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Panpan Z, Jinli H, Qiuhong L, Bo D, Juan Z, Hui S, Xin S. Changes in respiratory tract and gut microbiota in AR mice and their relationship with Th1/Th2/Treg. Microb Pathog 2024; 195:106881. [PMID: 39197690 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of allergic rhinitis (AR) is not fully understood. Studies have shown that the maturation of children's immune systems is closely related to microecology. However, few studies have focused simultaneously on changes in respiratory and gut microbiota in AR and their correlation between microecological changes and Th1/Th2/Treg. OBJECTIVE The aim is to investigate the pathogenesis of AR based on respiratory microecology, gut microecology, and Th1/Th2/Treg levels by applying microbiome techniques and correlation analysis. METHODS Standardized OVA-induced AR mice were established. Serum OVA-sIgE, IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-10 were measured by ELISA, Tregs in lymph nodes were determined by flow cytometry, and the histological characteristics of nasal tissues were evaluated by Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E). Nasal symptoms were observed to determine the reliability of the AR mouse model. Nasal lavage fluid (NALF) and fecal samples were collected after the last OVA challenge. The composition of respiratory microbiota in NALF and gut microbial in feces samples via 16S rRNA gene sequencing between the two groups, further explored the relationship between microbiota and Th1/Th2/Treg levels. RESULTS In the AR group, the incidence of nose rubbing and sneezing in each mouse was significantly increased compared with the control group (all P < 0.001) and the inflammatory cell infiltration of NALF shows a significant increase in eosinophilic and neutrophilic infiltrates upon the AR group; H&E showed that the nasal mucosa of AR mice infiltration of massive eosinophils cells and neutrophils cells. OVA-sIgE and IL-4 in the AR group were increased (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) and IFN-γ, IL-10 were significantly decreased (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Tregs showed a downward trend in the AR group, but there was no statistical difference. Compared with the control group, the respiratory microbiota of AR mice did not change significantly, while the gut microbiota changed significantly. In gut microbiota, compared to the control group, Shannon index in the AR group revealed a significant decrease at the genus level (P < 0.01), and Simpson index was significantly increased at all levels (all P < 0.05). PCoA also showed significant differences in beta diversity between the two groups (all P < 0.05). Compared to the control group, Deferribacteres at phylum level, Roseburia, Ruminiclostridium, Anaerotruncus at genus level were significantly decreased in the AR group (all P < 0.05). Spearman's rank correlation showed that OVA-sIgE was positively correlated with Bacteroidetes, Muribaculaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae (all P < 0.05); IL-4 was significantly negatively correlated with Epsilonbacteraeota and Deferribacteres (all P < 0.05). Treg was significantly positively correlated with Patescibacteria, Lachnospiraceae, and Saccharimonadaceae in gut microecology. CONCLUSION Our results showed that the respiratory microbiota of AR mice was not significantly altered, but the gut microbiota varied significantly and there was a correlation between gut microbiota and Th1/Th2/Treg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Panpan
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huang Jinli
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Qiuhong
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dong Bo
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhang Juan
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Su Hui
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Sun Xin
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Li Z, Zhao W, Jiang Y, Wen Y, Li M, Liu L, Zou K. New insights into biologic interpretation of bioinformatic pipelines for fish eDNA metabarcoding: A case study in Pearl River estuary. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 368:122136. [PMID: 39128344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is an emerging tool for monitoring biological communities in aquatic ecosystems. The selection of bioinformatic pipelines significantly impacts the results of biodiversity assessments. However, there is currently no consensus on the appropriate bioinformatic pipelines for fish community analysis in eDNA metabarcoding. In this study, we compared three bioinformatic pipelines (Uparse, DADA2, and UNOISE3) using real and mock (constructed with 15/30 known fish) communities to investigate the differences in biological interpretation during the data analysis process in eDNA metabarcoding. Performance evaluation and diversity analyses revealed that the choice of bioinformatic pipeline could impact the biological results of metabarcoding experiments. Among the three pipelines, the operational taxonomic units (OTU)-based pipeline (Uparse) showed the best performance (sensitivity: 0.6250 ± 0.0166; compositional similarity: 0.4000 ± 0.0571), the highest richness (25-102) and minimal inter-group differences in alpha diversity. It suggested the OTU-based pipeline possessed superior capability in fish diversity monitoring compared to ASV/ZOTU-based pipeline. Additionally, the Bray-Curtis distance matrix achieved the highest discriminative effect in the PCoA (43.3%-53.89%) and inter-group analysis (P < 0.01), indicating it was better at distinguishing compositional differences or specific genera of fish community at different sampling sites than other distance matrices. These findings provide new insights into fish community monitoring through eDNA metabarcoding in estuarine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoying Li
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wencheng Zhao
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjing Wen
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Open-sea Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keshu Zou
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China.
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3
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Pärnänen P, Räisänen IT, Sorsa T. Oral Anti-Inflammatory and Symbiotic Effects of Fermented Lingonberry Juice-Potential Benefits in IBD. Nutrients 2024; 16:2896. [PMID: 39275212 PMCID: PMC11397234 DOI: 10.3390/nu16172896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial dysbiosis may manifest as inflammation both orally and in the gastrointestinal tract. Altered oral and gut microbiota composition and decreased diversity have been shown in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and periodontal disease (PD). Recent studies have verified transmission of oral opportunistic microbes to the gut. Prebiotics, probiotics, or dietary interventions are suggested to alleviate IBD symptoms in addition to medicinal treatment. Lingonberries contain multiple bioactive molecules, phenolics, which have a broad spectrum of effects, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-proteolytic, and anti-cancer properties. An all-natural product, fermented lingonberry juice (FLJ), is discussed as a potential natural anti-inflammatory substance. FLJ has been shown in clinical human trials to promote the growth of oral lactobacilli, and inhibit growth of the opportunistic oral pathogens Candida, Streptococcus mutans, and periodontopathogens, and decrease inflammation, oral destructive proteolysis (aMMP-8), and dental microbial plaque load. Lactobacilli are probiotic and considered also beneficial for gut health. Considering the positive outcome of these oral studies and the fact that FLJ may be swallowed safely, it might be beneficial also for the gut mucosa by balancing the microbiota and reducing proteolytic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirjo Pärnänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ismo T Räisänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Yan S, He J, Yu X, Shang J, Zhang Y, Bai H, Zhu X, Xie X, Lee L. Causal relationship between gut microbiota and thyroid nodules: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1417009. [PMID: 39175567 PMCID: PMC11338761 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1417009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Emerging evidence suggests alterations in gut microbiota (GM) composition following thyroid nodules (TNs) development, yet the causal relationship remains unclear. Utilizing Mendelian Randomization (MR), this study aims to elucidate the causal dynamics between GM and TNs. Methods Employing summary statistics from the MiBioGen consortium (n=18,340) and FinnGen consortium (1,634 TNs cases, 263,704 controls), we conducted univariable and multivariable MR analyses to explore the GM-TNs association. Techniques including inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger regression, weighted median, and MR-PRESSO were utilized for causal inference. Instrumental variable heterogeneity was assessed through Cochran's Q statistic and leave-one-out analysis. Reverse MR was applied for taxa showing significant forward MR associations, with multivariate adjustments for confounders. Results Our findings suggest that certain microbiota, identified as Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group (OR, 1.89; 95%CI, 0.47-7.64; p = 0.040), Senegalimassilia (OR, 1.72; 95%CI, 1.03-2.87; p =0.037), Lachnospiraceae (OR,0.64; 95%CI,0.41-0.99; p =0.045), exhibit a protective influence against TNs' development, indicated by negative causal associations. In contrast, microbiota categorized as Desulfovibrionales (OR, 0.63; 95%CI, 0.41-0.95; p =0.028), Prevotella_7 (OR, 0.79; 95%CI, 0.63-1.00; p =0.049), Faecalibacterium (OR, 0.66; 95%CI, 0.44-1.00; p =0.050), Desulfovibrionaceae (OR, 0.55; 95%CI, 0.35-0.86; p =0.008), Deltaproteobacteria (OR, 0.65; 95%CI, 0.43-0.97; p =0.036) are have a positive correlation with with TNs, suggesting they may serve as risk factors. Reverse MR analyses did not establish significant causal links. After comprehensive adjustment for confounders, taxa Desulfovibrionales (Order), Desulfovibrionaceae (Family), Deltaproteobacteria (Class) remain implicated as potential contributors to TNs' risk. Discussion This study substantiates a significant causal link between GM composition and TNs development, underscoring the thyroid-gut axis's relevance. The findings advocate for the integration of GM profiles in TNs' prevention and management, offering a foundation for future research in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoshuai Yan
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei He
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xudong Yu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Shang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yaosheng Zhang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Han Bai
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyu Zhu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Xie
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Leanne Lee
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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5
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Coskun M, Babayeva A, Barlas T, Muhittin Yalcin M, Akturk M, Balos Toruner F, Ayhan Karakoc M, Karakan T, Cindoruk M, Yetkin I, Eroglu Altinova A. Relationship between gut microbiome and bone deficits in primary hyperparathyroidism: A proof-of-concept pilot study. J Investig Med 2024; 72:541-552. [PMID: 38641855 DOI: 10.1177/10815589241251695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) interacts with components of the gut microbiota to exert its bone-regulating effects. This study aimed to investigate the gut microbial composition in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Nine patients with PHPT and nine age-sex and body mass index-matched healthy controls were included. Gut microbial composition was assessed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing in both groups at baseline and 1 month after parathyroidectomy in the PHPT group. Data were imported into QIIME-2 and both QIIME-2 and R packages were used for microbiome analysis. Alpha and beta diversities were similar between the groups and remained unchanged after parathyroidectomy. The relative abundance of Subdoligranulum was significantly higher, whereas Ruminococcus, Alloprevotella, Phascolarctobacterium, and Clostridium sensu stricto_1 were significantly lower in PHPT than in controls (p < 0.001). After parathyroidectomy, the relative abundance of Subdoligranulum decreased, and Ruminococcus and Alloprevotella increased (p < 0.001). The PHPT group had lower total femoral and lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) than the controls (p < 0.05). At baseline, Alloprevotella abundance was positively correlated with serum phosphorus and Subdoligranulum was positively correlated with total lumbar BMD. Clostridium sensu stricto_1 was negatively correlated with serum calcium and positively correlated with femoral neck BMD. Postoperatively, Alloprevotella was positively correlated with baseline serum phosphorus and Phascolarctobacterium was positively correlated with distal radius BMD. This study demonstrated that the diversity of the gut microbiome was altered, possibly in response to electrolyte changes in PHPT, both before and after parathyroidectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meric Coskun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Afruz Babayeva
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tugba Barlas
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Muhittin Yalcin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mujde Akturk
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fusun Balos Toruner
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ayhan Karakoc
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tarkan Karakan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Cindoruk
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ilhan Yetkin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alev Eroglu Altinova
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Wadop YN, Vasquez EL, Mathews JJ, Muhammad JAS, Mavarez RP, Satizabal C, Gonzales MM, Tanner J, Maestre G, Fonteh AN, Seshadri S, Kautz TF, Fongang B. Differential Patterns of Gut and Oral Microbiomes in Hispanic Individuals with Cognitive Impairment. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.27.605455. [PMID: 39211240 PMCID: PMC11361189 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.27.605455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) have been associated with alterations in both oral and gut microbiomes. While extensive research has focused on the role of gut dysbiosis in ADRD, the contribution of the oral microbiome remains relatively understudied. Furthermore, the potential synergistic interactions between oral and gut microbiomes in ADRD pathology are largely unexplored. This study aims to evaluate distinct patterns and potential synergistic effects of oral and gut microbiomes in a cohort of predominantly Hispanic individuals with cognitive impairment (CI) and without cognitive impairment (NC). We conducted 16S rRNA gene sequencing on stool and saliva samples from 32 participants (17 CI, 15 NC; 62.5% female, mean age = 70.4 ± 6.2 years) recruited in San Antonio, Texas, USA. Correlation analysis through MaAslin2 assessed the relationship between participants' clinical measurements (e.g., fasting glucose and blood cholesterol) and their gut and saliva microbial contents. Differential abundance analysis evaluated taxa with significant differences between CI and NC groups, and alpha and beta diversity metrics assessed within-sample and group compositional differences. Our analyses revealed no significant differences between NC and CI groups in fasting glucose or blood cholesterol levels. However, a clear association was observed between gut microbiome composition and levels of fasting glucose and blood cholesterol. While alpha and beta diversity metrics showed no significant differences between CI and NC groups, differential abundance analysis revealed an increased presence of oral genera such as Dialister , Fretibacterium , and Mycoplasma in CI participants. Conversely, CI individuals exhibited a decreased abundance of gut genera, including Shuttleworthia , Holdemania , and Subdoligranulum , which are known for their anti-inflammatory properties. No evidence was found for synergistic contributions between oral and gut microbiomes in the context of ADRD. Our findings suggest that similar to the gut microbiome, the oral microbiome undergoes significant modifications as individuals transition from NC to CI. Notably, the identified oral microbes have been previously associated with periodontal diseases and gingivitis. These results underscore the necessity for further investigations with larger sample sizes to validate our findings and elucidate the complex interplay between oral and gut microbiomes in ADRD pathogenesis.
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Noruzpour A, Gholam-Mostafaei FS, Looha MA, Dabiri H, Ahmadipour S, Rouhani P, Ciacci C, Rostami-Nejad M. Assessment of salivary microbiota profile as a potential diagnostic tool for pediatric celiac disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16712. [PMID: 39030381 PMCID: PMC11271620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67677-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The association between oral dysbiosis and celiac disease (CD) remains poorly understood, as does the impact of CD-associated dysbiosis on disease development or exacerbation. This study aims to investigate alterations in salivary microbial composition among children with CD. In this cross-sectional study, saliva samples from 12 children with active CD (A-CD group), 14 children with CD on a gluten-free diet (GFD), and 10 healthy control (HC) children were analyzed using DNA sequencing targeting the 16S ribosomal RNA. Both patients in A-CD and GFD groups showed a significant increase (p = 0.0001) in the Bacteroidetes phylum, while the Actinobacteria phylum showed a significant decrease (p = 0.0001). Notably, the Rothia genus and R.aeria also demonstrated a significant decrease (p = 0.0001) within the both CD groups as compare to HC. Additionally, the control group displayed a significant increase (p = 0.006) in R.mucilaginosa species compared to both CD patient groups. Distinct bacterial strains were abundant in the saliva of patients with active CD, indicating a unique composition of the salivary microbiome in individuals with CD. These findings suggest that our approach to assessing salivary microbiota changes may contribute to developing noninvasive methods for diagnosing and treating CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asal Noruzpour
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medial Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Sadat Gholam-Mostafaei
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Azizmohammad Looha
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Dabiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medial Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Ahmadipour
- Pediatric Gastroenterologist, Hepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Pejman Rouhani
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Carolina Ciacci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Celiac Disease and Gluten Related Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Chambers LC, Tapia KA, Srinivasan S, Proll S, Morgan JL, Hoffman NG, Lowens MS, Glick SN, Khosropour CM, Golden MR, Hughes JP, Manhart LE, Fredricks DN. The Relationship Between Insertive Oral and Anal Sex and Select Measures of the Composition of the Urethral Microbiota Among Men Who Have Sex With Men. Sex Transm Dis 2024; 51:407-414. [PMID: 38403292 PMCID: PMC11088528 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual behavior may influence the composition of the male urethral microbiota, but this hypothesis has not been tested in longitudinal studies of men who have sex with men (MSM). METHODS From December 2014 to July 2018, we enrolled MSM with nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) attending a sexual health clinic. Men attended 5 in-clinic visits at 3-week intervals, collected weekly urine specimens at home, and reported daily antibiotics and sexual activity on weekly diaries. We applied broad-range 16S rRNA gene sequencing to urine. We used generalized estimating equations to estimate the association between urethral sexual exposures in the prior 7 days (insertive oral sex [IOS] only, condomless insertive anal intercourse [CIAI] only, IOS with CIAI [IOS + CIAI], or none) and Shannon index, number of species (observed, oral indicator, and rectal indicator), and specific taxa, adjusting for recent antibiotics, age, race/ethnicity, HIV, and preexposure prophylaxis. RESULTS Ninety-six of 108 MSM with NGU attended ≥1 follow-up visit. They contributed 1140 person-weeks of behavioral data and 1006 urine specimens. Compared with those with no urethral sexual exposures, those with IOS only had higher Shannon index ( P = 0.03 ) but similar number of species and presence of specific taxa considered, adjusting for confounders; the exception was an association with Haemophilus parainfluenzae . CIAI only was not associated with measured aspects of the urethral microbiota. IOS + CIAI was only associated with presence of H. parainfluenzae and Haemophilus . CONCLUSIONS Among MSM after NGU, IOS and CIAI did not seem to have a substantial influence on measured aspects of the composition of the urethral microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington
| | - Kenneth A. Tapia
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington
| | - Sujatha Srinivasan
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson
Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sean Proll
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson
Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jennifer L. Morgan
- HIV/STI/HCV Program, Public Health – Seattle and
King County, Seattle, Washington
| | - Noah G. Hoffman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - M. Sylvan Lowens
- HIV/STI/HCV Program, Public Health – Seattle and
King County, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sara N. Glick
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington
- HIV/STI/HCV Program, Public Health – Seattle and
King County, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle,
Washington
| | | | - Matthew R. Golden
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington
- HIV/STI/HCV Program, Public Health – Seattle and
King County, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle,
Washington
| | - James P. Hughes
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington
| | - Lisa E. Manhart
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington
| | - David N. Fredricks
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson
Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle,
Washington
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington
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9
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Gorman ED, Lladser ME. Interpretable metric learning in comparative metagenomics: The adaptive Haar-like distance. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011543. [PMID: 38768195 PMCID: PMC11142682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Random forests have emerged as a promising tool in comparative metagenomics because they can predict environmental characteristics based on microbial composition in datasets where β-diversity metrics fall short of revealing meaningful relationships between samples. Nevertheless, despite this efficacy, they lack biological insight in tandem with their predictions, potentially hindering scientific advancement. To overcome this limitation, we leverage a geometric characterization of random forests to introduce a data-driven phylogenetic β-diversity metric, the adaptive Haar-like distance. This new metric assigns a weight to each internal node (i.e., split or bifurcation) of a reference phylogeny, indicating the relative importance of that node in discerning environmental samples based on their microbial composition. Alongside this, a weighted nearest-neighbors classifier, constructed using the adaptive metric, can be used as a proxy for the random forest while maintaining accuracy on par with that of the original forest and another state-of-the-art classifier, CoDaCoRe. As shown in datasets from diverse microbial environments, however, the new metric and classifier significantly enhance the biological interpretability and visualization of high-dimensional metagenomic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan D. Gorman
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Manuel E. Lladser
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
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10
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Wardill HR, Bossi P, Sonis ST. Understanding Protective Mechanisms of an Oral Probiotic in Reducing Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis. J Clin Oncol 2024; 42:1436-1438. [PMID: 38427937 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.02706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Wardill
- School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Supportive Oncology Research Group, Precision Cancer Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Paolo Bossi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Stephen T Sonis
- Department of Surgery, Division of Oral Medicine and Dentistry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
- Biomodels LLC, Waltham, MA
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11
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Yamasaki H, Itoh RD, Mizumoto KB, Yoshida YS, Otaki JM, Cohen MF. Spatiotemporal Characteristics Determining the Multifaceted Nature of Reactive Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Sulfur Species in Relation to Proton Homeostasis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024. [PMID: 38407968 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Significance: Reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and reactive sulfur species (RSS) act as signaling molecules, regulating gene expression, enzyme activity, and physiological responses. However, excessive amounts of these molecular species can lead to deleterious effects, causing cellular damage and death. This dual nature of ROS, RNS, and RSS presents an intriguing conundrum that calls for a new paradigm. Recent Advances: Recent advancements in the study of photosynthesis have offered significant insights at the molecular level and with high temporal resolution into how the photosystem II oxygen-evolving complex manages to prevent harmful ROS production during the water-splitting process. These findings suggest that a dynamic spatiotemporal arrangement of redox reactions, coupled with strict regulation of proton transfer, is crucial for minimizing unnecessary ROS formation. Critical Issues: To better understand the multifaceted nature of these reactive molecular species in biology, it is worth considering a more holistic view that combines ecological and evolutionary perspectives on ROS, RNS, and RSS. By integrating spatiotemporal perspectives into global, cellular, and biochemical events, we discuss local pH or proton availability as a critical determinant associated with the generation and action of ROS, RNS, and RSS in biological systems. Future Directions: The concept of localized proton availability will not only help explain the multifaceted nature of these ubiquitous simple molecules in diverse systems but also provide a basis for new therapeutic strategies to manage and manipulate these reactive species in neural disorders, pathogenic diseases, and antiaging efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Yamasaki
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Ryuuichi D Itoh
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | | | - Yuki S Yoshida
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Joji M Otaki
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Michael F Cohen
- University of California Cooperative Extension, Santa Clara County, San Jose, California, USA
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12
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Maki KA, Crayton CB, Butera G, Wallen GR. Examining the relationship between the oral microbiome, alcohol intake and alcohol-comorbid neuropsychological disorders: protocol for a scoping review. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e079823. [PMID: 38514150 PMCID: PMC10961520 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heavy alcohol use and alcohol use disorder (AUD) continues to rise as a public health problem and increases the risk for disease. Elevated rates of anxiety, depression, sleep disruption and stress are associated with alcohol use. Symptoms may progress to diagnosed neurophysiological conditions and increase risk for relapse if abstinence is attempted. Research on mechanisms connecting the gastrointestinal microbiome to neuropsychological disorders through the gut-brain axis is well-established. Less is known how the oral microbiome and oral microbial-associated biomarkers may signal to the brain. Therefore, a synthesis of research studying relationships between alcohol intake, alcohol-associated neurophysiological symptoms and the oral microbiome is needed to understand the state of the current science. In this paper, we outline our protocol to collect, evaluate and synthesise research focused on associations between alcohol intake and AUD-related neuropsychological disorders with the oral microbiome. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The search strategy was developed and will be executed in collaboration with a medical research librarian. Studies will be screened by two independent investigators according to the aim of the scoping review, along with the outlined exclusion and inclusion criteria. After screening, data will be extracted and synthesised from the included papers according to predefined demographic, clinical and microbiome methodology metrics. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION A scoping review of primary sources is needed to synthesise the data on relationships between alcohol use, neuropsychological conditions associated with AUD and the oral microbiome. The proposed scoping review is based on the data from publicly available databases and does not require ethical approval. We expect the results of this synthesis will identify gaps in the growing literature and highlight potential mechanisms linking the oral-brain axis to addiction and other associated neuropsychological conditions. The study findings and results will be disseminated through journals and conferences related to psychology, neuroscience, dentistry and the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Maki
- Clinical Center, Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chelsea B Crayton
- Clinical Center, Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gisela Butera
- Division of Library Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gwenyth R Wallen
- Clinical Center, Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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13
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Kusaka S, Haruta A, Kawada-Matsuo M, Nguyen-Tra Le M, Yoshikawa M, Kajihara T, Yahara K, Hisatsune J, Nomura R, Tsuga K, Ohge H, Sugai M, Komatsuzawa H. Oral and rectal colonization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in long-term care facility residents and their association with clinical status. Microbiol Immunol 2024; 68:75-89. [PMID: 38230847 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal bacterium in humans, but it sometimes causes opportunistic infectious diseases such as suppurative skin disease, pneumonia, and enteritis. Therefore, it is important to determine the prevalence of S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in individuals, especially older adults. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA in the oral cavity and feces of residents in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). S. aureus was isolated from the oral cavity of 61/178 (34.3%) participants, including 28 MRSA-positive participants (15.7%), and from the feces of 35/127 (27.6%) participants, including 16 MRSA-positive participants (12.6%). S. aureus and MRSA were isolated from both sites in 19/127 individuals (15.0%) and 10/127 individuals (7.9%), respectively. Among 19 participants with S. aureus isolation from both sites, 17 participants showed the same sequence type (ST) type. Then, we analyzed the correlation of S. aureus and MRSA in the oral cavity and rectum with the participant's condition. S. aureus and MRSA positivity in the oral cavity was significantly related to tube feeding, while there was no correlation of rectal S. aureus/MRSA with any factors. Our findings regarding the oral inhabitation of MRSA and its risk factors indicate the importance of considering countermeasures against MRSA infection in LTCFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Kusaka
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Azusa Haruta
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Miki Kawada-Matsuo
- Department of Bacteriology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mi Nguyen-Tra Le
- Department of Bacteriology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mineka Yoshikawa
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshiki Kajihara
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Yahara
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junzo Hisatsune
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Nomura
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tsuga
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ohge
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Sugai
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Komatsuzawa
- Department of Bacteriology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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14
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Zhu Y, Ma R, Hu L, Yang H, Gong H, He K. Structure, variation and assembly of body-wide microbiomes in endangered crested ibis Nipponia nippon. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17238. [PMID: 38108198 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Limited knowledge of bird microbiome in the all-body niche hinders our understanding of host-microbial relationships and animal health. Here, we characterized the microbial composition of the crested ibis from 13 body sites, representing the cloaca, oral, feather and skin habitats, and explored assembly mechanism structuring the bacterial community of the four habitats respectively. The bacterial community characteristics were distinct among the four habitats. The skin harboured the highest alpha diversity and most diverse functions, followed by feather, oral and cloaca. Individual-specific features were observed when the skin and feathers were concentrated independently. Skin and feather samples of multiple body sites from the same individual were more similar than those from different individuals. Although a significant proportion of the microbiota in the host (85.7%-96.5%) was not derived from the environmental microbiome, as body sites became more exposed to the environment, the relative importance of neutral processes (random drift or dispersal) increased. Neutral processes were the most important contributor in shaping the feather microbiome communities (R2 = .859). A higher percentage of taxa (29.3%) on the skin were selected by hosts compared to taxa on other body habitats. This study demonstrated that niche speciation and partial neutral processes, rather than environmental sources, contribute to microbiome variation in the crested ibis. These results enhance our knowledge of baseline microbial diversity in birds and will aid health management in crested ibises in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Provincial Key Laboratory for Alpine Grassland Conservation and Utilization on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruifeng Ma
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Provincial Key Laboratory for Alpine Grassland Conservation and Utilization on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Provincial Key Laboratory for Alpine Grassland Conservation and Utilization on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiqiong Yang
- Emei Breeding Center for Crested Ibis, Emei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haizhou Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ke He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Zhang Q, Wang H, Tian Y, Li J, Xin Y, Jiang X. Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate the gut microbiome in oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1210807. [PMID: 38239501 PMCID: PMC10794669 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1210807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence supports an observational association between the gut microbiome and susceptibility to extraintestinal cancers, but the causal relationship of this association remains unclear. Methods To identify the specific causal gut microbiota of oral and oropharyngeal cancer, we performed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of gut microbiota on oral and oropharyngeal cancer using a fixed-effects inverse-variance-weighted model. Gut microbiota across five different taxonomical levels from the MiBioGen genome-wide association study (GWAS) were used as exposures. Oral cancer, oropharyngeal cancer and a combination of the two cancers defined from three separate data sources were used as the outcomes. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for disease per standard deviation (SD) higher abundance of microbiome. Results & Conclusions There was little evidence for a causal effect of gut microbiota on oral and oropharyngeal cancer when using a genome-wide p-value threshold for selecting instruments. Secondary analyses using a more lenient p-value threshold indicated that there were 90 causal relationships between 58 different microbial features but that sensitivity analyses suggested that these were possibly affected by violations of MR assumptions and were not consistent across MR methodologies or data sources and therefore are also to unlikely reflect causation. These findings provide new insights into gut microbiota-mediated oral and oropharyngeal cancers and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihe Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, and Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, and Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, and Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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16
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Fanfan D, Mulligan CJ, Groer M, Mai V, Weaver M, Huffman F, Lyon DE. The intersection of social determinants of health, the microbiome, and health outcomes in immigrants: A scoping review. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024; 183:3-19. [PMID: 37737631 PMCID: PMC11185843 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
In the present scoping review, we explore whether existing evidence supports the premise that social determinants of health (SDoH) affect immigrant health outcomes through their effects on the microbiome. We adapt the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities' research framework to propose a conceptual model that considers the intersection of SDoH, the microbiome, and health outcomes in immigrants. We use this conceptual model as a lens through which to explore recent research about SDoH, biological factors associated with changes to immigrants' microbiomes, and long-term health outcomes. In the 17 articles reviewed, dietary acculturation, physical activity, ethnicity, birthplace, age at migration and length of time in the host country, socioeconomic status, and social/linguistic acculturation were important determinants of postmigration microbiome-related transformations. These factors are associated with progressive shifts in microbiome profile with time in host country, increasing the risks for cardiometabolic, mental, immune, and inflammatory disorders and antibiotic resistance. The evidence thus supports the premise that SDoH influence immigrants' health postmigration, at least in part, through their effects on the microbiome. Omission of important postmigration social-ecological variables (e.g., stress, racism, social/family relationships, and environment), limited research among minoritized subgroups of immigrants, complexity and inter- and intra-individual differences in the microbiome, and limited interdisciplinary and biosocial collaboration restrict our understanding of this area of study. To identify potential microbiome-based interventions and promote immigrants' well-being, more research is necessary to understand the intersections of immigrant health with factors from the biological, behavioral/psychosocial, physical/built environment, and sociocultural environment domains at all social-ecological levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany Fanfan
- College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Connie J. Mulligan
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Maureen Groer
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Volker Mai
- College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michael Weaver
- College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Fatma Huffman
- College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Debra E. Lyon
- College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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17
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Meslier V, Menozzi E, David A, Morabito C, Lucas Del Pozo S, Famechon A, North J, Quinquis B, Koletsi S, Macnaughtan J, Mezabrovschi R, Ehrlich SD, Schapira AHV, Almeida M. Evaluation of an Adapted Semi-Automated DNA Extraction for Human Salivary Shotgun Metagenomics. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1505. [PMID: 37892187 PMCID: PMC10604855 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent attention has highlighted the importance of oral microbiota in human health and disease, e.g., in Parkinson's disease, notably using shotgun metagenomics. One key aspect for efficient shotgun metagenomic analysis relies on optimal microbial sampling and DNA extraction, generally implementing commercial solutions developed to improve sample collection and preservation, and provide high DNA quality and quantity for downstream analysis. As metagenomic studies are today performed on a large number of samples, the next evolution to increase study throughput is with DNA extraction automation. In this study, we proposed a semi-automated DNA extraction protocol for human salivary samples collected with a commercial kit, and compared the outcomes with the DNA extraction recommended by the manufacturer. While similar DNA yields were observed between the protocols, our semi-automated DNA protocol generated significantly higher DNA fragment sizes. Moreover, we showed that the oral microbiome composition was equivalent between DNA extraction methods, even at the species level. This study demonstrates that our semi-automated protocol is suitable for shotgun metagenomic analysis, while allowing for improved sample treatment logistics with reduced technical variability and without compromising the structure of the oral microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Meslier
- MetaGenoPolis, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France (C.M.)
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA (S.K.); (R.M.); (S.D.E.)
| | - Elisa Menozzi
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA (S.K.); (R.M.); (S.D.E.)
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Aymeric David
- MetaGenoPolis, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France (C.M.)
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA (S.K.); (R.M.); (S.D.E.)
| | - Christian Morabito
- MetaGenoPolis, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France (C.M.)
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA (S.K.); (R.M.); (S.D.E.)
| | - Sara Lucas Del Pozo
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA (S.K.); (R.M.); (S.D.E.)
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alexandre Famechon
- MetaGenoPolis, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France (C.M.)
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA (S.K.); (R.M.); (S.D.E.)
| | - Janet North
- Research Department of Hematology, Cancer Institute, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Benoit Quinquis
- MetaGenoPolis, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France (C.M.)
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA (S.K.); (R.M.); (S.D.E.)
| | - Sofia Koletsi
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA (S.K.); (R.M.); (S.D.E.)
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jane Macnaughtan
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA (S.K.); (R.M.); (S.D.E.)
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Roxana Mezabrovschi
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA (S.K.); (R.M.); (S.D.E.)
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - S. Dusko Ehrlich
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA (S.K.); (R.M.); (S.D.E.)
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Anthony H. V. Schapira
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA (S.K.); (R.M.); (S.D.E.)
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mathieu Almeida
- MetaGenoPolis, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France (C.M.)
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA (S.K.); (R.M.); (S.D.E.)
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18
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Kun Y, Xiaodong W, Haijun W, Xiazi N, Dai Q. Exploring the oral-gut microbiota during thyroid cancer: Factors affecting the thyroid functions and cancer development. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:5657-5674. [PMID: 37823092 PMCID: PMC10563736 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is categorized into papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic. The TC is increasing in several countries, including China, the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, France, Australia, Germany, Japan, Spain, and Italy. Thus, this review comprehensively covers the factors that affect thyroid gland function, TC types, risk factors, and symptoms. Lifestyle factors (such as nutrient consumption and smoking) and pollutants (such as chemicals and heavy metals) increased the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels which are directly related to TC prevalence. The conventional and recent TC treatments are also highlighted. The role of the oral and gut microbiota as well as the application of probiotics on TC are also discussed. The variations in the composition of oral and gut microbes influence the thyroid function indirectly through alteration in metabolites (such as short-chain fatty acids) that are eminent for cellular energy metabolism. Maintenance of healthy gut and oral microbiota can help in regulating thyroid function by regulating iodine uptake. Oral or gut microbial dysbiosis can be considered as an early diagnosis factor or TC marker. High TSH during TC can increase the oral microbial diversity while disrupting the high ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in the gut. Supplementation of probiotics as an adjuvant in TC treatment is beneficial. However, needs more extensive research to explore the direct effect of probiotics on thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Kun
- Department of Nuclear MedicineGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Wei Xiaodong
- Emergency Department of Gansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Wang Haijun
- Department of Nuclear MedicineGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Nie Xiazi
- Department of GynecologyGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Qiang Dai
- Department of RespiratoryGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
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19
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Wong SP, Er YX, Tan SM, Lee SC, Rajasuriar R, Lim YAL. Oral and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis is Associated with Mucositis Severity in Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Evidence from an Asian Population. Transplant Cell Ther 2023; 29:633.e1-633.e13. [PMID: 37422196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Mucositis is a debilitating complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). It is unclear how changes in the composition of microbiota, which are modulated by geographical location and ethnicity, may influence immune regulation leading to the development of mucositis, and the study of both oral and gut microbiota in a single population of autologous HSCT in the Asian region is lacking. The present study aimed to characterize the oral and gut microbiota changes, and the impact on both oral and lower gastrointestinal (GI) mucositis, with associated temporal changes in a population of adult recipients of autologous HSCT. Autologous HSCT recipients age ≥18 years were recruited from Hospital Ampang, Malaysia, between April 2019 and December 2020. Mucositis assessments were conducted daily, and blood, saliva, and fecal samples were collected prior to conditioning, on day 0, and at 7 days and 6 months post-transplantation. Longitudinal differences in alpha diversity and beta diversity were determined using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and permutational multivariate analysis of variance, respectively. Changes in relative abundances of bacteria across time points were assessed using the microbiome multivariate analysis by linear models function. The combined longitudinal effects of clinical, inflammatory, and microbiota variables on mucositis severity were measured using the generalized estimating equation. Among the 96 patients analyzed, oral mucositis and diarrhea (representing lower GI mucositis) occurred in 58.3% and 95.8%, respectively. Alpha and beta diversities were significantly different between sample types (P < .001) and across time points, with alpha diversity reaching statistical significance at day 0 in fecal samples (P < .001) and at day +7 in saliva samples (P < .001). Diversities normalized to baseline by 6 months post-transplantation. Significant microbiota, clinical, and immunologic factors were associated with increasing mucositis grades. Increasing relative abundances of saliva Paludibacter, Leuconostoc, and Proteus were associated with higher oral mucositis grades, whereas increasing relative abundances of fecal Rothia and Parabacteroides were associated with higher GI mucositis grades. Meanwhile, increasing relative abundances of saliva Lactococcus and Acidaminococcus and fecal Bifidobacterium were associated with protective effects against worsening oral and GI mucositis grades, respectively. This study provides real-world evidence and insights into the dysbiosis of the microbiota in patients exposed to conditioning regimen during HSCT. Independent of clinical and immunologic factors, we demonstrated significant associations between relative bacteria abundances with the increasing severity of oral and lower GI mucositis. Our findings offer a potential rationale to consider the inclusion of preventive and restorative measures targeting oral and lower GI dysbiosis as interventional strategies to ameliorate mucositis outcome in HSCT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Ping Wong
- Department of Pharmacy, Ampang Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ampang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Yi Xian Er
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sen Mui Tan
- Department of Haematology, Ampang Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ampang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Soo Ching Lee
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Reena Rajasuriar
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yvonne Ai Lian Lim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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20
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Bruno JS, Al-Qadami GH, Laheij AMGA, Bossi P, Fregnani ER, Wardill HR. From Pathogenesis to Intervention: The Importance of the Microbiome in Oral Mucositis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098274. [PMID: 37175980 PMCID: PMC10179181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral mucositis (OM) is a common and impactful toxicity of standard cancer therapy, affecting up to 80% of patients. Its aetiology centres on the initial destruction of epithelial cells and the increase in inflammatory signals. These changes in the oral mucosa create a hostile environment for resident microbes, with oral infections co-occurring with OM, especially at sites of ulceration. Increasing evidence suggests that oral microbiome changes occur beyond opportunistic infection, with a growing appreciation for the potential role of the microbiome in OM development and severity. This review collects the latest articles indexed in the PubMed electronic database which analyse the bacterial shift through 16S rRNA gene sequencing methodology in cancer patients under treatment with oral mucositis. The aims are to assess whether changes in the oral and gut microbiome causally contribute to oral mucositis or if they are simply a consequence of the mucosal injury. Further, we explore the emerging role of a patient's microbial fingerprint in OM development and prediction. The maintenance of resident bacteria via microbial target therapy is under constant improvement and should be considered in the OM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S Bruno
- Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo 01308-060, Brazil
| | - Ghanyah H Al-Qadami
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Alexa M G A Laheij
- Department of Oral Medicine, Academic Centre for Dentistry (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Bossi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Eduardo R Fregnani
- Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo 01308-060, Brazil
| | - Hannah R Wardill
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
- The Supportive Oncology Research Group, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, The South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide 5000, Australia
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21
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Liu X, Zou L, Nie C, Qin Y, Tong X, Wang J, Yang H, Xu X, Jin X, Xiao L, Zhang T, Min J, Zeng Y, Jia H, Hou Y. Mendelian randomization analyses reveal causal relationships between the human microbiome and longevity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5127. [PMID: 36991009 PMCID: PMC10052271 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31115-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Although recent studies have revealed the association between the human microbiome especially gut microbiota and longevity, their causality remains unclear. Here, we assess the causal relationships between the human microbiome (gut and oral microbiota) and longevity, by leveraging bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics of the gut and oral microbiome from the 4D-SZ cohort and longevity from the CLHLS cohort. We found that some disease-protected gut microbiota such as Coriobacteriaceae and Oxalobacter as well as the probiotic Lactobacillus amylovorus were related to increased odds of longevity, whereas the other gut microbiota such as colorectal cancer pathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum, Coprococcus, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, and Neisseria were negatively associated with longevity. The reverse MR analysis further revealed genetically longevous individuals tended to have higher abundances of Prevotella and Paraprevotella but lower abundances of Bacteroides and Fusobacterium species. Few overlaps of gut microbiota-longevity interactions were identified across different populations. We also identified abundant links between the oral microbiome and longevity. The additional analysis suggested that centenarians genetically had a lower gut microbial diversity, but no difference in oral microbiota. Our findings strongly implicate these bacteria to play a role in human longevity and underscore the relocation of commensal microbes among different body sites that would need to be monitored for long and healthy life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Liu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | | | - Chao Nie
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | | | - Xin Tong
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Xin Jin
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | | | - Tao Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Junxia Min
- School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yi Zeng
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Raissun Institute for Advanced Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Huijue Jia
- Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yong Hou
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
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22
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Li Y, Qian F, Cheng X, Wang D, Wang Y, Pan Y, Chen L, Wang W, Tian Y. Dysbiosis of Oral Microbiota and Metabolite Profiles Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0379622. [PMID: 36625596 PMCID: PMC9927158 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03796-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Several previous studies have shown that oral microbial disorders may be closely related to the occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, whether the function of oral microorganisms and their metabolites have changed in patients with T2DM who have not suffered from any oral diseases has not been reported. We performed metagenomic analyses and nontargeted metabolic analysis of saliva and supragingival plaque samples from patients with T2DM who have not suffered any oral diseases and normal controls. We found that periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella melaninogenica were significantly enriched, while the abundances of dental caries pathogens such as Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus were not significantly different in patients with T2DM compared to those in normal controls. Metabolomic analyses showed that the salivary levels of cadaverine and L-(+)-leucine of patients with T2DM were significantly higher than those of normal controls, while the supragingival plaque levels of N-acetyldopamine and 3,4-dimethylbenzoic acid in patients with T2DM were significantly higher than those in the normal controls. Additionally, we identified the types of oral microorganisms related to the changes in the levels of circulating metabolites, and the oral microorganisms were involved in the dysregulation of harmful metabolites such as cadaverine and n, n-dimethylarginine. Overall, our study first described the changes in the composition of oral microorganisms and their metabolites in patients with T2DM who have not suffered any oral diseases, which will provide a direct basis for finding oral biomarkers for early warning of oral diseases in T2DM. IMPORTANCE The incidence of oral diseases in type 2 diabetic patients might increase, and the severity might also be more serious. At present, the relationship between oral microorganisms and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a hot topic in systemic health research. However, whether the function of oral microorganisms and their metabolites have changed in patients with T2DM who have not suffered from any oral diseases has not been reported. We found that even if the oral condition of T2DM is healthy, their oral microbes and metabolites have changed, thus increasing the risk of periodontal disease. Our study first described the changes in the composition of oral microorganisms and their metabolites in T2DM who have not suffered any oral diseases and revealed the correlation between oral microorganisms and their metabolites, which will provide a direct basis for finding oral biomarkers for early warning of oral diseases in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaogang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yating Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
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23
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Deandra FA, Ketherin K, Rachmasari R, Sulijaya B, Takahashi N. Probiotics and metabolites regulate the oral and gut microbiome composition as host modulation agents in periodontitis: A narrative review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13475. [PMID: 36820037 PMCID: PMC9937986 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is defined as an oral bacterial dysbiosis-induced persistent inflammation on dental supporting tissue resulting in periodontal tissue breakdown and alveolar bone destruction. The disease is initiated by the interaction between periodontopathogens and the host immune system. Its development and severity can be associated with several systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Moreover, the latest research has suggested that the oral and gut microbiome hypothesis lays the oral and systemic connection mechanism. Bacterial homeostasis and restoration in the oral cavity and intestine become therapeutics concepts. Concerning the treatment of periodontitis, a local inflammatory condition, prolonged systemic administration of antibiotics is no longer recommended due to bacterial resistance issues. Probiotics and several bioactive metabolites have been widely investigated to address the needs of host modulation therapy in periodontitis. Evidence suggests that the use of probiotics helps downregulate the inflammation process through the regulation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the production of fatty acid, targeting reactive oxygen species (ROS). In brief, several herbals have anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Consistently, improvement of periodontal pocket depth (PPD) and gingival index (GI) was seen in a group given melatonin as an adjunct treatment. In all, this review will highlight host modulation agents regarding periodontitis therapy, plausible mechanisms on how probiotics and metabolites work on periodontal restoration, and their reported studies. Limitations given by published studies will be elaborated, while future directions will be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathia Agzarine Deandra
- Postgraduate Program in Periodontology, Department of Periodontology, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ketherin Ketherin
- Postgraduate Program in Periodontology, Department of Periodontology, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rieska Rachmasari
- Postgraduate Program in Periodontology, Department of Periodontology, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Benso Sulijaya
- Department of Periodontology, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia,Dental Division, Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Depok, West Java, Indonesia,Corresponding author. Department of Periodontology, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Naoki Takahashi
- Division of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Japan
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24
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Lu Y, Li Z, Peng X. Regulatory effects of oral microbe on intestinal microbiota and the illness. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1093967. [PMID: 36816583 PMCID: PMC9928999 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1093967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the association between oral health, intestinal microbiota, and systemic diseases has been further validated. Some oral microbial species have been isolated from pathological intestine mucosa or feces and identified as biomarkers for intestinal diseases. A small proportion of oral microbiome passes through or colonizes the lower gastrointestinal tract, even in healthy individuals. Opportunistic pathogens from the oral cavity may expand and participate in the occurrence and progression of intestinal diseases when the anatomical barrier is disrupted. These disruptors interact with the intestinal microbiota, disturbing indigenous microorganisms, and mucosal barriers through direct colonization, blood circulation, or derived metabolite pathways. While interacting with the host's immune system, oral-derived pathogens stimulate inflammation responses and guide the transition of the intestinal microenvironment from a healthy state to a pre-disease state. Therefore, the oral-gut microbiome axis sheds light on new clinical therapy options, and gastrointestinal tract ecology balance necessitates simultaneous consideration of both oral and gut microbiomes. This review summarizes possible routes of oral microbes entering the intestine and the effects of certain oral bacteria on intestinal microbiota and the host's immune responses.
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25
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Maki KA, Wolff B, Varuzza L, Green SJ, Barb JJ. Multi-amplicon microbiome data analysis pipelines for mixed orientation sequences using QIIME2: Assessing reference database, variable region and pre-processing bias in classification of mock bacterial community samples. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280293. [PMID: 36638095 PMCID: PMC9838852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiome research relies on next-generation sequencing and on downstream data analysis workflows. Several manufacturers have introduced multi-amplicon kits for microbiome characterization, improving speciation, but present unique challenges for analysis. The goal of this methodology study was to develop two analysis pipelines specific to mixed-orientation reads from multi-hypervariable (V) region amplicons. A secondary aim was to assess agreement with expected abundance, considering database and variable region. Mock community sequence data (n = 41) generated using the Ion16S™ Metagenomics Kit and Ion Torrent Sequencing Platform were analyzed using two workflows. Amplicons from V2, V3, V4, V6-7, V8 and V9 were deconvoluted using a specialized plugin based on CutPrimers. A separate workflow using Cutadapt is also presented. Three reference databases (Ribosomal Database Project, Greengenes and Silva) were used for taxonomic assignment. Bray-Curtis, Euclidean and Jensen-Shannon distance measures were used to evaluate overall annotation consistency, and specific taxon agreement was determined by calculating the ratio of observed to expected relative abundance. Reads that mapped to regions V2-V9 varied for both CutPrimers and Cutadapt-based methods. Within the CutPrimers-based pipeline, V3 amplicons had the best agreement with the expected distribution, tested using global distance measures, while V9 amplicons had the worst agreement. Accurate taxonomic annotation varied by genus-level taxon and V region analyzed. For the first time, we present a microbiome analysis pipeline that employs a specialized plugin to allow microbiome researchers to separate multi-amplicon data from the Ion16S Metagenomics Kit into V-specific reads. We also present an additional analysis workflow, modified for Ion Torrent mixed orientation reads. Overall, the global agreement of amplicons with the expected mock community abundances differed across V regions and reference databases. Benchmarking data should be referenced when planning a microbiome study to consider these biases related to sequencing and data analysis for multi-amplicon sequencing kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Maki
- Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Brian Wolff
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | | | - Stefan J. Green
- Genomics and Microbiome Core Facility, Rush University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Jennifer J. Barb
- Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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26
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Maki KA, Ganesan SM, Meeks B, Farmer N, Kazmi N, Barb JJ, Joseph PV, Wallen GR. The role of the oral microbiome in smoking-related cardiovascular risk: a review of the literature exploring mechanisms and pathways. J Transl Med 2022; 20:584. [PMID: 36503487 PMCID: PMC9743777 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03785-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Oral health is associated with smoking and cardiovascular outcomes, but there are gaps in knowledge of many mechanisms connecting smoking to cardiovascular risk. Therefore, the aim of this review is to synthesize literature on smoking and the oral microbiome, and smoking and cardiovascular risk/disease, respectively. A secondary aim is to identify common associations between the oral microbiome and cardiovascular risk/disease to smoking, respectively, to identify potential shared oral microbiome-associated mechanisms. We identified several oral bacteria across varying studies that were associated with smoking. Atopobium, Gemella, Megasphaera, Mycoplasma, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Rothia, Treponema, and Veillonella were increased, while Bergeyella, Haemophilus, Lautropia, and Neisseria were decreased in the oral microbiome of smokers versus non-smokers. Several bacteria that were increased in the oral microbiome of smokers were also positively associated with cardiovascular outcomes including Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Treponema, and Veillonella. We review possible mechanisms that may link the oral microbiome to smoking and cardiovascular risk including inflammation, modulation of amino acids and lipids, and nitric oxide modulation. Our hope is this review will inform future research targeting the microbiome and smoking-related cardiovascular disease so possible microbial targets for cardiovascular risk reduction can be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Maki
- grid.410305.30000 0001 2194 5650Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Sukirth M. Ganesan
- grid.214572.70000 0004 1936 8294Department of Periodontics, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, 801 Newton Rd., Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Brianna Meeks
- grid.411024.20000 0001 2175 4264University of Maryland, School of Social Work, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Nicole Farmer
- grid.410305.30000 0001 2194 5650Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Narjis Kazmi
- grid.410305.30000 0001 2194 5650Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Jennifer J. Barb
- grid.410305.30000 0001 2194 5650Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Paule V. Joseph
- grid.420085.b0000 0004 0481 4802National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA ,grid.280738.60000 0001 0035 9863National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Gwenyth R. Wallen
- grid.410305.30000 0001 2194 5650Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
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27
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Wang H, Yang M, Cheng S, Ren Y, Deng Y, Liang J, Lin X, Li J, Yin J, Wu Q. The Spouses of Stroke Patients Have a Similar Oral Microbiome to Their Partners with an Elevated Risk of Stroke. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2288. [PMID: 36422358 PMCID: PMC9697374 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Spousal members who share no genetic relatedness show similar oral microbiomes. Whether a shared microbiome increases the risk of cerebrovascular disease is challenging to investigate. The aim of this study was to compare the oral microbiota composition of poststroke patients, their partners, and controls and to compare the risk of stroke between partners of poststroke patients and controls. Forty-seven pairs of spouses and 34 control subjects were recruited for the study. Alcohol use, smoking, metabolic disease history, clinical test results, and oral health were documented. Oral microbiome samples were measured by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The risk of stroke was measured by risk factor assessment (RFA) and the Framingham Stroke Profile (FSP). Poststroke patients and their partners exhibited higher alpha diversity than controls. Principal-coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed that poststroke patients share a more similar microbiota composition with their partners than controls. The differentially abundant microbial taxa among the 3 groups were identified by linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis. The risk factor assessment indicated that partners of poststroke patients had a higher risk of stroke than controls. Spearman correlation analysis showed that Prevotellaceae was negatively associated with RFA. Lactobacillales was negatively associated with FSP, while Campilobacterota and [Eubacterium]_nodatum_group were positively associated with FSP. These results suggest that stroke risk may be transmissible between spouses through the oral microbiome, in which several bacteria might be involved in the pathogenesis of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Mengjia Yang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Sanping Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yueran Ren
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yiting Deng
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jingru Liang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaofei Lin
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jie Li
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jia Yin
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qiheng Wu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Kurtzman GM, Horowitz RA, Johnson R, Prestiano RA, Klein BI. The systemic oral health connection: Biofilms. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30517. [PMID: 36401454 PMCID: PMC9678577 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequently, periodontal health and it's associated oral biofilm has not been addressed in those patients who have systemic health issues, especially those who are not responding to medical treatment via their physician. Oral biofilm may be present in the periodontal sulcus in the absence of clinical disease of periodontal disease (bleeding on probing, gingival inflammation) and periodontal reaction is dependent on the patient's immune response to the associated bacterial and their byproducts. Increasing evidence has been emerging the past decade connecting oral biofilm with systemic conditions, either initiating them or complicating those medical conditions. The patient's health needs to be thought of as a whole-body system with connections that may originate in the oral cavity and have distant affects throughout the body. To maximize total health, a coordination in healthcare needs to be a symbiosis between the physician and dentist to eliminate the oral biofilm and aid in prevention of systemic disease or minimize those effects to improve the patient's overall health and quality of life. Various areas of systemic health have been associated with the bacteria and their byproducts in the oral biofilm. Those include cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, pulmonary disease, prostate cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, pre-term pregnancy, erectile dysfunction Alzheimer's disease and Rheumatoid arthritis. This article will discuss oral biofilm, its affects systemically and review the medical conditions associated with the oral systemic connection with an extensive review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert A. Horowitz
- Private periodontal practice Scarsdale, New York, USA
- Adjunct Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry
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Chen L, Xu X, Wu X, Cao H, Li X, Hou Z, Wang B, Liu J, Ji X, Zhang P, Li H. A comparison of the composition and functions of the oral and gut microbiotas in Alzheimer’s patients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:942460. [PMID: 36093178 PMCID: PMC9448892 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.942460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Alterations in the oral or gut microbiotas have been reported in patients with subjective and mild cognitive impairment or AD dementia. However, whether these microbiotas change with the severity of the AD spectrum (mild, moderate, and severe AD) remains unknown. Thus, we compared alterations in the composition and gene functions of the oral and gut microbiota between different phases of AD. Methods We recruited 172 individuals and classified these into three groups: healthy controls (n = 40), a mild AD group (n = 43) and a moderate AD group (n = 89). Subgingival plaques and fecal samples were collected from all individuals. Then, we conducted 16S ribosomal RNA. sequencing to analyze the microbiotas. Results In order of the severity of cognition impairment (from normal to mild and to moderate AD), the oral abundances of the phyla Firmicutes and Fusobacteria showed a gradual upwards trend, while the abundance of the Proteobacteria phylum gradually decreased. In contrast, the abundance of the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla in the gut decreased progressively, while that of the Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and Actinobacteria phyla increased gradually. Key differences were identified in the microbiomes when compared between the mild AD and moderate AD groups when applying the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) algorithm. LEfSe analysis revealed alterations that were similar to those described above; furthermore, different bacterial taxa were associated with MMSE scores and age. KEGG analysis showed that the functional pathways associated with the oral microbiota were mainly involved in membrane transport and carbohydrate metabolism, while the gene functions of the fecal microbiota related to metabolism of amino acids, energy, cofactors and vitamins; identified significant differences among the three groups. Venn diagram analysis revealed that the number of genera that were present in both the oral and gut microbiota increased progressively from NC to mild AD and then to moderate AD. Conclusions This study is the first to report a comparative analysis of the oral and fecal microbiota of patients with mild and moderate AD. The compositions and functions of the oral and gut microbiotas differed when compared between different stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Chen
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Nursing Department, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Xu
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huizhen Cao
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Nursing Department, Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiuli Li
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyi Hou
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bixia Wang
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinxiu Liu
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinli Ji
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Nursing Department, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Li,
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Jeon JH, Lourenco JM, Fagan MM, Welch CB, Sneed SE, Dubrof S, Duberstein KJ, Callaway TR, West FD, Park HJ. Changes in Oral Microbial Diversity in a Piglet Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12081111. [PMID: 36009173 PMCID: PMC9405691 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12081111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic changes in the oral microbiome have gained attention due to their potential diagnostic role in neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in the United States, but no studies have examined the changes in oral microbiome during the acute stage of TBI using a clinically translational pig model. Crossbred piglets (4-5 weeks old, male) underwent either a controlled cortical impact (TBI, n = 6) or sham surgery (sham, n = 6). The oral microbiome parameters were quantified from the upper and lower gingiva, both buccal mucosa, and floor of the mouth pre-surgery and 1, 3, and 7 days post-surgery (PS) using the 16S rRNA gene. Faith's phylogenetic diversity was significantly lower in the TBI piglets at 7 days PS compared to those of sham, and beta diversity at 1, 3, and 7 days PS was significantly different between TBI and sham piglets. However, no significant changes in the taxonomic composition of the oral microbiome were observed following TBI compared to sham. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential diagnostic role of the oral microbiome during the chronic stage of TBI with a larger number of subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Heejin Jeon
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jeferson M. Lourenco
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Madison M. Fagan
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Christina B. Welch
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Sydney E. Sneed
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Stephanie Dubrof
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kylee J. Duberstein
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Todd R. Callaway
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Franklin D. West
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Hea Jin Park
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Correspondence:
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Jiao J, Zheng Y, Zhang Q, Xia D, Zhang L, Ma N. Saliva microbiome changes in thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules patients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:989188. [PMID: 36034695 PMCID: PMC9403763 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.989188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Thyroid disease has been reported to associate with gut microbiota, but the effects of thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules on the oral microbiota are still largely unknown. This study aimed to identify the variation in salivary microbiota and their potential association with thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules. Methods We used 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing to examine the salivary microbiota of thyroid cancer patients (n = 14), thyroid nodules patients (n = 9), and healthy controls (n = 15). Results The alpha-diversity indices Chao1 and ACE were found to be relatively higher in patients with thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules compared to healthy controls. The beta diversity in both the thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules groups was divergent from the healthy control group. The genera Alloprevotella, Anaeroglobus, Acinetobacter, unclassified Bacteroidales, and unclassified Cyanobacteriales were significantly enriched in the thyroid cancer group compared with the healthy control group. In contrast, the microbiome of the healthy controls was mainly composed of the genera Haemophilus, Lautropia, Allorhizobium Neorhizobium Pararhizobium Rhizobium, Escherichia Shigella, and unclassified Rhodobacteraceae. The thyroid nodules group was dominated by genre uncultured Candidatus Saccharibacteria bacterium, unclassified Clostridiales bacterium feline oral taxon 148, Treponema, unclassified Prevotellaceae, Mobiluncus, and Acholeplasma. In contrast, the genera unclassified Rhodobacteraceae and Aggregatibacter dominated the healthy control group. The study also found that clinical indicators were correlated with the saliva microbiome. Conclusion The salivary microbiota variation may be connected with thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Jiao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Youli Zheng
- The School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Degeng Xia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Ning Ma, ; Li Zhang,
| | - Ning Ma
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Ning Ma, ; Li Zhang,
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Agarwal K, Maki KA, Vizioli C, Carnell S, Goodman E, Hurley M, Harris C, Colwell R, Steele K, Joseph PV. The Neuro-Endo-Microbio-Ome Study: A Pilot Study of Neurobiological Alterations Pre- Versus Post-Bariatric Surgery. Biol Res Nurs 2022; 24:362-378. [PMID: 35426747 PMCID: PMC9343885 DOI: 10.1177/10998004221085976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plausible phenotype mechanisms following bariatric surgery include changes in neural and gastrointestinal physiology. This pilot study aims to investigate individual and combined neurologic, gut microbiome, and plasma hormone changes pre- versus post-vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), and medical weight loss (MWL). We hypothesized post-weight loss phenotype would be associated with changes in central reward system brain connectivity, differences in postprandial gut hormone responses, and increased gut microbiome diversity. METHODS Subjects included participants undergoing VSG, n = 7; RYGB, n = 9; and MWL, n = 6. Ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide-YY, gut microbiome, and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI; using fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations [fALFF]) were measured pre- and post-intervention in fasting and fed states. We explored phenotype characterization using clustering on gut hormone, microbiome, and rsfMRI datasets and a combined analysis. RESULTS We observed more widespread fALFF differences post-bariatric surgery versus post-MWL. Decreased post-prandial fALFF was seen in food reward regions post-RYGB. The highest number of microbial taxa that increased post-intervention occurred in the RYGB group, followed by VSG and MWL. The combined hormone, microbiome, and MRI dataset most accurately clustered samples into pre- versus post-VSG phenotypes followed by RYGB subjects. CONCLUSION The data suggest surgical weight loss (VSG and RYGB) has a bigger impact on brain and gut function versus MWL and leads to lesser post-prandial activation of food-related neural circuits. VSG subjects had the greatest phenotype differences in interactions of microbiome, rsfMRI, and gut hormone features, followed by RYGB and MWL. These results will inform future prospective research studying gut-brain changes post-bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushbu Agarwal
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and
Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katherine A. Maki
- Translational Biobehavioral and Health
Disparities Branch, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlotta Vizioli
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and
Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susan Carnell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral
Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ethan Goodman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral
Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew Hurley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral
Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Civonnia Harris
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rita Colwell
- CosmosID Inc., Rockville, MD, USA
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational
Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Advanced
Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kimberley Steele
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public
Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paule V. Joseph
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and
Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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A Study on Bacteria in Saliva of Autistic Children at Early Life. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm-123331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies have shown that oral bacteria are involved in the occurrence of some neurological diseases. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental disorder occurring in early life, is closely related to intestinal bacteria. At present, the role of the oral microbiota in ASD rarely remains unexplored. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the differences of bacteria in saliva between autistic and healthy children in early childhood and investigate whether there are any specific salivary bacteria serving as biomarkers of ASD. Methods: A total of 10 autistic children aged 2 - 6 years and 10 healthy children matched in age, gender, and region in China were involved in this study. 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequencing was employed to detect the disparities of bacteria in saliva between autistic children and healthy children. Moreover, the relationship between salivary differential bacteria and intestinal bacteria in autistic children was analyzed to screen out salivary differential bacteria that were unrelated to intestinal bacteria. Results: There were 14 bacteria in the saliva of children with autism, which were different from those of the control group (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the salivary Bacteroides fragilis had no apparent relationship with intestinal bacteria (P > 0.05); nevertheless, the rest of the differential bacteria in saliva were significantly related to intestinal bacteria. Conclusions: There were differential bacteria in the saliva of children with ASD and healthy controls, indicating that salivary bacteria might play a role in ASD. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to identify the pathogenesis of ASD.
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Li Z, Liu Y, Zhang L. Role of the microbiome in oral cancer occurrence, progression and therapy. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105638. [PMID: 35718272 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The oral cavity, like other digestive or mucosal sites, contains a site-specific microbiome that plays a significant role in maintaining health and homeostasis. Strictly speaking, the gastrointestinal tract starts from the oral cavity, with special attention paid to the specific flora of the oral cavity. In healthy people, the microbiome of the oral microenvironment is governed by beneficial bacteria, that benefit the host by symbiosis. When a microecological imbalance occurs, changes in immune and metabolic signals affect the characteristics of cancer, as well as chronic inflammation, disruption of the epithelial barrier, changes in cell proliferation and cell apoptosis, genomic instability, angiogenesis, and epithelial barrier destruction and metabolic regulation. These pathophysiological changes could result in oral cancer. Rising evidence suggests that oral dysbacteriosis and particular microbes may play a positive role in the evolution, development, progression, and metastasis of oral cancer, for instance, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) through direct or indirect action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrui Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China.
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China.
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China.
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Barb JJ, Maki KA, Kazmi N, Meeks BK, Krumlauf M, Tuason RT, Brooks AT, Ames NJ, Goldman D, Wallen GR. The oral microbiome in alcohol use disorder: a longitudinal analysis during inpatient treatment. J Oral Microbiol 2021; 14:2004790. [PMID: 34880965 PMCID: PMC8648028 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.2004790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alcohol use disorder (AUD)-induced disruption of oral microbiota can lead to poor oral health; there have been no studies published examining the longitudinal effects of alcohol use cessation on the oral microbiome. Aim To investigate the oral microbiome during alcohol cessation during inpatient treatment for AUD. Methods Up to 10 oral tongue brushings were collected from 22 AUD patients during inpatient treatment at the National Institutes of Health. Alcohol use history, smoking, and periodontal disease status were measured. Oral microbiome samples were sequenced using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results Alpha diversity decreased linearly during treatment across the entire cohort (P = 0.002). Alcohol preference was associated with changes in both alpha and beta diversity measures. Characteristic tongue dorsum genera from the Human Microbiome Project such as Streptococcus, Prevotella, Veillonella and Haemophilus were highly correlated in AUD. Oral health-associated genera that changed longitudinally during abstinence included Actinomyces, Capnocytophaga, Fusobacterium, Neisseria and Prevotella. Conclusion The oral microbiome in AUD is affected by alcohol preference. Patients with AUD often have poor oral health but abstinence and attention to oral care improve dysbiosis, decreasing microbiome diversity and periodontal disease-associated genera while improving acute oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Barb
- Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K A Maki
- Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - N Kazmi
- Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B K Meeks
- Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M Krumlauf
- Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R T Tuason
- Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A T Brooks
- Center for Scientific Review, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md, USA
| | - N J Ames
- National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D Goldman
- Office of the Clinical Director, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md, USA
| | - G R Wallen
- Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Abdelhafiz Y, Fernandes JMO, Stefani E, Albanese D, Donati C, Kiron V. Power Play of Commensal Bacteria in the Buccal Cavity of Female Nile Tilapia. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:773351. [PMID: 34867911 PMCID: PMC8636895 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.773351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish are widely exposed to higher microbial loads compared to land and air animals. It is known that the microbiome plays an essential role in the health and development of the host. The oral microbiome is vital in females of different organisms, including the maternal mouthbrooding species such as Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The present study reports for the first time the microbial composition in the buccal cavity of female and male Nile tilapia reared in a recirculating aquaculture system. Mucus samples were collected from the buccal cavity of 58 adult fish (∼1 kg), and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was used to profile the microbial communities in females and males. The analysis revealed that opportunistic pathogens such as Streptococcus sp. were less abundant in the female buccal cavity. The power play of certain bacteria such as Acinetobacter, Acidobacteria (GP4 and GP6), and Saccharibacteria that have known metabolic advantages was evident in females compared to males. Association networks inferred from relative abundances showed few microbe–microbe interactions of opportunistic pathogens in female fish. The findings of opportunistic bacteria and their interactions with other microbes will be valuable for improving Nile tilapia rearing practices. The presence of bacteria with specific functions in the buccal cavity of female fish points to their ability to create a protective microbial ecosystem for the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousri Abdelhafiz
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | | | - Erika Stefani
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Davide Albanese
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Claudio Donati
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Viswanath Kiron
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
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Assessing saliva microbiome collection and processing methods. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:81. [PMID: 34795298 PMCID: PMC8602330 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00254-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral microbiome has been connected with lung health and may be of significance in the progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Saliva-based SARS-CoV-2 tests provide the opportunity to leverage stored samples for assessing the oral microbiome. However, these collection kits have not been tested for their accuracy in measuring the oral microbiome. Saliva is highly enriched with human DNA and reducing it prior to shotgun sequencing may increase the depth of bacterial reads. We examined both the effect of saliva collection method and sequence processing on measurement of microbiome depth and diversity by 16S rRNA gene amplicon and shotgun metagenomics. We collected 56 samples from 22 subjects. Each subject provided saliva samples with and without preservative, and a subset provided a second set of samples the following day. 16S rRNA gene (V4) sequencing was performed on all samples, and shotgun metagenomics was performed on a subset of samples collected with preservative with and without human DNA depletion before sequencing. We observed that the beta diversity distances within subjects over time was smaller than between unrelated subjects, and distances within subjects were smaller in samples collected with preservative. Samples collected with preservative had higher alpha diversity measuring both richness and evenness. Human DNA depletion before extraction and shotgun sequencing yielded higher total and relative reads mapping to bacterial sequences. We conclude that collecting saliva with preservative may provide more consistent measures of the oral microbiome and depleting human DNA increases yield of bacterial sequences.
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38
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Suárez LJ, Arboleda S, Angelov N, Arce RM. Oral Versus Gastrointestinal Mucosal Immune Niches in Homeostasis and Allostasis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:705206. [PMID: 34290715 PMCID: PMC8287884 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.705206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Different body systems (epidermis, respiratory tract, cornea, oral cavity, and gastrointestinal tract) are in continuous direct contact with innocuous and/or potentially harmful external agents, exhibiting dynamic and highly selective interaction throughout the epithelia, which function as both a physical and chemical protective barrier. Resident immune cells in the epithelia are constantly challenged and must distinguish among antigens that must be either tolerated or those to which a response must be mounted for. When such a decision begins to take place in lymphoid foci and/or mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues, the epithelia network of immune surveillance actively dominates both oral and gastrointestinal compartments, which are thought to operate in the same immune continuum. However, anatomical variations clearly differentiate immune processes in both the mouth and gastrointestinal tract that demonstrate a wide array of independent immune responses. From single vs. multiple epithelia cell layers, widespread cell-to-cell junction types, microbial-associated recognition receptors, dendritic cell function as well as related signaling, the objective of this review is to specifically contrast the current knowledge of oral versus gut immune niches in the context of epithelia/lymphoid foci/MALT local immunity and systemic output. Related differences in 1) anatomy 2) cell-to-cell communication 3) antigen capture/processing/presentation 4) signaling in regulatory vs. proinflammatory responses and 5) systemic output consequences and its relations to disease pathogenesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina J Suárez
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Medicina Oral, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Silie Arboleda
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nikola Angelov
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Roger M Arce
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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Byrd KM, Gulati AS. The "Gum-Gut" Axis in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Hypothesis-Driven Review of Associations and Advances. Front Immunol 2021; 12:620124. [PMID: 33679761 PMCID: PMC7933581 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.620124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern medicine, the oral cavity has often been viewed as a passive conduit to the upper airways and gastrointestinal tract; however, its connection to the rest of the body has been increasingly explored over the last 40 years. For several diseases, the periodontium and gingiva are at the center of this oral-systemic link. Over 50 systemic conditions have been specifically associated with gingival and periodontal inflammation, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which have recently been elevated from simple "associations" to elegant, mechanistic investigations. IBD and periodontitis have been reported to impact each other's progression via a bidirectional relationship whereby chronic oral or intestinal inflammation can impact the other; however, the precise mechanisms for how this occurs remain unclear. Classically, the etiology of gingival inflammation (gingivitis) is oral microbial dysbiosis in the subgingival crevice that can lead to destructive periodontal disease (periodontitis); however, the current understanding of gingival involvement in IBD is that it may represent a separate disease entity from classical gingivitis, arising from mechanisms related to systemic inflammatory activation of niche-resident immune cells. Synthesizing available evidence, we hypothesize that once established, IBD can be driven by microbiomial and inflammatory changes originating specifically from the gingival niche through saliva, thereby worsening IBD outcomes and thus perpetuating a vicious cycle. In this review, we introduce the concept of the "gum-gut axis" as a framework for examining this reciprocal relationship between the periodontium and the gastrointestinal tract. To support and explore this gum-gut axis, we 1) provide a narrative review of historical studies reporting gingival and periodontal manifestations in IBD, 2) describe the current understanding and advances for the gum-gut axis, and 3) underscore the importance of collaborative treatment and research plans between oral and GI practitioners to benefit this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Byrd
- Division of Oral & Craniofacial Health Sciences, University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Innovation & Technology Research, ADA Science & Research Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Ajay S. Gulati
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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