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Eaton M, Probst Y, Foster T, Messore J, Robinson L. A systematic review of observational studies exploring the relationship between health and non-weight-centric eating behaviours. Appetite 2024; 199:107361. [PMID: 38643903 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Eating behaviour that does not centralise weight, otherwise known as weight-neutral, is associated with improved physical and psychological health, and greater health promoting behaviours. However, consolidated evidence is lacking. This study aimed to systematically evaluate 'health-centric' eating behaviour reflective of weight-neutral approaches, and their relationship with health (physical and mental) and health promoting behaviours. A systematic search was performed, identifying observational studies with adult populations, ≥1 physical/mental health outcome(s), and ≥1 validated measure(s) of health-centric eating behaviour. Study design, sample characteristics and outcomes were extracted and characterised into four domains. Our search identified 8281 records, with 86 studies, 75 unique datasets, and 78 unique exposures including 94,710 individuals. Eating behaviours included intuitive eating (n = 48), mindful eating (n = 19), and eating competence (n = 11). There were 298 outcomes identified for body composition, size, and physical health (n = 116), mental health and wellbeing (n = 123), health promoting behaviours (n = 51) and other eating behaviour (n = 8). Higher levels of intuitive eating, mindful eating and eating competence were significantly related to a lower BMI, better diet quality and greater physical activity. Higher intuitive and mindful eating were significantly related to lower levels of disordered eating, and depressive symptoms, and greater body image, self-compassion, and mindfulness. Greater eating competence and intuitive eating were significantly related to higher fruit and vegetable intake, and greater eating competence to higher fibre intake and better sleep quality. Our results demonstrate that 'health-centric' eating behaviours are related to a range of favourable health outcomes and engagement in health promoting behaviours. These findings help to enhance our understanding of eating behaviours that do not centre around body weight, providing support for health-centric eating behaviour in healthcare. Future research should focus on intervention studies and more diverse population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Eaton
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.
| | - Yasmine Probst
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Tiarna Foster
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Julia Messore
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Laura Robinson
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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2
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Houminer Klepar N, Davidovitch N, Dopelt K. Emotional Eating among College Students in Israel: A Study during Times of War. Foods 2024; 13:1347. [PMID: 38731720 PMCID: PMC11083260 DOI: 10.3390/foods13091347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Emotional eating, the act of consuming food to cope with negative emotions rather than responding to hunger cues, can lead to overeating in an attempt to regulate and alleviate these emotions. This study aimed to assess emotional eating among college students in Israel, specifically during times of war, which present unique and heightened stressors that accumulate on top. A total of 575 participants from the Ashkelon Academic College completed an online questionnaire examining background information, stress levels, and emotional eating symptoms. Our findings indicate that factors, such as being female, not having children, younger age, lower body satisfaction, higher BMI, and increased stress, are predictors of heightened emotional eating. These results highlight risk factors predisposing college students to engage in emotional eating. Developing targeted interventions, particularly campus-based programs to address emotional eating by promoting healthy coping strategies, a positive body image, and stress management skills is needed. In addition, raising awareness concerning emotional eating risks during challenging life transitions and distressing situations is necessary. The college leadership, led by the departments of Nutrition, Psychology, and Public Health, in collaboration with stakeholders in the Israeli Ministry of Health, must consider the mental effects of war on students and their involvement in emotional eating.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadav Davidovitch
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Guilford Glazer Faculty of Business and Management and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Keren Dopelt
- Department of Public Health, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon 78211, Israel
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Guilford Glazer Faculty of Business and Management and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
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3
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Fansa S, Acosta A. The melanocortin-4 receptor pathway and the emergence of precision medicine in obesity management. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26 Suppl 2:46-63. [PMID: 38504134 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, there has been a global surge in the prevalence of obesity, rendering it a globally recognized epidemic. Contrary to simply being a medical condition, obesity is an intricate disease with a multifactorial aetiology. Understanding the precise cause of obesity remains a challenge; nevertheless, there seems to be a complex interplay among biological, psychosocial and behavioural factors. Studies on the genetic factors of obesity have revealed several pathways in the brain that play a crucial role in food intake regulation. The best characterized pathway, thus far, is the leptin-melanocortin pathway, from which disruptions are responsible for the majority of monogenic obesity disorders. The effectiveness of conservative lifestyle interventions in addressing monogenic obesity has been limited. Therefore, it is crucial to complement the management strategy with pharmacological and surgical options. Emphasis has been placed on developing drugs aimed at replacing the absent signals, with the goal of restoring the pathway. In both monogenic and polygenic forms of obesity, outcomes differ across various interventions, likely due to the multifaceted nature of the disease. This underscores the need to explore alternative therapeutic strategies that can mitigate this heterogeneity. Precision medicine can be regarded as a powerful tool that can address this concern, as it values the understanding of the underlying abnormality triggering the disease and provides a tailored treatment accordingly. This would assist in optimizing outcomes of the current therapeutic approaches and even aid in the development of novel treatments capable of more effectively managing the global obesity epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Fansa
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andres Acosta
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Pizzoli SFM, Rabarbari E, Scerrati E, Riva G. Enhancing Emotion Regulation Through Arousal Modulation with Modal and Amodal Virtual Food Representations. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2024; 27:294-296. [PMID: 38652898 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2024.92201.ceu] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Francesca Maria Pizzoli
- Humane Technology Laboratory, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Rabarbari
- Humane Technology Laboratory, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Scerrati
- Humane Technology Laboratory, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- Humane Technology Laboratory, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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5
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Buli BG, Lehtinen-Jacks S, Larm P, Nilsson KW, Hellström-Olsson C, Giannotta F. Trends in psychosomatic symptoms among adolescents and the role of lifestyle factors. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:878. [PMID: 38515098 PMCID: PMC10958834 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent mental health problems are on the rise globally, including in Sweden. One indicator of this trend is increased psychosomatic symptoms (PSS) over time. Lifestyle factors such as physical activity (PA), diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption may influence the time trends in PSS; however, the evidence base is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between time trends in PSS and lifestyle factors. METHODS The study was based on data collected from a nationally representative sample of 9,196 fifteen-year-old boys and girls in Sweden using the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) symptom checklist. The sample comprised nearly equal proportions of girls (50.5%) and boys. The lifestyle factors examined in this study included PA, regular breakfast intake, consumption of fruits, vegetables, sweets, or soft drinks, smoking, and alcohol drunkenness. We used data from 2002 to 2018 and stratified by family affluence scale (FAS) to demonstrate how the associations varied among the FAS groups. We fitted separate regression models for the high- and low-FAS groups, where interaction terms between the year of survey and each lifestyle factor were used to estimate the level and direction of associations between the factors and trends in PSS. RESULTS There was a generally increasing trend in PSS mean scores from 2.26 in 2002 to 2.49 in 2018 (p <.001). The changes in each survey year compared to the average mean scores during the preceding years were significant in all years except 2010. Regular breakfast intake, daily fruit and vegetable consumption, and higher PA were associated with lower PSS mean scores, while smoking and drunkenness had opposite associations with PSS. The only significant interaction between survey year and the lifestyle factors was observed regarding drunkenness in the high FAS group, suggesting that the association between trends in PSS and the experience of getting drunk at least twice got stronger over time (B = 0.057; CI:0.016, 0.097; p <.01). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate increasing trends in PSS among young people in Sweden from 2002 to 2018, with a significant increase observed among adolescents in the high FAS group who reported getting drunk on at least two occasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benti Geleta Buli
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Mälardalen University, 721 23, Västerås, Box 883, Sweden.
| | - Susanna Lehtinen-Jacks
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Mälardalen University, 721 23, Västerås, Box 883, Sweden
| | - Peter Larm
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kent W Nilsson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Mälardalen University, 721 23, Västerås, Box 883, Sweden
- Center for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västmanland County Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Fabrizia Giannotta
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Mälardalen University, 721 23, Västerås, Box 883, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Wu YK, Pacchioni TG, Gehi AK, Fitzgerald KE, Tailor DV. Emotional Eating and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the Police Force: The Carolina Blue Project. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:332. [PMID: 38541330 PMCID: PMC10970079 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21030332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
There is an association between emotional eating and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors; however, little is known about this association in the police force. This study explores the associations between emotional eating and CVD risk factors in law enforcement officers in North Carolina. Four hundred and five officers completed The Emotional Eating Scale, and 221 of them completed the assessment for CVD-related markers. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Emotional eating in response to anger was significantly positively associated with body weight (β = 1.51, t = 2.07, p = 0.04), diastolic blood pressure (β = 0.83, t = 2.18, p = 0.03), and mean arterial pressure (β = 0.84, t = 2.19, p = 0.03) after adjusting for age and use of blood pressure medicine. Emotional eating in response to depression was significantly positively associated with triglycerides (β = 5.28, t = 2.49, p = 0.02), while the emotional eating in response to anxiety was significantly negatively associated with triglycerides (β = -11.42, t = -2.64, p = 0.01), after adjusting for age and use of cholesterol medicine. Our findings offer new insights to address emotional eating and lower CVD risk in law enforcement officers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ke Wu
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Tany G. Pacchioni
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Anil K. Gehi
- Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Katherine E. Fitzgerald
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Divya V. Tailor
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
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7
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Üngüren E, Tekin ÖA. The relationship between workplace toxicity, stress, physical activity and emotional eating. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2024; 30:215-223. [PMID: 38012073 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2023.2288779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the relationship between perceived workplace toxicity and stress of employees in the hospitality industry and emotional eating behaviors within the context of their physical activity levels. A cross-sectional design from amongst the quantitative research methods was used, in which data were collected via questionnaires from 846 participants who work in five-star hotels in Alanya, Turkey. The study concluded that workplace toxicity positively predicts stress and emotional eating, and the impact of workplace toxicity on emotional eating occurs via stress. Furthermore, physical activity plays a moderating role in the effect of workplace toxicity and stress on emotional eating. As employees' physical activity levels drop, the effect of both stress and workplace toxicity on emotional eating significantly increases. These results reveal that physical activity buffers the negative effects of workplace toxicity and stress on emotional eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engin Üngüren
- Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya/Turkey
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8
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Chen J, Fan Y, Zhang M, Wu S, Li H. The neural model of front-of-package label processing. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:374-388. [PMID: 37604108 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Front-of-package (FOP) labels have been adopted in many countries to battle the obesity pandemic and its serious health consequences by providing clearer and easier-to-understand nutrition and health information. The effectiveness of FOP labels has been generally confirmed, with some contextual and individual factors modifying their effectiveness. Existing theories (eg, the dual-process theory) and shifting priorities for self-control, provide some explanations for the FOP label effect. However, the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying the processing of FOP labels remain unknown. Here, a new model, namely, the neural model of FOP label processing, has been proposed to fill this gap by providing an integrated account of FOP label processing while simultaneously considering multiple important situational and individual factors in the same framework. This neural model is built on the core eating network (ie, the ventral reward pathway and the dorsal control pathway) for food cue processing and actual food consumption. The new model explains how FOP labels may facilitate attention, influence the core eating network, and thus alter food choices. It also demonstrates how motivation may modify FOP label processing in 2 ways: affecting attention (the indirect way) and changing the process of evaluating the food (the direct way). It further explains how some contextual and individual factors (eg, ego depletion, time pressure, and health knowledge) influence the process. Thus, the neural model integrates evidence from behavioral, eye-tracking, and neuroimaging studies into a single, integrated account, deepening understanding of the cognitive and neural mechanisms of FOP label processing. This model might facilitate consensus on the most successful FOP label. Moreover, it could provide insights for consumers, food industries, and policy makers and encourage healthy eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yixuan Fan
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Manlu Zhang
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuhuan Wu
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huiyan Li
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
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9
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Mueller J, Ahern AL, Jones RA, Sharp SJ, Davies A, Zuckerman A, Perry BI, Khandaker GM, Rolfe EDL, Wareham NJ, Rennie KL. The relationship of within-individual and between-individual variation in mental health with bodyweight: An exploratory longitudinal study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295117. [PMID: 38198439 PMCID: PMC10781195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor mental health is associated with obesity, but existing studies are either cross-sectional or have long time periods between measurements of mental health and weight. It is, therefore, unclear how small fluctuations in mental wellbeing within individuals predict bodyweight over short time periods, e.g. within the next month. Studying this could identify modifiable determinants of weight changes and highlight opportunities for early intervention. METHODS 2,133 UK adults from a population-based cohort completed monthly mental health and weight measurements using a mobile app over a period of 6-9 months. We used random intercept regression models to examine longitudinal associations of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and stress with subsequent weight. In sub-group analyses, we included interaction terms of mental health variables with baseline characteristics. Mental health variables were split into "between-individual" measurements (= the participant's median score across all timepoints) and "within-individual" measurements (at each timepoint, the difference between the participant's current score and their median). RESULTS Within-individual variation in depressive symptoms predicted subsequent weight (0.045kg per unit of depressive symptom severity, 95% CI 0.021-0.069). We found evidence of a moderation effect of baseline BMI on the association between within-individual fluctuation in depressive symptoms and subsequent weight: The association was only apparent in those with overweight/obesity, and it was stronger in those with obesity than those with overweight (BMI<25kg/m2: 0.011kg per unit of depressive symptom severity [95% CI -0.017 to 0.039]; BMI 25-29.9kg/m2: 0.052kg per unit of depressive symptom severity [95%CI 0.010-0.094kg]; BMI≥30kg/m2: 0.071kg per unit of depressive symptom severity [95%CI 0.013-0.129kg]). We found no evidence for other interactions, associations of stress and anxiety with weight, or for a reverse direction of association. CONCLUSION In this exploratory study, individuals with overweight or obesity were more vulnerable to weight gain following higher-than-usual (for that individual) depressive symptoms than individuals with a BMI<25kg/m2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Mueller
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Amy L. Ahern
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca A. Jones
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Sharp
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Davies
- Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Arabella Zuckerman
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin I. Perry
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Golam M. Khandaker
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Emanuella De Lucia Rolfe
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nick J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsten L. Rennie
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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10
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Sanz-Martín D, Zurita-Ortega F, Melguizo-Ibáñez E, Alonso-Vargas JM, Caracuel-Cáliz R, Ubago-Jiménez JL. Physical Activity Time, Alcohol Consumption, Mediterranean Diet, and Anxiety in Education Science Students. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 14:87-102. [PMID: 38248126 PMCID: PMC10813882 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Student lifestyles change during university. This research aimed to classify university students according to their levels of physical activity, alcohol consumption, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and anxiety and studied the relationships between the variables using a multigroup equation model according to gender. The sample was composed of 549 participants (M = 23.06; S.D. = 6.22), of whom 409 were women and 140 were men. Validated and adapted instruments such as the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the PREDIMED Questionnaire, and the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test were used. The data revealed four clusters through Ward's method and the k-means method. Regarding the exploratory model, differences were found in the effects of the variables according to sex. In conclusion, alcohol consumption was positively associated with the Mediterranean diet, and physical activity was negatively associated with the Mediterranean diet and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sanz-Martín
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Universidad Isabel I, 09003 Burgos, Spain;
| | - Félix Zurita-Ortega
- Department of Didactics Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.Z.-O.); (J.M.A.-V.); (J.L.U.-J.)
| | - Eduardo Melguizo-Ibáñez
- Department of Didactics Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.Z.-O.); (J.M.A.-V.); (J.L.U.-J.)
| | - José Manuel Alonso-Vargas
- Department of Didactics Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.Z.-O.); (J.M.A.-V.); (J.L.U.-J.)
| | - Rafael Caracuel-Cáliz
- Faculty of Education Science, Universidad Internacional de Valencia (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain;
| | - José Luis Ubago-Jiménez
- Department of Didactics Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.Z.-O.); (J.M.A.-V.); (J.L.U.-J.)
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11
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Ha OR, Lim SL. The role of emotion in eating behavior and decisions. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1265074. [PMID: 38130967 PMCID: PMC10733500 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1265074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The present paper aims to provide the latest perspectives and future directions on the association between emotions and eating behavior. We discussed individual differences in the impact of negative emotions on eating, emotional eating as disinhibited eating decisions with heightened reward values of and sensitivity to palatable foods in response to negative emotions and social isolation, in addition to emotional eating as maladaptive coping strategies under negative emotion and stress, hedonic (pleasure-oriented) eating decisions mediated by the brain reward system, and self-controlled (health-oriented) eating decisions mediated by the brain control system. Perspectives on future directions were addressed, including the development of early eating phenotypes in infancy, shared neural mechanisms mediated by the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in emotion and eating decision regulation, possible roles of interoception incorporating hunger and satiety signals, gut microbiome, the insula and the orbitofrontal cortex, and emotional processing capacities in hedonic eating and weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seung-Lark Lim
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri – Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
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12
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Levy S, Cohen N, Weinbach N. Negative and positive interpretations of emotionally neutral situations modulate the desire to eat personally craved foods. Appetite 2023; 191:107092. [PMID: 37852375 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Emotions play an important role in modulating food craving. Previous studies demonstrated that exposure to negative or positive stimuli can subsequently influence the desire to eat. However, in many daily situations, individuals self-generate their emotions, for example, by interpreting emotionally-neutral situations as positive or negative. So far, no studies have examined if and how positive and negative interpretations of emotionally-neutral situations modulate food craving. In this study, 65 healthy participants were asked to interpret emotionally-neutral images negatively or positively or observe the images naturally. Subsequently, participants rated their state negative/positive affect and their desire to eat their personally craved foods. The results demonstrate a lower desire to eat craved foods after negative interpretations and a higher desire to eat after positive interpretations, compared to an observe-naturally condition. Additionally, the impact of emotional interpretations on the desire to eat was mediated by participants' state negative/positive affect. These findings suggest that self-generated emotion as a result of negative/positive interpretations plays a significant role in modulating food craving. The results highlight the potential of modifying affective interpretations for the treatment of disorders that are characterized by both dysregulated food craving and emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiran Levy
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Noga Cohen
- Department of Special Education, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; The Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Noam Weinbach
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
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13
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Xiao M, Luo Y, Ding C, Chen X, Liu Y, Tang Y, Chen H. Social support and overeating in young women: The role of altering functional network connectivity patterns and negative emotions. Appetite 2023; 191:107069. [PMID: 37837769 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Research suggests that social support has a protective effect on emotional health and emotionally induced overeating. Women are especially more sensitive to benefits from social support when facing eating problems. Although it has been demonstrated that social support can affect the neural processes of emotion regulation and reward perception, it is unclear how social support alters synergistic patterns in large-scale brain networks associated with negative emotions and overeating. We used a large sample of young women aged 17-22 years (N = 360) to examine how social support influences the synchrony of five intrinsic networks (executive control network [ECN], default mode network, salience network [SN], basal ganglia network, and precuneus network [PN]) and how these networks influence negative affect and overeating. Additionally, we explored these analyses in another sample of males (N = 136). After statistically controlling for differences in age and head movement, we observed significant associations of higher levels of social support with increased intra- and inter-network functional synchrony, particularly for ECN-centered network connectivity. Subsequent chain-mediated analyses showed that social support predicted overeating through the ECN-SN and ECN-PN network connectivity and negative emotions. However, these results were not found in men. These findings suggest that social support influences the synergistic patterns within and between intrinsic networks related to inhibitory control, emotion salience, self-referential thinking, and reward sensitivity. Furthermore, they reveal that social support and its neural markers may play a key role in young women's emotional health and eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yijun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cody Ding
- Department of Educational Psychology, Research, and Evaluation, University of Missouri, St. Louis, USA
| | - Ximei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yutian Tang
- Faculty of Arts, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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14
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Vasileiou V, Abbott S. Emotional eating among adults with healthy weight, overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hum Nutr Diet 2023; 36:1922-1930. [PMID: 37012653 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional eating (EE) is a disordered eating behaviour which may lead to overeating. It is not clear whether EE presents to an equal degree among adults, regardless of their body mass index (BMI) status. The aim of this study was to assess whether there is a difference in degree of EE between adults with healthy weight, overweight and obesity. METHODS MEDLINE and APA PsycINFO databases were searched from inception up to January 2022 for studies that reported EE scores from validated questionnaires. The quality of all included studies was assessed using the AXIS tool. Meta-analysis used random effects and standardised mean difference (SMD). Heterogeneity was investigated using I2 statistics and sensitivity analyses. RESULTS A total of 11 studies with 7207 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Degree of EE was greater in adults with a BMI above the healthy range, compared to adults with a healthy BMI (SMD 0.31, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.45; I2 = 85%). However, subgroup analysis found that degree of EE was greater only in adults with obesity (SMD 0.61, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.81; I2 = 62%), and there was no difference in degree of EE between adults with overweight and those with a healthy BMI. CONCLUSIONS Degree of EE is greater among adults living with obesity, compared to adults with a healthy BMI, indicating a need for behavioural support to support EE among people living with obesity seeking weight management. Future research should examine the long-term effectiveness of interventions for EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vasileiou
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - S Abbott
- Department of Dietetics, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
- Research Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
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15
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Wang X, Wu Y, Miao J, Pu K, Ming WK, Zang S. Factors associated with eating behaviors in older adults from a socioecological model perspective. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1726. [PMID: 37670266 PMCID: PMC10481492 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16651-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The eating behaviors of older adults are associated with multiple factors. To promote older adults' healthy diets, it is imperative to comprehensively study the factors associated with the eating behaviors of the aging population group. This study aimed to probe the associated factors of older adults' eating behaviors from a socioecological model (SEM) perspective. METHODS In 2021, a cross-sectional survey was performed to recruit participants in China. The survey data were analyzed using a multivariate generalized linear model to identify the factors associated with eating behaviors in older adults. Standardized regression coefficients (β) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a multivariate generalized linear model. RESULTS The survey contained 1147 valid older adult participants. Multivariate generalized linear model results showed that older adults with older age [aged 71-80 (β = -0.61), ≥ 81 (β = -1.12)], conscientiousness personality trait (β = -0.27), and higher family health levels (β = -0.23) were inclined to have better eating behaviors. The older adults with higher education levels [junior high school and high school (β = 1.03), junior college and above (β = 1.71)], higher general self-efficacy (β = 0.09), more severe depression symptoms (β = 0.24), and employment (β = 0.82) tended to have poorer eating behaviors. CONCLUSIONS This study identified factors that are specifically associated with older adults' eating behaviors from an SEM perspective. The comprehensive multiple-angle perspective consideration may be a valuable idea for studying healthy eating behaviors in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, China
| | - Yibo Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Juanxia Miao
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, China
| | - Keping Pu
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, China
| | - Wai-Kit Ming
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, To Yuen Building, No.31 To Yuen Street, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Shuang Zang
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, China.
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16
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Rădulescu PM, Căluianu EI, Traşcă ET, Mercuţ D, Georgescu I, Georgescu EF, Ciupeanu-Călugăru ED, Mercuţ MF, Mercuţ R, Padureanu V, Streba CT, Călăraşu C, Rădulescu D. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Outcomes in Acute Pancreatitis: A Propensity Score Matched Study Comparing before and during the Pandemic. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2446. [PMID: 37510190 PMCID: PMC10378087 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the outcomes and survival of patients with acute pancreatitis who shared the same clinical form, age, and sex before the pandemic, during the pandemic, and among those with confirmed COVID-19 infection upon hospital admission. This consideration used the sparse data in the existing literature on the influence of the pandemic and COVID-19 infection on patients with acute pancreatitis. To accomplish this, we conducted a multicentric, retrospective case-control study using propensity score matching with a 2:1 match of 28 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and acute pancreatitis, with 56 patients with acute pancreatitis pre-pandemic, and 56 patients with acute pancreatitis during the pandemic. The study outcome demonstrated a six-fold relative risk of death in patients with acute pancreatitis and SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to those with acute pancreatitis before the pandemic. Furthermore, restrictive measures implemented during the pandemic period led to a partial delay in the care of patients with acute pancreatitis, which likely resulted in an impairment of their immune state. This, in certain circumstances, resulted in a restriction of surgical treatment indications, leading to a three-fold relative risk of death in patients with acute pancreatitis during the pandemic compared to those with acute pancreatitis before the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Irina Căluianu
- General Surgery Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Emil Tiberius Traşcă
- General Surgery Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Dorin Mercuţ
- General Surgery Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ion Georgescu
- General Surgery Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Eugen Florin Georgescu
- General Surgery Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | | | - Maria Filoftea Mercuţ
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Răzvan Mercuţ
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Vlad Padureanu
- Internal Medicine Department, Country Hospital of Craiova, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Costin Teodor Streba
- Department of Pneumology, University of Pharmacy and Medicine Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Cristina Călăraşu
- Department of Pneumology, University of Pharmacy and Medicine Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Dumitru Rădulescu
- General Surgery Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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17
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Nelson TD, Stice E. Contextualizing the Neural Vulnerabilities Model of Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:2988. [PMID: 37447312 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, investigators have focused on neural vulnerability factors that increase the risk of unhealthy weight gain, which has provided a useful organizing structure for obesity neuroscience research. However, this framework, and much of the research it has informed, has given limited attention to contextual factors that may interact with key vulnerabilities to impact eating behaviors and weight gain. To fill this gap, we propose a Contextualized Neural Vulnerabilities Model of Obesity, extending the existing theory to more intentionally incorporate contextual factors that are hypothesized to interact with neural vulnerabilities in shaping eating behaviors and weight trajectories. We begin by providing an overview of the Neural Vulnerabilities Model of Obesity, and briefly review supporting evidence. Next, we suggest opportunities to add contextual considerations to the model, including incorporating environmental and developmental context, emphasizing how contextual factors may interact with neural vulnerabilities to impact eating and weight. We then synthesize earlier models and new extensions to describe a Contextualized Neural Vulnerabilities Model of Obesity with three interacting components-food reward sensitivity, top-down regulation, and environmental factors-all within a developmental framework that highlights adolescence as a key period. Finally, we propose critical research questions arising from the framework, as well as opportunities to inform novel interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Nelson
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Eric Stice
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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18
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Barnhart WR, Kalantzis MA, Braden AL. Mindfulness facets differentially relate to self-reported negative and positive emotional eating types in treatment-seeking adults with overweight/obesity. Eat Weight Disord 2023; 28:54. [PMID: 37351755 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01578-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness is a meaningful therapeutic target in the treatment of emotional eating in adults with overweight/obesity. Descriptive research mapping relations between mindfulness facets and emotional eating types in treatment-seeking adults with overweight/obesity is needed. METHODS Cross-sectional relations between mindfulness facets (i.e., acting with awareness, describe, non-judgment, non-reactive, and observe; Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire-Short Form) and emotional eating types (i.e., self-reported negative and positive emotional eating; Emotional Eating Scale-Revised, Emotional Appetite Questionnaire) were examined in a treatment-seeking sample of adults with overweight/obesity (N = 63). RESULTS Significant bivariate correlations revealed negative relations between mindfulness facets and emotional eating types. Multiple regressions revealed that higher describe (β = - 0.42, p = 0.004) mindfulness was associated with lower self-reported emotional eating-anger/anxiety; higher non-reactive (β = - 0.31, p = 0.01) and non-judgment (β = - 0.28, p = 0.02) mindfulness were associated with lower self-reported emotional eating-depression; and higher non-judgment (β = 0.26, p = 0.04) mindfulness was associated with higher self-reported emotional eating-positive. CONCLUSIONS Describe, non-judgment, and non-reactive mindfulness were uniquely and significantly associated with eating in response to negative and positive emotions. Results suggest the potential need for intervention programs to be sensitive to the multidimensional nature of mindfulness in the treatment of distinct types of emotional eating in adults with overweight/obesity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley R Barnhart
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA.
| | - Maria A Kalantzis
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA
| | - Abby L Braden
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA
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19
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Ugarte Pérez C, Cruzat-Mandich C, Quiñones Bergeret Á, Díaz-Tendero D, Gallegos M, Gil AA, Cepeda-Benito A. Comparative efficacy of remotely delivered mindfulness-based eating awareness training versus behavioral-weight loss counseling during COVID-19. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1101120. [PMID: 37265953 PMCID: PMC10229895 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1101120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dysregulated eating (emotional eating, cue-elicited eating, and dietary restraint and restriction) has been linked to being overweight or obese. The present investigation used a random controlled trial (RCT) to test the differential efficacy of remotely delivered Mindfulness-Based Eating Awareness Training (MB-EAT) and Behavioral Weight Loss (BWL) counseling. Methods The sample was recruited through advertisements that offered help to people "with problems controlling their eating" or "interested in improving their relationship with food" (n = 135). Results Retention was low in both groups (42%), but not dissimilar to retention rates reported in related clinical trials delivered "in person." Among the participants who completed treatment, we found no between-group differences in any of the treatment outcomes, but participants in both groups experienced significant increases in eating-related mindfulness [Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ) and awareness [Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA), and significant decreases in unhealthy eating patterns [Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ); Binge Eating Scale (BES), and weight over the course of treatment. Participants in both groups also experienced increases in self-reported depression and anxiety symptoms [Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)], although these increases likely reflected normative changes observed in the population at large during COVID-19. Discussion Overall, the results suggest that dysregulated eating and weight loss intervention delivered remotely via teleconference can be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ugarte Pérez
- Centro de Estudios de la Conducta Alimentaria (CECA), Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Peñalolén, Chile
| | - Claudia Cruzat-Mandich
- Centro de Estudios de la Conducta Alimentaria (CECA), Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Peñalolén, Chile
| | | | - Dafne Díaz-Tendero
- Centro de Estudios de la Conducta Alimentaria (CECA), Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Peñalolén, Chile
| | - Marcela Gallegos
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bariátrica, Clinica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aurora A. Gil
- Eating Disorders Unit, Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonio Cepeda-Benito
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
- Departamento de Psicología, Personalidad y Tratamiento, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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20
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Braden A, Barnhart WR, Kalantzis M, Redondo R, Dauber A, Anderson L, Tilstra-Ferrell EL. Eating when depressed, anxious, bored, or happy: An examination in treatment-seeking adults with overweight/obesity. Appetite 2023; 184:106510. [PMID: 36868313 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Emotions that differ in valence are uniquely associated with eating. In our previous study with an online sample of adults with overweight/obesity, eating in response to depression was the type of emotional eating most closely associated with negative psychosocial correlates (Braden et al., 2018). The current study extended this research by examining associations between emotional eating types (eating in response to depression, anxiety, boredom, happiness) and psychological correlates among treatment-seeking adults. The present study was a secondary analysis of adults (N = 63; 96.8% female) with overweight/obesity and self-identified emotional eating who completed a baseline assessment for a behavioral weight loss intervention. Emotional eating in response to depression (EE-depression), anxiety/anger (EE-anxiety/anger), and boredom (EE-boredom) were assessed with the revised Emotional Eating Scale (EES-R), and positive emotional eating (EE-positive) was assessed with the positive emotions subscale of the Emotional Appetite Questionnaire (EMAQ). The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), Binge Eating Scale (BES), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9; depressive symptoms) were also administered. Frequencies showed the most endorsed emotional eating type was EE-depression (44.4%; n = 28). Four multiple regression analyses examined associations between emotional eating (EE-depression, EE-anxiety/anger, EE-boredom, and EE-positive) and dependent variables (EDE-Q, BES, DERS, and PHQ-9). Results showed that depression was the emotional eating type most closely related to disordered eating, binge eating, and depressive symptoms. Eating in response to anxiety was closely related to emotion regulation difficulties. Positive emotional eating was related to less depressive symptoms. Exploratory analyses showed that lower levels of positive emotional eating were related to higher depressive symptoms among adults with greater emotion regulation difficulties. Researchers and clinicians may consider tailoring weight loss treatment based on unique emotions that trigger eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby Braden
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, USA.
| | | | - Maria Kalantzis
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, USA
| | - Rachel Redondo
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, USA
| | - Aubrey Dauber
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, USA
| | - LaNaya Anderson
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, USA
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21
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Ahlich E, Goldstein SP, Thomas JG. Characterizing emotional eating: Ecological momentary assessment with person-specific modeling. Appetite 2023; 183:106476. [PMID: 36720369 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Emotional eating is a topic of clinical importance, with links to weight regulation and wellness. However, issues of concept clarity and measurement can interfere with efforts to understand and intervene on emotional eating. One explanation for prior difficulties in defining emotional eating may be that this construct is not uniform across individuals. The current study critically examined emotional eating by combining ecological momentary assessment (EMA) with an idiographic analytic approach. The study examined the heterogeneity in the emotions and dysregulated eating behaviors often thought to underlie emotional eating, by establishing and comparing latent factor profiles across individuals. Ten community adults with overweight or obesity completed a 21-day EMA protocol, with 5 daily prompts to report on relevant emotions and eating behaviors. P-technique factor analysis was used to examine the data. Results suggested variability across individuals in the number of factors that emerged, the items that loaded on each factor, and the strength of loadings. Dysregulated eating was not found to covary with affective states strongly enough to produce a distinct "emotional eating" factor for any individual, nor did the correlations between factors suggest strong relationships between emotions and dysregulated eating for most participants, even in this sample with 90% of participants self-identifying as "emotional eaters." Findings are consistent with a growing body of literature questioning the validity of the "emotional eating" construct as currently defined and measured, and supports conceptualizing emotional eating as a locally heterogenous construct that varies between people. Combining EMA with an intra-individual modeling technique appears to be a promising approach for understanding emotional eating. Additional work with larger samples is needed to capture the full range in individual profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Ahlich
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.
| | - Stephanie P Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Miriam Hospital/Brown Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
| | - J Graham Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Miriam Hospital/Brown Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
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22
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Madigan CD, Hill AJ, Caterson ID, Burk J, Hendy C, Chalkley A. A Qualitative Process Evaluation of Participant Experiences in a Feasibility Randomised Controlled Trial to Reduce Indulgent Foods and Beverages. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061389. [PMID: 36986119 PMCID: PMC10052994 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the effects of ultra-processed/energy-dense nutrient-poor foods on health outcomes, and few interventions to reduce their consumption have been tested. We tested a simple intervention to help people reduce the indulgences they consume (energy-dense nutrient-poor (EDNP) foods). Herein, we report the qualitative findings to understand how participants reduced their consumption by exploring intervention fidelity and the factors affecting consumption. We conducted a qualitative descriptive study of 23 adults who had taken part in a feasibility randomised controlled trial that asked participants to say no to seven indulgences/week and record what they said no to. Data were collected using face-to-face semi-structured interviews and analysed thematically. A total of 23 adults with an average BMI of 30.8 kg/m2 took part. Participants liked the term indulgence, as they could apply it to their normal dietary intake and make small changes. They found self-monitoring what they said no to helpful and reported that emotional eating and habits affected consumption. They had difficulty overcoming these. As most people are consuming too many foods that are EDNP, this simple intervention of “Say No” seven times/week has the potential to be developed as a public health campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Deborah Madigan
- The Centre for Lifestyle Medicine and Behaviour (CLiMB), Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrew J. Hill
- The Boden Initiative, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, Worsley Building, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9NL, UK
| | - Ian Douglas Caterson
- The Boden Initiative, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jessica Burk
- The Boden Initiative, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Chelsea Hendy
- The Boden Initiative, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Anna Chalkley
- Centre for Physically Active Learning, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, 6856 Sogndal, Norway
- Wolfson Centre for Applied Research, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
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23
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Verra SE, Poelman MP, Mudd AL, de Vet E, de Wit J, Kamphuis CBM. Socioeconomic inequalities in self-assessed health and food consumption: the mediating roles of daily hassles and the perceived importance of health. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:439. [PMID: 36882808 PMCID: PMC9990278 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urgent daily hassles, which are more common among people with a lower socioeconomic position (SEP), might limit one's ability to address less pressing goals, such as goals related to health promotion. Consequently, health goals may be viewed as less focal, which could jeopardize one's health. This study examined an understudied pathway: whether a higher severity of daily hassles resulted in a lower perceived importance of health and whether these two factors sequentially mediate socioeconomic inequalities in self-assessed health (SAH) and food consumption. METHODS A cross-sectional survey among 1,330 Dutch adults was conducted in 2019. Participants self-reported SEP (household income, educational level), the severity of eleven daily hassles (e.g., financial hassles, legal hassles), the perceived importance of health (not being ill, living a long life), SAH, and food consumption. Structural equation modeling was used to examine whether daily hassles and the perceived importance of health sequentially mediated income and educational inequalities in SAH, fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC) and snack consumption. RESULTS No evidence of sequential mediation through daily hassles and the perceived importance of health was found. Daily hassles individually mediated income inequalities in SAH (indirect effect: 0.04, total effect: 0.06) and in FVC (indirect effect: 0.02, total effect: 0.09). The perceived importance of not being ill and living a long life both individually mediated educational inequalities in SAH (indirect effects: 0.01 and -0.01, respectively, total effect: 0.07). CONCLUSIONS Income inequalities in SAH and FVC were explained by daily hassles, and educational inequalities in SAH were explained by the perceived importance of health. Socioeconomic inequalities may not be sequentially explained by a more severe experience of daily hassles and a lower perceived importance of health. Interventions and policies addressing challenging circumstances associated with a low income may improve SAH and healthy food consumption among lower-income groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne E Verra
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Maartje P Poelman
- Chair Group Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles, Wageningen University & Research, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea L Mudd
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Emely de Vet
- Chair Group Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles, Wageningen University & Research, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - John de Wit
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carlijn B M Kamphuis
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Strodl E, Sorensen P. The role of metacognitive beliefs versus meta-emotion beliefs in disordered eating. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00050067.2023.2181685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Esben Strodl
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Patrick Sorensen
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Dakanalis A, Mentzelou M, Papadopoulou SK, Papandreou D, Spanoudaki M, Vasios GK, Pavlidou E, Mantzorou M, Giaginis C. The Association of Emotional Eating with Overweight/Obesity, Depression, Anxiety/Stress, and Dietary Patterns: A Review of the Current Clinical Evidence. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051173. [PMID: 36904172 PMCID: PMC10005347 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Emotional eating is considered as the propensity to eat in response to emotions. It is considered as a critical risk factor for recurrent weight gain. Such overeating is able to affect general health due to excess energy intake and mental health. So far, there is still considerable controversy on the effect of the emotional eating concept. The objective of this study is to summarize and evaluate the interconnections among emotional eating and overweight/obesity, depression, anxiety/stress, and dietary patterns; (2) Methods: This is a thorough review of the reported associations among emotional eating and overweight/obesity, depression, anxiety/stress, and dietary patterns. We compressively searched the most precise scientific online databases, e.g., PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar to obtain the most up-to-date data from clinical studies in humans from the last ten years (2013-2023) using critical and representative keywords. Several inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied for scrutinizing only longitudinal, cross-sectional, descriptive, and prospective clinical studies in Caucasian populations; (3) Results: The currently available findings suggest that overeating/obesity and unhealthy eating behaviors (e.g., fast food consumption) are associated with emotional eating. Moreover, the increase in depressive symptoms seems to be related with more emotional eating. Psychological distress is also related with a greater risk for emotional eating. However, the most common limitations are the small sample size and their lack of diversity. In addition, a cross-sectional study was performed in the majority of them; (4) Conclusions: Finding coping mechanisms for the negative emotions and nutrition education can prevent the prevalence of emotional eating. Future studies should further explain the underlying mechanisms of the interconnections among emotional eating and overweight/obesity, depression, anxiety/stress, and dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Dakanalis
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.D.); (C.G.)
| | - Maria Mentzelou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Souzana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Papandreou
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 144534, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maria Spanoudaki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Clinical Dietetics & Nutrition Department of 424 General Military Hospital, New Efkarpia Ring Road, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios K. Vasios
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Eleni Pavlidou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Maria Mantzorou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
- Correspondence: (A.D.); (C.G.)
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Quiroga-Sánchez E, Calvo-Ayuso N, Liébana-Presa C, Trevissón-Redondo B, Marqués-Sánchez P, Arias-Ramos N. Life Habits of Healthcare Professionals during the Third Wave of COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Spanish Hospital. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4126. [PMID: 36901137 PMCID: PMC10001878 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: To describe sleep quality, eating behaviour and alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use among healthcare staff in a Spanish public hospital. (2) Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study examining sleep quality (Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index), eating behaviour (Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (R18)), tobacco and drug use (ESTUDES questionnaire) and alcohol use (Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener). (3) Results: 178 people, of whom 87.1% (155) were women, with an average age of 41.59 ± 10.9 years. A total of 59.6% of the healthcare workers had sleep problems, to a greater or lesser degree. The average daily consumption was 10.56 ± 6.74 cigarettes. The most commonly used drugs included cannabis, occasionally used by 88.37%, cocaine (4.75%), ecstasy (4.65%) and amphetamines (2.33%). A total of 22.73% of participants had increased their drug use, and 22.73% had increased their consumption during the pandemic, with beer and wine accounting for 87.2% of drinks consumed during this period. (4) Conclusions: In addition to the psychological and emotional impact already demonstrated, the COVID-19 crisis has repercussions on sleep quality, eating behaviour and alcohol, tobacco and drug consumption. Psychological disturbances have repercussions on physical and functional aspects of healthcare workers. It is feasible that these alterations are due to stress, and it is necessary to act through treatment and prevention as well as promote healthy habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enedina Quiroga-Sánchez
- SALBIS Research Group, Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Campus of Ponferrada, University of León, 24400 Ponferrada, Spain
| | - Natalia Calvo-Ayuso
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Campus of Ponferrada, University of León, 24400 Ponferrada, Spain
| | - Cristina Liébana-Presa
- SALBIS Research Group, Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Campus of Ponferrada, University of León, 24400 Ponferrada, Spain
| | - Bibiana Trevissón-Redondo
- SALBIS Research Group, Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Campus of Ponferrada, University of León, 24400 Ponferrada, Spain
| | - Pilar Marqués-Sánchez
- SALBIS Research Group, Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Campus of Ponferrada, University of León, 24400 Ponferrada, Spain
| | - Natalia Arias-Ramos
- SALBIS Research Group, Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Campus of Ponferrada, University of León, 24400 Ponferrada, Spain
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Emotions and Food Consumption: Emotional Eating Behavior in a European Population. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040872. [PMID: 36832947 PMCID: PMC9957014 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotion can reflect in the perception of food consumption. An increase in food intake during emotional and psychological conditions may have a negative impact on human health. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the associations between food consumption, emotional eating behavior, and emotional conditions such as stress, depression, loneliness, boredom eating, maintaining vigilance and alertness, and emotional food consolation. We used a Motivations for Food Choices Questionnaire (Eating Motivations, EATMOT) to determine the emotional aspects of food consumption in 9052 respondents living in 12 European countries between October 2017 and March 2018. Ordinal linear regression was used to identify the associations between the emotional eating behavior and emotional conditions such as stress, depression, loneliness, emotional consolation, and reasons to improve physical and psychological conditions. The regression models confirmed the associations between food consumption, emotional conditions, and emotional eating behavior. Associations were found between the emotional eating behavior and stress (odds ratio (OR) = 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07-1.60, p = 0.010), depressive mood (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.40-1.43, p < 0.001), loneliness (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.58-1.62, p < 0.001), boredom (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.36-1.39, p < 0.001), and emotional consolation (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.54-1.57, p < 0.001). Emotional eating was associated with an effort to improve physical and psychological conditions, such as controlling body weight (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.10-1.12, p < 0.001), keeping awake and alert (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.19-1.20, p < 0.001) and consumption to feel good (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.21-1.22, p < 0.001). In conclusion, emotions might provoke emotional eating behavior. The appropriate way to handle stress, depression, or other emotional states is important in conditions of being emotionally overwhelmed. The public should be educated on how to handle different emotional states. The focus should be moved somehow from emotional eating and the consumption of unhealthy food to healthy lifestyle practices, including regular exercise and healthy eating habits. Thus, it is necessary to halt these negative health effects on human health through public health programs.
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Shehata WM, Abdeldaim DE. Emotional eating in relation to psychological stress during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in faculty of medicine, Tanta University, Egypt. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:277. [PMID: 36750824 PMCID: PMC9904530 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress, anxiety, and depression resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic as well as subsequent restrictive measures had a negative impact on eating behaviors. This study aimed to determine the emotional eating behaviors and the perceived stress level and to assess the relation between them among adults in the faculty of medicine during the late period of lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study among 580 persons from the faculty of medicine, at Tanta University, Egypt conducted over a period of one month during the last period of partial lockdown (October 2020). A self-administered structured questionnaire consisted of five parts used in the study (sociodemographic factors, COVID-19-related parameters, nutrition-related information during the pandemic, emotional eating scale, and perceived stress scale). RESULTS More than two-fifths of students, employees, and staff (45.2%, 45.5%, and 44.2%, respectively) stated that their weight increased as a result of the lockdown. 50.8% of students, 42.5% of employees, and 54.6% of staff were in the moderate emotional eating groups. Similarly, the majority of students, employees, and staff reported moderate levels of stress(84%, 80.8%, and 76.1% respectively). The total emotional eating score was positively correlated with the total perceived stress scores (r = 0.13, p = 0.001*). CONCLUSION COVID-19 pandemic, particularly during the period of lockdown, had a negative impact on individuals' psychological stress levels and levels of emotional eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa M. Shehata
- grid.412258.80000 0000 9477 7793Assistant professor of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Doaa E. Abdeldaim
- grid.412258.80000 0000 9477 7793Assistant professor of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Schubert E, Bode S. Positive emotions and their upregulation increase willingness to consume healthy foods. Appetite 2023; 181:106420. [PMID: 36513297 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
While highly relevant for everyday life, it is unclear whether experiencing incidental positive or negative emotional states, and active emotion regulation, influence the weighting of perceived taste and health in food choices. In Experiment 1, we examined two emotion regulation strategies, reappraisal and distraction, used to decrease negative emotions. Participants were cued to experience or decrease their emotional response for either neutral or negative incidental emotion-inducing images. They subsequently rated their willingness to consume foods, which varied in their taste and health attributes. Mixed-effects model analysis showed that compared to neutral, negative emotions decreased willingness to consume, regardless of perceived taste and health, but neither emotion regulation strategy had a significant effect. Experiment 2 used images inducing incidental positive emotions in combination with three emotion regulation strategies: reappraisal, distraction, and increasing positive emotions. Experiencing positive emotions generally increased willingness to consume, with stronger effects for tasty and healthy foods. Decreasing positive emotions via reappraisal decreased willingness to consume, particularly for healthy foods. Increasing positive emotion intensity further increased willingness to consume, with stronger effects for healthy foods. The results suggest that experiencing positive emotions increases desire particularly strongly for healthy foods, which can additionally be modulated via emotion regulation. This has important implications for designing health-related interventions targeting mood improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elektra Schubert
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stefan Bode
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
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Sezer B, Öner S. An online diary study testing the role of functional and dysfunctional self-licensing in unhealthy snacking. Appetite 2023; 181:106389. [PMID: 36414147 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to investigate how two types of self-licensing (functional and dysfunctional self-licensing) are related to unhealthy snack consumption. Self-licensing refers to the act of using justifications before gratifications and has been associated with higher snack consumption. Previous research has found that while functional self-licensing decreases unhealthy snack consumption, dysfunctional self-licensing increases the number of calories taken from unhealthy snacks. Building upon existing evidence, we addressed functional and dysfunctional self-licensing to investigate how self-licensing behaviors are associated with daily variables (i.e., stress and sleep) and unhealthy snacking habits. Participants (N = 124) were given a battery of measures at the start of the week and asked to send their snack consumption every night for a week via an online questionnaire, along with daily stress and sleep items. The data were analyzed with Hierarchical Linear Modelling. Neither self-licensing measures nor unhealthy snacking habits predicted unhealthy snack consumption. Daily stress was associated with lower unhealthy snack consumption. However, the interaction between daily stress and functional self-licensing was significant, suggesting that on stressful days functional self-licensers consume even fewer unhealthy snacks compared to less stressful days. Functional and dysfunctional self-licensing are rather new constructs which is why examining their effects is important for further research. However, in contrast to the existing evidence, we failed to find an effect of both types of self-licensing on snack consumption, suggesting the effect depends on potential contextual or individual-specific factors. Future research using a dieting sample is warranted for a better understanding of how functional and dysfunctional self-licensing operate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berke Sezer
- Department of Psychology, Kadir Has University, Turkey.
| | - Sezin Öner
- Department of Psychology, Kadir Has University, Turkey
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31
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Annesi JJ, Stewart FA. Emotional Eating: Psychosocial Bases, Accordingly Directed Treatment Design, and Longitudinal Effects in Women with Obesity. JOURNAL OF PREVENTION (2022) 2023; 44:221-237. [PMID: 36701021 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-023-00723-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Emotional eating (eating triggered by adverse mood) might be an important psychosocial variable to address to improve overwhelmingly deficient obesity treatment outcomes in women. However, emotional eating has rarely been focused upon in a systematic, evidence-based manner. Within Part 1 of this field-based study completed within community health-promotion centers the United States, a treatment protocol was developed targeting negative mood, body satisfaction, and self-efficacy to resist negative emotion-related eating (SE-NegEm), which were the significant psychosocial predictors of emotional eating found at baseline in the women participants with obesity. A comparison condition consisted of matched treatment time, but focused upon typical processes of providing education in healthy eating and exercise. Cluster sampling allocated participants to either the treatment group (n = 100) or comparison group (n = 86). In Part 2, overall improvements in mood, body satisfaction, SE-NegEm, and emotional eating were found to be significant, and significantly more pronounced in the treatment group. In parallel multiple mediation analyses incorporating aggregated data, changes from baseline-Month 3 and baseline-Month 6 in negative mood, body satisfaction, and SE-NegEm significantly mediated relationships between group and changes in emotional eating from baseline-Month 6 and baseline-Month 12, respectively. Changes in body satisfaction and SE-NegEm were significant independent mediators for 6-month change, with negative mood change additionally significant for 12-month change. Reduced emotional eating significantly predicted lost weight, which was greater in the treatment group (- 5.8% vs. - 0.9%). The present process of tailoring and testing treatment content based on earlier-identified predictors of emotional eating was supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Annesi
- College of Health Sciences and Human Services, California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, USA. .,Central Coast YMCA, 600 Camino El Estero, Monterey, CA, 93940, USA.
| | - Francine A Stewart
- College of Education, California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, USA.,Sanford College of Education, National University, San Diego, CA, USA.,Monterey Peninsula Unified School District, Monterey, CA, USA
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Johnson AN, Clockston RLM, Fremling L, Clark E, Lundeberg P, Mueller M, Graham DJ. Changes in Adults' Eating Behaviors During the Initial Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review. J Acad Nutr Diet 2023; 123:144-194.e30. [PMID: 36075551 PMCID: PMC9444582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.08.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Factors such as regulations and health concerns shifted daily habits, including eating behaviors, during the early months of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This comprehensive narrative review synthesizes research on eating behavior changes during the early months of the pandemic (February to June 2020), including changes in amount, rate, and timing of food consumption, types and healthfulness of foods consumed, the occurrence of other specified eating behaviors (eg, restrained eating or binging), and reasons for eating (eg, stress or cravings), among adults. A literature search using three EBSCOhost databases and Google Scholar was conducted to identify relevant articles made available in 2020. A total of 71 articles representing 250,715 individuals from more than 30 countries were reviewed. Findings show eating behaviors changed little during the early COVID-19 pandemic for most participants. Among those whose eating behaviors changed, increases in both intake and frequency of eating meals and snacks were more common than decreases. Findings on timing of eating and healthfulness of food consumed showed mixed results. However, when changes occurred in the type of food consumed, increases were more common for snacks, homemade pastries, white bread/pasta, legumes, and fruits/vegetables; decreases were more common for meats, seafood/fish, frozen foods, fast food, dark breads/grains, and dark leafy green vegetables. During the pandemic, binging, uncontrolled eating, and overeating increased, meal skipping decreased, and restrictive eating had mixed findings. Changes in factors such as emotions and mood (eg, depression), cravings, and environmental factors (eg, food insecurity) were related to changes in eating behaviors. Findings can inform clinical practitioners in efforts to mitigate disruptions to normal, healthy eating patterns among adults both in and outside of global health catastrophes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlie N Johnson
- Department of Psychology, Linfield University, McMinnville, Oregon.
| | | | - Lindsey Fremling
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Emma Clark
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Pamela Lundeberg
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Megan Mueller
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Dan J Graham
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Yaman GB, Hocaoğlu Ç. Examination of eating and nutritional habits in health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nutrition 2023; 105:111839. [PMID: 36270134 PMCID: PMC9439855 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Health care workers are in the high-risk group in terms of contracting infection because of their role in providing care to patients with COVID-19. We aim to examine the relationship between perceived stress, emotional eating, and nutritional habits in health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey in Turkey between July 1, 2021 and August 15, 2021. Overall, 405 participants age 19 to 67 y completed an online survey incorporating the Emotional Eating Scale (Cronbach's α = 0.84), Perceived Stress Scale (Cronbach's α = 0.84), and Nutrition Change Process Scale (Cronbach's α = 0.90). We gathered data on weight, height, and changes in eating habits during the pandemic to analyze how the pandemic affected dietary and nutritional practices. RESULTS The majority of respondents were female (67.7%). Most respondents (58%) reported changing their eating and nutritional habits during the pandemic. Economic concern and concern about finding food and water due to COVID-19 were found to affect changes in eating and dietary habits (odds ratio [OR]: 2.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.69-3.84; P < 0.001 and OR: 2.1; 95% CI, 1.39-3.18; P < 0.001, respectively). Losing a loved one because of COVID-19 was determined as an independent risk factor for eating and dietary habits (OR: 29.5; 95% CI, 2.23-38.9; P = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS Perceived stress and emotional eating are related to changes in eating/dietary habits among health care workers during the pandemic. We recommend healthy food choices and increased physical activity to reduce emotional eating and mitigate stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Bacık Yaman
- Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Çiçek Hocaoğlu
- Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Rize, Turkey
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Dakin C, Beaulieu K, Hopkins M, Gibbons C, Finlayson G, Stubbs RJ. Do eating behavior traits predict energy intake and body mass index? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13515. [PMID: 36305739 PMCID: PMC10078190 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
At present, it is unclear whether eating behavior traits (EBT) predict objectively measured short-term energy intake (EI) and longer-term energy balance as estimated by body mass index (BMI). This systematic review examined the impact of EBT on BMI and laboratory-based measures of EI in adults ( ≥ 18 years) in any BMI category, excluding self-report measures of EI. Articles were searched up until 28th October 2021 using MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE and Web of Science. Sixteen EBT were identified and the association between 10 EBT, EI and BMI were assessed using a random-effects meta-analysis. Other EBT outcomes were synthesized qualitatively. Risk of bias was assessed with the mixed methods appraisal tool. A total of 83 studies were included (mean BMI = 25.20 kg/m2 , mean age = 27 years and mean sample size = 70). Study quality was rated moderately high overall, with some concerns in sampling strategy and statistical analyses. Susceptibility to hunger (n = 6) and binge eating (n = 7) were the strongest predictors of EI. Disinhibition (n = 8) was the strongest predictor of BMI. Overall, EBT may be useful as phenotypic markers of susceptibility to overconsume or develop obesity (PROSPERO: CRD42021288694).
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Dakin
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Research Group (ACEB), School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Kristine Beaulieu
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Research Group (ACEB), School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Mark Hopkins
- School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Catherine Gibbons
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Research Group (ACEB), School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Graham Finlayson
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Research Group (ACEB), School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - R James Stubbs
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Research Group (ACEB), School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Mróz M, Gross JJ, Brytek-Matera A. Trait Anxiety and Unhealthy Eating in Adult Women: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Instability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:296. [PMID: 36612619 PMCID: PMC9819590 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Previous studies have demonstrated the influence of affective states on unhealthy eating. Heightened impulsivity has also been recognized as a risk factor for unhealthy eating. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between trait anxiety and unhealthy eating and to test whether cognitive instability (trait impulsivity component) might mediate this relationship among adult women. METHOD The sample was composed of 225 women (Mage = 29.70 ± 9.23; MBodyMass Index = 23.39 ± 4.43). The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) were used. We first conducted a principal components analysis to reduce the dimensionality of the FFQ data, finding four principal components. For our primary analyses, we focused on unhealthy eating. We then conducted a mediation analysis to examine whether trait anxiety was associated with unhealthy eating and, if so, whether cognitive impulsivity mediated this relationship. RESULTS Trait anxiety was positively associated with cognitive instability, and cognitive instability was positively associated with unhealthy eating. Trait anxiety was also positively associated with unhealthy eating, but only when controlling for cognitive instability. Consistent with our proposed mediation model, trait anxiety was positively associated with cognitive instability, which in turn predicted unhealthy eating among adult women. CONCLUSION Adult women who reported higher levels of trait anxiety experienced higher levels of cognitive instability and engaged in poor dietary behaviors. Identifying the factors related to unhealthy eating represents a crucial step toward findings ways of reducing their impact on food intake and replacing them with more productive ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Mróz
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wrocław, 50-527 Wrocław, Poland
| | - James J. Gross
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anna Brytek-Matera
- Katowice Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 40-326 Katowice, Poland
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Ra JS. Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and fast foods deteriorates adolescents' mental health. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1058190. [PMID: 36618694 PMCID: PMC9817134 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1058190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) and fast-food consumption is significantly associated with adolescents' poor mental health. Furthermore, sugar-sweetened beverage and fast-food consumption might form clustered diet patterns with significant positive associations in adolescent high school students. Thus, the combined consumption of SSBs and fast foods may have more negative effects on mental health with synergetic effects than the sum of their independent consumption. Methods This study aimed to identify the effects of combining the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and fast foods on mental health, including stress, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation among Korean high school students. Secondary data from 24,006 high school students were analyzed from the 17th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, 2021. For statistical analysis, complex sampling analysis using the SPSS Statistics 26.0 software was applied for descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis. Results In Korean adolescents, combining more than medium consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and fast foods was associated with more stress, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation than their independent consumption. In addition, combining high consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and low to high consumption of fast foods might have dose-dependent negative effects on stress, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation in Korean adolescents. Discussion Based on the results of this study, healthcare providers in schools and communities might develop various interventions including school/community-based feeding programs and policies targeting the restriction of SSB and fast-food consumption to improve adolescents' mental health.
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Warschburger P, Wortmann HR, Gisch UA, Baer NR, Schenk L, Anton V, Bergmann MM. An experimental approach to training interoceptive sensitivity: study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial. Nutr J 2022; 21:74. [PMID: 36529744 PMCID: PMC9761996 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-022-00827-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating in absence of hunger is quite common and often associated with an increased energy intake co-existent with a poorer food choice. Intuitive eating (IE), i.e., eating in accordance with internal hunger and satiety cues, may protect from overeating. IE, however, requires accurate perception and processing of one's own bodily signals, also referred to as interoceptive sensitivity. Training interoceptive sensitivity might therefore be an effective method to promote IE and prevent overeating. As most studies on eating behavior are conducted in younger adults and close social relationships influence health-related behavior, this study focuses on middle-aged and older couples. METHODS The present pilot randomized intervention study aims at investigating the feasibility and effectiveness of a 21-day mindfulness-based training program designed to increase interoceptive sensitivity. A total of N = 60 couples participating in the NutriAct Family Study, aged 50-80 years, will be recruited. This randomized-controlled intervention study comprises three measurement points (pre-intervention, post-intervention, 4-week follow-up) and a 21-day training that consists of daily mindfulness-based guided audio exercises (e.g., body scan). A three-arm intervention study design is applied to compare two intervention groups (training together as a couple vs. training alone) with a control group (no training). Each measurement point includes the assessment of self-reported and objective indicators of interoceptive sensitivity (primary outcome), self-reported indicators of intuitive and maladaptive eating (secondary outcomes), and additional variables. A training evaluation applying focus group discussions will be conducted to assess participants' overall acceptance of the training and its feasibility. DISCUSSION By investigating the feasibility and effectiveness of a mindfulness-based training program to increase interoceptive sensitivity, the present study will contribute to a deeper understanding of how to promote healthy eating in older age. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), no. DRKS00024903. Retrospectively registered on April 21, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Warschburger
- NutriAct – Competence Cluster Nutrition Research, Potsdam, Berlin Germany ,grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Department of Psychology, Counseling Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hanna R. Wortmann
- NutriAct – Competence Cluster Nutrition Research, Potsdam, Berlin Germany ,grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Department of Psychology, Counseling Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ulrike A. Gisch
- NutriAct – Competence Cluster Nutrition Research, Potsdam, Berlin Germany ,grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Department of Psychology, Counseling Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nadja-Raphaela Baer
- NutriAct – Competence Cluster Nutrition Research, Potsdam, Berlin Germany ,grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Liane Schenk
- NutriAct – Competence Cluster Nutrition Research, Potsdam, Berlin Germany ,grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Verena Anton
- NutriAct – Competence Cluster Nutrition Research, Potsdam, Berlin Germany ,grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuela M. Bergmann
- NutriAct – Competence Cluster Nutrition Research, Potsdam, Berlin Germany ,grid.418213.d0000 0004 0390 0098German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
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Abstract
In three studies, we examined food as an elicitor of nostalgia. Study 1 participants visualised eating either a nostalgic or regularly consumed food. Study 2 participants visualised consuming 12 foods. Study 3 participants consumed 12 flavour samples. Following their food experiences, all participants responded to questions regarding the profile of food-evoked nostalgia (i.e. autobiographical relevance, arousal, familiarity, positive and negative emotions) and several psychological functions (i.e. positive affect, self-esteem, social connectedness, meaning in life). Study 2 and 3 participants also reported their state nostalgia. Results revealed that food is a powerful elicitor of nostalgia. Food-evoked nostalgia has a similar contextual profile to previously examined elicitors, but is a predominantly positive emotional experience. Food-evoked nostalgia served multiple psychological functions and predicted greater state nostalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea A. Reid
- Department of Psychology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Green
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sophie Buchmaier
- Department of Psychology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Devin K. McSween
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Tim Wildschut
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Frank T, Rodriguez Pouget E, Fuster M. Food Environments in Times of Crises: Examining Menu Changes in Response to COVID-19 Among Hispanic Caribbean Restaurants in New York City. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2022.2118563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tara Frank
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Enrique Rodriguez Pouget
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Melissa Fuster
- Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Dicker-Oren SD, Gelkopf M, Greene T. The dynamic network associations of food craving, restrained eating, hunger and negative emotions. Appetite 2022; 175:106019. [PMID: 35500722 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Food craving, restrained eating, hunger, and negative emotions may predict and reinforce one another. However, less is known about how they interact together as a complex system in daily life. Therefore, we used a dynamic network approach to examine the associations between food craving, restrained eating, hunger and negative emotions in daily life. METHODS Food craving, restrained eating, hunger and negative emotions were measured using ecological momentary assessment three times a day over ten days in a community sample in Israel (n = 123). A two-step multilevel vector auto-regression network analysis was used to estimate temporal, contemporaneous and between-persons networks. RESULTS In the temporal network, restrained eating was the most central predictor of eating behaviors and negative emotions, predicting food craving and hunger as well as sadness and loneliness. Food craving was also predicted by hunger and stress, and hunger predicted loneliness. In the contemporaneous network, food craving was associated with hunger and feeling bored, and higher anger was associated with lower restrained eating. Stress and sadness were central negative emotions in the models. DISCUSSION This study suggests possible temporal and contemporaneous relationships between food craving, restrained eating, hunger and negative emotions, emphasizing their complex interactions in daily life. Restrained eating and stress should be investigated as potential targets for interventions addressing food craving and overeating.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Dicker-Oren
- The Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
| | - M Gelkopf
- The Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - T Greene
- The Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Moro GL, Bert F, Catozzi D, Scacchi A, Siliquini R. Emotional eating and depression during the pandemic: QuarantEat, an Italian nationwide survey. Nutrition 2022; 103-104:111825. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Uccula A, Enna M, Mulatti C. Responding to Distress Choosing Between Care and Food: Attachment Orientation and Emotion Regulation. Front Psychol 2022; 13:930168. [PMID: 35936249 PMCID: PMC9350510 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.930168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
According to attachment theory, care-seeking is the primary coping strategy in threatening situations. However, anxious and avoidant individuals often use secondary regulation strategies. The purpose of this study was to test whether, in a potentially threatening situation, the participants' attachment orientation affects whether they prefer to resort to care or food to regulate their negative emotions. Ninety-two participants took part in an experimental situation in which they had to choose between pictures of care or food, following the presentation of threatening images randomly alternating with neutral ones. Results showed that care pictures were chosen to a greater extent in the threatening condition compared to the food pictures and the neutral condition, without distinction of attachment orientation. In addition, in threatening condition, anxious individuals chose to care less than non-anxious individuals. Finally, avoidant participants chose care pictures to a lesser extent than individuals low on avoidance in the neutral condition, but not in the threatening condition. In conclusion, attachment anxiety was associated with more difficulty in the choice of representation of care in a threatening condition, while avoidant individuals show their defensive strategies in the neutral condition rather than in the threatening condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arcangelo Uccula
- Department of History, Human Sciences and Education, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Arcangelo Uccula
| | - Mauro Enna
- Department of History, Human Sciences and Education, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Claudio Mulatti
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Devonport TJ, Chen-Wilson CH, Nicholls W, Robazza C, Cagas JY, Fernández-Montalvo J, Choi Y, Ruiz MC. Brief Remote Intervention to Manage Food Cravings and Emotions During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Pilot Study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:903096. [PMID: 35846655 PMCID: PMC9280415 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.903096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic people have endured potentially stressful challenges which have influenced behaviors such as eating. This pilot study examined the effectiveness of two brief interventions aimed to help individuals deal with food cravings and associated emotional experiences. Participants were 165 individuals residing in United Kingdom, Finland, Philippines, Spain, Italy, Brazil, North America, South Korea, and China. The study was implemented remotely, thus without any contact with researchers, and involved two groups. Group one participants were requested to use daily diaries for seven consecutive days to assess the frequency of experience of their food cravings, frequency of giving in to cravings, and difficulty resisting cravings, as well as emotional states associated with their cravings. In addition to completing daily food diaries, participants in group two were asked to engage in mindful eating practice and forming implementation intentions. Participants assessed their perceived changes in eating, wellbeing, and health at the beginning and end of the intervention. Repeated measures MANOVAs indicated that participants experienced significantly less food cravings (i.e., craving experience, acting on cravings, difficulty resisting), as well as lower intensities of unpleasant states associated with cravings across time (T1 vs. T7). In contrast to our hypothesis, the main effects of the group (food craving diary vs. food craving diary and mindful eating practice) were not significant. Participants reported less eating and enhanced wellbeing at the end of the study (T7 vs. T1). Our findings can be used to inform future remote interventions to manage food cravings and associated emotions and highlight the need for alternative solutions to increase participant engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey J. Devonport
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Centre, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Chao-Hwa Chen-Wilson
- Faculty of Health, Education & Society, University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy Nicholls
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio Robazza
- Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Jonathan Y. Cagas
- Department of Sports Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon, Philippines
| | | | - Youngjun Choi
- Department of Physical Education, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Montse C. Ruiz
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Mei D, Deng Y, Li Q, Lin Z, Jiang H, Zhang J, Ming W, Zhang H, Sun X, Yan G, Wu Y. Current Status and Influencing Factors of Eating Behavior in Residents at the Age of 18~60: A Cross-Sectional Study in China. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132585. [PMID: 35807764 PMCID: PMC9268282 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As eating behavior is important to health, this cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the factors influencing the eating behavior related to overweight and obesity of Chinese residents aged 18~60 based on the Ecological Model of Health Behavior. The short-form of the Eating Behavior Scale (EBS-SF) was applied to evaluate eating behavior. The multivariable linear stepwise regression analysis was used to identify and analyze the influence factors, and the receiver operating characteristic curves analysis to validate the predictive capability of the EBS-SF score in differentiating overweight and obesity. A total of 8623 participants were enrolled. In the personal characteristics, male (β = −0.03), older [36–45 years (β = −0.06) or 46–60 years (β = −0.07)], higher scores of Agreeableness (β = −0.04), Conscientiousness (β = −0.14) or Openness (β = −0.03) contributed to healthy eating behavior. In the individual behaviors, those who smoked (β = 0.04), drank alcohol (β = 0.05), exercised frequently (β = 0.07), had higher PHQ-9 scores (β = 0.29) may have improper eating habits. As for the interpersonal networks, the residents who were married (β = −0.04) behaved well when eating, while those who had offspring or siblings tended to have unhealthy eating behavior. At the community level, living in Western China (β = −0.03), having a monthly household income of 6001–9000 yuan per capita (β = −0.04), having no debt (β = −0.02), being retired (β = −0.03), or having lower PSSS scores (β = −0.03) led to lower EBS-SF scores. And the EBS-SF score demonstrated a moderate-high accuracy in predicting overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Mei
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Yuqian Deng
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China;
| | - Qiyu Li
- School of Humanities and Health Management, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China;
| | - Zhi Lin
- College of Communication and Art Design, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200000, China;
| | - Huiwen Jiang
- Department of Public Administration, School of Health Administration, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China;
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China;
| | - Waikit Ming
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China;
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - Xinying Sun
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Guanyun Yan
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China;
- Correspondence: (G.Y.); (Y.W.); Tel.: +86-13936561788 (G.Y.); +86-18810169630 (Y.W.)
| | - Yibo Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China;
- Correspondence: (G.Y.); (Y.W.); Tel.: +86-13936561788 (G.Y.); +86-18810169630 (Y.W.)
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Brenton-Peters J, Consedine NS, Roy R, Cavadino A, Serlachius A. Self-compassion, Stress, and Eating Behaviour: Exploring the Effects of Self-compassion on Dietary Choice and Food Craving After Laboratory-Induced Stress. Int J Behav Med 2022; 30:438-447. [PMID: 35731497 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-022-10110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress has been linked to high-fat and high-sugar food consumption. Self-compassion is associated with better emotional and physiological responses to stress. The current study explored whether trait self-compassion or induced state self-compassion could improve dietary choice and food craving after a stress induction. METHOD Fifty-three university students completed an online survey assessing self-compassion, eating restraint, and general perceived stress before attending a laboratory visit. In the laboratory, participants were randomised to a neutral writing control or a self-compassion letter writing condition before a stress induction. Measures of heart rate, heart rate variability, state self-compassion, dietary choice, and state food cravings were taken. RESULTS The brief self-compassion intervention did not sufficiently increase state self-compassion in the intervention group compared to the neutral writing condition. There was no effect of the written self-compassion intervention on heart rate, heart rate variability, dietary choice, or food craving. However, higher trait self-compassion was associated with healthier dietary choices (F(1, 49) = 5.35, p = .025, R2 = .098). CONCLUSION Results suggest that higher trait self-compassion improved dietary choice after stress in a controlled environment in a university population. Further research is warranted to explore whether brief self-compassion interventions can improve state self-compassion and thereby influence dietary choices and food cravings after a stress induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Brenton-Peters
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, 22-30 Park Avenue, Building 507, Auckland, New Zealand
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nathan S Consedine
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, 22-30 Park Avenue, Building 507, Auckland, New Zealand
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rajshri Roy
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alana Cavadino
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anna Serlachius
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, 22-30 Park Avenue, Building 507, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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An Explorative Analysis of the Influence of Landscape Visual Aesthetic Quality on Food Preferences in Italy: A Pilot Study. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121779. [PMID: 35741975 PMCID: PMC9222271 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
As some previous research has highlighted, landscape characteristics are useful for improving the market share of some food products and the market power of companies in the agrifood sector. The purpose of this study is to verify whether the visual aesthetic quality of the landscape can influence food preferences and the willingness to pay for agrifood products. To this end, the preferences of 64 participants for three types of juice (orange, peach and pear) were analysed through a blind tasting experiment. Each participant tasted three pairs of fruit juices, one for each type of juice. The juices belonging to each pair were the same, but before tasting, the participants were shown two photos portraying the orchards where the fruits were produced, so participants were induced to think that the juices were different. The landscape associated with each pair of photographs had a different visual aesthetic quality (high or low). Participants were asked to provide three measures while tasting the juices: their overall juice assessment using a seven-point hedonic scale, the visual aesthetic quality of the photos on a seven-point Likert scale, and their willingness to pay as a percentage variation of the price that they usually pay to buy fruit juices. According to our results, the mean overall liking score and the mean willingness to pay percentage variation for the juices associated with a preferred landscape was higher and statistically different. Despite the need for further research, our results suggest that landscape acts as a proxy for quality in the evaluation of some food products and that the use of landscape photos could be a valid marketing strategy in agribusiness.
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Hartman-Petrycka M, Witkoś J, Lebiedowska A, Błońska-Fajfrowska B. Individual characteristics, including olfactory efficiency, age, body mass index, smoking and the sex hormones status, and food preferences of women in Poland. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13538. [PMID: 35726259 PMCID: PMC9206430 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Food choices made by most people mainly depend on food preferences. Knowing how certain factors affect food preferences can help dietitians working with women to understand the relationship between individual factors and the challenges faced by the women in changing eating habits. The aim of the study was to examine the food preferences of women and to assess the impact of the sense of smell, age, body mass index (BMI), smoking and hormonal status (phase of the menstrual cycle, hormonal contraception) on the declared pleasure derived from eating various types of food. Methods A total of 190 women living in the Górnośląsko-Zagłębiowska Metropolis in Poland aged 18-75 (19.29-26.71 RNO) years participated in the study. The collected survey data included age, BMI, smoking, phase of the menstrual cycle and hormonal contraception. Olfactory sensitivity was measured by T08 olfactometer. Additionally, food preferences were assessed, using 24 different food types, which were presented as pictures. To evaluate food preferences 10 cm visual analogue scale was used. Results The most liked foods were: fruits (M = 8.81, SD = 1.67), sweet desserts (M = 8.44, SD = 2.30), vegetables and salads (M = 8.08, SD = 2.24), chocolate (M = 7.84, SD = 2.76), and poultry (M = 7.30, SD = 2.47). The least liked foods were: salty products (M = 4.98, SD = 3.03), milk soup (M = 3.30, SD = 3.13), and seafood (M = 2.99, SD = 3.28). The influence of the analyzed factors on the degree of liking six food types was shown. Women with better ability to name scents preferred sausages/ham and beef/pork. Women with a higher BMI had lower preference for jellybeans and broth. Women who were heavier smokers had lower preference for milk soup. In women using hormonal contraception, pleasure from eating sausages and ham was higher than compared to women in all phases of the monthly cycle. In women in the follicular phase the pleasure from eating pasta was lower when compared to women in the ovulatory phase, the luteal phase and those using hormonal contraception. In women in the ovulatory phase the pleasure from eating candies and jellybeans was lower when compared to women in the follicular phase, the luteal phase and those using hormonal contraception. In women in the ovulatory phase, also pleasure from eating broth was lower when compared to women in the luteal phase and those using hormonal contraception. Conclusions Among women in Poland, the top five preferred food types are fruits, sweet desserts, vegetables/salads, chocolate and poultry. To confirm the extent to which the declared pleasure derived from eating these food types translates into health condition, further research on the consumption of these food types is necessary. The impact of the sense of smell, BMI, smoking, or menstrual cycle phase and hormonal contraception on the declared pleasure derived from eating was observed for six out of twenty-four food types. The hormonal status was the factor most significantly influencing food preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Hartman-Petrycka
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Witkoś
- Medicine and Health Science, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Lebiedowska
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Barbara Błońska-Fajfrowska
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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O’Leary D, Smith A, Salehi E, Gross JJ. Negative Affect, Affect Regulation, and Food Choice: A Value-Based Decision-Making Analysis. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/19485506221079947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Maladaptive eating is one of the greatest threats to health and well-being in the 21st century. Psychological factors that drive maladaptive eating are of interest as they may offer low-cost intervention targets. One such factor is negative affect. If negative affect does lead to maladaptive eating, interventions that reduce negative affect should lead to improved eating and food choice. One relevant class of techniques is affect regulation strategies. In the present research, we use survey data and a value-based decision-making task to demonstrate that negative affect is associated with maladaptive eating and food choice. We find that negative affect decreases the weight that participants place on the health benefits of food. We also show that teaching participants to use reappraisal to downregulate negative affect leads to healthier food choices. These findings indicate that reappraisal applied to incidental negative affect may be an effective method for improving eating and food choice.
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Pannicke B, Blechert J, Reichenberger J, Kaiser T. Clustering individuals' temporal patterns of affective states, hunger, and food craving by latent class vector-autoregression. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:57. [PMID: 35597952 PMCID: PMC9123755 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eating plays an important role in mental and physical health and is influenced by affective (e.g., emotions, stress) and appetitive (i.e., food craving, hunger) states, among others. Yet, substantial temporal variability and marked individual differences in these relationships have been reported. Exploratory data analytical approaches that account for variability between and within individuals might benefit respective theory development and subsequent confirmatory studies. Methods Across 2 weeks, 115 individuals (83% female) reported on momentary affective states, hunger, and food craving six times a day. Based on these ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data we investigated whether latent class vector-autoregression (LCVAR) can identify different clusters of participants based on similarities in their temporal associations between these states. Results LCVAR allocated participants into three distinct clusters. Within clusters, we found both positive and negative associations between affective states and hunger/food craving, which further varied temporally across lags. Associations between hunger/food craving and subsequent affective states were more pronounced than vice versa. Clusters differed on eating-related traits such as stress-eating and food craving as well as on EMA completion rates. Discussion LCVAR provides novel opportunities to analyse time-series data in affective science and eating behaviour research and uncovers that traditional models of affect-eating relationships might be overly simplistic. Temporal associations differ between subgroups of individuals with specific links to eating-related traits. Moreover, even within subgroups, differences in associations across time and specific affective states can be observed. To account for this high degree of variability, future research and theories should consider individual differences in direction and time lag of associations between affective states and eating behaviour, daytime and specific affective states. In addition to that, methodological implications for EMA research are discussed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-022-01293-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Pannicke
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Jens Blechert
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Julia Reichenberger
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tim Kaiser
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Tapper K. Mindful eating: what we know so far. NUTR BULL 2022; 47:168-185. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katy Tapper
- Department of Psychology City, University of London London UK
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