1
|
Wang YW, Nambeesan SU. Ethylene promotes fruit ripening initiation by downregulating photosynthesis, enhancing abscisic acid and suppressing jasmonic acid in blueberry (Vaccinium ashei). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:418. [PMID: 38760720 PMCID: PMC11102277 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blueberry fruit exhibit atypical climacteric ripening with a non-auto-catalytic increase in ethylene coincident with initiation of ripening. Further, application of ethephon, an ethylene-releasing plant growth regulator, accelerates ripening by increasing the proportion of ripe (blue) fruit as compared to the control treatment. To investigate the mechanistic role of ethylene in regulating blueberry ripening, we performed transcriptome analysis on fruit treated with ethephon, an ethylene-releasing plant growth regulator. RESULTS RNA-Sequencing was performed on two sets of rabbiteye blueberry ('Powderblue') fruit: (1) fruit from divergent developmental stages; and (2) fruit treated with ethephon, an ethylene-releasing compound. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from divergent developmental stages clustered into nine groups, among which cluster 1 displayed reduction in expression during ripening initiation and was enriched with photosynthesis related genes, while cluster 7 displayed increased expression during ripening and was enriched with aromatic-amino acid family catabolism genes, suggesting stimulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. More DEGs were apparent at 1 day after ethephon treatment suggesting its early influence during ripening initiation. Overall, a higher number of genes were downregulated in response to ethylene. Many of these overlapped with cluster 1 genes, indicating that ethylene-mediated downregulation of photosynthesis is an important developmental event during the ripening transition. Analyses of DEGs in response to ethylene also indicated interplay among phytohormones. Ethylene positively regulated abscisic acid (ABA), negatively regulated jasmonates (JAs), and influenced auxin (IAA) metabolism and signaling genes. Phytohormone quantification supported these effects of ethylene, indicating coordination of blueberry fruit ripening by ethylene. CONCLUSION This study provides insights into the role of ethylene in blueberry fruit ripening. Ethylene initiates blueberry ripening by downregulating photosynthesis-related genes. Also, ethylene regulates phytohormone-metabolism and signaling related genes, increases ABA, and decreases JA concentrations. Together, these results indicate that interplay among multiple phytohormones regulates the progression of ripening, and that ethylene is an important coordinator of such interactions during blueberry fruit ripening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Wang
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, 1111 Miller Plant Sciences Building, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, 111 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, University of Georgia, 111 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Savithri U Nambeesan
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, 1111 Miller Plant Sciences Building, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu M, Wang C, Ji H, Sun M, Liu T, Wang J, Cao H, Zhu Q. Ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction during ripening and softening in non-climacteric fruits: an overview. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1368692. [PMID: 38736445 PMCID: PMC11082881 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1368692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the ethylene-mediated ripening and softening of non-climacteric fruits have been widely mentioned. In this paper, recent research into the ethylene-mediated ripening and softening of non-climacteric fruits is summarized, including the involvement of ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction. In addition, detailed studies on how ethylene interacts with other hormones to regulate the ripening and softening of non-climacteric fruits are also reviewed. These findings reveal that many regulators of ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction are linked with the ripening and softening of non-climacteric fruits. Meanwhile, the perspectives of future research on the regulation of ethylene in non-climacteric fruit are also proposed. The overview of the progress of ethylene on the ripening and softening of non-climacteric fruit will aid in the identification and characterization of key genes associated with ethylene perception and signal transduction during non-climacteric fruit ripening and softening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang University, Weifang, China
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chaoran Wang
- College of Agriculture & Forestry Technology, Weifang Vocational College, Weifang, China
| | - Hongliang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Maoxiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Tongyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Qinggang Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xia NY, Yao XC, Ma WH, Wang YC, Wei Y, He L, Meng X, Cheng HT, Yang WM, Duan CQ, Pan QH. Integrated Analysis of Transcriptome and Metabolome to Unveil Impact on Enhancing Grape Aroma Quality with Synthetic Auxin: Spotlight the Mediation of ABA in Crosstalk with Auxin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:1228-1243. [PMID: 38181223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that prevéraison application of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) can delay the ripening of grapes and improve their quality. However, how NAA impacts grape aroma compound concentrations remains unclear. This study incorporated the analyses of aroma metabolome, phytohormones, and transcriptome of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon grapes cultivated in continental arid/semiarid regions of western China. The analyses demonstrated that NAA application increased β-damascenone and 1,1,6-trimethyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene (TDN) in the harvested grapes by delaying véraison and upregulating VvPSY1 and VvCCD4b expressions. Additionally, NAA treatment decreased 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine (IBMP) at the same phenological stage. Notably, abscisic acid (ABA) levels increased in NAA-treated grapes during véraison, which triggered further changes in norisoprenoid metabolisms. The ABA-responsive factor VvABF2 was potentially involved in VvPSY1 positive modulation, while the auxin response factor VvARF10 may play a role in VvCCD4b upregulation and VvOMT2 downregulation during NAA induction. VvARF10 possibly acts as a crosstalk node between the ABA and auxin signaling pathways following NAA treatment in regulating aroma biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nong-Yu Xia
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xue-Chen Yao
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wan-Hui Ma
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ya-Chen Wang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lei He
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiao Meng
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hao-Tian Cheng
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | | | - Chang-Qing Duan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Pan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zenoni S, Savoi S, Busatto N, Tornielli GB, Costa F. Molecular regulation of apple and grape ripening: exploring common and distinct transcriptional aspects of representative climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6207-6223. [PMID: 37591311 PMCID: PMC10627160 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Fleshy fruits of angiosperms are organs specialized for promoting seed dispersal by attracting herbivores and enticing them to consume the organ and the seeds it contains. Ripening can be broadly defined as the processes serving as a plant strategy to make the fleshy fruit appealing to animals, consisting of a coordinated series of changes in color, texture, aroma, and flavor that result from an intricate interplay of genetically and epigenetically programmed events. The ripening of fruits can be categorized into two types: climacteric, which is characterized by a rapid increase in respiration rate typically accompanied by a burst of ethylene production, and non-climacteric, in which this pronounced peak in respiration is absent. Here we review current knowledge of transcriptomic changes taking place in apple (Malus × domestica, climacteric) and grapevine (Vitis vinifera, non-climacteric) fruit during ripening, with the aim of highlighting specific and common hormonal and molecular events governing the process in the two species. With this perspective, we found that specific NAC transcription factor members participate in ripening initiation in grape and are involved in restoring normal physiological ripening progression in impaired fruit ripening in apple. These elements suggest the existence of a common regulatory mechanism operated by NAC transcription factors and auxin in the two species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zenoni
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefania Savoi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (Torino), Italy
| | - Nicola Busatto
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 39098 San Michele all’Adige (Trento), Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Costa
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Via Mach 1, 39098 San Michele all’Adige (Trento), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Perotti MF, Posé D, Martín-Pizarro C. Non-climacteric fruit development and ripening regulation: 'the phytohormones show'. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6237-6253. [PMID: 37449770 PMCID: PMC10627154 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening involves numerous physiological, structural, and metabolic changes that result in the formation of edible fruits. This process is controlled at different molecular levels, with essential roles for phytohormones, transcription factors, and epigenetic modifications. Fleshy fruits are classified as either climacteric or non-climacteric species. Climacteric fruits are characterized by a burst in respiration and ethylene production at the onset of ripening, while regulation of non-climacteric fruit ripening has been commonly attributed to abscisic acid (ABA). However, there is controversy as to whether mechanisms regulating fruit ripening are shared between non-climacteric species, and to what extent other hormones contribute alongside ABA. In this review, we summarize classic and recent studies on the accumulation profile and role of ABA and other important hormones in the regulation of non-climacteric fruit development and ripening, as well as their crosstalk, paying special attention to the two main non-climacteric plant models, strawberry and grape. We highlight both the common and different roles of these regulators in these two crops, and discuss the importance of the transcriptional and environmental regulation of fruit ripening, as well as the need to optimize genetic transformation methodologies to facilitate gene functional analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Perotti
- Departamento de Mejora Genética y Biotecnología, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea ‘La Mayora’ (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, UMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - David Posé
- Departamento de Mejora Genética y Biotecnología, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea ‘La Mayora’ (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, UMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Carmen Martín-Pizarro
- Departamento de Mejora Genética y Biotecnología, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea ‘La Mayora’ (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, UMA, Málaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rumbaugh AC, Durbin-Johnson B, Padhi E, Lerno L, Cauduro Girardello R, Britton M, Slupsky C, Sudarshana MR, Oberholster A. Investigating Grapevine Red Blotch Virus Infection in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon Grapes: A Multi-Omics Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113248. [PMID: 36362035 PMCID: PMC9658657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) is a recently identified virus. Previous research indicates primarily a substantial impact on berry ripening in all varieties studied. The current study analyzed grapes’ primary and secondary metabolism across grapevine genotypes and seasons to reveal both conserved and variable impacts to GRBV infection. Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) grapevines grafted on two different rootstocks (110R and 420A) were analyzed in 2016 and 2017. Metabolite profiling revealed a considerable impact on amino acid and malate acid levels, volatile aroma compounds derived from the lipoxygenase pathway, and anthocyanins synthesized in the phenylpropanoid pathway. Conserved transcriptional responses to GRBV showed induction of auxin-mediated pathways and photosynthesis with inhibition of transcription and translation processes mainly at harvest. There was an induction of plant-pathogen interactions at pre-veraison, for all genotypes and seasons, except for CS 110R in 2017. Lastly, differential co-expression analysis revealed a transcriptional shift from metabolic synthesis and energy metabolism to transcription and translation processes associated with a virus-induced gene silencing transcript. This plant-derived defense response transcript was only significantly upregulated at veraison for all genotypes and seasons, suggesting a phenological association with disease expression and plant immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arran C. Rumbaugh
- United States Department of Agriculture, Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Blythe Durbin-Johnson
- Genome Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Emily Padhi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Larry Lerno
- Department of Viticulture & Enology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Raul Cauduro Girardello
- Department of Viticulture & Enology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Monica Britton
- Genome Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Carolyn Slupsky
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mysore R. Sudarshana
- United States Department of Agriculture, Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Anita Oberholster
- Department of Viticulture & Enology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gao Y, Wang X, Liu X, Liang Z. Hormone biosynthesis and metabolism members of 2OGD superfamily are involved in berry development and respond to MeJA and ABA treatment of Vitis vinifera L. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:427. [PMID: 36064347 PMCID: PMC9446723 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03810-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hormones play an indispensable role during fruit ripening, nine clades in 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2OGD) superfamily are responsible for the hormone biosynthesis and metabolism, but less information is known about them. RESULTS A total of 163 Vv2OGD superfamily members were identified from grape genome, which were mainly expanded by local (tandem and proximal) duplication. Phylogenetic analysis of 2OGD members in grape and Arabidopsis indicates 37 members in Vv2OGD superfamily are related to hormone biosynthesis and metabolism process (Vv2OGD-H), which could be divided into 9 clades, gibberellin (GA) 3-oxidase (GA3ox), GA 20-oxidase (GA20ox), carbon-19 GA 2-oxidase (C19-GA2ox), carbon-20 GA 2-oxidase (C20-GA2ox), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO), dioxygenase for auxin oxidation (DAO), lateral branching oxidoreductas (LBO), downy mildew resistant 6 and DMR6-like oxygenase (DMR6/DLO) and jasmonate-induced oxygenase (JOX). Sixteen of these 37 Vv2OGD-Hs are expressed in grape berry, in which the expression patterns of VvGA2oxs, VvDAOs and VvJOXs shows a correlation with the change patterns of GAs, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and jasmonates (JAs), indicating the involvement of these genes in grape berry development by regulating corresponding hormones. Twelve Vv2OGD-Hs respond to methyl JA (MeJA) treatment, of which eight may lead to the inhibition of the ripening process by the crosstalk of JAs-salicylic acids (SAs), JAs-GAs and JAs-JAs, while seven Vv2OGD-Hs respond to ABA treatment may be responsible for the promotion of ripening process by the interplay of abscisic acid (ABA)-strigolactones (SLs), ABA-SAs, ABA-GAs, ABA-JAs. Especially, VvLBO1 reach an expression peak near véraison and up-regulate about four times after ABA treatment, which implies SLs and ABA-SLs crosstalk may be related to the onset of berry ripening in grape. CONCLUSIONS This study provides valuable clues and new insights for the mechanism research of Vv2OGD-Hs in hormones regulation during the grape berry development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Xianju Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Zhenchang Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang W, Fan D, Hao Q, Jia W. Signal transduction in non-climacteric fruit ripening. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac190. [PMID: 36329721 PMCID: PMC9622361 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fleshy fruit ripening involves changes in numerous cellular processes and metabolic pathways, resulting from the coordinated actions of diverse classes of structural and regulatory proteins. These include enzymes, transporters and complex signal transduction systems. Many aspects of the signaling machinery that orchestrates the ripening of climacteric fruits, such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), have been elucidated, but less is known about analogous processes in non-climacteric fruits. The latter include strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) and grape (Vitis vinifera), both of which are used as non-climacteric fruit experimental model systems, although they originate from different organs: the grape berry is a true fruit derived from the ovary, while strawberry is an accessory fruit that is derived from the floral receptacle. In this article, we summarize insights into the signal transduction events involved in strawberry and grape berry ripening. We highlight the mechanisms underlying non-climacteric fruit ripening, the multiple primary signals and their integrated action, individual signaling components, pathways and their crosstalk, as well as the associated transcription factors and their signaling output.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qing Hao
- Corresponding authors: E-mail: ;
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen S, Qin R, Yang D, Liu W, Yang S. A Comparison of Rhizospheric and Endophytic Bacteria in Early and Late-Maturing Pumpkin Varieties. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081667. [PMID: 36014084 PMCID: PMC9415385 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine whether rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria contribute to the ripening of pumpkins, an analysis was conducted on rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria and soil fertility in the rhizospheres of early and late-maturing pumpkin varieties. The results showed higher nitrogen and abscisic acid content and more gibberellin-producing bacteria in the rhizospheres or endophytes of the early maturing varieties. Greater soil fertility and more abundant rhizospheric and endophytic bacterial genera with a greater metabolic function might be important mechanisms for early ripening. Rhodococcus, Bacillus, and Arthrobacter can be considered the functional bacteria in promoting pumpkin maturation. On the other hand, Ralstonia could be the functional bacterium that delays ripening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Renliu Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Da Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Shangdong Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fan D, Wang W, Hao Q, Jia W. Do Non-climacteric Fruits Share a Common Ripening Mechanism of Hormonal Regulation? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:923484. [PMID: 35755638 PMCID: PMC9218805 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.923484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fleshy fruits have been traditionally categorized into climacteric (CL) and non-climacteric (NC) groups. CL fruits share a common ripening mechanism of hormonal regulation, i.e., the ethylene regulation, whereas whether NC fruits share a common mechanism remains controversial. Abscisic acid (ABA) has been commonly thought to be a key regulator in NC fruit ripening; however, besides ABA, many other hormones have been increasingly suggested to play crucial roles in NC fruit ripening. NC fruits vary greatly in their organ origin, constitution, and structure. Development of different organs may be different in the pattern of hormonal regulation. It has been well demonstrated that the growth and development of strawberry, the model of NC fruits, is largely controlled by a hormonal communication between the achenes and receptacle; however, not all NC fruits contain achenes. Accordingly, it is particularly important to understand whether strawberry is indeed able to represent a universal mechanism for the hormonal regulation of NC fruit ripening. In this mini-review, we summarized the recent research advance on the hormone regulation of NC ripening in relation to fruit organ origination, constitution, and structure, whereby analyzing and discussing whether NC fruits may share a common mechanism of hormonal regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dingyu Fan
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Hao
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Wensuo Jia
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang P, Yu A, Ji X, Mu Q, Salman Haider M, Wei R, Leng X, Fang J. Transcriptome and metabolite integrated analysis reveals that exogenous ethylene controls berry ripening processes in grapevine. Food Res Int 2022; 155:111084. [PMID: 35400460 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is generally classified as a non-climacteric fruit, the regulatory mechanisms of ethylene in the ripening of non-climacteric fruit are still poorly understood. In this study, exogenous ethephon (ETH) strongly stimulated fruit color and anthocyanin accumulation, which was consistent with the increased expression of anthocyanin structural, regulatory, and transport genes. ETH application increased ABA content and decreased IAA content by coordinating ABA and auxin biosynthesis regulatory network. ETH treatment also accelerated sugar (glucose and fructose) accumulation by enhancing the gene expression involved in sugar transport and sucrose cleavage. ETH treatment blocked the synthesis of cellulose and accelerated the degradation of pectin, which was strongly associated with berry softening. To further confirm the function of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling genes, transient overexpression of VvACO4 and VvEIL3 were performed in both in tomato and strawberry fruits. These findings of the ethylene cascade add to our understanding of ethylene in non-climacteric berry ripening regulation and revealed a complex involvement of ethylene and its interplay with phytohormones during grapevine berry ripening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Wang
- Institute of Grape Science and Engineering, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Aishui Yu
- Institute of Grape Science and Engineering, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), MARA, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xinglong Ji
- Institute of Grape Science and Engineering, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), MARA, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qian Mu
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250110, China
| | | | - Ruonan Wei
- Institute of Grape Science and Engineering, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiangpeng Leng
- Institute of Grape Science and Engineering, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), MARA, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Jinggui Fang
- Institute of Grape Science and Engineering, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang J, VanderWeide J, Yan Y, Tindjau R, Pico J, Deluc L, Zandberg WF, Castellarin SD. Impact of hormone applications on ripening-related metabolites in Gewürztraminer grapes (Vitis vinifera L.): The key role of jasmonates in terpene modulation. Food Chem 2022; 388:132948. [PMID: 35447584 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Terpenes play a formative role in grape and wine flavor, particularly for high-terpenic cultivars. Differences in terpene profiles influence grape varietal character and vintage quality. Little is known about the endogenous factors controlling terpene biosynthesis in grape. Through multiple experiments, six hormones (abscisic acid, ABA; ethylene, ETH; jasmonic acid, JA; methyl jasmonate, MeJA; indole-3-acetic acid, IAA; 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, NAA) that either promote or repress ripening were applied to Gewürztraminer clusters near veraison to gauge their effect on ripening and terpene biosynthesis. Jasmonates (JA, MeJA) increased terpene concentrations and the expression of terpene genes in grapes. Such increases were not associated to increases of other ripening-related metabolites such as sugars or anthocyanins. MeJA also affected the expression of several hormone related genes, increased IAA levels, and reduced sugar and anthocyanin concentration in grapes. This research provides novel insights into terpene regulation by ripening-related hormones and jasmonates in grapes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Wang
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Joshua VanderWeide
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yifan Yan
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ricco Tindjau
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Joana Pico
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Laurent Deluc
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon Wine Research Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Wesley F Zandberg
- Department of Chemistry, Wine Research Centre, Irving K. Barber Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Canada
| | - Simone D Castellarin
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang P, Ge M, Yu A, Song W, Fang J, Leng X. Effects of ethylene on berry ripening and anthocyanin accumulation of 'Fujiminori' grape in protected cultivation. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:1124-1136. [PMID: 34329497 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the grape berries are deliberated as a non-climacteric fruit, ethylene seems to be involved in grape berry ripening. However, the precise role of ethylene in regulating the ripening of non-climacteric fruits is poorly understood. RESULTS Exogenous ethephon (ETH) can stimulate the concentration of internal ethylene and accelerate the accumulation of anthocyanins in berries of 'Fujiminori', including malvidin-, delphinidin-, and petunidin-derivatives (3',4',5'-trihydroxylated anthocyanins) and cyanidin-derivatives (3',4'-dihydroxylated anthocyanins). The content of 3',4',5'-trihydroxylated anthocyanins was extremely higher than 3',4'-dihydroxylated anthocyanins, and ethylene did not affect the composition of anthocyanins in grape. Furthermore, we observed the expression of anthocyanin structural and regulatory genes as well as ethylene biosynthesis and response genes in response to ETH treatment. The anthocyanins accumulation is significantly associated with increased expression of anthocyanin structural (VvPAL, Vv4CH, VvCHS, VvCHI, VvF3H, and VvUFGT) and regulatory genes (VvMYBA1, VvMYBA2, and VvMYBA3), which persisted over the 12 days. In addition, exogenous ETH affected the endogenous ethylene biosynthesis (VvACO2 and VvACO4) and the downstream ethylene regulatory network (VvERS1, VvETR2, VvCTR1, and VvERF005). CONCLUSIONS These findings bring new insights into the physiological and molecular function of ethylene during berry development and ripening in grapes. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengqing Ge
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aishui Yu
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Song
- Fruit Industry Development and Service Center of Qixia, Yantai, China
| | - Jinggui Fang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangpeng Leng
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Clayton-Cuch D, Yu L, Shirley N, Bradley D, Bulone V, Böttcher C. Auxin Treatment Enhances Anthocyanin Production in the Non-Climacteric Sweet Cherry ( Prunus avium L.). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10760. [PMID: 34639100 PMCID: PMC8509301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key signaling molecule promoting ripening of non-climacteric fruits such as sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). To shed light on the role of other hormones on fruit development, ripening and anthocyanin production, the synthetic auxin 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) was applied to sweet cherry trees during the straw-color stage of fruit development. NAA-treated fruits exhibited higher concentrations of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and ABA-glucose ester (ABA-GE), which are a precursor of ethylene and a primary storage form of ABA, respectively. Consistent with these observations, transcript levels of genes encoding ACC synthase and ACC oxidase, both involved in ethylene biosynthesis, were increased after 6 days of NAA treatment, and both ABA concentration and expression of the regulator gene of ABA biosynthesis (NCED1 encoding 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase) were highest during early fruit ripening. In addition, transcript levels of key anthocyanin regulatory, biosynthetic and transport genes were significantly upregulated upon fruit exposure to NAA. This was accompanied by an increased anthocyanin concentration and fruit weight whilst fruit firmness and cracking index decreased. Altogether our data suggest that NAA treatment alters ethylene production, which in turn induces ripening in sweet cherry and enhanced anthocyanin production, possibly through ABA metabolism. The results from our study highlight the potential to use a single NAA treatment for manipulation of cherry ripening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Clayton-Cuch
- Adelaide Glycomics, Waite Campus, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia; (D.C.-C.); (L.Y.); (N.S.)
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Long Yu
- Adelaide Glycomics, Waite Campus, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia; (D.C.-C.); (L.Y.); (N.S.)
| | - Neil Shirley
- Adelaide Glycomics, Waite Campus, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia; (D.C.-C.); (L.Y.); (N.S.)
| | - David Bradley
- Agilent Technologies Australia Pty Ltd., Mulgrave, Melbourne, VIC 3170, Australia;
| | - Vincent Bulone
- Adelaide Glycomics, Waite Campus, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia; (D.C.-C.); (L.Y.); (N.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Glycoscience, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, AlbaNova University Centre, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christine Böttcher
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hidvégi N, Gulyás A, Teixeira da Silva JA, Wicaksono A, Kiss E. Promoter analysis of the SPATULA (FvSPT) and SPIRAL (FvSPR) genes in the woodland diploid strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.). Biol Futur 2021; 72:373-384. [PMID: 34554560 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-021-00089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify transcription factor (TF) binding sites and cis-regulatory elements (CREs) on the promoters of FvSPR1-like2 (SPIRAL) and FvSPT (SPATULA) genes in the woodland diploid strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.). We identified: (1) MYB59, WRKY25 and WRKY8 TFs which play a role in ethylene signaling; (2) ARF family of TFs which play a role in ARF-mediated auxin signaling on the promoter of FvSPR1-like2 gene; (3) ARR family of TFs which play a role in cytokinin signaling; (4) ERF family of TFs which play a role in ethylene signaling on the promoter of FvSPT. This bioinformatic analysis of TFs and CREs may provide a better understanding of the function of genes involved in, and the mechanism underlying, non-climateric ripening during strawberry fruit maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Hidvégi
- Centre for Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, Nyíregyháza, 4400, Hungary.
| | - Andrea Gulyás
- Centre for Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, Nyíregyháza, 4400, Hungary
| | - Jaime A Teixeira da Silva
- Centre for Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, Nyíregyháza, 4400, Hungary.,Independent Researcher, Miki-cho post office, Ikenobe 3011-2, P. O. Box 7, Kagawa-ken, 761-0799, Japan
| | - Adhityo Wicaksono
- Division of Biotechnology, Generasi Biologi Indonesia Foundation, Jl. Swadaya Barat no. 4, Gresik Regency, 61171, Indonesia
| | - Erzsébet Kiss
- Institute of Genetics, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Romero H, Pott DM, Vallarino JG, Osorio S. Metabolomics-Based Evaluation of Crop Quality Changes as a Consequence of Climate Change. Metabolites 2021; 11:461. [PMID: 34357355 PMCID: PMC8303867 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11070461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit composition determines the fruit quality and, consequently, consumer acceptance. As fruit quality can be modified by environmental conditions, it will be impacted by future alterations produced by global warming. Therefore, agricultural activities will be influenced by the changes in climatological conditions in cultivable areas, which could have a high socioeconomic impact if fruit production and quality decline. Currently, different stresses are being applied to several cultivated species to evaluate their impact on fruit metabolism and plant performance. With the use of metabolomic tools, these changes can be precisely measured, allowing us to determine changes in the patterns of individual compounds. As these changes depend on both the stress severity and the specific species involved and even on the specific cultivar, individual analysis must be conducted. To date, the most-studied crops have mainly been crops that are widely cultivated and have a high socioeconomic impact. In the near future, with the development of these metabolomic strategies, their implementation will be extended to other species, which will allow the adaptation of cultivation conditions and the development of varieties with high adaptability to climatological changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Romero
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (H.R.); (D.M.P.)
| | - Delphine M. Pott
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (H.R.); (D.M.P.)
| | - José G. Vallarino
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain;
| | - Sonia Osorio
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (H.R.); (D.M.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Previtali P, Dokoozlian NK, Pan BS, Wilkinson KL, Ford CM. Crop Load and Plant Water Status Influence the Ripening Rate and Aroma Development in Berries of Grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Cabernet Sauvignon. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:7709-7724. [PMID: 34189912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wine made from grapes subjected to accelerated ripening, an increasingly frequent phenomenon occurring in many wine regions due to peaks of heat and water stress, displays higher alcohol levels and lacks balance with color and flavor compounds. Herein, the rate of sugar accumulation of grapes was manipulated by varying the crop load and irrigation regime and the development of secondary metabolites was monitored by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A 3-week delay in ripening correlated to an increase in the concentration of some monoterpenes and norisoprenoids and a greater decrease of green aroma compounds. Delayed ripening had a positive impact on the phenolic composition of grapes, displaying higher contents of total anthocyanins, total phenolics, quercetin glycosides, and polymeric pigments. A map of the chemical composition of grapes close to harvest allowed discrimination of compounds mainly responsive to delayed ripening from those driven by crop load or irrigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Previtali
- Department of Wine Science and Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Nick K Dokoozlian
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
- E. & J. Gallo Winery, Modesto, California 95354, United States
| | - Bruce S Pan
- E. & J. Gallo Winery, Modesto, California 95354, United States
| | - Kerry L Wilkinson
- Department of Wine Science and Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Christopher M Ford
- Department of Wine Science and Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Theine J, Holtgräwe D, Herzog K, Schwander F, Kicherer A, Hausmann L, Viehöver P, Töpfer R, Weisshaar B. Transcriptomic analysis of temporal shifts in berry development between two grapevine cultivars of the Pinot family reveals potential genes controlling ripening time. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:327. [PMID: 34233614 PMCID: PMC8265085 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03110-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grapevine cultivars of the Pinot family represent clonally propagated mutants with major phenotypic and physiological differences, such as different colour or shifted ripening time, as well as changes in important viticultural traits. Specifically, the cultivars 'Pinot Noir' (PN) and 'Pinot Noir Precoce' (PNP, early ripening) flower at the same time, but vary in the beginning of berry ripening (veraison) and, consequently, harvest time. In addition to genotype, seasonal climatic conditions (i.e. high temperatures) also affect ripening times. To reveal possible regulatory genes that affect the timing of veraison onset, we investigated differences in gene expression profiles between PN and PNP throughout berry development with a closely meshed time series and over two separate years. RESULTS The difference in the duration of berry formation between PN and PNP was quantified to be approximately two weeks under the growth conditions applied, using plant material with a proven PN and PNP clonal relationship. Clusters of co-expressed genes and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected which reflect the shift in the timing of veraison onset. Functional annotation of these DEGs fit to observed phenotypic and physiological changes during berry development. In total, we observed 3,342 DEGs in 2014 and 2,745 DEGs in 2017 between PN and PNP, with 1,923 DEGs across both years. Among these, 388 DEGs were identified as veraison-specific and 12 were considered as berry ripening time regulatory candidates. The expression profiles revealed two candidate genes for ripening time control which we designated VviRTIC1 and VviRTIC2 (VIT_210s0071g01145 and VIT_200s0366g00020, respectively). These genes likely contribute the phenotypic differences observed between PN and PNP. CONCLUSIONS Many of the 1,923 DEGs show highly similar expression profiles in both cultivars if the patterns are aligned according to developmental stage. In our work, putative genes differentially expressed between PNP and PN which could control ripening time as well as veraison-specific genes were identified. We point out connections of these genes to molecular events during berry development and discuss potential candidate genes which may control ripening time. Two of these candidates were observed to be differentially expressed in the early berry development phase. Several down-regulated genes during berry ripening are annotated as auxin response factors / ARFs. Conceivably, general changes in auxin signaling may cause the earlier ripening phenotype of PNP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Theine
- Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Faculty of Biology & Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Daniela Holtgräwe
- Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Faculty of Biology & Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Katja Herzog
- Julius Kühn-Institute, Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - Florian Schwander
- Julius Kühn-Institute, Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - Anna Kicherer
- Julius Kühn-Institute, Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - Ludger Hausmann
- Julius Kühn-Institute, Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - Prisca Viehöver
- Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Faculty of Biology & Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Reinhard Töpfer
- Julius Kühn-Institute, Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Weisshaar
- Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Faculty of Biology & Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sabir F, Zarrouk O, Noronha H, Loureiro-Dias MC, Soveral G, Gerós H, Prista C. Grapevine aquaporins: Diversity, cellular functions, and ecophysiological perspectives. Biochimie 2021; 188:61-76. [PMID: 34139292 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High-scored premium wines are typically produced under moderate drought stress, suggesting that the water status of grapevine is crucial for wine quality. Aquaporins greatly influence the plant water status by facilitating water diffusion across the plasma membrane in a tightly regulated manner. They adjust the hydraulic conductance of the plasma membrane rapidly and reversibly, which is essential in specific physiological events, including adaptation to soil water scarcity. The comprehension of the sophisticated plant-water relations at the molecular level are thus important to optimize agricultural practices or to assist plant breeding programs. This review explores the recent progresses in understanding the water transport in grapevine at the cellular level through aquaporins and its regulation. Important aspects, including aquaporin structure, diversity, cellular localization, transport properties, and regulation at the cellular and whole plant level are addressed. An ecophysiological perspective about the roles of grapevine aquaporins in plant response to drought stress is also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Sabir
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal; Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Olfa Zarrouk
- Association SFCOLAB - Collaborative Laboratory for Digital Innovation in Agriculture, Rua Cândido dos Reis nº1, Espaço SFCOLAB, 2560-312, Torres Vedras, Portugal
| | - Henrique Noronha
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria C Loureiro-Dias
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Graça Soveral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hernâni Gerós
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal; Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Department of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Catarina Prista
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal; Departamento de Recursos Biologicos, Ambiente e Territorio (DRAT), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhu X, Chen Y, Li J, Ding X, Xiao S, Fan S, Song Z, Chen W, Li X. Exogenous 2,4-Epibrassinolide Treatment Maintains the Quality of Carambola Fruit Associated With Enhanced Antioxidant Capacity and Alternative Respiratory Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:678295. [PMID: 34149778 PMCID: PMC8212023 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.678295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids act by delaying fruit ripening. The effects of different concentrations of 2,4-epibrassinolide (eBL) treatments on carambola fruit ripening were investigated. The results show that treatment of 2.8 mg L-1, eBL with 10 min effectively delays ripening and maintains the quality of carambola fruit. This is achieved by retarding color changes and firmness losses while maintaining high level of soluble protein content and vitamin C, and low organic acid content. eBL-delayed senescence may be due to the inhibition of respiration rate and enhanced antioxidant system. It is noteworthy that eBL treatment markedly reduces the content of fructose-6-phosphate (6-P-F) and enhances the activity of cytochrome oxidase (CCO), and the total activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and 6-phosphate gluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGDH). eBL treatment induces the IAA and GA contents but reduces that of ABA. In general, senescence retardation and quality improvement by eBL treatment may be due to the enhanced antioxidant capacity and altered respiratory pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangling Xiao
- College of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Silin Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zunyang Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weixin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueping Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Regulation of Fruit Growth in a Peach Slow Ripening Phenotype. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040482. [PMID: 33810423 PMCID: PMC8066772 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumers' choices are mainly based on fruit external characteristics such as the final size, weight, and shape. The majority of edible fruit are by tree fruit species, among which peach is the genomic and genetic reference for Prunus. In this research, we used a peach with a slow ripening (SR) phenotype, identified in the Fantasia (FAN) nectarine, associated with misregulation of genes involved in mesocarp identity and showing a reduction of final fruit size. By investigating the ploidy level, we observed a progressive increase in endoreduplication in mesocarp, which occurred in the late phases of FAN fruit development, but not in SR fruit. During fruit growth, we also detected that genes involved in endoreduplication were differentially modulated in FAN compared to SR. The differential transcriptional outputs were consistent with different chromatin states at loci of endoreduplication genes. The impaired expression of genes controlling cell cycle and endocycle as well as those claimed to play a role in fruit tissue identity result in the small final size of SR fruit.
Collapse
|
22
|
He L, Meng N, Castellarin SD, Wang Y, Sun Q, Li XY, Dong ZG, Tang XP, Duan CQ, Pan QH. Combined Metabolite and Transcriptome Profiling Reveals the Norisoprenoid Responses in Grape Berries to Abscisic Acid and Synthetic Auxin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031420. [PMID: 33572582 PMCID: PMC7867017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The abscisic acid (ABA) increase and auxin decline are both indicators of ripening initiation in grape berry, and norisoprenoid accumulation also starts at around the onset of ripening. However, the relationship between ABA, auxin, and norisoprenoids remains largely unknown, especially at the transcriptome level. To investigate the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of the ABA and synthetic auxin 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on norisoprenoid production, we performed time-series GC-MS and RNA-seq analyses on Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon grape berries from pre-veraison to ripening. Higher levels of free norisoprenoids were found in ABA-treated mature berries in two consecutive seasons, and both free and total norisoprenoids were significantly increased by NAA in one season. The expression pattern of known norisoprenoid-associated genes in all samples and the up-regulation of specific alternative splicing isoforms of VviDXS and VviCRTISO in NAA-treated berries were predicted to contribute to the norisoprenoid accumulation in ABA and NAA-treated berries. Combined weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq) analysis suggested that VviGATA26, and the previously identified switch genes of myb RADIALIS (VIT_207s0005g02730) and MAD-box (VIT_213s0158g00100) could be potential regulators of norisoprenoid accumulation. The positive effects of ABA on free norisoprenoids and NAA on total norisoprenoid accumulation were revealed in the commercially ripening berries. Since the endogenous ABA and auxin are sensitive to environmental factors, this finding provides new insights to develop viticultural practices for managing norisoprenoids in vineyards in response to changing climates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.H.); (N.M.); (Y.W.); (Q.S.); (X.-Y.L.); (C.-Q.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nan Meng
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.H.); (N.M.); (Y.W.); (Q.S.); (X.-Y.L.); (C.-Q.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Simone D. Castellarin
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Yu Wang
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.H.); (N.M.); (Y.W.); (Q.S.); (X.-Y.L.); (C.-Q.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.H.); (N.M.); (Y.W.); (Q.S.); (X.-Y.L.); (C.-Q.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiang-Yi Li
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.H.); (N.M.); (Y.W.); (Q.S.); (X.-Y.L.); (C.-Q.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Dong
- Institute of Pomology, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030801, China; (Z.-G.D.); (X.-P.T.)
| | - Xiao-Ping Tang
- Institute of Pomology, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030801, China; (Z.-G.D.); (X.-P.T.)
| | - Chang-Qing Duan
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.H.); (N.M.); (Y.W.); (Q.S.); (X.-Y.L.); (C.-Q.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Pan
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.H.); (N.M.); (Y.W.); (Q.S.); (X.-Y.L.); (C.-Q.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62736191
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
He L, Ren ZY, Wang Y, Fu YQ, Li Y, Meng N, Pan QH. Variation of Growth-to-Ripening Time Interval Induced by Abscisic Acid and Synthetic Auxin Affecting Transcriptome and Flavor Compounds in Cabernet Sauvignon Grape Berry. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9050630. [PMID: 32423087 PMCID: PMC7286024 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin are important hormones controlling the ripening progression of grape berry, and both the initiation and duration of ripening can dramatically affect the berry quality. However, the responses of flavor compounds to the hormones are inadequately understood. In this study, ABA and synthetic auxin α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were sprayed on Cabernet Sauvignon berries before véraison, and comparative transcriptomic and metabolic analysis were conducted to investigate the influence on berry quality-related metabolites. The 1000 mg/L ABA (ABA1000) and 200 mg/L NAA (NAA200) treated grapes exhibited shorter and longer phenological intervals compared to the control, respectively. The transcriptomic comparison between pre-véraison and véraison revealed that the varied ripening initiation and duration significantly affected the expression of genes related to specific metabolism, particularly in the biosynthetic metabolism of anthocyanin and volatile compounds. The up-regulated VviF3’H in both ABA1000-treated and NAA200-treated berries increased the proportion of 3′-substituted anthocyanins, and the 3′5′-substituted anthocyanins were largely reduced in the NAA200-treated berries. Concurrently, VviCCD4a and VviCCD4b were up-regulated, and the norisoprenoids were correspondingly elevated in the NAA200-treated berries. These data suggest that ABA and NAA applications may be useful in controlling the ripening and improving the flavor of the grape berry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.H.); (Z.-Y.R.); (Y.W.); (Y.-Q.F.); (Y.L.); (N.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Ren
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.H.); (Z.-Y.R.); (Y.W.); (Y.-Q.F.); (Y.L.); (N.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agriculture University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.H.); (Z.-Y.R.); (Y.W.); (Y.-Q.F.); (Y.L.); (N.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ya-Qun Fu
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.H.); (Z.-Y.R.); (Y.W.); (Y.-Q.F.); (Y.L.); (N.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yue Li
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.H.); (Z.-Y.R.); (Y.W.); (Y.-Q.F.); (Y.L.); (N.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nan Meng
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.H.); (Z.-Y.R.); (Y.W.); (Y.-Q.F.); (Y.L.); (N.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Pan
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.H.); (Z.-Y.R.); (Y.W.); (Y.-Q.F.); (Y.L.); (N.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-138-1078-7962
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dal Santo S, Tucker MR, Tan HT, Burbidge CA, Fasoli M, Böttcher C, Boss PK, Pezzotti M, Davies C. Auxin treatment of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) berries delays ripening onset by inhibiting cell expansion. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:91-111. [PMID: 32043226 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-00977-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Auxin treatment of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries delays ripening by inducing changes in gene expression and cell wall metabolism and could combat some deleterious climate change effects. Auxins are inhibitors of grape berry ripening and their application may be useful to delay harvest to counter effects of climate change. However, little is known about how this delay occurs. The expression of 1892 genes was significantly changed compared to the control during a 48 h time-course where the auxin 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) was applied to pre-veraison grape berries. Principal component analysis showed that the control and auxin-treated samples were most different at 3 h post-treatment when approximately three times more genes were induced than repressed by NAA. There was considerable cross-talk between hormone pathways, particularly between those of auxin and ethylene. Decreased expression of genes encoding putative cell wall catabolic enzymes (including those involved with pectin) and increased expression of putative cellulose synthases indicated that auxins may preserve cell wall structure. This was confirmed by immunochemical labelling of berry sections using antibodies that detect homogalacturonan (LM19) and methyl-esterified homogalacturonan (LM20) and by labelling with the CMB3a cellulose-binding module. Comparison of the auxin-induced changes in gene expression with the pattern of these genes during berry ripening showed that the effect on transcription is a mix of changes that may specifically alter the progress of berry development in a targeted manner and others that could be considered as non-specific changes. Several lines of evidence suggest that cell wall changes and associated berry softening are the first steps in ripening and that delaying cell expansion can delay ripening providing a possible mechanism for the observed auxin effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Dal Santo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Matthew R Tucker
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Level 4, Main WIC Building, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Hwei-Ting Tan
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Level 4, Main WIC Building, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Crista A Burbidge
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Locked Bag 2, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Marianna Fasoli
- E. & J. Gallo Winery, 600 Yosemite Blvd, Modesto, CA, 95354, USA
| | - Christine Böttcher
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Locked Bag 2, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Paul K Boss
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Locked Bag 2, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Mario Pezzotti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Christopher Davies
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Locked Bag 2, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Griesser M, Savoi S, Supapvanich S, Dobrev P, Vankova R, Forneck A. Phytohormone profiles are strongly altered during induction and symptom development of the physiological ripening disorder berry shrivel in grapevine. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:141-157. [PMID: 32072393 PMCID: PMC7170833 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-00980-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The process of grape berry ripening follows three phases with distinct metabolic processes and complex regulations via phytohormones. The physiological ripening disorder berry shrivel (BS) is characterized by reduced sugar accumulation, low anthocyanin contents, and high acidity in affected berries. The processes leading to BS induction are unknown, but recent transcriptional data on reduced expression of switch genes hint towards a disturbed ripening onset. Herein we investigated the phytohormone composition throughout grape berry ripening in healthy and BS berries in Vitis vinifera L. cultivar Blauer Zweigelt. Thereby we hypothesize that phytohormones are key players for BS induction and suppress the expression of switch genes at veraison. The presented metabolomics and RNAseq data describe two distinct phytohormone profiles in BS berries, differing between pre- and post-veraison with a clear ethylene precursor (aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, ACC) peak before veraison. Exogenous application of ACC led to BS symptoms, while ethephone application led to berry abscission. During post-veraison, we observed high ABA-glucose ester (ABA-GE) and low indole-3-acetate aspartate (IAA-Asp) and isopentenyladenine (iP) contents in BS berries and the transcriptional induction of several phytohormone pathways. The presented descriptive data provide valuable knowledge to further decipher the role of phytohormones in BS induction and BS symptom development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Griesser
- Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Viticulture and Pomology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, Tulln, 3430, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Stefania Savoi
- AGAP, Montpellier University, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Suriyan Supapvanich
- Department of Agricultural Education, Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, 1 Chalongkrung Road, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Petre Dobrev
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radomira Vankova
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Astrid Forneck
- Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Viticulture and Pomology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, Tulln, 3430, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Xiao K, Chen J, He Q, Wang Y, Shen H, Sun L. DNA methylation is involved in the regulation of pepper fruit ripening and interacts with phytohormones. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:1928-1942. [PMID: 31907544 PMCID: PMC7242076 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence to suggest that epigenetic tags, especially DNA methylation, are critical regulators of fruit ripening. To examine whether this is the case in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) we conducted experiments at the transcriptional, epigenetic, and physiological levels. McrBC PCR, bisulfite sequencing, and real-time PCR demonstrated that DNA hypomethylation occurred in the upstream region of the transcription start site of some genes related to pepper ripening at the turning stage, which may be attributed to up-regulation of CaDML2-like and down-regulation of CaMET1-like1, CaMET1-like2, CaCMT2-like, and CaCMT4-like. Silencing of CaMET1-like1 by virus-induced gene silencing led to DNA hypomethylation, increased content of soluble solids, and accumulation of carotenoids in the fruit, which was accompanied by changes in expression of genes involved in capsanthin/capsorubin biosynthesis, cell wall degradation, and phytohormone metabolism and signaling. Endogenous ABA increased during fruit ripening, whereas endogenous IAA showed an opposite trend. No ethylene signal was detected during ripening. DNA hypomethylation repressed the expression of auxin and gibberellin biosynthesis genes as well as cytokinin degradation genes, but induced the expression of ABA biosynthesis genes. In mature-green pericarp, exogenous ABA induced expression of CaDML2-like but repressed that of CaCMT4-like. IAA treatment promoted the transcription of CaMET1-like1 and CaCMT3-like. Ethephon significantly up-regulated the expression of CaDML2-like. Treatment with GA3 and 6-BA showed indistinct effects on DNA methylation at the transcriptional level. On the basis of the results, a model is proposed that suggests a high likelihood of a role for DNA methylation in the regulation of ripening in the non-climacteric pepper fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xiao
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qixiumei He
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yixin Wang
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Huolin Shen
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zeng W, Niu L, Wang Z, Wang X, Wang Y, Pan L, Lu Z, Cui G, Weng W, Wang M, Meng X, Wang Z. Application of an antibody chip for screening differentially expressed proteins during peach ripening and identification of a metabolon in the SAM cycle to generate a peach ethylene biosynthesis model. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:31. [PMID: 32194967 PMCID: PMC7072073 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-0249-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Peach (Prunus persica) is a typical climacteric fruit that produces ethylene rapidly during ripening, and its fruit softens quickly. Stony hard peach cultivars, however, do not produce large amounts of ethylene, and the fruit remains firm until fully ripe, thus differing from melting flesh peach cultivars. To identify the key proteins involved in peach fruit ripening, an antibody-based proteomic analysis was conducted. A mega-monoclonal antibody (mAb) library was generated and arrayed on a chip (mAbArray) at a high density, covering ~4950 different proteins of peach. Through the screening of peach fruit proteins with the mAbArray chip, differentially expressed proteins recognized by 1587 mAbs were identified, and 33 corresponding antigens were ultimately identified by immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. These proteins included not only important enzymes involved in ethylene biosynthesis, such as ACO1, SAHH, SAMS, and MetE, but also novel factors such as NUDT2. Furthermore, protein-protein interaction analysis identified a metabolon containing SAHH and MetE. By combining the antibody-based proteomic data with the transcriptomic and metabolic data, a mathematical model of ethylene biosynthesis in peach was constructed. Simulation results showed that MetE is an important regulator during peach ripening, partially through interaction with SAHH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Zeng
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 450009 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liang Niu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 450009 Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Xiaobei Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 450009 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 450009 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Pan
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 450009 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Lu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 450009 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guochao Cui
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 450009 Zhengzhou, China
| | | | | | - Xun Meng
- Abmart, 200233 Shanghai, China
- Northwest University, 710127 Xi’an, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 450009 Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Jia H, Zhang Z, Zhang S, Fu W, Su L, Fang J, Jia H. Effect of the Methylation Level on the Grape Fruit Development Process. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:2099-2115. [PMID: 31961688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine is extensively grown for fresh table grapes, wine, and other processed products worldwide. DNA methylation levels are regulated by DNA methylation maintenance and DNA methylation removal involved in the grapevine growth. We comprehensively analyzed the transcriptome and metabolome of the 'Kyoho' fruit with or without demethylation and screened for a large number of differential genes and metabolites. Color, hardness, and aroma are the most obvious traits reflecting the ripening of grapes. We used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography to understand the changes in metabolites during ripening. We cloned many key genes selected by transcriptome analysis and found that intron retention was observed in VvCHS, VvDFR, and VvGST. The imbalance of methylation levels affects the alternative splicing of pre-mRNA, which makes the translation process abnormal and affects gene expression. In addition, analyzing promoters of some genes, such as proVvGST4 and proVvUFGT, found that the promoters of these genes after demethylating were more difficult to methylate. Taken together, this study will provide new insights into comprehension of the molecular mechanism of methylation during ripening of grape berries. In addition, the study provides some genetic information to help guide our improvement, cultivation, and management of grapes in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Jia
- College of Horticulture , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zibo Zhang
- College of Horticulture , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Saihang Zhang
- College of Horticulture , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Weihong Fu
- College of Horticulture , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyun Su
- College of Horticulture , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jinggui Fang
- College of Horticulture , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Jia
- College of Horticulture , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bai Q, Huang Y, Shen Y. The Physiological and Molecular Mechanism of Abscisic Acid in Regulation of Fleshy Fruit Ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:619953. [PMID: 33505417 PMCID: PMC7829184 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.619953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The ripening of fleshy fruits is coupled with the degradation of both chlorophyll and cell walls, as well as changes in the metabolism of phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, starch/sucrose, and carotenoids. These processes are controlled by phytohormones and other factors, including abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, auxin, polyamines, sugar, and reactive oxygen species. The ripening of climacteric fruits is controlled by ethylene and non-climacteric fruit ripening is regulated mainly by ABA. Also, ABA and ethylene may interact in both types of fruit ripening. ABA concentrations in fleshy fruits are regulated in response to developmental and environmental cues and are controlled by the relative rates of ABA biosynthesis and catabolism, the former mainly via 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenases (NCEDs) and β-glucosidases and the latter via ABA 8'-hydroxylases (CYP707As) and β-glycosyltransferases. In strawberry fruit ripening, ABA is perceived via at least two receptors, Pyrabactin resistance (PYR)/PYR-like (PYL) and putative abscisic acid receptor (ABAR), which are linked separately to the conserved signaling pathway ABA-FaPYR1-FaABIl-FaSnRK2 and the novel signaling pathway ABA-FaABAR-FaRIPK1-FaABI4. Downstream signaling components include important transcription factors, such as AREB (ABA responsive element binding protein)/ABF (ABRE binding factors ABA responsive factor), ethylene response factor (ERF), and V-myb Myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB), as well as ripening-related genes. Finally, a comprehensive model of ABA linked to ethylene, sugar, polyamines, auxin and reactive oxygen species in the regulation of strawberry fruit ripening is proposed. Next, new integrated mechanisms, including two ABA signaling pathways, ABA and ethylene signaling pathways, and ABA/ethylene to other phytohormones are interesting and important research topics in ripening, especially in non-climacteric fruits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Bai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Huang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Yun Huang,
| | - Yuanyue Shen
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuanyue Shen,
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhu X, Song Z, Li Q, Li J, Chen W, Li X. Physiological and transcriptomic analysis reveals the roles of 1-MCP in the ripening and fruit aroma quality of banana fruit (Fenjiao). Food Res Int 2019; 130:108968. [PMID: 32156402 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fenjiao (Musa ABB Pisang Awak) is a popular banana cultivar due to its good taste and stress resistance, but it has a short shelf-life and deteriorates rapidly post-harvest. The effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment on fruit physiology and quality and transcriptomic profiles are investigated in this study. The results showed that 1-MCP significantly delayed fruit ripening by repressing fruit softening and inhibiting the respiratory rate and ethylene production. The 1-MCP treatment delayed sugar accumulation and influenced the content of the precursors of the biosynthesis of aroma volatiles. 1-MCP reduced the production of flavor-contributing volatile esters isoamyl isobutyrate, isoamyl acetate and trans-2-hexenal and hexanal, but dramatically increased the hexyl acetate production at the full-ripening stage. The transcriptomic analysis showed that 1-MCP dramatically affected the transcript profiles during fruit ripening, especially the KEGG pathways involved in amino acid metabolism, biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, signal transduction, and translation classes. The key genes and the corresponding enzyme activities involved in the volatile and ethylene synthesis were severely repressed due to the 1-MCP treatment. The 1-MCP treatment effectively delayed Fenjiao fruit ripening, but affected volatile production by reducing the precursor production and expression level of genes involved in the metabolism pathways of ethylene, auxin and volatiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zunyang Song
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qiumian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Weixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xueping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Recent Advances in Hormonal Regulation and Cross-Talk during Non-Climacteric Fruit Development and Ripening. HORTICULTURAE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae5020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Fleshy fruits are characterized by having a developmentally and genetically controlled, highly intricate ripening process, leading to dramatic modifications in fruit size, texture, color, flavor, and aroma. Climacteric fruits such as tomato, pear, banana, and melon show a ripening-associated increase in respiration and ethylene production and these processes are well-documented. In contrast, the hormonal mechanism of fruit development and ripening in non-climacteric fruit, such as strawberry, grape, raspberry, and citrus, is not well characterized. However, recent studies have shown that non-climacteric fruit development and ripening, involves the coordinated action of different hormones, such as abscisic acid (ABA), auxin, gibberellins, ethylene, and others. In this review, we discuss and evaluate the recent research findings concerning the hormonal regulation of non-climacteric fruit development and ripening and their cross-talk by taking grape, strawberry, and raspberry as reference fruit species.
Collapse
|
32
|
Gao-Takai M, Katayama-Ikegami A, Matsuda K, Shindo H, Uemae S, Oyaizu M. A low temperature promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis but does not accelerate endogenous abscisic acid accumulation in red-skinned grapes. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 283:165-176. [PMID: 31128686 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of temperature on the concentrations of anthocyanins and endogenous plant hormones [abscisic acid (ABA), auxin, and cytokinin] were investigated using the detached berries of two related red-skinned cultivars cv. 'Aki Queen' and 'Ruby Roman' of the table grape Vitis labrusca L. × Vitis vinifera L. The total anthocyanin concentration of both cultivars was lower when exposed to high rather than low temperatures after véraison (the onset of ripening). However, the responses to temperature differed between the two cultivars, and anthocyanin accumulation could occur in 'Ruby Roman' at a higher temperature than in 'Aki Queen'. High temperatures increased the expression of VlMybA1-2 and VlMybA1-3, which encode myeloblastosis (MYB)-related transcription factors; however, the expression of the anthocyanin biosynthesis-related structural genes uridine diphosphate-d-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase, flavonoid 3'5' hydroxylase, and flavonoid O-methyltransferase at different temperatures did not correspond with that of the expression of MybAs. The concentration of ABA and its derivatives increased under high temperatures, but that of auxin and cytokinin decreased. The observation that high temperatures induced the accumulation of ABA and expression of VlMybA1s but not the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related structural genes implied the operation of a mechanism different from up-regulation of anthocyanin synthesis by VlMybA1s in the temperature response of grape berries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Gao-Takai
- Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan.
| | - Ayako Katayama-Ikegami
- Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Kenichi Matsuda
- Ishikawa Agriculture and Forestry Research Center, Agricultural Experiment Station, Sand Hill Place Agriculture Research Center, Kahoku 929-1126, Japan
| | - Hibiki Shindo
- Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Shintaro Uemae
- Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Miku Oyaizu
- Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Coelho J, Almeida-Trapp M, Pimentel D, Soares F, Reis P, Rego C, Mithöfer A, Fortes AM. The study of hormonal metabolism of Trincadeira and Syrah cultivars indicates new roles of salicylic acid, jasmonates, ABA and IAA during grape ripening and upon infection with Botrytis cinerea. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 283:266-277. [PMID: 31128697 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hormones play an important role in fruit ripening and in response to biotic stress. Nevertheless, analyses of hormonal profiling during plant development and defense are scarce. In this work, changes in hormonal metabolism in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) were compared between a susceptible (Trincadeira) and a tolerant (Syrah) variety during grape ripening and upon infection with Botrytis cinerea. Infection of grapes with the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea leads to significant economic losses worldwide. Peppercorn-sized fruits were infected in the field and mock-treated and infected berries were collected at green, veraison and harvest stages for hormone analysis and targeted qPCR analysis of genes involved in hormonal metabolism and signaling. Results indicate a substantial reprogramming of hormonal metabolism during grape ripening and in response to fungal attack. Syrah and Trincadeira presented differences in the metabolism of abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and jasmonates during grape ripening that may be connected to fruit quality. On the other hand, high basal levels of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonates and IAA at an early stage of ripening, together with activated SA, jasmonates and IAA signaling, likely enable a fast defense response leading to grape resistance/ tolerance towards B. cinerea. The balance among the different phytohormones seems to depend on the ripening stage and on the intra-specific genetic background and may be fundamental in providing resistance or susceptibility. In addition, this study indicated the involvement of SA and IAA in defense against necrotrophic pathogens and gains insights into possible strategies for conventional breeding and/or gene editing aiming at improving grape quality and grape resistance against Botrytis cinerea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Coelho
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioISI, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marilia Almeida-Trapp
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Diana Pimentel
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioISI, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Flávio Soares
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioISI, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Reis
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cecília Rego
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Ana Margarida Fortes
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioISI, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Farcuh M, Toubiana D, Sade N, Rivero RM, Doron-Faigenboim A, Nambara E, Sadka A, Blumwald E. Hormone balance in a climacteric plum fruit and its non-climacteric bud mutant during ripening. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 280:51-65. [PMID: 30824029 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Hormone balance plays a crucial role in the control of fruit ripening. We characterized and compared hormone balance in two Japanese plum cultivars (Prunus salicina Lindl.), namely Santa Rosa, a climacteric type, and Sweet Miriam, its non-climacteric bud-sport mutant. We assessed hormonal changes in gene expression associated with hormone biosynthesis, perception and signaling during ripening on-the tree and throughout postharvest storage and in response to ethylene treatments. Non-climacteric fruit displayed lower ethylene levels than climacteric fruit at all stages and lower auxin levels during the initiation of ripening on-the-tree and during most of post-harvest storage. Moreover, 1-MCP-induced ethylene decrease also resulted in low auxin contents in Santa Rosa, supporting the role of auxin in climacteric fruit ripening. The differences in auxin contents between Santa Rosa and Sweet Miriam fruit could be the consequence of different routed auxin biosynthesis pathways as indicated by the significant negative correlations between clusters of auxin metabolism-associated genes. Ethylene induced increased ABA levels throughout postharvest storage in both ripening types. Overall, ripening of Santa Rosa and Sweet Miriam fruit are characterized by distinct hormone accumulation pathways and interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Farcuh
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis CA 95616, USA
| | - David Toubiana
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis CA 95616, USA
| | - Nir Sade
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis CA 95616, USA; Department of Molecular Biology & Ecology of Plants, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978 Israel
| | | | - Adi Doron-Faigenboim
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, ARO, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Eiji Nambara
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3B2, Canada
| | - Avi Sadka
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, ARO, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Eduardo Blumwald
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis CA 95616, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Allwood JW, Woznicki TL, Xu Y, Foito A, Aaby K, Sungurtas J, Freitag S, Goodacre R, Stewart D, Remberg SF, Heide OM, Sønsteby A. Application of HPLC-PDA-MS metabolite profiling to investigate the effect of growth temperature and day length on blackcurrant fruit. Metabolomics 2019; 15:12. [PMID: 30830439 PMCID: PMC6326004 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1462-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) is an excellent example of a "super fruit" with potential health benefits. Both genotype and cultivation environment are known to affect the chemical composition of blackcurrant, especially ascorbic acid and various phenolic compounds. Environmental conditions, like temperature, solar radiation and precipitation can also have significant impact on fruit chemical composition. The relevance of the study is further accentuated by the predicted and ongoing changes in global climate. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to provide new knowledge and a deeper understanding of the effects of post flowering environmental conditions, namely temperature and day length, on fruit quality and chemical composition of blackcurrant using an untargeted high performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array-mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA-MS) metabolomics approach. METHODS A phytotron experiment with cultivation of single-stemmed potted plants of blackcurrant cv. Narve Viking was conducted using constant temperatures of 12, 18 or 24 °C and three different photoperiods (short day, short day with night interruption, and natural summer daylight conditions). Plants were also grown under ambient outdoor conditions. Ripe berries were analysed using an untargeted HPLC-PDA-MS metabolomics approach to detect the presence and concentration of molecules as affected by controlled climatic factors. RESULTS The untargeted metabolomics dataset contained a total of 7274 deconvolved retention time-m/z pairs across both electrospray ionisation (ESI) positive and negative polarities, from which 549 metabolites were identified or minimally annotated based upon accurate mass MS. Conventional principal component analysis (PCA) in combination with the Friedman significance test were applied to first identify which metabolites responded to temperature in a linear fashion. Multi-block hierarchical PCA in combination with the Friedman significance test was secondly applied to identify metabolites that were responsive to different day length conditions. Temperature had significant effect on a total of 365 metabolites representing a diverse range of chemical classes. It was observed that ripening of the blackcurrant berries under ambient conditions, compared to controlled conditions, resulted in an increased accumulation of 34 annotated metabolites, mainly anthocyanins and flavonoids. 18 metabolites were found to be regulated differentially under the different daylength conditions. Moreover, based upon the most abundant anthocyanins, a comparison between targeted and untargeted analyses, revealed a close convergence of the two analytical methods. Therefore, the study not just illustrates the value of non-targeted metabolomics approaches with respect to the huge diversity and numbers of significantly changed metabolites detected (and which would be missed by conventional targeted analyses), but also shows the validity of the non-targeted approach with respect to its precision compared to targeted analyses. CONCLUSIONS Blackcurrant maturation under controlled ambient conditions revealed a number of insightful relationships between environment and chemical composition of the fruit. A prominent reduction of the most abundant anthocyanins under the highest temperature treatments indicated that blackcurrant berries in general may accumulate lower total anthocyanins in years with extreme hot summer conditions. HPLC-PDA-MS metabolomics is an excellent method for broad analysis of chemical composition of berries rich in phenolic compounds. Moreover, the experiment in controlled phytotron conditions provided additional knowledge concerning plant interactions with the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J William Allwood
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, DD2 5DA, UK.
| | - Tomasz L Woznicki
- NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Pb 115, 1431, Ås, Norway
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Yun Xu
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute for Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Alexandre Foito
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Kjersti Aaby
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, 1430, Ås, Norway
| | - Julie Sungurtas
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Sabine Freitag
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Royston Goodacre
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute for Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Derek Stewart
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, DD2 5DA, UK
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Siv F Remberg
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Ola M Heide
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Anita Sønsteby
- NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Pb 115, 1431, Ås, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhang Z, Li X. Genome-wide identification of AP2/ERF superfamily genes and their expression during fruit ripening of Chinese jujube. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15612. [PMID: 30353116 PMCID: PMC6199273 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33744-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ethylene response factor (ERF) belongs to the APETALA2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF) superfamily, located at the end of the ethylene signalling pathway, and has important roles in regulating the ethylene-related response genes. Thus, identifying and charactering this transcription factor would be helpful to elucidate ethylene related fruit ripening regulation in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). In the present study, 119 AP2/ERF genes, including 5 Related to ABI3/VPs (RAV), 17 AP2s, 57 ERFs, 39 dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB) factors and 1 soloist gene, were identified from the jujube genome sequences. Genome localization, gene duplication, phylogenetic relationships and conserved motifs were simultaneously analysed. Using available transcriptomic data, 85 genes with differential transcripts in the flower, leaf and fruit were detected, suggesting a broad regulation of AP2/ERF genes in the growth and development of jujube. Among them, 44 genes were expressed in the fruit. As assessed by quantitative PCR, 15 up- and 23 downregulated genes corresponding to fruit full maturity were found, while in response to 100 μl l-1 ethylene, 6 up- and 16 downregulated genes were generated. By comparing the output, ZjERF54 and DREB39 were found to be the best candidate genes that positively participated in jujube fruit ripening, while ZjERF25 and ZjERF36, which had an ERF-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif, were ripening repressors. These findings help to gain insights into AP2/ERF gene evolution and provide a useful resource to further understand the ethylene regulatory mechanisms underlying Chinese jujube fruit ripening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Research Centre for Jujube Engineering and Technology of State Forestry Administration, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingang Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China. .,Research Centre for Jujube Engineering and Technology of State Forestry Administration, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China. .,Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Characterization of Vv-miR156: Vv-SPL pairs involved in the modulation of grape berry development and ripening. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 293:1333-1354. [PMID: 29943289 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SPL is a plant-specific transcription factor family. Many researchers reported that SPL members targeted by miR156s could play crucial roles in the modulation of plant growth and development. Although there are similar reports on grapes, till now little is known about grape berry development and ripening. To gain more insight into how grape miR156s (Vv-miR156s) modulated the above given processes of grape berries by mediating their target gene Vv-SPLs, here we identified the precise sequences of Vv-miR156s in 'Giant Rose' grape berries, predicted their potential targets, and revealed that the matching degree of various Vv-miR156: Vv-SPL pairs exhibited some discrepancy, implying the divergence of their interaction. Subsequently, we also discovered similar motifs such as ABRE, CGTCA and ERE, which are more specific to berry development and ripening, within the promoters of both Vv-MIR156s and Vv-SPLs. With berry development and ripening, meanwhile, Vv-miR156a, b/c/d, e and f/g/i exhibited an overall increasing expression trend, while their targets showed opposite trends at the corresponding stages. Additionally, exogenous ABA and NAA application promoted or curbed the expression of Vv-miR156s to some extent, before grape berry ripening stage. The cleavage products, sites and frequencies of Vv-miR156a, b/c/d, e, f/g/i and their respective targets (Vv-SPL2, 9, 10, 16) during grape berry development and ripening process were validated by our developed PPM-RACE and modified RLM-RACE together with qRT-PCR, which demonstrated that Vv-miR156s can be involved in the modulation of grape berry development and ripening process by mediating the expression of Vv-SPL2, 9, 10, 16. Our findings lay an important foundation for further recognizing their functions in grape berries, and enrich the knowledge of the regulatory mechanism of miRNA-mediated grape berry development and ripening.
Collapse
|
38
|
Hou Y, Zhai L, Li X, Xue Y, Wang J, Yang P, Cao C, Li H, Cui Y, Bian S. Comparative Analysis of Fruit Ripening-Related miRNAs and Their Targets in Blueberry Using Small RNA and Degradome Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122767. [PMID: 29257112 PMCID: PMC5751366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play vital roles in the regulation of fruit development and ripening. Blueberry is an important small berry fruit crop with economical and nutritional value. However, nothing is known about the miRNAs and their targets involved in blueberry fruit ripening. In this study, using high-throughput sequencing of small RNAs, 84 known miRNAs belonging to 28 families and 16 novel miRNAs were identified in white fruit (WF) and blue fruit (BF) libraries, which represent fruit ripening onset and in progress, respectively. Among them, 41 miRNAs were shown to be differentially expressed during fruit maturation, and 16 miRNAs representing 16 families were further chosen to validate the sRNA sequencing data by stem-loop qRT-PCR. Meanwhile, 178 targets were identified for 41 known and 7 novel miRNAs in WF and BF libraries using degradome sequencing, and targets of miR160 were validated using RLM-RACE (RNA Ligase-Mediated (RLM)-Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends) approach. Moreover, the expression patterns of 6 miRNAs and their targets were examined during fruit development and ripening. Finally, integrative analysis of miRNAs and their targets revealed a complex miRNA-mRNA regulatory network involving a wide variety of biological processes. The findings will facilitate future investigations of the miRNA-mediated mechanisms that regulate fruit development and ripening in blueberry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Hou
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Lulu Zhai
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Xuyan Li
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Yu Xue
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Jingjing Wang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Pengjie Yang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Chunmei Cao
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Hongxue Li
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Yuhai Cui
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada.
| | - Shaomin Bian
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wong DCJ, Lopez Gutierrez R, Gambetta GA, Castellarin SD. Genome-wide analysis of cis-regulatory element structure and discovery of motif-driven gene co-expression networks in grapevine. DNA Res 2017; 24:311-326. [PMID: 28119334 PMCID: PMC5499852 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsw061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordinated transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming ensures a plant’s continued growth and survival under adverse environmental conditions. Transcription factors (TFs) act to modulate gene expression through complex cis-regulatory element (CRE) interactions. Genome-wide analysis of known plant CREs was performed for all currently predicted protein-coding gene promoters in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Many CREs such as abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive, drought-responsive, auxin-responsive, and evening elements, exhibit bona fide CRE properties such as strong position bias towards the transcription start site (TSS) and over-representation when compared with random promoters. Genes containing these CREs are enriched in a large repertoire of plant biological pathways. Large-scale transcriptome analyses also show that these CREs are highly implicated in grapevine development and stress response. Numerous CRE-driven modules in condition-specific gene co-expression networks (GCNs) were identified and many of these modules were highly enriched for plant biological functions. Several modules corroborate known roles of CREs in drought response, pathogen defense, cell wall metabolism, and fruit ripening, whereas others reveal novel functions in plants. Comparisons with Arabidopsis suggest a general conservation in promoter architecture, gene expression dynamics, and GCN structure across species. Systems analyses of CREs provide insights into the grapevine cis-regulatory code and establish a foundation for future genomic studies in grapevine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gregory Alan Gambetta
- Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zenoni S, Dal Santo S, Tornielli GB, D’Incà E, Filippetti I, Pastore C, Allegro G, Silvestroni O, Lanari V, Pisciotta A, Di Lorenzo R, Palliotti A, Tombesi S, Gatti M, Poni S. Transcriptional Responses to Pre-flowering Leaf Defoliation in Grapevine Berry from Different Growing Sites, Years, and Genotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:630. [PMID: 28512461 PMCID: PMC5411443 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Leaf removal is a grapevine canopy management technique widely used to modify the source-sink balance and/or microclimate around berry clusters to optimize fruit composition. In general, the removal of basal leaves before flowering reduces fruit set, hence achieving looser clusters, and improves grape composition since yield is generally curtailed more than proportionally to leaf area itself. Albeit responses to this practice seem quite consistent, overall vine performance is affected by genotype, environmental conditions, and severity of treatment. The physiological responses of grape varieties to defoliation practices have been widely investigated, and just recently a whole genome transcriptomic approach was exploited showing an extensive transcriptome rearrangement in berries defoliated before flowering. Nevertheless, the extent to which these transcriptomic reactions could be manifested by different genotypes and growing environments is entirely unexplored. To highlight general responses to defoliation vs. different locations, we analyzed the transcriptome of cv. Sangiovese berries sampled at four development stages from pre-flowering defoliated vines in two different geographical areas of Italy. We obtained and validated five markers of the early defoliation treatment in Sangiovese, an ATP-binding cassette transporter, an auxin response factor, a cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, a flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase and an indole-3-acetate beta-glucosyltransferase. Candidate molecular markers were also obtained in another three grapevine genotypes (Nero d'Avola, Ortrugo, and Ciliegiolo), subjected to the same level of selective pre-flowering defoliation (PFD) over two consecutive years in their different areas of cultivation. The flavonol synthase was identified as a marker in the pre-veraison phase, the jasmonate methyltransferase during the transition phase and the abscisic acid receptor PYL4 in the ripening phase. The characterization of transcriptome changes in Sangiovese berry after PFD highlights, on one hand, the stronger effect of environment than treatment on the whole berry transcriptome rearrangement during development and, on the other, expands existing knowledge of the main molecular and biochemical modifications occurring in defoliated vines. Moreover, the identification of candidate genes associated with PFD in different genotypes and environments provides new insights into the applicability and repeatability of this crop practice, as well as its possible agricultural and qualitative outcomes across genetic and environmental variability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zenoni
- Department of Biotechnology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
- *Correspondence: Sara Zenoni,
| | | | | | - Erica D’Incà
- Department of Biotechnology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Filippetti
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Pastore
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Allegro
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - Oriana Silvestroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle MarcheAncona, Italy
| | - Vania Lanari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle MarcheAncona, Italy
| | - Antonino Pisciotta
- Department of Agricultural and Forest sciences, University of PalermoPalermo, Italy
| | - Rosario Di Lorenzo
- Department of Agricultural and Forest sciences, University of PalermoPalermo, Italy
| | - Alberto Palliotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università di PerugiaPerugia, Italy
| | - Sergio Tombesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università di PerugiaPerugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Vegetali Sostenibili, Università Cattolica del Sacro CuorePiacenza, Italy
| | - Matteo Gatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Vegetali Sostenibili, Università Cattolica del Sacro CuorePiacenza, Italy
| | - Stefano Poni
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Vegetali Sostenibili, Università Cattolica del Sacro CuorePiacenza, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Serrano A, Espinoza C, Armijo G, Inostroza-Blancheteau C, Poblete E, Meyer-Regueiro C, Arce A, Parada F, Santibáñez C, Arce-Johnson P. Omics Approaches for Understanding Grapevine Berry Development: Regulatory Networks Associated with Endogenous Processes and Environmental Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1486. [PMID: 28936215 PMCID: PMC5594091 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine fruit development is a dynamic process that can be divided into three stages: formation (I), lag (II), and ripening (III), in which physiological and biochemical changes occur, leading to cell differentiation and accumulation of different solutes. These stages can be positively or negatively affected by multiple environmental factors. During the last decade, efforts have been made to understand berry development from a global perspective. Special attention has been paid to transcriptional and metabolic networks associated with the control of grape berry development, and how external factors affect the ripening process. In this review, we focus on the integration of global approaches, including proteomics, metabolomics, and especially transcriptomics, to understand grape berry development. Several aspects will be considered, including seed development and the production of seedless fruits; veraison, at which anthocyanin accumulation begins in the berry skin of colored varieties; and hormonal regulation of berry development and signaling throughout ripening, focusing on the transcriptional regulation of hormone receptors, protein kinases, and genes related to secondary messenger sensing. Finally, berry responses to different environmental factors, including abiotic (temperature, water-related stress and UV-B radiation) and biotic (fungi and viruses) stresses, and how they can significantly modify both, development and composition of vine fruit, will be discussed. Until now, advances have been made due to the application of Omics tools at different molecular levels. However, the potential of these technologies should not be limited to the study of single-level questions; instead, data obtained by these platforms should be integrated to unravel the molecular aspects of grapevine development. Therefore, the current challenge is the generation of new tools that integrate large-scale data to assess new questions in this field, and to support agronomical practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Serrano
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Carmen Espinoza
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Grace Armijo
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Inostroza-Blancheteau
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaría, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Escuela de Agronomía, Universidad Católica de TemucoTemuco, Chile
| | - Evelyn Poblete
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Meyer-Regueiro
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Anibal Arce
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Parada
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Santibáñez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
- Ecophysiology and Functional Genomic of Grapevine, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de BordeauxBordeaux, France
| | - Patricio Arce-Johnson
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Patricio Arce-Johnson,
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chen WK, Bai XJ, Cao MM, Cheng G, Cao XJ, Guo RR, Wang Y, He L, Yang XH, He F, Duan CQ, Wang J. Dissecting the Variations of Ripening Progression and Flavonoid Metabolism in Grape Berries Grown under Double Cropping System. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1912. [PMID: 29176986 PMCID: PMC5686318 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A double cropping system has been commercially adopted in southern China, where there is abundant sunshine and heat resources. In this viticulture system, the first growing season normally starts as a summer cropping cycle; then, the vine is pruned and forced, resulting in a second crop in winter. Due to climate differences between the summer and winter growing seasons, grape ripening progression and flavonoid metabolism vary greatly. Here, the metabolites and transcriptome of flavonoid pathways were analyzed in grapes grown under two growing seasons at different stages. Notably, the winter cropping cycle strongly increased flavonoid levels by several times in comparison to summer grapes, while the summer season took a major toll on anthocyanin and flavonol accumulation, since the winter cropping greatly triggered the expression of upstream genes in the flavonoid pathway in a coordinated expression pattern. Moreover, the ratio of VviF3'5'Hs (flavonoid 3'5'-hydroxylase) to VviF3'Hs (flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase) transcript levels correlated remarkably well with the ratio of 3'5'-substituted to 3'-substituted flavonoids, which was presumed to control the flux of intermediates into different flavonoid branches. On the other hand, the phenological phase also varied greatly in the two crops. Compared to summer cropping, winter growing season accelerated the duration from budburst to veraison, therefore advancing the onset of ripening, but also prolonging the duration of ripening progression due to the purposes to harvest high-quality grapes. The differential expression pattern of hormone-related genes between the two cropping cycles might explain this phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Kai Chen
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xian-Jin Bai
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Mu-Ming Cao
- Grape and Wine Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Guo Cheng
- Grape and Wine Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Xiong-Jun Cao
- Grape and Wine Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Rong-Rong Guo
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Nanning, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Lei He
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Yang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Fei He
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Chang-Qing Duan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhao F, Wang C, Han J, Zhu X, Li X, Wang X, Fang J. Characterization of miRNAs responsive to exogenous ethylene in grapevine berries at whole genome level. Funct Integr Genomics 2016; 17:213-235. [PMID: 27696076 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-016-0514-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of various biological and metabolic processes of plants. Numerous miRNAs and their functions have been identified and analyzed in many plants. However, till now, the involvement of miRNAs in the response of grapevine berries to ethylene has not been reported yet. Here, Solexa technology was employed to deeply sequence small RNA libraries constructed from grapevine berries treated with and without ethylene. A total of 124 known and 78 novel miRNAs were identified. Among these miRNAs, 162 miRNAs were clearly responsive to ethylene, with 55 downregulated, 59 upregulated, and 14 unchanged miRNAs detected only in the control. The other 35 miRNAs responsive to ethylene were induced by ethylene and detected only in the ethylene-treated grapevine materials. Expression analysis of 27 conserved and 26 novel miRNAs revealed that 13 conserved and 18 novel ones were regulated by ethylene during the whole development of grapevine berries. High-throughput sequencing and qRT-PCR assays revealed consistent results on the expression results of ethylene-responsive miRNAs. Moreover, 90 target genes for 34 novel miRNAs were predicted, most of which were involved in responses to various stresses, especially like exogenous ethylene treatment. The identified miRNAs may be mainly involved in grapevine berry development and response to various environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanggui Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jian Han
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xicheng Wang
- Institute of Horticulture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jinggui Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Vondras AM, Gouthu S, Schmidt JA, Petersen AR, Deluc LG. The contribution of flowering time and seed content to uneven ripening initiation among fruits within Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir clusters. PLANTA 2016; 243:1191-202. [PMID: 26874729 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ripening initiation-associated hormonal changes and sugar accumulation for individual fruits differed by seed content and did not depend heavily on flowering time or duration from anthesis to clusters' onset of ripening. For Vitis vinifera, the ripening initiation of individual fruits in a cluster occurs unevenly. This developmental period is called véraison. Why individual fruits initiate ripening at different times is not well studied, though differences in seed content and unequal developmental durations that arise from asynchronous flowering within a cluster have been proposed. This study examined how much both variables contribute to individual fruits' ripening progress by mid-véraison, when half of berries in a cluster have initiated ripening, and whether either or both factors affect the timing of characteristic, ripening-initiation associated changes in abscisic acid and auxin before, at, and after véraison. Overall, developmental duration and flowering time did not sufficiently explain how far berries had progressed into the ripening stage because fruits did not require a fixed amount of time to initiate ripening. Fruits from early and late flowers but of similar seed content were able to initiate ripening at the same time despite differences in chronological age. This suggests either an early developmental enhancement occurred for late-initiated fruits or that flowering time is an inappropriate "day zero". Ultimately, only seed content was linked to the timing and magnitude of ripening-related hormone changes, supporting that seeds have a comparatively larger influence than flowering time on the ripening initiation of individual berries. More specifically, if the fraction of berry weight occupied by seed was high, then the initiation of ripening for that berry and its associated hormone changes were delayed relative to berries with less seed weight versus total berry weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Vondras
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Gouthu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Joseph A Schmidt
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Anna-Rose Petersen
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Laurent G Deluc
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Botton A, Rasori A, Ziliotto F, Moing A, Maucourt M, Bernillon S, Deborde C, Petterle A, Varotto S, Bonghi C. The peach HECATE3-like gene FLESHY plays a double role during fruit development. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 91:97-114. [PMID: 26846510 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Tight control of cell/tissue identity is essential for a correct and functional organ patterning, an important component of overall fruit development and eventual maturation and ripening. Despite many investigations regarding the molecular determinants of cell identity in fruits of different species, a useful model able to depict the regulatory networks governing this relevant part of fruit development is still missing. Here we described the peach fruit as a system to link the phenotype of a slow ripening (SR) selection to an altered transcriptional regulation of genes involved in determination of mesocarp cell identity providing insight toward molecular regulation of fruit tissue formation. Morpho-anatomical observations and metabolomics analyses performed during fruit development on the reference cultivar Fantasia, compared to SR, revealed that the mesocarp of SR maintained typical immaturity traits (e.g. small cell size, high amino acid contents and reduced sucrose) throughout development, along with a strong alteration of phenylpropanoid contents, resulting in accumulation of phenylalanine and lignin. These findings suggest that the SR mesocarp is phenotypically similar to a lignifying endocarp. To test this hypothesis, the expression of genes putatively involved in determination of drupe tissues identity was assessed. Among these, the peach HEC3-like gene FLESHY showed a strongly altered expression profile consistent with pit hardening and fruit ripening, generated at a post-transcriptional level. A double function for FLESHY in channelling the phenylpropanoid pathway to either lignin or flavour/aroma is suggested, along with its possible role in triggering auxin-ethylene cross talk at the start of ripening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Botton
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, viale dell'Università, 16, Agripolis, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Angela Rasori
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, viale dell'Università, 16, Agripolis, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Ziliotto
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, viale dell'Università, 16, Agripolis, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Annick Moing
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Mickaël Maucourt
- Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, University of Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Stéphane Bernillon
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Catherine Deborde
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Anna Petterle
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, viale dell'Università, 16, Agripolis, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Serena Varotto
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, viale dell'Università, 16, Agripolis, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Claudio Bonghi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, viale dell'Università, 16, Agripolis, 35020, Legnaro, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Corso M, Vannozzi A, Ziliotto F, Zouine M, Maza E, Nicolato T, Vitulo N, Meggio F, Valle G, Bouzayen M, Müller M, Munné-Bosch S, Lucchin M, Bonghi C. Grapevine Rootstocks Differentially Affect the Rate of Ripening and Modulate Auxin-Related Genes in Cabernet Sauvignon Berries. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:69. [PMID: 26904046 PMCID: PMC4746306 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In modern viticulture, grafting commercial grapevine varieties on interspecific rootstocks is a common practice required for conferring resistance to many biotic and abiotic stresses. Nevertheless, the use of rootstocks to gain these essential traits is also known to impact grape berry development and quality, although the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. In grape berries, the onset of ripening (véraison) is regulated by a complex network of mobile signals including hormones such as auxins, ethylene, abscisic acid, and brassinosteroids. Recently, a new rootstock, designated M4, was selected based on its enhanced tolerance to water stress and medium vigor. This study investigates the effect of M4 on Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) berry development in comparison to the commercial 1103P rootstock. Physical and biochemical parameters showed that the ripening rate of CS berries is faster when grafted onto M4. A multifactorial analysis performed on mRNA-Seq data obtained from skin and pulp of berries grown in both graft combinations revealed that genes controlling auxin action (ARF and Aux/IAA) represent one of main categories affected by the rootstock genotype. Considering that the level of auxin tightly regulates the transcription of these genes, we investigated the behavior of the main gene families involved in auxin biosynthesis and conjugation. Molecular and biochemical analyses confirmed a link between the rate of berry development and the modulation of auxin metabolism. Moreover, the data indicate that this phenomenon appears to be particularly pronounced in skin tissue in comparison to the flesh.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Corso
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova AgripolisLegnaro, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale per la Ricerca in Viticoltura e Enologia, University of PadovaConegliano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vannozzi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova AgripolisLegnaro, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale per la Ricerca in Viticoltura e Enologia, University of PadovaConegliano, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Ziliotto
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova AgripolisLegnaro, Italy
| | - Mohamed Zouine
- Genomics and Biotechnology of Fruit Laboratory, Institut National Polytechnique de ToulouseToulouse, France
| | - Elie Maza
- Genomics and Biotechnology of Fruit Laboratory, Institut National Polytechnique de ToulouseToulouse, France
| | - Tommaso Nicolato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova AgripolisLegnaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Vitulo
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale per le Biotecnologie Innovative, University of PadovaPadova, Italy
| | - Franco Meggio
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova AgripolisLegnaro, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale per la Ricerca in Viticoltura e Enologia, University of PadovaConegliano, Italy
| | - Giorgio Valle
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale per le Biotecnologie Innovative, University of PadovaPadova, Italy
| | - Mondher Bouzayen
- Genomics and Biotechnology of Fruit Laboratory, Institut National Polytechnique de ToulouseToulouse, France
| | - Maren Müller
- Department of Vegetal Biology, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Vegetal Biology, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Margherita Lucchin
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova AgripolisLegnaro, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale per la Ricerca in Viticoltura e Enologia, University of PadovaConegliano, Italy
| | - Claudio Bonghi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova AgripolisLegnaro, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale per la Ricerca in Viticoltura e Enologia, University of PadovaConegliano, Italy
- *Correspondence: Claudio Bonghi
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Augimeri RV, Strap JL. The Phytohormone Ethylene Enhances Cellulose Production, Regulates CRP/FNRKx Transcription and Causes Differential Gene Expression within the Bacterial Cellulose Synthesis Operon of Komagataeibacter (Gluconacetobacter) xylinus ATCC 53582. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1459. [PMID: 26733991 PMCID: PMC4686702 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Komagataeibacter (formerly Gluconacetobacter) xylinus ATCC 53582 is a plant-associated model organism for bacterial cellulose (BC) biosynthesis. This bacterium inhabits the carposphere where it interacts with fruit through the bi-directional transfer of phytohormones. The majority of research regarding K. xylinus has been focused on identifying and characterizing structural and regulatory factors that control BC biosynthesis, but its ecophysiology has been generally overlooked. Ethylene is a phytohormone that regulates plant development in a variety of ways, but is most commonly known for its positive role on fruit ripening. In this study, we utilized ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) to produce in situ ethylene to investigate the effects of this phytohormone on BC production and the expression of genes known to be involved in K. xylinus BC biosynthesis (bcsA, bcsB, bcsC, bcsD, cmcAx, ccpAx and bglAx). Using pellicle assays and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), we demonstrate that ethephon-derived ethylene enhances BC directly in K. xylinus by up-regulating the expression of bcsA and bcsB, and indirectly though the up-regulation of cmcAx, ccpAx, and bglAx. We confirm that IAA directly decreases BC biosynthesis by showing that IAA down-regulates bcsA expression. Similarly, we confirm that ABA indirectly influences BC biosynthesis by showing it does not affect the expression of bcs operon genes. In addition, we are the first to report the ethylene and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) induced differential expression of genes within the bacterial cellulose synthesis (bcs) operon. Using bioinformatics we have identified a novel phytohormone-regulated CRP/FNRKx transcription factor and provide evidence that it influences BC biosynthesis in K. xylinus. Lastly, utilizing current and previous data, we propose a model for the phytohormone-mediated fruit-bacteria interactions that K. xylinus experiences in nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Janice L. Strap
- Molecular Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, OshawaON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Costantini L, Malacarne G, Lorenzi S, Troggio M, Mattivi F, Moser C, Grando MS. New candidate genes for the fine regulation of the colour of grapes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:4427-40. [PMID: 26071528 PMCID: PMC4507754 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, great progress has been made in clarifying the main determinants of anthocyanin accumulation in grape berry skin. However, the molecular details of the fine variation among cultivars, which ultimately contributes to wine typicity, are still not completely understood. To shed light on this issue, the grapes of 170 F1 progeny from the cross 'Syrah'×'Pinot Noir' were characterized at the mature stage for the content of 15 anthocyanins during four growing seasons. This huge data set was used in combination with a dense genetic map to detect genomic regions controlling the anthocyanin pathway both at key enzymatic points and at particular branches. Genes putatively involved in fine tuning the global regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis were identified by exploring the gene predictions in the QTL (quantitative trait locus) confidence intervals and their expression profile during berry development in offspring with contrasting anthocyanin accumulation. New information on some aspects which had scarcely been investigated so far, such as anthocyanin transport into the vacuole, or completely neglected, such as acylation, is provided. These genes represent a valuable resource in grapevine molecular-based breeding programmes to improve both fruit and wine quality and to tailor wine sensory properties according to consumer demand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Costantini
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Giulia Malacarne
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Silvia Lorenzi
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Michela Troggio
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Claudio Moser
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Grando
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Fortes AM, Teixeira RT, Agudelo-Romero P. Complex Interplay of Hormonal Signals during Grape Berry Ripening. Molecules 2015; 20:9326-43. [PMID: 26007186 PMCID: PMC6272489 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20059326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape and wine production and quality is extremely dependent on the fruit ripening process. Sensory and nutritional characteristics are important aspects for consumers and their development during fruit ripening involves complex hormonal control. In this review, we explored data already published on grape ripening and compared it with the hormonal regulation of ripening of other climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. The roles of abscisic acid, ethylene, and brassinosteroids as promoters of ripening are discussed, as well as the role of auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, jasmonates, and polyamines as inhibitors of ripening. In particular, the recently described role of polyamine catabolism in grape ripening is discussed, together with its putative interaction with other hormones. Furthermore, other recent examples of cross-talk among the different hormones are presented, revealing a complex interplay of signals during grape development and ripening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Fortes
- BioISI, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia de Química Biológica (ITQB), Biotecnologia de Células Vegetais, Av. da República, 2781-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Rita Teresa Teixeira
- BioISI, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patricia Agudelo-Romero
- BioISI, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gouthu S, Deluc LG. Timing of ripening initiation in grape berries and its relationship to seed content and pericarp auxin levels. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:46. [PMID: 25848949 PMCID: PMC4340107 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0440-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual berries in a grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cluster enter the ripening phase at different times leading to an asynchronous cluster in terms of ripening. The factors causing this variable ripening initiation among berries are not known. Because the influence via hormonal communication of the seed on fruit set and growth is well known across fruit species, differences in berry seed content and resultant quantitative or qualitative differences in the hormone signals to the pericarp likely influence the relative timing of ripening initiation among berries of the cluster. RESULTS At the time of the initiation of cluster ripening (véraison), underripe green berries have higher seed content compared to the riper berries and there is a negative correlation between the seed weight-to-berry weight ratio (SB) and the sugar level in berries of a cluster. Auxin levels in seeds relative to the pericarp tissues are two to 12 times higher at pre-ripening stages. The pericarp of berries with high-SB had higher auxin and lower abscisic acid (ABA) levels compared to those with low-SB from two weeks before véraison. In the prevéraison cluster, the expression of auxin-response factor genes was significantly higher in the pericarp of high-SB berries and remained higher until véraison compared to low-SB berries. The expression level of auxin-biosynthetic genes in the pericarp was the same between both berry groups based upon similar expression activity of YUC genes that are rate-limiting factors in auxin biosynthesis. On the other hand, in low-SB berries, the expression of ABA-biosynthetic and ABA-inducible NCED and MYB genes was higher even two weeks before véraison. CONCLUSIONS Differences in the relative seed content among berries plays a major role in the timing of ripening initiation. Towards the end of berry maturation phase, low and high levels of auxin are observed in the pericarp of low- and high-SB berries, respectively. This results in higher auxin-signaling activity that lasts longer in the pericarp of high-SB berries. In contrast, in low-SB berries, concomitant with an earlier decrease of auxin level, the features of ripening initiation, such as increases in ABA and sugar accumulation begin earlier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satyanarayana Gouthu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - Laurent G Deluc
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| |
Collapse
|