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Alfadul H, Sabico S, Alnaami AM, Amer OE, Hussain SD, Wani K, Clerici M, Al-Daghri NM. Acute Glycemic Control in Prediabetes Individuals Favorably Alters Serum NLRP3 Inflammasome and Related Interleukins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13837. [PMID: 37762140 PMCID: PMC10530894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia associated with prediabetes (PD) alters NLRP3 inflammasome activity and related interleukins, yet no study has evaluated the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex and related interleukins in individuals with a PD condition that did or did not develop type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study investigated the effect of 6 months of lifestyle modification on the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome and related interleukins (1α, 1β, 18, 33 and 37) in the sera of individuals with a PD condition that did or did not develop T2DM. This interventional study included 67 Saudi adults (mean age = 41.9 ± 8.0 years, mean BMI = 33.2 ± 5.5 kg/m2). Overnight-fasting serum samples were collected at baseline and at the 6-month follow-up. Serum levels of NLRP3, capsase-1 and related ILs were analyzed at both visits using commercially available immunoassay kits. Results showed that IL-1α increased in the PD group that developed T2DM (p = 0.046), IL-33 decreased in the PD group that reverted to normal (p < 0.001) and NLRP3 decreased in the PD group that remained PD (p = 0.01). Results also showed a positive over-time correlation between NLRP3 and both IL-1α and IL-33 (p < 0.001 and p = 0.028, respectively). In conclusion, glycemic control favorably altered NLRP3 inflammasome complex activity, and lifestyle modification in PD individuals is crucial in reversing harmful metabolic and inflammatory phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Alfadul
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaun Sabico
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. Alnaami
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama E. Amer
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed D. Hussain
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kaiser Wani
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mario Clerici
- Department of Medical-Surgery Physiopathology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Nasser M. Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Maes B, Fayazpour F, Catrysse L, Lornet G, Van De Velde E, De Wolf C, De Prijck S, Van Moorleghem J, Vanheerswynghels M, Deswarte K, Descamps B, Vanhove C, Van der Schueren B, Vangoitsenhoven R, Hammad H, Janssens S, Lambrecht BN. STE20 kinase TAOK3 regulates type 2 immunity and metabolism in obesity. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20210788. [PMID: 37347461 PMCID: PMC10287548 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy adipose tissue (AT) contains ST2+ Tregs, ILC2s, and alternatively activated macrophages that are lost in mice or humans on high caloric diet. Understanding how this form of type 2 immunity is regulated could improve treatment of obesity. The STE20 kinase Thousand And One amino acid Kinase-3 (TAOK3) has been linked to obesity in mice and humans, but its precise function is unknown. We found that ST2+ Tregs are upregulated in visceral epididymal white AT (eWAT) of Taok3-/- mice, dependent on IL-33 and the kinase activity of TAOK3. Upon high fat diet feeding, metabolic dysfunction was attenuated in Taok3-/- mice. ST2+ Tregs disappeared from eWAT in obese wild-type mice, but this was not the case in Taok3-/- mice. Mechanistically, AT Taok3-/- Tregs were intrinsically more responsive to IL-33, through higher expression of ST2, and expressed more PPARγ and type 2 cytokines. Thus, TAOK3 inhibits adipose tissue Tregs and regulates immunometabolism under excessive caloric intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan Maes
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory for Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Farzaneh Fayazpour
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory for Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leen Catrysse
- Cellular and Molecular (Patho)Physiology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Lornet
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Van De Velde
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory for Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Caroline De Wolf
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie De Prijck
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Justine Van Moorleghem
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Manon Vanheerswynghels
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kim Deswarte
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Descamps
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems, IBiTech-MEDISIP-Infinity Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian Vanhove
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems, IBiTech-MEDISIP-Infinity Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Van der Schueren
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roman Vangoitsenhoven
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hamida Hammad
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Janssens
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory for Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart N. Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam Netherlands
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Witkowska A, Staciwa M, Duraj I, Wozniak E, Broncel M, Gorzelak-Pabis P. Interleukin-33/sST2: Dynamic assessment in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Adv Med Sci 2023; 68:195-201. [PMID: 37216709 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Interleukin (IL)-33 and its soluble receptor ST2 (sST2) play a crucial role in the immune response. sST2 has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a prognostic biomarker of mortality in chronic heart failure patients, however, the role of IL-33 and sST2 in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains unclear. The aim of this study was to measure serum level of IL-33 and sST2 of patients at the onset of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and 3 months after primary percutaneous revascularization. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty patients were divided into ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) group, non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and unstable angina (UA) group. IL-33 and sST2 level were measured with ELISA. Additionally, IL-33 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), was evaluated. RESULTS All ACS patients had a significantly lower level of sST2 3 months after ACS as compared to the baseline (p < 0.039). The STEMI patients had higher serum levels of IL-33 at the moment of ACS as compared to 3 months after the event, with an average decrease of 17.87 pg/ml (p < 0.007). Conversely, sST2 serum levels were still high after 3 months following an ACS in STEMI patients. ROC curve demonstrated that increased IL-33 serum level could be STEMI predictor. CONCLUSIONS The assessment of the baseline and dynamics of changes in IL-33 and sST2 concentrations in patients with ACS may be important for the diagnostic process and may help in understanding of how the immune mechanisms work at the moment of an ACS event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Witkowska
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Staciwa
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Iwona Duraj
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Wozniak
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marlena Broncel
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Gorzelak-Pabis
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Singh H, Khadanga S, Goel SK, Majumder S, Baig MS, Bhatia V, Chaudhary N, Saluja R. Evaluation of interleukin-33 & sST2 levels in type-2 diabetic mellitus patients with or without metabolic syndrome. Indian J Med Res 2023; 157:470-476. [PMID: 37955221 PMCID: PMC10443722 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1444_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by increase in blood glucose levels due to defective insulin secretion or insulin sensitivity. Interleukins (ILs) are known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of DM. The aim of this study was to investigate the serum concentration of IL-33 and its receptor soluble ST2 (sST2) in patients with diabetes and draw a correlation between their serum levels and different standard glycaemic indices of patients affected with type-2 diabetes with or without metabolic syndrome. Methods Thirty type-2 diabetic individuals and 30 healthy controls were recruited for this study. Serum and plasma were separated by centrifugation of blood for quantitative measurement of IL-33, sST2 and other biochemical parameters. Results It was observed that serum IL-33 levels were significantly less and sST2 levels were significantly high in type-2 diabetic individuals as compared to healthy controls. A significant correlation between the serum IL-33 concentration and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) levels were also found. Additionally, data also elucidated that serum levels of high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein or triglyceride in type-2 diabetics did not influence the serum levels of IL-33 and sST2, thereby excluding these factors as the major drivers of changes in serum IL-33 and sST2 concentration. Interpretation & conclusions This study demonstrated alteration in serum levels of IL-33 and sST2 in type-2 diabetic individuals. Further mechanistic studies, focusing on the progression of type-2 diabetes could elucidate the involvement of IL-33 in the cellular acquisition of insulin resistance as observed in type-2 diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sagar Khadanga
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sudhir K. Goel
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Syamantak Majumder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Sciences, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mirza S. Baig
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vikas Bhatia
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| | - Neha Chaudhary
- Department of Community & Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Rohit Saluja
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
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Unveiling IL-33/ST2 Pathway Unbalance in Cardiac Remodeling Due to Obesity in Zucker Fatty Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031991. [PMID: 36768322 PMCID: PMC9916239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an epidemic condition linked to cardiovascular disease severity and mortality. Fat localization and type represent cardiovascular risk estimators. Importantly, visceral fat secretes adipokines known to promote low-grade inflammation that, in turn, modulate its secretome and cardiac metabolism. In this regard, IL-33 regulates the functions of various immune cells through ST2 binding and-following its role as an immune sensor to infection and stress-is involved in the pro-fibrotic remodeling of the myocardium. Here we further investigated the IL-33/ST2 effects on cardiac remodeling in obesity, focusing on molecular pathways linking adipose-derived IL-33 to the development of fibrosis or hypertrophy. We analyzed the Zucker Fatty rat model, and we developed in vitro models to mimic the adipose and myocardial relationship. We demonstrated a dysregulation of IL-33/ST2 signaling in both adipose and cardiac tissue, where they affected Epac proteins and myocardial gene expression, linked to pro-fibrotic signatures. In Zucker rats, pro-fibrotic effects were counteracted by ghrelin-induced IL-33 secretion, whose release influenced transcription factor expression and ST2 isoforms balance regulation. Finally, the effect of IL-33 signaling is dependent on several factors, such as cell types' origin and the balancing of ST2 isoforms. Noteworthy, it is reasonable to state that considering IL-33 to have a unique protective role should be considered over-simplistic.
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Interleukin-33 inhibits glucose uptake in human adipocytes and its expression in adipose tissue is elevated in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Cytokine 2023; 161:156080. [PMID: 36368230 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is associated with obesity-related inflammation. We aim to investigate IL-33 expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) subjects and its effects on human adipocyte glucose uptake. METHODS Expression of IL-33 was analysed in SAT from cohort studies including subjects with and without obesity and T2D and correlated with insulin resistance and obesity markers. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of tissue fat volumes was performed. We investigated the effects of IL-33 treatment on ex vivo adipocyte glucose uptake. RESULTS T2D subjects had higher IL-33 gene and protein expression in SAT than the control subjects. IL-33 mRNA expression was positively correlated with markers of dysglycemia (e.g. HbA1c), insulin resistance (e.g. HOMA-IR) and adiposity (BMI, visceral adipose tissue volume, liver and pancreas fat %). In multiple linear regression analyses, insulin resistance and T2D status were the strongest predictors of IL-33, independent of BMI. IL-33 mRNA expression was negatively correlated with expression of genes regulating adipocyte glucose uptake, lipid storage, and adipogenesis (e.g.glucose transporter 1 and 4 (GLUT1/4), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), and PPARG). Additionally, incubation of SAT with IL-33 reduced adipocyte glucose uptake and GLUT4 gene and protein expression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that T2D subjects have higher IL-33 gene and protein expressionin SATthan control subjects, which is associated with insulin resistance and reduced gene expression of lipid storage and adipogenesis markers. IL-33 may reduce adipocyte glucose uptake. This opens up a potential pharmacological route for reversing insulin resistance in T2D and prediabetes.
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Adiponectin and Interleukin-33: Possible Early Markers of Metabolic Syndrome. J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010132. [PMID: 36614933 PMCID: PMC9821697 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is one of the most important molecules in the body's compensatory response to the development of insulin resistance. By trying to maintain insulin sensitivity, increase insulin secretion and prevent inflammation, adiponectin tries to maintain glucose homeostasis. Interleukin-33, which belongs to the group of alarmins, also promotes insulin secretion. Interleukin-33 might be either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory depending on the disease and the model. However, interleukin-33 has shown various protective effects in CVD, obesity and diabetes. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between adiponectin and interleukin-33 in patients with metabolic syndrome. As expected, all patients with metabolic syndrome had worse parameters that represent the hallmark of metabolic syndrome compared to the control group. In the subgroup of patients with low adiponectin, we observed less pronounced characteristics of metabolic syndrome simultaneously with significantly higher values of interleukin-33 compared to the subgroup of patients with high adiponectin. Our findings suggested that adiponectin might be an early marker of metabolic syndrome that emerges before anthropomorphic, biochemical and clinical parameters. We also suggest that both interleukin-33 and adiponectin may be used to predict the inflammatory status in the early stage of metabolic syndrome.
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Yi XM, Lian H, Li S. Signaling and functions of interleukin-33 in immune regulation and diseases. CELL INSIGHT 2022; 1:100042. [PMID: 37192860 PMCID: PMC10120307 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2022.100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) which belongs to the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family is an alarmin cytokine with critical roles in tissue homeostasis, pathogenic infection, inflammation, allergy and type 2 immunity. IL-33 transmits signals through its receptor IL-33R (also called ST2) which is expressed on the surface of T helper 2 (Th2) cells and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), thus inducing transcription of Th2-associated cytokine genes and host defense against pathogens. Moreover, the IL-33/IL-33R axis is also involved in development of multiple types of immune-related diseases. In this review, we focus on current progress on IL-33-trigggered signaling events, the important functions of IL-33/IL-33R axis in health and diseases as well as the promising therapeutic implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Mei Yi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Research Unit of Innate Immune and Inflammatory Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Huan Lian
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06536, USA
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Research Unit of Innate Immune and Inflammatory Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
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Antuna-Puente B, Fellahi S, McAvoy C, Fève B, Bastard JP. Interleukins in adipose tissue: Keeping the balance. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 542:111531. [PMID: 34910978 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of the immune system is to defend the host and preserve the functionality in response to stress. This function is not limited to infection or injury as it also plays a role in the response to overnutrition. Indeed, low-grade chronic activation of the immune system associated with overnutrition may be deleterious, contributing importantly to diabetes and long-term complications, such as cardiovascular disorders. Increasing evidence shows that adipose tissue participates in the obesity-related inflammatory response and that interleukins are one of the key players, either as a pro-inflammatory response to the metabolic dysregulation or to restore homeostasis. The crosstalk between adipocytes and immune cells through some important interleukins and their role in metabolic disruption is the topic of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Antuna-Puente
- Infection Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Soraya Fellahi
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Département de Biochimie-pharmacologie-biologie Moléculaire-génétique Médicale, Créteil, France; Sorbonne Université-Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine UMR S_938, 75012, Paris Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-Métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
| | - Chloé McAvoy
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de L'Est Parisien (URC-Est), Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Fève
- Sorbonne Université-Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine UMR S_938, 75012, Paris Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-Métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France; Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris -Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service D'Endocrinologie-Diabétologie, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de L'Insulino-Sécrétion et de L'Insulino-Sensibilité (PRISIS), 75012, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Bastard
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Département de Biochimie-pharmacologie-biologie Moléculaire-génétique Médicale, Créteil, France; FHU-SENEC, INSERM U955 and Université Paris Est (UPEC), UMR U955, Faculté de Santé, Créteil, France
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10
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Serum IL-33 as a biomarker in different diseases: useful parameter or much need for clarification? J Circ Biomark 2021; 10:20-25. [PMID: 34858526 PMCID: PMC8634375 DOI: 10.33393/jcb.2021.2327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a member of the IL-1 family, is critically involved in the modulation of the activity of a diverse range of immunocompetent cells. Essential roles have been implicated in cardioprotection, in both innate and adaptive immune responses in mucosal organs, and in the maintenance of adipose tissue cells. Over the past 10 years, several studies evaluated the usability of IL-33 as a biomarker in diseases of inflammatory and noninflammatory origin. Our group is currently evaluating the predictive role of serum IL-33 in acute kidney injury (AKI). The aim of the article is to discuss selected studies on IL-33 in different diseases and its potential role as a biomarker molecule.
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Eroglu S, Cakmakliogullari EK. Decreased serum profile of the interleukin-36α in polycystic ovary syndrome. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 60:1018-1022. [PMID: 34794731 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the serum adiponectin and interleukin-36 alpha (IL-36α) levels in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and their relationship with obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS This observatory study included 80 PCOS patients and 58 controls. The clinical, biochemical, and hormonal parameters, and serum adiponectin and IL-36α levels of the patients were evaluated. RESULTS The serum IL-36α levels of the PCOS patients were significantly lower when compared to the control group, despite a similar mean body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.000). The adiponectin levels were significantly lower in the obese PCOS group when compared to the obese control group (P = 0.03). The plasma IL-36α level was positively correlated with adiponectin level, but negatively correlated with the serum LH level (P = 0.000 and P = 0.004, respectively). Using receiver operating characteristic analysis, the cut-off value of IL-36α was calculated as 0.815 for PCOS. In the multiple binary logistic regression analysis, IL-36α (OR [95% CI] 0.432 [0.303, 0.616], P < 0.001) and adiponectin (OR [95% CI] 1.044 [1.005, 1.084], P = 0.028) were determined to be significantly associated with PCOS. CONCLUSION A reduced IL-36α level may play a role in the pathogenesis of ovulatory disfunction and insulin resistance in PCOS patients. Further studies are needed to understand the pathogenic and clinical significance of the IL-36 system in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semra Eroglu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Samsun University, Konya, Turkey.
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O'Brien CJO, Haberman ER, Domingos AI. A Tale of Three Systems: Toward a Neuroimmunoendocrine Model of Obesity. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2021; 37:549-573. [PMID: 34613819 PMCID: PMC7614880 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-120319-114106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is on the rise. What was once considered a simple disease of energy imbalance is now recognized as a complex condition perpetuated by neuro- and immunopathologies. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the neuroimmunoendocrine mechanisms underlying obesity. We examine the pleiotropic effects of leptin action in addition to its established role in the modulation of appetite, and we discuss the neural circuitry mediating leptin action and how this is altered with obesity, both centrally (leptin resistance) and in adipose tissues (sympathetic neuropathy). Finally, we dissect the numerous causal and consequential roles of adipose tissue macrophages in obesity and highlight recent key studies demonstrating their direct role in organismal energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conan J O O'Brien
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom;
| | - Emma R Haberman
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom;
| | - Ana I Domingos
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom;
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Meliț LE, Mărginean CO, Mărginean CD, Săsăran MO. The Peculiar Trialogue between Pediatric Obesity, Systemic Inflammatory Status, and Immunity. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060512. [PMID: 34207683 PMCID: PMC8229553 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric obesity is not only an energetic imbalance, but also a chronic complex multisystem disorder that might impair both the life length and quality. Its pandemic status should increase worldwide awareness regarding the long-term life-threatening associated complications. Obesity related complications, such as cardiovascular, metabolic, or hepatic ones, affect both short and long-term wellbeing, and they do not spare pediatric subjects, defined as life-threatening consequences of the systemic inflammatory status triggered by the adipose tissue. The energetic imbalance of obesity clearly results in adipocytes hypertrophy and hyperplasia expressing different degrees of chronic inflammation. Adipose tissue might be considered an immune organ due to its rich content in a complex array of immune cells, among which the formerly mentioned macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, but also eosinophils along with T and B cells, acting together to maintain the tissue homeostasis in normal weight individuals. Adipokines belong to the class of innate immunity humoral effectors, and they play a crucial role in amplifying the immune responses with a subsequent trigger effect on leukocyte activation. The usefulness of complete cellular blood count parameters, such as leukocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, erythrocytes, and platelets as predictors of obesity-triggered inflammation, was also proved in pediatric patients with overweight or obesity. The dogma that adipose tissue is a simple energy storage tissue is no longer accepted since it has been proved that it also has an incontestable multifunctional role acting like a true standalone organ resembling to endocrine or immune organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Elena Meliț
- Department of Pediatrics I, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No 38, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (L.E.M.); (C.D.M.)
| | - Cristina Oana Mărginean
- Department of Pediatrics I, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No 38, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (L.E.M.); (C.D.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-723-278543
| | - Cristian Dan Mărginean
- Department of Pediatrics I, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No 38, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (L.E.M.); (C.D.M.)
| | - Maria Oana Săsăran
- Department of Pediatrics III, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No 38, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
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Jimenez MT, Michieletto MF, Henao-Mejia J. A new perspective on mesenchymal-immune interactions in adipose tissue. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:375-388. [PMID: 33849777 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian immune system has crucial homeostatic functions in different adipose depots. However, white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation is a hallmark of obesity and can contribute to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recently, mesenchymal cells were identified as highly heterogenous populations displaying specialized immune functions in immune cell migration, activation, survival, and overall lymphoid tissue organization in several tissues. How they regulate the inflammatory milieu within different adipose depots remains unknown. Using recently published single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq) data sets, we analyze cytokine and chemokine expression of mouse WAT mesenchymal cell subpopulations to highlight potential immunological heterogeneity and specialization, hypothesizing on their immunological functions. This new perspective on immune-mesenchymal cell interactions in adipose tissue may promote studies that heighten our understanding of immune cell processes within WAT during health and obesity. We hope that these studies redefine our knowledge of the roles of mesenchymal cells in regulating adipose tissue inflammation and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica T Jimenez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michaël F Michieletto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jorge Henao-Mejia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Protective Immunity, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Tang H, Liu N, Feng X, Yang Y, Fang Y, Zhuang S, Dai Y, Liu M, Tang L. Circulating levels of IL-33 are elevated by obesity and positively correlated with metabolic disorders in Chinese adults. J Transl Med 2021; 19:52. [PMID: 33541367 PMCID: PMC7863234 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02711-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-33 (IL-33) plays a pivotal role in regulating innate immune response and metabolic homeostasis. However, whether its circulating level is correlated with obesity and metabolic disorders in humans remains largely unknown. We aimed to address this gap by determining IL-33 serum level and its downstream type 2 inflammatory cytokines interleukin-5 (IL-5) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) in overweight/obese population, and analyzing the specific associations between IL-33 and obesity metabolic phenotypes. METHODS 217 subjects were enrolled and divided into three groups: healthy control (HC) subjects, metabolically healthy overweight/obese (MHOO) subjects and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obese (MUOO) subjects. Circulating levels of IL-33, IL-5 and IL-13 were measured using ELISA analyses. Multivariate regression analyses were further performed to determine the independent association between IL-33 and obesity metabolic phenotypes. RESULTS Circulating levels of IL-33 were significantly elevated in subjects of MUOO group compared with HC group and MHOO group, while no significant difference was observed between the latter two groups in IL-33 levels. Consistent with this, serum levels of IL-5/13 were higher in the MUOO group compared with HC and MHOO groups. After adjusted for all confounders, MUOO phenotype was significantly associated with increased IL-33 serum levels (OR = 1.70; 95% CI 1.09-2.64; p = 0.019). With the MHOO group as the reference population, higher circulating level of IL-33 was also positively associated with MUOO phenotype after adjusting for confounders (OR = 1.50; 95% CI 1.20-1.88; p = 2.91E-4). However, there was no significant association between MHOO phenotype and IL-33 levels (p = 0.942). Trend analysis further confirmed the positive correlation between MUOO phenotype and IL-33 level (p for trend = 0.019). Additionally, IL-33 was significantly and positively correlated with diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol (TC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil and IL-5 only in MUOO group, while inversely correlated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in MHOO subjects. CONCLUSION Circulating levels of IL-33 were significantly elevated in overweight/obese Chinese adults with metabolic disorders. Increased levels of IL-33 were positively associated with metabolically unhealthy overweight/obese phenotype and several metabolic syndrome risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoneng Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Medical College, Yueyang Vocational and Technical College, Yueyang, 414000, China
| | - Xiaojing Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yanyi Yang
- Health Management Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yiyuan Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Siqi Zhuang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yufeng Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Meilian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Lingli Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
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Beneventi F, Locatelli E, De Amici M, Cavagnoli C, Bellingeri C, De Maggio I, Ruspini B, Spinillo A. Maternal and fetal Leptin and interleukin 33 concentrations in pregnancy complicated by obesity and preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 33:3942-3948. [PMID: 30856361 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1593359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate maternal and fetal Leptin and IL33 concentrations in pregnancy complicated by obesity and preeclampsia.Study design: A case-control study including 35 subjects with obesity (18 normotensive and 17 preeclamptic) and 47 normal weight controls (42 normotensive and 5 preeclamptic).Main outcome measures: Leptin and IL33 concentrations in maternal serum during pregnancy and in cord blood; uterine artery and umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry.Results: Subjects with obesity who developed preeclampsia had higher first trimester maternal (41.5, interquartile range (IQR) = 15.7-65.1 ng/ml) Leptin concentrations compared to either normal weight with (25, IQR = 20.4-25.8 ng/ml) and without hypertension (14.26, IQR = 8.2-22.8) (p < .05) or normotensive subjects with obesity (30.3, IQR = 10.4-38.4) (p < .05). Subjects with obesity who developed preeclampsia (2.4, IQR = 1.7-3.2 pg/ml) or not (1.4, IQR = 0.8-2 pg/ml) had lower first trimester maternal IL33 levels when compared to controls without hypertension (4.8, IQR = 2.9-5.9 pg/ml) (p < .001). Cord blood Leptin and IL33 concentrations were significantly correlated to third trimester maternal concentrations (Spearman rho = 0.51, p < .001 and Spearman rho = 0.68, p < .001, respectively). Uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) were significantly and directly correlated with maternal Leptin levels (p < .002) and inversely and statistically correlated with maternal IL33 concentrations (p < .001).Conclusions: Compared to lean controls, pregnant subjects with obesity had higher serum Leptin and lower IL33 concentrations at first trimester and during pregnancy. This difference persisted also for those who later developed preeclampsia. The relationship between maternal serum levels of Leptin and IL33 with uterine artery Doppler pulsatility index strongly suggests a role of these two markers in early placentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausta Beneventi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Locatelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mara De Amici
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Cavagnoli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Camilla Bellingeri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Irene De Maggio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Beatrice Ruspini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Arsenio Spinillo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Liu W, Li D, Cao H, Li H, Wang Y. Expansion and inflammation of white adipose tissue - focusing on adipocyte progenitors. Biol Chem 2020; 402:123-132. [PMID: 33544474 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an important organ in our body, participating not only in energy metabolism but also immune regulation. It is broadly classified as white (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissues. WAT is highly heterogeneous, composed of adipocytes, various immune, progenitor and stem cells, as well as the stromal vascular populations. The expansion and inflammation of WAT are hallmarks of obesity and play a causal role in the development of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The primary event triggering the inflammatory expansion of WAT remains unclear. The present review focuses on the role of adipocyte progenitors (APS), which give rise to specialized adipocytes, in obesity-associated WAT expansion, inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dahui Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Handi Cao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Haoyun Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Hasan A, Kochumon S, Al-Ozairi E, Tuomilehto J, Al-Mulla F, Ahmad R. Correlation Profile of Suppression of Tumorigenicity 2 and/or Interleukin-33 with Biomarkers in the Adipose Tissue of Individuals with Different Metabolic States. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:3839-3859. [PMID: 33116731 PMCID: PMC7586022 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s251978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) has two main splice variants including a membrane bound (ST2) form, which activates the myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, and a secreted soluble form (sST2), which acts as a decoy receptor for ST2 ligand, interleukin (IL)-33. The IL-33/ST2 axis is protective against obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). In humans, adipose tissue IL-33 displays distinct correlation profiles with glycated hemoglobin, ST2, and other immunometabolic mediators, depending on the glycemic health of the individuals. We determined whether adipose tissue ST2 displays distinct correlation profiles with immunometabolic mediators and whether ST2 and/or IL-33 are correlated with intracellular signaling molecules. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 91 adults with normal glycemia, prediabetes, and T2D were included. After measuring their anthropometric and biochemical parameters, subcutaneous adipose tissues were isolated and mRNA expression of biomarkers was measured. RESULTS In individuals with normal glycemia, adipose tissue ST2 was directly correlated with chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)-2, CCL5, IL-12, fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2) and interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-4, but inversely correlated with cytochrome C oxidase subunit 7A1. IL-33 and ST2 were directly correlated with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), NF-κB, and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5). In individuals with prediabetes, ST2 was inversely correlated with IL-5, whereas IL-33 but not ST2 was directly correlated with MyD88 and NF-κB. In individuals with T2D, ST2 was directly correlated with CCL2, IL-1β, and IRF5. IL-33 and ST2 were directly correlated with MyD88, TRAF6, and NF-κB. CONCLUSION Adipose tissue ST2 and IL-33 show different correlation profiles with various immunometabolic biomarkers depending on the metabolic state of the individuals. Therefore, targeting the IL-33/ST2 axis might form the basis for novel therapies to combat metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Hasan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Correspondence: Amal Hasan Email
| | - Shihab Kochumon
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ebaa Al-Ozairi
- Clinical Research Unit, Medical Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Research Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National School of Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Functional Genomics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Rasheed Ahmad
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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Hasan A, Aldhahi W. Soluble Suppression of Tumorigenicity 2 is Directly Correlated with Glycated Hemoglobin in Individuals with an Average glycemia in the Normal/Prediabetes Range. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:2711-2718. [PMID: 32801817 PMCID: PMC7413703 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s251135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiovascular disease can be detected in individuals with prediabetes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2), which is elevated in cardiovascular disease and/or type 2 diabetes, is correlated with glycated haemoglobin in individuals with glycemia in the normal/prediabetes range. PATIENTS AND METHODS The anthropometric, biochemical and metabolic parameters were measured in 30 adults, and the plasma levels of sST2 were quantified. RESULTS sST2 was directly correlated with glycated hemoglobin in individuals with glycemia in the normal/prediabetes range. Participants who were at the higher end of glycated hemoglobin (5.8-6.4%) had significantly higher sST2 compared to those at the lower end (≤5.5%). Moreover, sST2 was directly correlated with homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), alkaline phosphatase, and waist circumference. However, the correlation between sST2 and HOMA-IR or waist circumference was lost after adjusting for age, gender or body mass index. CONCLUSION Circulating sST2 may be used to establish a cut-off value for cardiometabolic risk/disease in individuals with glycemia in the normal/prediabetes range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Hasan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Correspondence: Amal Hasan Email
| | - Waleed Aldhahi
- Medical Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Department of Medicine, Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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20
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Banhos Danneskiold-Samsøe N, Sonne SB, Larsen JM, Hansen AN, Fjære E, Isidor MS, Petersen S, Henningsen J, Severi I, Sartini L, Schober Y, Wolf J, Nockher WA, Wolfrum C, Cinti S, Sina C, Hansen JB, Madsen L, Brix S, Kristiansen K. Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 in adipocytes reduces fat accumulation in inguinal white adipose tissue and hepatic steatosis in high-fat fed mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8979. [PMID: 31222118 PMCID: PMC6586826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45062-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenases are known as important regulators of metabolism and immune processes via conversion of C20 fatty acids into various regulatory lipid mediators, and cyclooxygenase activity has been implicated in browning of white adipose tissues. We generated transgenic (TG) C57BL/6 mice expressing the Ptgs2 gene encoding cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in mature adipocytes. TG mice fed a high-fat diet displayed marginally lower weight gain with less hepatic steatosis and a slight improvement in insulin sensitivity, but no difference in glucose tolerance. Compared to littermate wildtype mice, TG mice selectively reduced inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) mass and fat cell size, whereas the epididymal (eWAT) fat depot remained unchanged. The changes in iWAT were accompanied by increased levels of specific COX-derived lipid mediators and increased mRNA levels of interleukin-33, interleukin-4 and arginase-1, but not increased expression of uncoupling protein 1 or increased energy expenditure. Epididymal WAT (eWAT) in TG mice exhibited few changes except from increased infiltration with eosinophils. Our findings suggest a role for COX-2-derived lipid mediators from adipocytes in mediating type 2 immunity cues in subcutaneous WAT associated with decreased hepatic steatosis, but with no accompanying induction of browning and increased energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Banhos Danneskiold-Samsøe
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Si Brask Sonne
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Madura Larsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ann Normann Hansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Even Fjære
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 7800, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marie Sophie Isidor
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sidsel Petersen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeanette Henningsen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ilenia Severi
- School of Medicine, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Tronto 10/A, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Loris Sartini
- School of Medicine, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Tronto 10/A, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Yvonne Schober
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Wolf
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - W Andreas Nockher
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, SLA C94, Schorenstrasse 16, CH-8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Saverio Cinti
- School of Medicine, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Tronto 10/A, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Christian Sina
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jacob B Hansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Madsen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 7800, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Susanne Brix
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Institute of Metagenomics, BGI-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
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Mahlakõiv T, Flamar AL, Johnston LK, Moriyama S, Putzel GG, Bryce PJ, Artis D. Stromal cells maintain immune cell homeostasis in adipose tissue via production of interleukin-33. Sci Immunol 2019; 4:eaax0416. [PMID: 31053655 PMCID: PMC6766755 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aax0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is driven by chronic low-grade inflammation resulting from dysregulated immune cell accumulation and function in white adipose tissue (WAT). Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a key cytokine that controls innate and adaptive immune cell activity and immune homeostasis in WAT, although the sources of IL-33 have remained controversial. Here, we show that WAT-resident mesenchyme-derived stromal cells are the dominant producers of IL-33. Adipose stem and progenitor cells (ASPCs) produced IL-33 in all WAT depots, whereas mesothelial cells served as an additional source of IL-33 in visceral WAT. ASPC-derived IL-33 promoted a regulatory circuit that maintained an immune tone in WAT via the induction of group 2 innate lymphoid cell-derived type 2 cytokines and maintenance of eosinophils, whereas mesothelial IL-33 also acted as an alarmin by inducing peritoneal immune response upon infection. Together, these data reveal a previously unrecognized regulatory network between tissue-resident progenitor cells and innate lymphoid cells that maintains immune homeostasis in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mahlakõiv
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - A-L Flamar
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - L K Johnston
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60610, USA
| | - S Moriyama
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - G G Putzel
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - P J Bryce
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60610, USA
| | - D Artis
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Association between Adipose Tissue Interleukin-33 and Immunometabolic Markers in Individuals with Varying Degrees of Glycemia. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:7901062. [PMID: 31073344 PMCID: PMC6470453 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7901062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Interleukin-33 (IL-33), the ligand for the receptor ST2, is abundant in adipose tissue, including preadipocytes, adipocytes, and endothelial cells. The IL-33/ST2 axis is protective against obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in animal models. We determined whether adipose tissue IL-33 was associated with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), as well as mediators of inflammation and immune regulation and beiging of adipose tissue, among individuals with varying degrees of glycemia. Materials and Methods A total of 91 adults with normoglycemia, prediabetes, and T2D were included. After measuring their anthropometric and biochemical parameters, subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were isolated and mRNA expression of cytokines, chemokines, chemokine receptors, pattern recognition receptors, and mediators involved in beiging of adipose tissue were measured. Results Adipose tissue IL-33 was inversely associated with HbA1c in individuals with normoglycemia and T2D but not in those with prediabetes and was inversely correlated with fasting plasma glucose in individuals with T2D and with a better glycemic control. IL-33-to-ST2 ratio was inversely correlated with HbA1c in individuals with normoglycemia but not in those with prediabetes or T2D. IL-33 was directly associated with ST2, CD302, fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2), and PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16) but inversely correlated with chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL) 7 and CCL8 in individuals with normoglycemia. Similarly, IL-33 was directly associated with ST2, CD302, FGL2, PRDM16, and, additionally, toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 and IL-12A in individuals with T2D. However, IL-33 was not associated with any of these mediators but was directly and strongly associated with TLR9 in individuals with prediabetes. Conclusions IL-33 and/or IL-33/ST2 dynamics and biological functions may play a role in overall glycemia among humans and may represent a novel target by which glucose-lowering managements confer their beneficial effects.
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23
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IL-33 in obesity: where do we go from here? Inflamm Res 2019; 68:185-194. [PMID: 30656387 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01214-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-33 is a cytokine that belongs to the IL-1 family and is classically associated with type 2-like immune responses. In the adipose tissue, IL-33 is related to the beiging of adipocytes and to the maintenance of adipose tissue-resident immune cells, such as innate lymphoid cells 2, alternatively activated macrophages and regulatory T cells, which contribute to the maintenance of adipose tissue homeostasis. In the obese adipose tissue, the number of these cells is diminished, unlike the expression of IL-33, which is up-regulated. However, despite its increased expression, IL-33 is not able to maintain the homeostasis of the obese adipose tissue. IL-33 treatment, on the other hand, highly improves obesity-related inflammatory and metabolic alterations. The evidence that exogenous IL-33, but not adipose tissue-driven IL-33, regulates the inflammatory process in obesity leaves a gap in the understanding of IL-33 biology. Thus, in this review we discuss the potential mechanisms associated with the impaired action of IL-33 in obesity.
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Moyat M, Coakley G, Harris NL. The interplay of type 2 immunity, helminth infection and the microbiota in regulating metabolism. Clin Transl Immunology 2019; 8:e01089. [PMID: 31719981 PMCID: PMC6837856 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 immunity has recently emerged as a critical player in metabolic status, with numerous studies investigating the role of type 2 immune cells within adipose tissue. Metabolic dysfunction is often characterised as a low-grade or chronic inflammatory state within tissues, and type 2 immunity may facilitate a return to metabolic homeostasis. A complex network of type 2 resident cells including M2 macrophages, eosinophils and ILC2s has been identified within adipose tissue. Although the effector cells in this equilibrium have not been clearly identified, any alteration of the type 2 microenvironment resulted in an altered metabolic state. Historically, the type 2 immune response has been associated with helminth infection. The type 2 immune response drives host resistance and plays an important role in promoting tissue repair following the migration of helminth larvae through tissues. Although helminths are largely eradicated in developed countries, infection rates remain high in poor communities within the developing world. Interestingly, there is strong evidence that helminth infection is inversely correlated with autoimmune or inflammatory disorders. Recently, an increasing amount of epidemiological and field studies suggest that it could be the same for obesity and metabolic syndrome. In the current review, we summarise the literature linking type 2 immunity to improved adipose tissue function. We then discuss more recent evidence indicating that helminth infection can provide protection against metabolic syndrome. Lastly, we explore the possible contributions of altered nutrient uptake, adipose tissue function and/or the intestinal microbiota with the ability of helminths to alter metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mati Moyat
- Department of Immunology and PathologyMonash University Central Clinical SchoolMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Gillian Coakley
- Department of Immunology and PathologyMonash University Central Clinical SchoolMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Nicola L Harris
- Department of Immunology and PathologyMonash University Central Clinical SchoolMelbourneVICAustralia
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25
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Tu L, Yang L. IL-33 at the Crossroads of Metabolic Disorders and Immunity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:26. [PMID: 30761089 PMCID: PMC6363685 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
As a cytokine in interleukin-1(IL-1) family, interleukin-33(IL-33) usually exists in the cytoplasm and cell nucleus. When the cells are activated or damaged, IL-33 can be secreted into extracellular and regulate the functions of various immune cells through binding to its specific receptor suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2). Except regulating the function of immune cells including T cells, B cells, dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, mast cells, and innate lymphoid cells, IL-33 also plays an important role in metabolic diseases and has received an increasing attention. This review summarizes the regulation of IL-33 on different immune cells in lipid metabolism, which will help to understand the pathology of abnormal lipid metabolic diseases, such as atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijing Yang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Lijing Yang
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26
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Interleukin 33 ameliorates disturbance of regulatory T cells in pulmonary sarcoidosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 64:208-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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27
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Ghali R, Altara R, Louch WE, Cataliotti A, Mallat Z, Kaplan A, Zouein FA, Booz GW. IL-33 (Interleukin 33)/sST2 Axis in Hypertension and Heart Failure. Hypertension 2018; 72:818-828. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rana Ghali
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut Medicine Center, Lebanon (R.G., A.K., F.A.Z.)
| | - Raffaele Altara
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway (R.A., W.E.L., A.C.)
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, Oslo, Norway (R.A., W.E.L., A.C.)
- Department of Pathology (R.A.), School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - William E. Louch
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway (R.A., W.E.L., A.C.)
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, Oslo, Norway (R.A., W.E.L., A.C.)
| | - Alessandro Cataliotti
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway (R.A., W.E.L., A.C.)
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, Oslo, Norway (R.A., W.E.L., A.C.)
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (Z.M.)
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (Z.M.)
| | - Abdullah Kaplan
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut Medicine Center, Lebanon (R.G., A.K., F.A.Z.)
| | - Fouad A. Zouein
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut Medicine Center, Lebanon (R.G., A.K., F.A.Z.)
| | - George W. Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (G.W.B.), School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
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28
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Altara R, Ghali R, Mallat Z, Cataliotti A, Booz GW, Zouein FA. Conflicting vascular and metabolic impact of the IL-33/sST2 axis. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 114:1578-1594. [PMID: 29982301 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 33 (IL-33), which is expressed by several immune cell types, endothelial and epithelial cells, and fibroblasts, is a cytokine of the IL-1 family that acts both intra- and extracellularly to either enhance or resolve the inflammatory response. Intracellular IL-33 acts in the nucleus as a regulator of transcription. Once released from cells by mechanical stress, inflammatory cytokines, or necrosis, extracellular IL-33 is proteolytically processed to act in an autocrine/paracrine manner as an 'alarmin' on neighbouring or various immune cells expressing the ST2 receptor. Thus, IL-33 may serve an important role in tissue preservation and repair in response to injury; however, the actions of IL-33 are dampened by a soluble form of ST2 (sST2) that acts as a decoy receptor and is produced by endothelial and certain immune cells. Accumulating evidence supports the conclusion that sST2 is a biomarker of vascular health with diagnostic and/or prognostic value in various cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, giant-cell arteritis, acute aortic dissection, and ischaemic stroke, as well as obesity and diabetes. Although sST2 levels are positively associated with cardiovascular disease severity, the assumption that IL-33 is always beneficial is naïve. It is increasingly appreciated that the pathophysiological importance of IL-33 is highly dependent on cellular and temporal expression. Although IL-33 is atheroprotective and may prevent obesity and type 2 diabetes by regulating lipid metabolism, IL-33 appears to drive endothelial inflammation. Here, we review the current knowledge of the IL-33/ST2/sST2 signalling network and discuss its pathophysiological and translational implications in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Altara
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Building 7, 4th floor, Kirkeveien 166, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Rana Ghali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut & Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Riad El-Solh, Beirut-Lebanon
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Alessandro Cataliotti
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Building 7, 4th floor, Kirkeveien 166, Oslo, Norway
| | - George W Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Fouad A Zouein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut & Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Riad El-Solh, Beirut-Lebanon
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29
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Alwarawrah Y, Kiernan K, MacIver NJ. Changes in Nutritional Status Impact Immune Cell Metabolism and Function. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1055. [PMID: 29868016 PMCID: PMC5968375 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cell function and metabolism are closely linked. Many studies have now clearly demonstrated that alterations in cellular metabolism influence immune cell function and that, conversely, immune cell function determines the cellular metabolic state. Less well understood, however, are the effects of systemic metabolism or whole organism nutritional status on immune cell function and metabolism. Several studies have demonstrated that undernutrition is associated with immunosuppression, which leads to both increased susceptibility to infection and protection against several types of autoimmune disease, whereas overnutrition is associated with low-grade, chronic inflammation that increases the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disease, promotes autoreactivity, and disrupts protective immunity. Here, we review the effects of nutritional status on immunity and highlight the effects of nutrition on circulating cytokines and immune cell populations in both human studies and mouse models. As T cells are critical members of the immune system, which direct overall immune response, we will focus this review on the influence of systemic nutritional status on T cell metabolism and function. Several cytokines and hormones have been identified which mediate the effects of nutrition on T cell metabolism and function through the expression and action of key regulatory signaling proteins. Understanding how T cells are sensitive to both inadequate and overabundant nutrients may enhance our ability to target immune cell metabolism and alter immunity in both malnutrition and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazan Alwarawrah
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kaitlin Kiernan
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nancie J MacIver
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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30
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Tabak O, Simsek G, Erdenen F, Sozer V, Hasoglu T, Gelisgen R, Altunoglu E, Muderrisoglu C, Senyigit A, Uzun H. The relationship between circulating irisin, retinol binding protein-4, adiponectin and inflammatory mediators in patients with metabolic syndrome. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2017; 61:515-523. [PMID: 28977161 PMCID: PMC10522070 DOI: 10.1590/2359-3997000000289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We wanted to investigate whether there is a relationship between circulating irisin, retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4), adiponectin and proinflammatory mediators implicated in the development of insulin resistance (IR) in metabolic syndrome (MetS). SUBJECTS AND METHODS In 180 individuals, including controls and patients with MetS, we measured fasting plasma insulin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), pentraxin-3 (PTX-3), interleukin-33 (IL-33), irisin, RBP-4, and adiponectin using ELISA kits. RESULTS While fasting plasma hsCRP, PTX-3, IL-33, irisin, RBP-4 concentrations were higher, adiponectin levels were lower in patients with MetS than in controls. A correlation analysis revealed that plasma irisin levels were positively associated with MetS components such as waist circumference and waist-hip ratio, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and markers of systemic inflammation such as PTX-3, hsCRP, uric acid, and RBP-4. Adiponectin levels were negatively associated with waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, PTX-3 and LDL. CONCLUSIONS Although the precise mechanisms are still unclear, irisin, RBP-4, adiponectin and PTX-3 are hallmarks of the MetS, which is related to low-grade inflammation. It is conceivable that irisin and adiponectin might contribute to the development of MetS and may also represent novel MetS components. Future clinical studies are needed to confirm and extend these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omur Tabak
- Internal Medicine Cliniclstanbul Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Education and Research HospitalIstanbulTurkeyInternal Medicine Clinic, lstanbul Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gonul Simsek
- Department of PhysiologyIstanbul UniversityCerrahpasa Medical FacultyIstanbulTurkeyDepartment of Physiology, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fusun Erdenen
- Istanbul Education and Research HospitalInternal Medical ClinicIstanbulTurkeyIstanbul Education and Research Hospital, Internal Medical Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Volkan Sozer
- Department of BiochemistryYildiz Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkeyDepartment of Biochemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuna Hasoglu
- Istanbul Medical FacultyIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkeyIstanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Remise Gelisgen
- Department of BiochemistryIstanbul UniversityCerrahpasa Medical FacultyIstanbulTurkeyDepartment of Biochemistry, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esma Altunoglu
- Department of BiochemistryYildiz Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkeyDepartment of Biochemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cuneyt Muderrisoglu
- Department of BiochemistryYildiz Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkeyDepartment of Biochemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdulhalim Senyigit
- Medicine HospitalInternal Medical ClinicIstanbulTurkeyMedicine Hospital, Internal Medical Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hafize Uzun
- Department of BiochemistryIstanbul UniversityCerrahpasa Medical FacultyIstanbulTurkeyDepartment of Biochemistry, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
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31
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Pinto M, Kakehasi A, Andrade M. DETECÇÃO DE IL‐33 SÉRICA NA ARTRITE REUMATOIDE: ASSOCIAÇÃO NEGATIVA COM SÍNDROME METABÓLICA. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE REUMATOLOGIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbr.2017.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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32
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Chan YK, Brar MS, Kirjavainen PV, Chen Y, Peng J, Li D, Leung FCC, El-Nezami H. High fat diet induced atherosclerosis is accompanied with low colonic bacterial diversity and altered abundances that correlates with plaque size, plasma A-FABP and cholesterol: a pilot study of high fat diet and its intervention with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) or telmisartan in ApoE -/- mice. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:264. [PMID: 27821063 PMCID: PMC5100306 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0883-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis appears to have multifactorial causes - microbial component like lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and other pathogen associated molecular patterns may be plausible factors. The gut microbiota is an ample source of such stimulants, and its dependent metabolites and altered gut metagenome has been an established link to atherosclerosis. In this exploratory pilot study, we aimed to elucidate whether microbial intervention with probiotics L. rhamnosus GG (LGG) or pharmaceuticals telmisartan (TLM) could improve atherosclerosis in a gut microbiota associated manner. METHODS Atherosclerotic phenotype was established by 12 weeks feeding of high fat (HF) diet as opposed to normal chow diet (ND) in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice. LGG or TLM supplementation to HF diet was studied. RESULTS Both LGG and TLM significantly reduced atherosclerotic plaque size and improved various biomarkers including endotoxin to different extents. Colonial microbiota analysis revealed that TLM restored HF diet induced increase in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and decrease in alpha diversity; and led to a more distinct microbial clustering closer to ND in PCoA plot. Eubacteria, Anaeroplasma, Roseburia, Oscillospira and Dehalobacteria appeared to be protective against atherosclerosis and showed significant negative correlation with atherosclerotic plaque size and plasma adipocyte - fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) and cholesterol. CONCLUSION LGG and TLM improved atherosclerosis with TLM having a more distinct alteration in the colonic gut microbiota. Altered bacteria genera and reduced alpha diversity had significant correlations to atherosclerotic plaque size, plasma A-FABP and cholesterol. Future studies on such bacterial functional influence in lipid metabolism will be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Kwan Chan
- 5S12, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Manreetpal Singh Brar
- 5N01, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Pirkka V Kirjavainen
- Food and Research Health Centre, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Yan Chen
- L943, Laboratory Block, Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Jiao Peng
- L943, Laboratory Block, Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Daxu Li
- L943, Laboratory Block, Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Frederick Chi-Ching Leung
- 5N01, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Bioinformatics Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- 5S12, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. .,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. .,5S13, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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33
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The modern interleukin-1 superfamily: Divergent roles in obesity. Semin Immunol 2016; 28:441-449. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ding X, Luo Y, Zhang X, Zheng H, Yang X, Yang X, Liu M. IL-33-driven ILC2/eosinophil axis in fat is induced by sympathetic tone and suppressed by obesity. J Endocrinol 2016; 231:35-48. [PMID: 27562191 PMCID: PMC5003423 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in white adipose tissue (WAT) promote WAT browning and assist in preventing the development of obesity. However, how ILC2 in adipose tissue is regulated remains largely unknown. Here, our study shows that ILC2s are present in brown adipose tissue (BAT) as well as subcutaneous and epididymal WAT (sWAT and eWAT). The fractions of ILC2s, natural killer T (NKT) cells and eosinophils in sWAT, eWAT and BAT are significantly decreased by high-fat-diet (HFD) feeding and leptin deficiency-induced obesity. Consistent with this, the adipose expression and circulating levels of IL-33, a key inducing cytokine of ILC2, are significantly downregulated by obesity. Furthermore, administration of IL-33 markedly increases the fraction of ILC2 and eosinophil as well as the expression of UCP1 and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis, in adipose tissue of HFD-fed mice. On the other hand, cold exposure induces the expression levels of IL-33 and UCP1 and the population of ILC2 and eosinophil in sWAT, and these promoting effects of cold stress are reversed by neutralization of IL-33 signaling in vivo Moreover, the basal and cold-induced IL-33 and ILC2/eosinophil pathways are significantly suppressed by sympathetic denervation via local injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in sWAT. Taken together, our data suggest that the ILC2/eosinophil axis in adipose tissue is regulated by sympathetic nervous system and obesity in IL-33-dependent manner, and IL-33-driven ILC2/eosinophil axis is implicated in the development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Development Biology of State Education Ministry of ChinaCollege of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA Department of Metabolism and EndocrinologyMetabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA Department of Molecular Genetics and MicrobiologyUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Handong Zheng
- Department of Molecular Genetics and MicrobiologyUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Xuexian Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and MicrobiologyUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Meilian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA Department of Metabolism and EndocrinologyMetabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) - a member of the IL-1 family - was originally described as an inducer of type 2 immune responses, activating T helper 2 (TH2) cells and mast cells. Now, evidence is accumulating that IL-33 also potently stimulates group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), regulatory T (Treg) cells, TH1 cells, CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. This pleiotropic nature is reflected in the role of IL-33 in tissue and metabolic homeostasis, infection, inflammation, cancer and diseases of the central nervous system. In this Review, we highlight the molecular and cellular characteristics of IL-33, together with its major role in health and disease and the potential therapeutic implications of these findings in humans.
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Wounds that heal and wounds that don't - The role of the IL-33/ST2 pathway in tissue repair and tumorigenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 61:41-50. [PMID: 27521518 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-33 is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines. IL-33 is predominantly located within the nucleus of cells where it plays a role in gene regulation. Given the right combination of signals and cellular damage, stored IL-33 is released from the cell where it can interact with its receptor ST2, triggering danger-associated responses and act as a cellular "alarmin". Whilst IL-33/ST2 signalling has been shown to induce potent pro-inflammatory responses that can be detrimental in certain disease states, a dichotomous, protective role of IL-33 in promoting wound healing has also emerged in multiple tissues types. This review will explore the current literature concerning this homeostatic role of IL-33/ST2 in tissue repair and also review its role in uncontrolled wound responses as seen in both fibrosis and tumorigenesis.
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Cafeteria diet-induced obesity causes oxidative damage in white adipose. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:545-50. [PMID: 27033600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity continues to be one of the most prominent public health dilemmas in the world. The complex interaction among the varied causes of obesity makes it a particularly challenging problem to address. While typical high-fat purified diets successfully induce weight gain in rodents, we have described a more robust model of diet-induced obesity based on feeding rats a diet consisting of highly palatable, energy-dense human junk foods - the "cafeteria" diet (CAF, 45-53% kcal from fat). We previously reported that CAF-fed rats became hyperphagic, gained more weight, and developed more severe hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and glucose intolerance compared to the lard-based 45% kcal from fat high fat diet-fed group. In addition, the CAF diet-fed group displayed a higher degree of inflammation in adipose and liver, mitochondrial dysfunction, and an increased concentration of lipid-derived, pro-inflammatory mediators. Building upon our previous findings, we aimed to determine mechanisms that underlie physiologic findings in the CAF diet. We investigated the effect of CAF diet-induced obesity on adipose tissue specifically using expression arrays and immunohistochemistry. Genomic evidence indicated the CAF diet induced alterations in the white adipose gene transcriptome, with notable suppression of glutathione-related genes and pathways involved in mitigating oxidative stress. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated a doubling in adipose lipid peroxidation marker 4-HNE levels compared to rats that remained lean on control standard chow diet. Our data indicates that the CAF diet drives an increase in oxidative damage in white adipose tissue that may affect tissue homeostasis. Oxidative stress drives activation of inflammatory kinases that can perturb insulin signaling leading to glucose intolerance and diabetes.
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Challa TD, Straub LG, Balaz M, Kiehlmann E, Donze O, Rudofsky G, Ukropec J, Ukropcova B, Wolfrum C. Regulation of De Novo Adipocyte Differentiation Through Cross Talk Between Adipocytes and Preadipocytes. Diabetes 2015; 64:4075-87. [PMID: 26340931 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
There are many known adipokines differentially secreted from the different adipose depots; however, their paracrine and autocrine effects on de novo adipocyte formation are not fully understood. By developing a coculture method of preadipocytes with primary subcutaneous and visceral adipocytes or tissue explants, we could show that the total secretome inhibited preadipocyte differentiation. Using a proteomics approach with fractionated secretome samples, we were able to identify a spectrum of factors that either positively or negatively affected adipocyte formation. Among the secreted factors, Slc27a1, Vim, Cp, and Ecm1 promoted adipocyte differentiation, whereas Got2, Cpq, interleukin-1 receptor-like 1/ST2-IL-33, Sparc, and Lgals3bp decreased adipocyte differentiation. In human subcutaneous adipocytes of lean subjects, obese subjects, and obese subjects with type 2 diabetes, Vim and Slc27a1 expression was negatively correlated with adipocyte size and BMI and positively correlated with insulin sensitivity, while Sparc and Got2 showed the opposite trend. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Slc27a1 was increased upon weight loss in morbidly obese patients, while Sparc expression was reduced. Taken together, our findings identify adipokines that regulate adipocyte differentiation through positive or negative paracrine and autocrine feedback loop mechanisms, which could potentially affect whole-body energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenagne D Challa
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Leon G Straub
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Miroslav Balaz
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Elke Kiehlmann
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jozef Ukropec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbara Ukropcova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia Institute of Pathological Physiology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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Mansell H, Soliman M, Elmoselhi H, Shoker A. Elevated Circulating Interleukin 33 Levels in Stable Renal Transplant Recipients at High Risk for Cardiovascular Events. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142141. [PMID: 26544186 PMCID: PMC4636241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events calculator (CRCRTR-MACE) estimates the burden of cardiovascular risk in renal transplant recipients (RTR). Our recent study of 95 RTR reported the 7-year median risk of cardiovascular events (CVE) to be 9.97%, ranging from 1.93 to 84.27%. Nearly a third (28.4%) of the cohort was above 20% risk for a CVE. Since interleukins (ILs) as part of the inflammatory response may play a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD), we extended this study to identify which ILs are associated with high cardiovascular risk in this population. Methods Twenty-two ILs were measured by multiplexed fluorescent bead-based immunoassay in 95 RTR and 56 normal controls. Stepwise analysis after multivariate determination of significant demographic and inflammatory variables was performed between the high and low-CVD risk groups (which were arbitrarily set at scores <10% and ≥20%, respectively). Normalized data was presented as mean ± SD and non-normalized data as median (minimum–maximum). Significance was measured at <0.05. Results 27.5% of the low-risk and 31.3% of the high-risk groups had mean IL levels above the 95 percentile of the normal control levels. In the non-parametric analysis IL-6, 9, 16, 17 and 33 were significantly higher in the high-risk group compared to the control. Univariate analysis (UVA) of the high-risk group identified IL-33 as the only IL that remained significantly higher than the control and low-risk groups (p = 0.000). The percentage of patients with IL-33 levels above the 90 percentile of control value in the low and high-risk groups were 15.6% and 52.0%, respectively (p<0.002). UVA of factors significant to high IL-33 levels included estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), while diabetes mellitus, serum phosphorus, microalbuminuria and age also remained significant in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion Circulating IL-33 level is positively associated with high CRCRTR-MACE score. Diminished eGFR, age, diabetes, serum phosphorus and microalbuminurea demonstrate significant relationship with elevated IL-33 levels, supporting the possible pathognomonic role of IL-33 in the cardiovascular burden in RTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Mansell
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Mahmoud Soliman
- St. Paul's Hospital, Saskatchewan Renal Transplant Program, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Hamdi Elmoselhi
- St. Paul's Hospital, Saskatchewan Renal Transplant Program, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ahmed Shoker
- St. Paul's Hospital, Saskatchewan Renal Transplant Program, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Ballak DB, Stienstra R, Tack CJ, Dinarello CA, van Diepen JA. IL-1 family members in the pathogenesis and treatment of metabolic disease: Focus on adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. Cytokine 2015; 75:280-90. [PMID: 26194067 PMCID: PMC4553099 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by a chronic, low-grade inflammation that contributes to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Cytokines and chemokines produced by immunocompetent cells influence local as well as systemic inflammation and are therefore critical contributors to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Hence, cytokines that modulate inflammatory responses are emerging as potential targets for intervention and treatment of the metabolic consequences of obesity. The interleukin-1 (IL-1) family of cytokines and receptors are key mediators of innate inflammatory responses and exhibit both pro- and anti-inflammatory functions. During the last decades, mechanistic insights into how the IL-1 family affects the initiation and progression of obesity-induced insulin resistance have increased significantly. Here, we review the current knowledge and understanding, with emphasis on the therapeutic potential of individual members of the IL-1 family of cytokines for improving insulin sensitivity in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dov B Ballak
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Rinke Stienstra
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cees J Tack
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Janna A van Diepen
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Adipose tissue resident leukocytes are often cast solely as the effectors of obesity and its attendant pathologies; however, recent observations have demonstrated that these cells support and effect 'healthy' physiologic function as well as pathologic dysfunction. Importantly, these two disparate outcomes are underpinned by similarly disparate immune programs; type 2 responses instruct and promote metabolic normalcy, while type 1 responses drive tissue dysfunction. In this Review, we summarize the literature regarding type 2 immunity's role in adipose tissue physiology and allude to its potential therapeutic implications.
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Martin P, Palmer G, Rodriguez E, Woldt E, Mean I, James RW, Smith DE, Kwak BR, Gabay C. Atherosclerosis severity is not affected by a deficiency in IL-33/ST2 signaling. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2015; 3:239-46. [PMID: 26417439 PMCID: PMC4578523 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)‐33 is a cytokine of the IL‐1 family, which signals through the ST2 receptor. Previous work demonstrated that the systemic administration of recombinant IL‐33 reduces the development of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E‐deficient (ApoE−/−) mice by inducing a Th1‐to‐Th2 shift. The objective of our study was to examine the role of endogenous IL‐33 and ST2 in atherosclerosis. ApoE−/−, IL‐33−/−ApoE−/−, and ST2−/−ApoE−/− mice were fed with a cholesterol‐rich diet for 10 weeks. Additionally, a group of ApoE−/− mice was injected with a neutralizing anti‐ST2 or an isotype control antibody during the period of the cholesterol‐rich diet. Atherosclerotic lesion development was measured by Oil Red O staining in the thoracic‐abdominal aorta and the aortic sinus. There were no significant differences in the lipid‐staining area of IL‐33−/−ApoE−/−, ST2−/−ApoE−/−, or anti‐ST2 antibody‐treated ApoE−/− mice, compared to ApoE−/− controls. The absence of IL‐33 signaling had no major and consistent impact on the Th1/Th2 cytokine responses in the supernatant of in vitro‐stimulated lymph node cells. In summary, deficiency of the endogenously produced IL‐33 and its receptor ST2 does not impact the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE‐deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praxedis Martin
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland ; Department of Pathology and Immunology School of Medicine, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gaby Palmer
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland ; Department of Pathology and Immunology School of Medicine, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emiliana Rodriguez
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland ; Department of Pathology and Immunology School of Medicine, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Estelle Woldt
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland ; Department of Pathology and Immunology School of Medicine, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Mean
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland ; Department of Pathology and Immunology School of Medicine, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Richard W James
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dirk E Smith
- Inflammation Research Department, Amgen Inc. Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brenda R Kwak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology School of Medicine, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland ; Division of Cardiology, University Hospital of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cem Gabay
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland ; Department of Pathology and Immunology School of Medicine, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
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Gao Q, Li Y, Li M. The potential role of IL-33/ST2 signaling in fibrotic diseases. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 98:15-22. [PMID: 25881899 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3ru0115-012r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-33, a new member of the IL-1F, is widely expressed throughout the body and can be up-regulated by stimulation with proinflammatory factors. It has been identified as a functional ligand for the plasma membrane receptor complex that is a heterodimer consisting of membrane-bound ST2L, which is a member of the IL-1R family, and IL-1RAcP. IL-33 is crucial for the induction of Th2 immune responses. Additionally, under other circumstances, it can also act as an endogenous danger signal. Recently, many studies have demonstrated that IL-33 may be related to the development and progression of fibrotic diseases. It has proinflammatory effects in some fibrotic diseases but has anti-inflammatory effects in others. In this review, the biologic characteristics of IL-33 and the role of the IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway in various fibrotic diseases will be discussed. We hope this overview will provide new insights for the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyan Gao
- Department of Immunology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Immunology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Mingcai Li
- Department of Immunology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
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Zarzycka B, Nicolaes GAF, Lutgens E. Targeting the adaptive immune system: new strategies in the treatment of atherosclerosis. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2015; 8:297-313. [PMID: 25843158 DOI: 10.1586/17512433.2015.1025052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall. Current treatment of atherosclerosis is focused on limiting its risk factors, such as hyperlipidemia or hypertension. However, treatments that target the inflammatory nature of atherosclerosis are still under development. Discovery of novel targets involved in the inflammation of the arterial wall creates opportunities to design new therapeutics that successfully modulate atherosclerosis. Here, we review drug targets that have proven to play pivotal roles in the adaptive immune system in atherosclerosis, and we discuss their potential as novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Zarzycka
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Anand G, Vasanthakumar R, Mohan V, Babu S, Aravindhan V. Increased IL-12 and decreased IL-33 serum levels are associated with increased Th1 and suppressed Th2 cytokine profile in patients with diabetic nephropathy (CURES-134). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:8008-8015. [PMID: 25550844 PMCID: PMC4270517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The role played by recently discovered novel cytokine IL-33 in controlling T-helper (Th)1 and Th2 cytokines under conditions of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is less well studied. In the present study, we estimated the levels of IL-33 along with both Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the serum of normal glucose tolerant (NGT), diabetic subjects with (DN) or without nephropathy (DM) and correlated it with the clinical risk factors of diabetes and nephropathy. 222 study subjects were recruited from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES): 61 NGT, 79 DM and 82 DN. IL-33 level was estimated by ELISA while other Th1 (IL-12, IFN-gamma and IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13) cytokines were measured using a Bio-plex bead assay. DM subjects showed a mixed Th1-Th2 profile (increased IFN-g, IL-12, IL-4 and IL-13 and decreased IL-33) while DN subjects showed enhanced Th1 profile (increased IFN-g, IL-2 and IL-12) with suppression of Th2 cytokine (decreased IL-33 and IL-13). The IL-33 levels showed a serial decline with increasing severity of insulin resistance and microalbuminuria. DN was associated with enhanced Th1 response and suppression of Th2 responses which might be due to inreased levels of IL-12 and decreased levels of IL-33 cytokines respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Subash Babu
- National Institutes of Health-International Center for Excellence in ResearchChennai
| | - Vivekanandhan Aravindhan
- AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT Campus of Anna UniversityChennai, India
- Department of Genetics, Dr.ALM.PG.IBMS, University of MadrasChennai, India
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