oxide mode, specific m/z were identified for acetaldehyde (m/z 43.018), acetone (m/z 88.039), glycidol (m/z 73.028), and propylene glycol (m/z 75.044). It was concluded that considering the presence of multiple product ions and the potential influence of other compounds, it is crucial to conduct a thorough selectivity assessment when employing PTR-TOF-MS as the sole method for analyzing compounds in complex matrices of unknown composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noel Bielik
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Correia
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Maya I. Mitova
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xiao M, Tan M, Peng C, Jiang F, Wu K, Liu N, Li D, Yao X. Soft and flexible polyvinyl alcohol/pullulan aerogels with fast and high water absorption capacity for facial mask substrates. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130469. [PMID: 38458007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Facial mask substrates commonly used in skincare are often considered unhealthy and environmentally unfriendly due to their composition of premoistened nonwovens containing various preservatives. This study aims to address this issue by developing a preservative-free degradable aerogel made from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/pullulan (PUL) using a unidirectional freeze-drying method. The aerogels had ordered three-dimensional porous structures and exhibited desirable mechanical properties. They were soft and flexible in both dry and wet states, and their Young's moduli were comparable to that of human skin. The aerogels had high porosity, ranging from 93.0 % to 95.1 %, and exhibited a high water absorption rate and water absorption capacity (ranging from 7.5 g/g to 10.1 g/g). After 30 min of water evaporation, the aerogels showed excellent moisture retention, ranging from 88 % to 93 %. Additionally, the PVA/PUL aerogel efficiently loaded and released active ingredients, such as rapidly releasing ascorbic acid (> 90 % within 30 min). These findings suggest that the PVA/PUL aerogel has potential as a material for facial mask substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Xiao
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Centre at HUT, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Bioengineering and Food Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Mo Tan
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Centre at HUT, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Bioengineering and Food Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Chun Peng
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Centre at HUT, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Bioengineering and Food Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Fatang Jiang
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Centre at HUT, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Bioengineering and Food Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Kao Wu
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Centre at HUT, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Bioengineering and Food Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xiaolin Yao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Muhamed SA, Moussa EM, Aboasy NK, Gaweesh YY. Effect of 1% malic acid spray on diabetes mellitus-induced xerostomia: A randomized clinical trial. Oral Dis 2024; 30:631-638. [PMID: 35913424 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of topical sialogogue spray containing 1% malic acid in the treatment of xerostomia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. MATERIAL AND METHODS A randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial was conducted on 52 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus suffering from xerostomia. Patients were assigned equally to test group who received a topical sialogogue spray containing 1% malic acid and control group who received a placebo spray. Both groups were instructed to use the spray on demand for 2 weeks. The Summated Xerostomia Inventory-Dutch Version questionnaire (SXI-D) and the unstimulated salivary flow rate were evaluated for all patients at baseline, 2 and 4 weeks after malic acid/placebo application. RESULTS At 2 week's follow-up, the unstimulated salivary flow rate increased significantly from 0.059 ± 0.024 to 0.191 ± 0.064 and from 0.055 ± 0.026 to 0.078 ± 0.032 for test and control groups, respectively, with a statistically significant difference favoring the test group. SXI-D scores showed a significant decrease from 10.73 ± 2.22 to 8.38 ± 2.28 in the test group (p < 0.05), while in the control group it decreased from 10.62 ± 1.75 to 10.23 ± 1.48 (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION A sialogogue spray containing 1% malic acid increased the unstimulated salivary flow rate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus suffering from xerostomia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa A Muhamed
- Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis, and Oral Radiology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eglal M Moussa
- Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis, and Oral Radiology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Noha K Aboasy
- Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Yasmin Y Gaweesh
- Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis, and Oral Radiology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Folle C, Marqués AM, Díaz-Garrido N, Carvajal-Vidal P, Sánchez López E, Suñer-Carbó J, Halbaut L, Mallandrich M, Espina M, Badia J, Baldoma L, García ML, Calpena AC. Gel-Dispersed Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Loading Thymol Designed for Dermal Pathologies. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:1225-1248. [PMID: 38348173 PMCID: PMC10859765 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s433686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Acne vulgaris is one of the most prevalent dermal disorders affecting skin health and appearance. To date, there is no effective cure for this pathology, and the majority of marketed formulations eliminate both healthy and pathological microbiota. Therefore, hereby we propose the encapsulation of an antimicrobial natural compound (thymol) loaded into lipid nanostructured systems to be topically used against acne. Methods To address this issue, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) capable of encapsulating thymol, a natural compound used for the treatment of acne vulgaris, were developed either using ultrasonication probe or high-pressure homogenization and optimized using 22-star factorial design by analyzing the effect of NLC composition on their physicochemical parameters. These NLC were optimized using a design of experiments approach and were characterized using different physicochemical techniques. Moreover, short-term stability and cell viability using HaCat cells were assessed. Antimicrobial efficacy of the developed NLC was assessed in vitro and ex vivo. Results NLC encapsulating thymol were developed and optimized and demonstrated a prolonged thymol release. The formulation was dispersed in gels and a screening of several gels was carried out by studying their rheological properties and their skin retention abilities. From them, carbomer demonstrated the capacity to be highly retained in skin tissues, specifically in the epidermis and dermis layers. Moreover, antimicrobial assays against healthy and pathological skin pathogens demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of thymol-loaded NLC gelling systems since NLC are more efficient in slowly reducing C. acnes viability, but they possess lower antimicrobial activity against S. epidermidis, compared to free thymol. Conclusion Thymol was successfully loaded into NLC and dispersed in gelling systems, demonstrating that it is a suitable candidate for topical administration against acne vulgaris by eradicating pathogenic bacteria while preserving the healthy skin microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Folle
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana M Marqués
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Díaz-Garrido
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Research Institute Sant Joan De Déu (IR‑SJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paulina Carvajal-Vidal
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Sánchez López
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Suñer-Carbó
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lyda Halbaut
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Mallandrich
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Espina
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefa Badia
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Research Institute Sant Joan De Déu (IR‑SJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Baldoma
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Research Institute Sant Joan De Déu (IR‑SJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa García
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Cristina Calpena
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Miyasaka Y, Hashizaki K, Shibasaki K, Fujii M, Taguchi H. Rheological Properties and Composition Affecting the Skin Permeation of a Model of a Hydrophilic Drug in Lecithin Reverse Wormlike Micelles. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:245-252. [PMID: 38092382 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of the rheological properties and composition of lecithin reverse wormlike micelles (LRWs) on the skin permeation of a model of a hydrophilic drug to determine whether LRWs support uniform hydrophilic drug/oil-based formulations and good drug penetrate into skin. Here, we prepared LRWs with D (-)-ribose (RI) or glycerol (GL) as polar compounds, liquid paraffin (LP) or isopropyl myristate (IPM) as oils, and 6-carboxyfluorescein (CF) as a model for a hydrophilic drug, and evaluated the rheological properties and skin penetration characteristics of the preparations. The LRWs showed moderate viscosity at 25 °C, a typical storage temperature, but decreasing viscosity at 32 °C, the surface temperature of human skin, suggesting that the LRWs would penetrate the microstructure of skin (e.g., wrinkles and hair follicles). The highest skin permeability of CF was observed when IPM was used as the oil, suggesting that both the stratum corneum and hair follicle routes are involved in drug permeation. The penetration of CF into hair follicles is influenced not only by the rheology of the formulation but also by the interaction between IPM and sebum in the hair follicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Miyasaka
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University
- Frontier Research Center, POLA Chemical Industries, Inc
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Du XN, He Y, Chen YW, Liu Q, Sun L, Sun HM, Wu XF, Lu Y. Decoding Cosmetic Complexities: A Comprehensive Guide to Matrix Composition and Pretreatment Technology. Molecules 2024; 29:411. [PMID: 38257324 PMCID: PMC10818968 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite advancements in analytical technologies, the complex nature of cosmetic matrices, coupled with the presence of diverse and trace unauthorized additives, hinders the application of these technologies in cosmetics analysis. This not only impedes effective regulation of cosmetics but also leads to the continual infiltration of illegal products into the market, posing serious health risks to consumers. The establishment of cosmetic regulations is often based on extensive scientific experiments, resulting in a certain degree of latency. Therefore, timely advancement in laboratory research is crucial to ensure the timely update and adaptability of regulations. A comprehensive understanding of the composition of cosmetic matrices and their pretreatment technologies is vital for enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of cosmetic detection. Drawing upon the China National Medical Products Administration's 2021 Cosmetic Classification Rules and Classification Catalogue, we streamline the wide array of cosmetics into four principal categories based on the following compositions: emulsified, liquid, powdered, and wax-based cosmetics. In this review, the characteristics, compositional elements, and physicochemical properties inherent to each category, as well as an extensive overview of the evolution of pretreatment methods for different categories, will be explored. Our objective is to provide a clear and comprehensive guide, equipping researchers with profound insights into the core compositions and pretreatment methods of cosmetics, which will in turn advance cosmetic analysis and improve detection and regulatory approaches in the industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xian-Fu Wu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China; (X.-N.D.); (Y.H.); (Y.-W.C.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (H.-M.S.)
| | - Yong Lu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China; (X.-N.D.); (Y.H.); (Y.-W.C.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (H.-M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Graziottin A. Maintaining vulvar, vaginal and perineal health: Clinical considerations. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 20:17455057231223716. [PMID: 38396383 PMCID: PMC10894559 DOI: 10.1177/17455057231223716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Knowledge of female genital anatomy and physiology is often inadequate or incorrect among women. Precise patient-physician conversations can be inhibited by a reluctance or inability to speak accurately about the vulva and vagina, with the terms often being used interchangeably. There is a paucity of scientific evidence and clinical guidelines to support women and physicians in ensuring best practices in feminine hygiene. In this review, the unmet needs in the field are highlighted. Evidence is provided for the complex array of physiological and pathological systems, mechanisms and behaviours that either protect or, if inappropriate, predispose the vulva and vagina to infections, irritation or other conditions. The need for attention to perineal health is recommended, given the interdependence of perineal and vulvar microbiota and the risk of colonic pathogens reaching the vulva and the vagina. Differences in feminine hygiene practices can vary widely across the world and among varying age groups, and suboptimal habits (such as vaginal douching or the use of certain cleansers) can be associated with increased risks of vulvar and vaginal conditions. Critical areas for discussion when advising women on their intimate health include: advice surrounding aesthetic vulvar cosmetic trends (such as depilation and genital cosmetic surgery), bowel health and habits, and protection against sexually transmitted infections. Routine, once-daily (maximum twice-daily) washing of the vulva with a pH-balanced, mild cleanser is optimal, ideally soon after bowel voiding, when feasible. Due to the finely balanced ecosystems of the vulva, the vagina and the perineal area, a scientific and clinical perspective is essential when determining the most appropriate vulvar cleansers based on their components. Correct intimate care may contribute to improved genital and sexual health and overall well-being. An increased awareness of correct practices will empower women to be the advocates of their own intimate health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Graziottin
- Centre of Gynaecology and Medical Sexology, San Raffaele Resnati Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Specialty School, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Specialty School of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- Alessandra Graziottin Foundation for the Cure and Care of Pain in Women, NPO, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Maneewattanapinyo P, Monton C, Pichayakorn W, Suksaeree J. Plant leaf mucilage/carrageenan/Eudragit® NE30D blended films: Optimization, characterization, and pharmaceutical application. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127916. [PMID: 37944740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Mucilage of C. pareira leaves was utilized, being manufactured for use in pharmaceutical products. Carrageenan and Eudragit® NE30D were used to combined. Glycerin was used as a plasticizer at a concentration of 20 % w/w based on the amount of polymer used. Computer software optimized its characteristics, including tensile properties, moisture uptake, and erosion; the optimal formulation was 1.4:1.2:2.8. The percentages of optimization error ranged from 8.48 to 13.80 %. Propranolol HCl was mixed to an optimal formulation. The film layer was tight, homogeneous, and smooth, with no holes. DSC thermogram showed no interaction peaks at 101.33 °C and 170.50 °C. Propranolol HCl concentration in the film ranged from 2.18 to 2.20 mg/cm2. Propranolol HCl was quickly released from the film. The kinetic model for the release profile was first-order kinetic. Although propranolol HCl had a high-release profile, its skin permeation was limited. The permeation lag time, Jss, and Kp were 1.60-2.65 h, 0.0182-0.0338 μg/cm2/h, and 9.10-15.35 cm/h, respectively. A significant amount of propranolol HCl residue was found on the skin's surface. Glycerin appeared to influence propranolol HCl permeability. Therefore, the plant leaf mucilage/carrageenan/Eudragit® NE30D blended film can be utilized in pharmaceutical applications to control drug release from its film layer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pattwat Maneewattanapinyo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Muang, Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand
| | - Chaowalit Monton
- Drug and Herbal Product Research and Development Center, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Muang, Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand
| | - Wiwat Pichayakorn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Jirapornchai Suksaeree
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Muang, Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mohammed L, Marquez-Curtis LA, Elliott JAW. Cryopreservation of human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells with glycerol. Cryobiology 2023; 113:104551. [PMID: 37328025 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.104551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The cryopreservation of human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC) has facilitated their commercial availability for research studying the blood-brain barrier. The currently employed cryopreservation protocol uses 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) in cell medium, or 5% Me2SO in 95% fetal bovine serum (FBS) as cryoprotective agents (CPAs). However, Me2SO is toxic to cells and FBS is animal-derived and not chemically defined, so reducing the concentrations of these components is desirable. Recently, we showed that cryopreserving hCMEC in cell medium with 5% Me2SO and 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) results in over 90% post-thaw cell viability. This previous work was performed using an interrupted slow cooling (graded freezing) approach followed by SYTO13/GelRed staining to assay for membrane integrity. In this paper, we repeated graded freezing of hCMEC in cell medium containing 5% Me2SO and 6% HES, but this time using Calcein AM/propidium iodide staining to ensure that the stain is an equivalent alternative to SYTO13/GelRed for assessment of cell viability, and that results are comparable to those previously published. Next, using graded freezing experiments and Calcein AM/propidium iodide staining, we examined the effectiveness of non-toxic glycerol as a CPA at different concentrations, loading times, and cooling rates. The cryobiological response of hCMEC was used to develop a protocol that optimizes both the permeating and non-permeating capabilities of glycerol. HCMEC in cell medium loaded with 10% glycerol for 1 h at room temperature, ice nucleated at -5 °C and held for 3 min, and then cooled at -1 °C/min to -30 °C before plunging into liquid nitrogen had post-thaw viability of 87.7% ± 1.8%. Matrigel tube formation assay and immunocytochemical staining of junction protein ZO-1 were carried out on post-thaw hCMEC to ensure that the cryopreserved cells were viable and functional, in addition to being membrane-intact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lanah Mohammed
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Leah A Marquez-Curtis
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Janet A W Elliott
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Idaguko CA, Orabueze I. Trace element levels and bio-active compounds in ethanolic leaf extract of Chrysophyllum albidum characterised using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 80:127311. [PMID: 37806006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVES Chrysophyllum albidum, also known as Africa star apple, has so many ethnobotanical uses in African healing system. Thus, a study that reveals possible trace elements and its phytochemical profile will give an essential insight to the bioactivity profile of the plant. The study was to identify the trace elements and the bioactive compounds present in Chrysophyllum albidum (C. albidum) leaf extract MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ethanol leaf extract of Chrysophyllum albidum was evaluated for trace elements using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (ASS) while the chemical composition was analysed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The identification of phytoconstituents using GC/MS was based on the instrument library, peak area and retention time. RESULT The ethanol leaf extract of C. albidum showed a high content of potassium, calcium, magnesium and sodium, while relative low content of manganese, iron, copper, zinc, lead and nickel. Total of 30 peaks representing 30 identified compounds were recorded in the GC/MS analysis. These include a variety of heterocyclic compounds such as fatty acids, organic compounds, esters, and disaccharides etc. The major constituents of the extract were: Sucrose (37.45%), followed by 1,2,3-Propanetriol,1-acetate (7.86%), di-Glyceraldehyde dimer (5.70%), 1-(3-Benzyl-2-thioureido)-1-deoxy-beta-d glucopyranose 2,3,4,6-tetraacetate (4.53%), 4 H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3, 5-dihydroxy-6-methyl- (4.49%), 3-Deoxy-d-Mannoic lactone (3.14%), Glycerine (3.04%) and minor compounds that are less than 3%. CONCLUSION The elemental composition of the leaf extract of C. albidum may be influenced by the environmental factors such as soil composition surrounding the plant's roots, while a variety of bioactive compounds with diverse biological activities were present. Hence, the plant have a potential pharmacological activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chika Anna Idaguko
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Edo State University Uzairue, Edo State, Nigeria.
| | - Ifeoma Orabueze
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kim YH, Kim SH. Development and validation of a method for preparing heated tobacco product aerosol condensate (HTPAC) for large-scale toxicity data acquisition. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 267:115621. [PMID: 37879201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
A method of preparing heated tobacco product aerosol condensate (HTPAC) was developed to expedite HTP toxicity evaluation, and the effectiveness was assessed. To prepare HTPAC, HTP aerosol was generated and collected using a Cambridge filter (particulate phase) and Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (DPBS; gaseous phase). The aerosol collected on the Cambridge filter was extracted using methanol, which was thereafter removed by nitrogen purging. The HTP aerosol residue was mixed with DPBS loaded with the collected HTP vapor, ultimately yielding HTPAC. Nicotine and formaldehyde, key harmful compounds in HTP aerosol, were detected in HTPAC (901 ± 224 and 22.2 ± 3.90 µg stick-1, respectively, comparable to those in HTP aerosol (990-1350 (nicotine) and 2.33-21.9 µg stick-1 (formaldehyde)). Propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin, which influence the amount of HTP aerosol, were detected at similar levels in HTPAC and HTP aerosol (propylene glycol = 616 ± 57.1 (HTPAC) and 320-630 µg stick-1 (aerosol) and vegetable glycerin = 2418 ± 224 (HTPAC) and 1667-4000 µg stick-1 (aerosol)). Known components of HTP aerosol (hydroxyacetone, acetic acid, triacetin, and 2-furanmethanol) were also detected in HTPAC. Consequently, HTPAC offers an effective method for concentrating harmful compounds found in HTP aerosols. This, in turn, facilitates comprehensive toxicity assessments, paving the way for guidelines ensuring the safe utilization of HTP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Environment & Energy, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea; School of Civil, Environmental, Resources and Energy Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea; Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Hwan Kim
- Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Curtis C, Qian F, Bowers RD. CPP-ACP paste's effect on salivary conditions in patients with removable dentures. J Prosthodont 2023. [PMID: 37964664 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Older adults with removable dentures experience high rates of both caries (when the natural dentition remains) and salivary gland dysfunction. While many commercial dental therapeutic agents target these two interrelated problems, none have been labeled for use on the fitting surface of removable dentures. Off-label use of MI Paste (GC America, Alsip, IL), a dental therapeutic containing casein-phosphopeptide-amorphous-calcium-phosphate (CPP-ACP), was investigated following its application to the fitting surface of complete denture(s) with subsequent effects on salivary conditions measured. MATERIALS AND METHODS Salivary flow rate and pH were recorded at baseline and 15 min following the application of 1 mL of CPP-ACP paste to the fitting surface of each participant's denture through whole saliva collection. To assess buffering capacity, equivalent volumes of 0.01 M lactic acid were added to the collected saliva samples, and pH reduction was measured. Comparisons of salivary parameters between baseline and post-CPP-ACP paste application and between subjects with and without self-reported xerostomia were conducted using a paired-sample t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, or two-sample t-test as appropriate. RESULTS Of the 28 participants (mean age = 70.3 ± 13.7 years, 17 males), 11 reported xerostomia. CPP-ACP-paste application was associated with decreased pH reduction during acid challenge compared to baseline (0.95 ± 0.24 vs. 1.54 ± 0.53, p < 0.001), and a higher final pH following acid challenge (5.93 ± 0.34 vs. 5.40 ± 0.66, p < 0.001). While the flow rates observed at post-CPP-ACP paste application were greater than those at baseline, the difference was not statistically significant (0.67 ± 0.44 mL/min vs. 0.55 ± 0.34 mL/min, p = 0.053). No significant differences were found in any salivary parameters between participants with or without self-reports of xerostomia. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight potential positive effects on salivary conditions following the application of the CPP-ACP-containing product, MI Paste, to the fitting surface of a removable complete denture as a potential caries-risk-management tool when natural dentition remains. Determining the caries-preventive clinical significance will require longer-term trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colton Curtis
- University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Fang Qian
- Division of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Robert D Bowers
- Department of Family Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
De Decker I, Klotz T, Vu P, Hoeksema H, De Mey K, Beeckman A, Vermeulen B, Speeckaert M, Blondeel P, Wagstaff M, Monstrey S, Claes KEY. Influence of Moisturizers on Skin Microcirculation: An Assessment Study Using Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1507. [PMID: 37888118 PMCID: PMC10608544 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13101507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive scar management typically involves pressure therapy, hydration with silicones or moisturizers, and UV protection. Moisture loss from scars can lead to hypertrophic scar formation. Pressure therapy reduces blood flow, fibroblast activity, and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) release. This study examined various moisturizers and liquid silicone gel's impact on microcirculation. 40 volunteers participated in a study where superficial abrasions were created to induce trans epidermal water loss (TEWL). Five moisturizers (TEDRA®, TEDRA® NT1, TEDRA® NT3, Alhydran®, Lipikar®) and BAP Scar Care® silicone gel were tested. TEWL, hydration, and blood flow were measured up to 4 h post-application. Results showed that silicone had the least impact on occlusion and hydration. Alhydran® reduced blood flow the most, while Lipikar® increased it the most. TEDRA® NT1 had reduced flow compared to TEDRA® and TEDRA® NT3. All TEDRA® products exhibited high hydration, and all but silicone showed good occlusion. Moisturizers influenced skin microcirculation, with some causing decrease, while others increased flow. However, the clinical impact on scarring remains unclear compared to the evident effects of hydration and occlusion. More research is necessary to study moisturizers alone and with pressure therapy on scars, along with potential adverse effects of increased microcirculation on scars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignace De Decker
- Burn Center, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (H.H.); (K.D.M.); (P.B.); (S.M.); (K.E.Y.C.)
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tanja Klotz
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (T.K.); (M.W.)
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Port Rd., Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Peter Vu
- SA Pharmacy, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Henk Hoeksema
- Burn Center, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (H.H.); (K.D.M.); (P.B.); (S.M.); (K.E.Y.C.)
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kimberly De Mey
- Burn Center, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (H.H.); (K.D.M.); (P.B.); (S.M.); (K.E.Y.C.)
| | - Anse Beeckman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sint-Pietersnieuwsstraat 33, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Bob Vermeulen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Synaps Park 1, 3600 Genk, Belgium
| | - Marijn Speeckaert
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Phillip Blondeel
- Burn Center, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (H.H.); (K.D.M.); (P.B.); (S.M.); (K.E.Y.C.)
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marcus Wagstaff
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (T.K.); (M.W.)
- Adult Burns Service and Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Port Rd., Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Stan Monstrey
- Burn Center, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (H.H.); (K.D.M.); (P.B.); (S.M.); (K.E.Y.C.)
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karel E. Y. Claes
- Burn Center, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (H.H.); (K.D.M.); (P.B.); (S.M.); (K.E.Y.C.)
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
López-Chicón P, Pérez ML, Castells-Sala C, Piteira AR, Fariñas O, Tabera J, Vilarrodona A. Quality by Design: Development of Safe and Efficacious Full-Thickness Acellular Dermal Matrix Based on EuroGTPII Methodologies. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2023; 19:567-578. [PMID: 37425344 PMCID: PMC10325720 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s410574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The activities of tissue establishments are constantly and rapidly evolving. The development of a new type of allograft, full-thickness acellular dermal matrix, with high mechanical properties to be used in tendon repair surgeries and abdominal wall reconstruction, has determined the need for quality by design process in order to assess evidence of quality, safety and efficacy. The EuroGTPII methodologies were specifically tailored to perform the risk assessment, identify and suggest tests in order to mitigate the potential risk consequences of a novel tissue preparation implementation. Methods The new allograft and associated preparation processes were assessed using the EuroGTP methodologies and characterized to properly evaluate the novelty (Step 1), identify and quantify the potential risks and risk consequences (Step 2), and define the extent of pre-clinical and clinical assessments required to mitigate the risks identified in the assessment (Step 3). Results Four risk consequences associated with the preparation process were identified: (i) implant failure related with tissue procurement and the reagents used during the decellularization protocol; (ii) unwanted immunogenicity related with the processing; (iii) disease transmission linked with the processing, reagents used, reduction in the reliability of microbiology testing and the storage conditions; and (iv) toxicity related to the reagents used and handling of the tissue during clinical application. The outcome of the risk assessment was a low level of risk. Nevertheless, it determined the need for a series of risk mitigation strategies proposed to reduce each individual risk and to provide additional evidence of the safety and efficacy of full-thickness acellular dermal matrix grafts. Conclusion EuroGTPII methodologies allow us to identify the risks and ensure the correct definition of pre-clinical assessments required to address and mitigate the potential risk consequences, before proceeding with clinical use of the new allografts in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia López-Chicón
- Barcelona Tissue Bank (BTB), Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau; SGR1113), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa Pérez
- Barcelona Tissue Bank (BTB), Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain
- Vall Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Castells-Sala
- Barcelona Tissue Bank (BTB), Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau; SGR1113), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Rita Piteira
- Barcelona Tissue Bank (BTB), Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau; SGR1113), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Fariñas
- Barcelona Tissue Bank (BTB), Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau; SGR1113), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaime Tabera
- Barcelona Tissue Bank (BTB), Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau; SGR1113), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Vilarrodona
- Barcelona Tissue Bank (BTB), Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain
- Vall Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Castells-Sala C, Pérez ML, López-Chicón P, Lopez-Puerto L, Martinez JIR, Ruiz-Ponsell L, Sastre S, Madariaga SE, Aiti A, Fariñas O, Vilarrodona A. Development of a full-thickness acellular dermal graft from human skin: Case report of first patient rotator cuff patch augmentation repair. Transpl Immunol 2023; 78:101825. [PMID: 36934900 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2023.101825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The processing and initial testing of a new human tissue preparation is described. Full-thickness Acellular Dermal Matrix (ftADM) is the extracellular matrix (ECM) obtained by decellularization of full-thickness human skin from cadaveric donors. The safety, stability and usability of the graft are discussed with respect to the results of the residual cellular content, maintenance of ECM components, and biomechanical properties. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the ECM demonstrated the absence of cell debris, while the native structure of human dermis was maintained. Biomechanical testing showed stiffness values comparable to other commercial products used for tendon reinforcement, suggesting that our ftADM could be successfully used not only in soft tissue regeneration surgeries, but also in tendon reinforcement. First case of ftADM in rotator cuff augmentation is described. Technical management of the patch during surgery and clinical outcomes are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Castells-Sala
- Barcelona Tissue Bank, Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau; SGR1113), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M L Pérez
- Barcelona Tissue Bank, Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - P López-Chicón
- Barcelona Tissue Bank, Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau; SGR1113), Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Lopez-Puerto
- Barcelona Tissue Bank, Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J I Rodríguez Martinez
- Barcelona Tissue Bank, Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau; SGR1113), Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Ruiz-Ponsell
- Barcelona Tissue Bank, Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau; SGR1113), Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Sastre
- Arthroscopy Unit, Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S E Madariaga
- Arthroscopy Unit, Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Aiti
- Barcelona Tissue Bank, Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - O Fariñas
- Barcelona Tissue Bank, Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau; SGR1113), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Vilarrodona
- Barcelona Tissue Bank, Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau; SGR1113), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Baptista S, Pereira JR, Guerreiro BM, Baptista F, Silva JC, Freitas F. Cosmetic emulsion based on the fucose-rich polysaccharide FucoPol: Bioactive properties and sensorial evaluation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 225:113252. [PMID: 36931042 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the physicochemical characteristics, bioactive properties, and sensorial evaluation of a O/W cosmetic formulation containing FucoPol, a fucose-containing bacterial polysaccharide, were assessed. The stability of the FucoPol-based cream, named F-cream, was demonstrated over a period of 2 months at different temperatures (4, 20 and 30 °C), during which it maintained the organoleptic characteristics and pH (5.88-6.19), with minimal variations on the apparent viscosity. Furthermore, no breaking mechanisms occurred upon centrifuging the samples (accelerated stability test) kept at 4 °C and at 30 °C for 60 days. The F-cream presented a shear-thinning and solid-liquid behavior consistent with its envisaged use for topical applications, proving to be a suitable candidate for an anti-aging application due to its antioxidant capacity and effective photoprotection, maintaining cellular preservation. Moreover, the formulation was proven non-cytotoxic for HaCaT cells at concentrations between 0.78 and 12.5 mg/mL, promoting HFFF2 cell migration (46-70 % of wound closure) at a concentration of 2.5 mg/mL, and HaCaT cell migration at a concentration of 10 mg/mL (95-98 % of wound closure). Upon application over the skin, the F-cream provided a hydration and softness with desired spreadability with no residues after application. These findings show that FucoPol has good potential to be used as a functional and/or active ingredient in cosmetic formulations, forming an emulsified cream with appealing sensorial properties that can act as a moisturizer with photoprotection, antioxidant, and regeneration properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Baptista
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal; 73100, Lda. Edifício Arcis, Rua Ivone Silva, 6, 4º piso, 1050-124 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João R Pereira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal; CENIMAT/I3N, Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Bruno M Guerreiro
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal; CENIMAT/I3N, Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Filipa Baptista
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jorge C Silva
- CENIMAT/I3N, Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Filomena Freitas
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Evaluation of oral care using MA-T gel for high-risk patients: a pilot study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:108. [PMID: 36805677 PMCID: PMC9936488 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02779-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral care with gel is a common method for preventing aspiration in high-risk patients. An oral care gel is used to clean and moisturize the oral cavity. However, the effects of gel care on the oral bacteria remain unclear. In this pilot study, we described a matching transformation system (MA-T) for elderly high-risk patients. MA-T is an on-demand aqueous chlorine dioxide solution that provides excellent safety and has various antimicrobial activities, even in the presence of abundant organic compounds. This study investigated the effects of MA-T gel in patients requiring nursing care. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients who were hospitalized for nursing care were included in this study. No drugs and foods were administered orally. Oral bacteria and intraoral humidity were examined by daily care using MA-T gel. Moreover, oral membranous substances were analyzed and material from the oral cavity was cultured on selective media for identifying opportunistic organisms. RESULTS Membranous substances were present in the oral cavities of all patients. The number of bacteria decreased, and oral moisture improved, after treatment with MA-T gel. Moreover, oral humidity was also controlled with the continued use of MA-T gel. MA-T gels should be used not only for professional care but also on a daily basis for better oral care. Furthermore, the results of bacterial cultures showed that MA-T controls the propagation of opportunistic bacterial infections. CONCLUSION Membranous substances may be observed in the oral cavity of individuals requiring nursing care for tube feeding. The results of this pilot study suggest that MA-T, a novel disinfectant, can be used for oral care in the elderly to reduce the risk of aspiration-pneumonia.
Collapse
|
19
|
Formulation of the Polysaccharide FucoPol into Novel Emulsified Creams with Improved Physicochemical Properties. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227759. [PMID: 36431860 PMCID: PMC9695255 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Driven by the customers' growing awareness of environmental issues, the production of topical formulations based on sustainable ingredients is receiving widespread attention from researchers and the industry. Although numerous sustainable ingredients (natural, organic, or green chemistry-derived compounds) have been investigated, there is a lack of comparative studies between conventional ingredients and sustainable alternatives. In this study, olive oil (30 wt.%) and α-tocopherol (2.5 wt.%) containing oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions stabilized with the bacterial fucose-rich polysaccharide FucoPol were formulated envisaging their validation as cosmetic creams. After formula composition design by Response Surface Methodology (RSM), the optimized FucoPol-based emulsion was prepared with 1.5 wt.% FucoPol, 1.5 wt.% cetyl alcohol, and 3.0 wt.% glycerin. The resulting emulsions had an apparent viscosity of 8.72 Pa.s (measured at a shear rate 2.3 s-1) and droplet size and zeta potential values of 6.12 µm and -97.9 mV, respectively, which are within the values reported for cosmetic emulsified formulations. The optimized formulation displayed the desired criterium of a thin emulsion system, possessing the physicochemical properties and the stability comparable to those of commercially available products used in cosmeceutical applications.
Collapse
|
20
|
Bucharskaya AB, Yanina IY, Atsigeida SV, Genin VD, Lazareva EN, Navolokin NA, Dyachenko PA, Tuchina DK, Tuchina ES, Genina EA, Kistenev YV, Tuchin VV. Optical clearing and testing of lung tissue using inhalation aerosols: prospects for monitoring the action of viral infections. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:1005-1022. [PMID: 36042751 PMCID: PMC9415257 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00991-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical clearing of the lung tissue aims to make it more transparent to light by minimizing light scattering, thus allowing reconstruction of the three-dimensional structure of the tissue with a much better resolution. This is of great importance for monitoring of viral infection impact on the alveolar structure of the tissue and oxygen transport. Optical clearing agents (OCAs) can provide not only lesser light scattering of tissue components but also may influence the molecular transport function of the alveolar membrane. Air-filled lungs present significant challenges for optical imaging including optical coherence tomography (OCT), confocal and two-photon microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy, because of the large refractive-index mismatch between alveoli walls and the enclosed air-filled region. During OCT imaging, the light is strongly backscattered at each air–tissue interface, such that image reconstruction is typically limited to a single alveolus. At the same time, the filling of these cavities with an OCA, to which water (physiological solution) can also be attributed since its refractive index is much higher than that of air will lead to much better tissue optical transmittance. This review presents general principles and advances in the field of tissue optical clearing (TOC) technology, OCA delivery mechanisms in lung tissue, studies of the impact of microbial and viral infections on tissue response, and antimicrobial and antiviral photodynamic therapies using methylene blue (MB) and indocyanine green (ICG) dyes as photosensitizers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alla B. Bucharskaya
- Centre of Collective Use, Saratov State Medical University n.a. V.I. Razumovsky, 112 B. Kazach’ya, Saratov, 410012 Russia
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St, Saratov, 410012 Russia
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin’s Av, Tomsk, 634050 Russia
| | - Irina Yu. Yanina
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St, Saratov, 410012 Russia
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin’s Av, Tomsk, 634050 Russia
| | - Sofia V. Atsigeida
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St, Saratov, 410012 Russia
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin’s Av, Tomsk, 634050 Russia
| | - Vadim D. Genin
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St, Saratov, 410012 Russia
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin’s Av, Tomsk, 634050 Russia
| | - Ekaterina N. Lazareva
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St, Saratov, 410012 Russia
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin’s Av, Tomsk, 634050 Russia
| | - Nikita A. Navolokin
- Centre of Collective Use, Saratov State Medical University n.a. V.I. Razumovsky, 112 B. Kazach’ya, Saratov, 410012 Russia
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St, Saratov, 410012 Russia
| | - Polina A. Dyachenko
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St, Saratov, 410012 Russia
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin’s Av, Tomsk, 634050 Russia
| | - Daria K. Tuchina
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St, Saratov, 410012 Russia
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin’s Av, Tomsk, 634050 Russia
| | - Elena S. Tuchina
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St, Saratov, 410012 Russia
| | - Elina A. Genina
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St, Saratov, 410012 Russia
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin’s Av, Tomsk, 634050 Russia
| | - Yury V. Kistenev
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin’s Av, Tomsk, 634050 Russia
| | - Valery V. Tuchin
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St, Saratov, 410012 Russia
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin’s Av, Tomsk, 634050 Russia
- Laboratory of Laser Diagnostics of Technical and Living Systems, Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control, FRC “Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 24 Rabochaya St, Saratov, 410028 Russia
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, FRC “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33-2 Leninsky Av, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu Y, Zhang S, Wang Y, Wang L, Cao Z, Sun W, Fan P, Zhang P, Chen HY, Huang S. Nanopore Identification of Alditol Epimers and Their Application in Rapid Analysis of Alditol-Containing Drinks and Healthcare Products. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13717-13728. [PMID: 35867993 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alditols, which have a sweet taste but produce much lower calories than natural sugars, are widely used as artificial sweeteners. Alditols are the reduced forms of monosaccharide aldoses, and different alditols are diastereomers or epimers of each other and direct and rapid identification by conventional methods is difficult. Nanopores, which are emerging single-molecule sensors with exceptional resolution when engineered appropriately, are useful for the recognition of diastereomers and epimers. In this work, direct distinguishing of alditols corresponding to all 15 monosaccharide aldoses was achieved by a boronic acid-appended hetero-octameric Mycobacterium smegmatis porin A (MspA) nanopore (MspA-PBA). Thirteen alditols including glycerol, erythritol, threitol, adonitol, arabitol, xylitol, mannitol, sorbitol, allitol, dulcitol, iditol, talitol, and gulitol (l-sorbitol) could be fully distinguished, and their sensing features constitute a complete nanopore alditol database. To automate event classification, a custom machine-learning algorithm was developed and delivered a 99.9% validation accuracy. This strategy was also used to identify alditol components in commercially available "zero-sugar" drinks and healthcare products, suggesting their use in rapid and sensitive quality control for the food and medical industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.,Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shanyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.,Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.,Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.,Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhenyuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.,Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.,Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Pingping Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.,Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Panke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.,Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Salem Y, Rajha HN, Franjieh D, Hoss I, Manca ML, Manconi M, Castangia I, Perra M, Maroun RG, Louka N. Stability and Antioxidant Activity of Hydro-Glyceric Extracts Obtained from Different Grape Seed Varieties Incorporated in Cosmetic Creams. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071348. [PMID: 35883839 PMCID: PMC9311904 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape seeds are agro-industrial by-products, which if improperly managed, may be responsible for socioeconomic and environmental problems. Nevertheless, it is possible to effectively valorize them by means of extraction of the bioactive compounds, especially the antioxidant phenolic molecules, using a safe, green, and environmentally-friendly extractive medium (i.e., hydro-glyceric solution). In the present study, the extraction was performed using seeds from two Lebanese varieties, Obeidi and Asswad Karech, and three international varieties, Marselan, Syrah, and Cabernet Franc. The type and amount of phenolic compounds were identified by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Marselan was the extract richer in catechins (132.99 ± 9.81 μg/g of dried matter), and it also contained a higher amount of phenolic compounds (49.08 ± 0.03 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g of dry matter and 10.02 ± 0.24 mg of proanthocyanidin content/g of dry matter). The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was assessed using three different colorimetric assays including 2,2-DiPhenyl-1-PicrylHydrazyl (DPPH), CUPRIC ion Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC), and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP). As expected, Marselan exhibited the highest antioxidant activity; as well, the total phenolic and proanthocyanidin content were the highest. The stability of the Marselan extract incorporated into a commercial cream, was performed at three different temperatures (4, 25, and 50 °C), and four different concentrations (5, 4, 3, 2%), over a period of 4 months, using different methods such as centrifugation, Heat-Shock Cycles, pH, and viscosity. All Marselan hydro-glyceric extract formulations were proven to be stable over the entire 4 months, where the highest stability was achieved at 4 °C and the least at 50 °C. This study supports the suitability of the incorporation of phenolic extracts into commercial creams to enrich the cosmetic industry with effective, natural, and safe skincare products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yara Salem
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisations Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, P.O. Box 17-5208, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon; (Y.S.); (D.F.); (I.H.); (R.G.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Hiba N. Rajha
- Ecole Supérieure d’Ingénieurs de Beyrouth (ESIB), Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, CST Mkalles Mar Roukos, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon
- Correspondence: (H.N.R.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Diana Franjieh
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisations Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, P.O. Box 17-5208, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon; (Y.S.); (D.F.); (I.H.); (R.G.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Israa Hoss
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisations Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, P.O. Box 17-5208, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon; (Y.S.); (D.F.); (I.H.); (R.G.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Maria Letizia Manca
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale n.72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (M.M.); (I.C.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: (H.N.R.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Maria Manconi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale n.72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (M.M.); (I.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Ines Castangia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale n.72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (M.M.); (I.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Matteo Perra
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale n.72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (M.M.); (I.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Richard G. Maroun
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisations Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, P.O. Box 17-5208, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon; (Y.S.); (D.F.); (I.H.); (R.G.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisations Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, P.O. Box 17-5208, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon; (Y.S.); (D.F.); (I.H.); (R.G.M.); (N.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
DeGuzman A, Lorenson MY, Walker AM. Bittersweet: relevant amounts of the common sweet food additive, glycerol, accelerate the growth of PC3 human prostate cancer xenografts. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:101. [PMID: 35272680 PMCID: PMC8908677 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-05990-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In a study of potential prostate cancer therapeutics, glycerol was used to increase the density of one solution. Glycerol alone was therefore one of the controls. Tumors of human PC3 castrate-resistant prostate cancer cells were initiated in male nude mice and grown for 12 days. Mice were then sorted such that mean tumor weights were the same in each group, and osmotic minipumps delivering 0.25 µL/h of either saline or glycerol were then implanted subcutaneously. RESULTS Contrary to our initial assumption that glycerol would be without effect, tumors grew more rapidly in the glycerol group such that tumors were twice the size of those in the saline group after 4 weeks. Given the dose delivered, analysis of the literature suggests this effect was not via the conversion of glycerol to glucose but possibly via a reduction in oxidative damage in the growing tumor. Our data demonstrate that amounts of glycerol that could reasonably be derived from the diet promote the growth of these tumors. Given the increasing use of glycerol in foods and beverages, we present these data to stimulate interest in an epidemiological study in the human population examining glycerol consumption and the aggressiveness of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel DeGuzman
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Mary Y Lorenson
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Ameae M Walker
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Effects of polyol excipient stability during storage and use on the quality of biopharmaceutical formulations. J Pharm Anal 2022; 12:774-782. [PMID: 36320601 PMCID: PMC9615580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopharmaceuticals are formulated using a variety of excipients to maintain their storage stability. However, some excipients are prone to degradation during repeated use and/or improper storage, and the impurities generated by their degradation are easily overlooked by end users and are usually not strictly monitored, affecting the stability of biopharmaceuticals. In this study, we evaluated the degradation profile of polyol excipient glycerol during repeated use and improper storage and identified an unprecedented cyclic ketal impurity using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The other polyol excipient, mannitol, was much more stable than glycerol. The effects of degraded glycerol and mannitol on the stability of the model biopharmaceutical pentapeptide, thymopentin, were also evaluated. The thymopentin content was only 66.4% in the thymopentin formulations with degraded glycerol, compared to 95.8% in other formulations after the stress test. Most glycerol impurities (i.e., aldehydes and ketones) reacted with thymopentin, affecting the stability of thymopentin formulations. In conclusion, this work suggests that more attention should be paid to the quality changes of excipients during repeated use and storage. Additional testing of excipient stability under real or accelerated conditions by manufacturers would help avoid unexpected and painful results. Unprecedented impurities in degraded glycerol were identified with GC-MS. Degradation of thymopentin due to glycerol degradation was determined using LC-MS/MS. Excipient stability affects biopharmaceutical formulation quality.
Collapse
|
25
|
The Effect of Glycerin Content in Sodium Alginate/Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Based Hydrogels for Wound Dressing Application. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112022. [PMID: 34769449 PMCID: PMC8584732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of different amounts of glycerin, which was used in the system of sodium alginate/poly(vinyl alcohol) (SA/PVA) hydrogel materials on the properties, such as gel fraction, swelling ability, degradation in simulated body fluids, morphological analysis, and elongation tests were presented. The study shows a significant decrease in the gel fraction from 80.5 ± 2.1% to 45.0 ± 1.2% with the increase of glycerin content. The T5 values of the tested hydrogels were varied and range from 88.7 °C to 161.5 °C. The presence of glycerin in the matrices significantly decreased the thermal resistance, which was especially visible by T10 changes (273.9 to 163.5 °C). The degradation tests indicate that most of the tested materials do not degrade throughout the incubation period and maintain a constant ion level after 7-day incubation. The swelling abilities in distilled water and phosphate buffer solution are approximately 200-300%. However, we noticed that these values decrease with the increase in glycerin content. All tested matrices are characterized by the maximum elongation rate at break in a range of 37.6-69.5%. The FT-IR analysis exhibits glycerin changes in hydrogel structures, which is associated with the cross-linking reaction. Additionally, cytotoxicity results indicate good adhesion properties and no toxicity towards normal human dermal fibroblasts.
Collapse
|
26
|
Kim JY, Im JE, Lee JD, Kim KB. Analytical method development and percutaneous absorption of propylidene phthalide, a cosmetic ingredient. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:811-820. [PMID: 34187329 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1944941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Propylidene phthalide (PP) is a cosmetic ingredient used in the fragrance industry and regulated for the limited content of 0.01% in cosmetic products in Korea. The aim of this study was to determine PP dermal absorption rate according to the Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) guidelines using in vitro Franz diffusion system. An analytical method in assessing PP was developed through method validation using LC-MS/MS. Linearity, precision, and accuracy were acceptable based upon MFDS guidelines. The stability of PP in receptor fluid (50% ethanol) at 32°C was sufficient up to 24 hr. Cream formulation (o/w) was topically applied to excised rat skin at a dose of 113 mg/cm2 containing 0.7% PP. The time points for receptor fluid collection were set at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hr. After 24 hr, the remaining formulation on the skin and stratum corneum (SC) were collected through swabbing with an alcohol cotton and tape stripping, respectively. The collected samples (swabbed-remained formulation, SC, and skin) were extracted using acetonitrile for 24 hr. Total dermal absorption rate of PP was approximately 24% in cream formulation. These findings may be used for further exposure evaluation of PP in human consumers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
- Toxicology Assessment Team R&D Center, Future Medicine Co., Ltd, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jueng Eun Im
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
- Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Dae Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Bong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gordon T, Karey E, Rebuli ME, Escobar Y, Jaspers I, Chi Chen L. E-Cigarette Toxicology. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 62:301-322. [PMID: 34555289 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-042921-084202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Since the spread of tobacco from the Americas hundreds of years ago, tobacco cigarettes and, more recently, alternative tobacco products have become global products of nicotine addiction. Within the evolving alternative tobacco product space, electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) vaping has surpassed conventional cigarette smoking among adolescents and young adults in the United States and beyond. This review describes the experimental and clinical evidence of e-cigarette toxicity and deleterious health effects. Adverse health effects related to e-cigarette aerosols are influenced by several factors, including e-liquid components, physical device factors, chemical changes related to heating, and health of the e-cigarette user (e.g., asthmatic). Federal, state, and local regulations have attempted to govern e-cigarette flavors, manufacturing, distribution, and availability, particularly to underaged youths. However, the evolving e-cigarette landscape continues to impede timely toxicological studies and hinder progress made toward our understanding of the long-term health consequence of e-cigarettes. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Volume 62 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terry Gordon
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA;
| | - Emma Karey
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA;
| | - Meghan E Rebuli
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Yael Escobar
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Lung Chi Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
M. Walgode P, D. Coelho LC, V. Faria RP, E. Rodrigues A. Dihydroxyacetone Production: From Glycerol Catalytic Oxidation with Commercial Catalysts to Chromatographic Separation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M. Walgode
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lucas C. D. Coelho
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui P. V. Faria
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alírio E. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ionescu AC, Vezzoli E, Conte V, Sartori P, Procacci P, Brambilla E. Activity of Experimental Mouthwashes and Gels Containing DNA-RNA and Bioactive Molecules against the Oxidative Stress of Oral Soft Tissues: The Importance of Formulations. A Bioreactor-Based Reconstituted Human Oral Epithelium Model. Molecules 2021; 26:2976. [PMID: 34067773 PMCID: PMC8155942 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA-RNA compounds have shown promising protection against cell oxidative stress. This study aimed to assess the cytotoxicity, protective, or preventive effect of different experimental formulations on oral epithelia's oxidative stress in vitro. METHODS Reconstituted human oral epithelia (RHOE) were grown air-lifted in a continuous-flow bioreactor. Mouthwashes and gels containing DNA-RNA compounds and other bioactive molecules were tested on a model of oxidative stress generated by hydrogen peroxide treatment. Epithelia viability was evaluated using a biochemical MTT-based assay and confocal microscopy; structural and ultrastructural morphology was evaluated by light microscopy and TEM. RESULTS DNA-RNA showed non-cytotoxic activity and effectively protected against oxidative stress, but did not help in its prevention. Gel formulations did not express adequate activity compared to the mouthwashes. Excipients played a fundamental role in enhancing or even decreasing the bioactive molecules' effect. CONCLUSION A mouthwash formulation with hydrolyzed DNA-RNA effectively protected against oxidative stress without additional enhancement by other bioactive molecules. Active compounds, such as hyaluronic acid, β-Glucan, allantoin, bisabolol, ruscogenin, and essential oils, showed a protective effect against oxidative stress, which was not synergistic with the one of DNA-RNA. Incorporation of surfactant agents showed a reduced, yet significant, cytotoxic effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei C. Ionescu
- Oral Microbiology and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Pascal, 36, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Elena Vezzoli
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Colombo, 71, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (V.C.); (P.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Vincenzo Conte
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Colombo, 71, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (V.C.); (P.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Patrizia Sartori
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Colombo, 71, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (V.C.); (P.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Patrizia Procacci
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Colombo, 71, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (V.C.); (P.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Eugenio Brambilla
- Oral Microbiology and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Pascal, 36, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nanovesicles Loaded with Origanum onites and Satureja thymbra Essential Oils and Their Activity against Food-Borne Pathogens and Spoilage Microorganisms. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082124. [PMID: 33917147 PMCID: PMC8067826 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Food poisoning is a common cause of illness and death in developing countries. Essential oils (EOs) could be effective and safe natural preservatives to prevent and control bacterial contamination of foods. However, their high sensitivity and strong flavor limit their application and biological effectiveness. The aim of this study was firstly the chemical analysis and the antimicrobial evaluation of the EOs of Origanum onites L. and Satureja thymbra L. obtained from Symi island (Greece), and, secondly, the formulation of propylene glycol-nanovesicles loaded with these EOs to improve their antimicrobial properties. The EOs were analyzed by GC-MS and their chemical contents are presented herein. Different nanovesicles were formulated with small average sizes, high homogeneity, and optimal ζ-potential. Microscopic observation confirmed their small and spherical shape. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of the formulated EOs were evaluated against food-borne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms compared to pure EOs. Propylene glycol-nanovesicles loaded with O. onites EO were found to be the most active formulation against all tested strains. Additionally, in vitro studies on the HaCaT cell line showed that nanovesicles encapsulated with EOs had no toxic effect. The present study revealed that both EOs can be used as alternative sanitizers and preservatives in the food industry, and that their formulation in nanovesicles can provide a suitable approach as food-grade delivery system.
Collapse
|
31
|
Optimization of Two Eco-Friendly Extractions of Black Medick ( Medicago lupulina L.) Phenols and Their Antioxidant, Cosmeceutical, α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Inhibitory Properties. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061610. [PMID: 33799441 PMCID: PMC7998307 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicago lupulina is an ancient edible plant from the Fabaceae family. In this work, two eco-friendly methods for extraction of bioactive phenolics from M. lupulina were developed using mixtures of water with two non-toxic, skin- and environmentally-friendly polyol solvents: glycerol and polypropylene glycol. Ultrasound-assisted extractions were optimized using a Box–Behnken design. The independent variables were the concentration of organic solvent in water (X1), extraction temperature (X2) and time (X3), while the response was phenolic content. The optimum conditions for extraction of polyphenols were (X1, X2, X3): (45%, 70 °C, 60 min) and (10%, 80 °C, 60 min) for glycerol and polypropylene glycol extraction, respectively. The extracts prepared at optimum conditions were rich in phenolic compounds, mainly derivatives of apigenin, kaempferol, luteolin, quercetin, caffeic and ferulic acid, as well as coumestrol. Their cosmeceutical and antidiabetic activity was tested. Both extracts demonstrated notable antioxidant, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-α-amylase activity. In addition to those activities, the glycerol extract efficiently inhibited protein coagulation, elastase and α-glucosidase activity. Glycerol present in the extract displayed enzyme-inhibiting activity in several assays and supported the action of the bioactive constituents. Thus, the optimized glycerol extract is a desirable candidate for direct incorporation in antidiabetic food supplements and cosmeceutical products.
Collapse
|
32
|
Lai JH, Liao EY, Liao YH, Sun CK. Investigating the optical clearing effects of 50% glycerol in ex vivo human skin by harmonic generation microscopy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:329. [PMID: 33431907 PMCID: PMC7801418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77889-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging depth and quality of optical microscopy can be enhanced by optical clearing. Here we investigate the optical clearing of the ex vivo human skin by 50% glycerol topical application, which is allowed for cosmetic usage. Harmonic generation microscopy, by combining second and third harmonic generation (THG) modalities, was utilized to examine the clearing effect. The THG image intensity is sensitive to the improved optical homogeneity after optical clearing, and the second harmonic generation (SHG) image intensity in the dermis could serve as a beacon to confirm the reduction of the scattering in the epidermis layer. As a result, our study supports the OC effect through 50% glycerol topical application. Our study further indicates the critical role of stratum corneum shrinkage for the observed SHG and THG signal recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hong Lai
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - En-Yu Liao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Liao
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Kuang Sun
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Momchev P, Ciganović P, Jug M, Marguí E, Jablan J, Zovko Končić M. Comparison of Maceration and Ultrasonication for Green Extraction of Phenolic Acids from Echinacea purpurea Aerial Parts. Molecules 2020; 25:E5142. [PMID: 33167320 PMCID: PMC7663822 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinacea purpurea is used in herbal medicinal products for the prevention and treatment of the common cold, as well as for skin disorders and minor wounds. In this study, the efficiency of traditional maceration using water and ethanol was compared with the maceration using mixtures of water and glycerol, a non-toxic, biodegradable solvent from renewable sources. It was found that the glycerol-water mixtures were as effective as ethanol/water mixtures for the extraction of caffeic acid derivatives. All the prepared extracts demonstrated notable antiradical properties. Furthermore, an efficient ultrasound-assisted extraction using glycerol-water mixtures was developed using six independent variables. Their levels needed for the maximum extraction of caffeic acid derivatives were as follows: glycerol 90% (m/m), temperature 70 °C, ultrasound power 72 W, time 40 min, and ascorbic acid 0 mg/mL. Under the optimized conditions, ultrasound-assisted extraction was superior to maceration. It achieved significantly higher yields of phenolic acids in shorter extraction time. The presence of zinc in plant material may contribute to the beneficial effects of E. purpurea preparations. Since glycerol is a non-toxic solvent with humectant properties, the prepared extracts can be directly used for the preparation of cosmetics or oral pharmaceutical formulations without the need for solvent removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Plamen Momchev
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.M.); (P.C.); (M.J.); (J.J.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, Bul. “Acad. Ivan Geshov” 15, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Petar Ciganović
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.M.); (P.C.); (M.J.); (J.J.)
| | - Mario Jug
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.M.); (P.C.); (M.J.); (J.J.)
| | - Eva Marguí
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Campmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain;
| | - Jasna Jablan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.M.); (P.C.); (M.J.); (J.J.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Campmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain;
| | - Marijana Zovko Končić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.M.); (P.C.); (M.J.); (J.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Rodriguez KJ, Cunningham C, Foxenberg R, Hoffman D, Vongsa R. The science behind wet wipes for infant skin: Ingredient review, safety, and efficacy. Pediatr Dermatol 2020; 37:447-454. [PMID: 32065466 PMCID: PMC7383888 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the diapered area, the continuous exposure to excess moisture and irritants from urine and feces weakens the stratum corneum, making the skin more susceptible to irritation. The use of wet wipes for infants (baby wipes) is a common practice to clean skin after urine or a bowel movement, and this practice even extends to cleaning the hands and face, resulting in repeated daily use. Therefore, ensuring that baby wipes contain ingredients that are safe and mild on skin is important to help minimize skin irritation and discomfort. While disposable baby wipes have been shown to be effective and gentle at cleaning infant skin, even the skin of premature infants, there is growing public concern regarding their safety and tolerability. Not all products are made the same, as differences exist in manufacturing processes, ingredients, materials, safety, and quality testing. Therefore, it is important that healthcare professionals have accessible evidenced-based information on the safety and tolerability of common ingredients found in baby wipes to optimally educate their patients and families. Herein, we provide a review on best practices for ingredient selection, safety, and efficacy of baby wipes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rebecca Vongsa
- Formerly with Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Neenah, Wisconsin
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ruszkiewicz JA, Zhang Z, Gonçalves FM, Tizabi Y, Zelikoff JT, Aschner M. Neurotoxicity of e-cigarettes. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 138:111245. [PMID: 32145355 PMCID: PMC7089837 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It appears that electronic cigarettes (EC) are a less harmful alternative to conventional cigarette (CC) smoking, as they generate substantially lower levels of harmful carcinogens and other toxic compounds. Thus, switching from CC to EC may be beneficial for smokers. However, recent accounts of EC- or vaping-associated lung injury (EVALI) has raised concerns regarding their adverse health effects. Additionally, the increasing popularity of EC among vulnerable populations, such as adolescents and pregnant women, calls for further EC safety evaluation. In this state-of-the-art review, we provide an update on recent findings regarding the neurological effects induced by EC exposure. Moreover, we discuss possible neurotoxic effects of nicotine and numerous other chemicals which are inherent both to e-liquids and EC aerosols. We conclude that in recognizing pertinent issues associated with EC usage, both government and scientific researchers must address this public health issue with utmost urgency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna A Ruszkiewicz
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Filipe Marques Gonçalves
- Biochemistry Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC, United States
| | - Judith T Zelikoff
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Manhattan, NY, United States
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|