1
|
Imoto S, Suzukawa M, Takada K, Watanabe S, Isao A, Nagase T, Nagase H, Ohta K. Relationship between serum IgA levels and low percentage forced expiratory volume in the first second in asthma. J Asthma 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38376485 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2024.2321306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Objective: Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is suggested to have pathogenic effects in respiratory inflammatory diseases, including asthma. We aimed to analyze the relationship between serum IgA, and clinical indicators and biomarkers of asthma.Methods: This study was a post hoc analysis of the NHOM Asthma Study. In this study, serum IgA was measured using serum samples stored. We determined an association between the serum IgA level and clinical variables and biomarkers using multivariate linear regression and analyzed the differences in clinical indices between IgA high- and IgA low-asthma.Results: In this study, 572 patients with asthma were included in the final analysis. Lower percentage forced expiratory volume in the first second (%FEV1), higher serum eotaxin levels, lower serum ST2 levels, and higher serum MIP-1β levels, were independently and significantly associated with higher serum IgA levels among asthma patients by multivariate linear regression analysis (%FEV1, 95% confidence interval [CI], -8.18- -0.613, p < 0.05; eotaxin, 95% CI, 8.95-46.69, p < 0.001; ST2, 95% CI, -73.71- -7.37, p < 0.05; and MIP-1β, 95% CI, 1.47-18.71, p < 0.05). Furthermore, IgA high-asthma (serum IgA ≥ 238 mg/dL, n = 270) and IgA low-asthma (serum IgA < 238 mg/dL, n = 302) were compared separately. %FEV1 was significantly lower, the percentage of atopy was higher, and serum MIP-1β level was higher in IgA high-asthma.Conclusions: This study suggests that serum IgA may be involved in the worsening of asthma outcomes, as assessed by %FEV1 and enhanced inflammation via elevated serum MIP-1β.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahoko Imoto
- National Hospital Organization, Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maho Suzukawa
- National Hospital Organization, Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Takada
- National Hospital Organization, Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shizuka Watanabe
- National Hospital Organization, Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asari Isao
- National Hospital Organization, Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nagase
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Ohta
- National Hospital Organization, Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, JATA Fukujuji Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Klement L, Jansakun C, Yan B, Staffer S, Tuma-Kellner S, Altamura S, Muckenthaler M, Merle U, Chamulitrat W. Myeloid-specific deletion of group VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A2 induces pro-inflammatory LPS response predominantly in male mice via MIP-1α activation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167016. [PMID: 38198970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Polymorphisms of group VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (PLA2G6) are associated with blood C-reactive protein suggesting its role in inflammation. We showed that myeloid-specific Pla2g6-deficiency in Pla2g6M-/- mice led to exaggerated inflammation and fibrosis in a lean fatty liver model. We here investigated whether these mutants display alteration in immune response after treatment with E. coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS) under acute (a single dose) and persistent (four doses) conditions. Without LPS treatment, male Pla2g6M-/- (but not Flox) mice at 12 months of age exhibited splenomegaly and hepatic necrosis, and ~ 30 % of them exhibited autoimmune hepatitis showing lymphoplasma cells with CD3(+) and CD45R(+) staining. Under acute LPS, male mutants showed an elevation of plasma MIP-1α and immunoglobulinA as well as upregulation of hepatic apoptosis and fibrosis PARP-1, Bax, MCP-1, α-SMA, and collagen I proteins. Their bone-marrow-derived macrophages also showed an elevation of MIP-1α release upon LPS stimulation in vitro. Female mutants under acute LPS showed a moderate increase in plasma KC/CXCL1, MCP-1, and IL10, and they showed no remarkable increase in hepatic fibrosis under acute or persistent LPS. Male mutants under persistent LPS displayed an elevation of aspartate aminotransferase, blood eosinophils, and hepatic apoptosis. Moreover, ~30 % of these mutants exhibited eosinophilic sclerosing portal hepatitis associated with an upregulated protein expression of hepatic CD8α, CD68, eosinophilic cationic protein, and Ly6G. Thus, myeloid-PLA2G6 deficiency led to an autoimmune and LPS-induced inflammatory liver disease via MIP-1α in a male-predominant manner. Our results may be applicable to patients with PLA2G6 mutations who undergo bacterial infection and sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Klement
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chutima Jansakun
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Bin Yan
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone Staffer
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Tuma-Kellner
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandro Altamura
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Muckenthaler
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uta Merle
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walee Chamulitrat
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Filaggrin and cytokines in respiratory samples of preterm infants at risk for respiratory viral infection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21278. [PMID: 36482106 PMCID: PMC9731953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25897-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections (RVIs) are frequent in preterm infants possibly inducing long-term impact on respiratory morbidity. Immune response and respiratory barriers are key defense elements against viral insults in premature infants admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). Our main goals were to describe the local immune response in respiratory secretions of preterm infants with RVIs during NICU admission and to evaluate the expression and synthesis of lung barrier regulators, both in respiratory samples and in vitro models. Samples from preterm infants that went on to develop RVIs had lower filaggrin gene and protein levels at a cellular level were compared to never-infected neonates (controls). Filaggrin, MIP-1α/CCL3 and MCP-1 levels were higher in pre-infection supernatants compared to controls. Filaggrin, HIF-1α, VEGF, RANTES/CCL5, IL-17A, IL-1β, MIP-1α and MIP-1β/CCL5 levels were higher during and after infection. ROC curve and logistic regression analysis shows that these molecules could be used as infection risk biomarkers. Small airway epithelial cells stimulated by poly:IC presented reduced filaggrin gene expression and increased levels in supernatant. We conclude that filaggrin gene and protein dysregulation is a risk factor of RVI in newborns admitted at the NICU.
Collapse
|
4
|
Atreya I, Neurath MF. How the Tumor Micromilieu Modulates the Recruitment and Activation of Colorectal Cancer-Infiltrating Lymphocytes. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112940. [PMID: 36428508 PMCID: PMC9687992 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful treatment of advanced colorectal cancer disease still represents an insufficiently solved clinical challenge, which is further complicated by the fact that the majority of malignant colon tumors show only relatively low immunogenicity and therefore have only limited responsiveness to immunotherapeutic approaches, such as, for instance, the use of checkpoint inhibitors. As it has been well established over the past two decades that the local tumor microenvironment and, in particular, the quantity, quality, and activation status of intratumoral immune cells critically influence the clinical prognosis of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer and their individual benefits from immunotherapy, the enhancement of the intratumoral accumulation of cytolytic effector T lymphocytes and other cellular mediators of the antitumor immune response has emerged as a targeted objective. For the future identification and clinical validation of novel therapeutic target structures, it will thus be essential to further decipher the molecular mechanisms and cellular interactions in the intestinal tumor microenvironment, which are crucially involved in immune cell recruitment and activation. In this context, our review article aims at providing an overview of the key chemokines and cytokines whose presence in the tumor micromilieu relevantly modulates the numeric composition and antitumor capacity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imke Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-8535204; Fax: +49-9131-8535209
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Donnelly EL, Céspedes N, Hansten G, Wagers D, Briggs AM, Lowder C, Schauer J, Haapanen L, Van de Water J, Luckhart S. The Basophil IL-18 Receptor Precisely Regulates the Host Immune Response and Malaria-Induced Intestinal Permeability and Alters Parasite Transmission to Mosquitoes without Effect on Gametocytemia. Immunohorizons 2022; 6:630-641. [PMID: 35985797 PMCID: PMC9977167 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2200057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that basophils are protective against intestinal permeability during malaria and contribute to reduced parasite transmission to mosquitoes. Given that IL-18 is an early cytokine/alarmin in malaria and has been shown to activate basophils, we sought to determine the role of the basophil IL-18R in this protective phenotype. To address this, we infected control [IL18r flox/flox or basoIL-18R (+)] mice and mice with basophils lacking the IL-18R [IL18r flox/flox × Basoph8 or basoIL-18R (-)] with Plasmodium yoelii yoelii 17XNL, a nonlethal strain of mouse malaria. Postinfection (PI), intestinal permeability, ileal mastocytosis, bacteremia, and levels of ileal and plasma cytokines and chemokines were measured through 10 d PI. BasoIL-18R (-) mice exhibited greater intestinal permeability relative to basoIL-18R (+) mice, along with increased plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines at a single time point PI, day 4 PI, a pattern not observed in basoIL-18R (+) mice. Surprisingly, mosquitoes fed on basoIL-18R (-) mice became infected less frequently than mosquitoes fed on basoIL-18R (+) mice, with no difference in gametocytemia, a pattern that was distinct from that observed previously with basophil-depleted mice. These findings suggest that early basophil-dependent protection of the intestinal barrier in malaria is mediated by IL-18, and that basophil IL-18R-dependent signaling differentially regulates the inflammatory response to infection and parasite transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erinn L Donnelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID
| | - Nora Céspedes
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID; and
| | - Gretchen Hansten
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID; and
| | - Delaney Wagers
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID
| | - Anna M Briggs
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID; and
| | - Casey Lowder
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID; and
| | - Joseph Schauer
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Lori Haapanen
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Judy Van de Water
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Shirley Luckhart
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID; .,Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID; and
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gebre MS, Rauch S, Roth N, Gergen J, Yu J, Liu X, Cole AC, Mueller SO, Petsch B, Barouch DH. mRNA vaccines induce rapid antibody responses in mice. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:88. [PMID: 35915094 PMCID: PMC9340693 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00511-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
mRNA vaccines can be developed and produced quickly, making them prime candidates for immediate outbreak responses. Furthermore, clinical trials have demonstrated rapid protection following mRNA vaccination. Thus, we sought to investigate how quickly mRNA vaccines elicit antibody responses compared to other vaccine modalities. We first compared the immune kinetics of mRNA and DNA vaccines expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike in mice. We observed rapid induction of antigen-specific binding and neutralizing antibodies by day 5 following mRNA (4 µg/mouse), but not DNA (50 µg/mouse), immunization. Comparing innate responses hours post immunization, the mRNA vaccine induced increased levels of IL-5, IL-6, and MCP-1 cytokines which maybe promoting humoral responses downstream. We then evaluated the immune kinetics of an HIV-1 mRNA vaccine in comparison to DNA, protein, and rhesus adenovirus 52 (RhAd52) vaccines of the same HIV-1 envelope antigen in mice. Again, induction of envelope-specific antibodies was observed by day 5 following mRNA vaccination, whereas antibodies were detected by day 7–14 following DNA, protein, and RhAd52 vaccination. Thus, eliciting rapid humoral immunity may be a unique and advantageous property of mRNA vaccines for controlling infectious disease outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makda S Gebre
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jingyou Yu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Andrew C Cole
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | | | | | - Dan H Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hosseinalizadeh H, Mahmoodpour M, Samadani AA, Roudkenar MH. The immunosuppressive role of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase in glioblastoma: mechanism of action and immunotherapeutic strategies. Med Oncol 2022; 39:130. [PMID: 35716323 PMCID: PMC9206138 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01724-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a fatal brain tumor in adults with a bleak diagnosis. Expansion of immunosuppressive and malignant CD4 + FoxP3 + GITR + regulatory T cells is one of the hallmarks of GBM. Importantly, most of the patients with GBM expresses the tryptophan-degrading enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). While IDO1 is generally not expressed at appreciable levels in the adult central nervous system, it is rapidly stimulated and highly expressed in response to ongoing immune surveillance in cancer. Increased levels of immune surveillance in cancer are thus related to higher intratumoral IDO expression levels and, as a result, a worse OS in GBM patients. Conversion of the important amino acid tryptophan into downstream catabolite known as kynurenines is the major function of IDO. Decreasing tryptophan and increasing the concentration of immunomodulatory tryptophan metabolites has been shown to induce T-cell apoptosis, increase immunosuppressive programming, and death of tumor antigen-presenting dendritic cells. This observation supported the immunotherapeutic strategy, and the targeted molecular therapy that suppresses IDO1 activity. We review the current understanding of the role of IDO1 in tumor immunological escape in brain tumors, the immunomodulatory effects of its primary catabolites, preclinical research targeting this enzymatic pathway, and various issues that need to be overcome to increase the prospective immunotherapeutic relevance in the treatment of GBM malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Hosseinalizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Mahmoodpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Samadani
- Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Parastar St., 41887-94755, Rasht, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ao S, Gao X, Zhan J, Ai L, Li M, Su H, Tang X, Chu C, Han J, Wang F. Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor improves conventional steroid therapy for Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis in a cohort of patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 2022; 86:1236-1245. [PMID: 35121075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic steroid therapies for Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) have been challenged because of their limited benefits. Whether additional tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α inhibition provides an optimized approach remains unexplored. OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of TNF-α inhibition combined with a steroid to treat SJS/TEN and to identify potential biomarkers. METHODS Twenty-five patients with SJS/TEN were recruited and divided into 2 groups: 10 patients received methylprednisolone and 15 patients received etanercept plus methylprednisolone. Serum levels of granzyme B, perforin, interferon-γ, interleukin (IL) 6, IL-15, IL-18, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α, macrophage inflammatory protein 1β, and TNF-α were measured by multiplex cytokine analysis kits during the acute and resolution phases. RESULTS Compared with the steroid monotherapy, the combination therapy significantly shortened the course of the initial steroid treatment and the duration of the acute stage, hospitalization stay, and skin re-epithelialization. Although both therapies significantly reduced IL-15 levels; the combination therapy also decreased IL-6 and IL-18 levels. While the level of IL-15 was positively correlated with skin re-epithelialization time in both groups, the level of IL-6 served as an additional marker for the course of the disease in the combination therapy group. LIMITATIONS The cohort size is relatively small. CONCLUSION Additional TNF-α inhibition to steroid treatment appeared to improve outcomes for SJS/TEN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suiting Ao
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Gao
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jipang Zhan
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Ai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Minyi Li
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huilin Su
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhua Tang
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Coco Chu
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Jiande Han
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nashine S, Cohen P, Wan J, Kenney C. Effect of Humanin G (HNG) on inflammation in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:4247-4269. [PMID: 35576057 PMCID: PMC9186758 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a crucial role in the etiology and pathogenesis of AMD (Age-related Macular Degeneration). Humanin G (HNG) is a Mitochondrial Derived Peptide (MDP) that is cytoprotective in AMD and can protect against mitochondrial and cellular stress induced by damaged AMD mitochondria. The goal of this study was to test our hypothesis that inflammation-associated marker protein levels are increased in AMD and treatment with HNG leads to reduction in their protein levels. Humanin protein levels were measured in the plasma of AMD patients and normal subjects using ELISA assay. Humanin G was added to AMD and normal (control) cybrids which had identical nuclei from mitochondria-deficient ARPE-19 cells but differed in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content derived from clinically characterized AMD patients and normal (control) subjects. Cell lysates were extracted from untreated and HNG-treated AMD and normal cybrids, and the Luminex XMAP multiplex assay was used to measure the levels of inflammatory proteins. AMD plasma showed reduced Humanin protein levels, but higher protein levels of inflammation markers compared to control plasma samples. In AMD RPE cybrid cells, Humanin G reduced the CD62E/ E-Selectin, CD62P/ P-Selectin, ICAM-1, TNF-α, MIP-1α, IFN–γ, IL-1β, IL-13, and IL-17A protein levels, thereby suggesting that Humanin G may rescue from mtDNA-mediated inflammation in AMD cybrids. In conclusion, we present novel findings that: A) show reduced Humanin protein levels in AMD plasma vs. normal plasma; B) suggest the role of inflammatory markers in AMD pathogenesis, and C) highlight the positive effects of Humanin G in reducing inflammation in AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Nashine
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Junxiang Wan
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Cristina Kenney
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mohamed H, Gurrola T, Berman R, Collins M, Sariyer IK, Nonnemacher MR, Wigdahl B. Targeting CCR5 as a Component of an HIV-1 Therapeutic Strategy. Front Immunol 2022; 12:816515. [PMID: 35126374 PMCID: PMC8811197 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.816515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is a major health burden for which successful therapeutic options are still being investigated. Challenges facing current drugs that are part of the established life-long antiretroviral therapy (ART) include toxicity, development of drug resistant HIV-1 strains, the cost of treatment, and the inability to eradicate the provirus from infected cells. For these reasons, novel anti-HIV-1 therapeutics that can prevent or eliminate disease progression including the onset of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are needed. While development of HIV-1 vaccination has also been challenging, recent advancements demonstrate that infection of HIV-1-susceptible cells can be prevented in individuals living with HIV-1, by targeting C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5). CCR5 serves many functions in the human immune response and is a co-receptor utilized by HIV-1 for entry into immune cells. Therapeutics targeting CCR5 generally involve gene editing techniques including CRISPR, CCR5 blockade using antibodies or antagonists, or combinations of both. Here we review the efficacy of these approaches and discuss the potential of their use in the clinic as novel ART-independent therapies for HIV-1 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hager Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Theodore Gurrola
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rachel Berman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mackenzie Collins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ilker K. Sariyer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Center for Neurovirology and Gene Editing, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael R. Nonnemacher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Brian Wigdahl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Brian Wigdahl,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Khare VM, Saxena VK, Pasternak MA, Nyinawabera A, Singh KB, Ashby CR, Tiwari AK, Tang Y. The expression profiles of chemokines, innate immune and apoptotic genes in tumors caused by Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV-A) in chickens. Genes Immun 2021; 23:12-22. [PMID: 34934184 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-021-00158-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune genes play an important role in the immune responses to Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)-induced tumor formation and metastasis. Here, we determined in vivo expression of chemokines, innate immune and apoptotic genes in Synthetic Broiler Dam Line (SDL) chickens following RSV-A infection. The mRNA expression of genes was determined at the primary site of infection and in different organs of progressor, regressor and non-responder chicks, using RT-qPCR. Our results indicated a significant upregulation of: (1) chemokines, such as MIP1β and RANTES, (2) the innate immune gene TLR4, and (3) p53, a tumor-suppressor gene, at the site of primary infection in progressor chickens. In contrast, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression was significantly downregulated in progressor chicks compared to uninfected, control chicks. All of the innate immune genes were significantly upregulated in the lungs and liver of the progressor and regressor chicks compared to control chicks. In the spleen of progressor chicks, RANTES, iNOS and p53 gene expression were significantly increased, whereas MIP1β and TLR4 gene expression was significantly downregulated, compared to control chicks. The lungs and livers of non-responder chicks expressed a low level of iNOS and MIP1β, whereas RANTES, TLR4, and p53 gene expression were significantly upregulated compared to uninfected control chicks. In addition, there was a significant downregulation of RANTES, MIP1β, and TLR4 gene expression in non-responder chicks. These results suggest the different response to infection of chicks with RSV-A is due to differential changes in the expression of innate immune genes in different organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishwa M Khare
- Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Disease Genetics and Biotechnology Lab, CARI, Izatnagar, UP, 243 122, India.
| | - Vishesh K Saxena
- Disease Genetics and Biotechnology Lab, CARI, Izatnagar, UP, 243 122, India
| | - Mariah A Pasternak
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Angelique Nyinawabera
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Kunwar B Singh
- Animal Science Department, Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, USA
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
| | - Yuan Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gebre MS, Rauch S, Roth N, Gergen J, Yu J, Liu X, Cole AC, Mueller SO, Petsch B, Barouch DH. mRNA Vaccines Induce Rapid Antibody Responses in Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.11.01.466863. [PMID: 34751269 PMCID: PMC8575139 DOI: 10.1101/2021.11.01.466863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
mRNA vaccines can be developed and produced quickly, making them attractive for immediate outbreak responses. Furthermore, clinical trials have demonstrated rapid protection following mRNA vaccination. We sought to investigate how quickly mRNA vaccines elicit antibody responses compared to other vaccine modalities. We first examined immune kinetics of mRNA and DNA vaccines expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike in mice. We observed rapid induction of antigen-specific binding and neutralizing antibodies by day 5 following mRNA, but not DNA, immunization. The mRNA vaccine also induced increased levels of IL-5, IL-6 and MCP-1. We then evaluated immune kinetics of an HIV-1 mRNA vaccine in comparison to DNA, protein, and rhesus adenovirus 52 (RhAd52) vaccines with the same HIV-1 envelope antigen in mice. Induction of envelope-specific antibodies was observed by day 5 following mRNA vaccination, whereas antibodies were detected by day 7-14 following DNA, protein, and RhAd52 vaccination. Eliciting rapid humoral immunity may be an advantageous property of mRNA vaccines for controlling infectious disease outbreaks. IMPORTANCE mRNA vaccines can be developed and produced in record time. Here we demonstrate induction of rapid antibody responses by mRNA vaccines encoding two different viral antigens by day 5 following immunization in mice. The rapid immune kinetics of mRNA vaccines can be an advantageous property that makes them well suited for rapid control of infectious disease outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makda S. Gebre
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jingyou Yu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Andrew C. Cole
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | | | - Dan H. Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vinpocetine alleviates lung inflammation via macrophage inflammatory protein-1β inhibition in an ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma model. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251012. [PMID: 33914833 PMCID: PMC8084130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a well-known bronchial disease that causes bronchial inflammation, narrowing of the bronchial tubes, and bronchial mucus secretion, leading to bronchial blockade. In this study, we investigated the association between phosphodiesterase (PDE), specifically PDE1, and asthma using 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX; a non-specific PDE inhibitor) and vinpocetine (Vinp; a PDE1 inhibitor). Balb/c mice were randomized to five treatment groups: control, ovalbumin (OVA), OVA + IBMX, OVA + Vinp, and OVA + dexamethasone (Dex). All mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA, except for the control group. IBMX, Vinp, or Dex was intraperitoneally administered 1 h before the challenge. Vinp treatment significantly inhibited the increase in airway hyper-responsiveness (P<0.001) and reduced the number of inflammatory cells, particularly eosinophils, in the lungs (P<0.01). It also ameliorated the damage to the bronchi and alveoli and decreased the OVA-specific IgE levels in serum, an indicator of allergic inflammation increased by OVA (P<0.05). Furthermore, the increase in interleukin-13, a known Th2 cytokine, was significantly decreased by Vinp (P<0.05), and Vinp regulated the release and mRNA expression of macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β) increased by OVA (P<0.05). Taken together, these results suggest that PDE1 is associated with allergic lung inflammation induced by OVA. Thus, PDE1 inhibitors can be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of asthma.
Collapse
|
14
|
Huo X, Fan C, Ai T, Su J. The Combination of Molecular Adjuvant CCL35.2 and DNA Vaccine Significantly Enhances the Immune Protection of Carassius auratus gibelio against CyHV-2 Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040567. [PMID: 33019519 PMCID: PMC7712643 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) infection results in huge economic losses in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) industry. In this study, we first constructed recombinant plasmids pcORF25 and pcCCL35.2 as DNA vaccine and molecular adjuvant against CyHV-2, respectively, and confirmed that both recombinant plasmids could be effectively expressed in vitro and in vivo. Then, the vaccination and infection experiments (n = 50) were set as seven groups. The survival rate (70%) in ORF25/CCL35.2 group was highest. The highest specific antibody levels were found in ORF25/CCL35.2 group in major immune tissues by qRT-PCR, and confirmed in serum by ELISA assay, antibody neutralization titer, and serum incubation-infection experiments. Three crucial innate immune indices, namely C3 content, lysozyme, and total superoxide dismutase (TSOD) activities, were highest in ORF25/CCL35.2 group in serum. pcORF25/pcCCL35.2 can effectively up-regulate mRNA expressions of some important immune genes (IL-1β, IL-2, IFN-γ2, and viperin), and significantly suppress CyHV-2 replication in head kidney and spleen tissues. The minimal tissue lesions can be seen in ORF25/CCL35.2 group in gill, spleen, and trunk kidney tissues by histopathological examination. The results indicated that the combination of DNA vaccine pcORF25 and molecular adjuvant pcCCL35.2 is an effective method against CyHV-2 infection, suggesting a feasible strategy for the control of fish viral diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Huo
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.H.); (C.F.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chengjian Fan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.H.); (C.F.)
| | - Taoshan Ai
- Wuhan Chopper Fishery Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430207, China;
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.H.); (C.F.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-8728-2227
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Anaya-Loyola MA, García-Marín G, García-Gutiérrez DG, Castaño-Tostado E, Reynoso-Camacho R, López-Ramos JE, Enciso-Moreno JA, Pérez-Ramírez IF. A mango (Mangifera indica L.) juice by-product reduces gastrointestinal and upper respiratory tract infection symptoms in children. Food Res Int 2020; 136:109492. [PMID: 32846573 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the effect of a mango juice by-product (JBP) on upper-respiratory and gastrointestinal tract infection symptoms in children (6-8 y) in a randomized, double-blind, parallel, case-control study. For two months, children drank either flavored water (control group) or a mango JBP-based beverage (0.04 g·ml-1; treatment group); such beverage provided 1.1 g, 278.6 mg and 7.8 mg of dietary fiber, extractable polyphenols (mono-to-hepta galloyl hexosides, mangiferin), and hydrolysable polyphenols (ellagic/gallic acid) per portion, respectively. Mango JBP reduced the incidence of gastrointestinal (flatulencies and abdominal inflammation; p ≤ 0.007) and upper-tract respiratory (crystalline mucus, itchy throat, runny nose, itchy nose, and sneezing; p ≤ 0.038) and such benefits were associated to increased serum levels of PAI-I, MIP-1a, and MIP-1b (p ≤ 0.04) and decreased levels of IgG, MIF, and osteopontin (p ≤ 0.01). We concluded that JBP-based beverage has immunomodulatory properties, useful to prevent or even treat common infectious diseases in school-age children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam A Anaya-Loyola
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Juan E López-Ramos
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, IMSS, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico
| | | | - Iza F Pérez-Ramírez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells provide B-cell help in vaccinated and subsequently SIV-infected Rhesus Macaques. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10060. [PMID: 32572140 PMCID: PMC7308357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66964-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells help combat opportunistic infections. Thus, MAIT cells are of interest in HIV/SIV vaccination and infection. We investigated MAIT cell dynamics and function in rhesus macaque blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) following mucosal adenovirus (Ad)-SIV recombinant priming, intramuscular SIV envelope boosting and infection following repeated low-dose intravaginal SIV exposures. Increased frequencies of blood MAIT cells over the course of vaccination were observed, which were maintained even 12-weeks post-SIV infection. BAL MAIT cells only increased after the first Ad immunization. Vaccination increased MAIT cell levels in blood and BAL expressing the antiviral cytokine IFN-γ and TNF-α and the proliferation marker Ki67. Upon T cell-specific α-CD3, α-CD28 stimulation, MAIT cells showed a greater capacity to secrete cytokines/chemokines associated with help for B cell activation, migration and regulation compared to CD3+MR1− cells. Culture of MAIT cell supernatants with B cells led to greater tissue like memory B cell frequencies. MAIT cell frequencies in blood and BAL correlated with SIV-specific antibody levels in rectal secretions and with SIV-specific tissue resident memory B cells. Overall, SIV vaccination influenced MAIT cell frequency and functionality. The potential for MAIT cells to provide help to B cells was evident during both vaccination and infection.
Collapse
|
17
|
Qeadan F, Bansal P, Hanson JA, Beswick EJ. The MK2 pathway is linked to G-CSF, cytokine production and metastasis in gastric cancer: a novel intercorrelation analysis approach. J Transl Med 2020; 18:137. [PMID: 32216812 PMCID: PMC7098132 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02294-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer is associated with chronic inflammation, but there is still much to understand about the tumor microenvironment and the underlying tumor-promoting mechanisms. The Map kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) pathway is a regulator of inflammatory cytokine production that we have been studying in gastrointestinal cancers. Here, we set out to determine the significance of this gene in gastric cancer along with its downstream mediators and if there were differences in the primary tumors with and without metastasis. Methods Human gastric cancer tissues with and without metastasis were examined for MK2 expression and cytokine profile in organ culture supernatants. Advanced statistical methods including a lower triangular correlation matrix, novel rooted correlation network, linear and logistic regression modeling along with Kruskal–Wallis testing with Sidak correction for multiple testing were applied to gain understanding of cytokines/chemokines linked to metastasis. Results The MK2 pathway is strongly linked with metastasis and a panel of cytokines. Gene expression was able to classify gastric cancer metastasis 85.7% of the time. A significant association with a panel of cytokines was found, including G-CSF, GM-CSF, Mip-1β, IFN-α, MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Mip-1β was found to have the strongest association with MK2 and metastasis after Sidak correction for multiple testing. Conclusions MK2 gene expression and a novel associated cytokine panel are linked to gastric cancer metastasis. G-CSF is the strongest cytokine to differentiate between metastasis and non-metastasis patients and had the lowest P value, while Mip-1β showed the strongest association with MK2 and metastasis after Sidak correction. MK2 and associated cytokines are potential biomarkers for gastric cancer metastasis. The novel intercorrelation analysis approach is a promising method for understanding the complex nature of cytokine/chemokine regulation and links to disease outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fares Qeadan
- Department of Family and Preventative Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Pranshu Bansal
- New Mexico Oncology Hematology Consultants, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Joshua A Hanson
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Ellen J Beswick
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Specificity of gut microbiota in children with autism spectrum disorder in Slovakia and its correlation with astrocytes activity marker and specific behavioural patterns. Physiol Behav 2020; 214:112745. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
19
|
A role for the CCR5-CCL5 interaction in the preferential migration of HSV-2-specific effector cells to the vaginal mucosa upon nasal immunization. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:1391-1403. [PMID: 31551493 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Our current study focused on elucidating the role of specific chemokine-receptor interactions in antigen (Ag)-specific immune cell migration from nasal to genital mucosal tissues. This cellular migration is critical to induce effective Ag-specific immune responses against sexually transmitted genital infections. In this study, nasal immunization with live attenuated HSV-2 TK- induced the upregulation of CCR5 expression in effector immune cells, including CD4+ T cells, in Ag-priming sites and vaginal tissue. The CCR5 ligands CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5 all showed upregulated expression in vaginal tissue; in particular, CCL5 expression was highly enhanced in the stromal cells of vaginal tissue after nasal immunization. Intravaginal blockade of CCL5 by using neutralizing antibody diminished the number of HSV-2-specific effector cells in the vagina. Furthermore, loss of CCR5, a receptor for CCL5, impaired the migration of nasally primed Ag-specific effector cells from the airway to vagina. Effector cells adoptively transferred from CCR5-deficient mice failed to migrate into vaginal tissue, consequently increasing recipient mice's susceptibility to HSV-2 vaginal infection. These results indicate that the CCR5-CCL5 chemokine pathway is required for the migration and retention of nasally primed Ag-specific effector cells in vagina for providing protective immunity against HSV-2 infection.
Collapse
|
20
|
Immunization of BLT Humanized Mice Redirects T Cell Responses to Gag and Reduces Acute HIV-1 Viremia. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00814-19. [PMID: 31375576 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00814-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BLT (bone marrow-liver-thymus) humanized mice, which reconstitute a functional human immune system, develop prototypic human virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses following infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We explored the utility of the BLT model for HIV-1 vaccine development by immunizing BLT mice against the conserved viral Gag protein, utilizing a rapid prime-boost protocol of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid microparticles and a replication-defective herpes simplex virus (HSV) recombinant vector. After HIV-1 challenge, the mice developed broad, proteome-wide gamma interferon-positive (IFN-γ+) T cell responses against HIV-1 that reached magnitudes equivalent to what is observed in HIV-1-infected individuals. The functionality of these responses was underscored by the consistent emergence of escape mutations in multiple CD8+ T cell epitopes during the course of infection. Although prechallenge vaccine-induced responses were largely undetectable, the Gag immunization increased both the magnitude and the kinetics of anamnestic Gag-specific T cell responses following HIV-1 infection, and the magnitude of these postchallenge Gag-specific responses was inversely correlated with acute HIV-1 viremia. Indeed, Gag immunization was associated with a modest but significant 0.5-log reduction in HIV-1 viral load when analyzed across four experimental groups of BLT mice. Notably, the HSV vector induced elevated plasma concentrations of polarizing cytokines and chemotactic factors, including interleukin-12p70 (IL-12p70) and MIP-1α, which were positively correlated with the magnitude of Gag-specific responses. Overall, these results support the ability of BLT mice to recapitulate human pathogen-specific T cell responses and to respond to immunization; however, additional improvements to the model are required to develop a robust system for testing HIV-1 vaccine efficacy.IMPORTANCE Advances in the development of humanized mice have raised the possibility of a small-animal model for preclinical testing of an HIV-1 vaccine. Here, we describe the capacity of BLT humanized mice to mount broadly directed HIV-1-specific human T cell responses that are functionally active, as indicated by the rapid emergence of viral escape mutations. Although immunization of BLT mice with the conserved viral Gag protein did not result in detectable prechallenge responses, it did increase the magnitude and kinetics of postchallenge Gag-specific T cell responses, which was associated with a modest but significant reduction in acute HIV-1 viremia. Additionally, the BLT model revealed immunization-associated increases in the plasma concentrations of immunomodulatory cytokines and chemokines that correlated with more robust T cell responses. These data support the potential utility of the BLT humanized mouse for HIV-1 vaccine development but suggest that additional improvements to the model are warranted.
Collapse
|
21
|
CCL4 as an adjuvant for DNA vaccination in a Her2/neu mouse tumor model. Cancer Gene Ther 2016; 23:162-7. [PMID: 27056671 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2016.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are key regulators of both innate and adaptive immune responses. CCL4 (macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, MIP-1β) is a CC chemokine that has a broad spectrum of target cells including immature dendritic cells, which express the cognate receptor CCR5. We asked whether a plasmid encoding CCL4 is able to improve tumor protection and immune responses in a Her2/neu+ mouse tumor model. Balb/c mice were immunized twice intramuscularly with plasmid DNA on days 1 and 15. On day 25, a tumor challenge was performed with 2 × 10(5) syngeneic Her2/neu+ D2F2/E2 tumor cells. Different groups of mice were vaccinated with pDNA(Her2/neu) plus pDNA(CCL4), pDNA(Her2/neu), pDNA(CCL4) or mock vector alone. Our results show that CCL4 is able to (i) improve tumor protection and (ii) augment a TH1-polarized immune response against Her2/neu. Although Her2/neu-specific humoral and T-cell immune responses were comparable with that induced in previous studies using CCL19 or CCL21 as adjuvants, tumor protection conferred by CCL4 was inferior. Whether this is due to a different spectrum of (innate) immune cells, remains to be clarified. However, combination of CCL19/21 with CCL4 might be a reasonable approach in the future, particularly for DNA vaccination in Her2/neu+ breast cancer in the situation of minimal residual disease.
Collapse
|
22
|
Erythropoiesis in Malaria Infections and Factors Modifying the Erythropoietic Response. Anemia 2016; 2016:9310905. [PMID: 27034825 PMCID: PMC4789361 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9310905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anemia is the primary clinical manifestation of malarial infections and is responsible for the substantial rate of morbidity. The pathophysiology discussed till now catalogued several causes for malarial anemia among which ineffective erythropoiesis being remarkable one occurs silently in the bone marrow. A systematic literature search was performed and summarized information on erythropoietic response upon malaria infection and the factors responsible for the same. This review summarizes the clinical and experimental studies on patients, mouse models, and in vitro cell cultures reporting erythropoietic changes upon malaria infection as well as factors accountable for the same. Inadequate erythropoietic response during malaria infection may be the collective effect of various mediators generated by host immune response as well as parasite metabolites. The interplay between various modulators causing the pathophysiology needs to be explored further. Globin gene expression profiling upon malaria infection should also be looked into as abnormal production of globin chains could be a possible contributor to ineffective erythropoiesis.
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang X, Meng D. Innate endogenous adjuvants prime to desirable immune responses via mucosal routes. Protein Cell 2014; 6:170-84. [PMID: 25503634 PMCID: PMC4348248 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-014-0125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is an effective strategy to prevent infectious or immune related diseases, which has made remarkable contribution in human history. Recently increasing attentions have been paid to mucosal vaccination due to its multiple advantages over conventional ways. Subunit or peptide antigens are more reasonable immunogens for mucosal vaccination than live or attenuated pathogens, however adjuvants are required to augment the immune responses. Many mucosal adjuvants have been developed to prime desirable immune responses to different etiologies. Compared with pathogen derived adjuvants, innate endogenous molecules incorporated into mucosal vaccines demonstrate prominent adjuvanticity and safety. Nowadays, cytokines are broadly used as mucosal adjuvants for participation of signal transduction of immune responses, activation of innate immunity and polarization of adaptive immunity. Desired immune responses are promptly and efficaciously primed on basis of specific interactions between cytokines and corresponding receptors. In addition, some other innate molecules are also identified as potent mucosal adjuvants. This review focuses on innate endogenous mucosal adjuvants, hoping to shed light on the development of mucosal vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China,
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Croxford AL, Karbach S, Kurschus FC, Wörtge S, Nikolaev A, Yogev N, Klebow S, Schüler R, Reissig S, Piotrowski C, Brylla E, Bechmann I, Scheller J, Rose-John S, Thomas Wunderlich F, Münzel T, von Stebut E, Waisman A. IL-6 Regulates Neutrophil Microabscess Formation in IL-17A-Driven Psoriasiform Lesions. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:728-735. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
25
|
Ashenafi S, Aderaye G, Bekele A, Zewdie M, Aseffa G, Hoang ATN, Carow B, Habtamu M, Wijkander M, Rottenberg M, Aseffa A, Andersson J, Svensson M, Brighenti S. Progression of clinical tuberculosis is associated with a Th2 immune response signature in combination with elevated levels of SOCS3. Clin Immunol 2014; 151:84-99. [PMID: 24584041 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we explored the local cytokine/chemokine profiles in patients with active pulmonary or pleural tuberculosis (TB) using multiplex protein analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage and pleural fluid samples. Despite increased pro-inflammation compared to the uninfected controls; there was no up-regulation of IFN-γ or the T cell chemoattractant CCL5 in the lung of patients with pulmonary TB. Instead, elevated levels of IL-4 and CCL4 were associated with high mycobacteria-specific IgG titres as well as SOCS3 (suppressors of cytokine signaling) mRNA and progression of moderate-to-severe disease. Contrary, IL-4, CCL4 and SOCS3 remained low in patients with extrapulmonary pleural TB, while IFN-γ, CCL5 and SOCS1 were up-regulated. Both SOCS molecules were induced in human macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro. The Th2 immune response signature found in patients with progressive pulmonary TB could result from inappropriate cytokine/chemokine responses and excessive SOCS3 expression that may represent potential targets for clinical TB management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Senait Ashenafi
- Karolinska Institutet, Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), F59, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Black Lion University Hospital and Addis Ababa University, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Aderaye
- Black Lion University Hospital and Addis Ababa University, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Amsalu Bekele
- Black Lion University Hospital and Addis Ababa University, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Martha Zewdie
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Aseffa
- Black Lion University Hospital and Addis Ababa University, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Anh Thu Nguyen Hoang
- Karolinska Institutet, Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), F59, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Berit Carow
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meseret Habtamu
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Maria Wijkander
- Karolinska Institutet, Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), F59, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Rottenberg
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abraham Aseffa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Jan Andersson
- Karolinska Institutet, Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), F59, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Svensson
- Karolinska Institutet, Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), F59, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna Brighenti
- Karolinska Institutet, Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), F59, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Potential roles of CCR5(+) CCR6(+) dendritic cells induced by nasal ovalbumin plus Flt3 ligand expressing adenovirus for mucosal IgA responses. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60453. [PMID: 23565250 PMCID: PMC3615010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the role of CCR5+/CCR6+/CD11b+/CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) for induction of ovalbumin (OVA)-specific antibody (Ab) responses following mucosal immunization. Mice given nasal OVA plus an adenovirus expressing Flt3 ligand (Ad-FL) showed early expansion of CCR5+/CCR6+/CD11b+/CD11c+ DCs in nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) and cervical lymph nodes (CLNs). Subsequently, this DC subset became resident in submandibular glands (SMGs) and nasal passages (NPs) in response to high levels of CCR-ligands produced in these tissues. CD11b+/CD11c+ DCs were markedly decreased in both CCR5−/− and CCR6−/− mice. Chimera mice reconstituted with bone marrow cells from CD11c-diphtheria toxin receptor (CD11c-DTR) and CCR5−/− or CD11c-DTR and CCR6−/− mice given nasal OVA plus Ad-FL had elevated plasma IgG, but reduced IgA as well as low anti-OVA secretory IgA (SIgA )Ab responses in saliva and nasal washes. These results suggest that CCR5+CCR6+ DCs play an important role in the induction of Ag-specific SIgA Ab responses.
Collapse
|
27
|
Mathieu C, Rioux G, Dumas MC, Leclerc D. Induction of innate immunity in lungs with virus-like nanoparticles leads to protection against influenza and Streptococcus pneumoniae challenge. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 9:839-48. [PMID: 23499666 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nanoparticles composed of the coat protein of a plant virus (papaya mosaic virus; PapMV) and a single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) trigger a strong innate immune stimulation in the lungs of the animals a few hours following instillation. A rapid recruitment of neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes follows. This treatment was able to provide protection to an influenza challenge that lasts at least 5 days. Protection could be recalled for longer periods by repeating the instillations once per week for more than 10 weeks. The treatment also conferred protection to a lethal challenge with Streptococcus pneumoniae--the major cause of bacterial pneumonia. Finally, we also showed that the nanoparticles could be used to treat mice infected with influenza and significantly decrease morbidity. These data strengthen the potential for using PapMV nanoparticles as non-specific inducers of the innate immune response in lungs during viral pandemics or to combat bioterrorist attack. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR In this study, virus-like nanoparticles were utilized to induce innate immune responses in a mouse model. They were also demonstrated to provide enhanced immune responses during actual pneumonia and ongoing viral infection. Strategies like this may become very helpful in human applications, including bioterrorism countermeasures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mathieu
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Infectious Disease Research Centre/CHU de Québec, Laval University, Laurier, Quebec City, PQ, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nagashima H, Nakagawa H, Kushiro M. Opposite effects of two trichothecene mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol and nivalenol, on the levels of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α and MIP-1β in HL60 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 34:1014-1017. [PMID: 22964157 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the toxicities of the trichothecene mycotoxins deoxynivalenol and nivalenol, their effects on the secretion of anti-hematopoietic chemokines, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) and MIP-1β in human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL60 were investigated. Exposure to deoxynivalenol for 24h significantly induced the secretion of chemokines. The induction of these chemokines may account for the leukopenia after exposure to trichothecene mycotoxins. Treatment with nivalenol decreased the secretion of these chemokines. Our finding that deoxynivalenol induces the secretion of these chemokines, whereas nivalenol has the opposite effect, clearly indicates that the toxicity mechanisms of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol differ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Nagashima
- National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
CCL5-independent helper T lymphocyte responses to immuno-dominant pneumococcal surface protein A epitopes. Vaccine 2011; 30:1181-90. [PMID: 22178100 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the requirements for protection against pneumococcal carriage and pneumonia will greatly benefit efforts in controlling these diseases. Several antigens, in addition to the polysaccharide capsule, have been implicated in both the virulence and protective immunity against Streptococcus pneumoniae; one of the best-studied S. pneumoniae antigens is pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA). Recently, it was shown that genetic polymorphisms could diminish CCL5 expression, which results in increased susceptibility to and progression of infectious diseases. We previously showed CCL5 blockade reduced PspA-specific humoral and cellular pneumococcal immunity, during S. pneumoniae strain EF3030-induced carriage, by diminishing IFN-γ and enhancing IL-10 secretion by effector T cells. We also identified immuno-dominant helper T lymphocyte (HTL) epitopes in PspA peptide 19-23 (PspA(199-246)), which caused comparatively more cytokine secretion and proliferation responses by splenic and cervical lymph node (CLN) CD4(+) T cells from mice previously challenged with S. pneumoniae strain EF3030. In this study, we sought to determine if PspA(199-246)-specific CD4(+) T cells responses were resistant to the effect of CCL5 deficiency. In short, T cell responses against these HTL epitopes were resistant to CCL5 inhibition, than compared to cells from control or naïve mice, and unaffected by reduced co-stimulatory molecule expression caused by CCL5 blockade. CCL5 deficiency also corresponded with a higher number of IL-10(+) CD11b(+) CD11c(Lo) and CD11b(+) CD11c(Hi) cells and lower IFN-γ expression by similar cells, than compared to controls. These data confirm CCL5 is an essential factor for optimal pneumococcal adaptive immunity and show CD4(+) T cell responses to PspA(199-246) are largely resistant to CCL5 deficiency.
Collapse
|
30
|
Kataoka K, Fujihashi K, Terao Y, Gilbert RS, Sekine S, Kobayashi R, Fukuyama Y, Kawabata S, Fujihashi K. Oral-nasopharyngeal dendritic cells mediate T cell-independent IgA class switching on B-1 B cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25396. [PMID: 21980444 PMCID: PMC3183055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Native cholera toxin (nCT) as a nasal adjuvant was shown to elicit increased levels of T-independent S-IgA antibody (Ab) responses through IL-5- IL-5 receptor interactions between CD4+ T cells and IgA+ B-1 B cells in murine submandibular glands (SMGs) and nasal passages (NPs). Here, we further investigate whether oral-nasopharyngeal dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in the induction of B-1 B cell IgA class switch recombination (CSR) for the enhancement of T cell-independent (TI) mucosal S-IgA Ab responses. High expression levels of activation-induced cytidine deaminase, Iα-Cμ circulation transcripts and Iμ-Cα transcripts were seen on B-1 B cells purified from SMGs and NPs of both TCRβ−/− mice and wild-type mice given nasal trinitrophenyl (TNP)-LPS plus nCT, than in the same tissues of mice given nCT or TNP-LPS alone. Further, DCs from SMGs, NPs and NALT of mice given nasal TNP-LPS plus nCT expressed significantly higher levels of a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) than those in mice given TNP-LPS or nCT alone, whereas the B-1 B cells in SMGs and NPs showed elevated levels of transmembrane activator and calcium modulator cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI) expression. Interestingly, high frequencies of IgA+ B-1 B cells were induced when peritoneal IgA− IgM+ B cells were stimulated with mucosal DCs from mice given nasal TNP-LPS plus nCT. Taken together, these findings show that nasal nCT plays a key role in the enhancement of mucosal DC-mediated TI IgA CSR by B-1 B cells through their interactions with APRIL and TACI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Kataoka
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
- Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Microbiology, The Immunobiology Vaccine Center, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Keiko Fujihashi
- Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Microbiology, The Immunobiology Vaccine Center, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Yutaka Terao
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rebekah S. Gilbert
- Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Microbiology, The Immunobiology Vaccine Center, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Shinichi Sekine
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryoki Kobayashi
- Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Microbiology, The Immunobiology Vaccine Center, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Yoshiko Fukuyama
- Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Microbiology, The Immunobiology Vaccine Center, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Shigetada Kawabata
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Fujihashi
- Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Microbiology, The Immunobiology Vaccine Center, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
The CC chemokine receptor 5 regulates olfactory and social recognition in mice. Neuroscience 2011; 197:153-61. [PMID: 21963866 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that regulate cell migration and are thought to play an important role in a broad range of inflammatory diseases. The availability of chemokine receptor blockers makes them an important therapeutic target. In vitro, chemokines are shown to modulate neurotransmission. However, it is not very clear if chemokines play a role in behavior and cognition. Here we evaluated the role of CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) in various behavioral tasks in mice using Wt (Ccr5⁺/⁺) and Ccr5-null (Ccr5⁻/⁻)mice. Ccr5⁻/⁻ mice showed enhanced social recognition. Administration of CC chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3), one of the CCR5-ligands, impaired social recognition. Since the social recognition task is dependent on the sense of olfaction, we tested olfactory recognition for social and non-social scents in these mice. Ccr5⁻/⁻ mice had enhanced olfactory recognition for both these scents indicating that enhanced performance in social recognition task could be due to enhanced olfactory recognition in these mice. Spatial memory and aversive memory were comparable in Wt and Ccr5⁻/⁻ mice. Collectively, these results suggest that chemokines/chemokine receptors might play an important role in olfactory recognition tasks in mice and to our knowledge represents the first direct demonstration of an in vivo role of CCR5 in modulating social behavior in mice. These studies are important as CCR5 blockers are undergoing clinical trials and can potentially modulate behavior.
Collapse
|
32
|
Thompson AL, Staats HF. Cytokines: the future of intranasal vaccine adjuvants. Clin Dev Immunol 2011; 2011:289597. [PMID: 21826181 PMCID: PMC3150188 DOI: 10.1155/2011/289597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to its potential as an effective, needle-free route of immunization for use with subunit vaccines, nasal immunization continues to be evaluated as a route of immunization in both research and clinical studies. However, as with other vaccination routes, subunit vaccines often require the addition of adjuvants to induce potent immune responses. Unfortunately, many commonly used experimental vaccine adjuvants, such as cholera toxin and E. coli heat-labile toxin, are too toxic for use in humans. Because new adjuvants are needed, cytokines have been evaluated for their ability to provide effective adjuvant activity when delivered by the nasal route in both animal models and in limited human studies. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss the potential of cytokines as nasal vaccine adjuvants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afton L. Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, P.O. Box 3712, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Herman F. Staats
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, P.O. Box 3712, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sullivan NL, Eickhoff CS, Zhang X, Giddings OK, Lane TE, Hoft DF. Importance of the CCR5-CCL5 axis for mucosal Trypanosoma cruzi protection and B cell activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:1358-68. [PMID: 21715689 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is an intracellular parasite and the causative agent of Chagas disease. Previous work has shown that the chemokine receptor CCR5 plays a role in systemic T. cruzi protection. We evaluated the importance of CCR5 and CCL5 for mucosal protection against natural oral and conjunctival T. cruzi challenges. T. cruzi-immune CCR5(-/-) and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were generated by repeated infectious challenges with T. cruzi. CCR5(-/-) and wild-type mice developed equivalent levels of cellular, humoral, and protective mucosal responses. However, CCR5(-/-)-immune mice produced increased levels of CCL5 in protected gastric tissues, suggesting compensatory signaling through additional receptors. Neutralization of CCL5 in CCR5(-/-)-immune mice resulted in decreased mucosal inflammatory responses, reduced T. cruzi-specific Ab-secreting cells, and significantly less mucosal T. cruzi protection, confirming an important role for CCL5 in optimal immune control of T. cruzi replication at the point of initial mucosal invasion. To investigate further the mechanism responsible for mucosal protection mediated by CCL5-CCR5 signaling, we evaluated the effects of CCL5 on B cells. CCL5 enhanced proliferation and IgM secretion in highly purified B cells triggered by suboptimal doses of LPS. In addition, neutralization of endogenous CCL5 inhibited B cell proliferation and IgM secretion during stimulation of highly purified B cells, indicating that B cell production of CCL5 has important autocrine effects. These findings demonstrate direct effects of CCL5 on B cells, with significant implications for the development of mucosal adjuvants, and further suggest that CCL5 may be important as a general B cell coactivator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University Medical Center, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
The immuno-regulatory effects of Schisandra chinensis and its constituents on human monocytic leukemia cells. Molecules 2011; 16:4836-49. [PMID: 21666550 PMCID: PMC6264271 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16064836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many diseases occur when the immune system is weakened. Intracellular signals activate immuno-responsive cells to produce cytokines that modulate the immune response. Schisandra chinensis has been used traditionally to treat general fatigue, neurasthenia, and spontaneous sweating. In the present study, the effect of constituents of S. chinensis on cytokine release by human monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1) was tested using microparticle-based flow cytometric analysis. Two major lignans, schizandrin (Sch) and gomisin A (Gom A), were identified and shown to induce interleukin (IL)-8, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β), and granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) release by THP-1 cells. By reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or quantitative real-time PCR, there was a dose-dependent increase of IL-8, MIP-1β and GM-CSF mRNA levels. Thus, Sch and Gom A from S. chinensis enhance cytokine release by THP-1 cells and this effect occurs through mRNA upregulation. Upregulation of MIP-1β and GM-CSF in particular may have clinical applications. Therefore, S. chinensis may be therapeutically beneficial by promoting humoral and cell-mediated immune responses.
Collapse
|
35
|
Horsnell WGC, Vira A, Kirstein F, Mearns H, Hoving JC, Cutler AJ, Dewals B, Myburgh E, Kimberg M, Arendse B, White N, Lopata A, Burger PE, Brombacher F. IL-4Rα-responsive smooth muscle cells contribute to initiation of TH2 immunity and pulmonary pathology in Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infections. Mucosal Immunol 2011; 4:83-92. [PMID: 20737001 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2010.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infections generate pulmonary pathologies that can be associated with strong T(H)2 polarization of the host's immune response. We present data demonstrating N. brasiliensis-driven airway mucus production to be dependent on smooth muscle cell interleukin 4 receptor-α (IL-4Rα) responsiveness. At days 7 and 10 post infection (PI), significant airway mucus production was found in IL-4Rα(-/lox) control mice, whereas global knockout (IL-4Rα(-/-)) and smooth muscle-specific IL-4Rα-deficient mice (SM-MHC(Cre) IL-4Rα(-/lox)) showed reduced airway mucus responses. Furthermore, interleukin (IL)-13 and IL-5 cytokine production in SM-MHC(Cre) IL-4Rα(-/lox) mice was impaired along with a transient reduction in T-cell numbers in the lung. In vitro treatment of smooth muscle cells with secreted N. brasiliensis excretory-secretory antigen (NES) induced IL-6 production. Decreased protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent smooth muscle cell proliferation associated with cell cycle arrest was found in cells stimulated with NES. Together, these data demonstrate that both IL-4Rα and NES-driven responses by smooth muscle cells make important contributions in initiating T(H)2 responses against N. brasiliensis infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W G C Horsnell
- Division of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gonsalves C, Kalra VK. Endothelin-1–Induced Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1β Expression in Monocytic Cells Involves Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α and AP-1 and Is Negatively Regulated by microRNA-195. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:6253-64. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
37
|
Zhang N, Wang Z, Tang X, Wang H, Li H, Huang H, Bai H, Yang X. Type 1 T-cell responses in chlamydial lung infections are associated with local MIP-1alpha response. Cell Mol Immunol 2010; 7:355-60. [PMID: 20622889 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2010.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors are important mediators of leukocyte trafficking and recruitment and sometimes work as modulators of T-cell responses during infections and inflammation. Modulating the biological activity of chemokines has been found to influence the course of diseases. However, little is known about the role of chemokine responses during chlamydial lung infections. We therefore analyzed the dynamics of multiple chemokines, which are frequently associated with type 1 (Th1) T cell immune responses, and their receptors for their expression in the lungs during Chlamydia muridarum (Cm) infections. We also examined the relationship between chemokine responses and the development of Th1 responses as well as the clearance of infection. Our results showed that in parallel with the high levels of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and IL-12 production in the lungs and draining lymph nodes, and the expansion of IFN-gamma-producing CD4 and CD8+ T cells, the production of the cell-related chemokines RANTES, IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) and their receptor CCR1 was elevated in the lung tissues after infection. Interestingly, in a later phase of infection, the expression of RANTES and IP-10 remained elevated but the expression of MIP-1alpha and CCR1 decreased to a low level, which suggests a closer association with the pattern of Th1 cytokine responses in the process of infection. These results suggest a close association between the MIP-1alpha response and the Th1-type T-cell responses in chlamydial lung infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naihong Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Memory CD8+ T cells from naturally acquired primary dengue virus infection are highly cross-reactive. Immunol Cell Biol 2010; 89:122-9. [PMID: 20421879 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2010.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cross-reactive memory T cells induced by primary infection with one of the four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV) are hypothesized to have an immunopathological function in secondary heterologous DENV infection. To define the T-cell response to heterologous serotypes, we isolated HLA-A(*)1101-restricted epitope-specific CD8(+) T-cell lines from primary DENV-immune donors. Cell lines exhibited marked cross-reactivity toward peptide variants representing the four DENV serotypes in tetramer binding and functional assays. Many clones responded similarly to homologous and heterologous serotypes with striking cross-reactivity between the DENV-1 and DENV-3 epitope variants. In vitro-stimulated T-cell lines consistently revealed a hierarchical induction of MIP-1β>degranulation>tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)>interferon-γ (IFNγ), which depended on the concentration of agonistic peptide. Phosphoflow assays showed peptide dose-dependent phosphorylation of ERK1/2, which correlated with cytolysis, degranulation, and induction of TNFα and IFNγ, but not MIP-1β production. This is the first study to show significant DENV serotype-cross-reactivity of CD8(+) T cells after naturally acquired primary infection. We also show qualitatively different T-cell receptor signaling after stimulation with homologous and heterologous peptides. Our data support a model whereby the order of sequential DENV infections influences the immune response to secondary heterologous DENV infection, contributing to varying disease outcomes.
Collapse
|
39
|
Huik K, Sadam M, Karki T, Avi R, Krispin T, Paap P, Rüütel K, Uusküla A, Talu A, Abel-Ollo K, Lutsar I. CCL3L1 copy number is a strong genetic determinant of HIV seropositivity in Caucasian intravenous drug users. J Infect Dis 2010; 201:730-9. [PMID: 20095832 DOI: 10.1086/650491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high copy number of CCL3L1, the most potent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-suppressive chemokine, associates with reduced HIV susceptibility. Whether CCL3L1 influences acquisition of multiple blood-borne infections (eg, hepatitis C virus [HCV], HIV, and hepatitis B virus [HBV] infections), which occur commonly among injection drug users (IDUs), is unknown. METHODS We determined CCL3L1 copy number by real-time polymerase chain reaction among 374 Caucasian IDUs from Estonia; 285 were HCV positive, 208 were HIV positive, 177 were HCV and HIV positive, and 57 were HCV and HIV negative. RESULTS In univariate and multivariate analyses, HCV and HBV seropositivity and duration of IDU each strongly predicted HIV seropositivity. A high CCL3L1 copy number (>2) was associated with an 80% reduced risk of acquiring HIV infection after adjusting for age, sex, HCV and HBV status, CCR5-Delta32 polymorphism, and IDU duration (odds ratio, 0.20; 95% confidence interval, 0.09-0.45). By contrast, CCL3L1 gene dose did not influence HCV seropositivity. Among HCV-positive IDUs, there was a 3.5-fold overrepresentation and 65% underrepresentation of a high CCL3L1 copy number among HCV-positive, HIV-negative subjects and HCV-positive, HIV-positive subjects, respectively. CONCLUSION Among IDUs with extensive exposure to HCV and HIV, CCL3L1 copy number is a major determinant of HIV seropositivity but not of HCV seropositivity. The contrasting distribution of a protective high CCL3L1 copy number among HCV-positive, HIV-negative IDUs versus HCV-positive, HIV-positive IDUs may reflect that HIV preferentially selects for subjects with a low CCL3L1 gene dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristi Huik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Na HS, Lim YJ, Yun YS, Kweon MN, Lee HC. Ginsan enhances humoral antibody response to orally delivered antigen. Immune Netw 2010; 10:5-14. [PMID: 20228931 PMCID: PMC2837155 DOI: 10.4110/in.2010.10.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There have been several reports describing the capability of ginseng extracts as an adjuvant. In this study, we tested if ginsan, a polysaccharide extracted from Panax ginseng, was effective in enhancing antibody response to orally delivered Salmonella antigen. Methods Ginsan was treated before oral salmonella antigen administration. Salmonella specific antibody was determined by ELISA. mRNA expression was determined by RT-PCR. Cell migration was determined by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. COX expression was detected by western blot. Results Ginsan treatment before oral Salmonella antigen delivery significantly increased both secretory and serum antibody production. Ginsan increased the expression of COX in the Peyer's patches. Various genes were screened and we found that CCL3 mRNA expression was increased in the Peyer's patch. Ginsan increased dendritic cells in the Peyer's patch and newly migrated dendritic cells were mostly found in the subepithelial dome region. When COX inhibitors were treated, the expression of CCL3 was reduced. COX inhibitor also antagonized both the migration of dendritic cells and the humoral immune response against oral Salmonella antigen. Conclusion Ginsan effectively enhances the humoral immune response to orally delivered antigen, mediated by CCL3 via COX. Ginsan may serve as a potent vaccine suppliment for oral immunization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Sam Na
- Department of Microbiology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan 330-714, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lajoie J, Poudrier J, Massinga Loembe M, Guédou F, Leblond F, Labbé AC, Alary M, Roger M. Chemokine expression patterns in the systemic and genital tract compartments are associated with HIV-1 infection in women from Benin. J Clin Immunol 2009; 30:90-8. [PMID: 19898927 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-009-9343-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding the genital mucosal immunity and the factors involved in linking innate to adaptive immunity is crucial for the design of efficient preventive strategies against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1. METHODS Levels of both genital mucosal and blood chemokines were compared between 58 HIV-1-uninfected and 50 HIV-1-infected female commercial sex workers (CSWs) as well as 53 HIV-1-uninfected non-CSW control women at low risk for exposure, recruited in Cotonou, Benin. RESULTS HIV-1-infected CSWs had significantly higher blood and genital levels of monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-3/CCL7) and monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG/CXCL9) compared with those in both the HIV-1-uninfected CSW and non-CSW groups. In the HIV-1-infected group, levels of MCP-3 and MIG were significantly higher in the genital mucosa than in the blood. However, the blood levels of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-1a/CCL3) and MIP-1b/CCL4 were higher in HIV-1-uninfected CSWs compared with those in the other groups. CONCLUSION Increased production of chemokines in the genital tract may favour the recruitment of HIV-1 target cells causing a mucosal environment that promotes viral replication and dissemination, whereas higher expression of beta-chemokines at the systemic level is associated with protection from HIV-1 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lajoie
- Laboratoire d'immunogénétique, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Camargo JF, Quinones MP, Mummidi S, Srinivas S, Gaitan AA, Begum K, Jimenez F, VanCompernolle S, Unutmaz D, Ahuja SS, Ahuja SK. CCR5 expression levels influence NFAT translocation, IL-2 production, and subsequent signaling events during T lymphocyte activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:171-82. [PMID: 19109148 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.1.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ligands of CCR5, the major coreceptor of HIV-1, costimulate T lymphocyte activation. However, the full impact of CCR5 expression on T cell responses remains unknown. Here, we show that compared with CCR5(+/+), T cells from CCR5(-/-) mice secrete lower amounts of IL-2, and a similar phenotype is observed in humans who lack CCR5 expression (CCR5-Delta32/Delta32 homozygotes) as well as after Ab-mediated blockade of CCR5 in human T cells genetically intact for CCR5 expression. Conversely, overexpression of CCR5 in human T cells results in enhanced IL-2 production. CCR5 surface levels correlate positively with IL-2 protein and mRNA abundance, suggesting that CCR5 affects IL-2 gene regulation. Signaling via CCR5 resulted in NFAT transactivation in T cells that was blocked by Abs against CCR5 agonists, suggesting a link between CCR5 and downstream pathways that influence IL-2 expression. Furthermore, murine T cells lacking CCR5 had reduced levels of intranuclear NFAT following activation. Accordingly, CCR5 expression also promoted IL-2-dependent events, including CD25 expression, STAT5 phosphorylation, and T cell proliferation. We therefore suggest that by influencing a NFAT-mediated pathway that regulates IL-2 production and IL-2-dependent events, CCR5 may play a critical role in T cell responses. In accord with our prior inferences from genetic-epidemiologic studies, such CCR5-dependent responses might constitute a viral entry-independent mechanism by which CCR5 may influence HIV-AIDS pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose F Camargo
- Veterans Administration Research Center for AIDS and HIV-1 Infection, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kulkarni H, Agan BK, Marconi VC, O'Connell RJ, Camargo JF, He W, Delmar J, Phelps KR, Crawford G, Clark RA, Dolan MJ, Ahuja SK. CCL3L1-CCR5 genotype improves the assessment of AIDS Risk in HIV-1-infected individuals. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3165. [PMID: 18776933 PMCID: PMC2522281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether vexing clinical decision-making dilemmas can be partly addressed by recent advances in genomics is unclear. For example, when to initiate highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) during HIV-1 infection remains a clinical dilemma. This decision relies heavily on assessing AIDS risk based on the CD4+ T cell count and plasma viral load. However, the trajectories of these two laboratory markers are influenced, in part, by polymorphisms in CCR5, the major HIV coreceptor, and the gene copy number of CCL3L1, a potent CCR5 ligand and HIV-suppressive chemokine. Therefore, we determined whether accounting for both genetic and laboratory markers provided an improved means of assessing AIDS risk. METHODS AND FINDINGS In a prospective, single-site, ethnically-mixed cohort of 1,132 HIV-positive subjects, we determined the AIDS risk conveyed by the laboratory and genetic markers separately and in combination. Subjects were assigned to a low, moderate or high genetic risk group (GRG) based on variations in CCL3L1 and CCR5. The predictive value of the CCL3L1-CCR5 GRGs, as estimated by likelihood ratios, was equivalent to that of the laboratory markers. GRG status also predicted AIDS development when the laboratory markers conveyed a contrary risk. Additionally, in two separate and large groups of HIV+ subjects from a natural history cohort, the results from additive risk-scoring systems and classification and regression tree (CART) analysis revealed that the laboratory and CCL3L1-CCR5 genetic markers together provided more prognostic information than either marker alone. Furthermore, GRGs independently predicted the time interval from seroconversion to CD4+ cell count thresholds used to guide HAART initiation. CONCLUSIONS The combination of the laboratory and genetic markers captures a broader spectrum of AIDS risk than either marker alone. By tracking a unique aspect of AIDS risk distinct from that captured by the laboratory parameters, CCL3L1-CCR5 genotypes may have utility in HIV clinical management. These findings illustrate how genomic information might be applied to achieve practical benefits of personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Kulkarni
- Veterans Administration Research Center for AIDS and HIV-1 Infection, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Brian K. Agan
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Infectious Disease Service, Wilford Hall United States Air Force Medical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Wilford Hall United States Air Force Medical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, United States of America
- San Antonio Military Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vincent C. Marconi
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Infectious Disease Service, Wilford Hall United States Air Force Medical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, United States of America
- San Antonio Military Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert J. O'Connell
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Infectious Disease Service, Wilford Hall United States Air Force Medical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jose F. Camargo
- Veterans Administration Research Center for AIDS and HIV-1 Infection, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Weijing He
- Veterans Administration Research Center for AIDS and HIV-1 Infection, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Judith Delmar
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Infectious Disease Service, Wilford Hall United States Air Force Medical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, United States of America
- San Antonio Military Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kenneth R. Phelps
- Stratton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albany, New York, United States of America
- Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - George Crawford
- Veterans Administration Research Center for AIDS and HIV-1 Infection, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Clark
- Veterans Administration Research Center for AIDS and HIV-1 Infection, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Dolan
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Infectious Disease Service, Wilford Hall United States Air Force Medical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Wilford Hall United States Air Force Medical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, United States of America
- San Antonio Military Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sunil K. Ahuja
- Veterans Administration Research Center for AIDS and HIV-1 Infection, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sakthivel SK, Singh UP, Singh S, Taub DD, Igietseme JU, Lillard JW. CCL5 regulation of mucosal chlamydial immunity and infection. BMC Microbiol 2008; 8:136. [PMID: 18700040 PMCID: PMC2543025 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-8-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 08/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Following genital chlamydial infection, an early T helper type 1 (Th1)-associated immune response precedes the activation and recruitment of specific Th1 cells bearing distinct chemokine receptors, subsequently leading to the clearance of Chlamydia. We have shown that CCR5, a receptor for CCL5, is crucial for protective chlamydial immunity. Our laboratory and others have also demonstrated that CCL5 deficiencies found in man and animals can increase the susceptibility and progression of infectious diseases by modulating mucosal immunity. These findings suggest the CCR5-CCL5 axis is necessary for optimal chlamydial immunity. We hypothesized CCL5 is required for protective humoral and cellular immunity against Chlamydia. Results The present study revealed that CCR5 and CCL5 mRNAs are elevated in the spleen, iliac lymph nodes (ILNs), and genital mucosa following Chlamydia muriduram challenge. Antibody (Ab)-mediated inhibition of CCL5 during genital chlamydial infection suppressed humoral and Th1 > Th2 cellular responses by splenic-, ILN-, and genital mucosa-derived lymphocytes. Antigen (Ag)-specific proliferative responses of CD4+ T cells from spleen, ILNs, and genital organs also declined after CCL5 inhibition. Conclusion The suppression of these responses correlated with delayed clearance of C. muriduram, which indicate chlamydial immunity is mediated by Th1 immune responses driven in part by CCL5. Taken together with other studies, the data show that CCL5 mediates the temporal recruitment and activation of leukocytes to mitigate chlamydial infection through enhancing adaptive mucosal humoral and cellular immunity.
Collapse
|
45
|
Shiraishi K, Ishiwata Y, Nakagawa K, Yokochi S, Taruki C, Akuta T, Ohtomo K, Matsushima K, Tamatani T, Kanegasaki S. Enhancement of antitumor radiation efficacy and consistent induction of the abscopal effect in mice by ECI301, an active variant of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:1159-66. [PMID: 18281550 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-4485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We studied whether i.v. administration of a chemokine after local tumor site irradiation could prevent remaining, as well as distant, nonirradiated tumor cell growth by leukocyte recruitment. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Tumors were implanted s.c. in the right or both flanks. After local irradiation at the right flank, ECI301, a human macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha variant was injected i.v. Tumor volumes were measured every 3 days after treatment. RESULTS In Colon26 adenocarcinoma-bearing BALB/c mice, repeated daily administration (over 3-5 consecutive days) of 2 mug per mouse ECI301 after local irradiation of 6 Gy prolonged survival without significant toxicity, and in about half of the treated mice, the tumor was completely eradicated. Three weekly administrations of ECI301 after local irradiation also led to significant, although less effective, antitumor radiation efficacy. ECI301 also inhibited growth of other syngenic tumor grafts, including MethA fibrosarcoma (BALB/c) and Lewis lung carcinoma (C57BL/6). Importantly, tumor growth at the nonirradiated site was inhibited, indicating that ECI301 potentiated the abscopal effect of radiation. This abscopal effect observed in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice was tumor-type independent. Leukocyte depletion studies suggest that CD8+ and CD4+ lymphocytes and NK1.1 cells were involved. CONCLUSIONS Marked inhibition of tumor growth at the irradiated site, with complete tumor eradication and consistent induction of the abscopal effect, was potentiated by i.v. administration of ECI301. The results of this study may offer a new concept for cancer therapy, namely chemokine administration after local irradiation, leading to development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of advanced metastatic cancer.
Collapse
|
46
|
Singh UP, Singh S, Singh R, Cong Y, Taub DD, Lillard JW. CXCL10-producing mucosal CD4+ T cells, NK cells, and NKT cells are associated with chronic colitis in IL-10(-/-) mice, which can be abrogated by anti-CXCL10 antibody inhibition. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2008; 28:31-43. [PMID: 18370870 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2007.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have shown previously that there is a temporal increase in the levels of CXCL10 and CXCR3 mRNA during spontaneous murine colitis. We now show that CXCL10 is significantly expressed by mucosal CD4+ T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and NKT cells, but not by dendritic cells (DCs), during chronic murine colitis. CXCL10 blockade alleviated chronic colitis and attenuated the associated increase in serum amyloid A (SAA), interleukin-12 (IL-12)p40, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-1 alpha, and IL-1 beta levels as well as in the number of CD4+ T, NKT, and NK cells that express CXCL10 and CXCR3, compared with groups treated with control antibody (Ab). After CXCL10 blockade, the number of CXCR3+ DCs in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and Peyer's patches (PPs) were increased to levels found before the onset of colitis. In contrast, the numbers of splenic and intestinal lamina propria (LP) CXCR3+ DCs were reduced after anti-CXCL10 Ab treatment, compared with controls. Ex vivo antigen and CXCL10 stimulation of mucosal cells caused an increase in MHC class II, CD40, and CD86 as well as a decrease in CD30 ligand (CD30L) expression by DCs. This study provides insights into CXCL10 expression during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the cellular and molecular mechanisms of CXCL10-mediated colitis. Our data also support the premise that CXCL10 blockade can attenuate chronic colitis by preventing the activation and recruitment of CXCR3+ leukocytes during IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Udai P Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sundaresan NR, Saxena VK, Sastry KVH, Nagarajan K, Jain P, Singh R, Anish D, Ravindra PV, Saxena M, Ahmed KA. Cytokines and chemokines in postovulatory follicle regression of domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 32:253-64. [PMID: 17692913 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2007.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2006] [Revised: 05/30/2007] [Accepted: 05/30/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of postovulatory follicle (POF) regression in birds is still poorly understood. In the current study, expression of IL-1beta, IL-6, GM-CSF, IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-13, chCXCLi2, chCCLi2, chCCLi4, chCCLi7, IL-10 and TGF-beta2 mRNAs was estimated in regressing POF by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. In addition, the changes in immune cell population, histological and apoptotic changes were also studied in regressing POF. The expression of cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-beta2) and chemokines (chCXCLi2, chCCLi2, chCCLi4 and chCCLi7) was upregulated in POFs, suggesting a role for these molecules in tissue regression. The histological findings suggested a significant infiltration of immune cells, especially heterophils, lymphocytes and macrophages, into the regressing POF. The flow cytometry analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations revealed that CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+) and Bu-1(+) lymphocytes were significantly increased during this regression. The significant up-regulation of chemokines might have attracted the immune cells during POF regression. The percentage of apoptotic cells was significantly increased during the regression of POF. The up-regulation of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-beta2 and down-regulation of GM-CSF might have induced apoptosis during the POF regression. However, expression of IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-13 was not significantly altered during POF regression. In conclusion, cytokines appear to play an important role in the regression of POF in chicken. Furthermore, the regression of chicken POF seems to be an inflammatory event similar to luteolysis of the mammalian corpus luteum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N R Sundaresan
- Disease Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122, Bareilly, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sundaresan NR, Anish D, Saxena VK, Sastry KVH, Jain P, Singh R, Saxena M, Ahmed KA. Spatial expression of chemokines and cytokines mRNA in the largest preovulatory follicle of chicken. Vet Res Commun 2007; 32:419-26. [PMID: 17992579 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-007-9025-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2007] [Accepted: 10/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present experiment, we studied the spatial expression profiles of chemokines and cytokines mRNA in the granulosa (F1Gr) and theca (F1Th) layers of the largest preovulatory follicle in chicken using semi-quantitative PCR. The mRNAs of IL-1beta, IL-6, GM-CSF, chCXCLi2, chCCLi2, chCCLi4, chCCLi7, IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-13, IL-10 and TGF-beta2 were expressed in the granulosa (F1Gr) and theca (F1Th) layers of the largest preovulatory follicle. However, the transcripts of IL-2 were not detected in any of the samples tested. Significantly higher levels of IL-6 and GM-CSF mRNA expression were noticed in F1Gr when compared to F1Th layer. Expression of chCXCLi2, a CXC chemokine, was almost similar in F1Gr and F1Th layers. However, the expression of CCL chemokines i.e. chCCLi2, chCCLi4, chCCLi7 mRNAs were almost 2 folds higher in F1Th layer in comparison to F1Gr layer. The expression of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) mRNA was noticed in F1Gr and F1Th layers with higher levels in the former. Expression of IFN-gamma mRNA was noticed in F1Gr and F1Th layers. Significantly higher level of TGF-beta2 expression was observed in F1Th in comparison to F1Gr layer. It was concluded from the present study that the mRNA expression of cytokines and chemokines are differentially regulated in the granulosa and theca layers of the largest preovulatory follicle in chicken.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N R Sundaresan
- Disease Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 Bareilly, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
CCL3L1 and CCR5 influence cell-mediated immunity and affect HIV-AIDS pathogenesis via viral entry-independent mechanisms. Nat Immunol 2007; 8:1324-36. [PMID: 17952079 DOI: 10.1038/ni1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Accepted: 09/14/2007] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Although host defense against human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) relies mainly on cell-mediated immunity (CMI), the determinants of CMI in humans are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that variations in the genes encoding the chemokine CCL3L1 and HIV coreceptor CCR5 influence CMI in both healthy and HIV-infected individuals. CCL3L1-CCR5 genotypes associated with altered CMI in healthy subjects were similar to those that influence the risk of HIV transmission, viral burden and disease progression. However, CCL3L1-CCR5 genotypes also modify HIV clinical course independently of their effects on viral load and CMI. These results identify CCL3L1 and CCR5 as major determinants of CMI and demonstrate that these host factors influence HIV pathogenesis through their effects on both CMI and other viral entry-independent mechanisms.
Collapse
|
50
|
Mummidi S, Adams LM, VanCompernolle SE, Kalkonde M, Camargo JF, Kulkarni H, Bellinger AS, Bonello G, Tagoh H, Ahuja SS, Unutmaz D, Ahuja SK. Production of specific mRNA transcripts, usage of an alternate promoter, and octamer-binding transcription factors influence the surface expression levels of the HIV coreceptor CCR5 on primary T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 178:5668-81. [PMID: 17442950 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.9.5668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Surface levels of CCR5 on memory CD4(+) T cells influence HIV-1/AIDS susceptibility. Alternative promoter usage results in the generation of CCR5 mRNA isoforms that differ based on whether they contain or lack the untranslated exon 1. The impact of exon 1-containing transcripts on CCR5 surface expression is unknown. In this study, we show that the increased cell surface expression of CCR5 on primary T cells is associated with selective enrichment of exon 1-containing transcripts. The promoter that drives exon 1-containing transcripts is highly active in primary human T cells but not in transformed T cell lines. The transcription factors Oct-1 and -2 inhibit and enhance, respectively, the expression of exon 1-containing transcripts and CCR5 surface levels. However, polymorphisms at homologous octamer-binding sites in the CCR5 promoter of nonhuman primates abrogate the binding of these transcription factors. These results identify exon 1-containing transcripts, and the cis-trans factors that regulate the expression levels of these mRNA isoforms as key parameters that affect CCR5 surface expression levels, and by extension, susceptibility to HIV/AIDS among humans, and possibly, the observed interspecies differences in susceptibility to lentiviral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Mummidi
- Veterans Administration Center for AIDS and HIV Infection, South Texas Veterans Healthcare System and Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|