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Weiß J, Heib M, Korn T, Hoyer J, Fuchslocher Chico J, Voigt S, Koudelka T, Tholey A, Adam D. Protease-independent control of parthanatos by HtrA2/Omi. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:258. [PMID: 37594630 PMCID: PMC10439076 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04904-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
HtrA2/Omi is a mitochondrial serine protease with ascribed pro-apoptotic as well as pro-necroptotic functions. Here, we establish that HtrA2/Omi also controls parthanatos, a third modality of regulated cell death. Deletion of HtrA2/Omi protects cells from parthanatos while reconstitution with the protease restores the parthanatic death response. The effects of HtrA2/Omi on parthanatos are specific and cannot be recapitulated by manipulating other mitochondrial proteases such as PARL, LONP1 or PMPCA. HtrA2/Omi controls parthanatos in a manner mechanistically distinct from its action in apoptosis or necroptosis, i.e., not by cleaving cytosolic IAP proteins but rather exerting its effects without exiting mitochondria, and downstream of PARP-1, the first component of the parthanatic signaling cascade. Also, previously identified or candidate substrates of HtrA2/Omi such as PDXDC1, VPS4B or moesin are not cleaved and dispensable for parthanatos, whereas DBC-1 and stathmin are cleaved, and thus represent potential parthanatic downstream mediators of HtrA2/Omi. Moreover, mass-spectrometric screening for novel parthanatic substrates of HtrA2/Omi revealed that the induction of parthanatos does not cause a substantial proteolytic cleavage or major alterations in the abundance of mitochondrial proteins. Resolving these findings, reconstitution of HtrA2/Omi-deficient cells with a catalytically inactive HtrA2/Omi mutant restored their sensitivity against parthanatos to the same level as the protease-active HtrA2/Omi protein. Additionally, an inhibitor of HtrA2/Omi's protease activity did not confer protection against parthanatic cell death. Our results demonstrate that HtrA2/Omi controls parthanatos in a protease-independent manner, likely via novel, unanticipated functions as a scaffolding protein and an interaction with so far unknown mitochondrial proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Weiß
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michelle Heib
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thiemo Korn
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Justus Hoyer
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Johaiber Fuchslocher Chico
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Susann Voigt
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tomas Koudelka
- Institut für Experimentelle Medizin, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Niemannsweg 11, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Tholey
- Institut für Experimentelle Medizin, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Niemannsweg 11, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Adam
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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Heib M, Weiß J, Saggau C, Hoyer J, Fuchslocher Chico J, Voigt S, Adam D. Ars moriendi: Proteases as sculptors of cellular suicide. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119191. [PMID: 34973300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Ars moriendi, which translates to "The Art of Dying," encompasses two Latin texts that gave advice on how to die well and without fear according to the Christian precepts of the late Middle Ages. Given that ten to hundred billion cells die in our bodies every day, it is obvious that the concept of a well and orderly ("regulated") death is also paramount at the cellular level. In apoptosis, as the most well-studied form of regulated cell death, proteases of the caspase family are the central mediators. However, caspases are not the only proteases that act as sculptors of cellular suicide, and therefore, we here provide an overview of the impact of proteases in apoptosis and other forms of regulated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Heib
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jonas Weiß
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Carina Saggau
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Justus Hoyer
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Susann Voigt
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Adam
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
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Chen L, Dai L, Yan D, Zhou B, Zheng W, Yin J, Zhou T, Liu Z, Deng J, Wang R, Ding X, Chen J. Gleevec and Rapamycin Synergistically Reduce Cell Viability and Inhibit Proliferation and Angiogenic Function of Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells. J Vasc Res 2021; 58:330-342. [PMID: 34247157 DOI: 10.1159/000515816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates the synergistic effects of Gleevec (imatinib) and rapamycin on the proliferative and angiogenic properties of mouse bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS EPCs were isolated from mouse bone marrow and treated with different concentrations of Gleevec or rapamycin individually or in combination. The cell viability and proliferation were examined using the MTT assay. An analysis of cell cycle and apoptosis was performed using flow cytometry. Formation of capillary-like tubes was examined in vitro, and the protein expression of cell differentiation markers was determined using Western blot analysis. RESULTS Gleevec significantly reduced cell viability, cell proliferation, and induced cell apoptosis in EPCs. Rapamycin had similar effects on EPCs, but it did not induce cell apoptosis. The combination of Gleevec and rapamycin reduced the cell proliferation but increased cell apoptosis. Although rapamycin had no demonstratable effect on tube formation, the combined therapy of Gleevec and rapamycin significantly reduced tube formation when compared with Gleevec alone. Mechanistically, Gleevec, but not rapamycin, induced a significant elevation in caspase-3 activity in EPCs, and it attenuated the expression of the endothelial protein marker platelet-derived growth factor receptor α. Functionally, rapamycin, but not Gleevec, significantly enhanced the expression of endothelial differentiation marker proteins, while attenuating the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling-related proteins. CONCLUSIONS Gleevec and rapamycin synergistically suppress cell proliferation and tube formation of EPCs by inducing cell apoptosis and endothelial differentiation. Mechanistically, it is likely that rapamycin enhances the proapoptotic and antiangiogenic effects of Gleevec by promoting the endothelial differentiation of EPCs. Given that EPCs are involved in the pathogenesis of some cardiovascular diseases and critical to angiogenesis, pharmacological inhibition of EPC proliferation by combined Gleevec and rapamycin therapy may be a promising approach for suppressing cardiovascular disease pathologies associated with angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Luping Dai
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dewen Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Boya Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia Yin
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zehua Liu
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianxin Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rehua Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Ding
- Nursing Department, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junhui Chen
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
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Luttman JH, Colemon A, Mayro B, Pendergast AM. Role of the ABL tyrosine kinases in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the metastatic cascade. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:59. [PMID: 34022881 PMCID: PMC8140471 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00739-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ABL kinases, ABL1 and ABL2, promote tumor progression and metastasis in various solid tumors. Recent reports have shown that ABL kinases have increased expression and/or activity in solid tumors and that ABL inactivation impairs metastasis. The therapeutic effects of ABL inactivation are due in part to ABL-dependent regulation of diverse cellular processes related to the epithelial to mesenchymal transition and subsequent steps in the metastatic cascade. ABL kinases target multiple signaling pathways required for promoting one or more steps in the metastatic cascade. These findings highlight the potential utility of specific ABL kinase inhibitors as a novel treatment paradigm for patients with advanced metastatic disease. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Hattaway Luttman
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, 308 Research Drive, C-233A LSRC Bldg., P.O. Box 3813, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Ashley Colemon
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, 308 Research Drive, C-233A LSRC Bldg., P.O. Box 3813, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Benjamin Mayro
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, 308 Research Drive, C-233A LSRC Bldg., P.O. Box 3813, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Ann Marie Pendergast
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, 308 Research Drive, C-233A LSRC Bldg., P.O. Box 3813, Durham, NC 27710 USA
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Liang Y, Nandakumar KS, Cheng K. Design and pharmaceutical applications of proteolysis-targeting chimeric molecules. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Üner G, Tag Ö, Erzurumlu Y, Kirmizibayrak PB, Bedir E. Identification of a Noncanonical Necrotic Cell Death Triggered via Enhanced Proteolysis by a Novel Sapogenol Derivative. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2880-2891. [PMID: 33136369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Small molecules which activate distinct cell death pathways have promising high potential for anticancer drug research. Especially, regulated necrosis draws attention as an alternative cell death mechanism to overcome the drug resistance. Here, we report that a new semisynthetic saponin analogue (AG-08) triggers necrotic cell death with unprecedented pathways. AG-08-mediated necrosis depends on enhanced global proteolysis involving calpains, cathepsins, and caspases. Moreover, AG-08 generates several alterations in lysosomal function and physiology including membrane permeabilization, redistribution toward the perinuclear area, and lastly excessive tubulation. As a consequence of lysosomal impairment, the autophagic process was abolished via AG-08 treatment. Collectively, in addition to its ability to induce necrotic cell death, which makes AG-08 a promising candidate to cope with drug resistance, its unique activity mechanisms including autophagy/lysosome impairment and enhancement of proteolysis leading a strong death capacity emphasizes its potential for anticancer drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Göklem Üner
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Urla-İzmir, Turkey
| | - Özgür Tag
- Bionorm Natural Products Production & Marketing Corporation, ITOB, 35477 Menderes-İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yalçın Erzurumlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100 Bornova-İzmir, Turkey
| | | | - Erdal Bedir
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Urla-İzmir, Turkey
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Imatinib exhibit synergistic pleiotropy in the prevention of colorectal cancer by suppressing proinflammatory, cell survival and angiogenic signaling. Cell Signal 2020; 76:109803. [PMID: 33022360 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent global incidences and mortality rates have placed colorectal cancer (CRC) at third and second positions, respectively, among both sexes of all ages. Resistance during chemotherapy is a big problem in the treatment and disease-free survival of CRC patients. Discovery of new anticancer drug(s) is a time taking process and therefore, invites studies for repurposing the known therapeutics. The present study was conceived to analyze the anticancer role of Imatinib in experimental CRC at early stages. Different experimental procedures e.g. tumor incidences or histoarchitectural changes, gene and protein expression analysis, estimations of intracellular calcium, ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential, apoptotic index and molecular docking was performed to support the hypothesis. It was observed that Imatinib could function as an immunomodulator by breaking the feed-back loop between the proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) and transcription factors (NF-κB, Jak3/Stat3) knowingly involved in increased cell proliferation during tumorigenesis via activating different intracellular signaling. Also, Imatinib could independently deregulate the other cell survival and proliferation signaling e.g. PI3-K/Akt/mTOR, Wnt/β-catenin and MAPK. Proinflammatory cytokines orchestrated intracellular signaling also involve angiogenic factors to be upregulated during CRC which were also seemed to be independently suppressed by Imatinib. Restoration of physiological apoptosis by increasing the release of intracellular calcium to generate ROS thereby reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential for the release of cytochrome c and activation of caspase-3 was also reported with Imatinib administration. Thus, it may be suggested that Imatinib show synergistic pleiotropy in suppressing the interlinked tumorigenic signaling pathways independently.
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Imatinib modulates pro-inflammatory microenvironment with angiostatic effects in experimental lung carcinogenesis. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 28:231-252. [PMID: 31676982 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00656-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer has second highest rate of incidence and mortality around the world. Smoking cigarettes is the main stream cause of lung carcinogenesis along with other factors such as spontaneous mutations, inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. The present study was aimed to identify the mechanistic role of Imatinib in the chemoprevention of experimental lung carcinogenesis in rat model. Gross morphological observations for tumor formation, histological examinations, RT-PCR, Western blotting, fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular docking studies were performed to elucidate the chemopreventive effects of Imatinib and support our hypothesis by various experiments. It is evident that immuno-compromised microenvironment inside solid tumors is responsible for tumor progression and drug resistance. Therefore, it is inevitable to modulate the pro-inflammatory signaling inside solid tumors to restrict neoangiogenesis. In the present study, we observed that Imatinib could downregulate the inflammatory signaling and also attributed angiostatic effects. Moreover, Imatinib also altered the biophysical properties of BAL cells such as plasma membrane potential, fluidity and microviscosity to restrict their infiltration and thereby accumulation to mount immuno-compromised environment inside the solid tumors during angiogenesis. Our molecular docking studies suggest that immunomodulatory and angiostatic properties of Imatinib could be either independent of each other or just a case of synergistic pleiotropy. Imatinib was observed to activate the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis to achieve desired effects in cancer cell killings. Interestingly, binding of Imatinib inside the catalytic domain of PARP-1 also suggests that it has caspase-independent properties in promoting cancer cell deaths.
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Zhao Q, Ren C, Liu L, Chen J, Shao Y, Sun N, Sun R, Kong Y, Ding X, Zhang X, Xu Y, Yang B, Yin Q, Yang X, Jiang B. Discovery of SIAIS178 as an Effective BCR-ABL Degrader by Recruiting Von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) E3 Ubiquitin Ligase. J Med Chem 2019; 62:9281-9298. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quanju Zhao
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | | | - Linyi Liu
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | | | - Yubao Shao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Renhong Sun
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Biao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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A modified DAW-22 compound F-B1 inhibits Bcr/Abl and induces apoptosis in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Anticancer Drugs 2018; 30:159-166. [PMID: 30422832 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Bcr/Abl kinase is an oncogenic fusion protein that plays a central role in the pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Some small-molecule kinase inhibitors such as imatinib were developed in the treatment of CML; however, resistant to imatinib is an emerging problem of CML therapy. Hence, additional approaches or compounds targeting leukemogenic cells are required. F-B1 is a new compound obtained by modifying DAW-22, a natural sesquiterpenoid coumarin, which was isolated from traditional Chinese medicine Ferula ferulaeoides (Steud.) Korov. F-B1 was found to inhibit the growth of myelogenous leukemia cell lines, that is, K562 cells bearing wild-type Bcr/Abl and imatinib-resistant K562G cells. F-B1 potently down-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of Bcr/Abl, followed by suppression of the downstream molecules such as Akt, externally regulated kinases, and nuclear factor κB. In addition, F-B1 also induced cell apoptosis by impairing the balance between proapoptotic protein Bax and antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL and increased the activity of mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in nude mouse xenografts. Experimental validation results together demonstrated that F-B1 can inhibit Bcr/Abl fusion proteins in K562 and K562G cells, implying that F-B1 might be a promising drug to treat CML, especially the imatinib-resistant CML.
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Chandrasekharan A, Varadarajan SN, Lekshmi A, Lupitha SS, Darvin P, Chandrasekhar L, Pillai PR, Santhoshkumar TR, Pillai MR. A high-throughput real-time in vitro assay using mitochondrial targeted roGFP for screening of drugs targeting mitochondria. Redox Biol 2018; 20:379-389. [PMID: 30408753 PMCID: PMC6222140 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Most toxic compounds including cancer drugs target mitochondria culminating in its permeabilization. Cancer drug-screening and toxicological testing of compounds require cost-effective and sensitive high-throughput methods to detect mitochondrial damage. Real-time methods for detection of mitochondrial damage are less toxic, allow kinetic measurements with good spatial resolution and are preferred over end-stage assays. Cancer cell lines stably expressing genetically encoded mitochondrial-targeted redox-GFP2 (mt-roGFP) were developed and validated for its suitability as a mitochondrial damage sensor. Diverse imaging platforms and flow-cytometry were utilized for ratiometric analysis of redox changes with known toxic and cancer drugs. Key events of cell death and mitochondrial damage were studied at single-cell level coupled with mt-roGFP. Cells stably expressing mt-roGFP and H2B-mCherry were developed for high-throughput screening (HTS) application. Most cancer drugs while inducing mitochondrial permeabilization trigger mitochondrial-oxidation that can be detected at single-cell level with mt-roGFP. The image-based assay using mt-roGFP outperformed other quantitative methods of apoptosis in ease of screening. Incorporation of H2B-mCherry ensures accurate and complete automated segmentation with excellent Z value. The results substantiate that most cancer drugs and known plant-derived antioxidants trigger cell-death through mitochondrial redox alterations with pronounced ratio change in the mt-roGFP probe. Real-time analysis of mitochondrial oxidation and mitochondrial permeabilization reveal a biphasic ratio change in dying cells, with an initial redox surge before mitochondrial permeabilization followed by a drastic increase in ratio after complete mitochondrial permeabilization. Overall, the results prove that mitochondrial oxidation is a reliable indicator of mitochondrial damage, which can be readily determined in live cells using mt-roGFP employing diverse imaging techniques. The assay described is highly sensitive, easy to adapt to HTS platforms and is a valuable resource for identifying cytotoxic agents that target mitochondria and also for dissecting cell signaling events relevant to redox biology. Mitochondrial oxidation is an universal marker for mitochondrial damage and mitochondrial permeabilization. Ratiometric imaging of mt-roGFP in high-throughput mode allows rapid screening of compounds that target mitochondria. Real-time ratiometric imaging of mt-roGFP and mitochondrial permeabilization reveals a biphasic redox alteration in cells undergoing mitochondrial permeabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Chandrasekharan
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Shankara Narayanan Varadarajan
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Asha Lekshmi
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Santhik Subhasingh Lupitha
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Pramod Darvin
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Leena Chandrasekhar
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Prakash Rajappan Pillai
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - T R Santhoshkumar
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India.
| | - M Radhakrishna Pillai
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
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Fuchslocher Chico J, Saggau C, Adam D. Proteolytic control of regulated necrosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:2147-2161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Jetly S, Verma N, Naidu K, Faiq MA, Seth T, Saluja D. Alterations in the Reactive Oxygen Species in Peripheral Blood of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia Patients from Northern India. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:XC01-XC05. [PMID: 28969255 PMCID: PMC5620896 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/28565.10425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a significant difference in the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML) patients before and during treatment with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs). This is because high ROS levels support oncogenic phenotype of CML by inducing proliferation pathway and accumulation of further genetic mutations. Often the measurement is done on WBC or serum for ascertaining one type of ROS species, but measurement of global ROS in fresh whole blood will give more accurate estimation of ROS. AIM To measure global ROS in peripheral blood of CML patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A case control study was undertaken to measure ROS in peripheral blood of CML patients from Northern India. CML patients on TKIs (n=40 on imatinib herein called treated) and untreated (n=17, who were not on any TKIs or alternative medicine, called as treatment naive) and 52 healthy controls were also enrolled. Chemiluminescent assay was carried out using luminol as signal enhancer in 400 µl of blood to measure ROS. The chemiluminescence was measured as Relative Light Units (RLU)/sec/104 WBC. Data was presented in terms of mean±SE or geometric mean (95% Confidence Interval) for continuous variables and percentage for categorical variables. Groups were compared using two sample t-test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables. RESULTS The WBC profile and ROS levels of patients taking TKIs were quite similar and showed no significant difference (p<0.999) compared to healthy controls. In contrast, significant increase was observed in the ROS levels of CML patients not on TKIs (untreated) compared to patients under treatment (p<0.029) and healthy controls (p<0.007). We also observed that the absolute ROS values and WBC counts were higher in untreated patients compared to patients on TKIs and healthy controls, even though mean ROS value was less. CONCLUSION To ascertain the alterations in ROS levels of CML patients before and during treatment with TKIs, it is better to measure global ROS in fresh whole blood by chemiluminescent method using luminol. Luminol assay is a quick, easy and inexpensive method to measure global ROS. Patient under treatment with TKIs show significant decrease in ROS levels almost similar to the levels measured in healthy controls yet the mechanisms by which this decrease occurs needs to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Jetly
- Associate Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Neha Verma
- Project Fellow, Department of Biotechnology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Kumar Naidu
- Statistician, Clinical Research and Development Department, IPCA Laboratories Ltd, Mumbai, India
| | - Muneeb Ahmad Faiq
- Research Fellow, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tulika Seth
- Professor, Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Daman Saluja
- Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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14
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Zurawa-Janicka D, Wenta T, Jarzab M, Skorko-Glonek J, Glaza P, Gieldon A, Ciarkowski J, Lipinska B. Structural insights into the activation mechanisms of human HtrA serine proteases. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 621:6-23. [PMID: 28396256 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human HtrA1-4 proteins belong to the HtrA family of evolutionarily conserved serine proteases and function as important modulators of many physiological processes, including maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis, cell signaling and apoptosis. Disturbances in their action are linked to severe diseases, including oncogenesis and neurodegeneration. The HtrA1-4 proteins share structural and functional features of other members of the HtrA protein family, however there are several significant differences in structural architecture and mechanisms of action which makes each of them unique. Our goal is to present recent studies regarding human HtrAs. We focus on their physiological functions, structure and regulation, and describe current models of activation mechanisms. Knowledge of molecular basis of the human HtrAs' action is a subject of great interest; it is crucial for understanding their relevance in cellular physiology and pathogenesis as well as for using them as targets in future therapies of diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Zurawa-Janicka
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Wenta
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Jarzab
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna Skorko-Glonek
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Glaza
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Artur Gieldon
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jerzy Ciarkowski
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Barbara Lipinska
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
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15
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D'Errico G, Machado HL, Sainz B. A current perspective on cancer immune therapy: step-by-step approach to constructing the magic bullet. Clin Transl Med 2017; 6:3. [PMID: 28050779 PMCID: PMC5209322 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-016-0130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is the new trend in cancer treatment due to the selectivity, long lasting effects, and demonstrated improved overall survival and tolerance, when compared to patients treated with conventional chemotherapy. Despite these positive results, immunotherapy is still far from becoming the perfect magic bullet to fight cancer, largely due to the facts that immunotherapy is not effective in all patients nor in all cancer types. How and when will immunotherapy overcome these hurdles? In this review we take a step back to walk side by side with the pioneers of immunotherapy in order to understand what steps need to be taken today to make immunotherapy effective across all cancers. While early scientists, such as Coley, elicited an unselective but effective response against cancer, the search for selectivity pushed immunotherapy to the side in favor of drugs focused on targeting cancer cells. Fortunately, the modern era would revive the importance of the immune system in battling cancer by releasing the brakes or checkpoints (anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1/PD-L1) that have been holding the immune system at bay. However, there are still many hurdles to overcome before immunotherapy becomes a universal cancer therapy. For example, we discuss how the redundant and complex nature of the immune system can impede tumor elimination by teeter tottering between different polarization states: one eliciting anti-cancer effects while the other promoting cancer growth and invasion. In addition, we highlight the incapacity of the immune system to choose between a fight or repair action with respect to tumor growth. Finally we combine these concepts to present a new way to think about the immune system and immune tolerance, by introducing two new metaphors, the “push the accelerator” and “repair the car” metaphors, to explain the current limitations associated with cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele D'Errico
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Autónoma University of Madrid, Calle del Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Heather L Machado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, #8543, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Bruno Sainz
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Autónoma University of Madrid, Calle del Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain. .,Enfermedades Crónicas y Cáncer Area, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Morita M, Nishinaka Y, Kato I, Saida S, Hiramatsu H, Kamikubo Y, Heike T, Nakahata T, Adachi S. Dasatinib induces autophagy in mice with Bcr-Abl-positive leukemia. Int J Hematol 2016; 105:335-340. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-2137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Differences and Similarities in TRAIL- and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Mediated Necroptotic Signaling in Cancer Cells. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:2626-44. [PMID: 27528614 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00941-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a type of regulated necrosis (RN) called necroptosis was identified to be involved in many pathophysiological processes and emerged as an alternative method to eliminate cancer cells. However, only a few studies have elucidated components of TRAIL-mediated necroptosis useful for anticancer therapy. Therefore, we have compared this type of cell death to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated necroptosis and found similar signaling through acid and neutral sphingomyelinases, the mitochondrial serine protease HtrA2/Omi, Atg5, and vacuolar H(+)-ATPase. Notably, executive mechanisms of both TRAIL- and TNF-mediated necroptosis are independent of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1), and depletion of p38α increases the levels of both types of cell death. Moreover, we found differences in signaling between TNF- and TRAIL-mediated necroptosis, e.g., a lack of involvement of ubiquitin carboxyl hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) and Atg16L1 in executive mechanisms of TRAIL-mediated necroptosis. Furthermore, we discovered indications of an altered involvement of mitochondrial components, since overexpression of the mitochondrial protein Bcl-2 protected Jurkat cells from TRAIL- and TNF-mediated necroptosis, and overexpression of Bcl-XL diminished only TRAIL-induced necroptosis in Colo357 cells. Furthermore, TRAIL does not require receptor internalization and endosome-lysosome acidification to mediate necroptosis. Taken together, pathways described for TRAIL-mediated necroptosis and differences from those for TNF-mediated necroptosis might be unique targets to increase or modify necroptotic signaling and eliminate tumor cells more specifically in future anticancer approaches.
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18
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Philipp S, Sosna J, Adam D. Cancer and necroptosis: friend or foe? Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2183-93. [PMID: 27048810 PMCID: PMC11108265 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2193-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Regulated cell death is one major factor to ensure homoeostasis in multicellular organisms. For decades, apoptosis was considered as the sole form of regulated cell death, whereas necrosis was believed to be accidental and unregulated. Due to this view, research on necrosis was somewhat neglected, especially in the field of anti-cancer treatment. However, new interest in necrosis has been sparked by the recent discovery of different forms of necrosis that show indeed regulated pathways. More and more studies now address the molecular pathways of regulated necrosis and its connections within the cellular signaling networks. Necroptosis, a subform of regulated necrosis, has so far hardly been focused on with regard to a future treatment of cancer patients and may emerge as a novel and effective approach to eliminate tumor cells. However, and similar to apoptosis, tumor cells can develop resistances against necroptosis to ensure their own survival. In this context, new molecules that enhance necroptosis are currently being identified to overcome such resistances. This review discusses cancer and necroptosis as friends or foes, i.e. the options to exploit necroptosis in anti-cancer therapies ("foes"), but also potential limitations that may block or actually cause necroptosis to act in a protumoral manner ("friends"). The balance between these two possible roles will determine whether necroptosis can indeed be used as a promising tool for early diagnosis of tumors, prevention of metastasis and anti-cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Philipp
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Michaelisstraße 5, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Justyna Sosna
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Michaelisstraße 5, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Adam
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Michaelisstraße 5, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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20
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Lai AC, Toure M, Hellerschmied D, Salami J, Jaime-Figueroa S, Ko E, Hines J, Crews CM. Modulares PROTAC-Design zum Abbau von onkogenem BCR-ABL. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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21
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Lai AC, Toure M, Hellerschmied D, Salami J, Jaime-Figueroa S, Ko E, Hines J, Crews CM. Modular PROTAC Design for the Degradation of Oncogenic BCR-ABL. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:807-10. [PMID: 26593377 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 419] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Proteolysis Targeting Chimera (PROTAC) technology is a rapidly emerging alternative therapeutic strategy with the potential to address many of the challenges currently faced in modern drug development programs. PROTAC technology employs small molecules that recruit target proteins for ubiquitination and removal by the proteasome. The synthesis of PROTAC compounds that mediate the degradation of c-ABL and BCR-ABL by recruiting either Cereblon or Von Hippel Lindau E3 ligases is reported. During the course of their development, we discovered that the capacity of a PROTAC to induce degradation involves more than just target binding: the identity of the inhibitor warhead and the recruited E3 ligase largely determine the degradation profiles of the compounds; thus, as a starting point for PROTAC development, both the target ligand and the recruited E3 ligase should be varied to rapidly generate a PROTAC with the desired degradation profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashton C Lai
- Departments of Chemistry; Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology; Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511 (USA)
| | - Momar Toure
- Departments of Chemistry; Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology; Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511 (USA)
| | - Doris Hellerschmied
- Departments of Chemistry; Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology; Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511 (USA)
| | - Jemilat Salami
- Departments of Chemistry; Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology; Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511 (USA)
| | - Saul Jaime-Figueroa
- Departments of Chemistry; Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology; Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511 (USA)
| | - Eunhwa Ko
- Departments of Chemistry; Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology; Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511 (USA)
| | - John Hines
- Departments of Chemistry; Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology; Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511 (USA)
| | - Craig M Crews
- Departments of Chemistry; Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology; Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511 (USA).
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22
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Hirsch GE, Parisi MM, Martins LAM, Andrade CMB, Barbé-Tuana FM, Guma FTCR. γ-Oryzanol reduces caveolin-1 and PCGEM1 expression, markers of aggressiveness in prostate cancer cell lines. Prostate 2015; 75:783-97. [PMID: 25619388 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is a leading cause of death among men due to the limited number of treatment strategies available for advanced disease. γ-oryzanol is a component of rice bran, rich in phytosterols, known for its antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic and endocrinological effects. It is known that γ-oryzanol may affect prostate cancer cells through the down regulation of the antioxidant genes and that phytosterols have anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects. There are evidences showing that some of the components of γ-oryzanol can modulate genes involved in the development and progression of prostate cancer, as caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and prostate specific androgen-regulated gene (PCGEM1). METHODS To determine the effects of γ-oryzanol on prostate cancer cell survival we evaluated the cell viability and biomass by MTT and sulforhodamine B assays, respectively. Cell death, cell cycle and pERK1/2 activity were assessed by flow cytometry. The changes in gene expression involved in the survival and progression of prostate cancer cav-1 and PCGEM1 genes were evaluated by quantitative real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and cav-1 protein by immunofluorescence followed by confocal microscopy analysis. RESULTS We found that γ-oryzanol decreases cell viability and culture biomass by apoptosis and/or necrosis death in androgen unresponsive (PC3 and DU145) and responsive (LNCaP) cell lines, and signals through pERK1/2 in LNCaP and DU145 cells. γ-oryzanol also appears to block cell cycle progression at the G2/M in PC3 and LNCaP cells and at G0/G1 in DU145 cells. These effects were accompanied by a down regulation in the expression of the cav-1 in both androgen unresponsive cell lines and PCGEM1 gene in DU145 and LNCaP cells. CONCLUSION In summary, we used biochemical and genetics approaches to demonstrate that γ-oryzanol show a promising adjuvant role in the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela E Hirsch
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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Bandyopadhyay D, Sanchez JL, Guerrero AM, Chang FM, Granados JC, Short JD, Banik BK. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pyrenyl derivatives as anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 89:851-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Mao G, Lv L, Liu Y, Chen B, Li M, Ni T, Yang D, Zhu H, Xue Q, Ni R. The expression levels and prognostic value of high temperature required A2 (HtrA2) in NSCLC. Pathol Res Pract 2014; 210:939-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2014.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Galluzzi L, Bravo-San Pedro JM, Vitale I, Aaronson SA, Abrams JM, Adam D, Alnemri ES, Altucci L, Andrews D, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Baehrecke EH, Bazan NG, Bertrand MJ, Bianchi K, Blagosklonny MV, Blomgren K, Borner C, Bredesen DE, Brenner C, Campanella M, Candi E, Cecconi F, Chan FK, Chandel NS, Cheng EH, Chipuk JE, Cidlowski JA, Ciechanover A, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, De Laurenzi V, De Maria R, Debatin KM, Di Daniele N, Dixit VM, Dynlacht BD, El-Deiry WS, Fimia GM, Flavell RA, Fulda S, Garrido C, Gougeon ML, Green DR, Gronemeyer H, Hajnoczky G, Hardwick JM, Hengartner MO, Ichijo H, Joseph B, Jost PJ, Kaufmann T, Kepp O, Klionsky DJ, Knight RA, Kumar S, Lemasters JJ, Levine B, Linkermann A, Lipton SA, Lockshin RA, López-Otín C, Lugli E, Madeo F, Malorni W, Marine JC, Martin SJ, Martinou JC, Medema JP, Meier P, Melino S, Mizushima N, Moll U, Muñoz-Pinedo C, Nuñez G, Oberst A, Panaretakis T, Penninger JM, Peter ME, Piacentini M, Pinton P, Prehn JH, Puthalakath H, Rabinovich GA, Ravichandran KS, Rizzuto R, Rodrigues CM, Rubinsztein DC, Rudel T, Shi Y, Simon HU, Stockwell BR, Szabadkai G, Tait SW, Tang HL, Tavernarakis N, Tsujimoto Y, Vanden Berghe T, Vandenabeele P, Villunger A, Wagner EF, Walczak H, White E, Wood WG, Yuan J, Zakeri Z, Zhivotovsky B, Melino G, Kroemer G. Essential versus accessory aspects of cell death: recommendations of the NCCD 2015. Cell Death Differ 2014; 22:58-73. [PMID: 25236395 PMCID: PMC4262782 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 668] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells exposed to extreme physicochemical or mechanical stimuli die in an uncontrollable manner, as a result of their immediate structural breakdown. Such an unavoidable variant of cellular demise is generally referred to as ‘accidental cell death' (ACD). In most settings, however, cell death is initiated by a genetically encoded apparatus, correlating with the fact that its course can be altered by pharmacologic or genetic interventions. ‘Regulated cell death' (RCD) can occur as part of physiologic programs or can be activated once adaptive responses to perturbations of the extracellular or intracellular microenvironment fail. The biochemical phenomena that accompany RCD may be harnessed to classify it into a few subtypes, which often (but not always) exhibit stereotyped morphologic features. Nonetheless, efficiently inhibiting the processes that are commonly thought to cause RCD, such as the activation of executioner caspases in the course of apoptosis, does not exert true cytoprotective effects in the mammalian system, but simply alters the kinetics of cellular demise as it shifts its morphologic and biochemical correlates. Conversely, bona fide cytoprotection can be achieved by inhibiting the transduction of lethal signals in the early phases of the process, when adaptive responses are still operational. Thus, the mechanisms that truly execute RCD may be less understood, less inhibitable and perhaps more homogeneous than previously thought. Here, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death formulates a set of recommendations to help scientists and researchers to discriminate between essential and accessory aspects of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Galluzzi
- 1] Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France [2] Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France [3] Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - J M Bravo-San Pedro
- 1] Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France [2] Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France [3] INSERM, U1138, Gustave Roussy, Paris, France
| | - I Vitale
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - S A Aaronson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - J M Abrams
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - D Adam
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - E S Alnemri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - L Altucci
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - D Andrews
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata - Istituto Ricovero Cura Carattere Scientifico (IDI-IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - E H Baehrecke
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - N G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - M J Bertrand
- 1] VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium [2] Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - K Bianchi
- 1] Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Centre of Excellence, London, UK [2] Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK
| | - M V Blagosklonny
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - K Blomgren
- Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Borner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - D E Bredesen
- 1] Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA [2] Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C Brenner
- 1] INSERM, UMRS769, Châtenay Malabry, France [2] LabEx LERMIT, Châtenay Malabry, France [3] Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, Orsay, France
| | - M Campanella
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences and Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - E Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - F Cecconi
- 1] Laboratory of Molecular Neuroembryology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy [2] Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome, Italy [3] Unit of Cell Stress and Survival, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F K Chan
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - N S Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - E H Cheng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY, USA
| | - J E Chipuk
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - J A Cidlowski
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institute of Health (NIH), North Carolina, NC, USA
| | - A Ciechanover
- Tumor and Vascular Biology Research Center, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - T M Dawson
- 1] Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering (ICE), Departments of Neurology, Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA [2] Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - V L Dawson
- 1] Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering (ICE), Departments of Neurology, Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA [2] Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - V De Laurenzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Gabriele d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - R De Maria
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - K-M Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - N Di Daniele
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - V M Dixit
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - B D Dynlacht
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Institute, Smilow Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - W S El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - G M Fimia
- 1] Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy [2] Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, Istituto Ricovero Cura Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - R A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - S Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C Garrido
- 1] INSERM, U866, Dijon, France [2] Faculty of Medicine, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - M-L Gougeon
- Antiviral Immunity, Biotherapy and Vaccine Unit, Infection and Epidemiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - D R Green
- Department of Immunology, St Jude's Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - H Gronemeyer
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
| | - G Hajnoczky
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J M Hardwick
- W Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M O Hengartner
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H Ichijo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - B Joseph
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P J Jost
- Medical Department for Hematology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - T Kaufmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - O Kepp
- 1] Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France [2] INSERM, U1138, Gustave Roussy, Paris, France [3] Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - D J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - R A Knight
- 1] Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London (UCL), London, UK [2] Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Leicester, UK
| | - S Kumar
- 1] Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia [2] School of Medicine and School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - J J Lemasters
- Departments of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - B Levine
- 1] Center for Autophagy Research, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - A Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - S A Lipton
- 1] The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA [2] Sanford-Burnham Center for Neuroscience, Aging, and Stem Cell Research, La Jolla, CA, USA [3] Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA [4] University of California, San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, USA
| | - R A Lockshin
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - C López-Otín
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medecine, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - E Lugli
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - F Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - W Malorni
- 1] Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanita (ISS), Roma, Italy [2] San Raffaele Institute, Sulmona, Italy
| | - J-C Marine
- 1] Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium [2] Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center of Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S J Martin
- Department of Genetics, The Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J-C Martinou
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J P Medema
- Laboratory for Experiments Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Meier
- Institute of Cancer Research, The Breakthrough Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
| | - S Melino
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - N Mizushima
- Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - U Moll
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - C Muñoz-Pinedo
- Cell Death Regulation Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Nuñez
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - A Oberst
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - T Panaretakis
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - M E Peter
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Piacentini
- 1] Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome, Italy [2] Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, Istituto Ricovero Cura Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - P Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - J H Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland
| | - H Puthalakath
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - G A Rabinovich
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - K S Ravichandran
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - R Rizzuto
- Department Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - C M Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - D C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - T Rudel
- Department of Microbiology, University of Würzburg; Würzburg, Germany
| | - Y Shi
- Soochow Institute for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - H-U Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - B R Stockwell
- 1] Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Chevy Chase, MD, USA [2] Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - G Szabadkai
- 1] Department Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy [2] Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - S W Tait
- 1] Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK [2] Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - H L Tang
- W Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - N Tavernarakis
- 1] Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece [2] Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Y Tsujimoto
- Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Vanden Berghe
- 1] VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium [2] Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Vandenabeele
- 1] VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium [2] Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium [3] Methusalem Program, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Villunger
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - E F Wagner
- Cancer Cell Biology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - H Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - E White
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - W G Wood
- 1] Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA [2] Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - J Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Z Zakeri
- 1] Department of Biology, Queens College, Queens, NY, USA [2] Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY), Queens, NY, USA
| | - B Zhivotovsky
- 1] Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden [2] Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - G Melino
- 1] Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy [2] Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Leicester, UK
| | - G Kroemer
- 1] Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France [2] Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France [3] INSERM, U1138, Gustave Roussy, Paris, France [4] Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France [5] Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
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Cho YS, Park SY. Harnessing of Programmed Necrosis for Fighting against Cancers. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2014; 22:167-75. [PMID: 25009696 PMCID: PMC4060077 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2014.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy has long been considered as one of useful strategies for cancer treatment. It is primarily based on the apoptosis that can selectively kill cancer cells. However, cancer cells can progressively develop an acquired resistance to apoptotic cell death, rendering refractory to chemo- and radiotherapies. Although the mechanism by which cells attained resistance to drug remains to be clarified, it might be caused by either pumping out of them or interfering with apoptotic signal cascades in response to cancer drugs. In case that cancer cells are defective in some part of apoptotic machinery by repeated exposure to anticancer drugs, alternative cell death mechanistically distinct from apoptosis could be adopted to remove cancer cells refractory to apoptosis-inducing agents. This review will mainly deal with harnessing of necrotic cell death, specifically, programmed necrosis and practical uses. Here, we begin with various defects of apoptotic death machinery in cancer cells, and then provide new perspective on programmed necrosis as an alternative anticancer approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sik Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, Republic of Korea
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Shiloach T, Berens C, Danke C, Waiskopf O, Perlman R, Ben-Yehuda D. tLivin displays flexibility by promoting alternative cell death mechanisms. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101075. [PMID: 24960127 PMCID: PMC4069184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Livin is a member of the Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) protein family that inhibits apoptosis triggered by a variety of stimuli. We previously demonstrated that while Livin inhibits caspase activity, caspases can cleave Livin to produce a truncated protein, tLivin and that this newly formed tLivin paradoxically induces cell death. However to date, the mechanism of tLivin-induced cell death is not fully understood. In this study, we set out to characterize the form of cell death mediated by tLivin. Here we demonstrate that, unlike most death-promoting proteins, tLivin is a flexible inducer of cell death capable of promoting necrosis or apoptosis in different cell lines. The unusual flexibility of tLivin is displayed by its ability to activate an alternative form of cell death when apoptosis is inhibited. Thus, tLivin can promote more than one form of cell death in the same cell type. Interestingly, in cells where tLivin induces necrosis, deletion of the caspase binding BIR domain results in tLivin-induced apoptosis, suggesting the BIR domain can potentially hamper the ability of tLivin to induce apoptosis. We further elucidate that tLivin activates the JNK pathway and both tLivin-induced apoptosis and necrosis are partially mediated by JNK activity. Acquired resistance to apoptosis, common in many tumors, impinges on the efficiency of conventional anti-cancer agents that function primarily by inducing apoptosis. The ability of tLivin to induce death of apoptosis-compromised cells makes it an attractive candidate for targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Shiloach
- Division of Hematology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Christian Berens
- Department of Biology/Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitaet Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Danke
- Department of Biology/Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitaet Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ortal Waiskopf
- Division of Hematology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Riki Perlman
- Division of Hematology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dina Ben-Yehuda
- Division of Hematology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Lin W, Tongyi S. Role of Bax/Bcl-2 family members in green tea polyphenol induced necroptosis of p53-deficient Hep3B cells. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:8065-75. [PMID: 24839007 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea polyphenol (GTP) is one of the most promising chemopreventive agent for cancer; it can inhibit cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis through p53-dependent cell signaling pathways. Unfortunately, many tumor cells lack the functional p53, and little is known about the effect of GTP on the p53-deficient/mutant cancer cells. To understand the p53-independent mechanisms in GTP-treated p53-dificient/mutant cancer cells, we have now examined GTP-induced cytotoxicity in human hepatoma Hep3B cells (p53-deficient). The results showed that GTP could induce Bax and Bak activation, cytochrome c release, caspase activation, and necroptosis of Hep3B cells. Bax and Bak, two key molecules of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), were interdependently activated by GTP, with translocation and homo-oligomerization on the mitochondria. Bax and Bak induce cytochrome c release. Importantly, cytochrome c release and necroptosis were diminished in Hep3B cells (Bax(-/-)) and Hep3B cells (Bak(-/-)). Furthermore, overexpression of Bcl-2 could ameliorate GTP-induced cytochrome c release and necroptosis. Together, the findings suggested that GTP-induced necroptosis was modulated by the p53-independent pathway, which was related to the translocation of Bax and Bak to mitochondria, release of cytochrome c, and activation of caspases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Lin
- School of Pharmacy and Bioscience, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261000, Shandong Province, China,
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Zhang F, Yu T, Yi CL, Sun XF. Radiation-inducible HtrA2 gene enhances radiosensitivity of uveal melanoma OCM-1 cellsin vitroandin vivo. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2014; 42:761-8. [PMID: 24606398 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Tian Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Cheng-la Yi
- Department of Traumatic Surgery; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Xu-fang Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
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Antioxidant Capacity, Cytotoxicity, and Acute Oral Toxicity of Gynura bicolor. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:958407. [PMID: 24369485 PMCID: PMC3867921 DOI: 10.1155/2013/958407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gynura bicolor (Compositae) which is widely used by the locals as natural remedies in folk medicine has limited scientific studies to ensure its efficacy and nontoxicity. The current study reports the total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, cytotoxicity, and acute oral toxicity of crude methanol and its fractionated extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate, and water) of G. bicolor leaves. Five human colon cancer cell lines (HT-29, HCT-15, SW480, Caco-2, and HCT 116), one human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF7), and one human normal colon cell line (CCD-18Co) were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of G. bicolor. The present findings had clearly demonstrated that ethyl acetate extract of G. bicolor with the highest total phenolic content among the extracts showed the strongest antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenging assay and metal chelating assay), possessed cytotoxicity, and induced apoptotic and necrotic cell death, especially towards the HCT 116 and HCT-15 colon cancer cells. The acute oral toxicity study indicated that methanol extract of G. bicolor has negligible level of toxicity when administered orally and has been regarded as safe in experimental rats. The findings of the current study clearly established the chemoprevention potential of G. bicolor and thus provide scientific validation on the therapeutic claims of G. bicolor.
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Sosna J, Voigt S, Mathieu S, Kabelitz D, Trad A, Janssen O, Meyer-Schwesinger C, Schütze S, Adam D. The proteases HtrA2/Omi and UCH-L1 regulate TNF-induced necroptosis. Cell Commun Signal 2013; 11:76. [PMID: 24090154 PMCID: PMC3850939 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-11-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In apoptosis, proteolysis by caspases is the primary mechanism for both initiation and execution of programmed cell death (PCD). In contrast, the impact of proteolysis on the regulation and execution of caspase-independent forms of PCD (programmed necrosis, necroptosis) is only marginally understood. Likewise, the identity of the involved proteases has remained largely obscure. Here, we have investigated the impact of proteases in TNF-induced necroptosis. Results The serine protease inhibitor TPKC protected from TNF-induced necroptosis in multiple murine and human cells systems whereas inhibitors of metalloproteinases or calpain/cysteine and cathepsin proteases had no effect. A screen for proteins labeled by a fluorescent TPCK derivative in necroptotic cells identified HtrA2/Omi (a serine protease previously implicated in PCD) as a promising candidate. Demonstrating its functional impact, pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of HtrA2/Omi protected from TNF-induced necroptosis. Unlike in apoptosis, HtrA2/Omi did not cleave another protease, ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase (UCH-L1) during TNF-induced necroptosis, but rather induced monoubiquitination indicative for UCH-L1 activation. Correspondingly, pharmacologic or RNA interference-mediated inhibition of UCH-L1 protected from TNF-induced necroptosis. We found that UCH-L1 is a mediator of caspase-independent, non-apoptotic cell death also in diseased kidney podocytes by measuring cleavage of the protein PARP-1, caspase activity, cell death and cell morphology. Indicating a role of TNF in this process, podocytes with stably downregulated UCH-L1 proved resistant to TNF-induced necroptosis. Conclusions The proteases HtrA2/Omi and UCH-L1 represent two key components of TNF-induced necroptosis, validating the relevance of proteolysis not only for apoptosis, but also for caspase-independent PCD. Since UCH-L1 clearly contributes to the non-apoptotic death of podocytes, interference with the necroptotic properties of HtrA2/Omi and UCH-L1 may prove beneficial for the treatment of patients, e.g. in kidney failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Sosna
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr, 5, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
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Pruefer FG, Lizarraga F, Maldonado V, Melendez-Zajgla J. Participation of Omi Htra2 Serine-Protease Activity in the Apoptosis Induced by Cisplatin on SW480 Colon Cancer Cells. J Chemother 2013; 20:348-54. [DOI: 10.1179/joc.2008.20.3.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Zeng X, Li X, Xue X, Shi ZM, Feng P, Wang P, Wang XJ. Activation of apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma by the Chinese traditional medicine Hu Qisan. Exp Ther Med 2012; 5:695-700. [PMID: 23408474 PMCID: PMC3570238 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of Hu Qisan (HQS) on apoptosis in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a Solt-Farber two-step test model of precancerous liver lesions was established in rats using a previously described method. HQS (4 and 8 g/kg body weight/day) was administered for 4 weeks, after the majority of the liver was removed. HepG2 cells were used to detect the HtrA serine peptidase 2 (HtrA2/Omi) release from mitochondria and caspase-3 activation promoted by HQS. Exposure of the rats to DEN for 6 weeks induced hepatic carcinogenesis. HQS (4 and 8 g/kg body weight/day) markedly induced cell apoptosis. The protective effects against hepatic carcinogenesis were mediated by multiple mechanisms, including the reduction of DEN-induced γ-GT-positive cell proliferation, mitochondrial morphological changes, HtrA2/Omi release from mitochondria and the activation of caspase-3. In conclusion, HQS is a potential anti-carcinogenic agent that may induce apoptosis by reducing the inhibitory effects of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) on caspase-3. Thus, HQS should be further explored as a potentially promising new therapeutic agent against human hepatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Zeng
- Pathophysiological Department, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069
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Drullion C, Trégoat C, Lagarde V, Tan S, Gioia R, Priault M, Djavaheri-Mergny M, Brisson A, Auberger P, Mahon FX, Pasquet JM. Apoptosis and autophagy have opposite roles on imatinib-induced K562 leukemia cell senescence. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e373. [PMID: 22898871 PMCID: PMC3434662 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib, the anti-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor used as first-line therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), eliminates CML cells mainly by apoptosis and induces autophagy. Analysis of imatinib-treated K562 cells reveals a cell population with cell cycle arrest, p27 increase and senescence-associated beta galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining. Preventing apoptosis by caspase inhibition decreases annexin V-positive cells, caspase-3 cleavage and increases the SA-β-Gal-positive cell population. In addition, a concomitant increase of the cell cycle inhibitors p21 and p27 is detected emphasizing the senescent phenotype. Inhibition of apoptosis by targeting Bim expression or overexpression of Bcl2 potentiates senescence. The inhibition of autophagy by silencing the expression of the proteins ATG7 or Beclin-1 prevents the increase of SA-β-Gal staining in response to imatinib plus Z-Vad. In contrast, in apoptotic-deficient cells (Bim expression or overexpression of Bcl2), the inhibition of autophagy did not significantly modify the SA-β-Gal-positive cell population. Surprisingly, targeting autophagy by inhibiting ATG5 is accompanied by a strong SA-β-Gal staining, suggesting a specific inhibitory role on senescence. These results demonstrate that in addition to apoptosis and autophagy, imatinib induced senescence in K562 CML cells. Moreover, apoptosis is limiting the senescent response to imatinib, whereas autophagy seems to have an opposite role.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Drullion
- Laboratoire hématopoı¨èse leucémique et cibles thérapeutiques, INSERM U1035, Université Bordeaux Ségalen, 146 rue Léo Saignat Bat TP 4 étage, 33076 Bordeaux, cedex, France
| | - C Trégoat
- Laboratoire hématopoı¨èse leucémique et cibles thérapeutiques, INSERM U1035, Université Bordeaux Ségalen, 146 rue Léo Saignat Bat TP 4 étage, 33076 Bordeaux, cedex, France
| | - V Lagarde
- Laboratoire hématopoı¨èse leucémique et cibles thérapeutiques, INSERM U1035, Université Bordeaux Ségalen, 146 rue Léo Saignat Bat TP 4 étage, 33076 Bordeaux, cedex, France
| | - S Tan
- UMR-5248-CBMN, Université de Bordeaux, Bâtiment B8–Avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence, France
| | - R Gioia
- Laboratoire hématopoı¨èse leucémique et cibles thérapeutiques, INSERM U1035, Université Bordeaux Ségalen, 146 rue Léo Saignat Bat TP 4 étage, 33076 Bordeaux, cedex, France
| | - M Priault
- UMR CNRS 5095, I.B.G.C, 1 rue Camille Saint Saens, Université de Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - A Brisson
- UMR-5248-CBMN, Université de Bordeaux, Bâtiment B8–Avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence, France
| | - P Auberger
- INSERM U1065, Team 2, C3M, 151 route de ginestière, 06204 Nice, France
| | - F-X Mahon
- Laboratoire hématopoı¨èse leucémique et cibles thérapeutiques, INSERM U1035, Université Bordeaux Ségalen, 146 rue Léo Saignat Bat TP 4 étage, 33076 Bordeaux, cedex, France
| | - J-M Pasquet
- Laboratoire hématopoı¨èse leucémique et cibles thérapeutiques, INSERM U1035, Université Bordeaux Ségalen, 146 rue Léo Saignat Bat TP 4 étage, 33076 Bordeaux, cedex, France
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Kozako T, Aikawa A, Shoji T, Fujimoto T, Yoshimitsu M, Shirasawa S, Tanaka H, Honda SI, Shimeno H, Arima N, Soeda S. High expression of the longevity gene product SIRT1 and apoptosis induction by sirtinol in adult T-cell leukemia cells. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:2044-55. [PMID: 22322739 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) is an aggressive peripheral T-cell neoplasm that develops after long-term infection with human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-1). SIRT1, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(+)-dependent histone/protein deacetylase, plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, such as aging, metabolism, neurogenesis and apoptosis, owing to its ability to deacetylate numerous substrates, such as histone and NF-κB, which is implicated as an exacerbation factor in ATL. Here, we assessed how SIRT1 is regulated in primary ATL cells and leukemic cell lines. SIRT1 expression in ATL patients was significantly higher than that in healthy controls, especially in the acute type. Sirtinol, a SIRT1 inhibitor, induced significant growth inhibition or apoptosis in cells from ATL patients and leukemic cell lines, especially HTLV-1-related cell lines. Sirtinol-induced apoptosis was mediated by activation of the caspase family and degradation of SIRT1 in the nucleus. Furthermore, SIRT1 knockdown by SIRT1-specific small interfering RNA caused apoptosis via activation of caspase-3 and PARP in MT-2 cells, HTLV-1-related cell line. These results suggest that SIRT1 is a crucial antiapoptotic molecule in ATL cells and that SIRT1 inhibitors may be useful therapeutic agents for leukemia, especially in patients with ATL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kozako
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Mycophenolic Acid overcomes imatinib and nilotinib resistance of chronic myeloid leukemia cells by apoptosis or a senescent-like cell cycle arrest. LEUKEMIA RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2012; 2012:861301. [PMID: 23213550 PMCID: PMC3504262 DOI: 10.1155/2012/861301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We used K562 cells sensitive or generated resistant to imatinib or nilotinib to investigate their response to mycophenolic acid (MPA). MPA induced DNA damage leading to cell death with a minor contribution of apoptosis, as revealed by annexin V labeling (up to 25%). In contrast, cell cycle arrest and positive staining for senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity were detected for a large cell population (80%). MPA-induced cell death was potentialized by the inhibition of autophagy and this is associated to the upregulation of apoptosis. In contrast, senescence was neither decreased nor abrogated in autophagy deficient K562 cells. Primary CD34 cells from CML patients sensitive or resistant to imatinib or nilotinib respond to MPA although apoptosis is mainly detected. These results show that MPA is an interesting tool to overcome resistance in vitro and in vivo mainly in the evolved phase of the disease.
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Iwasaki R, Ito K, Ishida T, Hamanoue M, Adachi S, Watanabe T, Sato Y. Catechin, green tea component, causes caspase-independent necrosis-like cell death in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Cancer Sci 2011; 100:349-56. [PMID: 19200260 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2008.01046.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Management strategies of chronic phase chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) have been revolutionized due to the discovery of a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, imatinib (Gleevec, STI571), which is substantially improving median survival. However, emergence of imatinib-resistance has put up a serious problem that requires novel treatment methods. Catechins, polyphenolic compounds in green tea, are gathering much attention due to their potential antitumor effects. So far (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant component of catechin, has been shown to cause typical apoptosis in several tumor cell lines in most cases through activation of caspases. In this study, we showed that EGCG predominantly caused necrosis-like cell death via a caspase-independent mechanism in CML cells, K562 and C2F8, whereas imatinib induced the typical apoptotic cell death. Moreover, this caspase-independent cell death partially mediated the release of apoptosis-inducing factor, AIF, and serine protease, HtrA2/Omi, from the mitochondria to cytosol. In addition, EGCG enhanced the imatinib-induced cell death (P < 0.01) resulting in additive cell death in K562 cells and EGCG alone, effectively reduced the viability of imatinib-resistant K562 cells (P < 0.01). Catechin is a possible candidate for an antitumor agent that causes cell death in CML cells via a caspase-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reo Iwasaki
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shiroganedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Crowley LC, Elzinga BM, O'Sullivan GC, McKenna SL. Autophagy induction by Bcr-Abl-expressing cells facilitates their recovery from a targeted or nontargeted treatment. Am J Hematol 2011; 86:38-47. [PMID: 21132731 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.21914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although Imatinib has transformed the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), it is not curative due to the persistence of resistant cells that can regenerate the disease. We have examined how Bcr-Abl-expressing cells respond to two mechanistically different therapeutic agents, etoposide and Imatinib. We also examined Bcr-Abl expression at low and high levels as elevated expression has been associated with treatment failure. Cells expressing low levels of Bcr-Abl undergo apoptosis in response to the DNA-targeting agent (etoposide), whereas high-Bcr-Abl-expressing cells primarily induce autophagy. Autophagic populations engage a delayed nonapoptotic death; however, sufficient cells evade this and repopulate following the withdrawal of the drug. Non-Bcr-Abl-expressing 32D or Ba/F3 cells induce both apoptosis and autophagy in response to etoposide and can recover. Imatinib treatment induces both apoptosis and autophagy in all Bcr-Abl-expressing cells and populations rapidly recover. Inhibition of autophagy with ATG7 and Beclin1 siRNA significantly reduced the recovery of Imatinib-treated K562 cells, indicating the importance of autophagy for the recovery of treated cells. Combination regimes incorporating agents that disrupt Imatinib-induced autophagy would remain primarily targeted and may improve response to the treatment in CML.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autophagy/drug effects
- Autophagy/genetics
- Benzamides
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA Damage
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Etoposide/pharmacology
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/biosynthesis
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Mice
- Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- RNA, Small Interfering/administration & dosage
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Crowley
- Leslie C. Quick Laboratory, Cork Cancer Research Centre, BioSciences Institute, University College Cork and Mercy University Hospital, Grenville Place, Cork, Ireland
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Takeuchi M, Ashihara E, Yamazaki Y, Kimura S, Nakagawa Y, Tanaka R, Yao H, Nagao R, Hayashi Y, Hirai H, Maekawa T. Rakicidin A effectively induces apoptosis in hypoxia adapted Bcr-Abl positive leukemic cells. Cancer Sci 2010; 102:591-6. [PMID: 21166958 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01813.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment with Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) drastically improves the prognosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients. However, quiescent CML cells are insensitive to TKI and can lead to relapse of the disease. Thus, research is needed to elucidate the properties of these quiescent CML cells, including their microenvironment, in order to effectively target them. Hypoxia is known to be a common feature of solid tumors that contributes to therapeutic resistance. Leukemic cells are also able to survive and proliferate in severely hypoxic environments. The hypoxic conditions in the bone marrow (BM) allow leukemic cells that reside there to become insensitive to cell death stimuli. To target leukemic cells in hypoxic conditions, we focused on the hypoxia-selective cytotoxin, Rakicidin A. A previous report showed that Rakicidin A, a natural product produced by the Micromonospora strain, induced hypoxia-selective cytotoxicity in solid tumors. Here, we describe Rakicidin A-induced cell death in hypoxia-adapted (HA)-CML cells with stem cell-like characteristics. Interestingly, apoptosis was induced via caspase-dependent and -independent pathways. In addition, treatment with Rakicidin A in combination with the TKI, imatinib, resulted in synergistic cytotoxicity against HA-CML cells. In conclusion, Rakicidin A is a promising compound for targeting TKI-resistant quiescent CML stem cells in the hypoxic BM environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Takeuchi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
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Zurawa-Janicka D, Skorko-Glonek J, Lipinska B. HtrA proteins as targets in therapy of cancer and other diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2010; 14:665-79. [PMID: 20469960 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2010.487867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD The HtrA family proteins are serine proteases that are involved in important physiological processes, including maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis, apoptosis and cell signaling. They are involved in the development and progression of several pathological processes such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and arthritic diseases. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW We present characteristics of the human HtrA1, HtrA2 and HtrA3 proteins, with the stress on their function in apoptosis and in the diseases. We describe regulation of the HtrAs' proteolytic activity, focusing on allosteric interactions of ligands/substrates with the PDZ domains, and make suggestions on how the HtrA proteolytic activity could be modified. Literature cited covers years 1996 - 2010. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN An overview of the HtrAs' function/regulation and involvement in diseases (cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, arthritis), and ideas how modulation of their proteolytic activity could be used in therapies. TAKE HOME MESSAGE HtrA2 is the best target for cancer drug development. An increase in the HtrAs' proteolytic activity could be beneficial in cancer treatment, by stimulation of apoptosis, anoikis or necrosis of cancer cells, or by modulation of the TGF-beta signaling cascade; modulation of HtrA activity could be helpful in therapy of neurodegenerative diseases and arthritis.
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Pradelli LA, Bénéteau M, Ricci JE. Mitochondrial control of caspase-dependent and -independent cell death. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:1589-97. [PMID: 20151314 PMCID: PMC11115767 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0285-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria control whether a cell lives or dies. The role mitochondria play in deciding the fate of a cell was first identified in the mid-1990s, because mitochondria-enriched fractions were found to be necessary for activation of death proteases, the caspases, in a cell-free model of apoptotic cell death. Mitochondrial involvement in apoptosis was subsequently shown to be regulated by Bcl-2, a protein that was known to contribute to cancer in specific circumstances. The important role of mitochondria in promoting caspase activation has therefore been a major focus of apoptosis research; however, it is also clear that mitochondria contribute to cell death by caspase-independent mechanisms. In this review, we will highlight recent findings and discuss the mechanism underlying the mitochondrial control of apoptosis and caspase-independent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine A. Pradelli
- Inserm, U895, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), équipe 3 AVENIR, 06204 Nice Cedex 3, France
- Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, 06107 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Marie Bénéteau
- Inserm, U895, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), équipe 3 AVENIR, 06204 Nice Cedex 3, France
- Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, 06107 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Jean-Ehrland Ricci
- Inserm, U895, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), équipe 3 AVENIR, 06204 Nice Cedex 3, France
- Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, 06107 Nice Cedex 2, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Département d’Anesthésie Réanimation, 06202 Nice Cedex 3, France
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Yang J, Takahashi Y, Cheng E, Liu J, Terranova PF, Zhao B, Thrasher JB, Wang HG, Li B. GSK-3beta promotes cell survival by modulating Bif-1-dependent autophagy and cell death. J Cell Sci 2010; 123:861-70. [PMID: 20159967 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.060475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3beta) is constantly active in cells and its activity increases after serum deprivation, indicating that GSK-3beta might play a major role in cell survival under serum starvation. In this study, we attempted to determine how GSK-3beta promotes cell survival after serum depletion. Under full culture conditions (10% FBS), GSK-3beta inhibition with chemical inhibitors or siRNAs failed to induce cell death in human prostate cancer cells. By contrast, under conditions of serum starvation, a profound necrotic cell death was observed as evidenced by cellular morphologic features and biochemical markers. Further analysis revealed that GSK-3beta-inhibition-induced cell death was in parallel with an extensive autophagic response. Interestingly, blocking the autophagic response switched GSK-3beta-inhibition-induced necrosis to apoptotic cell death. Finally, GSK-3beta inhibition resulted in a remarkable elevation of Bif-1 protein levels, and silencing Bif-1 expression abrogated GSK-3beta-inhibition-induced autophagic response and cell death. Taken together, our study suggests that GSK-3beta promotes cell survival by modulating Bif-1-dependent autophagic response and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Department of Urology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
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Cathepsin B release after imatinib-mediated lysosomal membrane permeabilization triggers BCR-ABL cleavage and elimination of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Leukemia 2009; 24:115-24. [PMID: 19924144 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2009.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib is the leading compound to treat patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) but the exact mechanism of its anti-leukemic effect is incompletely elucidated. Through inhibition of BCR-ABL, Imatinib blocks several downstream pathways and induces apoptosis of BCR-ABL positive cells. In this study, we analyzed further the mode of action of Imatinib in different appropriate cellular models of CML either sensitive or resistant to Imatinib and in CD34+ cells from CML patients. Pharmacological or short hairpin RNA-mediated inhibition of BCR-ABL triggers lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) that culminates in activation and redistribution of Cathepsin B (CB) into the cytoplasm of CML cells, in which it triggers directly BCR-ABL degradation. Pharmacological inhibition of CB by CA-074Me or small interfering RNA-mediated knock-down of CB partly protects K562 cells from Imatinib-induced cell death and CB overexpression sensitizes these cells to Imatinib killing. Strikingly, Imatinib-triggered LMP, CB activation and BCR-ABL cleavage in CD34+ cells from CML patients and inhibition of CB confers protection against cell death in clonogenic assays of CD34+ primary cells from CML patients. Hence, we describe an original pathway by which Imatinib participates to the elimination of CML cells through LMP and CB-mediated specific degradation of BCR-ABL.
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45
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Adachi S. [Apoptosis and autophagy in resistant leukemia and cancer]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2009; 134:184-91. [PMID: 19828921 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.134.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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46
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Sensitization of imatinib-resistant CML cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis is mediated through down-regulation of Bcr-Abl as well as c-FLIP. Biochem J 2009; 420:73-81. [PMID: 19203346 DOI: 10.1042/bj20082131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to imatinib is commonly associated with reactivation of Bcr-Abl signalling. However, Bcr-Abl-independent signalling pathways may be activated and contributed to imatinib resistance in some CML (chronic myelogenous leukaemia) patients. We had isolated three imatinib-resistant K562/R1, R2 and R3 variants with gradual loss of Bcr-Abl from K562 cells to develop effective therapeutic strategies for imatinib-resistant CML. Interestingly, we found that these cells became highly sensitive to TRAIL (tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing factor) in comparison with K562 cells showing high resistance to TRAIL. Treatment of K562/R3 cells with TRAIL resulted in activation of TRAIL receptor pathway by including caspase 8 activation, Bid cleavage, cytochrome c release and caspase 3 activation. These results were accompanied by down-regulation of c-FLIP {cellular FLICE [FADD (Fas-associated death domain)-like interleukin 1beta-converting enzyme]-inhibitory protein} in imatinib-resistant K562 variants compared with K562 cells. Overexpression of c-FLIP in K562/R3 cells acquired TRAIL resistance and conversely, c-FLIP-silenced K562 cells became sensitive to TRAIL. Moreover, Bcr-Abl-silenced K562 cells showed down-regulation of c-FLIP and the subsequent overcome of TRAIL resistance. Taken together, our results demonstrated for the first time that the loss of Bcr-Abl in imatinib-resistant cells led to the down-regulation of c-FLIP and subsequent increase of TRAIL sensitivity, suggesting that TRAIL could be an effective strategy for the treatment of imatinib-resistant CML with loss of Bcr-Abl.
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Lavallard VJ, Pradelli LA, Paul A, Bénéteau M, Jacquel A, Auberger P, Ricci JE. Modulation of caspase-independent cell death leads to resensitization of imatinib mesylate-resistant cells. Cancer Res 2009; 69:3013-20. [PMID: 19318579 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib mesylate is widely used for the treatment of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). This compound is very efficient in killing Bcr-Abl-positive cells in a caspase-dependent manner. Nevertheless, several lines of evidence indicated that caspase-mediated cell death (i.e., apoptosis) is not the only type of death induced by imatinib. The goal of our study was to evaluate the importance of the newly described caspase-independent cell death (CID) in Bcr-Abl-positive cells. We established in several CML cell lines that imatinib, in conjunction with apoptosis, also induced CID. CID was shown to be as efficient as apoptosis in preventing CML cell proliferation and survival. We next investigated the potential implication of a recently identified mechanism used by cancer cells to escape CID through overexpression of the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). We showed here, in several CML cell lines, that GAPDH overexpression was sufficient to induce protection from CID. Furthermore, imatinib-resistant Bcr-Abl-positive cell lines were found to spontaneously overexpress GAPDH. Finally, we showed that a GAPDH partial knockdown, using specific short hairpin RNAs, was sufficient to resensitize those resistant cells to imatinib-induced cell death. Taken together, our results indicate that CID is an important effector of imatinib-mediated cell death. We also established that GAPDH overexpression can be found in imatinib-resistant Bcr-Abl-positive cells and that its down-regulation can resensitize those resistant cells to imatinib-induced death. Therefore, drugs able to modulate GAPDH administered together with imatinib could find some therapeutic benefits in CML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa J Lavallard
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, U895, équipe 3 Avenir, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France
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Kravchenko-Balasha N, Mizrachy-Schwartz S, Klein S, Levitzki A. Shift from apoptotic to necrotic cell death during human papillomavirus-induced transformation of keratinocytes. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:11717-27. [PMID: 19221178 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m900217200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic transformation is a complex, multistep process, which goes through several stages before complete malignant transformation occurs. To identify early processes in carcinogenesis, we used an in vitro model, based on the initiating event in cervical cancer, papillomavirus transformation of keratinocytes. We compared gene expression in primary keratinocytes (K) and papillomavirus-transformed keratinocytes from early (E) and late (L) passages and from benzo[a]pyrene-treated L cells (BP). The transformed cells exhibit similar transcriptional changes to clinical cervical carcinoma. The number of transcripts expressed progressively decreased during the evolution from K to BP cells. Bioinformatic analysis, validated by detailed biochemical analysis, revealed substantial contraction of both pro- and antiapoptotic networks during transformation. Nonetheless, L and BP cells were not resistant to apoptotic stimuli. At doses of cisplatin that led to 30-60% apoptosis of K and E cells, transformed L and BP cells underwent 80% necrotic cell death, which became the default response to genotoxic stress. Moreover, appreciable necrotic fractions were observed in the cervical carcinoma cell line, HeLa, in response to comparable doses of cisplatin. The shrinkage of biochemical networks, including the apoptotic network, may allow a cancer cell to economize on energy usage to facilitate enhanced proliferation but leaves it vulnerable to stress. This study supports the hypothesis that the process of cancer transformation may be accompanied by a shift from apoptosis to necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataly Kravchenko-Balasha
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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Bright SA, Greene LM, Greene TF, Campiani G, Butini S, Brindisi M, Lawler M, Meegan MJ, Williams DC, Zisterer DM. The novel pyrrolo-1,5-benzoxazepine, PBOX-21, potentiates the apoptotic efficacy of STI571 (imatinib mesylate) in human chronic myeloid leukaemia cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 77:310-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Revised: 10/02/2008] [Accepted: 10/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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50
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Xuan Y, Hu X. Naturally-occurring shikonin analogues – A class of necroptotic inducers that circumvent cancer drug resistance. Cancer Lett 2009; 274:233-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2008] [Revised: 05/25/2008] [Accepted: 09/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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