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Temviriyanukul P, Chansawhang A, Karinchai J, Phochantachinda S, Buranasinsup S, Inthachat W, Pitchakarn P, Chantong B. Kaempferia parviflora Extracts Protect Neural Stem Cells from Amyloid Peptide-Mediated Inflammation in Co-Culture Model with Microglia. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051098. [PMID: 36904098 PMCID: PMC10004790 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress surrounding amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), has been demonstrated and may result in the activation of neuronal death and inhibition of neurogenesis. Therefore, dysregulation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress is one possible therapeutic target for AD. Kaempferia parviflora Wall. ex Baker (KP), a member of the Zingiberaceae family, possesses health-promoting benefits including anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation in vitro and in vivo with a high level of safety; however, the role of KP in suppressing Aβ-mediated neuroinflammation and neuronal differentiation has not yet been investigated. The neuroprotective effects of KP extract against Aβ42 have been examined in both monoculture and co-culture systems of mouse neuroectodermal (NE-4C) stem cells and BV-2 microglia cells. Our results showed that fractions of KP extract containing 5,7-dimethoxyflavone, 5,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone, and 3,5,7,3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone protected neural stem cells (both undifferentiated and differentiated) and microglia activation from Aβ42-induced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in both monoculture and co-culture system of microglia and neuronal stem cells. Interestingly, KP extracts also prevented Aβ42-suppressed neurogenesis, possibly due to the contained methoxyflavone derivatives. Our data indicated the promising role of KP in treating AD through the suppression of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress induced by Aβ peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piya Temviriyanukul
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Anchana Chansawhang
- The Center for Veterinary Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Jirarat Karinchai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sataporn Phochantachinda
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Shutipen Buranasinsup
- Department of Pre-clinical and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Woorawee Inthachat
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Pornsiri Pitchakarn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (B.C.)
| | - Boonrat Chantong
- Department of Pre-clinical and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (B.C.)
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2
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Barroca N, da Silva DM, Pinto SC, Sousa JPM, Verstappen K, Klymov A, Fernández-San-Argimiro FJ, Madarieta I, Murua O, Olalde B, Papadimitriou L, Karali K, Mylonaki K, Stratakis E, Ranella A, Marques PAAP. Interfacing reduced graphene oxide with an adipose-derived extracellular matrix as a regulating milieu for neural tissue engineering. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 148:213351. [PMID: 36842343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Enthralling evidence of the potential of graphene-based materials for neural tissue engineering is motivating the development of scaffolds using various structures related to graphene such as graphene oxide (GO) or its reduced form. Here, we investigated a strategy based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) combined with a decellularized extracellular matrix from adipose tissue (adECM), which is still unexplored for neural repair and regeneration. Scaffolds containing up to 50 wt% rGO relative to adECM were prepared by thermally induced phase separation assisted by carbodiimide (EDC) crosslinking. Using partially reduced GO enables fine-tuning of the structural interaction between rGO and adECM. As the concentration of rGO increased, non-covalent bonding gradually prevailed over EDC-induced covalent conjugation with the adECM. Edge-to-edge aggregation of rGO favours adECM to act as a biomolecular physical crosslinker to rGO, leading to the softening of the scaffolds. The unique biochemistry of adECM allows neural stem cells to adhere and grow. Importantly, high rGO concentrations directly control cell fate by inducing the differentiation of both NE-4C cells and embryonic neural progenitor cells into neurons. Furthermore, primary astrocyte fate is also modulated as increasing rGO boosts the expression of reactivity markers while unaltering the expression of scar-forming ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Barroca
- TEMA - Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; LASI - Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory, Portugal.
| | - Daniela M da Silva
- TEMA - Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; LASI - Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory, Portugal
| | - Susana C Pinto
- TEMA - Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; LASI - Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory, Portugal
| | - Joana P M Sousa
- TEMA - Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; LASI - Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory, Portugal
| | - Kest Verstappen
- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Department of Regenerative Biomaterials, 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexey Klymov
- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Department of Regenerative Biomaterials, 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Iratxe Madarieta
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), E20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Olatz Murua
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), E20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Beatriz Olalde
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), E20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Lina Papadimitriou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, 71003, Greece
| | - Kanelina Karali
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, 71003, Greece
| | - Konstantina Mylonaki
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, 71003, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, 71003, Greece
| | - Anthi Ranella
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, 71003, Greece.
| | - Paula A A P Marques
- TEMA - Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; LASI - Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory, Portugal.
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3
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Iyer RR, Liu YZ, Renteria CA, Tibble BE, Choi H, Žurauskas M, Boppart SA. Ultra-parallel label-free optophysiology of neural activity. iScience 2022; 25:104307. [PMID: 35602935 PMCID: PMC9114528 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The electrical activity of neurons has a spatiotemporal footprint that spans three orders of magnitude. Traditional electrophysiology lacks the spatial throughput to image the activity of an entire neural network; besides, labeled optical imaging using voltage-sensitive dyes and tracking Ca2+ ion dynamics lack the versatility and speed to capture fast-spiking activity, respectively. We present a label-free optical imaging technique to image the changes to the optical path length and the local birefringence caused by neural activity, at 4,000 Hz, across a 200 × 200 μm2 region, and with micron-scale spatial resolution and 300-pm displacement sensitivity using Superfast Polarization-sensitive Off-axis Full-field Optical Coherence Microscopy (SPoOF OCM). The undulations in the optical responses from mammalian neuronal activity were matched with field-potential electrophysiology measurements and validated with channel blockers. By directly tracking the widefield neural activity at millisecond timescales and micrometer resolution, SPoOF OCM provides a framework to progress from low-throughput electrophysiology to high-throughput ultra-parallel label-free optophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishyashring R. Iyer
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yuan-Zhi Liu
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Carlos A. Renteria
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Brian E. Tibble
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Honggu Choi
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Mantas Žurauskas
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Stephen A. Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Corresponding author
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Patel M, Li Y, Anderson J, Castro-Pedrido S, Skinner R, Lei S, Finkel Z, Rodriguez B, Esteban F, Lee KB, Lyu YL, Cai L. Gsx1 promotes locomotor functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Mol Ther 2021; 29:2469-2482. [PMID: 33895323 PMCID: PMC8353206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoting residential cells, particularly endogenous neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs), for tissue regeneration represents a potential strategy for the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI). However, adult NSPCs differentiate mainly into glial cells and contribute to glial scar formation at the site of injury. Gsx1 is known to regulate the generation of excitatory and inhibitory interneurons during embryonic development of the spinal cord. In this study, we show that lentivirus-mediated expression of Gsx1 increases the number of NSPCs in a mouse model of lateral hemisection SCI during the acute stage. Subsequently, Gsx1 expression increases the generation of glutamatergic and cholinergic interneurons and decreases the generation of GABAergic interneurons in the chronic stage of SCI. Importantly, Gsx1 reduces reactive astrogliosis and glial scar formation, promotes serotonin (5-HT) neuronal activity, and improves the locomotor function of the injured mice. Moreover, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis reveals that Gsx1-induced transcriptome regulation correlates with NSPC signaling, NSPC activation, neuronal differentiation, and inhibition of astrogliosis and scar formation. Collectively, our study provides molecular insights for Gsx1-mediated functional recovery and identifies the potential of Gsx1 gene therapy for injuries in the spinal cord and possibly other parts of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaal Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jeremy Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Sofia Castro-Pedrido
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ryan Skinner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Shunyao Lei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Zachary Finkel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Brianna Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Fatima Esteban
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yi Lisa Lyu
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Li YCE, Jodat YA, Samanipour R, Zorzi G, Zhu K, Hirano M, Chang K, Arnaout A, Hassan S, Matharu N, Khademhosseini A, Hoorfar M, Shin SR. Toward a neurospheroid niche model: optimizing embedded 3D bioprinting for fabrication of neurospheroid brain-like co-culture constructs. Biofabrication 2020; 13:10.1088/1758-5090/abc1be. [PMID: 33059333 PMCID: PMC8387028 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abc1be] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A crucial step in creating reliablein vitroplatforms for neural development and disorder studies is the reproduction of the multicellular three-dimensional (3D) brain microenvironment and the capturing of cell-cell interactions within the model. The power of self-organization of diverse cell types into brain spheroids could be harnessed to study mechanisms underlying brain development trajectory and diseases. A challenge of current 3D organoid and spheroid models grown in petri-dishes is the lack of control over cellular localization and diversity. To overcome this limitation, neural spheroids can be patterned into customizable 3D structures using microfabrication. We developed a 3D brain-like co-culture construct using embedded 3D bioprinting as a flexible solution for composing heterogenous neural populations with neurospheroids and glia. Specifically, neurospheroid-laden free-standing 3D structures were fabricated in an engineered astrocyte-laden support bath resembling a neural stem cell niche environment. A photo-crosslinkable bioink and a thermal-healing supporting bath were engineered to mimic the mechanical modulus of soft tissue while supporting the formation of self-organizing neurospheroids within elaborate 3D networks. Moreover, bioprinted neurospheroid-laden structures exhibited the capability to differentiate into neuronal cells. These brain-like co-cultures could provide a reproducible platform for modeling neurological diseases, neural regeneration, and drug development and repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Ethan Li
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, United States of America
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
| | - Yasamin A Jodat
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, United States of America
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, New Jersey 07030, United States of America
| | - Roya Samanipour
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, United States of America
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna V1V 1V7, BC, Canada
| | - Giulio Zorzi
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Kai Zhu
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, United States of America
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Minoru Hirano
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, United States of America
- Future Vehicle Research Department, Toyota Research Institute North America, Toyota Motor North America Inc. 1555 Woodridge Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States of America
| | - Karen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Adnan Arnaout
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Shabir Hassan
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Navneet Matharu
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States of America
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States of America
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States of America
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
| | - Mina Hoorfar
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna V1V 1V7, BC, Canada
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, United States of America
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Večeřa J, Procházková J, Šumberová V, Pánská V, Paculová H, Lánová MK, Mašek J, Bohačiaková D, Andersson ER, Pacherník J. Hypoxia/Hif1α prevents premature neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells through the activation of Hes1. Stem Cell Res 2020; 45:101770. [PMID: 32276221 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs), comprising neuroepithelial and radial glial cells, are indispensable precursors of neurons and glia in the mammalian developing brain. Since the process of neurogenesis occurs in a hypoxic environment, the question arises of how NSCs deal with low oxygen tension and whether it affects their stemness. Genes from the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) family are well known factors governing cellular response to hypoxic conditions. In this study, we have discovered that the endogenous stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (Hif1α) during neural induction is critical for the normal development of the NSCs pool by preventing its premature depletion and differentiation. The knock-out of the Hif1α gene in mESC-derived neurospheres led to a decrease in self-renewal of NSCs, paralleled by an increase in neuronal differentiation. Similarly, neuroepithelial cells differentiated in hypoxia exhibited accelerated neurogenesis soon after Hif1α knock-down. In both models, the loss of Hif1α was accompanied by an immediate drop in neural repressor Hes1 levels while changes in Notch signaling were not observed. We found that active Hif1α/Arnt1 transcription complex bound to the evolutionarily conserved site in Hes1 gene promoter in both neuroepithelial cells and neural tissue of E8.5 - 9.5 embryos. Taken together, these results emphasize the novel role of Hif1α in the regulation of early NSCs population through the activation of neural repressor Hes1, independently of Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Večeřa
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiřina Procházková
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Šumberová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Pánská
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Paculová
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Kohutková Lánová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mašek
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Neo, Blickagången 16, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Dáša Bohačiaková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Emma Rachel Andersson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Neo, Blickagången 16, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Jiří Pacherník
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
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Miao S, Cui H, Esworthy T, Mahadik B, Lee S, Zhou X, Hann SY, Fisher JP, Zhang LG. 4D Self-Morphing Culture Substrate for Modulating Cell Differentiation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902403. [PMID: 32195081 PMCID: PMC7080541 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
As the most versatile and promising cell source, stem cells have been studied in regenerative medicine for two decades. Currently available culturing techniques utilize a 2D or 3D microenvironment for supporting the growth and proliferation of stem cells. However, these culture systems fail to fully reflect the supportive biological environment in which stem cells reside in vivo, which contain dynamic biophysical growth cues. Herein, a 4D programmable culture substrate with a self-morphing capability is presented as a means to enhance dynamic cell growth and induce differentiation of stem cells. To function as a model system, a 4D neural culture substrate is fabricated using a combination of printing and imprinting techniques keyed to the different biological features of neural stem cells (NSCs) at different differentiation stages. Results show the 4D culture substrate demonstrates a time-dependent self-morphing process that plays an essential role in regulating NSC behaviors in a spatiotemporal manner and enhances neural differentiation of NSCs along with significant axonal alignment. This study of a customized, dynamic substrate revolutionizes current stem cell therapies, and can further have a far-reaching impact on improving tissue regeneration and mimicking specific disease progression, as well as other impacts on materials and life science research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shida Miao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringThe George Washington University3590 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NWWashingtonDC20052USA
| | - Haitao Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringThe George Washington University3590 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NWWashingtonDC20052USA
| | - Timothy Esworthy
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringThe George Washington University3590 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NWWashingtonDC20052USA
| | - Bhushan Mahadik
- Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Maryland3238 Jeong H. Kim Engineering BuildingCollege ParkMD20742USA
| | - Se‐jun Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringThe George Washington University3590 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NWWashingtonDC20052USA
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringThe George Washington University3590 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NWWashingtonDC20052USA
| | - Sung Yun Hann
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringThe George Washington University3590 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NWWashingtonDC20052USA
| | - John P. Fisher
- Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Maryland3238 Jeong H. Kim Engineering BuildingCollege ParkMD20742USA
| | - Lijie Grace Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringThe George Washington University3590 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NWWashingtonDC20052USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringDepartment of MedicineDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringThe George Washington UniversityWashingtonDC20052USA
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Lee SJ, Asheghali D, Blevins B, Timsina R, Esworthy T, Zhou X, Cui H, Hann SY, Qiu X, Tokarev A, Minko S, Zhang LG. Touch-Spun Nanofibers for Nerve Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:2067-2075. [PMID: 31859479 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, we examined the potential for neural stem cell (NSCs) proliferation on novel aligned touch-spun polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers. Electrospun PCL nanofibers with similar diameter and alignment were used as a control. Confocal microscopy images showed that NSCs grew and differentiated all over the scaffolds up to 8 days. Neurite quantification analysis revealed that the NSCs cultured on the touch-spun fibers with incorporated bovine serum albumin promoted the expression of neuron-specific class III β-tubulin after 8 days. More importantly, NSCs grown on the aligned touch-spun PCL fibers exhibited a bipolar elongation along the direction of the fiber, while NSCs cultured on the aligned electrospun PCL fibers expressed a multipolar elongation. The structural characteristics of the PCL nanofibers analyzed by X-ray diffraction indicated that the degree of crystallinity and elastic modulus of the touch-spun fiber are significantly higher than those of electrospun fibers. These findings indicate that the aligned and stiff touch-spun nanofibrous scaffolds show considerable potential for nerve injury repair.
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Lee SJ, Zhu W, Nowicki M, Lee G, Heo DN, Kim J, Zuo YY, Zhang LG. 3D printing nano conductive multi-walled carbon nanotube scaffolds for nerve regeneration. J Neural Eng 2019; 15:016018. [PMID: 29064377 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aa95a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), have been introduced to modify the surface properties of scaffolds, thus enhancing the interaction between the neural cells and biomaterials. In addition to superior electrical conductivity, CNTs can provide nanoscale structures similar to those present in the natural neural environment. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the proliferative capability and differential potential of neural stem cells (NSCs) seeded on a CNT incorporated scaffold. APPROACH Amine functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were incorporated with a PEGDA polymer to provide enhanced electrical properties as well as nanofeatures on the surface of the scaffold. A stereolithography 3D printer was employed to fabricate a well-dispersed MWCNT-hydrogel composite neural scaffold with a tunable porous structure. 3D printing allows easy fabrication of complex 3D scaffolds with extremely intricate microarchitectures and controlled porosity. MAIN RESULTS Our results showed that MWCNT-incorporated scaffolds promoted neural stem cell proliferation and early neuronal differentiation when compared to those scaffolds without the MWCNTs. Furthermore, biphasic pulse stimulation with 500 µA current promoted neuronal maturity quantified through protein expression analysis by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. SIGNIFICANCE Results of this study demonstrated that an electroconductive MWCNT scaffold, coupled with electrical stimulation, may have a synergistic effect on promoting neurite outgrowth for therapeutic application in nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Jun Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
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10
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Lineage-Specific Chiral Biases of Human Embryonic Stem Cells during Differentiation. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:1848605. [PMID: 30627170 PMCID: PMC6304839 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1848605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Left-right symmetry breaking is a complex developmental process and an important part of embryonic axis development. As of yet, the biophysical mechanism behind LR asymmetry establishment remains elusive for the overall asymmetry of embryos as well as for the organ-specific asymmetry. Here, we demonstrate that inherent cellular chirality is observable in the cells of early embryonic stages using a 3D Matrigel bilayer system. Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to three lineages corresponding to heart, intestine, and neural tissues demonstrates phenotype-specific inherent chiral biases, complementing the current knowledge regarding organ development. The existence of inherent cellular chirality early in development and its correlation with organ asymmetry implicate cell chirality as a possible regulator in LR symmetry breaking.
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11
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Zhou X, Cui H, Nowicki M, Miao S, Lee SJ, Masood F, Harris BT, Zhang LG. Three-Dimensional-Bioprinted Dopamine-Based Matrix for Promoting Neural Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:8993-9001. [PMID: 29461046 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Central nerve repair and regeneration remain challenging problems worldwide, largely because of the extremely weak inherent regenerative capacity and accompanying fibrosis of native nerves. Inadequate solutions to the unmet needs for clinical therapeutics encourage the development of novel strategies to promote nerve regeneration. Recently, 3D bioprinting techniques, as one of a set of valuable tissue engineering technologies, have shown great promise toward fabricating complex and customizable artificial tissue scaffolds. Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) possesses excellent biocompatible and biodegradable properties because it contains many arginine-glycine-aspartic acids (RGD) and matrix metalloproteinase sequences. Dopamine (DA), as an essential neurotransmitter, has proven effective in regulating neuronal development and enhancing neurite outgrowth. In this study, GelMA-DA neural scaffolds with hierarchical structures were 3D-fabricated using our custom-designed stereolithography-based printer. DA was functionalized on GelMA to synthesize a biocompatible printable ink (GelMA-DA) for improving neural differentiation. Additionally, neural stem cells (NSCs) were employed as the primary cell source for these scaffolds because of their ability to terminally differentiate into a variety of cell types including neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. The resultant GelMA-DA scaffolds exhibited a highly porous and interconnected 3D environment, which is favorable for supporting NSC growth. Confocal microscopy analysis of neural differentiation demonstrated that a distinct neural network was formed on the GelMA-DA scaffolds. In particular, the most significant improvements were the enhanced neuron gene expression of TUJ1 and MAP2. Overall, our results demonstrated that 3D-printed customizable GelMA-DA scaffolds have a positive role in promoting neural differentiation, which is promising for advancing nerve repair and regeneration in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fahed Masood
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Maryland , Collage Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Brent T Harris
- Department of Neurology and Pathology , Georgetown University , Washington, D.C. 20057 , United States
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12
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Estrada SM, Thagard AS, Lane AD, Dehart MJ, Burd I, Napolitano PG, Ieronimakis N. Bacterial endotoxin exposure invokes transcriptional changes in embryonic murine neural stem cells. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 217:488-489. [PMID: 28734828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Zhu W, George JK, Sorger VJ, Grace Zhang L. 3D printing scaffold coupled with low level light therapy for neural tissue regeneration. Biofabrication 2017; 9:025002. [PMID: 28349897 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa6999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
3D printing has shown promise for neural regeneration by providing customized nerve scaffolds to structurally support and bridge the defect gap as well as deliver cells or various bioactive substances. Low-level light therapy (LLLT) exhibits positive effects on rehabiliation of degenerative nerves and neural disorders. With this in mind, we postulate that 3D printed neural scaffold coupling with LLLT will generate a new strategy to repair neural degeneration. To achieve this goal, we applied red laser light to stimualte neural stem cells on 3D printed scaffolds and investigated the subsequent cell response with respect to cell proliferation and differentiation. Here we show that cell prolifeartion rate and intracellular reactive oxgen species synthesis were significantly increased after 15 s laser stimulation follwed by 1 d culture. Over culturing time of 14 d in vitro, the laser stimulation promoted neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells, while the glial differentiation was suppressed based on results of both immunocytochemistry studies and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing. These findings suggest that integration of 3D printing and LLLT might provide a powerful methodology for neural tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, United States of America
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14
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Lee SJ, Nowicki M, Harris B, Zhang LG. Fabrication of a Highly Aligned Neural Scaffold via a Table Top Stereolithography 3D Printing and Electrospinning<sup/>. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:491-502. [PMID: 27998214 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a rapidly emerging technique in the field of tissue engineering to fabricate extremely intricate and complex biomimetic scaffolds in the range of micrometers. Such customized 3D printed constructs can be used for the regeneration of complex tissues such as cartilage, vessels, and nerves. However, the 3D printing techniques often offer limited control over the resolution and compromised mechanical properties due to short selection of printable inks. To address these limitations, we combined stereolithography and electrospinning techniques to fabricate a novel 3D biomimetic neural scaffold with a tunable porous structure and embedded aligned fibers. By employing two different types of biofabrication methods, we successfully utilized both synthetic and natural materials with varying chemical composition as bioink to enhance biocompatibilities and mechanical properties of the scaffold. The resulting microfibers composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) polymer and PCL mixed with gelatin were embedded in 3D printed hydrogel scaffold. Our results showed that 3D printed scaffolds with electrospun fibers significantly improve neural stem cell adhesion when compared to those without the fibers. Furthermore, 3D scaffolds embedded with aligned fibers showed an enhancement in cell proliferation relative to bare control scaffolds. More importantly, confocal microscopy images illustrated that the scaffold with PCL/gelatin fibers greatly increased the average neurite length and directed neurite extension of primary cortical neurons along the fiber. The results of this study demonstrate the potential to create unique 3D neural tissue constructs by combining 3D bioprinting and electrospinning techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Jun Lee
- 1 Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Margaret Nowicki
- 1 Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Brent Harris
- 2 Department of Neurology and Pathology, Georgetown University , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Lijie Grace Zhang
- 1 Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University , Washington, District of Columbia
- 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University , Washington, District of Columbia
- 4 Department of Medicine, The George Washington University , Washington, District of Columbia
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15
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Yang SL, Yang M, Herrlinger S, Liang C, Lai F, Chen JF. MiR-302/367 regulate neural progenitor proliferation, differentiation timing, and survival in neurulation. Dev Biol 2015; 408:140-50. [PMID: 26441343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
How neural progenitor cell (NPC) behaviors are temporally controlled in early developing embryos remains undefined. The in vivo functions of microRNAs (miRNAs) in early mammalian development remain largely unknown. Mir-302/367 is a miRNA cluster that encodes miR-367 and four miR-302 members (miR302a-d). We show that miR-302b is highly expressed in early neuroepithelium and its expression decline as development progresses. We generated a mir-302/367 knockout mouse model and found that deletion of mir-302/367 results in an early embryonic lethality and open neural tube defect (NTD). NPCs exhibit enhanced proliferation, precocious differentiation, and decreased cell survival in mutant embryos. Furthermore, we identified Fgf15, Cyclin D1, and D2 as direct targets of miR-302 in NPCs in vivo, and their expression is enhanced in mutant NPCs. Ectopic expression of Cyclin D1 and D2 increases NPC proliferation, while FGF19 (human ortholog of Fgf15) overexpression leads to an increase of NPC differentiation. Thus, these findings reveal essential roles of miR-302/367 in orchestrating gene expression and NPC behaviors in neurulation; they also point to miRNAs as critical genetic components associated with neural tube formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Lu Yang
- Department of Genetics, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Genetics, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Stephanie Herrlinger
- Department of Genetics, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Genetics, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Fan Lai
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jian-Fu Chen
- Department of Genetics, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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16
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Wang Z, Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhao J, Gutkind JS, Srivatsan A, Zhang G, Liao HS, Fu X, Jin A, Tong X, Niu G, Chen X. Polymeric Nanovehicle Regulated Spatiotemporal Real-Time Imaging of the Differentiation Dynamics of Transplanted Neural Stem Cells after Traumatic Brain Injury. ACS NANO 2015; 9:6683-95. [PMID: 26020550 PMCID: PMC5238514 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation have led to an inspiring progress in alleviating central nervous system (CNS) damages and restoring brain functions from diseases or injuries. One challenge of NSC transplantation is directed differentiation of transplanted NSCs into desired neuronal subtypes, such as neurons, to compensate the adverse impact of brain injury; another challenge lies in the lack of tools to noninvasively monitor the dynamics of NSC differentiation after transplantation in vivo. In this study, we developed a polymer nanovehicle for morphogen sustained release to overcome the drawbacks of conventional methods to realize the long-term directed NSC differentiation in vivo. Moreover, we constructed a bicistronic vector with a unique neuron specific gene tubb3 promoter to drive reporter gene expression for real-time imaging of NSC differentiation and migration. The developed uniform nanovehicle showed efficient NSC uptake and achieved a controlled release of morphogen in cytosol to consistently stimulate NSC differentiation into neurons at a sustainably effective concentration. The spatiotemporal imaging results showed a multiplexed migration, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis orchestra of transplanted NSCs regulated by nanovehicles in TBI mice. The imaging results also uncovered the peak time of NSC differentiation in vivo. Although we observed only a handful of NSCs ultimately migrated to the TBI area and differentiated into neurons, those neurons were functional, ameliorating the detrimental impact of TBI. The imaging findings enabled by the nanovehicle and the neuron specific bicistronic vector provide additional understanding of the in vivo behaviors of transplanted NSCs in neuronal regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jun Zhao
- Unit on Synapse Development and Plasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - J. Silvio Gutkind
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Avinash Srivatsan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Hsien-Shun Liao
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Xiao Fu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Albert Jin
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Xiao Tong
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Gang Niu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Address correspondence to,
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17
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Yang M, Yang SL, Herrlinger S, Liang C, Dzieciatkowska M, Hansen KC, Desai R, Nagy A, Niswander L, Moss EG, Chen JF. Lin28 promotes the proliferative capacity of neural progenitor cells in brain development. Development 2015; 142:1616-27. [PMID: 25922525 DOI: 10.1242/dev.120543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) have distinct proliferation capacities at different stages of brain development. Lin28 is an RNA-binding protein with two homologs in mice: Lin28a and Lin28b. Here we show that Lin28a/b are enriched in early NPCs and their expression declines during neural differentiation. Lin28a single-knockout mice show reduced NPC proliferation, enhanced cell cycle exit and a smaller brain, whereas mice lacking both Lin28a alleles and one Lin28b allele display similar but more severe phenotypes. Ectopic expression of Lin28a in mice results in increased NPC proliferation, NPC numbers and brain size. Mechanistically, Lin28a physically and functionally interacts with Imp1 (Igf2bp1) and regulates Igf2-mTOR signaling. The function of Lin28a/b in NPCs could be attributed, at least in part, to the regulation of their mRNA targets that encode Igf1r and Hmga2. Thus, Lin28a and Lin28b have overlapping functions in temporally regulating NPC proliferation during early brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Department of Genetics, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Si-Lu Yang
- Department of Genetics, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Stephanie Herrlinger
- Department of Genetics, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Genetics, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Monika Dzieciatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ridham Desai
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 3L9, Canada
| | - Andras Nagy
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 3L9, Canada
| | - Lee Niswander
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Eric G Moss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Jian-Fu Chen
- Department of Genetics, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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18
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Eftekhar-Vaghefi SH, Zahmatkesh L, Salehinejad P, Totonchi S, Shams-Ara A. Evaluation of neurogenic potential of human umbilical cord mesenchymal cells; a time- and concentration-dependent manner. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2015; 19:82-90. [PMID: 25864812 PMCID: PMC4412918 DOI: 10.6091/ibj.1452.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Retinoic acid as one of the most important regulators for cell differentiation was examined in this study for differentiation of human umbilical mesenchymal cells (hUCM). Methods: After isolation, hUCM were evaluated for mesenchymal stem cell properties by flow cytometry and alkaline phosphatase assay. Also, doubling time of the cells and their differentiation potential into adipogenic and osteogenic cells were tested. hUCM were then cultured with different concentrations of retinoic acid, and on days 1, 7, and 12, the percentage of differentiated cells was determined by immunostaining for nestin, anti-microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) markers. Results: The isolated cells were negative for the hematopoietic markers and positive for the mesenchymal markers. They showed the population doubling time 60 ± 3 hours and differentiated into osteogenic and adipogenic cells. A descending trend in nestin and an ascending trend in MAP2, GAD, and GABA expression were observed from the first day until the last day between different concentrations of retinoic acid. Conclusion: hUCM cells may have the potential to differentiate into neural cells in the presence of different incubation period and concentration of retinoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leila Zahmatkesh
- Dept. of Anatomy, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman , Iran
| | - Parvin Salehinejad
- Dept. of Anatomy, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman , Iran
| | - Shahin Totonchi
- School of Medicine,
Yazd University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Shams-Ara
- Dept. of Anatomy, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman , Iran
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19
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Murali K, Kenesei K, Li Y, Demeter K, Környei Z, Madarász E. Uptake and bio-reactivity of polystyrene nanoparticles is affected by surface modifications, ageing and LPS adsorption: in vitro studies on neural tissue cells. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:4199-210. [PMID: 25673096 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06849a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Because of their capacity of crossing an intact blood-brain barrier and reaching the brain through an injured barrier or via the nasal epithelium, nanoparticles have been considered as vehicles to deliver drugs and as contrast materials for brain imaging. The potential neurotoxicity of nanoparticles, however, is not fully explored. Using particles with a biologically inert polystyrene core material, we investigated the role of the chemical composition of particle surfaces in the in vitro interaction with different neural cell types. PS NPs within a size-range of 45-70 nm influenced the metabolic activity of cells depending on the cell-type, but caused toxicity only at extremely high particle concentrations. Neurons did not internalize particles, while microglial cells ingested a large amount of carboxylated but almost no PEGylated NPs. PEGylation reduced the protein adsorption, toxicity and cellular uptake of NPs. After storage (shelf-life >6 months), the toxicity and cellular uptake of NPs increased. The altered biological activity of "aged" NPs was due to particle aggregation and due to the adsorption of bioactive compounds on NP surfaces. Aggregation by increasing the size and sedimentation velocity of NPs results in increased cell-targeted NP doses. The ready endotoxin adsorption which cannot be prevented by PEG coating, can render the particles toxic. The age-dependent changes in otherwise harmless NPs could be the important sources for variability in the effects of NPs, and could explain the contradictory data obtained with "identical" NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumarasamy Murali
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 43 Szigony u., H-1083-Budapest, Hungary.
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20
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Wang Z, Zhang R, Wang Z, Wang HF, Wang Y, Zhao J, Wang F, Li W, Niu G, Kiesewetter DO, Chen X. Bioinspired nanocomplex for spatiotemporal imaging of sequential mRNA expression in differentiating neural stem cells. ACS NANO 2014; 8:12386-96. [PMID: 25494492 PMCID: PMC4278684 DOI: 10.1021/nn505047n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Messenger RNA plays a pivotal role in regulating cellular activities. The expression dynamics of specific mRNA contains substantial information on the intracellular milieu. Unlike the imaging of stationary mRNAs, real-time intracellular imaging of the dynamics of mRNA expression is of great value for investigating mRNA biology and exploring specific cellular cascades. In addition to advanced imaging methods, timely extracellular stimulation is another key factor in regulating the mRNA expression repertoire. The integration of effective stimulation and imaging into a single robust system would significantly improve stimulation efficiency and imaging accuracy, producing fewer unwanted artifacts. In this study, we developed a multifunctional nanocomplex to enable self-activating and spatiotemporal imaging of the dynamics of mRNA sequential expression during the neural stem cell differentiation process. This nanocomplex showed improved enzymatic stability, fast recognition kinetics, and high specificity. With a mechanism regulated by endogenous cell machinery, this nanocomplex realized the successive stimulating motif release and the dynamic imaging of chronological mRNA expression during neural stem cell differentiation without the use of transgenetic manipulation. The dynamic imaging montage of mRNA expression ultimately facilitated genetic heterogeneity analysis. In vivo lateral ventricle injection of this nanocomplex enabled endogenous neural stem cell activation and labeling at their specific differentiation stages. This nanocomplex is highly amenable as an alternative tool to explore the dynamics of intricate mRNA activities in various physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Ruili Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Zhongliang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710071, China
- Address correspondence to ,
| | - He-Fang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jun Zhao
- Unit on Synapse Development and Plasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Fu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Weitao Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Gang Niu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Dale O. Kiesewetter
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Address correspondence to ,
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21
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Izak-Nau E, Kenesei K, Murali K, Voetz M, Eiden S, Puntes VF, Duschl A, Madarász E. Interaction of differently functionalized fluorescent silica nanoparticles with neural stem- and tissue-type cells. Nanotoxicology 2013; 8 Suppl 1:138-48. [PMID: 24344716 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.864427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Engineered amorphous silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs), due to simple and low cost production, are increasingly used in commercial products and produced on an industrial scale. Despite the potential benefits, there is a concern that exposure to certain types of SiO2 NPs may lead to adverse health effects. As some NPs can cross the blood--brain barrier and may, in addition, reach the central nervous system through the nasal epithelium, this study addresses the responses of different neural tissue-type cells including neural stem cells, neurons, astrocytes and microglia cells to increasing doses of 50 nm fluorescent core/shell SiO2 NPs with different [-NH2, -SH and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)] surface chemistry. The SiO2 NPs are characterized using a variety of physicochemical methods. Assays of cytotoxicity and cellular metabolism indicates that SiO2 NPs cause cell death only at high particle doses, except PVP-coated SiO2 NPs which do not harm cells even at very high concentrations. All SiO2 NPs, except those coated with PVP, form large agglomerates in physiological solutions and adsorb a variety of proteins. Except PVP-NPs, all SiO2 NPs adhere strongly to cell surfaces, but internalization differs depending on neural cell type. Neural stem cells and astrocytes internalize plain SiO2, SiO2-NH2 and SiO2-SH NPs, while neurons do not take up any NPs. The data indicates that the PVP coat, by lowering the particle-biomolecular component interactions, reduces the biological effects of SiO2 NPs on the investigated neural cells.
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Orsolits B, Borsy A, Madarász E, Mészáros Z, Kőhidi T, Markó K, Jelitai M, Welker E, Környei Z. Retinoid machinery in distinct neural stem cell populations with different retinoid responsiveness. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:2777-93. [PMID: 23734950 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is present at sites of neurogenesis in both the embryonic and adult brain. While it is widely accepted that RA signaling is involved in the regulation of neural stem cell differentiation, little is known about vitamin A utilization and biosynthesis of active retinoids in the neurogenic niches, or about the details of retinoid metabolism in neural stem cells and differentiating progenies. Here we provide data on retinoid responsiveness and RA production of distinct neural stem cell/neural progenitor populations. In addition, we demonstrate differentiation-related changes in the expression of genes encoding proteins of the retinoid machinery, including components responsible for uptake (Stra6) and storage (Lrat) of vitamin A, transport of retinoids (Rbp4, CrbpI, CrabpI-II), synthesis (Rdh10, Raldh1-4), degradation of RA (Cyp26a1-c1) and RA signaling (Rarα,β,γ, Rxrα,β,γ). We show that both early embryonic neuroectodermal (NE-4C) stem cells and late embryonic or adult derived radial glia like progenitors (RGl cells) are capable to produce bioactive retinoids but respond differently to retinoid signals. However, while neuronal differentiation of RGl cells can not be induced by RA, neuron formation by NE-4C cells is initiated by both RA and RA-precursors (retinol or retinyl acetate). The data indicate that endogenous RA production, at least in some neural stem cell populations, may result in autocrine regulation of neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Orsolits
- 1 Institute of Experimental Medicine , Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Maruyama M, Yamashita Y, Kase M, Trifonov S, Sugimoto T. Lineage-specific purification of neural stem/progenitor cells from differentiated mouse induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:420-33. [PMID: 23694811 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have differentiation potential into all three germ layer-derived tissues, efficient purification of target cells is required in many fields of iPS research. One useful strategy is isolation of desired cells from differentiated iPS cells by lineage-specific expression of a drug-resistance gene, followed by drug selection. With this strategy, we purified neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs), a good candidate source for regenerative therapy, from differentiated mouse iPS cells. We constructed a bicistronic expression vector simultaneously expressing blasticidin S resistance gene and DsRed under the control of tandem enhancer of a 257-base pair region of nestin second intron, an NSC-specific enhancer. This construct was efficiently inserted into the iPS genome by piggyBac transposon-mediated gene transfer, and the established subclone was differentiated into NSCs in the presence or absence of blasticidin S. Consequently, incubation with blasticidin S led to purification of NSCs from differentiated iPS cells. Our results suggest that a lineage-specific drug selection strategy is useful for purification of NSCs from differentiated iPS cells and that this strategy can be applied for the purification of other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Maruyama
- Department of Anatomy and Brain Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
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Morphological and functional differentiation in BE(2)-M17 human neuroblastoma cells by treatment with Trans-retinoic acid. BMC Neurosci 2013; 14:49. [PMID: 23597229 PMCID: PMC3639069 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-14-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immortalized neuronal cell lines can be induced to differentiate into more mature neurons by adding specific compounds or growth factors to the culture medium. This property makes neuronal cell lines attractive as in vitro cell models to study neuronal functions and neurotoxicity. The clonal human neuroblastoma BE(2)-M17 cell line is known to differentiate into a more prominent neuronal cell type by treatment with trans-retinoic acid. However, there is a lack of information on the morphological and functional aspects of these differentiated cells. Results We studied the effects of trans-retinoic acid treatment on (a) some differentiation marker proteins, (b) types of voltage-gated calcium (Ca2+) channels and (c) Ca2+-dependent neurotransmitter ([3H] glycine) release in cultured BE(2)-M17 cells. Cells treated with 10 μM trans-retinoic acid (RA) for 72 hrs exhibited marked changes in morphology to include neurite extensions; presence of P/Q, N and T-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels; and expression of neuron specific enolase (NSE), synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25), nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 (nAChR-α7) and other neuronal markers. Moreover, retinoic acid treated cells had a significant increase in evoked Ca2+-dependent neurotransmitter release capacity. In toxicity studies of the toxic gas, phosgene (CG), that differentiation of M17 cells with RA was required to see the changes in intracellular free Ca2+ concentrations following exposure to CG. Conclusion Taken together, retinoic acid treated cells had improved morphological features as well as neuronal characteristics and functions; thus, these retinoic acid differentiated BE(2)-M17 cells may serve as a better neuronal model to study neurobiology and/or neurotoxicity.
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Lepski G. What do we know about the neurogenic potential of different stem cell types? ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2012; 70:540-6. [DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2012000700013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell therapies, based on transplantation of immature cells, are being considered as a promising tool in the treatment of neurological disorders. Many efforts are being concentrated on the development of safe and effective stem cell lines. Nevertheless, the neurogenic potential of some cell lines, i.e., the ability to generate mature neurons either in vitro or in vivo, is largely unknown. Recent evidence indicate that this potential might be distinct among different cell lines, therefore limiting their broad use as replacement cells in the central nervous system. Here, we have reviewed the latest advancements regarding the electrophysiological maturation of stem cells, focusing our attention on fetal-derived-, embryonic-, and induced pluripotent stem cells. In summary, a large body of evidence supports the biological safety, high neurogenic potential, and in some diseases probable clinical efficiency related to fetal-derived cells. By contrast, reliable data regarding embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are still missing.
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Chen J, Lai F, Niswander L. The ubiquitin ligase mLin41 temporally promotes neural progenitor cell maintenance through FGF signaling. Genes Dev 2012; 26:803-15. [PMID: 22508726 DOI: 10.1101/gad.187641.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
How self-renewal versus differentiation of neural progenitor cells is temporally controlled during early development remains ill-defined. We show that mouse Lin41 (mLin41) is highly expressed in neural progenitor cells and its expression declines during neural differentiation. Loss of mLin41 function in mice causes reduced proliferation and premature differentiation of embryonic neural progenitor cells. mLin41 was recently implicated as the E3 ubiquitin ligase that mediates degradation of Argonaute 2 (AGO2), a key effector of the microRNA pathway. However, our mechanistic studies of neural progenitor cells indicate mLin41 is not required for AGO2 ubiquitination or stability. Instead, mLin41-deficient neural progenitors exhibit hyposensitivity for fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling. We show that mLin41 promotes FGF signaling by directly binding to and enhancing the stability of Shc SH2-binding protein 1 (SHCBP1) and that SHCBP1 is an important component of FGF signaling in neural progenitor cells. Thus, mLin41 acts as a temporal regulator to promote neural progenitor cell maintenance, not via the regulation of AGO2 stability, but through FGF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfu Chen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Dong D, Meng L, Yu Q, Tan G, Ding M, Tan Y. Stable expression of FoxA1 promotes pluripotent P19 embryonal carcinoma cells to be neural stem-like cells. Gene Expr 2012; 15:153-62. [PMID: 22783724 PMCID: PMC6043842 DOI: 10.3727/105221612x13372578119571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
FoxA1 belongs to the fork head/winged-helix transcription factor family and participates in stimulating neuronal differentiation of pluripotent stem cells at early stages. To explore the biological roles of FoxA1 during this process, the stable expression of a GFP-FoxA1 fusion protein was established in P19 pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cells. Although they still express pluripotency-related transcription factors such as Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2, the generated P19 GFPFoxA1 cells exhibited a decreased activity of alkaline phosphatase and an increased expression of SSEA-3 compared with P19 cells. Elevated levels of nestin expression and prominin-1+ populations were observed in P19 GFPFoxA1 cells, implicating that the stable expression of FoxA1 promoted P19 cells to gain partial characteristics of neural stem cells. Furthermore, the promoter of nestin was confirmed to be bound and activated by FoxA1 directly. The expression of neuron-specific marker tubulin betaIII also existed in P19 GFPFoxA1 cells. P19 GFPFoxA1 cells showed an earlier onset of differentiation during RA-induced neuronal differentiation, evidenced by a more rapid change on the Nanog decrease and the tubulin betaIII increase. Thus, overexpression of FoxA1 alone may promote pluripotent P19 cells to become neural stem-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Difei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiqi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guixiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Miao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yongjun Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Isolation of radial glia-like neural stem cells from fetal and adult mouse forebrain via selective adhesion to a novel adhesive peptide-conjugate. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28538. [PMID: 22163310 PMCID: PMC3233537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Preferential adhesion of neural stem cells to surfaces covered with a novel synthetic adhesive polypeptide (AK-cyclo[RGDfC]) provided a unique, rapid procedure for isolating radial glia-like cells from both fetal and adult rodent brain. Radial glia-like (RGl) neural stem/progenitor cells grew readily on the peptide-covered surfaces under serum-free culture conditions in the presence of EGF as the only growth factor supplement. Proliferating cells derived either from fetal (E 14.5) forebrain or from different regions of the adult brain maintained several radial glia-specific features including nestin, RC2 immunoreactivity and Pax6, Sox2, Blbp, Glast gene expression. Proliferating RGl cells were obtained also from non-neurogenic zones including the parenchyma of the adult cerebral cortex and dorsal midbrain. Continuous proliferation allowed isolating one-cell derived clones of radial glia-like cells. All clones generated neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes under appropriate inducing conditions. Electrophysiological characterization indicated that passive conductance with large delayed rectifying potassium current might be a uniform feature of non-induced radial glia-like cells. Upon induction, all clones gave rise to GABAergic neurons. Significant differences were found, however, among the clones in the generation of glutamatergic and cathecolamine-synthesizing neurons and in the production of oligodendrocytes.
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29
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Qi J, Buzas K, Fan H, Cohen JI, Wang K, Mont E, Klinman D, Oppenheim JJ, Howard OMZ. Painful pathways induced by TLR stimulation of dorsal root ganglion neurons. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:6417-26. [PMID: 21515789 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesize that innate immune signals from infectious organisms and/or injured tissues may activate peripheral neuronal pain signals. In this study, we demonstrated that TLRs 3, 7, and 9 are expressed by human dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGNs) and in cultures of primary mouse DRGNs. Stimulation of murine DRGNs with TLR ligands induced expression and production of proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines CCL5 (RANTES), CXCL10 (IP-10), IL-1α, IL-1β, and PGE(2), which have previously been shown to augment pain. Further, TLR ligands upregulated the expression of a nociceptive receptor, transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), and enhanced calcium flux by TRPV1-expressing DRGNs. Using a tumor-induced temperature sensitivity model, we showed that in vivo administration of a TLR9 antagonist, known as a suppressive oligodeoxynucleotide, blocked tumor-induced temperature sensitivity. Taken together, these data indicate that stimulation of peripheral neurons by TLR ligands can induce nerve pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Qi
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammatory Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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30
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Generation of subtype-specific neurons from postnatal astroglia of the mouse cerebral cortex. Nat Protoc 2011; 6:214-28. [PMID: 21293461 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2010.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Instructing glial cells to generate neurons may prove to be a strategy to replace neurons that have degenerated. Here, we describe a robust protocol for the efficient in vitro conversion of postnatal astroglia from the mouse cerebral cortex into functional, synapse-forming neurons. This protocol involves two steps: (i) expansion of astroglial cells (7 d) and (ii) astroglia-to-neuron conversion induced by persistent and strong retroviral expression of Neurog2 (encoding neurogenin-2) or Mash1 (also referred to as achaete-scute complex homolog 1 or Ascl1) and/or distal-less homeobox 2 (Dlx2) for generation of glutamatergic or GABAergic neurons, respectively (7-21 d for different degrees of maturity). Our protocol of astroglia-to-neuron conversion by a single neurogenic transcription factor provides a stringent experimental system to study the specification of a selective neuronal subtype, thus offering an alternative to the use of embryonic or neural stem cells. Moreover, it can be a useful model for studies of lineage conversion from non-neuronal cells, with potential for brain regenerative medicine.
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31
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Tan Y, Xie Z, Ding M, Wang Z, Yu Q, Meng L, Zhu H, Huang X, Yu L, Meng X, Chen Y. Increased levels of FoxA1 transcription factor in pluripotent P19 embryonal carcinoma cells stimulate neural differentiation. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 19:1365-74. [PMID: 19916800 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2009.0386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor FoxA1 plays a critical role during embryonic development and is activated during retinoic acid (RA)-induced neural differentiation of pluripotent P19 embryonal carcinoma cells at the early stage, which is marked by decreased expression of Nanog and increased expression of neural stem cell marker Nestin. To further understand how FoxA1 mediates neural differentiation, we have overexpressed FoxA1 through an adenovirus vector in P19 cells and identified that early neurogenesis-related sonic hedgehog (Shh) gene is activated directly by FoxA1. Knockdown of FoxA1 expression during P19 cell neural differentiation results in prevention of Shh and Nestin induction. FoxA1 binds to Shh promoter at -486 to -462 bp region and activates the promoter in cotransfection assays. Furthermore, overexpression of FoxA1 alone in P19 cells stimulates expression of Nestin and results in decreased protein levels of Nanog. During RA-induced P19 cell differentiation, elevated levels of FoxA1 increase the population of neurons, evidenced by stimulated expression of neuron-specific Neurofilament-1 and Tubulin betaIII. Together, our results suggest a critical involvement of FoxA1 in stimulating neural differentiation of pluripotent stem cells at early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Tan
- Biomedical Engineering Center and State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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32
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Survival and differentiation of neuroectodermal cells with stem cell properties at different oxygen levels. Exp Neurol 2010; 227:136-48. [PMID: 20969864 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Freeze-lesioned regions of the forebrain cortex provide adequate environment for growth of non-differentiated neural progenitors, but do not support their neuron formation. Reduced oxygen supply, among numerous factors, was suspected to impair neuronal cell fate commitment. In the present study, proliferation and differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells were investigated at different oxygen levels both in vitro and in vivo. Low (1% atmospheric) oxygen supply did not affect the in vitro viability and proliferation of stem cells or the transcription of "stemness" genes but impaired the viability of committed neuronal progenitors and the expression of proneural and neuronal genes. Consequently, the rate of in vitro neuron formation was markedly reduced under hypoxic conditions. In vivo, neural stem/progenitor cells survived and proliferated in freeze-lesioned adult mouse forebrains, but did not develop into neurons. Hypoperfusion-caused hypoxia in lesioned cortices was partially corrected by hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT). HBOT, while reduced the rate of cell proliferation at the lesion site, resulted in sporadic neuron formation from implanted neural stem cells. The data indicate that in hypoxic brain areas, neural stem cells survive and proliferate, but neural tissue-type differentiation can not proceed. Oxygenation renders the damaged brain areas more permissive for tissue-type differentiation and may help the integration of neural stem/progenitor cells.
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Xie Z, Tan G, Ding M, Dong D, Chen T, Meng X, Huang X, Tan Y. Foxm1 transcription factor is required for maintenance of pluripotency of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 38:8027-38. [PMID: 20702419 PMCID: PMC3001083 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor Foxm1 plays a critical role during embryonic development and its expression is repressed during retinoic acid (RA)-induced differentiation of pluripotent P19 embryonal carcinoma cells at the early stage, correlated with downregulation of expression of pluripotency markers. To study whether Foxm1 participates in the maintenance of pluripotency of stem cells, we knock down Foxm1 expression in P19 cells and identify that Oct4 are regulated directly by Foxm1. Knockdown of Foxm1 also results in spontaneous differentiation of P19 cells to mesodermal derivatives, such as muscle and adipose tissues. Maintaining Foxm1 expression prevents the downregulation of pluripotency-related transcription factors such as Oct4 and Nanog during P19 cell differentiation. Furthermore, overexpression of FOXM1 alone in RA-differentiated P19 cells (4 days) or human newborn fibroblasts restarts the expression of pluripotent genes Oct4, Nanog and Sox2. Together, our results suggest a critical involvement of Foxm1 in maintenance of stem cell pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqiu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
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34
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Ling KH, Hewitt CA, Beissbarth T, Hyde L, Cheah PS, Smyth GK, Tan SS, Hahn CN, Thomas T, Thomas PQ, Scott HS. Spatiotemporal regulation of multiple overlapping sense and novel natural antisense transcripts at the Nrgn and Camk2n1 gene loci during mouse cerebral corticogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 21:683-97. [PMID: 20693275 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhq141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Nrgn and Camk2n1 are highly expressed in the brain and play an important role in synaptic long-term potentiation via regulation of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. We have shown that the gene loci for these 2 proteins are actively transcribed in the adult cerebral cortex and feature multiple overlapping transcripts in both the sense and antisense orientations with alternative polyadenylation. These transcripts were upregulated in the adult compared with embryonic and P1.5 mouse cerebral cortices, and transcripts with different 3' untranslated region lengths showed differing expression profiles. In situ hybridization (ISH) analysis revealed spatiotemporal regulation of the Nrgn and Camk2n1 sense and natural antisense transcripts (NATs) throughout cerebral corticogenesis. In addition, we also demonstrated that the expression of these transcripts was organ-specific. Both Nrgn and Camk2n1 sense and NATs were also upregulated in differentiating P19 teratocarcinoma cells. RNA fluorescent ISH analysis confirmed the capability of these NATs to form double-stranded RNA aggregates with the sense transcripts in the cytoplasm of cells obtained from the brain. We propose that the differential regulation of multiple sense and novel overlapping NATs at the Nrgn and Camk2n1 loci will increase the diversity of posttranscriptional regulation, resulting in cell- and time-specific regulation of their gene products during cerebral corticogenesis and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- King-Hwa Ling
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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Varga B, Markó K, Hádinger N, Jelitai M, Demeter K, Tihanyi K, Vas A, Madarász E. Translocator protein (TSPO 18kDa) is expressed by neural stem and neuronal precursor cells. Neurosci Lett 2009; 462:257-62. [PMID: 19545604 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Translocator protein 18 kDa, the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor by its earlier name, is a mitochondrial membrane protein associated with the mitochondrial permeability pore. While the function of the protein is not properly understood, it is known to play roles in necrotic and apoptotic processes of the neural tissue. In the healthy adult brain, TSPO expression is restricted to glial cells. In developing or damaged neural regions, however, TSPO appears in differentiating/regenerating neurons. Using immunocytochemical, molecular biological and cell biological techniques, we demonstrate that TSPO mRNA and protein, while missing from mature neurons, are present in neural stem cells and also in postmitotic neuronal precursors. Investigating some distinct stages of in vitro differentiation of NE-4C neural stem cells, TSPO 18 kDa was found to be repressed in a relatively late phase of neuron formation, when mature neuron-specific features appear. This timing indicates that mitochondria in fully developed neurons display specific characteristics and provides an additional marker for characterising neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Varga
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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36
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Hádinger N, Varga BV, Berzsenyi S, Környei Z, Madarász E, Herberth B. Astroglia genesis in vitro: distinct effects of retinoic acid in different phases of neural stem cell differentiation. Int J Dev Neurosci 2009; 27:365-75. [PMID: 19460631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Revised: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the developing CNS, the manifestation of the macro-glial phenotypes is delayed behind the formation of neurons. The "neurons first--glia second" principle seems to be valid for neural tissue differentiation throughout the neuraxis, but the reasons behind are far from clear. In the presented study, the mechanisms of this timing were investigated in vitro, in the course of the neural differentiation of one cell derived NE-4C neuroectodermal stem and P19 embryonic carcinoma cells. The data demonstrated that astrocyte formation coincided in time with the maturation of postmitotic neurons, but the close vicinity of neurons did not initiate astrocyte formation before schedule. All-trans retinoic acid, a well-known inducer of neuronal differentiation, on the other hand, blocked effectively the astroglia production if present in defined stages of the in vitro neuroectodermal cell differentiation. According to the data, retinoic acid plays at least a dual role in astrogliogenesis: while it is needed for committing neural progenitors for a future production of astrocytes, it prevents premature astrogliogenesis by inhibiting the differentiation of primed glial progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nóra Hádinger
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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