1
|
Ramachandra SS, Sime FB, Naicker S, Han P, Lee RS, C Wallis S, Roberts JA, Ivanovski S. An in vitro dynamic bioreactor model for evaluating antimicrobial effectiveness on periodontal polymicrobial biofilms: a proof-of-concept study. J Periodontol 2024; 95:384-396. [PMID: 37724702 DOI: 10.1002/jper.23-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate an in vitro dynamic bioreactor model by evaluating the antimicrobial effect of clinically relevant amoxicillin doses on polymicrobial microcosm biofilms derived from subgingival plaque. METHODS Biofilms from pooled subgingival plaque were grown for 108 hours in control and experimental dynamic biofilm reactors. Amoxicillin was subsequently infused into the experimental reactor to simulate the pharmacokinetic profile of a standard 500 mg thrice-daily dosing regimen over 5 days and biofilms were assessed by live/dead staining, scanning electron microscopy, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Following establishment of the oral microcosm biofilms, confocal imaging analysis showed a significant increase in dead bacteria at 8 hours (p = 0.0095), 48 hours (p = 0.0070), 96 hours (p = 0.0140), and 120 hours (p < 0.0001) in the amoxicillin-treated biofilms compared to the control biofilms. Nevertheless, viable bacteria remained in the center of the biofilm at all timepoints. Significant reductions/elimination in Campylobacter rectus, Tannerella forsythia, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius was observed among the amoxicillin-treated biofilms at the 96 and 120 hour timepoints. CONCLUSION A novel in vitro dynamic model of oral microcosm biofilms was effective in modeling the antimicrobial effect of a pharmacokinetically simulated clinically relevant dose of amoxicillin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Sulugodu Ramachandra
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fekade Bruck Sime
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Saiyuri Naicker
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pingping Han
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Center for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ryan Sb Lee
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Center for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Steven C Wallis
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason A Roberts
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Departments of Pharmacy and Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Division of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care Emergency and Pain Medicine, Nîmes University Hospital, University of Montpellier, Nîmes, France
| | - Sašo Ivanovski
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Center for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Z, Shen Y, Haapasalo M. Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Properties of Bioceramic Materials in Endodontics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:7594. [PMID: 34947188 PMCID: PMC8706218 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microbes are prevalent in the root canals of necrotic teeth, and they are the cause of primary and post-treatment apical periodontitis. Bacteria can dwell within the infected root canal system as surface-adherent biofilm structures, which exhibit high resistance to antimicrobial agents. Bioceramic materials, with their biocompatible nature and excellent physico-chemical properties, have been widely used in dental applications, including endodontics. This review focuses on the application of bioceramic technology in endodontic disinfection and the antibiofilm effects of endodontic bioceramic materials. Different bioceramic materials have shown different levels of antibiofilm effects. New supplements have emerged to potentially enhance the antibiofilm properties of bioceramics aiming to achieve the goal of microbial elimination in the root canal system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Markus Haapasalo
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
|
4
|
Bachtiar BM, Fath T, Widowati R, Bachtiar EW. Quantification and Pathogenicity of Candida albicans in Denture-Wearing and Nondenture-Wearing Elderly. Eur J Dent 2020; 14:423-428. [PMID: 32542630 PMCID: PMC7440952 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1712779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective
The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the microbial loads and pathogenicity traits of oral
Candida albicans
in denture-wearing (DW;
n
= 15) and nondenture-wearing (NDW;
n
= 15) elderly persons.
Materials and Methods
The fungal counts of the saliva, tongue dorsa, and prosthesis-fitting surfaces of the participants were assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction to compare the quantity and expression of selected
C. albicans
biofilm-associated genes (
ALS3
,
HWP1
, and
YWP1
).
Statistical Analysis
The obtained data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance, followed by Bartlett’s test. When appropriate, the Student’s
t
-test was also used; a value of
p
< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
In both groups, the count of
C. albicans
was found to be significantly higher in saliva than in other oral samples. The expression of the hypha-specific genes (
ALS3
and
HWP1
) in the tongue dorsa was higher in the DW group (
p
< 0.05), whereas the transcription level of the yeast-specific gene (
YWP1)
was significantly higher in the NDW group.
Conclusion
Both tongue dorsa and dentures appear to be sharing factors that are important for
C. albicans
biofilm growth in abiotic and biotic oral surfaces of the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boy M Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology and Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Turmidzi Fath
- Department of Biology, Graduate School, Universitas Nasional, South Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Retno Widowati
- Department of Biology, Graduate School, Universitas Nasional, South Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Endang W Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology and Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Z, Shen Y, Haapasalo M. Dynamics of Dissolution, Killing, and Inhibition of Dental Plaque Biofilm. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:964. [PMID: 32508783 PMCID: PMC7251032 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to establish a standardized model that makes it possible to evaluate the dynamic dissolution of biofilm, killing of biofilm microbes and inhibition of growth of biofilm by disinfecting solutions. Biofilm was grown from dental plaque bacteria on collagen-coated hydroxyapatite (HA) disks for 3 days or 3 weeks under anaerobic conditions. Biofilms were stained with the LIVE/DEAD viability stain and subjected to sterile water, 2% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 6% NaOCl, or 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) for 32 min. Dynamic change in fluorescence on bacterial cells and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) during the exposure was analyzed using Alexa Fluor 647-labeled dextran conjugate and a live-cell imaging confocal laser scanning microscopy (LC-CLSM). The biofilm structures after treatments were visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The treated biofilms on HA disks were collected and subjected to colony forming unit (CFU) counting. Another set of sterile HA disks were coated with CHX prior to the monitoring of plaque biofilm growth for 12 h. The LC-CLSM results showed that NaOCl dissolved biofilm effectively, more so at a higher concentration and longer exposure time. Six percent NaOCl was the most effective at dissolving and killing bacteria (e.g., 99% bacterial reduction in 3-day-old biofilm and 95% bacterial reduction in 3-week-old biofilm in 32 min) followed by 2% NaOCl and CHX. Sodium hypochlorite dissolved over 99.9% of the EPS whereas CHX only slightly reduced the EPS biovolume in 32 min. CFU results indicated that the dispersed biofilm bacteria are more resistant than planktonic bacteria to disinfectants. SEM showed the disruption of biofilm after exposures to CHX and NaOCl. The use of 2% CHX and sterile water did not result in biofilm dissolution. However, prior exposure of the HA disks to 2 and 0.2% CHX for 3 min prevented biofilm from growing on the HA disk surfaces for at least 12 h. This new platform has the potential to aid in a better understanding of the antibiofilm properties of oral disinfectants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhejun Wang
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ya Shen
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Markus Haapasalo
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kirkwood B, Miller M, Milleman J, Milleman K, Leung K. Four-day plaque regrowth evaluation of a peptide chewing gum in a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Clin Exp Dent Res 2020; 6:318-327. [PMID: 32558314 PMCID: PMC7301399 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antimicrobial peptide, KSL-W, formulated as an antiplaque chewing gum (APCG), was tested to evaluate the dental plaque inhibition activity and safety in an IRB approved and FDA regulated 4-day plaque regrowth clinical study. METHODS This Phase 2 two-armed placebo-controlled, double blind, randomized (1:1), multiple dose, and single-center study was evaluated in a proof of concept for the APCG containing 30 mg antimicrobial peptide KSL-W. Twenty six generally healthy subjects were consented and randomized into the study. The subjects were administered a dose three times per day for four treatment days following a complete dental prophylaxis. Participants were prohibited from conducting oral hygiene care (teeth brushing, flossing, and/or mouth wash rinse) for the duration of the trial. Twelve to 16 hr prior to the baseline visit, the subjects were to abstain from oral hygiene care. The Quigley-Hein Turesky plaque index (QHT) score and the oral soft tissue clinical exams were obtained at both Day 0 and Day 4. RESULTS All randomized study subjects that received either APCG or placebo gum completed the study with no significant adverse events recorded. The APCG significantly inhibited the regrowth of dental plaque over the course of 4 days. The whole mouth data demonstrated a difference in the QHT between the APCG and the placebo gum of 1.14 (SE = 0.27) and 95% confidence bounds of 0.58, 1.70 with a two-tailed P value of .0003. CONCLUSION Considering the limited sample size, the proof of concept analysis in this Phase 2 study confirmed that APCG is effective against dental plaque formation and safe for human use. (ClinicalTrials.gov Study ID# NCT02864901).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Kirkwood
- Dental and Craniofacial TraumaUS Army Institute of Surgical ResearchSan AntonioTexas
| | | | | | | | - Kai Leung
- Dental and Craniofacial TraumaUS Army Institute of Surgical ResearchSan AntonioTexas
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Brandenburg KS, Weaver AJ, Qian L, You T, Chen P, Karna SLR, Fourcaudot AB, Sebastian EA, Abercrombie JJ, Pineda U, Hong J, Wienandt NA, Leung KP. Development of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms in Partial-Thickness Burn Wounds Using a Sprague-Dawley Rat Model. J Burn Care Res 2020; 40:44-57. [PMID: 30137429 PMCID: PMC6300396 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/iry043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We used a modified Walker–Mason scald burn rat model to demonstrate that Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common opportunistic pathogen in the burn ward and notable biofilm former, establishes biofilms within deep partial-thickness burn wounds in rats. Deep partial-thickness burn wounds, ~10% of the TBSA, were created in anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats (350–450 g; n = 84). Immediately post-burn, 100 µl of P. aeruginosa in phosphate-buffered saline at 1 × 103, 1 × 104, or 1 × 105 cells/wound was spread over the burn surface . At 1, 3, 7, and 11 days post-burn, animals were euthanized and blood and tissue were collected for complete blood counts, colony-forming unit (CFU) counts, biofilm gene expression, histology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and myeloperoxidase activity in the burn eschar. P. aeruginosa developed robust biofilm wound infections, plateauing at ~1 × 109 CFU/g burn tissue within 7 days regardless of inoculum size. Expression of Pseudomonas alginate genes and other virulence factors in the infected wound indicated formation of mature P. aeruginosa biofilm within the burn eschar. Compared to un-inoculated wounds, P. aeruginosa infection caused both local and systemic immune responses demonstrated by changes in systemic neutrophil counts, histology, and myeloperoxidase activity within the burn wound. Additionally, SEM showed P. aeruginosa enmeshed within an extracellular matrix on the burn surface as well as penetrating 500–600 µm deep into the eschar. P. aeruginosa establishes biofilms within deep partial-thickness burn wounds and invades deep into the burned tissue. This new in vivo biofilm infection model is valuable for testing novel anti-biofilm agents to advance burn care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S Brandenburg
- Dental and Craniofacial Trauma Research and Tissue Regeneration Directorate (DCTRTRD), U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Alan J Weaver
- Dental and Craniofacial Trauma Research and Tissue Regeneration Directorate (DCTRTRD), U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Liwu Qian
- Dental and Craniofacial Trauma Research and Tissue Regeneration Directorate (DCTRTRD), U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Tao You
- Dental and Craniofacial Trauma Research and Tissue Regeneration Directorate (DCTRTRD), U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ping Chen
- Dental and Craniofacial Trauma Research and Tissue Regeneration Directorate (DCTRTRD), U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas
| | - S L Rajasekhar Karna
- Dental and Craniofacial Trauma Research and Tissue Regeneration Directorate (DCTRTRD), U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Andrea B Fourcaudot
- Dental and Craniofacial Trauma Research and Tissue Regeneration Directorate (DCTRTRD), U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Eliza A Sebastian
- Dental and Craniofacial Trauma Research and Tissue Regeneration Directorate (DCTRTRD), U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Johnathan J Abercrombie
- Dental and Craniofacial Trauma Research and Tissue Regeneration Directorate (DCTRTRD), U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Uzziel Pineda
- Dental and Craniofacial Trauma Research and Tissue Regeneration Directorate (DCTRTRD), U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jinson Hong
- Dental and Craniofacial Trauma Research and Tissue Regeneration Directorate (DCTRTRD), U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas.,Armed Forces Busan Hospital, Republic of Korea Army
| | | | - Kai P Leung
- Dental and Craniofacial Trauma Research and Tissue Regeneration Directorate (DCTRTRD), U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Teirlinck E, Fraire J, Van Acker H, Wille J, Swimberghe R, Brans T, Xiong R, Meire M, De Moor R, De Smedt S, Coenye T, Braeckmans K. Laser-induced vapor nanobubbles improve diffusion in biofilms of antimicrobial agents for wound care. Biofilm 2019; 1:100004. [PMID: 33447791 PMCID: PMC7798460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2019.100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Being responsible for delayed wound healing, the presence of biofilms in infected wounds leads to chronic, and difficult to treat infections. One of the reasons why antimicrobial treatment often fails to cure biofilm infections is the reduced penetration rate of antibiotics through dense biofilms. Strategies that have the ability to somehow interfere with the integrity of biofilms and allowing a better penetration of drugs are highly sought after. A promising new approach is the use of laser-induced vapor nanobubbles (VNB), of which it was recently demonstrated that it can substantially enhance the penetration of antibiotics into biofilms, resulting in a marked improvement of the killing efficiency. In this study, we examined if treatment of biofilms with laser-induced vapor nanobubbles (VNB) can enhance the potency of antimicrobials which are commonly used to treat wound infections, including povidone-iodine, chlorhexidine, benzalkonium chloride, cetrimonium bromide and mupirocin. Our investigations were performed on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms, which are often implicated in chronic wound infections. Pre-treatment of biofilms with laser-induced VNB did enhance the killing efficiency of those antimicrobials which experience a diffusion barrier in the biofilms, while this was not the case for those compounds for which there is no diffusion barrier. The magnitude of the enhanced potency was in most cases similar to the enhancement that was obtained when the biofilms were completely disrupted by vortexing and sonication. These results show that laser-induced VNB are indeed a very efficient way to enhance drug penetration deep into biofilms, and pave the way towards clinical translation of this novel approach for treatment of wound infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Teirlinck
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, University of Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - J.C. Fraire
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, University of Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - H. Van Acker
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - J. Wille
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - R. Swimberghe
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Section of Endodontology, University of Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - T. Brans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, University of Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - R. Xiong
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, University of Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - M. Meire
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Section of Endodontology, University of Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - R.J.G. De Moor
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Section of Endodontology, University of Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - S.C. De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, University of Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - T. Coenye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - K. Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, University of Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- IEMN UMR 8520, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d’Ascq, 59652, France
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules UMR 8523, Villeneuve d’Ascq, 59655, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Total alkaloids of Sophora alopecuroides and matrine inhibit auto-inducer 2 in the biofilms of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Microb Pathog 2019; 136:103698. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
10
|
Mashima I, Miyakawa H, Scannapieco FA, Nakazawa F. Identification of an early stage biofilm inhibitor from Veillonella tobetsuensis. Anaerobe 2018; 52:86-91. [PMID: 29908228 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Oral biofilm, the cause of dental caries and periodontal diseases, consists of multiple bacterial species. Streptococcus spp. and Veillonella spp. have been reported as to be initial and early colonizers of oral biofilms. Our previous studies showed that Veillonella tobetsuensis may play an important role on the development of S. gordonii biofilms without coaggregation involving extracellular biomolecules. In this study, the effect of a cyclic dipeptide autoinducer from culture supernatants from V. tobetsuensis at late-exponential growth phase on S. gordonii biofilm was examined. The cyclic dipeptide, identified as cyclo (-L-Leu-L-Pro) by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, inhibited the development of S. gordonii biofilm. Furthermore, cyclo (-L-Leu-L-Pro) appeared not to cause bactericidal effects on planktonic cells of S. gordonii. This is the first report that oral Veillonella produces cyclo (-L-Leu-L-Pro) in their culture supernatants. Moreover, the results of this study suggest that cyclo (-L-Leu-L-Pro) may have an application to inhibit early stage development of oral biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Mashima
- Postdoctoral Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1, Kouji-machi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan; Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 3435 Main Street, Foster Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA; Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyakawa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Frank A Scannapieco
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 3435 Main Street, Foster Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Futoshi Nakazawa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li Y, Na R, Wang X, Liu H, Zhao L, Sun X, Ma G, Cui F. Fabrication of Antimicrobial Peptide-Loaded PLGA/Chitosan Composite Microspheres for Long-Acting Bacterial Resistance. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101637. [PMID: 28961197 PMCID: PMC6151433 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An antimicrobial decapeptide, KSL-W (KKVVFWVKFK-CONH₂), which could maintain stable antimicrobial activity in saliva, has therefore been widely used to inhibit biofilm formation on teeth and prevent the growth of oral microorganisms for related infectious diseases treatment. In order to control the release of KSL-W for long-term bacterial resistance, KSL-W-loaded PLGA/chitosan composite microspheres (KSL/PLGA/CS MSs) were prepared by electrospraying and combined crosslinking-emulsion methods. Different formulations of microspheres were characterized as to surface morphology, size distribution, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro drug release, and antimicrobial activity. Antibacterial experiment demonstrated the prolonged antimicrobial and inhibitory effects of KSL/PLGA/CS MSs on oral bacteria. Moreover, the cell proliferation assay proved that the released KSL-W antibacterial dosage had no cytotoxicity to the growth of osteoblast MC3T3-E1. Thus, our study suggested that the KSL-W-loaded PLGA/CS composite microspheres may have potentially therapeutic applications as an effective drug delivery system in the treatment of oral infectious diseases such as periodontitis and periodontitis, and also within bone graft substitutes for alveolar bone augmentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic & Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
- Department of Stomatology, Shengli Oil Field Central Hospital, Dongying 257034, China.
| | - Rongwei Na
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic & Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Xiumei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic & Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Huiying Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Lingyun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic & Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xiaodan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic & Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Guowu Ma
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Fuzhai Cui
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic & Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dental Biofilm and Laboratory Microbial Culture Models for Cariology Research. Dent J (Basel) 2017; 5:dj5020021. [PMID: 29563427 PMCID: PMC5806974 DOI: 10.3390/dj5020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries form through a complex interaction over time among dental plaque, fermentable carbohydrate, and host factors (including teeth and saliva). As a key factor, dental plaque or biofilm substantially influence the characteristic of the carious lesions. Laboratory microbial culture models are often used because they provide a controllable and constant environment for cariology research. Moreover, they do not have ethical problems associated with clinical studies. The design of the microbial culture model varies from simple to sophisticated according to the purpose of the investigation. Each model is a compromise between the reality of the oral cavity and the simplification of the model. Researchers, however, can still obtain meaningful and useful results from the models they select. Laboratory microbial culture models can be categorized into a closed system and an open system. Models in the closed system have a finite supply of nutrients, and are also simple and cost-effective. Models in the open system enabled the supply of a fresh culture medium and the removal of metabolites and spent culture liquid simultaneously. They provide better regulation of the biofilm growth rate than the models in the closed system. This review paper gives an overview of the dental plaque biofilm and laboratory microbial culture models used for cariology research.
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang Z, Shen Y, Haapasalo M. Antibiofilm peptides against oral biofilms. J Oral Microbiol 2017; 9:1327308. [PMID: 28748031 PMCID: PMC5508375 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2017.1327308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is a major entry point for bacteria and other microorganisms. Oral biofilms are formed by mixed communities of microorganisms embedded in an exopolysaccharide matrix. Biofilms forming on dental hard or soft tissue are the major cause of caries and endodontic and periodontal disease. Human oral biofilms exhibit high resistance to antimicrobial agents. Antibiofilm peptides constitute a diverse class of host-defense molecules that act to combat invasion and infection with biofilms. Different in vitro and in vivo biofilm models with quantitative analysis have been established to provide predictable platforms for the evaluation of the antibiofilm effect of oral antibiofilm peptides. These peptides have engendered considerable interest in the past decades as potential alternatives to traditional disinfecting agents due to their ability to target bacterial biofilms specifically, leading to the prevention of biofilm formation and destruction of pre-existing biofilms by Gram-positive and -negative bacterial pathogens and fungi. At the same time, challenges associated with the application of these antibiofilm peptides in dental practice also exist. The production of effective, nontoxic, and stable antibiofilm peptides is desired in both academic and industrial fields. This review focuses on the antibiofilm properties of current synthetic peptides and their application in different areas of dentistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhejun Wang
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ya Shen
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Markus Haapasalo
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mai S, Mauger MT, Niu LN, Barnes JB, Kao S, Bergeron BE, Ling JQ, Tay FR. Potential applications of antimicrobial peptides and their mimics in combating caries and pulpal infections. Acta Biomater 2017; 49:16-35. [PMID: 27845274 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short cationic host-defense molecules that provide the early stage of protection against invading microbes. They also have important modulatory roles and act as a bridge between innate and acquired immunity. The types and functions of oral AMPs were reviewed and experimental reports on the use of natural AMPs and their synthetic mimics in caries and pulpal infections were discussed. Natural AMPs in the oral cavity, predominantly defensins, cathelicidins and histatins, possess antimicrobial activities against oral pathogens and biofilms. Incomplete debridement of microorganisms in root canal space may precipitate an exacerbated immune response that results in periradicular bone resorption. Because of their immunomodulatory and wound healing potentials, AMPs stimulate pro-inflammatory cytokine production, recruit host defense cells and regulate immuno-inflammatory responses in the vicinity of the pulp and periapex. Recent rapid advances in the development of synthetic AMP mimics offer exciting opportunities for new therapeutic initiatives in root canal treatment and regenerative endodontics. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Identification of new therapeutic strategies to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens and biofilm-associated infections continues to be one of the major challenges in modern medicine. Despite the presence of commercialization hurdles and scientific challenges, interests in using antimicrobial peptides as therapeutic alternatives and adjuvants to combat pathogenic biofilms have never been foreshortened. Not only do these cationic peptides possess rapid killing ability, their multi-modal mechanisms of action render them advantageous in targeting different biofilm sub-populations. These factors, together with adjunctive bioactive functions such as immunomodulation and wound healing enhancement, render AMPs or their synthetic mimics exciting candidates to be considered as adjuncts in the treatment of caries, infected pulps and root canals.
Collapse
|
15
|
Design of a hydroxyapatite-binding antimicrobial peptide with improved retention and antibacterial efficacy for oral pathogen control. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38410. [PMID: 27910930 PMCID: PMC5133556 DOI: 10.1038/srep38410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling and reducing the formation of pathogenic biofilm on tooth surface is the key to the prevention and treatment of the biofilm-associated oral diseases. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), considered as possible future alternatives for conventional antibiotics, have been extensively studied for the control of bacterial infection. Due to the rapid dilution and degradation by human saliva, AMP preparations designed for oral use with longer retention and higher efficacy are in urgent need. To this end, a hydroxyapatite (HAp)-binding antimicrobial peptide (HBAMP), which is based on the fusion of a specific HAp-binding heptapeptide (HBP7) domain and a broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide (KSLW) domain, has been developed in our laboratory. HBAMP was supposed to form a contact-active antibacterial interface on tooth surface to inhibit the formation of biofilms. In this study, we investigated its binding behaviour, antibacterial activity against bacteria in both planktonic and sessile states, enzymatic stability in human saliva, and cytocompatibility to human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Our findings suggest that HBAMP could adsorb on tooth surface to provide effective antibacterial activity with improved retention. This study provides a proof-of-concept on using conjugated molecules to promote antibacterial efficacy by synergistically actions of HBAMP free in solution and bound on tooth surface.
Collapse
|
16
|
Steinberg D, Friedman M. Sustained-release drug delivery of antimicrobials in controlling of supragingival oral biofilms. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:571-581. [PMID: 27454813 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1213239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental caries, a bacterial biofilm-associated disease, is a prevalent oral health problem. It is a bacterial biofilm-associated disease. Conventional means of combating this disease involves oral hygiene, mostly tooth brushing. Supplementary means of prevention and treatment is often necessary. The use of sustained-release delivery systems, locally applied to the oral cavity appears to be one of the most acceptable avenues for the delivery of antimicrobial agents. Area covered: The development and current approaches of local sustained delivery technologies applied to the oral cavity for treatment and prevention of dental caries is discussed. The use of polymeric drug delivery systems, varnishes, liposomes and nanoparticles is presented. Expert opinion: The use of local sustained-release delivery systems applied to the oral cavity has numerous clinical, pharmacological and toxicological advantages over conventional means. Various sustained-release technologies have been suggested over the course of several years. The current research on oral diseases concentrates predominantly on improving the drug delivery. With progress in pharmaceutical technology, sophisticated controlled-release platforms are being developed. The sustained release concept is innovative and there are few products available for the benefit of all populations. Harmonizing academic research with the dental industry will surely expedite the development and commercialization of more products of such pharmacological nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doron Steinberg
- a Biofilm Research Laboratory, Institute of Dental Sciences , Hebrew University-Hadassah , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Michael Friedman
- b Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy , Hebrew University , Jerusalem , Israel
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sun M, Zhou Z, Dong J, Zhang J, Xia Y, Shu R. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) against periodontopathic bacteria. Microb Pathog 2016; 99:196-203. [PMID: 27565090 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are two major omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) with antimicrobial properties. In this study, we evaluated the potential antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of DHA and EPA against two periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum). MTT assay showed that DHA and EPA still exhibited no cytotoxicity to human oral tissue cells when the concentration came to 100 μM and 200 μM, respectively. Against P. gingivalis, DHA and EPA showed the same minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.5 μM, and a respective minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 12.5 μM and 25 μM. However, the MIC and MBC values of DHA or EPA against F. nucleatum were both greater than 100 μM. For early-stage bacteria, DHA or EPA displayed complete inhibition on the planktonic growth and biofilm formation of P. gingivalis from the lowest concentration of 12.5 μM. And the planktonic growth of F. nucleatum was slightly but not completely inhibited by DHA or EPA even at the concentration of 100 μM, however, the biofilm formation of F. nucleatum at 24 h was significantly restrained by 100 μM EPA. For exponential-phase bacteria, 100 μM DHA or EPA completely killed P. gingivalis and significantly decreased the viable counts of F. nucleatum. Meanwhile, the morphology of P. gingivalis was apparently damaged, and the virulence factor gene expression of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum was strongly downregulated. Besides, the viability and the thickness of mature P. gingivalis biofilm, together with the viability of mature F. nucleatum biofilm were both significantly decreased in the presence of 100 μM DHA or EPA. In conclusion, DHA and EPA possessed antibacterial activities against planktonic and biofilm forms of periodontal pathogens, which suggested that DHA and EPA might be potentially supplementary therapeutic agents for prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Sun
- Department of Periodontology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zichao Zhou
- Department of Periodontology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jiachen Dong
- Department of Periodontology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jichun Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yiru Xia
- Department of Periodontology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Rong Shu
- Department of Periodontology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Antibacterial Peptides: Opportunities for the Prevention and Treatment of Dental Caries. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2016; 3:68. [PMID: 26781572 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-011-9076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries is a multifactorial disease that is a growing and costly global health concern. The onset of disease is a consequence of an ecological imbalance within the dental plaque biofilm that favors specific acidogenic and aciduric caries pathogens, namely Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. It is now recognized by the scientific and medical community that it is neither possible nor desirable to totally eliminate dental plaque. Conversely, the chemical biocides most commonly used for caries prevention and treatment indiscriminately attack all plaque microorganisms. These treatments also suffer from other drawbacks such as bad taste, irritability, and staining. Furthermore, the public demand for safe and natural personal hygiene products continues to rise. Therefore, there are opportunities that exist to develop new strategies for the treatment of this disease. As an alternative to conventional antibiotics, antibacterial peptides have been explored greatly over the last three decades for many different therapeutic uses. There are currently tens of hundreds of antibacterial peptides characterized across the evolutionary spectrum, and among these, many demonstrate physical and/or biological properties that may be suitable for a more targeted approach to the selective control or elimination of putative caries pathogens. Additionally, many peptides, such as nisin, are odorless, colorless, and tasteless and do not cause irritation or staining. This review focuses on antibacterial peptides for their potential role in the treatment and prevention of dental caries and suggests candidates that need to be explored further. Practical considerations for the development of antibacterial peptides as oral treatments are also discussed.
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang Z, de la Fuente-Núñez C, Shen Y, Haapasalo M, Hancock REW. Treatment of Oral Multispecies Biofilms by an Anti-Biofilm Peptide. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132512. [PMID: 26168273 PMCID: PMC4500547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human oral biofilms are multispecies microbial communities that exhibit high resistance to antimicrobial agents. Dental plaque gives rise to highly prevalent and costly biofilm-related oral infections, which lead to caries or other types of oral infections. We investigated the ability of the recently identified anti-biofilm peptide 1018 to induce killing of bacterial cells present within oral multispecies biofilms. At 10 μg/ml (6.5 μM), peptide 1018 was able to significantly (p<0.05) prevent biofilm formation over 3 days. The activity of the peptide on preformed biofilms was found to be concentration-dependent since more than 60% of the total plaque biofilm cell population was killed by 10 μg/ml of peptide 1018 in 3 days, while at 5 μg/ml 50% of cells were dead and at 1 μg/ml the peptide triggered cell death in around 30% of the total bacterial population, as revealed by confocal microscopy. The presence of saliva did not affect peptide activity, since no statistically significant difference was found in the ability of peptide 1018 to kill oral biofilms using either saliva coated and non-saliva coated hydroxyapatite surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy experiments indicated that peptide 1018 induced cell lysis in plaque biofilms. Furthermore, combined treatment using peptide 1018 and chlorhexidine (CHX) increased the anti-biofilm activity of each compound compared to when these were used alone, resulting in >50% of the biofilm being killed and >35% being dispersed in only 3 minutes. Peptide 1018 may potentially be used by itself or in combination with CHX as a non-toxic and effective anti-biofilm agent for plaque disinfection in clinical dentistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhejun Wang
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Núñez
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ya Shen
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Markus Haapasalo
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail: (MH); (REWH)
| | - Robert E. W. Hancock
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- * E-mail: (MH); (REWH)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kouidhi B, Al Qurashi YMA, Chaieb K. Drug resistance of bacterial dental biofilm and the potential use of natural compounds as alternative for prevention and treatment. Microb Pathog 2015; 80:39-49. [PMID: 25708507 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Oral diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal disease are directly linked with the ability of bacteria to form biofilm. The development of dental caries involves acidogenic and aciduric Gram-positive bacteria colonizing the supragingival biofilm (Streptococcus, Lactobacillus and Actinomycetes). Periodontal diseases have been linked to anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria forming a subgingival plaque (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus, Prevotella and Fusobacterium). Cells embedded in biofilm are up to 1000-fold more resistant to antibiotics compared to their planctonic ones. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain biofilms drug resistance. Given the increased bacterial resistance to antibiotics currently used in dentistry, a great importance is given to natural compounds for the prevention of oral bacterial growth, adhesion and colonization. Over the past decade, interest in drugs derived from medicinal plants has markedly increased. It has been well documented that medicinal plants and natural compounds confer considerable antibacterial activity against various microorganisms including cariogenic and periodontal pathogens. This paper provides a review of the literature focusing on the studies on (i) biofilm in the oral cavity, (ii) drug resistance of bacterial biofilm and (iii) the potential use of plant extracts, essential oils and natural compounds as biofilm preventive agents in dentistry, involving their origin and their mechanism of biofilm inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bochra Kouidhi
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Medical Laboratory Department, Yanbu, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Kamel Chaieb
- College of Sciences, Biology Department, Yanbu, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cukkemane N, Bikker FJ, Nazmi K, Brand HS, Veerman EC. Identification and characterization of a salivary-pellicle-binding peptide by phage display. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:448-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
22
|
Furiga A, Roques C, Badet C. Preventive effects of an original combination of grape seed polyphenols with amine fluoride on dental biofilm formation and oxidative damage by oral bacteria. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 116:761-71. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Furiga
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique (UMR 5503); Département Bioprocédés et Systèmes Microbiens; Université de Toulouse; Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
| | - C. Roques
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique (UMR 5503); Département Bioprocédés et Systèmes Microbiens; Université de Toulouse; Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
| | - C. Badet
- EA 4577; Unité de recherche Œnologie; Villenave d'Ornon France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Theberge S, Semlali A, Alamri A, Leung KP, Rouabhia M. C. albicans growth, transition, biofilm formation, and gene expression modulation by antimicrobial decapeptide KSL-W. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:246. [PMID: 24195531 PMCID: PMC4229313 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial peptides have been the focus of much research over the last decade because of their effectiveness and broad-spectrum activity against microbial pathogens. These peptides also participate in inflammation and the innate host defense system by modulating the immune function that promotes immune cell adhesion and migration as well as the respiratory burst, which makes them even more attractive as therapeutic agents. This has led to the synthesis of various antimicrobial peptides, including KSL-W (KKVVFWVKFK-NH2), for potential clinical use. Because this peptide displays antimicrobial activity against bacteria, we sought to determine its antifungal effect on C. albicans. Growth, hyphal form, biofilm formation, and degradation were thus examined along with EFG1, NRG1, EAP1, HWP1, and SAP 2-4-5-6 gene expression by quantitative RT-PCR. Results This study demonstrates that KSL-W markedly reduced C. albicans growth at both early and late incubation times. The significant effect of KSL-W on C. albicans growth was observed beginning at 10 μg/ml after 5 h of contact by reducing C. albicans transition and at 25 μg/ml by completely inhibiting C. albicans transition. Cultured C. albicans under biofilm-inducing conditions revealed that both KSL-W and amphotericin B significantly decreased biofilm formation at 2, 4, and 6 days of culture. KSL-W also disrupted mature C. albicans biofilms. The effect of KSL-W on C. albicans growth, transition, and biofilm formation/disruption may thus occur through gene modulation, as the expression of various genes involved in C. albicans growth, transition and biofilm formation were all downregulated when C. albicans was treated with KSL-W. The effect was greater when C. albicans was cultured under hyphae-inducing conditions. Conclusions These data provide new insight into the efficacy of KSL-W against C. albicans and its potential use as an antifungal therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mahmoud Rouabhia
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Laval University, 2420, rue de la Terrasse, Quebec G1V 0A6, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Eshed M, Lellouche J, Banin E, Gedanken A. MgF2 nanoparticle-coated teeth inhibit Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation on a tooth model. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:3985-3991. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20598c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
25
|
Eshed M, Lellouche J, Matalon S, Gedanken A, Banin E. Sonochemical coatings of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles inhibit Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation on teeth model. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:12288-95. [PMID: 22830392 DOI: 10.1021/la301432a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has prompted the search for new agents that can inhibit bacterial growth. We recently reported on the antibiofilm activities of nanosized ZnO and CuO nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by using sonochemical irradiation. In this study, we examined the antibacterial activity of ZnO and CuO NPs in a powder form and also examined the antibiofilm behavior of teeth surfaces that were coated with ZnO and CuO NPs using sonochemistry. Free ZnO and CuO NPs inhibited biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans . Furthermore, by using the sonochemical procedure, we were able to coat teeth surfaces that inhibited bacterial colonization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Eshed
- Kanbar Laboratory for Nanomaterials, Department of Chemistry, The Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Williams RL, Lim SB, Onyuksel H, Marucha PT. Sterically Stabilized Phospholipid Micelles Reduce Activity of a Candidate Antimicrobial Wound Healing Adjunct. Int J Pept Res Ther 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-012-9292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
27
|
Huang Q, Yu HJ, Liu GD, Huang XK, Zhang LY, Zhou YG, Chen JY, Lin F, Wang Y, Fei J. Comparison of the effects of human β-defensin 3, vancomycin, and clindamycin on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. Orthopedics 2012; 35:e53-60. [PMID: 22229614 DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20111122-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite improvements in surgical techniques and implant design in orthopedic surgery, implantation-associated infections are still a challenging problem for surgeons. In 2006, trace quantities of human β-defensin 3 (hBD-3) were found in human bone tissue and bone cells. Human β-defensin 3 is a 45-amino-acid peptide that is considered the most promising class of defensin antimicrobial peptides and may help in the prevention and treatment of implantation-associated infections. Studies of the effectiveness of hBD-3 against Staphylococcus aureus showed that hBD-3 was more potent at low concentrations than other antibiotics. The effect of hBD-3 on S aureus biofilms has not been reported. We studied the effect of hBD-3, vancomycin, and clindamycin on S aureus biofilms and on the survival of the bacteria in the biofilms.Staphylococcus aureus biofilms were examined with confocal scanning laser microscopy. Staining with LIVE/DEAD BacLight viability stain (Molecular Probes Europe BV, Leiden, The Netherlands) differentiated between live and dead bacteria within the biofilms, and extracellular polymeric substances (slime) from the biofilms was evaluated after staining with calcofluor white (Sigma Chemical Company, Rocky Hill, New Jersey). Human β-defensin 3 and clindamycin reduced the S aureus biofilm area. Human β-defensin 3 was significantly more effective against bacteria from the S aureus biofilms than was clindamycin. Vancomycin did not reduce the S aureus biofilm area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Huang
- Center of Trauma of Daping Hospital,Third Military Medical College, Chongqing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Katsila T, Siskos AP, Tamvakopoulos C. Peptide and protein drugs: the study of their metabolism and catabolism by mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2012; 31:110-133. [PMID: 21698655 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Peptide and protein drugs have evolved in recent years into mainstream therapeutics, representing a significant portion of the pharmaceutical market. Peptides and proteins exhibit highly diverse structures, broad biological activities as hormones, neurotransmitters, structural proteins, metabolic modulators and therefore have a significant role as both therapeutics and biomarkers. Understanding the metabolism of synthetic or biotechnologically derived peptide and protein drugs is critical for pharmaceutical development as metabolism has a significant impact on drug efficacy and safety. Although the same principles of pharmacokinetics and metabolism of small molecule drugs apply to peptide and protein drugs, there are few notable differences. Moreover, the study of peptide and protein drug metabolism is a rather complicated process which requires sophisticated analytical techniques, and mass spectrometry based approaches have provided the capabilities for efficient and reliable quantification, characterization, and metabolite identification. This review article will focus on the current use of mass spectrometry for the study of the metabolism of peptide and protein drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Katsila
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Division of Pharmacology-Pharmacotechnology, Soranou Efesiou Street 4, Athens GR-11527, Greece
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dobson A, O'Connor PM, Cotter PD, Ross RP, Hill C. Impact of the broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide, lacticin 3147, on Streptococcus mutans growing in a biofilm and in human saliva. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 111:1515-23. [PMID: 21923747 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05153.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the ability of the broad-spectrum lantibiotic, lacticin 3147, to prevent Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation and disrupt existing biofilms. METHODS AND RESULTS Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations of purified lacticin 3147 were determined using a microdilution method. Lacticin 3147 effectively inhibited planktonic Strep. mutans, with MIC of 1.9-3.8 μmol l(-1). Time-kill kinetic studies confirmed that lacticin 3147 exhibited bactericidal activity against Strep. mutans at 38 μmol l(-1) (or 10× MIC). The effect of lacticin 3147 on biofilm formation and reduction was also determined. Exposure to 6.3-μmol l(-1) lacticin 3147 (2× MIC) resulted in substantial reductions in Strep. mutans biofilm formation while lacticin 3147 was less effective against 1-day-old biofilms. Culture-based analyses revealed that lacticin 3147 (50 μmol l(-1)) significantly inhibited Streptococcus spp. present in human saliva (P < 0.05) with an approximate 4-log reduction in viability compared with the control. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that lacticin 3147 may be an effective therapy against Strep. mutans and was shown to substantially attenuate its ability to form a biofilm. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Lacticin 3147 has the potential to be a useful adjunct to traditional oral therapeutic approaches in addition to its use as a bioactive ingredient for food applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Dobson
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Biel MA, Sievert C, Usacheva M, Teichert M, Balcom J. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy treatment of chronic recurrent sinusitis biofilms. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2011; 1:329-34. [PMID: 22287461 PMCID: PMC3270367 DOI: 10.1002/alr.20089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic recurrent sinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disease of the facial sinuses and nasal passages that is defined as lasting longer than 12 weeks or occurring more than 4 times per year with symptoms usually lasting more than 20 days. The National Institute for Health Statistics estimates that CRS is one of the most common chronic conditions in the United States, affecting an estimated 37 million Americans. The potential etiologies of CRS include bacteria, viruses, allergies, fungi, superantigens, and microbial biofilms. In clinical practice there is a significant subpopulation of patients with CRS who remain resistant to cure despite rigorous treatment regimens including surgery, allergy therapy, and prolonged antibiotic therapy. The reason for treatment failure is thought to be related to the destruction of the sinus mucociliary defense by the chronic sinus infection resulting in the development of secondary antibiotic-resistant microbial colonization of the sinuses and biofilm formation. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a nonantibiotic broad-spectrum antimicrobial treatment that has been demonstrated to eradicate antibiotic-resistant bacteria and biofilms. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of a noninvasive aPDT treatment method of eradicating antibiotic resistant biofilms/microorganisms known to cause CRS in an in vitro model. METHODS Antibiotic-resistant planktonic bacteria and fungi and polymicrobial biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were grown on silastic sheets and treated with a methylene blue photosensitizer and 670 nm non-thermal-activating light. Cultures of the planktonic microorganisms and biofilms were obtained before and after light treatment to determine efficacy of planktonic bacteria and biofilm reduction. RESULTS The in vitro CRS planktonic microorganism and biofilm study demonstrated that aPDT reduced the CRS polymicrobial biofilm by >99.9% after a single treatment. CONCLUSION aPDT can effectively treat CRS polymicrobial antibiotic-resistant bacteria, fungi, and biofilms in vivo. Human clinical studies are currently planned to assess the safety and efficacy of this treatment for CRS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merrill A Biel
- Ear, Nose and Throat Specialty Care of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Advanced Photodynamic Technologies, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Semlali A, Leung KP, Curt S, Rouabhia M. Antimicrobial decapeptide KSL-W attenuates Candida albicans virulence by modulating its effects on Toll-like receptor, human β-defensin, and cytokine expression by engineered human oral mucosa. Peptides 2011; 32:859-67. [PMID: 21291939 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 01/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the toxicity of synthetic antimicrobial decapeptide KSL-W on normal human gingival epithelial cell cultures, its effect on Candida albicans adhesion and growth, and the activation of epithelial cell innate immunity. Our results indicate that KSL-W had no toxic effect on cell adhesion or growth, suggesting its safe use with human cells. Pre-treating C. albicans with KSL-W attenuated the yeast's virulence as demonstrated by its reduced adhesion and growth on engineered human oral mucosa epithelium and the subsequent decreased expression of some innate defense molecules by targeted epithelial cells. Indeed, the expression of Toll-like receptors and human β-defensins was reduced in tissues infected with KSL-W-treated Candida. Proinflammatory cytokine secretion (IL-1β and IL-6) by the epithelial cells was also regulated by KSL-W in a manner similar to that of antifungal molecule amphotericin B. These findings therefore show that KSL-W is safe for use with human cells and is able to attenuate Candida virulence by modulating its effects on host innate immunity. This study proposes the potential application of KSL-W peptide as an alternative antifungal agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Semlali
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wei GX, Xu X, Wu CD. In vitro synergism between berberine and miconazole against planktonic and biofilm Candida cultures. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:565-72. [PMID: 21272859 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 11/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the antimycotic activity of the plant alkaloid berberine (BBR), alone and in combination with antifungal azoles, against planktonic and biofilm Candida cultures. DESIGN The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of BBR, miconazole (MCZ), and fluconazole (FLC) towards Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida kefyr, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida tropicalis were determined by a microdilution method. For C. albicans, the synergistic effects of BBR combined with MCZ or FLC were examined in a paper disc agar diffusion assay and checkerboard microdilution assay. The effect of the BBR/MCZ combination was further investigated in a C. albicans biofilm formation model with a dual-chamber flow cell. The effect on metabolic activity of biofilm cells was established using 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT)/menadione. RESULTS Berberine inhibited the growth of various Candida species (MICs 0.98-31.25mg/L) in the following order of susceptibility: C. krusei > C. kefyr > C. glabrata > C. tropicalis > C. parapsilosis and C. albicans. Synergism between BBR and MCZ or FLC was observed in the disc diffusion assay as well as in suspension showing an FIC index <0.5 (∑FIC=0.19). Whilst neither BBR (16 mg/L) nor MCZ (0.8 mg/L) alone significantly inhibited biofilm formation of C. albicans, their combination reduced biofilm formation by >91% after 24 h, as established from the reduction in surface area coverage (P<0.01). The BBR/MCZ combination also exhibited synergy against the metabolic activity of pre-formed C. albicans biofilms in polystyrene microtiter plates (∑FIC=0.25). CONCLUSION Berberine exhibits synergistic effects with commonly used antimycotic drugs against C. albicans, either in planktonic or in biofilm growth phases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Xian Wei
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Dentistry, MC850, Chicago, IL 60612-7212, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Liu Y, Wang L, Zhou X, Hu S, Zhang S, Wu H. Effect of the antimicrobial decapeptide KSL on the growth of oral pathogens and Streptococcus mutans biofilm. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2011; 37:33-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2010.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
34
|
Ammons MCB. Anti-biofilm strategies and the need for innovations in wound care. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 5:10-7. [PMID: 19807676 DOI: 10.2174/157489110790112581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
With an aging and obese population, chronic wounds such as diabetic ulcers, pressure ulcers, and venous leg ulcers are of an increasingly relevant medical concern in the developed world. Identification of bacterial biofilm contamination as a major contributor to non-healing wounds demands biofilm-targeted strategies to treat chronic wounds. While the current standard of care has proven marginally effective, there are components of standard care that should remain part of the wound treatment regime including systemic and topical antibiotics, antiseptics, and physical debridement of biofilm and devitalized tissue. Emerging anti-biofilm strategies include novel, non-invasive means of physical debridement, chemical agent strategies, and biological agent strategies. While aging and obesity will continue to be major burdens to wound care, the emergence of wounds associated with war require investigation and biotechnology development to address biofilm strategies that manage multi-drug resistant bacteria contaminating the chronic wound. The article presents some of the recent patents related to anti-biofilm strategy in wound care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary C B Ammons
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Arslan SY, Leung KP, Wu CD. The effect of lactoferrin on oral bacterial attachment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 24:411-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2009.00537.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
36
|
Ashby MT, Kreth J, Soundarajan M, Sivuilu LS. Influence of a model human defensive peroxidase system on oral streptococcal antagonism. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2009; 155:3691-3700. [PMID: 19684069 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.031310-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus is a dominant genus in the human oral cavity, making up about 20 % of the more than 800 species of bacteria that have been identified, and about 80 % of the early biofilm colonizers. Oral streptococci include both health-compatible (e.g. Streptococcus gordonii and Streptococcus sanguinis) and pathogenic strains (e.g. the cariogenic Streptococcus mutans). Because the streptococci have similar metabolic requirements, they have developed defence strategies that lead to antagonism (also known as bacterial interference). S. mutans expresses bacteriocins that are cytotoxic toward S. gordonii and S. sanguinis, whereas S. gordonii and S. sanguinis differentially produce H(2)O(2) (under aerobic growth conditions), which is relatively toxic toward S. mutans. Superimposed on the inter-bacterial combat are the effects of the host defensive mechanisms. We report here on the multifarious effects of bovine lactoperoxidase (bLPO) on the antagonism between S. gordonii and S. sanguinis versus S. mutans. Some of the effects are apparently counterproductive with respect to maintaining a health-compatible population of streptococci. For example, the bLPO system (comprised of bLPO+SCN(-)+H(2)O(2)) destroys H(2)O(2), thereby abolishing the ability of S. gordonii and S. sanguinis to inhibit the growth of S. mutans. Furthermore, bLPO protein (with or without its substrate) inhibits bacterial growth in a biofilm assay, but sucrose negates the inhibitory effects of the bLPO protein, thereby facilitating adherence of S. mutans in lieu of S. gordonii and S. sanguinis. Our findings may be relevant to environmental pressures that select early supragingival colonizers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Ashby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Jens Kreth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Muthu Soundarajan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Laure Sita Sivuilu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Leung KP, Abercrombie JJ, Campbell TM, Gilmore KD, Bell CA, Faraj JA, DeLuca PP. Antimicrobial peptides for plaque control. Adv Dent Res 2009; 21:57-62. [PMID: 19710083 DOI: 10.1177/0895937409335627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K-P Leung
- Microbiology Branch, US Army Dental and Trauma Research Detachment, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Great Lakes, IL 60088, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Olsen I. New principles in ecological regulation – features from the oral cavity. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/08910600600761273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingar Olsen
- Institute of Oral Biology, Dental Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Baek JH, Krasieva T, Tang S, Ahn Y, Kim CS, Vu D, Chen Z, Wilder-Smith P. Optical approach to the salivary pellicle. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2009; 14:044001. [PMID: 19725713 PMCID: PMC2792696 DOI: 10.1117/1.3158994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The salivary pellicle plays an important role in oral physiology, yet noninvasive in situ characterization and mapping of this layer remains elusive. The goal of this study is to develop an optical approach for the real-time, noninvasive mapping and characterization of salivary pellicles using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence microscopy (OCM). The long-term goals are to improve diagnostic capabilities in the oral cavity, gain a better understanding of physiological and pathological processes related to the oral hard tissues, and monitor treatment responses. A salivary pellicle is incubated on small enamel cubes using human whole saliva. OCT and OCM imaging occurs at 0, 10, 30, 60 min, and 24 h. For some imaging, spherical gold nanoparticles (15 nm) are added to determine whether this would increase the optical signal from the pellicle. Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) provides the baseline information. In the saliva-incubated samples, a surface signal from the developing pellicle is visible in OCT images. Pellicle "islands" form, which increase in complexity over time until they merge to form a continuous layer over the enamel surface. Noninvasive, in situ time-based pellicle formation on the enamel surface is visualized and characterized using optical imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Ho Baek
- Ulsan University Hospital, Department of Orthodontics, 290-3 Jeonha dong, Dong gu, Ulsan, 682-714, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Furiga A, Lonvaud-Funel A, Dorignac G, Badet C. In vitro anti-bacterial and anti-adherence effects of natural polyphenolic compounds on oral bacteria. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 105:1470-6. [PMID: 18795979 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03882.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the action of different polyphenolic compounds, extracted from red wine, grape marc and pine bark, on oral bacteria. METHODS AND RESULTS The anti-microbial activity of extracts was examined by determining the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration using the macro dilution broth technique. Their effect on the adherence was tested on growing cells of Streptococcus mutans on a glass surface and on a multi-species biofilm grown on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite discs. The effect on glucosyltransferase activity was analysed through the reductions in the overall reaction rate and the quantity of insoluble glucan (ISG) synthesized. Pine bark and grape marc extracts were the most effective inhibitors of the multi-species biofilm formation and of the ISG synthesis. CONCLUSION The tested components showed an interesting anti-plaque activity in vitro. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is, to our knowledge, the first and the most complete report on the properties of wine and pine bark extracts that could be used for oral disease prevention purpose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Furiga
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, UFR d'Odontologie, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dixon DR, Karimi-Naser L, Darveau RP, Leung KP. The anti-endotoxic effects of the KSL-W decapeptide on Escherichia coli O55:B5 and various oral lipopolysaccharides. J Periodontal Res 2008; 43:422-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2007.01067.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
42
|
Faraj JA, Dorati R, Schoubben A, Worthen D, Selmin F, Capan Y, Leung K, DeLuca PP. Development of a peptide-containing chewing gum as a sustained release antiplaque antimicrobial delivery system. AAPS PharmSciTech 2007; 8:26. [PMID: 17408225 PMCID: PMC2750437 DOI: 10.1208/pt0801026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2006] [Accepted: 02/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize the stability of KSL-W, an antimicrobial decapeptide shown to inhibit the growth of oral bacterial strains associated with caries development and plaque formation, and its potential as an antiplaque agent in a chewing gum formulation. KSL-W formulations with or without the commercial antibacterial agent cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) were prepared. The release of KSL-W from the gums was assessed in vitro using a chewing gum apparatus and in vivo by a chew-out method. A reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed for assaying KSL-W. Raw material stability and temperature and pH effects on the stability of KSL-W solutions and interactions of KSL-W with tooth-like material, hydroxyapatite discs, were investigated. KSL-W was most stable in acidic aqueous solutions and underwent rapid hydrolysis in base. It was stable to enzymatic degradation in human saliva for 1 hour but was degraded by pancreatic serine proteases. KSL-W readily adsorbed to hydroxyapatite, suggesting that it will also adsorb to the teeth when delivered to the oral cavity. The inclusion of CPC caused a large increase in the rate and extent of KSL-W released from the gums. The gum formulations displayed promising in vitro/in vivo release profiles, wherein as much as 90% of the KSL-W was released in a sustained manner within 30 minutes in vivo. These results suggest that KSL-W possesses the stability, adsorption, and release characteristics necessary for local delivery to the oral cavity in a chewing gum formulation, thereby serving as a novel antiplaque agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jabar A. Faraj
- />Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY
| | - Rossella Dorati
- />Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Aurélie Schoubben
- />Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - David Worthen
- />Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY
| | - Francesca Selmin
- />Institute of Medicinal Chemistry and Toxicology University of Milan, Italy
| | - Yilmaz Capan
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kai Leung
- />Microbiology Branch, US Army Dental and Trauma Research Detachment, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Great Lakes, IL
| | - Patrick P. DeLuca
- />Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Na DH, Faraj J, Capan Y, Leung KP, DeLuca PP. Stability of Antimicrobial Decapeptide (KSL) and Its Analogues for Delivery in the Oral Cavity. Pharm Res 2007; 24:1544-50. [PMID: 17380259 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-007-9274-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2006] [Accepted: 02/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the stability of KSL, an antimicrobial decapeptide, and its analogues, in human saliva and simulated gastric fluid for delivery in the oral cavity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The degradation products of KSL in human saliva and simulated gastric fluid were separated by reversed-phase HPLC and their structures were identified by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Analogues of KSL were synthesized by solid-phase synthesis procedure. Their enzymatic stabilities and antimicrobial activities were studied. RESULTS KSL was degraded by the peptide bond cleavages at Lys(6)-Val(7) in the human saliva and Phe(5)-Lys(6) in simulated gastric fluids. Three analogues of KSL were synthesized; the Lys(6) residue was either methylated (KSL-M), or replaced with Trp (KSL-W), or the d-form of Lys (KSL-D). The KSL analogues were much more stable than the native KSL, with the rank order of stability being KSL-D > KSL-W > KSL-M > KSL in human saliva. However, in simulated gastric fluid, while KSL-D was still stable, KSL-W was significantly degraded. In addition, KSL-D significantly lost the antimicrobial activity, whereas KSL-W completely preserved the activity against several oral bacteria. In a chewing gum formulation, KSL-W showed a more sustained release profile as compared with the native KSL. CONCLUSION This study suggests that KSL-W could be used as an antiplaque agent in a chewing gum formulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hee Na
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan, 608-736, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Novak KF, Diamond WJ, Kirakodu S, Peyyala R, Anderson KW, Montelaro RC, Mietzner TA. Efficacy of the de novo-derived antimicrobial peptide WLBU2 against oral bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:1837-9. [PMID: 17325219 PMCID: PMC1855554 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00924-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of a novel synthetic antimicrobial peptide (WLBU2) was evaluated against three oral microorganisms (grown planktonically): Streptococcus gordonii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. WLBU2 killed all three species, with F. nucleatum being the most susceptible. WLBU2 also reduced the bacterial burden of S. gordonii and F. nucleatum biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen F Novak
- Center for Oral Health Research, 414 Health Sciences Research Building, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0305, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Price RR, Viscount HB, Stanley MC, Leung KP. Targeted profiling of oral bacteria in human saliva and in vitro biofilms with quantitative real-time PCR. BIOFOULING 2007; 23:203-13. [PMID: 17653931 DOI: 10.1080/08927010701251169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
An in vitro plaque model based on the use of human salivary bacteria and tooth-like surfaces was previously developed for studying the formation of oral biofilm and its use for pre-clinical testing of candidate antimicrobial or antiplaque agents. In this study, a quantitative Taqman PCR assay (QPCR) was developed to compare the bacterial compositions of in vitro biofilms to parent saliva samples, and to determine the relative contributions of different species in the formation of the oral biofilm. In addition, the growth inhibition of saliva-derived plaque was evaluated by chlorhexidine. With this assay, which consisted of primer/probe sets targeting either 16S rDNA sequences present in public databases or cloned ribosomal intergenic spacer region (ISR) sequences, 15 oral bacteria derived from saliva as well as those that were responsible for biofilm formation in an in vitro plaque model were rapidly identified and quantified. Among the target organisms were Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Micromonas micros, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Tannerella forsythensis, and Veillonella parvula. Primer and probe sets developed were both sensitive and specific. The relative profiles of a number of bacteria in 45-h-old biofilms were determined and, when compared to saliva samples, it was found that most of the bacteria identified in saliva also populated the in vitro plaque, including some anaerobes. Brief exposure of biofilms to chlorhexidine resulted in significant losses in viability. This new broad spectrum QPCR assay in combination with the in vitro plaque model will be of significant value in the quantitative study of the microbial composition of human saliva, saliva-derived plaque, and pre-clinical evaluation of potential antimicrobial and antiplaque molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R R Price
- Microbiology Branch, US Army Dental and Trauma Research Detachment, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Great Lakes, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|