1
|
Rossmann MP, Palis J. Developmental regulation of primitive erythropoiesis. Curr Opin Hematol 2024; 31:71-81. [PMID: 38415349 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we present an overview of recent studies of primitive erythropoiesis, focusing on advances in deciphering its embryonic origin, defining species-specific differences in its developmental regulation, and better understanding the molecular and metabolic pathways involved in terminal differentiation. RECENT FINDINGS Single-cell transcriptomics combined with state-of-the-art lineage tracing approaches in unperturbed murine embryos have yielded new insights concerning the origin of the first (primitive) erythroid cells that arise from mesoderm-derived progenitors. Moreover, studies examining primitive erythropoiesis in rare early human embryo samples reveal an overall conservation of primitive erythroid ontogeny in mammals, albeit with some interesting differences such as localization of erythropoietin (EPO) production in the early embryo. Mechanistically, the repertoire of transcription factors that critically regulate primitive erythropoiesis has been expanded to include regulators of transcription elongation, as well as epigenetic modifiers such as the histone methyltransferase DOT1L. For the latter, noncanonical roles aside from enzymatic activity are being uncovered. Lastly, detailed surveys of the metabolic and proteomic landscape of primitive erythroid precursors reveal the activation of key metabolic pathways such as pentose phosphate pathway that are paralleled by a striking loss of mRNA translation machinery. SUMMARY The ability to interrogate single cells in vivo continues to yield new insights into the birth of the first essential organ system of the developing embryo. A comparison of the regulation of primitive and definitive erythropoiesis, as well as the interplay of the different layers of regulation - transcriptional, epigenetic, and metabolic - will be critical in achieving the goal of faithfully generating erythroid cells in vitro for therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlies P Rossmann
- Department of Biomedical Genetics and Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center
| | - James Palis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pomreinke AP, Müller P. Zebrafish nampt-a mutants are viable despite perturbed primitive hematopoiesis. Hereditas 2024; 161:14. [PMID: 38685093 PMCID: PMC11057069 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-024-00318-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) is required for recycling NAD+ in numerous cellular contexts. Morpholino-based knockdown of zebrafish nampt-a has been shown to cause abnormal development and defective hematopoiesis concomitant with decreased NAD+ levels. However, surprisingly, nampt-a mutant zebrafish were recently found to be viable, suggesting a discrepancy between the phenotypes in knockdown and knockout conditions. Here, we address this discrepancy by directly comparing loss-of-function approaches that result in identical defective transcripts in morphants and mutants. RESULTS Using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis, we generated nampt-a mutant lines that carry the same mis-spliced mRNA as nampt-a morphants. Despite reduced NAD+ levels and perturbed expression of specific blood markers, nampt-a mutants did not display obvious developmental defects and were found to be viable. In contrast, injection of nampt-a morpholinos into wild-type or mutant nampt-a embryos caused aberrant phenotypes. Moreover, nampt-a morpholinos caused additional reduction of blood-related markers in nampt-a mutants, suggesting that the defects observed in nampt-a morphants can be partially attributed to off-target effects of the morpholinos. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that zebrafish nampt-a mutants are viable despite reduced NAD+ levels and a perturbed hematopoietic gene expression program, indicating strong robustness of primitive hematopoiesis during early embryogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Autumn Penecilla Pomreinke
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Tübingen, Germany
- University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Patrick Müller
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Tübingen, Germany.
- University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
He J, Blazeski A, Nilanthi U, Menéndez J, Pirani SC, Levic DS, Bagnat M, Singh MK, Raya JG, García-Cardeña G, Torres-Vázquez J. Plxnd1-mediated mechanosensing of blood flow controls the caliber of the Dorsal Aorta via the transcription factor Klf2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.24.576555. [PMID: 38328196 PMCID: PMC10849625 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.24.576555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The cardiovascular system generates and responds to mechanical forces. The heartbeat pumps blood through a network of vascular tubes, which adjust their caliber in response to the hemodynamic environment. However, how endothelial cells in the developing vascular system integrate inputs from circulatory forces into signaling pathways to define vessel caliber is poorly understood. Using vertebrate embryos and in vitro-assembled microvascular networks of human endothelial cells as models, flow and genetic manipulations, and custom software, we reveal that Plexin-D1, an endothelial Semaphorin receptor critical for angiogenic guidance, employs its mechanosensing activity to serve as a crucial positive regulator of the Dorsal Aorta's (DA) caliber. We also uncover that the flow-responsive transcription factor KLF2 acts as a paramount mechanosensitive effector of Plexin-D1 that enlarges endothelial cells to widen the vessel. These findings illuminate the molecular and cellular mechanisms orchestrating the interplay between cardiovascular development and hemodynamic forces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia He
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Adriana Blazeski
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Uthayanan Nilanthi
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857
| | - Javier Menéndez
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Samuel C. Pirani
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Daniel S. Levic
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Michel Bagnat
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Manvendra K. Singh
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169609
| | - José G Raya
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Guillermo García-Cardeña
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jesús Torres-Vázquez
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Suzuki H, Ogawa T, Fujita S, Sone R, Kawahara A. Cooperative contributions of the klf1 and klf17 genes in zebrafish primitive erythropoiesis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12279. [PMID: 37563131 PMCID: PMC10415360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like transcription factors (Klfs), which are characterized by the three conserved C-terminal zinc fingers, are involved in various biological processes, such as haematopoiesis and angiogenesis. However, how the Klf family of transcription factors cooperate in organogenesis remains elusive. During zebrafish embryogenesis, both klf1 and klf17 are expressed in the intermediate cell mass (ICM), where primitive erythroid cells are produced. Using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology, we established klf1-klf17 double mutant zebrafish to investigate the functionally interactive roles of the klf1 and klf17 genes. The klf1-klf17 mutant exhibited a diminished number of circulating primitive erythroid cells at 2 days postfertilization (dpf), while klf1 or klf17 single mutants and wild-type embryos produced comparable numbers of primitive erythroid cells. Circulating erythroid cells from the klf1-klf17 mutant possessed larger nuclei at 2 dpf than wild-type cells, suggesting the impairment of primitive erythroid cell maturation. The expression of the erythroid cell maturation markers band3 and mitoferrin, but not the haematopoietic progenitor markers c-myb and scl, was decreased in the klf1-klf17 mutant at 1 dpf. Thus, these results illustrate the cooperative function of klf1 and klf17 in the maturation processes of zebrafish primitive erythroid cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Suzuki
- Laboratory for Developmental Biology, Center for Medical Education and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Ogawa
- Laboratory for Developmental Biology, Center for Medical Education and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Fujita
- Laboratory for Developmental Biology, Center for Medical Education and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Ryota Sone
- Laboratory for Developmental Biology, Center for Medical Education and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Atsuo Kawahara
- Laboratory for Developmental Biology, Center for Medical Education and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hu F, Ren Y, Wang Z, Zhou H, Luo Y, Wang M, Tian F, Zheng J, Du J, Pang G. Bioinformatics analysis of KLF2 as a potential prognostic factor in ccRCC and association with epithelial‑mesenchymal transition. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:561. [PMID: 35978925 PMCID: PMC9366276 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a primary pathological subtype of RCC and has poor clinical outcome. Krüppel-like factors (KLFs), which are zinc-finger proteins, may be involved in ccRCC development and progression. KLFs belong to the zinc-finger family of DNA-binding transcription factors and regulate transcription of downstream target genes. KLFs are involved in cancer development. The present study aimed to investigate the role of KLFs in ccRCC prognosis. The Cancer Genome Atlas database and multifactorial analysis showed that KLFs were widely expressed in pan-cancers and KLF2 was an independent protective factor for ccRCC prognosis. Patients with low KLF2 expression had a low survival probability and expression of KLF2 was downregulated in patients with ccRCC with high pathological grade (II + III vs. I). In addition, western blot and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR revealed that KLF2 was expressed at low levels in ccRCC cell lines and overexpression of KLF2 inhibited cell migration. In addition, KLF2 expression was negatively correlated with methylation. KLF2 expression was elevated following treatment of ccRCC cells with DNA methyltransferase inhibitor. A prognostic risk index prediction model was constructed based on multiple Cox regression. The receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.780 (area under curve >0.5). Furthermore, Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that ‘cell adhesion’ and ‘junction’ were negatively correlated with KLF2 and that high-risk group exhibited significantly activated ‘epithelial-mesenchymal transition’. Western blot analysis showed that overexpression of KLF2 increased expression of E-cadherin, while decreasing levels of N-cadherin and vimentin. The present study highlighted the role of KLFs in ccRCC prognosis prediction and provides a research base for the search of validated prognostic biological markers for ccRCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Hu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yan Ren
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Zunyun Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yumei Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Minghua Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Faqing Tian
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Gang Pang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li W, Tran V, Shaked I, Xue B, Moore T, Lightle R, Kleinfeld D, Awad IA, Ginsberg MH. Abortive intussusceptive angiogenesis causes multi-cavernous vascular malformations. eLife 2021; 10:e62155. [PMID: 34013885 PMCID: PMC8175082 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosaic inactivation of CCM2 in humans causes cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) containing adjacent dilated blood-filled multi-cavernous lesions. We used CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis to induce mosaic inactivation of zebrafish ccm2 resulting in a novel lethal multi-cavernous lesion in the embryonic caudal venous plexus (CVP) caused by obstruction of blood flow by intraluminal pillars. These pillars mimic those that mediate intussusceptive angiogenesis; however, in contrast to the normal process, the pillars failed to fuse to split the pre-existing vessel in two. Abortive intussusceptive angiogenesis stemmed from mosaic inactivation of ccm2 leading to patchy klf2a overexpression and resultant aberrant flow signaling. Surviving adult fish manifested histologically typical hemorrhagic CCM. Formation of mammalian CCM requires the flow-regulated transcription factor KLF2; fish CCM and the embryonic CVP lesion failed to form in klf2a null fish indicating a common pathogenesis with the mammalian lesion. These studies describe a zebrafish CCM model and establish a mechanism that can explain the formation of characteristic multi-cavernous lesions.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Brain/blood supply
- Cerebrovascular Circulation
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Gene Silencing
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System/embryology
- Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System/genetics
- Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System/metabolism
- Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System/physiopathology
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Mosaicism
- Muscle Proteins/genetics
- Muscle Proteins/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Phenotype
- Signal Transduction
- Zebrafish/embryology
- Zebrafish/genetics
- Zebrafish Proteins/genetics
- Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Li
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Virginia Tran
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Iftach Shaked
- Department of Physics, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Belinda Xue
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Thomas Moore
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago School of Medicine and Biological SciencesChicagoUnited States
| | - Rhonda Lightle
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago School of Medicine and Biological SciencesChicagoUnited States
| | - David Kleinfeld
- Department of Physics, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
- Section of Neurobiology, University of California San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Issam A Awad
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago School of Medicine and Biological SciencesChicagoUnited States
| | - Mark H Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rogers KW, ElGamacy M, Jordan BM, Müller P. Optogenetic investigation of BMP target gene expression diversity. eLife 2020; 9:58641. [PMID: 33174840 PMCID: PMC7728441 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling molecules activate distinct patterns of gene expression to coordinate embryogenesis, but how spatiotemporal expression diversity is generated is an open question. In zebrafish, a BMP signaling gradient patterns the dorsal-ventral axis. We systematically identified target genes responding to BMP and found that they have diverse spatiotemporal expression patterns. Transcriptional responses to optogenetically delivered high- and low-amplitude BMP signaling pulses indicate that spatiotemporal expression is not fully defined by different BMP signaling activation thresholds. Additionally, we observed negligible correlations between spatiotemporal expression and transcription kinetics for the majority of analyzed genes in response to BMP signaling pulses. In contrast, spatial differences between BMP target genes largely collapsed when FGF and Nodal signaling were inhibited. Our results suggest that, similar to other patterning systems, combinatorial signaling is likely to be a major driver of spatial diversity in BMP-dependent gene expression in zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine W Rogers
- Systems Biology of Development Group, Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mohammad ElGamacy
- Systems Biology of Development Group, Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Tübingen, Germany.,Modeling Tumorigenesis Group, Translational Oncology Division, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Heliopolis Biotechnology Ltd, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin M Jordan
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Patrick Müller
- Systems Biology of Development Group, Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Tübingen, Germany.,Modeling Tumorigenesis Group, Translational Oncology Division, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li H, Pan Y, Bao L, Li Y, Cheng C, Liu L, Xiang J, Cheng J, Zhang J, Chu W, Shen Y. Impact of short-term starvation and refeeding on the expression of KLF15 and regulatory mechanism of branched-chain amino acids metabolism in muscle of Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). Gene 2020; 752:144782. [PMID: 32442577 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) play an important role in muscle energy metabolism, and Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) is an essential regulator of BCAA metabolism in muscle under nutritional deficiency. In this study, we analyzed the effect of normal feeding (starvation for 0 day), starvation for 3, 7, 10, 15 days, and refeeding for 7 days after 15 days of starvation on the expression of KLF15 and BCAA metabolism in muscle of Chinese soft-shelled turtles by a fasting-refeeding trial. The results showed that the level of KLF15 transcription was increased first and then decreased in muscle during short-term starvation, and the protein level was gradually increased. Both the mRNA and protein level of the KLF15 returned to normal feeding level after refeeding for 7 days. The changing trend of the activities of branched-chain aminotransferase (BCAT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was consistent to that of KLF15 mRNA, but at the transcription level, the expression of BCAT mRNA was consistent with the change of enzyme activity as well as ALT continued to increase in muscle under starvation. In addition, BCAA content showed a trend that decreased first and then increased under starvation, while the alanine (Ala) was the contrary. The above results indicated that the regulatory role of KLF15 in BCAA catabolism of muscle in Chinese soft-shelled turtles under nutritional deficiency, which might be activated the catabolism of BCAA in muscle to provide energy and maintain the homeostasis by KLF15-BACC signaling axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Yaxiong Pan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Lingsheng Bao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Yulong Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Congyi Cheng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Li Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China; Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China
| | - Jing Xiang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Jia Cheng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Jianshe Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Wuying Chu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China.
| | - Yudong Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li H, An X, Bao L, Li Y, Pan Y, He J, Liu L, Zhu X, Zhang J, Cheng J, Chu W. MiR-125a-3p-KLF15-BCAA Regulates the Skeletal Muscle Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism in Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) During Starvation. Front Genet 2020; 11:852. [PMID: 32849831 PMCID: PMC7431957 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) play a key role in the energy metabolism of the muscle tissue and the Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) as a transcription factor, which is a key regulator of BCAA metabolism in the skeletal muscle. This study assessed the effect of starvation for 0, 3, 7, and 15 days on BCAA metabolism in the skeletal muscle of Nile tilapia. The results showed that the expression of KLF15 showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing during starvation, as well as the expression and activity of branched-chain aminotransferase 2 (BCAT2) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). On the other hand, the content of BCAA was at first decreased and then upregulated, and it reached the lowest level after starvation for 3 days. In addition, through dual-luciferase reporter assay and injection experiments, it was found that KLF15 is the target gene of miR-125a-3p, which further verified that miR-125a-3p can regulate the BCAA metabolism by targeting KLF15 in the skeletal muscle. Thus, our work investigated the possible mechanisms of BCAA metabolism adapting to nutritional deficiency in the skeletal muscle of Nile tilapia and illustrated the regulation of BCAA metabolism through the miR-125a-3p-KLF15-BCAA pathway in the skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling An
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingsheng Bao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Yulong Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaxiong Pan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinggang He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Liu
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Zhu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianshe Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Cheng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Wuying Chu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Primary cilia mediate Klf2-dependant Notch activation in regenerating heart. Protein Cell 2020; 11:433-445. [PMID: 32249387 PMCID: PMC7251007 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-020-00695-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike adult mammalian heart, zebrafish heart has a remarkable capacity to regenerate after injury. Previous study has shown Notch signaling activation in the endocardium is essential for regeneration of the myocardium and this activation is mediated by hemodynamic alteration after injury, however, the molecular mechanism has not been fully explored. In this study we demonstrated that blood flow change could be perceived and transmitted in a primary cilia dependent manner to control the hemodynamic responsive klf2 gene expression and subsequent activation of Notch signaling in the endocardium. First we showed that both homologues of human gene KLF2 in zebrafish, klf2a and klf2b, could respond to hemodynamic alteration and both were required for Notch signaling activation and heart regeneration. Further experiments indicated that the upregulation of klf2 gene expression was mediated by endocardial primary cilia. Overall, our findings reveal a novel aspect of mechanical shear stress signal in activating Notch pathway and regulating cardiac regeneration.
Collapse
|
11
|
Saddala MS, Lennikov A, Bouras A, Huang H. RNA-Seq reveals differential expression profiles and functional annotation of genes involved in retinal degeneration in Pde6c mutant Danio rerio. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:132. [PMID: 32033529 PMCID: PMC7006399 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6550-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal degenerative diseases affect millions of people and represent the leading cause of vision loss around the world. Retinal degeneration has been attributed to a wide variety of causes, such as disruption of genes involved in phototransduction, biosynthesis, folding of the rhodopsin molecule, and the structural support of the retina. The molecular pathogenesis of the biological events in retinal degeneration is unclear; however, the molecular basis of the retinal pathological defect can be potentially determined by gene-expression profiling of the whole retina. In the present study, we analyzed the differential gene expression profile of the retina from a wild-type zebrafish and phosphodiesterase 6c (pde6c) mutant. RESULTS The datasets were downloaded from the Sequence Read Archive (SRA), and adaptors and unbiased bases were removed, and sequences were checked to ensure the quality. The reads were further aligned to the reference genome of zebrafish, and the gene expression was calculated. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were filtered based on the log fold change (logFC) (±4) and p-values (p < 0.001). We performed gene annotation (molecular function [MF], biological process [BP], cellular component [CC]), and determined the functional pathways Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway for the DEGs. Our result showed 216 upregulated and 3527 downregulated genes between normal and pde6c mutant zebrafish. These DEGs are involved in various KEGG pathways, such as the phototransduction (12 genes), mRNA surveillance (17 genes), phagosome (25 genes), glycolysis/gluconeogenesis (15 genes), adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes (29 genes), ribosome (20 genes), the citrate cycle (TCA cycle; 8 genes), insulin signaling (24 genes), oxidative phosphorylation (20 genes), and RNA transport (22 genes) pathways. Many more of all the pathway genes were down-regulated, while fewer were up-regulated in the retina of pde6c mutant zebrafish. CONCLUSIONS Our data strongly indicate that, among these genes, the above-mentioned pathways' genes as well as calcium-binding, neural damage, peptidase, immunological, and apoptosis proteins are mostly involved in the retinal and neural degeneration that cause abnormalities in photoreceptors or retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Sudhana Saddala
- School of Medicine, Department Ophthalmology, Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri-Columbia, One Hospital Drive, MA102C, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anton Lennikov
- School of Medicine, Department Ophthalmology, Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri-Columbia, One Hospital Drive, MA102C, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adam Bouras
- School of Medicine, Department Ophthalmology, Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri-Columbia, One Hospital Drive, MA102C, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Hu Huang
- School of Medicine, Department Ophthalmology, Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri-Columbia, One Hospital Drive, MA102C, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang Y, Liu X, Xie B, Yuan H, Zhang Y, Zhu J. The NOTCH1-dependent HIF1α/VGLL4/IRF2BP2 oxygen sensing pathway triggers erythropoiesis terminal differentiation. Redox Biol 2020; 28:101313. [PMID: 31539803 PMCID: PMC6812007 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is widely considered as a limiting factor in vertebrate embryonic development, which requires adequate oxygen delivery for efficient energy metabolism, while nowadays some researches have revealed that hypoxia can induce stem cells so as to improve embryonic development. Erythroid differentiation is the oxygen delivery method employed by vertebrates at the very early step of embryo development, however, the mechanism how erythroid progenitor cell was triggered into mature erythrocyte is still not clear. In this study, after detecting the upregulation of vgll4b in response to oxygen levels, we generated vgll4b mutant zebrafish using CRISPR/Cas9, and verified the resulting impaired heme and dysfunctional erythroid terminal differentiation phenotype. Neither the vgll4b-deficient nor the γ-secretase inhibitor IX (DAPT)-adapted zebrafish were able to mediate HIF1α-induced heme generation. In addition, we showed that vgll4b mutant zebrafish were associated with an impaired erythroid phenotype, induced by the downregulation of alas2, which could be rescued by irf2bp2 depletion. Further mechanistic studies revealed that zebrafish VGLL4 sequesters IRF2BP2, thereby inhibiting its repression of alas2 expression and heme biosynthesis. These processes occur primarily via the VGLL4 TDU1 and IRF2BP2 ring finger domains. Our study also indicates that VGLL4 is a key player in the mediation of NOTCH1-dependent HIF1α-regulated erythropoiesis and can be sensitively regulated by oxygen concentrations. On the other hand, VGLL4 is a pivotal regulator of heme biosynthesis and erythroid terminal differentiation, which collectively improve oxygen metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqin Wang
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Baoshu Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hao Yuan
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yiyue Zhang
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jun Zhu
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Université de Paris 7/INSERM/CNRS UMR 944/7212, Equipe Labellisée No. 11 Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
miR-141-3p affects apoptosis and migration of endometrial stromal cells by targeting KLF-12. Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:1055-1063. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02283-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
14
|
Rasouli SJ, El-Brolosy M, Tsedeke AT, Bensimon-Brito A, Ghanbari P, Maischein HM, Kuenne C, Stainier DY. The flow responsive transcription factor Klf2 is required for myocardial wall integrity by modulating Fgf signaling. eLife 2018; 7:e38889. [PMID: 30592462 PMCID: PMC6329608 DOI: 10.7554/elife.38889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex interplay between cardiac tissues is crucial for their integrity. The flow responsive transcription factor KLF2, which is expressed in the endocardium, is vital for cardiovascular development but its exact role remains to be defined. To this end, we mutated both klf2 paralogues in zebrafish, and while single mutants exhibit no obvious phenotype, double mutants display a novel phenotype of cardiomyocyte extrusion towards the abluminal side. This extrusion requires cardiac contractility and correlates with the mislocalization of N-cadherin from the lateral to the apical side of cardiomyocytes. Transgenic rescue data show that klf2 expression in endothelium, but not myocardium, prevents this cardiomyocyte extrusion phenotype. Transcriptome analysis of klf2 mutant hearts reveals that Fgf signaling is affected, and accordingly, we find that inhibition of Fgf signaling in wild-type animals can lead to abluminal cardiomyocyte extrusion. These studies provide new insights into how Klf2 regulates cardiovascular development and specifically myocardial wall integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Javad Rasouli
- Department of Developmental GeneticsMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Mohamed El-Brolosy
- Department of Developmental GeneticsMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Ayele Taddese Tsedeke
- Department of Developmental GeneticsMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Anabela Bensimon-Brito
- Department of Developmental GeneticsMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Parisa Ghanbari
- Department of Cardiac Development and RemodelingMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Hans-Martin Maischein
- Department of Developmental GeneticsMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Carsten Kuenne
- Bioinformatics Core UnitMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Didier Y Stainier
- Department of Developmental GeneticsMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sun Y, Liu J, Wang B, Liu X, Du X, Liu Y, Zhang Q. Klf4 could be activated by Pou5f3/Stat3 to induce the expression of Nanog in Japanese flounder. Gene 2018; 687:56-63. [PMID: 30447341 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (Klf4) is a zinc finger protein transcription factor of the KLF family and plays an important role in various important biological process, including cell proliferation, differentiation, embryonic development, and cancer formation. In this study, the full length Klf4 cDNA sequence of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) was analyzed. Phylogenetic, gene structure, and synteny analysis revealed that PoKlf4 was conserved to that of teleost. Transcript of PoKlf4 showed that its expression was high during early embryonic development but reduced when gastrulation began, thus indicating its possible role in embryonic development. Tissue expression pattern showed that PoKlf4 was expressed higher in ovaries than in testes. ISH revealed that PoKlf4 was also expressed in spermatogonium, oocytes, and oogonia and in high levels in epithelial and lamellar epithelial cells of gills. Functional characterization of PoKlf4 gene promoter provided valuable information in understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms of PoKlf4 gene. PoKlf4 could up-regulate Nanog, a gene that prevents ES cells from differentiating and being up-regulated by Pou5f3 and Stat3 genes that could maintain ES cell self-renewal. These results suggested that PoKlf4 maintains the pluripotency of ES cells. This study provides valuable information in exploring the regulatory network of PoKlf4 and lays the foundation for further research on the function of this gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jinxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiumei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xinxin Du
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yuxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Akthar IST, Pichiah PBT, Arunachalam S, Raja S. Adriamycin inhibits embryonic development in zebrafish through downregulation of Kruppel-like factor4. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 33:e22235. [PMID: 30286259 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adriamycin is an effective anticancer drug used in a wide range of cancers. Anticancer drugs modulate oncogenes and nodal regulatory molecules that affect cell differentiation and organismal development. In this study, we explore the effect of adriamycin on Kruppel-like factor4 (Klf4), an essential pluripotent factor by choosing zebrafish embryos as a model system. Klf4 is involved in the regulation of cellular growth, proliferation, and differentiation. In zebrafish embryogenesis, Klf4 is a major regulator of differentiation of polster in the anterior mesendoderm region of cells into hatching gland cells. The importance of this study is to check the effect of adriamycin on embryonic development. We found, adriamycin dose dependently altered the gene expression level of Klf4 that occurs in parallel to its detrimental effect on hatching. Supportively, cathepsin L and cyclase-associated protein1 are the other two markers of hatching that are altered along with Klf4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Syeda Thabassum Akthar
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - P B Tirupathi Pichiah
- Department of Animal Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sankarganesh Arunachalam
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sudhakaran Raja
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gore AV, Pillay LM, Venero Galanternik M, Weinstein BM. The zebrafish: A fintastic model for hematopoietic development and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2018; 7:e312. [PMID: 29436122 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a complex process with a variety of different signaling pathways influencing every step of blood cell formation from the earliest precursors to final differentiated blood cell types. Formation of blood cells is crucial for survival. Blood cells carry oxygen, promote organ development and protect organs in different pathological conditions. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are responsible for generating all adult differentiated blood cells. Defects in HSPCs or their downstream lineages can lead to anemia and other hematological disorders including leukemia. The zebrafish has recently emerged as a powerful vertebrate model system to study hematopoiesis. The developmental processes and molecular mechanisms involved in zebrafish hematopoiesis are conserved with higher vertebrates, and the genetic and experimental accessibility of the fish and the optical transparency of its embryos and larvae make it ideal for in vivo analysis of hematopoietic development. Defects in zebrafish hematopoiesis reliably phenocopy human blood disorders, making it a highly attractive model system to screen small molecules to design therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize the key developmental processes and molecular mechanisms of zebrafish hematopoiesis. We also discuss recent findings highlighting the strengths of zebrafish as a model system for drug discovery against hematopoietic disorders. This article is categorized under: Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Stem Cell Differentiation and Reversion Vertebrate Organogenesis > Musculoskeletal and Vascular Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: Regional Development Comparative Development and Evolution > Organ System Comparisons Between Species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aniket V Gore
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Laura M Pillay
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marina Venero Galanternik
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shao M, Ge GZ, Liu WJ, Xiao J, Xia HJ, Fan Y, Zhao F, He BL, Chen C. Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Krüppel-like transcription factor (KLF) gene family in tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri chinensis). Oncotarget 2017; 8:16325-16339. [PMID: 28032601 PMCID: PMC5369966 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are a family of zinc finger transcription factors regulating embryonic development and diseases. The phylogenetics of KLFs has not been studied in tree shrews, an animal lineage with a closer relationship to primates than rodents. Here, we identified 17 KLFs from Chinese tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis). KLF proteins are highly conserved among humans, monkeys, rats, mice and tree shrews compared to zebrafish and chickens. The CtBP binding site, Sin3A binding site and nuclear localization signals are largely conserved between tree shrews and human beings. Tupaia belangeri (Tb) KLF5 contains several conserved post-transcriptional modification motifs. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression patterns of multiple tbKLFs are tissue-specific. TbKLF5, like hKLF5, significantly promotes NIH3T3 cell proliferation in vitro. These results provide insight for future studies regarding the structure and function of the tbKLF gene family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Guang-Zhe Ge
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wen-Jing Liu
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ji Xiao
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hou-Jun Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Bao-Li He
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bou M, Montfort J, Le Cam A, Rallière C, Lebret V, Gabillard JC, Weil C, Gutiérrez J, Rescan PY, Capilla E, Navarro I. Gene expression profile during proliferation and differentiation of rainbow trout adipocyte precursor cells. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:347. [PMID: 28472935 PMCID: PMC5418865 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3728-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive accumulation of adipose tissue in cultured fish is an outstanding problem in aquaculture. To understand the development of adiposity, it is crucial to identify the genes which expression is associated with adipogenic differentiation. Therefore, the transcriptomic profile at different time points (days 3, 8, 15 and 21) along primary culture development of rainbow trout preadipocytes has been investigated using an Agilent trout oligo microarray. RESULTS Our analysis identified 4026 genes differentially expressed (fold-change >3) that were divided into two major clusters corresponding to the main phases observed during the preadipocyte culture: proliferation and differentiation. Proliferation cluster comprised 1028 genes up-regulated from days 3 to 8 of culture meanwhile the differentiation cluster was characterized by 2140 induced genes from days 15 to 21. Proliferation was characterized by enrichment in genes involved in basic cellular and metabolic processes (transcription, ribosome biogenesis, translation and protein folding), cellular remodelling and autophagy. In addition, the implication of the eicosanoid signalling pathway was highlighted during this phase. On the other hand, the terminal differentiation phase was enriched with genes involved in energy production, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Moreover, during this phase an enrichment in genes involved in the formation of the lipid droplets was evidenced as well as the activation of the thyroid-receptor/retinoic X receptor (TR/RXR) and the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) signalling pathways. The whole adipogenic process was driven by a coordinated activation of transcription factors and epigenetic modulators. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study demonstrates the coordinated expression of functionally related genes during proliferation and differentiation of rainbow trout adipocyte cells. Furthermore, the information generated will allow future investigations of specific genes involved in particular stages of fish adipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bou
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Present address: Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Research), P.O. Box 210, N-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Jerôme Montfort
- INRA, UR1037 Laboratory of Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, F-35042, France
| | - Aurélie Le Cam
- INRA, UR1037 Laboratory of Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, F-35042, France
| | - Cécile Rallière
- INRA, UR1037 Laboratory of Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, F-35042, France
| | - Véronique Lebret
- INRA, UR1037 Laboratory of Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, F-35042, France
| | - Jean-Charles Gabillard
- INRA, UR1037 Laboratory of Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, F-35042, France
| | - Claudine Weil
- INRA, UR1037 Laboratory of Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, F-35042, France
| | - Joaquim Gutiérrez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pierre-Yves Rescan
- INRA, UR1037 Laboratory of Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, F-35042, France
| | - Encarnación Capilla
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Navarro
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lu XJ, Chen Q, Chen J, Chen J. Molecular identification and functional analysis of KLF2 in Plecoglossus altivelis (ayu): It's regulatory role in monocyte/macrophage activation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 62:257-264. [PMID: 28130078 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Monocytes/macrophages (MO/MФ) play an important role in the response to infection in Plecoglossus altivelis (ayu). However, the role of transcription factors in the function of ayu MO/MФ is poorly understood. Here, we cloned the cDNA sequence of the Kruppel-like factor 2 (PaKLF2) gene from ayu. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that PaKLF2 was closest to that of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) revealed that the PaKLF2 mRNA level was highest in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells among all tested tissues. The mRNA expression of PaKLF2 was upregulated in the head kidney, liver, spleen, and brain after Listonella anguillarum infection. Subsequently, PaKLF2 was expressed and purified to prepare anti-PaKLF2 antibodies. After L. anguillarum challenge, the PaKLF2 mRNA and protein levels were significantly upregulated in ayu MO/MФ. Moreover, PaKLF2 knockdown in MO/MФ resulted in the enhancement of cytokine production as well as phagocytotic and bactericidal capability. Therefore, PaKLF2 may modulate the immune response in ayu by suppressing the function of MO/MФ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jiang Lu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Akhter A, Kumagai RI, Roy SR, Ii S, Tokumoto M, Hossain B, Wang J, Klangnurak W, Miyazaki T, Tokumoto T. Generation of Transparent Zebrafish with Fluorescent Ovaries: A Living Visible Model for Reproductive Biology. Zebrafish 2016; 13:155-60. [PMID: 26914666 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2015.1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transparent zebrafish enables researchers to study the morphology and distribution of cells and tissues in vivo. To capture the dynamic processes of germ cell proliferation and juvenile ovarian development in zebrafish in vivo, we established transgenic (TG) lines to allow us to monitor the changes in the ovaries of living fish. The original transgenic line with ovarian fluorescence was occasionally established. Although the cDNA integrated in the strain was constructed for the expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) driven by the medaka β-actin promoter, expression of EGFP is restricted to the oocytes and gills in adult fish. Mutant strains with transparent bodies, roy and ruby, were isolated in zebrafish. In this study, we crossed the TG strain with fluorescent ovary with transparent strains and established the TG (β-actin:EGFP);ruby strain. The strain is highly transparent, and the oocytes are easily observed in living fish. We identified a fluorescent tissue that might contain the undifferentiated germ cells close to the cloaca in the strain. This strain can be used for analysis of ovarian development in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afroza Akhter
- 1 Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, National University Corporation, Shizuoka University , Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ryo-Ichi Kumagai
- 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, National University Corporation, Shizuoka University , Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shimi Rani Roy
- 1 Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, National University Corporation, Shizuoka University , Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Sanae Ii
- 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, National University Corporation, Shizuoka University , Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mika Tokumoto
- 3 CREST Research Project, Japan Science and Technology Corporation , Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Babul Hossain
- 1 Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, National University Corporation, Shizuoka University , Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Wang
- 1 Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, National University Corporation, Shizuoka University , Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Wanlada Klangnurak
- 1 Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, National University Corporation, Shizuoka University , Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takehiro Miyazaki
- 1 Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, National University Corporation, Shizuoka University , Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Tokumoto
- 1 Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, National University Corporation, Shizuoka University , Shizuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Suppresses Adipogenesis in Pig Intramuscular Fat Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 17:ijms17010011. [PMID: 26703591 PMCID: PMC4730258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) plays an important role in the treatment of disease associated with muscle insulin resistance which is characterized by various factors, such as intramuscular triglyceride (IMT) content. Studies have also shown that FGF21 inhibits triglyceride synthesis in vivo. However, the precise mechanism whereby FGF21 regulates triglyceride metabolism in intramuscular fat (IMF), which may influence the muscle insulin sensitivity, is not clearly understood. In order to understand the role of FGF21 in IMF deposition, we performed FGF21 overexpression in IMF cells by stable transfection. Our results showed that FGF21 inhibited the key adipogenesis gene mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (CEBP) family by reducing lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) expression which led to significant decline in lipid accumulation, and the result was confirmed by Western blot. Moreover, triggered by FGF21, parts of the adipokines—fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), adiponectin (ADIPOQ), and perilipin (PLIN1)—were also down-regulated. Furthermore, FGF21 gene expression was suppressed by transcription factor CEBP beta (CEBPB) which contributed strongly to triglyceride synthesis. Taken together, our study is the first to experimentally demonstrate FGF21 emerging as an efficient blockade of adipogenesis in IMF, thus also providing a new understanding of the mechanism whereby FGF21 improves insulin sensitivity.
Collapse
|
23
|
Novodvorsky P, Watson O, Gray C, Wilkinson RN, Reeve S, Smythe C, Beniston R, Plant K, Maguire R, M. K. Rothman A, Elworthy S, van Eeden FJM, Chico TJA. klf2ash317 Mutant Zebrafish Do Not Recapitulate Morpholino-Induced Vascular and Haematopoietic Phenotypes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141611. [PMID: 26506092 PMCID: PMC4624238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction and Objectives The zinc-finger transcription factor Krϋppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) transduces blood flow into molecular signals responsible for a wide range of responses within the vasculature. KLF2 maintains a healthy, quiescent endothelial phenotype. Previous studies report a range of phenotypes following morpholino antisense oligonucleotide-induced klf2a knockdown in zebrafish. Targeted genome editing is an increasingly applied method for functional assessment of candidate genes. We therefore generated a stable klf2a mutant zebrafish and characterised its cardiovascular and haematopoietic development. Methods and Results Using Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALEN) we generated a klf2a mutant (klf2ash317) with a 14bp deletion leading to a premature stop codon in exon 2. Western blotting confirmed loss of wild type Klf2a protein and the presence of a truncated protein in klf2ash317 mutants. Homozygous klf2ash317 mutants exhibit no defects in vascular patterning, survive to adulthood and are fertile, without displaying previously described morphant phenotypes such as high-output cardiac failure, reduced haematopoetic stem cell (HSC) development or impaired formation of the 5th accessory aortic arch. Homozygous klf2ash317 mutation did not reduce angiogenesis in zebrafish with homozygous mutations in von Hippel Lindau (vhl), a form of angiogenesis that is dependent on blood flow. We examined expression of three klf family members in wildtype and klf2ash317 zebrafish. We detected vascular expression of klf2b (but not klf4a or biklf/klf4b/klf17) in wildtypes but found no differences in expression that might account for the lack of phenotype in klf2ash317 mutants. klf2b morpholino knockdown did not affect heart rate or impair formation of the 5th accessory aortic arch in either wildtypes or klf2ash317 mutants. Conclusions The klf2ash317 mutation produces a truncated Klf2a protein but, unlike morpholino induced klf2a knockdown, does not affect cardiovascular development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Novodvorsky
- The Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Watson
- The Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Gray
- The Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Robert N. Wilkinson
- The Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Scott Reeve
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Carl Smythe
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Beniston
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Plant
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Maguire
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stone Elworthy
- The Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Fredericus J. M. van Eeden
- The Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J. A. Chico
- The Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gao Y, Cao Q, Lu L, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Dong X, Jia W, Cao Y. Kruppel-like factor family genes are expressed during Xenopus embryogenesis and involved in germ layer formation and body axis patterning. Dev Dyn 2015. [PMID: 26198170 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kruppel-like factors (Klfs) are a family of transcription factors consisting of 17 members in mammals, Klf1-Klf17, which are involved in fundamental cellular physiological procedures, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. However, their functions in embryonic development have been poorly understood. Our previous study has demonstrated that the pluripotency factor Klf4 participates in germ layer formation and axis patterning of Xenopus embryos by means of the regulation of key developmental signals. In the present study, we further investigated comprehensively the expression and functions of the klf family genes, klf2, klf5, klf6, klf7, klf8, klf11, klf15, and klf17, during the embryogenesis of Xenopus laevis. RESULTS Spatio-temporal expression analyses demonstrate that these genes are transcribed both maternally and zygotically in Xenopus embryos, and during organogenesis and tissue differentiation, they are localized to a variety of placodes and tissues. Gain and loss of function studies manifest that Klf factors play different roles in germ layer formation and body axis patterning. Moreover, each Klf factor exhibits distinct regulatory effects on the expression of genes that are essential for germ layer formation and body axis patterning. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Klf factors are involved in the fine-tuning of these genes during early embryogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Cao
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Lu
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuena Zhang
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing, China
| | - Zan Zhang
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohua Dong
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenshuang Jia
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Palencia-Desai S, Rost MS, Schumacher JA, Ton QV, Craig MP, Baltrunaite K, Koenig AL, Wang J, Poss KD, Chi NC, Stainier DYR, Sumanas S. Myocardium and BMP signaling are required for endocardial differentiation. Development 2015; 142:2304-15. [PMID: 26092845 DOI: 10.1242/dev.118687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Endocardial and myocardial progenitors originate in distinct regions of the anterior lateral plate mesoderm and migrate to the midline where they coalesce to form the cardiac tube. Endocardial progenitors acquire a molecular identity distinct from other vascular endothelial cells and initiate expression of specific genes such as nfatc1. Yet the molecular pathways and tissue interactions involved in establishing endocardial identity are poorly understood. The endocardium develops in tight association with cardiomyocytes. To test for a potential role of the myocardium in endocardial morphogenesis, we used two different zebrafish models deficient in cardiomyocytes: the hand2 mutant and a myocardial-specific genetic ablation method. We show that in hand2 mutants endocardial progenitors migrate to the midline but fail to assemble into a cardiac cone and do not express markers of differentiated endocardium. Endocardial differentiation defects were rescued by myocardial but not endocardial-specific expression of hand2. In metronidazole-treated myl7:nitroreductase embryos, myocardial cells were targeted for apoptosis, which resulted in the loss of endocardial nfatc1 expression. However, endocardial cells were present and retained expression of general vascular endothelial markers. We further identified bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) as a candidate myocardium-derived signal required for endocardial differentiation. Chemical and genetic inhibition of BMP signaling at the tailbud stage resulted in severe inhibition of endocardial differentiation while there was little effect on myocardial development. Heat-shock-induced bmp2b expression rescued endocardial nfatc1 expression in hand2 mutants and in myocardium-depleted embryos. Our results indicate that the myocardium is crucial for endocardial morphogenesis and differentiation, and identify BMP as a signal involved in endocardial differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharina Palencia-Desai
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Megan S Rost
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jennifer A Schumacher
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Quynh V Ton
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Michael P Craig
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kristina Baltrunaite
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Andrew L Koenig
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jinhu Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Department of Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Neil C Chi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Saulius Sumanas
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dobrivojević M, Habek N, Kapuralin K, Ćurlin M, Gajović S. Krüppel-like transcription factor 8 (Klf8) is expressed and active in the neurons of the mouse brain. Gene 2015; 570:132-40. [PMID: 26071188 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Krüppel-like transcription factor 8 (KLF8) is a transcription factor suggested to be involved in various cellular events, including malignant cell transformation, still its expression in the adult rodent brain remained unknown. To analyze Klf8 in the mouse brain and to identify cell types expressing it, a specific transgenic Klf8(Gt1Gaj) mouse was used. The resulting Klf8 gene-driven β-galactosidase activity was visualized by X-gal histochemical staining of the brain sections. The obtained results were complemented by in situ RNA hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Klf8 was highly expressed throughout the adult mouse brain gray matter including the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, pallidum, and striatum, but not in the cerebellum. Immunofluorescent double-labeling revealed that KLF8-immunoreactive cells were neurons, and the staining was located in their nucleus. This was the first study showing that Klf8 was highly expressed in various regions of the mouse brain and in particular in the neurons, where it was localized in the cell nuclei.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Dobrivojević
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Habek
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Kapuralin
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Ćurlin
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Srećko Gajović
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Genome-wide analysis of the zebrafish Klf family identifies two genes important for erythroid maturation. Dev Biol 2015; 403:115-27. [PMID: 26015096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Krüppel-like transcription factors (Klfs), each of which contains a CACCC-box binding domain, have been investigated in a variety of developmental processes, such as angiogenesis, neurogenesis and somatic-cell reprogramming. However, the function and molecular mechanism by which the Klf family acts during developmental hematopoiesis remain elusive. Here, we report identification of 24 Klf family genes in zebrafish using bioinformatics. Gene expression profiling shows that 6 of these genes are expressed in blood and/or vascular endothelial cells during embryogenesis. Loss of function of 2 factors (klf3 or klf6a) leads to a decreased number of mature erythrocytes. Molecular studies indicate that both Klf3 and Klf6a are essential for erythroid cell differentiation and maturation but that these two proteins function in distinct manners. We find that Klf3 inhibits the expression of ferric-chelate reductase 1b (frrs1b), thereby promoting the maturation of erythroid cells, whereas Klf6a controls the erythroid cell cycle by negatively regulating cdkn1a expression to determine the rate of red blood cell proliferation. Taken together, our study provides a global view of the Klf family members that contribute to hematopoiesis in zebrafish and sheds new light on the function and molecular mechanism by which Klf3 and Klf6a act during erythropoiesis in vertebrates.
Collapse
|
28
|
Zebrafish as a model for leukemia and other hematopoietic disorders. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:29. [PMID: 25884214 PMCID: PMC4389495 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-015-0126-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish is an established model for the study of vertebrate development, and is especially amenable for investigating hematopoiesis, where there is strong conservation of key lineages, genes, and developmental processes with humans. Over recent years, zebrafish has been increasingly utilized as a model for a range of human hematopoietic diseases, including malignancies. This review provides an overview of zebrafish hematopoiesis and describes its application as a model of leukemia and other hematopoietic disorders.
Collapse
|
29
|
Ellis LD, Soo EC, Achenbach JC, Morash MG, Soanes KH. Use of the zebrafish larvae as a model to study cigarette smoke condensate toxicity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115305. [PMID: 25526262 PMCID: PMC4272283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The smoking of tobacco continues to be the leading cause of premature death worldwide and is linked to the development of a number of serious illnesses including heart disease, respiratory diseases, stroke and cancer. Currently, cell line based toxicity assays are typically used to gain information on the general toxicity of cigarettes and other tobacco products. However, they provide little information regarding the complex disease-related changes that have been linked to smoking. The ethical concerns and high cost associated with mammalian studies have limited their widespread use for in vivo toxicological studies of tobacco. The zebrafish has emerged as a low-cost, high-throughput, in vivo model in the study of toxicology. In this study, smoke condensates from 2 reference cigarettes and 6 Canadian brands of cigarettes with different design features were assessed for acute, developmental, cardiac, and behavioural toxicity (neurotoxicity) in zebrafish larvae. By making use of this multifaceted approach we have developed an in vivo model with which to compare the toxicity profiles of smoke condensates from cigarettes with different design features. This model system may provide insights into the development of smoking related disease and could provide a cost-effective, high-throughput platform for the future evaluation of tobacco products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee D. Ellis
- National Research Council of Canada, Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3Z1, Canada
| | - Evelyn C. Soo
- Science Division, Office of Research and Surveillance, Controlled Substances and Tobacco Directorate, Health Canada, 150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada, Locator: A.L. 0301A
- * E-mail:
| | - John C. Achenbach
- National Research Council of Canada, Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3Z1, Canada
| | - Michael G. Morash
- National Research Council of Canada, Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3Z1, Canada
| | - Kelly H. Soanes
- National Research Council of Canada, Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3Z1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wu D, Chen L, Sun Q, Wu X, Jia S, Meng A. Uracil-DNA glycosylase is involved in DNA demethylation and required for embryonic development in the zebrafish embryo. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:15463-73. [PMID: 24739389 PMCID: PMC4140902 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.561019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Uracil-DNA glycosylase (Ung) is a component of the base excision repair process and has the ability to remove uracil from U:G mispairs in DNA. However, its implications in development of vertebrate embryos are poorly understood. In this study, we found that zebrafish uracil-DNA glycosylase a (Unga) is maternally expressed at high levels and accumulated in nuclei during cleavage and blastulation periods. Knockdown of unga in zebrafish embryos causes an increase of the global DNA methylation level concomitantly with a reduction of overall transcriptional activity in the nucleus, ultimately resulting in embryonic lethality during segmentation period. Conversely, unga overexpression is sufficient to reduce the global DNA methylation level, to increase H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 marks, and to activate genome transcription. Furthermore, overexpression of unga(D132A) mRNA, encoding a mutant Unga without DNA glycosylase activity, does not affect global DNA methylation level, indicating that its involvement in DNA demethylation is dependent on its glycosylase activity. These results together suggest that Unga is implicated in postfertilization genomic DNA demethylation, zygotic gene transcription, and normal embryonic development in zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- From the State-Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Engineering, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Luxi Chen
- From the State-Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Engineering, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qingrui Sun
- From the State-Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Engineering, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaotong Wu
- From the State-Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Engineering, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shunji Jia
- From the State-Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Engineering, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Anming Meng
- From the State-Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Engineering, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
A Pou5f1/Oct4 dependent Klf2a, Klf2b, and Klf17 regulatory sub-network contributes to EVL and ectoderm development during zebrafish embryogenesis. Dev Biol 2014; 385:433-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
32
|
Novodvorsky P, Chico TJ. The Role of the Transcription Factor KLF2 in Vascular Development and Disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2014; 124:155-88. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386930-2.00007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
33
|
Pei J, Grishin NV. A new family of predicted Krüppel-like factor genes and pseudogenes in placental mammals. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81109. [PMID: 24244731 PMCID: PMC3820594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factors (KLF) and specificity proteins (SP) constitute a family of zinc-finger-containing transcription factors that play important roles in a wide range of processes including differentiation and development of various tissues. The human genome possesses 17 KLF genes (KLF1-KLF17) and nine SP genes (SP1-SP9) with diverse functions. We used sequence similarity searches and gene synteny analysis to identify a new putative KLF gene/pseudogene named KLF18 that is present in most of the placental mammals with sequenced genomes. KLF18 is a chromosomal neighbor of the KLF17 gene and is likely a product of its duplication. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that mammalian predicted KLF18 proteins and KLF17 proteins experienced elevated rates of evolution and are grouped with KLF1/KLF2/KLF4 and non-mammalian KLF17. Predicted KLF18 proteins maintain conserved features in the zinc fingers of the SP/KLF family, while possessing repeats of a unique sequence motif in their N-terminal regions. No expression data have been reported for KLF18, suggesting that it either has highly restricted expression patterns and specialized functions, or could have become a pseudogene in extant placental mammals. Besides KLF18 genes/pseudogenes, we identified several KLF18-like genes such as Zfp352, Zfp352-like, and Zfp353 in the genomes of mouse and rat. These KLF18-like genes do not possess introns inside their coding regions, and gene expression data indicate that some of them may function in early embryonic development. They represent further expansions of KLF members in the murine lineage, most likely resulted from several events of retrotransposition and local gene duplication starting from an ancient spliced mRNA of KLF18.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Pei
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Nick V. Grishin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Warga RM, Mueller RL, Ho RK, Kane DA. Zebrafish Tbx16 regulates intermediate mesoderm cell fate by attenuating Fgf activity. Dev Biol 2013; 383:75-89. [PMID: 24008197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Progenitors of the zebrafish pronephros, red blood and trunk endothelium all originate from the ventral mesoderm and often share lineage with one another, suggesting that their initial patterning is linked. Previous studies have shown that spadetail (spt) mutant embryos, defective in tbx16 gene function, fail to produce red blood cells, but retain the normal number of endothelial and pronephric cells. We report here that spt mutants are deficient in all the types of early blood, have fewer endothelial cells as well as far more pronephric cells compared to wildtype. In vivo cell tracing experiments reveal that blood and endothelium originate in spt mutants almost exclusive from the dorsal mesoderm whereas, pronephros and tail originate from both dorsal and ventral mesoderm. Together these findings suggest possible defects in posterior patterning. In accord with this, gene expression analysis shows that mesodermal derivatives within the trunk and tail of spt mutants have acquired more posterior identity. Secreted signaling molecules belonging to the Fgf, Wnt and Bmp families have been implicated as patterning factors of the posterior mesoderm. Further investigation demonstrates that Fgf and Wnt signaling are elevated throughout the nonaxial region of the spt gastrula. By manipulating Fgf signaling we show that Fgfs both promote pronephric fate and repress blood and endothelial fate. We conclude that Tbx16 plays an important role in regulating the balance of intermediate mesoderm fates by attenuating Fgf activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Warga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA; Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, 1027 East, 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cao Y. Regulation of germ layer formation by pluripotency factors during embryogenesis. Cell Biosci 2013; 3:15. [PMID: 23497659 PMCID: PMC3602094 DOI: 10.1186/2045-3701-3-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The classical pluripotency factors Oct4, Klf4, Sox2, and Nanog are required for the maintenance of pluripotency and self-renewal of embryonic stem (ES) cells and can reprogram terminally differentiated cells into a pluripotent state. Alteration in the levels of these factors in ES cells will cause differentiation into different lineages, suggesting that they are critical determinants of cell fates. These factors show dynamic expression patterns during embryogenesis, in particular in the pluripotent or multipotent cells of an early stage embryo, implying that they are involved in the cell fate decision during early embryonic development. Functions and the underlying molecular mechanisms have been extensively studied for these factors in ES cells under cultured conditions. However, this does not mean that the results also hold true for intact embryos. In the review, I have summarized and discussed the findings on the functions and the underlying mechanisms of the classical pluripotency factors during early embryogenesis, in particular during germ layer formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cao
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing, 210061, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Shen X, Hu Y, Jiang Y, Liu H, Zhu L, Jin X, Shan H, Zhen X, Sun L, Yan G, Sun H. Krüppel-like factor 12 negatively regulates human endometrial stromal cell decidualization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 433:11-7. [PMID: 23458459 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Members of the KLFs family of transcription factors play roles in maternal endometrium development during embryo implantation. However, the specific role of KLF12 in endometrium development has not yet been described. In this study, we showed that KLF12 expression in human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) was significantly decreased after decidualization stimulated by 8-Br-cAMP and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). The adenovirus-mediated overexpression of KLF12 in HESCs significantly repressed the expression and secretion of decidualization biomarker genes and their products decidual prolactin (PRL) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) induced by 8-Br-cAMP and MPA. Moreover, CHIP and luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that KLF12 bound to a CAGTGGG element within the decidual prolactin promoter and decreased decidual PRL promoter (dPRL/-2000Luc) activation in a sequence-specific manner. Taken together, these findings suggest KLF12 is a negative regulator of human endometrial stromal cell decidualization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Shen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Erythrocytes contain oxygen-carrying hemoglobin to all body cells. Impairments in the generation of erythrocytes, a process known as erythropoiesis, or in hemoglobin synthesis alter cell function because of decreased oxygen supply and lead to anemic diseases. Thus, understanding how erythropoiesis is regulated during embryogenesis and adulthood is important to develop novel therapies for anemia. The zebrafish, Danio rerio, provides a powerful model for such study. Their small size and the ability to generate a large number of embryos enable large-scale analysis, and their transparency facilitates the visualization of erythroid cell migration. Importantly, the high conservation of hematopoietic genes among vertebrates and the ability to successfully transplant hematopoietic cells into fish have enabled the establishment of models of human anemic diseases in fish. In this review, we summarize the current progress in our understanding of erythropoiesis on the basis of zebrafish studies and highlight fish models of human anemias. These analyses could enable the discovery of novel drugs as future therapies.
Collapse
|
38
|
Urtasun R, Cubero FJ, Nieto N. Oxidative stress modulates KLF6Full and its splice variants. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2012; 36:1851-62. [PMID: 22486562 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01798.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a central mechanism in alcohol hepatotoxicity. Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6), a transcription factor and a tumor-suppressor gene, is an early-responsive gene to injury; however, the effect of ROS and alcohol on KLF6 induction is unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the contribution of 2 sources of ROS, cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), and alcohol on the modulation of KLF6(Full) expression, splicing to KLF6_V1 and KLF6_V2, and the effect on TNFα, a downstream target. METHODS AND RESULTS Endogenous ROS production in CYP2E1-expressing HepG2 cells induced mRNA and protein expression of KLF6(Full) and its splice variants compared to control cells. Incubation with pro-oxidants such as arachidonic acid (AA), β-naphtoflavone, and H(2) O(2) further enhanced KLF6(Full) and its splice variants. The AA effects on KLF6(Full) and its splice forms were blocked by vitamin E-which prevents lipid peroxidation-and by diallylsulfide-a CYP2E1 inhibitor. Menadione and paraquat, 2 pro-oxidants metabolized via NQO1, induced KLF6(Full) mRNA in a thiol-dependent manner. Antioxidants and an NQO1 inhibitor suppressed the menadione-dependent increase in KLF6(Full) and its splice variants mRNA. Furthermore, primary hepatocytes and livers from chronic alcohol-fed rats, with elevated lipid peroxidation, H(2) O(2) and CYP2E1 but with low GSH, showed a ~2-fold increase in KLF6(Full) mRNA compared to controls. Inhibition of p38 phosphorylation further up-regulated the CYP2E1 and the AA effects on KLF6(Full) mRNA, whereas inhibition JNK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation decreased both. KLF6_V1 but not KLF6(Full) ablation markedly increased TNFα levels in macrophages; thus, TNFα emerges as a downstream target of KLF6_V1. CONCLUSIONS The novel effect of ROS on modulating KLF6(Full) expression and its splice variants could play a relevant role in liver injury and in TNFα regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Urtasun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bui A, Xiao R, Perveen Z, Kleinow K, Penn A. Zebrafish embryos sequester and retain petrochemical combustion products: developmental and transcriptome consequences. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 108:23-32. [PMID: 22055752 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish embryos are a model for studying effects of environmental stressors on development. Incomplete combustion of the environmentally relevant volatile petrochemical, 1,3-butadiene (BD) yields butadiene soot (BDS) nanoparticles, to which polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are adsorbed. In mammalian cells these PAHs are concentrated in lipid droplets and trigger up-regulation of biotransformation, oxidative stress and inflammatory genes. The present study was designed to determine whether: (a) PAH-rich BDS elicits alterations in zebrafish embryo development; (b) BDS-exposed zebrafish embryos sequester PAHs in select tissues; and (c) developmental abnormalities are correlated with altered gene expression patterns. 1-day old zebrafish embryos were exposed for 48 h to BDS (0, 6, 30 or 60 μg/ml) sprinkled on the water surface. PAH localization was tracked by fluorescence. Developmental responses (pericardial edema, yolk sac swelling, axial malformations) were monitored by microscopy. Gene expression changes were assessed by gene microarray and qRT-PCR. Our results show that PAHs localized with endogenous lipids in the yolk sac and in hatching gland cells. PAHs were retained at least 8 days after exposures ended. Dose-dependent pericardial and yolk sac edema and axial malformations were prominent and accompanied by up-regulation of biotransformation and oxidative stress gene cascades. Thus, zebrafish embryos should be useful for predicting the potential for developmental toxicity following exposure to PAH-rich petrochemical soots, e.g., those arising from attempts at oil spill remediation by combustion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allen Bui
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
A blood flow–dependent klf2a-NO signaling cascade is required for stabilization of hematopoietic stem cell programming in zebrafish embryos. Blood 2011; 118:4102-10. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-05-353235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Blood flow has long been thought to be important for vessel development and function, but its role in HSC development is not yet fully understood. Here, we take advantage of zebrafish embryos with circulation defects that retain relatively normal early development to illustrate the combinatorial roles of genetic and hemodynamic forces in HSC development. We show that blood flow is not required for initiation of HSC gene expression, but instead is indispensable for its maintenance. Knockdown of klf2a mimics the silent heart (sih/tnnt2a) phenotype while overexpression of klf2a in tnnt2a morphant embryos can rescue HSC defects, suggesting that klf2a is a downstream mediator of blood flow. Furthermore, the expression of NO synthase (nos) was reduced in klf2a knockdown embryos, and ChIP analysis showed that endogenous Klf2a is bound to the promoters of nos genes in vivo, indicating direct gene regulation. Finally, administration of the NO agonist S-nitroso N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) can restore HSC development in tnnt2a and klf2a morphants, suggesting that NO signaling is downstream of Klf2a which is induced by hemodynamic forces. Taken together, we have demonstrated that blood flow is essential for HSC development and is mediated by a klf2a-NO signaling cascade in zebrafish.
Collapse
|
41
|
Hinits Y, Williams VC, Sweetman D, Donn TM, Ma TP, Moens CB, Hughes SM. Defective cranial skeletal development, larval lethality and haploinsufficiency in Myod mutant zebrafish. Dev Biol 2011; 358:102-12. [PMID: 21798255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Myogenic regulatory factors of the myod family (MRFs) are transcription factors essential for mammalian skeletal myogenesis. Here we show that a mutation in the zebrafish myod gene delays and reduces early somitic and pectoral fin myogenesis, reduces miR-206 expression, and leads to a persistent reduction in somite size until at least the independent feeding stage. A mutation in myog, encoding a second MRF, has little obvious phenotype at early stages, but exacerbates the loss of somitic muscle caused by lack of Myod. Mutation of both myod and myf5 ablates all skeletal muscle. Haploinsufficiency of myod leads to reduced embryonic somite muscle bulk. Lack of Myod causes a severe reduction in cranial musculature, ablating most muscles including the protractor pectoralis, a putative cucullaris homologue. This phenotype is accompanied by a severe dysmorphology of the cartilaginous skeleton and failure of maturation of several cranial bones, including the opercle. As myod expression is restricted to myogenic cells, the data show that myogenesis is essential for proper skeletogenesis in the head.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaniv Hinits
- Randall Division for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Haddad O, Gumez L, Hawse JR, Subramaniam M, Spelsberg TC, Bensamoun SF. TIEG1-null tenocytes display age-dependent differences in their gene expression, adhesion, spreading and proliferation properties. Exp Cell Res 2011; 317:1726-35. [PMID: 21620830 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The remodeling of extracellular matrix is a crucial mechanism in tendon development and the proliferation of fibroblasts is a key factor in this process. The purpose of this study was to further elucidate the role of TIEG1 in mediating important tenocyte properties throughout the aging process. Wildtype and TIEG1 knockout tenocytes adhesion, spreading and proliferation were characterized on different substrates (fibronectin, collagen type I, gelatin and laminin) and the expression levels of various genes known to be involved with tendon development were analyzed by RT-PCR. The experiments revealed age-dependent and substrate-dependent properties for both wildtype and TIEG1 knockout tenocytes. Taken together, our results indicate an important role for TIEG1 in regulating tenocytes adhesion, spreading, and proliferation throughout the aging process. Understanding the basic mechanisms of TIEG1 in tenocytes may provide valuable information for treating multiple tendon disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oualid Haddad
- Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Bioingénierie UMR CNRS 6600, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sánchez-Sánchez AV, Camp E, Mullor JL. Fishing pluripotency mechanisms in vivo. Int J Biol Sci 2011; 7:410-7. [PMID: 21547058 PMCID: PMC3088283 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.7.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand the molecular mechanisms that regulate the biology of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) it is necessary to study how they behave in vivo in their natural environment. It is particularly important to study the roles and interactions of the different proteins involved in pluripotency and to use this knowledge for therapeutic purposes. The recent description of key pluripotency factors like Oct4 and Nanog in non-mammalian species has introduced other animal models, such as chicken, Xenopus, zebrafish and medaka, to the study of pluripotency in vivo. These animal models complement the mouse model and have provided new insights into the evolution of Oct4 and Nanog and their different functions during embryonic development. Furthermore, other pluripotency factors previously identified in teleost fish such as Klf4, STAT3, Sox2, telomerase and Tcf3 can now be studied in the context of a functional pluripotency network. The many experimental advantages of fish will fuel rapid analysis of the roles of pluripotency factors in fish embryonic development and the identification of new molecules and mechanisms governing pluripotency.
Collapse
|
44
|
Antin PB, Pier M, Sesepasara T, Yatskievych TA, Darnell DK. Embryonic expression of the chicken Krüppel-like (KLF) transcription factor gene family. Dev Dyn 2010; 239:1879-87. [PMID: 20503383 PMCID: PMC2925473 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The Krüppel-like transcription factors (KLF) are zinc finger proteins that activate and suppress target gene transcription. Although KLF factors have been implicated in regulating many developmental processes, a comprehensive gene expression analysis has not been reported. Here we present the chicken KLF gene family and expression during the first five days of embryonic development. Fourteen chicken KLF genes or expressed sequences have been previously identified. Through synteny analysis and cDNA mapping, we have identified the KLF9 gene and determined that the gene presently named KLF1 is the true ortholog of KLF17 in other species. In situ hybridization expression analyses show that in general KLFs are broadly expressed in multiple cell and tissue types. Expression of KLFs 3, 7, 8, and 9, is widespread at all stages examined. KLFs 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 15, and 17 show more restricted patterns that suggest multiple functions during early stages of embryonic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parker B Antin
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724-5217, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhao X, Monson C, Gao C, Gouon-Evans V, Matsumoto N, Sadler KC, Friedman SL. Klf6/copeb is required for hepatic outgrowth in zebrafish and for hepatocyte specification in mouse ES cells. Dev Biol 2010; 344:79-93. [PMID: 20430021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Revised: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 6 (Klf6; copeb in zebrafish) is a zinc-finger transcription factor and tumor suppressor gene. Klf6(-)(/)(-) mice have defects in hematopoiesis and angiogenesis and do not form a liver. However, the vascular abnormalities in Klf6(-/-) mice obfuscate its role in liver development since these two processes are linked in mammals. We utilized zebrafish and mouse ES cells to investigate the role of copeb in endoderm specification and hepatogenesis separate from its function in angiogenesis. During zebrafish development, copeb expression is enriched in digestive organs. Morpholino knockdown of copeb blocks expansion of the liver, pancreas and intestine, but does not affect their specification, differentiation or the vascularization of the liver. Decreased hepatocyte proliferation in copeb morphants is accompanied by upregulation of the cell cycle inhibitor, cdkn1a, a Copeb transcriptional target. A cell autonomous role for Klf6 in endoderm and hepatic development was investigated by manipulating Klf6 expression in mouse ES cells driven to differentiate along the hepatic lineage. Expression of the endoderm markers Hnf3beta, Gata4, Sox17, and CxCr4 is not induced in Klf6(-/-) cells but is upregulated in ES cells over-expressing Klf6. Collectively, these findings indicate that copeb/Klf6 is essential for the development of endoderm-derived organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhao
- Division of Liver Diseases/Department of Medicine, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Marini MG, Porcu L, Asunis I, Loi MG, Ristaldi MS, Porcu S, Ikuta T, Cao A, Moi P. Regulation of the human HBA genes by KLF4 in erythroid cell lines. Br J Haematol 2010; 149:748-58. [PMID: 20331458 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08130.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
KLF1/EKLF and related Krueppel-like factors (KLFs) are variably implicated in the regulation of the HBB-like globin genes. Prompted by the observation that four KLF sites are distributed in the human alpha-globin gene (HBA) promoter, we investigated if KLFs could also act to modulate the expression of the HBA genes. Among the KLFs tested, only KLF4/GKLF bound specifically to three out of four alpha-globin KLF sites. The occupancy of the same sites by KLF4 in vivo was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays with KLF4-specific antibodies. In luciferase reporter assays in MEL cells, high levels of the wild type HBA promoter, but not mutated promoters bearing point mutations that disrupted KLF4-DNA binding, were transactivated by over-expression of KLF4. In K562 cells, induced KLF4 expression with a Tet-off regulated cassette stimulated the expression of the endogenous HBA genes. In a complementary assay in the same cell line, knocking down KLF4 with lentiviral delivered sh-RNAs caused a parallel decrease in the transcription of the HBA genes. All experiments combined support a regulatory role of KLF4 in the control of HBA gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Giuseppina Marini
- Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cagliari, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Vermot J, Forouhar AS, Liebling M, Wu D, Plummer D, Gharib M, Fraser SE. Reversing blood flows act through klf2a to ensure normal valvulogenesis in the developing heart. PLoS Biol 2009; 7:e1000246. [PMID: 19924233 PMCID: PMC2773122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The directionality of local blood flow in the zebrafish embryonic heart is essential for proper heart valve formation. Heart valve anomalies are some of the most common congenital heart defects, yet neither the genetic nor the epigenetic forces guiding heart valve development are well understood. When functioning normally, mature heart valves prevent intracardiac retrograde blood flow; before valves develop, there is considerable regurgitation, resulting in reversing (or oscillatory) flows between the atrium and ventricle. As reversing flows are particularly strong stimuli to endothelial cells in culture, an attractive hypothesis is that heart valves form as a developmental response to retrograde blood flows through the maturing heart. Here, we exploit the relationship between oscillatory flow and heart rate to manipulate the amount of retrograde flow in the atrioventricular (AV) canal before and during valvulogenesis, and find that this leads to arrested valve growth. Using this manipulation, we determined that klf2a is normally expressed in the valve precursors in response to reversing flows, and is dramatically reduced by treatments that decrease such flows. Experimentally knocking down the expression of this shear-responsive gene with morpholine antisense oligonucleotides (MOs) results in dysfunctional valves. Thus, klf2a expression appears to be necessary for normal valve formation. This, together with its dependence on intracardiac hemodynamic forces, makes klf2a expression an early and reliable indicator of proper valve development. Together, these results demonstrate a critical role for reversing flows during valvulogenesis and show how relatively subtle perturbations of normal hemodynamic patterns can lead to both major alterations in gene expression and severe valve dysgenesis. The growth and development of vertebrates are critically dependent on efficient cardiac output to drive blood circulation. An essential step of heart development is the formation of heart valves, whose leaflets are made through a complex set of cellular rearrangements of endothelial cells. Endothelial cells experience high flow forces as blood circulates. Moreover, heart valves and associated structures can be malformed when flow forces are abnormal, suggesting that these flow forces are in fact required for proper valve formation. Whether it is the force of the blood flow, its directionality (forward or reverse), or both that are important is not clear. We studied the interplay during valve development between key genes known to be involved in the process and epigenetic influences such as flow forces. Using zebrafish, whose optical clarity allows analyzing blood flow patterns at high resolution, we identified the presence of reversing flows specifically at the level of valve precursors. By manipulating blood flow patterns, we show that reversing flows are essential for valve morphogenesis. Specifically, we show that the expression of the gene klf2a depends on the presence of reversing flows and is required for valve development. We predict that by influencing levels of klf2a, reversing flows constitute an important stimulus controlling the appropriate biological responses of endothelial cells during valve formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Vermot
- Biological Imaging Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Arian S. Forouhar
- Biological Imaging Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
- Option in Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Liebling
- Biological Imaging Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - David Wu
- Biological Imaging Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
- Option in Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Diane Plummer
- Biological Imaging Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Morteza Gharib
- Option in Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Scott E. Fraser
- Biological Imaging Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
- Option in Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
The Krüppel traffic report: cooperative signals direct KLF8 nuclear transport. Cell Res 2009; 19:1041-3. [PMID: 19727130 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2009.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
|
49
|
Offen N, Meyer A, Begemann G. Identification of novel genes involved in the development of the sword and gonopodium in swordtail fish. Dev Dyn 2009; 238:1674-87. [PMID: 19479949 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Offen
- Department of Biology, Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Leow CC, Wang BE, Ross J, Chan SM, Zha J, Carano RAD, Frantz G, Shen MM, de Sauvage FJ, Gao WQ. Prostate-specific Klf6 inactivation impairs anterior prostate branching morphogenesis through increased activation of the Shh pathway. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:21057-65. [PMID: 19494112 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.001776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 6 (Klf6) belongs to a family of zinc finger transcription factors known to play a role in development and tumor suppression. Although Klf6 is highly mutated in prostate cancer, its function in prostate development is unknown. We have generated a prostate-specific Klf6-deficient mouse model and report here a novel role for Klf6 in the regulation of prostate branching morphogenesis. Importantly, our study reveals a novel relationship between Klf6 and the Shh pathway. Klf6-deficiency leads to elevated levels of hedgehog pathway components (Shh, Ptc, and Gli) and loss of their localized expression, which in turn causes impaired lateral branching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching Ching Leow
- Departments of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|