1
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Liu Z, Yang C, Liu X, Xu X, Zhao X, Fu R. Therapeutic strategies to enhance immune response induced by multiple myeloma cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1169541. [PMID: 37275861 PMCID: PMC10232766 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1169541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM)as a haematological malignancy is still incurable. In addition to the presence of somatic genetic mutations in myeloma patients, the presence of immunosuppressive microenvironment greatly affects the outcome of treatment. Although the discovery of immunotherapy makes it possible to break the risk of high toxicity and side effects of traditional chemotherapeutic drugs, there are still obstacles of ineffective treatment or disease recurrence. In this review, we discuss therapeutic strategies to further enhance the specific anti-tumor immune response by activating the immunogenicity of MM cells themselves. New ideas for future myeloma therapeutic approaches are provided.
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2
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Duane C, O'Dwyer M, Glavey S. Adoptive Immunotherapy and High-Risk Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092633. [PMID: 37174099 PMCID: PMC10177276 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant improvements in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), it remains mostly incurable, highlighting a need for new therapeutic approaches. Patients with high-risk disease characteristics have a particularly poor prognosis and limited response to current frontline therapies. The recent development of immunotherapeutic strategies, particularly T cell-based agents have changed the treatment landscape for patients with relapsed and refractory disease. Adoptive cellular therapies include chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, which have emerged as a highly promising therapy, particularly for patients with refractory disease. Other adoptive cellular approaches currently in trials include T cell receptor-based therapy (TCR), and the expansion of CAR technology to natural killer (NK) cells. In this review we explore the emerging therapeutic field of adoptive cellular therapy for MM, with a particular focus on the clinical impact of these therapies for patients with high-risk myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Duane
- Department of Haematology, Beaumont Hospital, D09 V2N0 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael O'Dwyer
- Department of Haematology, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Siobhan Glavey
- Department of Haematology, Beaumont Hospital, D09 V2N0 Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Pathology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D09 V2N0 Dublin, Ireland
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3
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Lagreca I, Nasillo V, Barozzi P, Castelli I, Basso S, Castellano S, Paolini A, Maccaferri M, Colaci E, Vallerini D, Natali P, Debbia D, Pirotti T, Ottomano AM, Maffei R, Bettelli F, Giusti D, Messerotti A, Gilioli A, Pioli V, Leonardi G, Forghieri F, Bresciani P, Cuoghi A, Morselli M, Manfredini R, Longo G, Candoni A, Marasca R, Potenza L, Tagliafico E, Trenti T, Comoli P, Luppi M, Riva G. Prognostic Relevance of Multi-Antigenic Myeloma-Specific T-Cell Assay in Patients with Monoclonal Gammopathies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030972. [PMID: 36765928 PMCID: PMC9913154 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple Myeloma (MM) typically originates from underlying precursor conditions, known as Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) and Smoldering Multiple Myeloma (SMM). Validated risk factors, related to the main features of the clonal plasma cells, are employed in the current prognostic models to assess long-term probabilities of progression to MM. In addition, new prognostic immunologic parameters, measuring protective MM-specific T-cell responses, could help to identify patients with shorter time-to-progression. In this report, we described a novel Multi-antigenic Myeloma-specific (MaMs) T-cell assay, based on ELISpot technology, providing simultaneous evaluation of T-cell responses towards ten different MM-associated antigens. When performed during long-term follow-up (mean 28 months) of 33 patients with either MGUS or SMM, such deca-antigenic myeloma-specific immunoassay allowed to significantly distinguish between stable vs. progressive disease (p < 0.001), independently from the Mayo Clinic risk category. Here, we report the first clinical experience showing that a wide (multi-antigen), standardized (irrespective to patients' HLA), MM-specific T-cell assay may routinely be applied, as a promising prognostic tool, during the follow-up of MGUS/SMM patients. Larger studies are needed to improve the antigenic panel and further explore the prognostic value of MaMs test in the risk assessment of patients with monoclonal gammopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Lagreca
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nasillo
- Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, AUSL/AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Patrizia Barozzi
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Castelli
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Sabrina Basso
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Unit and Cell Factory, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Castellano
- Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, AUSL/AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Ambra Paolini
- Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, AUSL/AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Monica Maccaferri
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Colaci
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Daniela Vallerini
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Patrizia Natali
- Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, AUSL/AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Daria Debbia
- Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, AUSL/AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Pirotti
- Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, AUSL/AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Ottomano
- Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, AUSL/AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Rossana Maffei
- Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, AUSL/AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Bettelli
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Davide Giusti
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Messerotti
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Gilioli
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Valeria Pioli
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanna Leonardi
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Forghieri
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Bresciani
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Angela Cuoghi
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Monica Morselli
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Rossella Manfredini
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine “S. Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Longo
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Anna Candoni
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto Marasca
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Leonardo Potenza
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Enrico Tagliafico
- Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, AUSL/AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, AUSL/AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Patrizia Comoli
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Unit and Cell Factory, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Mario Luppi
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (G.R.); Tel.: +39-059-422-5570 (M.L.); +39-059-422-3025 (G.R.)
| | - Giovanni Riva
- Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, AUSL/AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (G.R.); Tel.: +39-059-422-5570 (M.L.); +39-059-422-3025 (G.R.)
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Qu C, Zhang H, Cao H, Tang L, Mo H, Liu F, Zhang L, Yi Z, Long L, Yan L, Wang Z, Zhang N, Luo P, Zhang J, Liu Z, Ye W, Liu Z, Cheng Q. Tumor buster - where will the CAR-T cell therapy 'missile' go? Mol Cancer 2022; 21:201. [PMID: 36261831 PMCID: PMC9580202 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01669-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell (CAR-T cell) therapy based on gene editing technology represents a significant breakthrough in personalized immunotherapy for human cancer. This strategy uses genetic modification to enable T cells to target tumor-specific antigens, attack specific cancer cells, and bypass tumor cell apoptosis avoidance mechanisms to some extent. This method has been extensively used to treat hematologic diseases, but the therapeutic effect in solid tumors is not ideal. Tumor antigen escape, treatment-related toxicity, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) limit their use of it. Target selection is the most critical aspect in determining the prognosis of patients receiving this treatment. This review provides a comprehensive summary of all therapeutic targets used in the clinic or shown promising potential. We summarize CAR-T cell therapies’ clinical trials, applications, research frontiers, and limitations in treating different cancers. We also explore coping strategies when encountering sub-optimal tumor-associated antigens (TAA) or TAA loss. Moreover, the importance of CAR-T cell therapy in cancer immunotherapy is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrun Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, The Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lanhua Tang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haoyang Mo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fangkun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liyang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenjie Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lifu Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Luzhe Yan
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,One-third Lab, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Weijie Ye
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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5
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CRISPR/Cas9-medaited knockout of endogenous T-cell receptor in Jurkat cells and generation of NY-ESO-1-specific T cells: An in vitro study. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109055. [PMID: 35853277 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of T-cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells has been successful in mediating favorable clinical outcomes. TCR-engineered T cells can be applied for targeting cancers whose associated antigens are intracellular and presented through major histocompatibility complexes (MHC). The mispairing of the exogenous TCR chains with the endogenous TCR chains leads to functionally impaired TCR-engineered T cells. The CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing system can be utilized for the knockout of the endogenous TCR in T cells before introducing the exogenous TCR chains. In this study, we used the lentiviral delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 for disrupting the expression of the endogenous TCR in the Jurkat cell line. Next, an exogenous TCR targeting human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*0201-restricted New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1) peptide was transduced into the TCR-knockout (KO) Jurkat cells. Further, we assessed lentiviral transduction efficacy using tetramer assay and evaluated the functionality of the NY-ESO-1-specific TCR-engineered T cells by quantifying the cell surface expression of CD69 upon co-cultivation with peptide-pulsed T2 cells. We successfully knocked out the endogenous TCR in ∼40% of the Jurkat cells. TCR-KO cells were selected and subjected to express NY-ESO-1-specific TCRs using lentiviral vectors. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed that up to 55% of the cells expressed the transgenic TCR on their surface. The functionality assay demonstrated that >90% of the engineered cells expressed CD69 when co-cultured with peptide-pulsed T2 cells. Conclusively, we developed a pipeline to engineer Jurkat cells using the state-of-the-art technique CRISPR/Cas9 and generated TCR-engineered cells that can become activated by a tumor-specific antigen.
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6
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Ohmine K, Uchibori R. Novel immunotherapies in multiple myeloma. Int J Hematol 2022; 115:799-810. [PMID: 35583724 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-022-03365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
For a substantial period, options for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) were limited; however, the advent of novel therapies into clinical practice in the 1990s resulted in dramatic changes in the prognosis of the disease. Subsequently, new proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulators with innovations in efficacy and toxicity were introduced; yet there remains a spectrum of patients with poor outcomes with current treatment strategies. One of the causes of disease progression in MM is the loss of the ability of the dysfunctional immune environment to control virulent cell clones. In recent years, therapies to overcome the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and activate the host immune system have shown promise in MM, especially in relapsed and refractory disease. Clinical use of this approach has been approved for several immunotherapies, and a number of studies are currently underway in clinical trials. This review outlines three of the newest and most promising approaches being investigated to enhance the immune system against MM: (1) overcoming immunosuppression with checkpoint inhibitors, (2) boosting immunity against tumors with vaccines, and (3) enhancing immune effectors with adoptive cell therapy. Information on the latest clinical trials in each class will be provided, and further developments will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Ohmine
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
- Division of Immuno-Gene and Cell Therapy (Takara Bio), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Uchibori
- Division of Immuno-Gene and Cell Therapy (Takara Bio), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
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7
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The Role of T Cell Immunity in Monoclonal Gammopathy and Multiple Myeloma: From Immunopathogenesis to Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095242. [PMID: 35563634 PMCID: PMC9104275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a malignant growth of clonal plasma cells, typically arising from asymptomatic precursor conditions, namely monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering MM (SMM). Profound immunological dysfunctions and cytokine deregulation are known to characterize the evolution of the disease, allowing immune escape and proliferation of neoplastic plasma cells. In the past decades, several studies have shown that the immune system can recognize MGUS and MM clonal cells, suggesting that anti-myeloma T cell immunity could be harnessed for therapeutic purposes. In line with this notion, chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy is emerging as a novel treatment in MM, especially in the relapsed/refractory disease setting. In this review, we focus on the pivotal contribution of T cell impairment in the immunopathogenesis of plasma cell dyscrasias and, in particular, in the disease progression from MGUS to SMM and MM, highlighting the potentials of T cell-based immunotherapeutic approaches in these settings.
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8
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Le Gall C, Cammarata A, de Haas L, Ramos-Tomillero I, Cuenca-Escalona J, Schouren K, Wijfjes Z, Becker AMD, Bödder J, Dölen Y, de Vries IJM, Figdor CG, Flórez-Grau G, Verdoes M. Efficient targeting of NY-ESO-1 tumor antigen to human cDC1s by lymphotactin results in cross-presentation and antigen-specific T cell expansion. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-004309. [PMID: 35428705 PMCID: PMC9014073 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s) are characterized by their ability to induce potent CD8+ T cell responses. In efforts to generate novel vaccination strategies, notably against cancer, human cDC1s emerge as an ideal target to deliver antigens. cDC1s uniquely express XCR1, a seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor. Due to its restricted expression and endocytic nature, XCR1 represents an attractive receptor to mediate antigen-delivery to human cDC1s. Methods To explore tumor antigen delivery to human cDC1s, we used an engineered version of XCR1-binding lymphotactin (XCL1), XCL1(CC3). Site-specific sortase-mediated transpeptidation was performed to conjugate XCL1(CC3) to an analog of the HLA-A*02:01 epitope of the cancer testis antigen New York Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma-1 (NY-ESO-1). While poor epitope solubility prevented isolation of stable XCL1-antigen conjugates, incorporation of a single polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain upstream of the epitope-containing peptide enabled generation of soluble XCL1(CC3)-antigen fusion constructs. Binding and chemotactic characteristics of the XCL1-antigen conjugate, as well as its ability to induce antigen-specific CD8+ T cell activation by cDC1s, was assessed. Results PEGylated XCL1(CC3)-antigen conjugates retained binding to XCR1, and induced cDC1 chemoattraction in vitro. The model epitope was efficiently cross-presented by human cDC1s to activate NY-ESO-1-specific CD8+ T cells. Importantly, vaccine activity was increased by targeting XCR1 at the surface of cDC1s. Conclusion Our results present a novel strategy for the generation of targeted vaccines fused to insoluble antigens. Moreover, our data emphasize the potential of targeting XCR1 at the surface of primary human cDC1s to induce potent CD8+ T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Le Gall
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboudumc Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Oncode Institute, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Cammarata
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboudumc Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas de Haas
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboudumc Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Iván Ramos-Tomillero
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboudumc Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Chemical Immunology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jorge Cuenca-Escalona
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboudumc Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kayleigh Schouren
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboudumc Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Zacharias Wijfjes
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboudumc Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Chemical Immunology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk M D Becker
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboudumc Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Bödder
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboudumc Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yusuf Dölen
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboudumc Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Oncode Institute, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I Jolanda M de Vries
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboudumc Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carl G Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboudumc Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Oncode Institute, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Georgina Flórez-Grau
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboudumc Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Verdoes
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboudumc Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Chemical Immunology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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9
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Multipeptide stimulated PBMCs generate T EM/T CM for adoptive cell therapy in multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2021; 12:2051-2067. [PMID: 34611479 PMCID: PMC8487724 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Myeloma (MM) patients suffer disease relapse due to the development of therapeutic resistance. Increasing evidence suggests that immunotherapeutic strategies can provide durable responses. Here we evaluate the possibility of adoptive cell transfer (ACT) by generating ex vivo T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from MM patients by employing our previously devised protocols. We designed peptides from antigens (Ags) including cancer testis antigens (CTAs) that are over expressed in MM. We exposed PBMCs from different healthy donors (HDs) to single peptides. We observed reproducible Ag-specific cluster of differentiation 4+ (CD4+) and CD8+ T cell responses on exposure of PBMCs to different single peptide sequences. These peptide sequences were used to compile four different peptide cocktails. Naïve T cells from PBMCs from MM patients or HDs recognized the cognate Ag in all four peptide cocktails, leading to generation of multiclonal Ag-specific CD4+ and CD8+ effector and central memory T (TEM and TCM, respectively) cells which produced interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), granzyme B and perforin on secondary restimulation. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that immune cells from MM patients are capable of switching metabolic programs to induce effector and memory responses. Multiple peptides and cocktails were identified that induce IFN-γ+, T1-type, metabolically active T cells, thereby paving the way for feasibility testing of ACT in phase I clinical trials.
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10
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Swan D, Routledge D, Harrison S. The evolving status of immunotherapies in multiple myeloma: the future role of bispecific antibodies. Br J Haematol 2021; 196:488-506. [PMID: 34472091 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Treatment outcomes in multiple myeloma (MM) have improved dramatically over the past 10 years. However, patients with high-risk disease such as those with Stage III disease by the Revised International Staging System, the presence of adverse cytogenetics, or who are refractory to proteosome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs and monoclonal antibodies may have dismal outcomes. These patients represent an urgent ongoing need in MM. One of the hallmarks of MM is immune dysfunction and a tumour-permissive immune microenvironment. Ameliorating the immune-paresis could lead to improved outcomes. The role of immunotherapies has been growing at an exponential pace with numerous agents under development in clinical trials. In the present review, we provide an overview of immunotherapies in MM, focussing on bispecific antibodies (BsAbs). We review efficacy outcomes from the published clinical trials and consider the important safety aspects of these therapies, in particular the risk of cytokine-release syndrome and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome, and how these compare with patients receiving chimeric antigen receptor T cells. We discuss the MM epitopes being targeted by BsAbs, either in clinical or preclinical stages, and we consider where these therapies might best fit within the future ever-changing paradigm of MM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Swan
- Department of Haematology, St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Routledge
- Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simon Harrison
- Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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11
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McCachren SS, Dhodapkar KM, Dhodapkar MV. Co-evolution of Immune Response in Multiple Myeloma: Implications for Immune Prevention. Front Immunol 2021; 12:632564. [PMID: 33717170 PMCID: PMC7952530 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.632564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), a malignant neoplasm of plasma cells that reside in the bone marrow (BM), is universally preceded by a precursor state termed monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Many individuals with MGUS never progress to MM or progress over many years. Therefore, MGUS provides a unique opportunity to surveil changes in the BM tumor microenvironment throughout disease progression. It is increasingly appreciated that MGUS cells carry many of the genetic changes found in MM. Prior studies have also shown that MGUS cells can be recognized by the immune system, leading to early changes in the BM immune environment compared to that of healthy individuals, including alterations in both innate and adaptive immunity. Progression to clinical MM is associated with attrition of T cells with stem memory-like features and instead accumulation of T cells with more terminally differentiated features. Recent clinical studies have suggested that early application of immune-modulatory drugs, which are known to activate both innate and adaptive immunity, can delay the progression to clinical MM. Understanding the biology of how the immune response and tumors coevolve over time is needed to develop novel immune-based approaches to achieve durable and effective prevention of clinical malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S. McCachren
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kavita M. Dhodapkar
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Madhav V. Dhodapkar
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, United States
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12
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Sponaas AM, Waage A, Vandsemb EN, Misund K, Børset M, Sundan A, Slørdahl TS, Standal T. Bystander Memory T Cells and IMiD/Checkpoint Therapy in Multiple Myeloma: A Dangerous Tango? Front Immunol 2021; 12:636375. [PMID: 33679794 PMCID: PMC7928324 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review article we discuss the role of the memory T cells in multiple myeloma (MM) and how they may influence immune responses in patients that received immunomodulating drugs and check point therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marit Sponaas
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Center for Myeloma Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Waage
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Center for Myeloma Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Hematology, St.Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Esten N Vandsemb
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Center for Myeloma Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristine Misund
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Center for Myeloma Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Magne Børset
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Center for Myeloma Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, St.Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Sundan
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Center for Myeloma Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tobias Schmidt Slørdahl
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Center for Myeloma Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Hematology, St.Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Therese Standal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Center for Myeloma Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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13
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Ding L, Hu Y, Huang H. Novel progresses of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in multiple myeloma. Stem Cell Investig 2021; 8:1. [PMID: 33575314 DOI: 10.21037/sci-2020-029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant proliferative disease of plasma cells, which leads to suppressed hematopoietic and osteolytic diseases. Despite the use of traditional chemotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and targeted drugs, MM still cannot be completely cured. In recent years, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have revolutionized immunotherapy and cancer treatment. The great success of CAR-T cells in leukemia and lymphoma has promoted its development in MM. The primary requisite for developing clinically effective CAR-T cells suitable for MM is to identify the appropriate targets. In early clinical trials, CAR-T cells targeting B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) have shown significant anti-MM activity. Currently popular targets in clinical research and preclinical research include CD138, CD38, CS1, CD19, κ light chain, CD56, CD44v6, Lewis Y, NY-ESO-1, CD229, etc. Common toxicities such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity also occur but controllable. MM cells are mainly localized in bone marrow, therefore, the bone marrow microenvironment has a significant effect on the therapeutic effect of CAR-T cells. Targeting both MM cells and the bone marrow microenvironment is currently the most promising treatment. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of CAR-T cell therapy in MM, as well as outline potential targets and methods that can overcome local immunosuppression and improve the efficacy of CAR-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Ding
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongxian Hu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Evaluation of Production Protocols for the Generation of NY-ESO-1-Specific T Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010152. [PMID: 33466646 PMCID: PMC7828728 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
NY-ESO-1-specific T cells have shown promising activity in the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma (STS). However, standardized protocols for their generation are limited. Particularly, cost-effectiveness considerations of cell production protocols are of importance for conducting clinical studies. In this study, two different NY-ESO-1-specific T cell production protocols were compared. Major differences between protocols 1 and 2 include culture medium, interleukin-2 and retronectin concentrations, T cell activation strategy, and the transduction process. NY-ESO-1-specific T cells generated according to the two protocols were investigated for differences in cell viability, transduction efficiency, T cell expansion, immunophenotype as well as functionality. NY-ESO-1-specific T cells showed similar viability and transduction efficiency between both protocols. Protocol 1 generated higher absolute numbers of NY-ESO-1-specific T cells. However, there was no difference in absolute numbers of NY-ESO-1-specific T cell subsets with less-differentiated phenotypes accounting for efficient in vivo expansion and engraftment. Furthermore, cells generated according to protocol 1 displayed higher capacity of TNF-α generation, but lower cytotoxic capacities. Overall, both protocols provided functional NY-ESO-1-specific T cells. However, compared to protocol 1, protocol 2 is advantageous in terms of cost-effectiveness. Cell production protocols should be designed diligently to achieve a cost-effective cellular product for further clinical evaluation.
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15
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Noh JY, Seo H, Lee J, Jung H. Immunotherapy in Hematologic Malignancies: Emerging Therapies and Novel Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8000. [PMID: 33121189 PMCID: PMC7663624 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is extensively investigated for almost all types of hematologic tumors, from preleukemic to relapse/refractory malignancies. Due to the emergence of technologies for target cell characterization, antibody design and manufacturing, as well as genome editing, immunotherapies including gene and cell therapies are becoming increasingly elaborate and diversified. Understanding the tumor immune microenvironment of the target disease is critical, as is reducing toxicity. Although there have been many successes and newly FDA-approved immunotherapies for hematologic malignancies, we have learned that insufficient efficacy due to disease relapse following treatment is one of the key obstacles for developing successful therapeutic regimens. Thus, combination therapies are also being explored. In this review, immunotherapies for each type of hematologic malignancy will be introduced, and novel targets that are under investigation will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yoon Noh
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Huiyun Seo
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 55 Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34126, Korea;
| | - Jungwoon Lee
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Haiyoung Jung
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 113 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
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16
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Manfredi F, Cianciotti BC, Potenza A, Tassi E, Noviello M, Biondi A, Ciceri F, Bonini C, Ruggiero E. TCR Redirected T Cells for Cancer Treatment: Achievements, Hurdles, and Goals. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1689. [PMID: 33013822 PMCID: PMC7494743 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) is a rapidly evolving therapeutic approach designed to harness T cell specificity and function to fight diseases. Based on the evidence that T lymphocytes can mediate a potent anti-tumor response, initially ACT solely relied on the isolation, in vitro expansion, and infusion of tumor-infiltrating or circulating tumor-specific T cells. Although effective in a subset of cases, in the first ACT clinical trials several patients experienced disease progression, in some cases after temporary disease control. This evidence prompted researchers to improve ACT products by taking advantage of the continuously evolving gene engineering field and by improving manufacturing protocols, to enable the generation of effective and long-term persisting tumor-specific T cell products. Despite recent advances, several challenges, including prioritization of antigen targets, identification, and optimization of tumor-specific T cell receptors, in the development of tools enabling T cells to counteract the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, still need to be faced. This review aims at summarizing the major achievements, hurdles and possible solutions designed to improve the ACT efficacy and safety profile in the context of liquid and solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Manfredi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Claudia Cianciotti
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Fondazione Centro San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Potenza
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Tassi
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Noviello
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Clinica Pediatrica Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Bonini
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Eliana Ruggiero
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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17
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Wang H, Huang W, Gao H, Liu TT. NY-ESO-1 Protein Vaccine Combining Alum, CpG ODN, and HH2 Complex Adjuvant Induces Protective and Therapeutic Anti-Tumor Responses in Murine Multiple Myeloma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:8069-8077. [PMID: 32884292 PMCID: PMC7431605 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s255713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background NY-ESO-1 is an ideal target for multiple myeloma immunotherapy. Alum, CpG ODN and HH2 complex is a safe and effective adjuvant for cancer vaccine. Methods We constructed NY-ESO-1 protein vaccine combined with alum, CpG ODN, and HH2 complex adjuvant to immunize the BALB/c mice inoculated with NS-1 murine multiple myeloma cells. Then, we determined the immunogenicity and anti-tumor effects in prophylactic and therapeutic models by analyzing the NY-ESO-1 antibody titer, evaluating IL4/INF-γ expression, and assessing cytotoxic T lymphocytes activities. The side-effects of vaccines were also evaluated. Results The group of NY-ESO-1 protein vaccine combining alum, CpG ODN, and HH2 complex adjuvant is more capable of stimulating both humoral and cellular tumor-specific immune responses to prolong the survival of the mice and inhibit tumor growth in prophylactic and therapeutic immunotherapy. The marked side-effects were not detected in immunized mice. Discussion The results suggest that alum, CpG ODN, and HH2 complex as a novel immune adjuvant combined cancer vaccine could improve the immunity efficiency in a murine multiple myeloma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Gao
- Department of Hematology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Ting Liu
- Department of Hematology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, West China Medical Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
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18
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Rodríguez-Lobato LG, Ganzetti M, Fernández de Larrea C, Hudecek M, Einsele H, Danhof S. CAR T-Cells in Multiple Myeloma: State of the Art and Future Directions. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1243. [PMID: 32850376 PMCID: PMC7399644 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent therapeutic advances, the prognosis of multiple myeloma (MM) patients remains poor. Thus, new strategies to improve outcomes are imperative. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has changed the treatment landscape of B-cell malignancies, providing a potentially curative option for patients who are refractory to standard treatment. Long-term remissions achieved in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma encouraged its further development in MM. B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-targeted CAR T-cells have established outstanding results in heavily pre-treated patients. However, several other antigens such as SLAMF7 and CD44v6 are currently under investigation with promising results. Idecabtagene vicleucel is expected to be approved soon for clinical use. Unfortunately, relapses after CAR T-cell infusion have been reported. Hence, understanding the underlying mechanisms of resistance is essential to promote prevention strategies and to enhance CAR T-cell efficacy. In this review we provide an update of the most recent clinical and pre-clinical data and we elucidate both, the potential and the challenges of CAR T-cell therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Gerardo Rodríguez-Lobato
- Division of Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Amyloidosis and Multiple Myeloma Unit, Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maya Ganzetti
- Division of Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Unit of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlos Fernández de Larrea
- Amyloidosis and Multiple Myeloma Unit, Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Hudecek
- Division of Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Division of Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sophia Danhof
- Division of Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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19
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A minority of T cells recognizing tumor-associated antigens presented in self-HLA can provoke antitumor reactivity. Blood 2020; 136:455-467. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019004443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are monomorphic self-antigens that are proposed as targets for immunotherapeutic approaches to treat malignancies. We investigated whether T cells with sufficient avidity to recognize naturally overexpressed self-antigens in the context of self-HLA can be found in the T-cell repertoire of healthy donors. Minor histocompatibility antigen (MiHA)-specific T cells were used as a model, as the influence of thymic selection on the T-cell repertoire directed against MiHA can be studied in both self (MiHApos donors) and non-self (MiHAneg donors) backgrounds. T-cell clones directed against the HLA*02:01-restricted MiHA HA-1H were isolated from HA-1Hneg/HLA-A*02:01pos and HA-1Hpos/HLA-A*02:01pos donors. Of the 16 unique HA-1H–specific T-cell clones, five T-cell clones derived from HA-1Hneg/HLA-A*02:01pos donors and one T-cell clone derived from an HA-1Hpos/HLA-A*02:01pos donor showed reactivity against HA-1Hpos target cells. In addition, in total, 663 T-cell clones (containing at least 91 unique clones expressing different T-cell receptors) directed against HLA*02:01-restricted peptides of TAA WT1-RMF, RHAMM-ILS, proteinase-3-VLQ, PRAME-VLD, and NY-eso-1-SLL were isolated from HLA-A*02:01pos donors. Only 3 PRAME-VLD–specific and one NY-eso-1-SLL–specific T-cell clone provoked interferon-γ production and/or cytolysis upon stimulation with HLA-A*02:01pos malignant cell lines (but not primary malignant samples) naturally overexpressing the TAA. These results show that self-HLA–restricted T cells specific for self-antigens such as MiHA in MiHApos donors and TAAs are present in peripheral blood of healthy individuals. However, clinical efficacy would require highly effective in vivo priming by peptide vaccination in the presence of proper adjuvants or in vitro expansion of the low numbers of self-antigen–specific T cells of sufficient avidity to recognize endogenously processed antigen.
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20
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Long-term safety and activity of NY-ESO-1 SPEAR T cells after autologous stem cell transplant for myeloma. Blood Adv 2020; 3:2022-2034. [PMID: 31289029 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study in patients with relapsed, refractory, or high-risk multiple myeloma (MM) evaluated the safety and activity of autologous T cells engineered to express an affinity-enhanced T-cell receptor (TCR) that recognizes a peptide shared by cancer antigens New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1 (NY-ESO-1) and L-antigen family member 1 (LAGE-1) and presented by HLA-A*02:01. T cells collected from 25 HLA-A*02:01-positive patients with MM expressing NY-ESO-1 and/or LAGE-1 were activated, transduced with self-inactivating lentiviral vector encoding the NY-ESO-1c259TCR, and expanded in culture. After myeloablation and autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT), all 25 patients received an infusion of up to 1 × 1010 NY-ESO-1 specific peptide enhanced affinity receptor (SPEAR) T cells. Objective response rate (International Myeloma Working Group consensus criteria) was 80% at day 42 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59-0.93), 76% at day 100 (95% CI, 0.55-0.91), and 44% at 1 year (95% CI, 0.24-0.65). At year 1, 13/25 patients were disease progression-free (52%); 11 were responders (1 stringent complete response, 1 complete response, 8 very good partial response, 1 partial response). Three patients remained disease progression-free at 38.6, 59.2, and 60.6 months post-NY-ESO-1 SPEAR T-cell infusion. Median progression-free survival was 13.5 months (range, 3.2-60.6 months); median overall survival was 35.1 months (range, 6.4-66.7 months). Infusions were well tolerated; cytokine release syndrome was not reported. No fatal serious adverse events occurred during study conduct. NY-ESO-1 SPEAR T cells expanded in vivo, trafficked to bone marrow, demonstrated persistence, and exhibited tumor antigen-directed functionality. In this MM patient population, NY-ESO-1 SPEAR T-cell therapy in the context of ASCT was associated with antitumor activity. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01352286.
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21
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Hong L, Zhang C, Jiang Y, Liu H, Huang H, Guo D. Therapeutic status and the prospect of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in multiple myeloma. Future Oncol 2020; 16:1125-1136. [PMID: 32338048 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, CRISPR/Cas9, a novel gene-editing technology, has shown considerable potential in the design of novel research methods and future options for treating multiple myeloma (MM). The use of CRISPR/Cas9 promises faster and more accurate identification and validation of target genes. In this review, we summarize the current research status of the application of CRISPR technology in MM, especially in detecting the expression of MM gene, exploring the mechanism of drug action, screening for drug-resistant genes, developing immunotherapy and screening for new drug targets. Given the tremendous progress that has been made, we believe that CRISPR/Cas9 possesses great potential in MM-related clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemin Hong
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Chenlu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yijing Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongming Huang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Dan Guo
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, PR China
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22
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Caraccio C, Krishna S, Phillips DJ, Schürch CM. Bispecific Antibodies for Multiple Myeloma: A Review of Targets, Drugs, Clinical Trials, and Future Directions. Front Immunol 2020; 11:501. [PMID: 32391000 PMCID: PMC7193016 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy and the second most common hematological neoplasm in adults, comprising 1.8% of all cancers. With an annual incidence of ~30,770 cases in the United States, MM has a high mortality rate, leading to 12,770 deaths per year. MM is a genetically complex, highly heterogeneous malignancy, with significant inter- and intra-patient clonal variability. Recent years have witnessed dramatic improvements in the diagnostics, classification, and treatment of MM. However, patients with high-risk disease have not yet benefited from therapeutic advances. High-risk patients are often primary refractory to treatment or relapse early, ultimately resulting in progression toward aggressive end-stage MM, with associated extramedullary disease or plasma cell leukemia. Therefore, novel treatment modalities are needed to improve the outcomes of these patients. Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are immunotherapeutics that simultaneously target and thereby redirect effector immune cells to tumor cells. BsAbs have shown high efficacy in B cell malignancies, including refractory/relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Various BsAbs targeting MM-specific antigens such as B cell maturation antigen (BCMA), CD38, and CD138 are currently in pre-clinical and clinical development, with promising results. In this review, we outline these advances, focusing on BsAb drugs, their targets, and their potential to improve survival, especially for high-risk MM patients. In combination with current treatment strategies, BsAbs may pave the way toward a cure for MM.
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Abstract
Cellular immunotherapy for myeloma has the unique potential both to potently kill the malignant clone and to evoke a memory response to protect from relapse. Understanding the complex interactions between the malignant clone and the microenvironment that promote immune escape is critical to evoke effective antimyeloma immunity. Tremendous progress has been made in the area of cancer vaccines and adoptive T-cell therapy in recent years. Careful study of the mechanisms of response and of immune escape will be critical to developing novel combination therapies and ultimately to improve outcomes for patients with myeloma.
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Ashmore-Harris C, Fruhwirth GO. The clinical potential of gene editing as a tool to engineer cell-based therapeutics. Clin Transl Med 2020; 9:15. [PMID: 32034584 PMCID: PMC7007464 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-020-0268-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical application of ex vivo gene edited cell therapies first began a decade ago with zinc finger nuclease editing of autologous CD4+ T-cells. Editing aimed to disrupt expression of the human immunodeficiency virus co-receptor gene CCR5, with the goal of yielding cells resistant to viral entry, prior to re-infusion into the patient. Since then the field has substantially evolved with the arrival of the new editing technologies transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), and the potential benefits of gene editing in the arenas of immuno-oncology and blood disorders were quickly recognised. As the breadth of cell therapies available clinically continues to rise there is growing interest in allogeneic and off-the-shelf approaches and multiplex editing strategies are increasingly employed. We review here the latest clinical trials utilising these editing technologies and consider the applications on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Ashmore-Harris
- Imaging Therapy and Cancer Group, Dept of Imaging Chemistry & Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London (KCL), London, SE1 7EH, UK
- Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Guy's Hospital, KCL, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Gilbert O Fruhwirth
- Imaging Therapy and Cancer Group, Dept of Imaging Chemistry & Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London (KCL), London, SE1 7EH, UK.
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Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B-cell malignancy characterized by the abnormal proliferation of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow leading to end-organ manifestations. Despite the advancement in the therapy and care of patients with MM, relapse and resistance to standard therapy remain significant. The development of immunotherapy as a treatment modality for many types of cancers has led investigators to explore its use in MM in order to elicit myeloma-targeted immune responses, especially given that immune dysregulation is an underlying feature in the pathogenesis and progression of MM. In this concise review, we discuss the different advances in the immune-based therapy of MM, from immunomodulation, vaccines, to monoclonal antibodies, checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive T-cell therapies, and future promising therapies under investigation.
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He Q, Jiang X, Zhou X, Weng J. Targeting cancers through TCR-peptide/MHC interactions. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:139. [PMID: 31852498 PMCID: PMC6921533 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0812-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy has achieved dramatic success in a clinic, and the Food and Drug Administration approved two chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T cell (CAR-T) therapies that target hematological cancers in 2018. A significant issue faced by CAR-T therapies is the lack of tumor-specific biomarkers on the surfaces of solid tumor cells, which hampers the application of CAR-T therapies to solid tumors. Intracellular tumor-related antigens can be presented as peptides in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on the cell surface, which interact with the T cell receptors (TCR) on antigen-specific T cells to stimulate an anti-tumor response. Multiple immunotherapy strategies have been developed to eradicate tumor cells through targeting the TCR-peptide/MHC interactions. Here, we summarize the current status of TCR-based immunotherapy strategies, with particular focus on the TCR structure, activated signaling pathways, the effects and toxicity associated with TCR-based therapies in clinical trials, preclinical studies examining immune-mobilizing monoclonal TCRs against cancer (ImmTACs), and TCR-fusion molecules. We propose several TCR-based therapeutic strategies to achieve optimal clinical responses without the induction of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua He
- Department of Center Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 621 Gangwan Rd, Huangpu Qu, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Xianhan Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Xinke Zhou
- Department of Center Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 621 Gangwan Rd, Huangpu Qu, Guangzhou, 510700, China. .,Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, China.
| | - Jinsheng Weng
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1414 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Immunotherapy for Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11122009. [PMID: 31842518 PMCID: PMC6966649 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite therapeutic advances over the past decades, multiple myeloma (MM) remains a largely incurable disease with poor prognosis in high-risk patients, and thus new treatment strategies are needed to achieve treatment breakthroughs. MM represents various forms of impaired immune surveillance characterized by not only disrupted antibody production but also immune dysfunction of T, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells, although immunotherapeutic interventions such as allogeneic stem-cell transplantation and dendritic cell-based tumor vaccines were reported to prolong survival in limited populations of MM patients. Recently, epoch-making immunotherapies, i.e., immunomodulatory drug-intensified monoclonal antibodies, such as daratumumab combined with lenalidomide and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy targeting B-cell maturation antigen, have been developed, and was shown to improve prognosis even in advanced-stage MM patients. Clinical trials using other antibody-based treatments, such as antibody drug-conjugate and bispecific antigen-directed CD3 T-cell engager targeting, are ongoing. The manipulation of anergic T-cells by checkpoint inhibitors, including an anti-T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domains (TIGIT) antibody, also has the potential to prolong survival times. Those new treatments or their combination will improve prognosis and possibly point toward a cure for MM.
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Newey A, Griffiths B, Michaux J, Pak HS, Stevenson BJ, Woolston A, Semiannikova M, Spain G, Barber LJ, Matthews N, Rao S, Watkins D, Chau I, Coukos G, Racle J, Gfeller D, Starling N, Cunningham D, Bassani-Sternberg M, Gerlinger M. Immunopeptidomics of colorectal cancer organoids reveals a sparse HLA class I neoantigen landscape and no increase in neoantigens with interferon or MEK-inhibitor treatment. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:309. [PMID: 31735170 PMCID: PMC6859637 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0769-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient derived organoids (PDOs) can be established from colorectal cancers (CRCs) as in vitro models to interrogate cancer biology and its clinical relevance. We applied mass spectrometry (MS) immunopeptidomics to investigate neoantigen presentation and whether this can be augmented through interferon gamma (IFNγ) or MEK-inhibitor treatment. METHODS Four microsatellite stable PDOs from chemotherapy refractory and one from a treatment naïve CRC were expanded to replicates with 100 million cells each, and HLA class I and class II peptide ligands were analyzed by MS. RESULTS We identified an average of 9936 unique peptides per PDO which compares favorably against published immunopeptidomics studies, suggesting high sensitivity. Loss of heterozygosity of the HLA locus was associated with low peptide diversity in one PDO. Peptides from genes without detectable expression by RNA-sequencing were rarely identified by MS. Only 3 out of 612 non-silent mutations encoded for neoantigens that were detected by MS. In contrast, computational HLA binding prediction estimated that 304 mutations could generate neoantigens. One hundred ninety-six of these were located in expressed genes, still exceeding the number of MS-detected neoantigens 65-fold. Treatment of four PDOs with IFNγ upregulated HLA class I expression and qualitatively changed the immunopeptidome, with increased presentation of IFNγ-inducible genes. HLA class II presented peptides increased dramatically with IFNγ treatment. MEK-inhibitor treatment showed no consistent effect on HLA class I or II expression or the peptidome. Importantly, no additional HLA class I or II presented neoantigens became detectable with any treatment. CONCLUSIONS Only 3 out of 612 non-silent mutations encoded for neoantigens that were detectable by MS. Although MS has sensitivity limits and biases, and likely underestimated the true neoantigen burden, this established a lower bound of the percentage of non-silent mutations that encode for presented neoantigens, which may be as low as 0.5%. This could be a reason for the poor responses of non-hypermutated CRCs to immune checkpoint inhibitors. MEK-inhibitors recently failed to improve checkpoint-inhibitor efficacy in CRC and the observed lack of HLA upregulation or improved peptide presentation may explain this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Newey
- Translational Oncogenomics Lab, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB UK
| | - Beatrice Griffiths
- Translational Oncogenomics Lab, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB UK
| | - Justine Michaux
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hui Song Pak
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Andrew Woolston
- Translational Oncogenomics Lab, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB UK
| | - Maria Semiannikova
- Translational Oncogenomics Lab, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB UK
| | - Georgia Spain
- Translational Oncogenomics Lab, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB UK
| | - Louise J. Barber
- Translational Oncogenomics Lab, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB UK
| | - Nik Matthews
- Tumour Profiling Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB UK
| | - Sheela Rao
- GI Cancer Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ UK
| | - David Watkins
- GI Cancer Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ UK
| | - Ian Chau
- GI Cancer Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ UK
| | - George Coukos
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Racle
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Gfeller
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Naureen Starling
- GI Cancer Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ UK
| | - David Cunningham
- GI Cancer Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ UK
| | - Michal Bassani-Sternberg
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Gerlinger
- Translational Oncogenomics Lab, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB UK
- GI Cancer Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ UK
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Feinberg D, Paul B, Kang Y. The promise of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in multiple myeloma. Cell Immunol 2019; 345:103964. [PMID: 31492448 PMCID: PMC6832886 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.103964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A cure for multiple myeloma (MM), a malignancy of plasma cells, remains elusive. Nearly all myeloma patients will eventually relapse and develop resistance to currently available treatments. There is an unmet medical need to develop novel and effective therapies that can induce sustained responses. Early phase clinical trials using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy have shown great promise in the treatment of relapsed and/or refractory MM. In this review article, we provide an overview of the CAR constructs, the gene transfer vector systems, and approaches for T cell activation and expansion. We then summarize the outcomes of several early phase clinical trials of CAR T cell therapy in MM and the novel CAR T targets that are under development. Finally, we explore the potential mechanisms that result in disease relapse after CAR T therapy and propose future directions in CAR T therapy in MM.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/methods
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/trends
- Multiple Myeloma/immunology
- Multiple Myeloma/metabolism
- Multiple Myeloma/therapy
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
- Outcome Assessment, Health Care
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Feinberg
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Barry Paul
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yubin Kang
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Direct comparison of target-reactivity and cross-reactivity induced by CAR- and BiTE-redirected T cells for the development of antibody-based T-cell therapy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13293. [PMID: 31527633 PMCID: PMC6746725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49834-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) has led to the successful application of cancer immunotherapy. The potential reactivity mediated by CAR- and BiTE-redirected T cells needs to be assessed to facilitate the application of these treatment options to a broader range of patients. Here, we have generated CAR and BiTE possessing the same single chain fragment variable (scFv) specific for the HLA-A2/NY-ESO-1157-165 complex (A2/NY-ESO-1157). Using HLA-A2+NY-ESO-1+ myeloma cells and peptides presented by HLA-A2 molecules as a model, both sets of redirected T cells recognized and killed HLA-A2+NY-ESO-1+ myeloma cells in an A2/NY-ESO-1157-specific manner in vitro. Moreover, CAR- and BiTE-activated T cells showed similar functional avidity, as assessed by cytokine production and killing activity, both displaying antitumor reactivity against HLA-A2+NY-ESO-1+ myeloma cells in vivo. Interestingly, cross-reactivity for homologous peptides presented by HLA-A*02:01 and NY-ESO-1157 peptide presented by HLA-A2 alleles was not identical between CAR- and BiTE-redirected T cells, probably due to structural differences of modified antibodies. These results have demonstrated that both antitumor CAR- and BiTE-activated T cells have comparable potential to recognize tumors, while paying attention to unknown off-target reactivity that would differ for each antibody-based modality even if the same scFv was employed.
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31
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Li F, Zhao F, Li M, Pan M, Shi F, Xu H, Zheng D, Wang L, Dou J. Decreasing New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 expression inhibits multiple myeloma growth and osteolytic lesions. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2183-2194. [PMID: 31489631 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing China
- Changzhou Blood Center Changzhou China
| | - Fengshu Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Meng Pan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Fangfang Shi
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Danfeng Zheng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Jun Dou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing China
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32
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Gong W, Hoffmann JM, Stock S, Wang L, Liu Y, Schubert ML, Neuber B, Hückelhoven-Krauss A, Gern U, Schmitt A, Müller-Tidow C, Shiku H, Schmitt M, Sellner L. Comparison of IL-2 vs IL-7/IL-15 for the generation of NY-ESO-1-specific T cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1195-1209. [PMID: 31177329 PMCID: PMC11028180 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02354-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The anti-tumor efficacy of TCR-engineered T cells in vivo depends largely on less-differentiated subsets such as T cells with naïve-like T cell (TN) phenotypes with greater expansion and long-term persistence. To increase these subsets, we compared the generation of New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1 (NY-ESO-1)-specific T cells under supplementation with either IL-2 or IL-7/IL-15. PBMCs were transduced with MS3II-NY-ESO-1-siTCR retroviral vector. T cell generation was adapted from a CD19-specific CART cell production protocol. Comparable results in viability, expansion and transduction efficiency of T cells under stimulation with either IL-2 or IL-7/IL-15 were observed. IL-7/IL-15 led to an increase of CD4+ T cells and a decrease of CD8+ T cells, enriched the amount of TN among CD4+ T cells but not among CD8+ T cells. In a 51Cr release assay, similar specific lysis of NY-ESO-1-positive SW982 sarcoma cells was achieved. However, intracellular cytokine staining revealed a significantly increased production of IFN-γ and TNF-α in T cells generated by IL-2 stimulation. To validate these unexpected findings, NY-ESO-1-specific T cell production was evaluated in another protocol originally established for TCR-engineered T cells. IL-7/IL-15 increased the proportion of TN. However, the absolute number of TN did not increase due to a significantly slower expansion of T cells with IL-7/IL-15. In conclusion, IL-7/IL-15 does not seem to be superior to IL-2 for the generation of NY-ESO-1-specific T cells. This is in sharp contrast to the observations in CD19-specific CART cells. Changes of cytokine cocktails should be carefully evaluated for individual vector systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Gong
- Cellular Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jean-Marc Hoffmann
- Cellular Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sophia Stock
- Cellular Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lei Wang
- Cellular Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yibin Liu
- Cellular Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria-Luisa Schubert
- Cellular Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Neuber
- Cellular Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela Hückelhoven-Krauss
- Cellular Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Gern
- Cellular Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anita Schmitt
- Cellular Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Cellular Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Shiku
- Department of Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Cellular Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leopold Sellner
- Cellular Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
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33
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Liegel J, Avigan D, Rosenblatt J. Cellular immunotherapy as a therapeutic approach in multiple myeloma. Expert Rev Hematol 2019; 11:525-536. [PMID: 29856648 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2018.1483718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunotherapy seeks to restore and augment the unique ability of the immune system to recognize and kill malignant cells. This strategy has previously been incorporated into standard of care in myeloma with the use of immunomodulatory drugs and allogeneic transplant. The following review will discuss the rationale for immunotherapy to reverse critical aspects of the immunosuppressive milieu in myeloma and avenues where cellular therapies are now revolutionizing myeloma treatment. Areas covered: A particular focus is outcomes of clinical trials in myeloma published in PubMed database or abstract form using vaccines or adoptive cell transfer: marrow infiltrating lymphocytes, T-cell receptor and chimeric antigen receptor T cells. Expert commentary: Immunotherapy has extraordinary potential in myeloma. Combinations of cellular therapies with immunomodulatory molecules or checkpoint inhibitors are likely to be synergistic and now underway. Future directions include neoantigen or nanoparticle vaccines and further modifications of engineered T cells such as use of dual-antigens, suicide genes or allogeneic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Liegel
- a Department of Medicine , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - David Avigan
- a Department of Medicine , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Jacalyn Rosenblatt
- a Department of Medicine , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
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34
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Cohen AD, Lendvai N, Nataraj S, Imai N, Jungbluth AA, Tsakos I, Rahman A, Mei AHC, Singh H, Zarychta K, Kim-Schulze S, Park A, Venhaus R, Alpaugh K, Gnjatic S, Cho HJ. Autologous Lymphocyte Infusion Supports Tumor Antigen Vaccine-Induced Immunity in Autologous Stem Cell Transplant for Multiple Myeloma. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:658-669. [PMID: 30745365 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Autologous stem cell transplant (autoSCT), the standard consolidation therapy for multiple myeloma, improves disease-free survival, but is not curative. This could be an ideal setting for immunologic therapy. However, the immune milieu is impaired after autoSCT. We hypothesized that autologous lymphocyte infusion would restore immune competence, allowing immunotherapies such as cancer vaccines to elicit tumor antigen-specific immunity in the setting of autoSCT. In this pilot study (NCT01380145), we investigated safety, immunologic, and clinical outcomes of autologous lymphocyte infusion combined with peri-autoSCT immunotherapy with recombinant MAGE-A3 (a multiple myeloma-associated antigen) and adjuvant. Thirteen patients with multiple myeloma undergoing autoSCT were enrolled. Autologous lymphocyte infusion and MAGE vaccination were well tolerated. Combination immunotherapy resulted in high-titer humoral immunity and robust, antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell responses in all subjects, and the responses persisted at least one year post-autoSCT. CD4+ T cells were polyfunctional and Th1-biased. CD8+ T-cell responses were elicited in 3 of 13 subjects. These cells recognized naturally processed MAGE-A3 antigen. Median progression-free survival was 27 months, and median overall survival was not reached, suggesting no differences from standard-of-care. In 4 of 8 subjects tested, MAGE-A protein expression was not detected by IHC in multiple myeloma cells at relapse, suggesting therapy-induced immunologic selection against antigen-expressing clones. These results demonstrated that autologous lymphocyte infusion augmentation of autoSCT confers a favorable milieu for immunotherapies such as tumor vaccines. This strategy does not require ex vivo manipulation of autologous lymphocyte products and is an applicable platform for further investigation into combination immunotherapies to treat multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Cohen
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Nikoletta Lendvai
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Sarah Nataraj
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Naoko Imai
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Ioanna Tsakos
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Adeeb Rahman
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Anna Huo-Chang Mei
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Herman Singh
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Katarzyna Zarychta
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Seunghee Kim-Schulze
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Andrew Park
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York
| | - Ralph Venhaus
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York
| | | | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York.,Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Hearn J Cho
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York
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35
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Cell-based immunotherapy approaches for multiple myeloma. Br J Cancer 2018; 120:38-44. [PMID: 30518815 PMCID: PMC6325139 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0346-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the arrival of novel therapies, multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable and new treatment options are needed. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are genetically modified T cells that express a CAR directed against specific tumour antigens. CAR T cells are able to kill target tumour cells and may result in long-lasting immune responses in vivo. The rapid development of CAR technologies has led to clinical trials in haematological cancers including MM, and CAR T cells might evolve into a standard treatment in the next few years. Only small patient cohorts with relapsed or refractory disease have so far been investigated, but promising preliminary results with high response rates have been obtained in phase I clinical trials with B cell maturation antigen (BCMA), CD19, CD38 and κ-light-chain CAR T cells. Additional preclinical studies on CD38 and SLAMF7-CAR T cells in MM treatment yielded preclinical results that merit further investigation. Beyond the T cell approach, recent studies have focussed on CAR natural killer (NK) cells in order to increase the reactivity of these effector cells. Finally, to investigate the targeting of intracellular antigens, cellular therapies based on engineered T cell receptors (TCRs) are in development. In this review, we discuss results from preclinical and early-phase clinical trials testing the feasibility and safety of CAR T cell administration in MM, as well as early studies into approaches that utilise CAR NK cell and genetically modified TCRs.
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36
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Physical Characterization and Stabilization of a Lentiviral Vector Against Adsorption and Freeze-Thaw. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2764-2774. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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37
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Shires K, Van Wyk T. The role of Cancer/Testis Antigens in Multiple Myeloma pathogenesis and their application in disease monitoring and therapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 132:17-26. [PMID: 30447924 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A unique group of genes, encoding tumour associated antigens, known as the Cancer/Testis Antigens (CTAs), have been explored as novel markers of disease progression and as targets of immunotherapy in several cancers, including the haematological malignancy Multiple Myeloma (MM). This review aims to update the knowledge of CTA involvement in MM pathogenesis and how their potential as biomarkers for disease monitoring and targets of immunotherapy has been explored in the MM disease arena. Despite the initial promise of these antigens, their use as immunotherapy targets has not been successful, yet with a greater understanding of their role in disease pathogenesis they may still have a significant role to play as biomarkers of disease and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Shires
- Division of Haematology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service/Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Teagan Van Wyk
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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38
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Rotolo A, Karadimitris A, Ruella M. Building upon the success of CART19: chimeric antigen receptor T cells for hematologic malignancies. Leuk Lymphoma 2018; 59:2040-2055. [PMID: 29165008 PMCID: PMC6814196 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1403024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CART) therapy has dramatically changed the therapeutic prospects for B cell malignancies. Over the last decade CD19-redirected CART have demonstrated the ability to induce deep, long-lasting remissions and possibly cure patients with relapsing B cell neoplasms. Such impressive results with CART19 fostered efforts to expand this technology to other incurable malignancies that naturally do not express CD19, such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and multiple myeloma (MM). However, to reach this goal, several hurdles have to be overcome, in particular: (i) the apparent lack of suitable targets as effective as CD19; (ii) the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment; (iii) intra-tumoral heterogeneity and antigen-negative relapses. Therefore, new strategies that allow safer and more potent CART platforms are under development and may provide grounds for new exciting breakthroughs in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Rotolo
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anastasios Karadimitris
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marco Ruella
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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39
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Gordeeva O. Cancer-testis antigens: Unique cancer stem cell biomarkers and targets for cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 53:75-89. [PMID: 30171980 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) are considered as unique and promising cancer biomarkers and targets for cancer therapy. CTAs are multifunctional protein group with specific expression patterns in normal embryonic and adult cells and various types of cancer cells. CTAs are involved in regulating of the basic cellular processes during development, stem cell differentiation and carcinogenesis though the biological roles and cell functions of CTA families remain largely unclear. Analysis of CTA expression patterns in embryonic germ and somatic cells, pluripotent and multipotent stem cells, cancer stem cells and their cell descendants indicates that rearrangements of characteristic CTA profiles (aberrant expression) could be associated with cancer transformation and failure of the developmental program of cell lineage specification and germ line restriction. Therefore, aberrant CTA profiles can be used as panels of biomarkers for diagnoses and the selection of cancer treatment strategies. Moreover, immunogenic CTAs are prospective targets for cancer immunotherapy. Clinical trials testing broad range of cancer therapeutic vaccines against antigens of MAGEA and NY-ESO-1 families for treating various cancers have shown mixed clinical efficiency, safety and tolerability, suggesting the requirement of in-depth research of CTA expression in normal and cancer stem cells and extensive clinical trials for improving cancer immunotherapy technologies. This review focuses on recent advancement in study of CTAs in normal and cancer cells, particularly in normal and cancer stem cells, and provides a new insight into CTA expression patterns during normal and cancer stem cell lineage development. Additionally, new approaches in development of effective CTA-based therapies exclusively targeting cancer stem cells will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Gordeeva
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Mechanisms of Histogenesis, Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
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40
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Merhi M, Raza A, Inchakalody VP, Nashwan AJJ, Allahverdi N, Krishnankutty R, Uddin S, Zar Gul AR, Al Homsi MU, Dermime S. Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Head and Neck Cancer Response to Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 Targeting and Differential Expression of Immunological Markers: A Case Report. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1769. [PMID: 30108590 PMCID: PMC6079623 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) pathway has been shown to enhance T cell-mediated antitumor immunity. Clinical responses are limited to subgroups of patients. The search for biomarkers of response is a strategy to predict response and outcome of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint intervention. The NY-ESO-1 cancer testis antigen has been considered as a biomarker in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients and can induce both specific NY-ESO-1 antibody and T cells responses. Here, we correlated clinical responsiveness to anti-PD-1 (nivolumab) treatment with immunity to NY-ESO-1 in a patient with recurrent HNSCC. The patient was treated with second-line treatment of nivolumab and had a stable disease for over 7 months. His NY-ESO-1 antibody was found to be lower after the third (****p < 0.0001) and the fifth (****p < 0.0001) cycles of treatment compared to base line, and this was in line with the stability of the disease. The NY-ESO-1-specific T cells response of the patient was found to be increased after the third and the fifth (**p = 0.002) cycles of treatment but had a significant decline after progression (**p = 0.0028). The PD-1 expression by the patient's T cells was reduced 15-folds after nivolumab treatment and was uniquely restricted to the CD8+ T cells population. Several cytokines/chemokines involved in immune activation were upregulated after nivolumab treatment; two biomarkers were reduced at progression [interleukin (IL)-10: ****p < 0.0001 and CX3CL1: ****p < 0.0001]. On the other hand, some cytokines/chemokines contributing to immune inhibition were downregulated after nivolumab treatment; two biomarkers were increased at progression (IL-6: ****p < 0.0001 and IL-8: ****p < 0.0001). This data support the notion that the presence of anti-NY-ESO-1 integrated immunity and some cytokines/chemokines profile may potentially identify a response to PD-1 blockade in HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysaloun Merhi
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Cancer Research Facility and Clinical Trial Unit, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Afsheen Raza
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Cancer Research Facility and Clinical Trial Unit, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Varghese Philipose Inchakalody
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Cancer Research Facility and Clinical Trial Unit, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdulqadir Jeprel Japer Nashwan
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Cancer Research Facility and Clinical Trial Unit, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Niloofar Allahverdi
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Cancer Research Facility and Clinical Trial Unit, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Shahab Uddin
- Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdul Rehman Zar Gul
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Said Dermime
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Cancer Research Facility and Clinical Trial Unit, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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41
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Solodovnik AA, Mkrtchyan HS, Misyurin VA, Tikhonova VV, Finashutina YP, Kasatkina NN, Solopova ON, Votyakova OM, Yakimovich OY, Volodina OM, Kichigina MY, Medvedovskaya EG, Antipova AS, Zavodnova IZ, Semenova AA, Arakelyan GR, Ryabukhina YE, Kolomeytsev OA, Shirin AD, Osmanov EA, Misyurin AV. EXPRESSION OF CANCER-TESTIS GENES PRAME, NY-ESO1, GAGE1, MAGE A3, MAGE A6, MAGE A12, SSX1, SLLP1, PASD1 IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE MYELOMA, THEIR INFLUENCE ON OVERALL SURVIVAL AND RELAPSE RATE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.17650/2313-805x-2018-5-2-62-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective:to study the prognostic significance of the expression of cancer-testis (CT) genes PRAME, NY-ESO1, GAGE1, MAGE A3, MAGE A6, MAGE A12, SSX1, SLLP1, PASD1 in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and their influence on overall survival and relapse rate. To determine their effect on suсh clinical parameters as levels of lactate dehydrogenase, leucocytes, hemoglobin, calcium, albumen, creatinine, beta-2-microglobulin.Materials and methods.Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed on complementary DNA obtained from bone marrow of 77 patients with MM. The statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 10.0 software package. To estimate prognostic values of the CT gene expression data were analyzed by the Kaplan – Meier method.Results.The study was conducted to determine the level of expression of CT genes PRAME, NY-ESO1, GAGE1, MAGE A3, MAGE A6, MAGE A12, SSX1, SLLP1, PASD1 in a group of patients with MM. The group included primary and receiving cancer treatment in MM patients. According to the log-rank criterion expression of any of the CT genes PRAME, NY-ESO1, GAGE1, MAGE A3, MAGE A6, MAGE A12, SSX1, SLLP1, PASD1 exerts a significant influence on overall survival and progression-free survival/relapse. It was also determined that providing expression of some CT genes, the levels of creatinine, calcium, beta-2-microglobulin were much higher to compare with patients without expression.
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42
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Ye Z, Liang Y, Ma Y, Lin B, Cao L, Wang B, Zhang Z, Yu H, Li J, Huang M, Zhou K, Zhang Q, Liu X, Zeng J. Targeted photodynamic therapy of cancer using a novel gallium (III) tris (ethoxycarbonyl) corrole conjugated-mAb directed against cancer/testis antigens 83. Cancer Med 2018; 7:3057-3065. [PMID: 29856138 PMCID: PMC6051178 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive, highly selective approach to the treatment of tumors. However, its therapeutic effect is limited by long‐lasting skin phototoxicity. Therefore, to compromise this shortcoming, it is preferable to deliver photosensitizers selectively to tumor cells with the aid of antibodies specific against tumor‐associated antigens. Cancer/testis antigens 83 (CT83), also called KK‐LC‐1 or CXorf61, recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), has become a promising target for immunotherapy. Herein, we developed and characterized a novel mouse CT83 mAb 7G4 with a high affinity with Gallium (III) 5, 10, 15‐tris (ethoxycarbonyl) corrole (1‐Ga), a new and promising photosensitizer in PDT. The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometry and cytotoxicity activity assays revealed that 7G4‐1‐Ga was able to recognize human CT83 with high specificity. Furthermore, 7G4‐1‐Ga showed greater cytotoxicity to CT83‐expressing human cancer cells in vitro than 1‐Ga. These results suggest that the antibody‐conjugated photosensitizer between anti‐CT83 mAb and 1‐Ga may have a good application in PDT, where the destruction of CT83‐expressing tumor is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Ye
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yanfang Liang
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Jinan University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Bihua Lin
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Antitumor Active Substance Research and Development, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Longbin Cao
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Jinan University, Dongguan, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haibo Yu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jixia Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Antitumor Active Substance Research and Development, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Mingyuan Huang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Keyuan Zhou
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Antitumor Active Substance Research and Development, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qunzhou Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xinguang Liu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jincheng Zeng
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Antitumor Active Substance Research and Development, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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43
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Cohen AD. CAR T Cells and Other Cellular Therapies for Multiple Myeloma: 2018 Update. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2018; 38:e6-e15. [PMID: 30231373 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_200889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellular therapies are a rapidly evolving approach to myeloma treatment, which bring a unique mechanism of action with the potential to overcome drug resistance and induce long-term remissions. Two primary approaches are being studied: non-gene-modified strategies, which rely on the endogenous anti-myeloma T-cell repertoire, and gene-modified strategies, which introduce a new T-cell receptor (TCR) or a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) to confer novel antigen specificity. CAR T cells show the greatest activity to date. Multiple antigen targets, including B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), CD19, CD38, CD138, and SLAMF7, are being explored for myeloma, and BCMA has emerged as the most promising. Preliminary data from four phase I studies of BCMA CAR T cells, each using a different CAR construct, that involved 90 evaluable patients with relapsed/refractory disease have been reported. These data show response rates of 60% to 100%, including minimal residual disease (MRD)-negative complete remissions, at effective doses (> 108 CAR-positive cells) after lymphodepleting conditioning. Response durability has been more variable, likely related to differences in CAR T-cell products, lymphodepleting regimens, patient selection criteria, and/or underlying biology/prognostic factors. In the two most recent studies, however, most patients remained progression free with median follow-up time of 6 to 10 months; some ongoing remissions lasted more than 1 year. Toxicities are similar to those from CD19 CAR T cells and include cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity that is reversible but can be severe. Multiple BCMA CAR T-cell studies are ongoing. Future directions include combinations with immunomodulatory drugs, checkpoint inhibitors, or other CAR T cells, as well as use of gene-edited cellular products to enhance the safety and efficacy of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Cohen
- From the Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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44
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Thomas R, Al-Khadairi G, Roelands J, Hendrickx W, Dermime S, Bedognetti D, Decock J. NY-ESO-1 Based Immunotherapy of Cancer: Current Perspectives. Front Immunol 2018; 9:947. [PMID: 29770138 PMCID: PMC5941317 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
NY-ESO-1 or New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 is a well-known cancer-testis antigen (CTAs) with re-expression in numerous cancer types. Its ability to elicit spontaneous humoral and cellular immune responses, together with its restricted expression pattern, have rendered it a good candidate target for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we provide background information on NY-ESO-1 expression and function in normal and cancerous tissues. Furthermore, NY-ESO-1-specific immune responses have been observed in various cancer types; however, their utility as biomarkers are not well determined. Finally, we describe the immune-based therapeutic options targeting NY-ESO-1 that are currently in clinical trial. We will highlight the recent advancements made in NY-ESO-1 cancer vaccines, adoptive T cell therapy, and combinatorial treatment with checkpoint inhibitors and will discuss the current trends for future NY-ESO-1 based immunotherapy. Cancer treatment has been revolutionized over the last few decades with immunotherapy emerging at the forefront. Immune-based interventions have shown promising results, providing a new treatment avenue for durable clinical responses in various cancer types. The majority of successful immunotherapy studies have been reported in liquid cancers, whereas these approaches have met many challenges in solid cancers. Effective immunotherapy in solid cancers is hampered by the complex, dynamic tumor microenvironment that modulates the extent and phenotype of the antitumor immune response. Furthermore, many solid tumor-associated antigens are not private but can be found in normal somatic tissues, resulting in minor to detrimental off-target toxicities. Therefore, there is an ongoing effort to identify tumor-specific antigens to target using various immune-based modalities. CTAs are considered good candidate targets for immunotherapy as they are characterized by a restricted expression in normal somatic tissues concomitant with a re-expression in solid epithelial cancers. Moreover, several CTAs have been found to induce a spontaneous immune response, NY-ESO-1 being the most immunogenic among the family members. Hence, this review will focus on NY-ESO-1 and discuss the past and current NY-ESO-1 targeted immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy Thomas
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Qatar Foundation, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ghaneya Al-Khadairi
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Qatar Foundation, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jessica Roelands
- Immunology, Inflammation, and Metabolism Department, Tumor Biology, Immunology, and Therapy Section, Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Wouter Hendrickx
- Immunology, Inflammation, and Metabolism Department, Tumor Biology, Immunology, and Therapy Section, Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Said Dermime
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Doha, Qatar
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- Immunology, Inflammation, and Metabolism Department, Tumor Biology, Immunology, and Therapy Section, Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Julie Decock
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Qatar Foundation, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
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45
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Alatrash G, Perakis AA, Kerros C, Peters HL, Sukhumalchandra P, Zhang M, Jakher H, Zope M, Patenia R, Sergeeva A, Yi S, Young KH, Philips AV, Cernosek AM, Garber HR, Qiao N, Weng J, St John LS, Lu S, Clise-Dwyer K, Mittendorf EA, Ma Q, Molldrem JJ. Targeting the Leukemia Antigen PR1 with Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:3386-3396. [PMID: 29661776 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: PR1 is a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2 nonameric peptide derived from neutrophil elastase (NE) and proteinase 3 (P3). We have previously shown that PR1 is cross-presented by solid tumors, leukemia, and antigen-presenting cells, including B cells. We have also shown that cross-presentation of PR1 by solid tumors renders them susceptible to killing by PR1-targeting immunotherapies. As multiple myeloma is derived from B cells, we investigated whether multiple myeloma is also capable of PR1 cross-presentation and subsequently capable of being targeted by using PR1 immunotherapies.Experimental Design: We tested whether multiple myeloma is capable of cross-presenting PR1 and subsequently becomes susceptible to PR1-targeting immunotherapies, using multiple myeloma cell lines, a xenograft mouse model, and primary multiple myeloma patient samples.Results: Here we show that multiple myeloma cells lack endogenous NE and P3, are able to take up exogenous NE and P3, and cross-present PR1 on HLA-A2. Cross-presentation by multiple myeloma utilizes the conventional antigen processing machinery, including the proteasome and Golgi, and is not affected by immunomodulating drugs (IMiD). Following PR1 cross-presentation, we are able to target multiple myeloma with PR1-CTL and anti-PR1/HLA-A2 antibody both in vitro and in vivoConclusions: Collectively, our data demonstrate that PR1 is a novel tumor-associated antigen target in multiple myeloma and that multiple myeloma is susceptible to immunotherapies that target cross-presented antigens. Clin Cancer Res; 24(14); 3386-96. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gheath Alatrash
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Section of Transplant Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Alexander A Perakis
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Section of Transplant Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Celine Kerros
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Section of Transplant Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Haley L Peters
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Section of Transplant Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Pariya Sukhumalchandra
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Section of Transplant Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mao Zhang
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Section of Transplant Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Haroon Jakher
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Section of Transplant Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Madhushree Zope
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Section of Transplant Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rebecca Patenia
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Section of Transplant Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anna Sergeeva
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Section of Transplant Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shuhua Yi
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ken H Young
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anne V Philips
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Amanda M Cernosek
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Section of Transplant Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Haven R Garber
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Section of Transplant Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Na Qiao
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jinsheng Weng
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lisa S St John
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Section of Transplant Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sijie Lu
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Section of Transplant Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Karen Clise-Dwyer
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Section of Transplant Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Elizabeth A Mittendorf
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Qing Ma
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Section of Transplant Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey J Molldrem
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Section of Transplant Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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De la Cruz-Rosas A, Martínez-Tovar A, Ramos-Peñafiel C, Cerón-Maldonado R, García-Laguna A, Mendoza-Salas I, Miranda-Peralta E, Collazo-Jaloma J, Olarte-Carrillo I. Expression of genes MAGE-A3 MAGE-C1, NY-ESO-1 and SSX1 in patients with multiple myeloma at the General Hospital of Mexico. REVISTA MÉDICA DEL HOSPITAL GENERAL DE MÉXICO 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hgmx.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-I molecules generally bind short peptides (8–10 amino acids), although extended HLA-I restricted peptides (>10 amino acids) can be presented to T cells. However, the function of such extended HLA-I epitopes in tumour immunity, and how they would be recognised by T-cell receptors (TCR) remains unclear. Here we show that the structures of two distinct TCRs (TRAV4+TRAJ21+-TRBV28+TRBJ2-3+ and TRAV4+TRAJ8+-TRBV9+TRBJ2-1+), originating from a polyclonal T-cell repertoire, bind to HLA-B*07:02, presenting a 13-amino-acid-long tumour-associated peptide, NY-ESO-160–72. Comparison of the structures reveals that the two TCRs differentially binds NY-ESO-160–72–HLA-B*07:02 complex, and induces differing extent of conformational change of the NY-ESO-160–72 epitope. Accordingly, polyclonal TCR usage towards an extended HLA-I restricted tumour epitope translates to differing TCR recognition modes, whereby extensive flexibility at the TCR–pHLA-I interface engenders recognition. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) presents peptides to activate T cells, but many aspects in the T cell receptor (TCR)/HLA interaction remain unclear. Here the authors show, via structural data, that two TCRs differentially recognize the same tumour peptide/HLA complex and induce contrasting conformation changes of the peptide.
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48
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Guang MHZ, McCann A, Bianchi G, Zhang L, Dowling P, Bazou D, O’Gorman P, Anderson KC. Overcoming multiple myeloma drug resistance in the era of cancer 'omics'. Leuk Lymphoma 2018; 59:542-561. [PMID: 28610537 PMCID: PMC6152877 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1337115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is among the most compelling examples of cancer in which research has markedly improved the length and quality of lives of those afflicted. Research efforts have led to 18 newly approved treatments over the last 12 years, including seven in 2015. However, despite significant improvement in overall survival, MM remains incurable as most patients inevitably, yet unpredictably, develop refractory disease. Recent advances in high-throughput 'omics' techniques afford us an unprecedented opportunity to (1) understand drug resistance at the genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic level; (2) discover novel diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers; (3) develop novel therapeutic targets and rational drug combinations; and (4) optimize risk-adapted strategies to circumvent drug resistance, thus bringing us closer to a cure for MM. In this review, we provide an overview of 'omics' technologies in MM biomarker and drug discovery, highlighting recent insights into MM drug resistance gleaned from the use of 'omics' techniques. Moving from the bench to bedside, we also highlight future trends in MM, with a focus on the potential use of 'omics' technologies as diagnostic, prognostic, or response/relapse monitoring tools to guide therapeutic decisions anchored upon highly individualized, targeted, durable, and rationally informed combination therapies with curative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ho Zhi Guang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple
Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts, USA
- UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural
Science and UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University
College Dublin, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Amanda McCann
- UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural
Science and UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University
College Dublin, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Giada Bianchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple
Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple
Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan
University, Chengdu, China
| | - Paul Dowling
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University
Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Despina Bazou
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University
Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Peter O’Gorman
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University
Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Kenneth C. Anderson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple
Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts, USA
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49
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Wang J, Faict S, Maes K, De Bruyne E, Van Valckenborgh E, Schots R, Vanderkerken K, Menu E. Extracellular vesicle cross-talk in the bone marrow microenvironment: implications in multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:38927-38945. [PMID: 26950273 PMCID: PMC5122441 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) represents a complex microenvironment containing stromal cells, immune cells, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and hematopoietic cells, which are crucial for the immune response, bone formation, and hematopoiesis. Apart from soluble factors and direct cell-cell contact, extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, were recently identified as a third mediator for cell communication. Solid evidence has already demonstrated the involvement of various BM-derived cells and soluble factors in the regulation of multiple biological processes whereas the EV-mediated message delivery system from the BM has just been explored in recent decades. These EVs not only perform physiological functions but can also play a role in cancer development, including in Multiple Myeloma (MM) which is a plasma cell malignancy predominantly localized in the BM. This review will therefore focus on the multiple functions of EVs derived from BM cells, the manipulation of the BM by cancer-derived EVs, and the role of BM EVs in MM progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinheng Wang
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sylvia Faict
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ken Maes
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Els Van Valckenborgh
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rik Schots
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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50
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Perez RK, Chen R, Kang R, Perez AR. Advent of CRISPR Based Immunotherapy in Hematologic Malignancies. JOURNAL OF ONCOPATHOLOGY AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2018; 2:2. [PMID: 29953127 PMCID: PMC6018007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- RK Perez
- University of California, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - R Chen
- Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York City, NY 10021, USA
| | - R Kang
- Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York City, NY 10021, USA
| | - AR Perez
- Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York City, NY 10021, USA,Corresponding author: Perez AR, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York City; USA, Tel: (212) 746-5454;
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