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Zhang YG, Zhang T, Lin L. Identification of Flo11-like Adhesin in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and the Mechanism of Small-Molecule Compounds Mediating Biofilm Formation in Yeasts. Microorganisms 2024; 12:358. [PMID: 38399762 PMCID: PMC10893080 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungal infection is initiated by the adhesion of pathogens to biotic and abiotic surfaces, with various manifestations including biofilm formation and invasive growth, etc. A previous report, though devoid of functional data, speculated that the Schizosaccharomyces pombe glycoprotein SPBPJ4664.02 could be the homology of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Flo11. Here, our studies with S. pombe substantiated the previously proposed speculation by (1) the deletion of SPBPJ4664.02 attenuated biofilm formation and invasive growth in S. pombe; (2) the S. pombe's lack of SPBPJ4664.02 could be complemented by expressing S. cerevisiae flo11. Furthermore, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and dodecanol were examined in S. pombe for their respective effects on biofilm formation. IAA and dodecanol at high concentrations could inhibit biofilm formation, whereas opposing effects were observed with low concentrations of these molecules. Mechanism studies with the SPBPJ4664.02Δ and SPBPJ4664.02Δ/flo11OE versus the wild type have demonstrated that IAA or dodecanol might exert regulatory effects downstream of SPBPJ4664.02 in the signaling pathway for biofilm formation. Moreover, our research extrapolated to Candida albicans has pinpointed that IAA inhibited biofilm formation at high concentrations, consistent with the transcriptional downregulation of the biofilm-related genes. Dodecanol suppressed C. albicans biofilm formation at all the concentrations tested, in accord with the downregulation of biofilm-related transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Gang Zhang
- Medical School, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases (MOE), School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China;
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China;
| | - Lan Lin
- Medical School, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases (MOE), School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China;
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Wang H, Jin H, Chen Z, Li W, Ma J, Hu T, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Lin X, Xie Z. Azospirillum isscasi sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from rhizosphere soil of rice. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2024; 74. [PMID: 38214292 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
A Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacterium, designated C340-1T, was isolated and screened from paddy soil in Zhongshan County, Guangxi Province, PR China. This strain grew at 20-42 °C (optimum, 37 °C), pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-1 %) on Reasoner's 2A medium. The strain could fix atmospheric nitrogen and acetylene reduction activity was recorded up to 120.26 nmol ethylene h-1 (mg protein)-1. Q-10 was the only isoprenoid quinone component; phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified polar lipid were the major polar lipids. Summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c) and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c) were the primary cellular fatty acids. The genome of strain C340-1T was 6.18 Mb, and the G+C content was 69.0 mol%. Phylogenetic tree analysis based on 16S rRNA gene and 92 core genes showed that strain C340-1T was closely related to and clustered with the type strains Azospirillum brasilense JCM 1224T, Azospirillum argentinense Az39T, Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245T and Azospirillum formosense JCM 17639T. The average nucleotide identity (ANI), average amino acid identity (AAI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain C340-1T and the closely related type strains mentioned above were significantly lower than the threshold values for species classification (95-96 %, 95-96 % and 70 %, respectively). Based on phylogenetic, genomic, phenotypic, physiological and biochemical data, we have reason to believe that C340-1T represents a new species of the genus Azospirillum, for which the name Azospirillum isscasi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is C340-1T(=CCTCC AB 2023105T=KCTC 8126T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Haiyang Jin
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Zhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Wenjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, PR China
| | - Tianlong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Qi Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xingwu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Zubin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
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Devi S, Sharma S, Tiwari A, Bhatt AK, Singh NK, Singh M, Kumar A. Screening for Multifarious Plant Growth Promoting and Biocontrol Attributes in Bacillus Strains Isolated from Indo Gangetic Soil for Enhancing Growth of Rice Crops. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11041085. [PMID: 37110508 PMCID: PMC10142854 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multifarious plant growth-promoting Bacillus strains recovered from rhizospheric soils of the Indo Gangetic plains (IGPs) were identified as Bacillus licheniformis MNNITSR2 and Bacillus velezensis MNNITSR18 based on their biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA gene analysis. Both strains exhibited the ability to produce IAA, siderophores, ammonia, lytic enzymes, HCN production, and phosphate solubilization capability and strongly inhibited the growth of phytopathogens such as Rhizoctonia solani and Fusariun oxysporum in vitro. In addition, these strains are also able to grow at a high temperature of 50 °C and tolerate up to 10-15% NaCl and 25% PEG 6000. The results of the pot experiment showed that individual seed inoculation and the coinoculation of multifarious plant growth promoting (PGP) Bacillus strains (SR2 and SR18) in rice fields significantly enhanced plant height, root length volume, tiller numbers, dry weight, and yield compared to the untreated control. This indicates that these strains are potential candidates for use as PGP inoculants/biofertilizers to increase rice productivity under field conditions for IGPs in Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Devi
- Department of Microbiology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summerhill, Shimla 171005, India
| | - Shivesh Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, India
| | - Ashish Tiwari
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summerhill, Shimla 171005, India
| | - Nand Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, India
| | - Monika Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Lei L, Zhang JY, Pu D, Liu BZ, Meng XM, Shang QM, Duan YD, Zhang F, Zhang MX, Dong CJ. ABA-responsive AREB1/ABI3-1/ABI5 cascade regulates IAA oxidase gene SlDAO2 to inhibit hypocotyl elongation in tomato. Plant Cell Environ 2023; 46:498-517. [PMID: 36369997 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hypocotyl elongation is dramatically influenced by environmental factors and phytohormones. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) plays a prominent role in hypocotyl elongation, whereas abscisic acid (ABA) is regarded as an inhibitor through repressing IAA synthesis and signalling. However, the regulatory role of ABA in local IAA deactivation remains largely uncharacterized. In this study, we confirmed the antagonistic interplay of ABA and IAA during the hypocotyl elongation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings. We identified an IAA oxidase enzyme DIOXYGENASE FOR AUXIN OXIDATION2 (SlDAO2), and its expression was induced by both external and internal ABA signals in tomato hypocotyls. Moreover, the overexpression of SlDAO2 led to a reduced sensitivity to IAA, and the knockout of SlDAO2 alleviated the inhibitory effect of ABA on hypocotyl elongation. Furthermore, an ABA-responsive regulatory SlAREB1/SlABI3-1/SlABI5 cascade was identified to act upstream of SlDAO2 and to precisely control its expression. SlAREB1 directly bound to the ABRE present in the SlDAO2 promoter to activate SlDAO2 expression, and SlABI3-1 enhanced while SlABI5 inhibited the activation ability of SlAREB1 by directly interacting with SlAREB1. Our findings revealed that ABA might induce local IAA oxidation and deactivation via SlDAO2 to modulate IAA homoeostasis and thereby repress hypocotyl elongation in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Ya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Pu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Zhu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Min Meng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Mao Shang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Dan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Xia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Juan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Dong L, Ma Y, Chen CY, Shen L, Sun W, Cui G, Naqvi NI, Deng YZ. Identification and Characterization of Auxin/IAA Biosynthesis Pathway in the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8020208. [PMID: 35205962 PMCID: PMC8879529 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae has been known to produce the phytohormone auxin/IAA from its hyphae and conidia, but the detailed biological function and biosynthesis pathway is largely unknown. By sequence homology, we identified a complete indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA)-based IAA biosynthesis pathway in M. oryzae, consisting of the tryptophan aminotransferase (MoTam1) and the indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase (MoIpd1). In comparison to the wild type, IAA production was significantly reduced in the motam1Δ mutant, and further reduced in the moipd1Δ mutant. Correspondingly, mycelial growth, conidiation, and pathogenicity were defective in the motam1Δ and the moipd1Δ mutants to various degrees. Targeted metabolomics analysis further confirmed the presence of a functional IPA pathway, catalyzed by MoIpd1, which contributes to IAA/auxin production in M. oryzae. Furthermore, the well-established IAA biosynthesis inhibitor, yucasin, suppressed mycelial growth, conidiation, and pathogenicity in M. oryzae. Overall, this study identified an IPA-dependent IAA synthesis pathway crucial for M. oryzae mycelial growth and pathogenic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (L.D.); (Y.M.); (L.S.); (W.S.); (G.C.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuming Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (L.D.); (Y.M.); (L.S.); (W.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Cheng-Yen Chen
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore; (C.-Y.C.); (N.I.N.)
| | - Lizheng Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (L.D.); (Y.M.); (L.S.); (W.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Wenda Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (L.D.); (Y.M.); (L.S.); (W.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Guobing Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (L.D.); (Y.M.); (L.S.); (W.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Naweed I. Naqvi
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore; (C.-Y.C.); (N.I.N.)
| | - Yi Zhen Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (L.D.); (Y.M.); (L.S.); (W.S.); (G.C.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence:
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Hsiung RT, Chiu MC, Chou JY. Exogenous Indole-3-Acetic Acid Induced Ethanol Tolerance in Phylogenetically Diverse Saccharomycetales Yeasts. Microbes Environ 2022; 37. [PMID: 35082178 PMCID: PMC8958292 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me21053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is an exogenous growth regulatory signal that is produced by plants and various microorganisms. Microorganisms have been suggested to cross-communicate with each other through IAA-mediated signaling mechanisms. The IAA-induced tolerance response has been reported in several microorganisms, but has not yet been described in Saccharomycetales yeasts. In the present study, three common stressors (heat, osmotic pressure, and ethanol) were examined in relation to the influence of a pretreatment with IAA on stress tolerance in 12 different lineages of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The pretreatment with IAA had a significant effect on the induction of ethanol tolerance by reducing the doubling time of S. cerevisiae growth without the pretreatment. However, the pretreatment did not significantly affect the induction of thermo- or osmotolerance. The IAA pretreatment decreased the lethal effects of ethanol on S. cerevisiae cells. Although yeasts produce ethanol to outcompete sympatric microorganisms, IAA is not a byproduct of this process. Nevertheless, the accumulation of IAA indicates an increasing number of microorganisms, and, thus, greater competition for resources. Since the “wine trait” is shared by both phylogenetically related and distinct lineages in Saccharomycetales, we conclude that IAA-induced ethanol tolerance is not specific to S. cerevisiae; it may be widely detected in both pre-whole genome duplication (WGD) and post-WGD yeasts belonging to several genera of Saccharomycetales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Ting Hsiung
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education
| | - Ming-Chung Chiu
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education
| | - Jui-Yu Chou
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education
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Zhao H, Wang Y, Zhao S, Fu Y, Zhu L. HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 24 mediates the conversion of indole-3-butyric acid to indole-3-acetic acid to promote root hair elongation. New Phytol 2021; 232:2057-2070. [PMID: 34480752 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is a predominant form of active auxin in plants. In addition to de novo biosynthesis and release from its conjugate forms, IAA can be converted from its precursor indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The IBA-derived IAA may help drive root hair elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, but how the IBA-to-IAA conversion is regulated and affects IAA function requires further investigation. In this study, HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 24 (HB24), a transcription factor in the zinc finger-homeodomain family (ZF-HD family) of proteins, was identified. With loss of HB24 function, defective growth occurred in root hairs. INDOLE-3-BUTYRIC ACID RESPONSE 1 (IBR1), which encodes an enzyme involved in the IBA-to-IAA conversion, was identified as a direct target of HB24 for the control of root hair elongation. The exogenous IAA or auxin analogue 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) both rescued the root hair growth phenotype of hb24 mutants, but IBA did not, suggesting a role for HB24 in the IBA-to-IAA conversion. Therefore, HB24 participates in root hair elongation by upregulating the expression of IBR1 and subsequently promoting the IBA-to-IAA conversion. Moreover, IAA also elevated the expression of HB24, suggesting a feedback loop is involved in IBA-to-IAA conversion-mediated root hair elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yutao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Lei L, Zhao Y, Shi K, Liu Y, Hu Y, Shao H. Phytotoxic Activity of Alkaloids in the Desert Plant Sophora alopecuroides. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13100706. [PMID: 34678999 PMCID: PMC8540331 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13100706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sophora alopecuroides is known to produce relatively large amounts of alkaloids; however, their ecological consequences remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the allelopathic potential of the main alkaloids, including aloperine, matrine, oxymatrine, oxysophocarpine, sophocarpine, sophoridine, as well as their mixture both in distilled H2O and in the soil matrix. Our results revealed that all the alkaloids possessed inhibitory activity on four receiver species, i.e., Amaranthus retroflexus, Medicago sativa, Lolium perenne and Setaria viridis. The strength of the phytotoxicity of the alkaloids was in the following order: sophocarpine > aloperine > mixture > sophoridine > matrine > oxysophocarpine > oxymatrine (in Petri dish assays), and matrine > mixture > sophocarpine > oxymatrine > oxysophocarpine > sophoridine > aloperine (in pot experiments). In addition, the mixture of the alkaloids was found to significantly increase the IAA content, MDA content and POD activity of M. sativa seedlings, whereas CTK content, ABA content, SOD activity and CAT activity of M. sativa seedlings decreased markedly. Our results suggest S. alopecuroides might produce allelopathic alkaloids to improve its competitiveness and thus facilitate the establishment of its dominance; the potential value of these alkaloids as environmentally friendly herbicides is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Lei
- Chemistry and Environment Science School, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China;
| | - Yu Zhao
- Bioscience and Geosciences School, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Historical Geography and Tourism School, Shangrao Normal University, Jiangxi 334001, China
| | - Kai Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Bioscience and Geosciences School, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Chemistry and Environment Science School, Shangrao Normal University, Jiangxi 334001, China
| | - Yunxia Hu
- Chemistry and Environment Science School, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.H.); (H.S.); Tel.: +86-991-7823-155 (H.S.)
| | - Hua Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (Y.H.); (H.S.); Tel.: +86-991-7823-155 (H.S.)
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9
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Mateo-Bonmatí E, Casanova-Sáez R, Šimura J, Ljung K. Broadening the roles of UDP-glycosyltransferases in auxin homeostasis and plant development. New Phytol 2021; 232:642-654. [PMID: 34289137 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The levels of the important plant growth regulator indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) are tightly controlled within plant tissues to spatiotemporally orchestrate concentration gradients that drive plant growth and development. Metabolic inactivation of bioactive IAA is known to participate in the modulation of IAA maxima and minima. IAA can be irreversibly inactivated by oxidation and conjugation to aspartate and glutamate. Usually overlooked because of its reversible nature, the most abundant inactive IAA form is the IAA-glucose (IAA-glc) conjugate. Glycosylation of IAA in Arabidopsis thaliana is reported to be carried out by UDP-glycosyltransferase 84B1 (UGT84B1), while UGT74D1 has been implicated in the glycosylation of the irreversibly formed IAA catabolite oxIAA. Here we demonstrated that both UGT84B1 and UGT74D1 modulate IAA levels throughout plant development by dual IAA and oxIAA glycosylation. Moreover, we identified a novel UGT subfamily whose members redundantly mediate the glycosylation of oxIAA and modulate skotomorphogenic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Mateo-Bonmatí
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-901 83, Sweden
| | - Rubén Casanova-Sáez
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-901 83, Sweden
| | - Jan Šimura
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-901 83, Sweden
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-901 83, Sweden
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10
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Bianco C, Andreozzi A, Romano S, Fagorzi C, Cangioli L, Prieto P, Cisse F, Niangado O, Sidibé A, Pianezze S, Perini M, Mengoni A, Defez R. Endophytes from African Rice ( Oryza glaberrima L.) Efficiently Colonize Asian Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) Stimulating the Activity of Its Antioxidant Enzymes and Increasing the Content of Nitrogen, Carbon, and Chlorophyll. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081714. [PMID: 34442793 PMCID: PMC8398951 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial endophytes support the adaptation of host plants to harsh environments. In this study, culturable bacterial endophytes were isolated from the African rice Oryza glaberrima L., which is well-adapted to grow with poor external inputs in the tropical region of Mali. Among these, six N-fixer strains were used to inoculate O. glaberrima RAM133 and the Asian rice O. sativa L. cv. Baldo, selected for growth in temperate climates. The colonization efficiency and the N-fixing activity were evaluated and compared for the two rice varieties. Oryza sativa-inoculated plants showed a fairly good colonization efficiency and nitrogenase activity. The inoculation of Oryza sativa with the strains Klebsiella pasteurii BDA134-6 and Phytobacter diazotrophicus BDA59-3 led to the highest nitrogenase activity. In addition, the inoculation of ‘Baldo’ plants with the strain P. diazotrophicus BDA59-3 led to a significant increase in nitrogen, carbon and chlorophyll content. Finally, ‘Baldo’ plants inoculated with Kl. pasteurii BDA134-6 showed the induction of antioxidant enzymes activity and the maintenance of nitrogen-fixation under salt stress as compared to the unstressed controls. As these endophytes efficiently colonize high-yielding crop varieties grown in cold temperate climates, they become good candidates to promote their growth under unfavorable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Bianco
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.A.); (S.R.); (R.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-613-2610
| | - Anna Andreozzi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.A.); (S.R.); (R.D.)
| | - Silvia Romano
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.A.); (S.R.); (R.D.)
| | - Camilla Fagorzi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (C.F.); (L.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Lisa Cangioli
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (C.F.); (L.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Pilar Prieto
- Departamento de Mejora Genética, Campus ‘Alamedadel Obispo’, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avd. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Fousseyni Cisse
- Institut d’Economie Rurale, Rue Mohamed V Bamako, Bamako B.P. 258, Mali; (F.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Oumar Niangado
- Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable Agriculture, Bamako B.P.E. 1449, Mali;
| | - Amadou Sidibé
- Institut d’Economie Rurale, Rue Mohamed V Bamako, Bamako B.P. 258, Mali; (F.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Silvia Pianezze
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38098 San Michele All’Adige, Italy; (S.P.); (M.P.)
- Environmental and Animal Sciences DI4A, Università degli Studi di Udine, Via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Matteo Perini
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38098 San Michele All’Adige, Italy; (S.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Alessio Mengoni
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (C.F.); (L.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Roberto Defez
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.A.); (S.R.); (R.D.)
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11
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Shah A, Mathur Y, Hazra A. Double agent indole-3-acetic acid (IAA): Mechanistic analysis of indole-3-acetaldehyde dehydrogenase AldA that synthesizes IAA, an auxin that aids bacterial virulence. Biosci Rep 2021:BSR20210598. [PMID: 34369556 DOI: 10.1042/BSR20210598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The large diversity of organisms inhabiting various environmental niches on our planet are engaged in a lively exchange of biomolecules, including nutrients, hormones, and vitamins. In a quest to survive, organisms that we define as pathogens employ innovative methods to extract valuable resources from their host leading to an infection. One such instance is where plant-associated bacterial pathogens synthesize and deploy hormones or their molecular mimics to manipulate the physiology of the host plant. This commentary describes one such specific example—the mechanism of the enzyme AldA, an aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) from the bacterial plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae which produces the plant auxin hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) by oxidizing the substrate indole-3-acetaldehyde (IAAld) using the cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) (Bioscience Reports (2020) 40(12), https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20202959). Using mutagenesis, enzyme kinetics, and structural analysis, Zhang et al. established that the progress of the reaction hinges on the formation of two distinct conformations of NAD(H) during the reaction course. Additionally, a key mutation in the AldA active site ‘aromatic box’ changes the enzyme’s preference for an aromatic substrate to an aliphatic one. Our commentary concludes that such molecular level investigations help to establish the nature of the dynamics of NAD(H) in ALDH-catalyzed reactions, and further show that the key active site residues control substrate specificity. We also contemplate that insights from the present study can be used to engineer novel ALDH enzymes for environmental, health, and industrial applications.
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Perez VC, Dai R, Bai B, Tomiczek B, Askey BC, Zhang Y, Rubin GM, Ding Y, Grenning A, Block AK, Kim J. Aldoximes are precursors of auxins in Arabidopsis and maize. New Phytol 2021; 231:1449-1461. [PMID: 33959967 PMCID: PMC8282758 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Two natural auxins, phenylacetic acid (PAA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), play crucial roles in plant growth and development. One route of IAA biosynthesis uses the glucosinolate intermediate indole-3-acetaldoxime (IAOx) as a precursor, which is thought to occur only in glucosinolate-producing plants in Brassicales. A recent study showed that overproducing phenylacetaldoxime (PAOx) in Arabidopsis increases PAA production. However, it remains unknown whether this increased PAA resulted from hydrolysis of PAOx-derived benzyl glucosinolate or, like IAOx-derived IAA, is directly converted from PAOx. If glucosinolate hydrolysis is not required, aldoxime-derived auxin biosynthesis may occur beyond Brassicales. To better understand aldoxime-derived auxin biosynthesis, we conducted an isotope-labelled aldoxime feeding assay using an Arabidopsis glucosinolate-deficient mutant sur1 and maize, and transcriptomics analysis. Our study demonstrated that the conversion of PAOx to PAA does not require glucosinolates in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, maize produces PAA and IAA from PAOx and IAOx, respectively, indicating that aldoxime-derived auxin biosynthesis also occurs in maize. Considering that aldoxime production occurs widely in the plant kingdom, aldoxime-derived auxin biosynthesis is likely to be more widespread than originally believed. A genome-wide transcriptomics study using PAOx-overproduction plants identified complex metabolic networks among IAA, PAA, phenylpropanoid and tryptophan metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica C. Perez
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - Ru Dai
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - Bing Bai
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - Breanna Tomiczek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - Bryce C. Askey
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610
| | - Garret M. Rubin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610
| | - Yousong Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610
| | | | - Anna K. Block
- Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Gainesville, FL, 32608
| | - Jeongim Kim
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Abstract
In this review, I discuss the possibility that dying cells produce much of the auxin in vascular plants. The natural auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), is derived from tryptophan by a two-step pathway via indole pyruvic acid. The first enzymes in the pathway, tryptophan aminotransferases, have a low affinity for tryptophan and break it down only when tryptophan levels rise far above normal intracellular concentrations. Such increases occur when tryptophan is released from proteins by hydrolytic enzymes as cells autolyse and die. Many sites of auxin production are in and around dying cells: in differentiating tracheary elements; in root cap cells; in nutritive tissues that break down in developing flowers and seeds; in senescent leaves; and in wounds. Living cells also produce auxin, such as those transformed genetically by the crown gall pathogen. IAA may first have served as an exogenous indicator of the presence of nutrient-rich decomposing organic matter, stimulating the production of rhizoids in bryophytes. As cell death was internalized in bryophytes and in vascular plants, IAA may have taken on a new role as an endogenous hormone.
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14
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Fu W, Pan Y, Shi Y, Chen J, Gong D, Li Y, Hao G, Han D. Root Morphogenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana Tuned by Plant Growth-Promoting Streptomyces Isolated From Root-Associated Soil of Artemisia annua. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:802737. [PMID: 35082816 PMCID: PMC8786036 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.802737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the capacity to tune root morphogenesis by a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium, Streptomyces lincolnensis L4, was investigated from various aspects including microbial physiology, root development, and root endophytic microbial community. Strain L4 was isolated from the root-associated soil of 7-year plantation of Artemisia annua. Aiming at revealing the promotion mechanism of Streptomyces on root growth and development, this study first evaluated the growth promotion characters of S. lincolnensis L4, followed by investigation in the effect of L4 inoculation on root morphology, endophytic microbiota of root system, and expression of genes involved in root development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Streptomyces lincolnensis L4 is able to hydrolyze organic and inorganic phosphorus, fix nitrogen, and produce IAA, ACC deaminase, and siderophore, which shaped specific structure of endophytic bacterial community with dominant Streptomyces in roots and promoted the development of roots. From the observation of root development characteristics, root length, root diameter, and the number of root hairs were increased by inoculation of strain L4, which were verified by the differential expression of root development-related genes in A. thaliana. Genomic traits of S. lincolnensis L4 which further revealed its capacity for plant growth promotion in which genes involved in phosphorus solubilization, ACC deamination, iron transportation, and IAA production were identified. This root growth-promoting strain has the potential to develop green method for regulating plant development. These findings provide us ecological knowledge of microenvironment around root system and a new approach for regulating root development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Fu
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanshuo Pan
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | - Yuhua Shi
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Material Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jieyin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daozhi Gong
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhong Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangfei Hao
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
- *Correspondence: Guangfei Hao,
| | - Dongfei Han
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Dongfei Han,
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15
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Brunoni F, Collani S, Casanova-Sáez R, Šimura J, Karady M, Schmid M, Ljung K, Bellini C. Conifers exhibit a characteristic inactivation of auxin to maintain tissue homeostasis. New Phytol 2020; 226:1753-1765. [PMID: 32004385 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic regulation of the concentration of the natural auxin (IAA) is essential to coordinate most of the physiological and developmental processes and responses to environmental changes. Oxidation of IAA is a major pathway to control auxin concentrations in angiosperms and, along with IAA conjugation, to respond to perturbation of IAA homeostasis. However, these regulatory mechanisms remain poorly investigated in conifers. To reduce this knowledge gap, we investigated the different contributions of the IAA inactivation pathways in conifers. MS-based quantification of IAA metabolites under steady-state conditions and after perturbation was investigated to evaluate IAA homeostasis in conifers. Putative Picea abies GH3 genes (PaGH3) were identified based on a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis including angiosperms and basal land plants. Auxin-inducible PaGH3 genes were identified by expression analysis and their IAA-conjugating activity was explored. Compared to Arabidopsis, oxidative and conjugative pathways differentially contribute to reduce IAA concentrations in conifers. We demonstrated that the oxidation pathway plays a marginal role in controlling IAA homeostasis in spruce. By contrast, an excess of IAA rapidly activates GH3-mediated irreversible conjugation pathways. Taken together, these data indicate that a diversification of IAA inactivation mechanisms evolved specifically in conifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Brunoni
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University (Umu), 90736, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Silvio Collani
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University (Umu), 90736, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rubén Casanova-Sáez
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan Šimura
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Michal Karady
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden
- Departmebt of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Markus Schmid
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University (Umu), 90736, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Catherine Bellini
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University (Umu), 90736, Umeå, Sweden
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
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Tegli S, Bini L, Calamai S, Cerboneschi M, Biancalani C. A MATE Transporter is Involved in Pathogenicity and IAA Homeostasis in the Hyperplastic Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. nerii. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E156. [PMID: 31979049 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last years, many evidences have been accumulating about the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) as a multifaceted compound in the microbial world, with IAA playing a role as a bacterial intra and intercellular signaling molecule or as an effector during pathogenic or beneficial plant–bacteria interactions. However, pretty much nothing is known on the mechanisms that bacteria use to modulate IAA homeostasis, in particular on IAA active transport systems. Here, by an approach combining in silico three-dimensional (3D) structural modeling and docking, mutagenesis, quantitative gene expression analysis, and HPLC FLD auxin quantitative detection, for the first time a bacterial multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporter was demonstrated to be involved in the efflux of IAA, as well as of its conjugate IAA–Lysine, in the plant pathogenic hyperplastic bacterium Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. nerii strain Psn23. Furthermore, according to the role proved to be played by Psn23 MatE in the development of plant disease, and to the presence of Psn23 MatE homologs in all the genomospecies of the P. syringae complex, this membrane transporter could likely represent a promising target for the design of novel and selective anti-infective molecules for plant disease control.
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kubeš
- School of Live Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacky University, Slechtitelu, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- University Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Rokitanskeho, CZ-50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Napier
- School of Live Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Correspondence: or
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18
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Lasudee K, Tokuyama S, Lumyong S, Pathom-Aree W. Actinobacteria Associated With Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Funneliformis mosseae Spores, Taxonomic Characterization and Their Beneficial Traits to Plants: Evidence Obtained From Mung Bean ( Vigna radiata) and Thai Jasmine Rice ( Oryza sativa). Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1247. [PMID: 29942292 PMCID: PMC6004784 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report on the isolation of actinobacteria obtained from spores of Funneliformis mosseae and provide evidence for their potential in agricultural uses as plant growth promoters in vitro and in vivo. Actinobacteria were isolated from spores of F. mosseae using the dilution plate technique and media designed for the selective isolation of members of specific actinobacterial taxa. Six strains namely 48, S1, S3, S4, S4-1 and SP, were isolated and identified based on16S rRNA gene sequences. Phylogenetic analysis showed that isolate SP belonged to the genus Pseudonocardia with P. nantongensis KLBMP 1282T as its closest neighbor. The remaining isolates belonged to the genus Streptomyces. Two isolates, 48 and S3 were most closely related to S. thermocarboxydus DSM 44293T. Isolates S4 and S4-1 shared the highest 16S RNA gene similarity with S. pilosus NBRC 127772T. Isolate S1 showed its closest relationship with the type strain of S. spinoverrucosus NBRC14228T. The ability of these isolates to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophores and the ability to solubilize phosphate in vitro were examined. All isolates produced siderophores, four isolates produced IAA and two isolates solubilized inorganic phosphate at varying levels. S. thermocarboxydus isolate S3 showed the highest IAA production with high activities of phosphate solubilization and siderophore production. The inoculation of mung beans (Vigna radiata) with this strain resulted in a significant increase in fresh weight, root length and total length as an effect of IAA production. In an experiment with rice (Oryza sativa), S. thermocarboxydus isolate S3 promoted the growth of rice plants grown in low nutritional soil under induced drought stress. This report supports the view that the inoculation of rice with plant growth promoting actinobacteria mitigates some adverse effects of low nutrient and drought stress on rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisana Lasudee
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Shinji Tokuyama
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wasu Pathom-Aree
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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19
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Cheng L, Jiang R, Yang J, Xu X, Zeng H, Li S. Transcriptome profiling reveals an IAA-regulated response to adventitious root formation in lotus seedling. Z NATURFORSCH C 2018; 73:229-240. [PMID: 29432208 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2017-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Adventitious roots (ARs) of lotus (Nelumbonucifera Gaertn.) play a critical role in water and nutrient uptake. We found that exogenously applied 10-μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) promoted the formation of ARs, while 150-μM IAA significantly inhibited the emergence of ARs. However, little is known about these different responses to various concentrations of IAA at the molecular level. This study, therefore, examined the gene expression profiling in four libraries treated with 10- and 150-μM IAA based on the high-throughout tag sequencing technique. Approximately 2.4×107 clean tags were obtained after the removal of low-quality tags from each library respectively, among which about 10% clean tags were unambiguous tag-mapped genes to the reference genes. We found that some genes involved in auxin metabolism showed a similar tendency for expression in the A/CK and C/CK libraries, while three genes were enhanced their expression only in the A/CK libraries. Two transcription factors including B3 domain-containing protein At2g36080-like and trihelix transcription factor were up-regulated for transcriptional level in the A/C libraries. The expressions of six important genes related to AR formation were significantly different in the A/CK and C/CK libraries. In summary, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of gene expression regulated by IAA involved in AR formation in lotus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libao Cheng
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Runzhi Jiang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Xu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Zeng
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, P.R. China
| | - Shuyan Li
- College of Guangling, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Adam A, Deimel S, Pardo-Medina J, García-Martínez J, Konte T, Limón MC, Avalos J, Terpitz U. Protein Activity of the Fusarium fujikuroi Rhodopsins CarO and OpsA and Their Relation to Fungus-Plant Interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010215. [PMID: 29324661 PMCID: PMC5796164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi possess diverse photosensory proteins that allow them to perceive different light wavelengths and to adapt to changing light conditions in their environment. The biological and physiological roles of the green light-sensing rhodopsins in fungi are not yet resolved. The rice plant pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi exhibits two different rhodopsins, CarO and OpsA. CarO was previously characterized as a light-driven proton pump. We further analyzed the pumping behavior of CarO by patch-clamp experiments. Our data show that CarO pumping activity is strongly augmented in the presence of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid and in sodium acetate, in a dose-dependent manner under slightly acidic conditions. By contrast, under these and other tested conditions, the Neurospora rhodopsin (NR)-like rhodopsin OpsA did not exhibit any pump activity. Basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) searches in the genomes of ascomycetes revealed the occurrence of rhodopsin-encoding genes mainly in phyto-associated or phytopathogenic fungi, suggesting a possible correlation of the presence of rhodopsins with fungal ecology. In accordance, rice plants infected with a CarO-deficient F. fujikuroi strain showed more severe bakanae symptoms than the reference strain, indicating a potential role of the CarO rhodopsin in the regulation of plant infection by this fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Adam
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany; (A.A.); (S.D.)
| | - Stephan Deimel
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany; (A.A.); (S.D.)
| | - Javier Pardo-Medina
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, E-41012 Seville, Spain; (J.P.-M.); (J.G.-M.); (M.C.L.); (J.A.)
| | - Jorge García-Martínez
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, E-41012 Seville, Spain; (J.P.-M.); (J.G.-M.); (M.C.L.); (J.A.)
| | - Tilen Konte
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Sl-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - M. Carmen Limón
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, E-41012 Seville, Spain; (J.P.-M.); (J.G.-M.); (M.C.L.); (J.A.)
| | - Javier Avalos
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, E-41012 Seville, Spain; (J.P.-M.); (J.G.-M.); (M.C.L.); (J.A.)
| | - Ulrich Terpitz
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany; (A.A.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-931-31-84226
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolf Weijers
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Biochemistry, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Zhenbiao Yang
- Institute of Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, USA
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China
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Damodaran S, Westfall CS, Kisely BA, Jez JM, Subramanian S. Nodule-Enriched GRETCHEN HAGEN 3 Enzymes Have Distinct Substrate Specificities and Are Important for Proper Soybean Nodule Development. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2547. [PMID: 29182530 PMCID: PMC5751150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Legume root nodules develop as a result of a symbiotic relationship between the plant and nitrogen-fixing rhizobia bacteria in soil. Auxin activity is detected in different cell types at different stages of nodule development; as well as an enhanced sensitivity to auxin inhibits, which could affect nodule development. While some transport and signaling mechanisms that achieve precise spatiotemporal auxin output are known, the role of auxin metabolism during nodule development is unclear. Using a soybean root lateral organ transcriptome data set, we identified distinct nodule enrichment of three genes encoding auxin-deactivating GRETCHEN HAGEN 3 (GH3) indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) amido transferase enzymes: GmGH3-11/12, GmGH3-14 and GmGH3-15. In vitro enzymatic assays showed that each of these GH3 proteins preferred IAA and aspartate as acyl and amino acid substrates, respectively. GmGH3-15 showed a broad substrate preference, especially with different forms of auxin. Promoter:GUS expression analysis indicated that GmGH3-14 acts primarily in the root epidermis and the nodule primordium where as GmGH3-15 might act in the vasculature. Silencing the expression of these GH3 genes in soybean composite plants led to altered nodule numbers, maturity, and size. Our results indicate that these GH3s are needed for proper nodule maturation in soybean, but the precise mechanism by which they regulate nodule development remains to be explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Damodaran
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Corey S Westfall
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Brian A Kisely
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Joseph M Jez
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Senthil Subramanian
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
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Poulet A, Kriechbaumer V. Bioinformatics Analysis of Phylogeny and Transcription of TAA/YUC Auxin Biosynthetic Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1791. [PMID: 28820425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin is a main plant growth hormone crucial in a multitude of developmental processes in plants. Auxin biosynthesis via the tryptophan aminotransferase of arabidopsis (TAA)/YUCCA (YUC) route involving tryptophan aminotransferases and YUC flavin-dependent monooxygenases that produce the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) from tryptophan is currently the most researched auxin biosynthetic pathway. Previous data showed that, in maize and arabidopsis, TAA/YUC-dependent auxin biosynthesis can be detected in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) microsomal fractions, and a subset of auxin biosynthetic proteins are localized to the ER, mainly due to transmembrane domains (TMD). The phylogeny presented here for TAA/TAR (tryptophan aminotransferase related) and YUC proteins analyses phylogenetic groups as well as transmembrane domains for ER-membrane localisation. In addition, RNAseq datasets are analysed for transcript abundance of YUC and TAA/TAR proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that ER membrane localisation for TAA/YUC proteins involved in auxin biosynthesis is already present early on in the evolution of mosses and club mosses. ER membrane anchored YUC proteins can mainly be found in roots, while cytosolic proteins are more abundant in the shoot. The distribution between the different phylogenetic classes in root and shoot may well originate from gene duplications, and the phylogenetic groups detected also overlap with the biological function.
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He S, Hu Y, Wang H, Wang H, Li Q. Effects of indole-3-acetic acid on arsenic uptake and antioxidative enzymes in Pteris cretica var. nervosa and Pteris ensiformis. Int J Phytoremediation 2017; 19:231-238. [PMID: 27419850 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2016.1207609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on arsenic (As) uptake and antioxidative enzymes in fronds of Pteris cretica var. nervosa (As hyperaccumulator) and Pteris ensiformis (non-hyperaccumulator). Plants were exposed to 2 mg L-1 As(III), As(V) or dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) and IAA concentrations for 14 d. The biomass and total As in the plants significantly increased at 30 mg L-1 IAA. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities significantly increased with IAA addition. Catalase (CAT) activities showed a significant increase in P. ensiformis exposed to three As species at 30 or 50 mg L-1 IAA but varied in P. cretica var. nervosa. Peroxidase (POD) activities were unchanged in P. ensiformis except for a significant decrease at 50 mg L-1 IAA under As(III) treatment. However, a significant increase was observed in P. cretica var. nervosa at 10 mg L-1 IAA under As(III) or DMA treatment and at 50 mg L-1 IAA under As(V) treatment. Under DMA stress, malondialdehyde contents in fronds of P. cretica var. nervosa showed a significant decrease at 10 mg L-1 IAA but remained unchanged in P. ensiformis. Therefore, IAA enhanced As uptake and frond POD activity in P. cretica var. nervosa under As stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan He
- a Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , China
| | - Yongjun Hu
- a Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- a Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , China
| | - Haijuan Wang
- a Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , China
| | - Qinchun Li
- a Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , China
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Chen XJ, Xia XJ, Guo X, Zhou YH, Shi K, Zhou J, Yu JQ. Apoplastic H2 O2 plays a critical role in axillary bud outgrowth by altering auxin and cytokinin homeostasis in tomato plants. New Phytol 2016; 211:1266-78. [PMID: 27240824 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Although phytohormones such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), cytokinin (CK) and strigolactone are important modulators of plant architecture, it remains unclear whether reactive oxygen species are involved in the regulation of phytohormone-dependent axillary bud outgrowth in plants. We used diverse techniques, including transcriptional suppression, HPLC-MS, biochemical methodologies and gene transcript analysis to investigate the signaling pathway for apoplastic hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )-induced axillary bud outgrowth. Silencing of tomato RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG 1 (RBOH1) and WHITEFLY INDUCED 1 (WFI1), two important genes involved in H2 O2 production in the apoplast, enhanced bud outgrowth, decreased transcript of FZY - a rate-limiting gene in IAA biosynthesis and IAA accumulation in the apex - and increased the transcript of IPT2 involved in CK biosynthesis and CK accumulation in the stem node. These effects were fully abolished by the application of exogenous H2 O2 . Both decapitation and the silencing of FZY promoted bud outgrowth, and downregulated and upregulated the transcripts for IAA3 and IAA15, and IPT2, respectively. However, these effects were not blocked by treatment with exogenous H2 O2 but by napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) treatment. These results suggest that RBOHs-dependent apoplastic H2 O2 promotes IAA biosynthesis in the apex, which, in turn, inhibits CK biosynthesis and subsequent bud outgrowth in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Juan Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xie Guo
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yan-Hong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jing-Quan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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26
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Labeeuw L, Khey J, Bramucci AR, Atwal H, de la Mata AP, Harynuk J, Case RJ. Indole-3-Acetic Acid Is Produced by Emiliania huxleyi Coccolith-Bearing Cells and Triggers a Physiological Response in Bald Cells. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:828. [PMID: 27375567 PMCID: PMC4896954 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is an auxin produced by terrestrial plants which influences development through a variety of cellular mechanisms, such as altering cell orientation, organ development, fertility, and cell elongation. IAA is also produced by bacterial pathogens and symbionts of plants and algae, allowing them to manipulate growth and development of their host. They do so by either producing excess exogenous IAA or hijacking the IAA biosynthesis pathway of their host. The endogenous production of IAA by algae remains contentious. Using Emiliania huxleyi, a globally abundant marine haptophyte, we investigated the presence and potential role of IAA in algae. Homologs of genes involved in several tryptophan-dependent IAA biosynthesis pathways were identified in E. huxleyi. This suggests that this haptophyte can synthesize IAA using various precursors derived from tryptophan. Addition of L-tryptophan to E. huxleyi stimulated IAA production, which could be detected using Salkowski's reagent and GC × GC-TOFMS in the C cell type (coccolith bearing), but not in the N cell type (bald). Various concentrations of IAA were exogenously added to these two cell types to identify a physiological response in E. huxleyi. The N cell type, which did not produce IAA, was more sensitive to it, showing an increased variation in cell size, membrane permeability, and a corresponding increase in the photosynthetic potential quantum yield of Photosystem II (PSII). A roseobacter (bacteria commonly associated with E. huxleyi) Ruegeria sp. R11, previously shown to produce IAA, was co-cultured with E. huxleyi C and N cells. IAA could not be detected from these co-cultures, and even when stimulated by addition of L-tryptophan, they produced less IAA than axenic C type culture similarly induced. This suggests that IAA plays a novel role signaling between different E. huxleyi cell types, rather than between a bacteria and its algal host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen Labeeuw
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Joleen Khey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Anna R Bramucci
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Harjot Atwal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - James Harynuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rebecca J Case
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
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27
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Augimeri RV, Strap JL. The Phytohormone Ethylene Enhances Cellulose Production, Regulates CRP/FNRKx Transcription and Causes Differential Gene Expression within the Bacterial Cellulose Synthesis Operon of Komagataeibacter (Gluconacetobacter) xylinus ATCC 53582. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1459. [PMID: 26733991 PMCID: PMC4686702 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Komagataeibacter (formerly Gluconacetobacter) xylinus ATCC 53582 is a plant-associated model organism for bacterial cellulose (BC) biosynthesis. This bacterium inhabits the carposphere where it interacts with fruit through the bi-directional transfer of phytohormones. The majority of research regarding K. xylinus has been focused on identifying and characterizing structural and regulatory factors that control BC biosynthesis, but its ecophysiology has been generally overlooked. Ethylene is a phytohormone that regulates plant development in a variety of ways, but is most commonly known for its positive role on fruit ripening. In this study, we utilized ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) to produce in situ ethylene to investigate the effects of this phytohormone on BC production and the expression of genes known to be involved in K. xylinus BC biosynthesis (bcsA, bcsB, bcsC, bcsD, cmcAx, ccpAx and bglAx). Using pellicle assays and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), we demonstrate that ethephon-derived ethylene enhances BC directly in K. xylinus by up-regulating the expression of bcsA and bcsB, and indirectly though the up-regulation of cmcAx, ccpAx, and bglAx. We confirm that IAA directly decreases BC biosynthesis by showing that IAA down-regulates bcsA expression. Similarly, we confirm that ABA indirectly influences BC biosynthesis by showing it does not affect the expression of bcs operon genes. In addition, we are the first to report the ethylene and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) induced differential expression of genes within the bacterial cellulose synthesis (bcs) operon. Using bioinformatics we have identified a novel phytohormone-regulated CRP/FNRKx transcription factor and provide evidence that it influences BC biosynthesis in K. xylinus. Lastly, utilizing current and previous data, we propose a model for the phytohormone-mediated fruit-bacteria interactions that K. xylinus experiences in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janice L. Strap
- Molecular Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, OshawaON, Canada
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Fu SF, Wei JY, Chen HW, Liu YY, Lu HY, Chou JY. Indole-3-acetic acid: A widespread physiological code in interactions of fungi with other organisms. Plant Signal Behav 2015; 10:e1048052. [PMID: 26179718 PMCID: PMC4623019 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1048052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants as well as microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). IAA is the most common plant hormone of the auxin class and it regulates various aspects of plant growth and development. Thus, research is underway globally to exploit the potential for developing IAA-producing fungi for promoting plant growth and protection for sustainable agriculture. Phylogenetic evidence suggests that IAA biosynthesis evolved independently in bacteria, microalgae, fungi, and plants. Present studies show that IAA regulates the physiological response and gene expression in these microorganisms. The convergent evolution of IAA production leads to the hypothesis that natural selection might have favored IAA as a widespread physiological code in these microorganisms and their interactions. We summarize recent studies of IAA biosynthetic pathways and discuss the role of IAA in fungal ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Feng Fu
- Department of Biology; National Changhua University of Education; Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jyuan-Yu Wei
- Department of Biology; National Changhua University of Education; Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hung-Wei Chen
- Department of Biology; National Changhua University of Education; Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yen-Yu Liu
- Department of Biology; National Changhua University of Education; Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsueh-Yu Lu
- Department of Biology; National Changhua University of Education; Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jui-Yu Chou
- Department of Biology; National Changhua University of Education; Taiwan, R.O.C
- Correspondence to: Jui-Yu Chou;
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29
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Fierro-Coronado RA, Quiroz-Figueroa FR, García-Pérez LM, Ramírez-Chávez E, Molina-Torres J, Maldonado-Mendoza IE. IAA-producing rhizobacteria from chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) induce changes in root architecture and increase root biomass. Can J Microbiol 2014; 60:639-48. [PMID: 25231840 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2014-0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rhizobacteria promote and have beneficial effects on plant growth, making them useful to agriculture. Nevertheless, the rhizosphere of the chickpea plant has not been extensively examined. The aim of the present study was to select indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) producing rhizobacteria from the rhizosphere of chickpea plants for their potential use as biofertilizers. After obtaining a collection of 864 bacterial isolates, we performed a screen using the Salkowski reaction for the presence of auxin compounds (such as IAA) in bacterial Luria-Bertani supernatant (BLBS). Our results demonstrate that the Salkowski reaction has a greater specificity for detecting IAA than other tested auxins. Ten bacterial isolates displaying a wide range of auxin accumulation were selected, producing IAA levels of 5 to 90 μmol/L (according to the Salkowski reaction). Bacterial isolates were identified on the basis of 16S rDNA partial sequences: 9 isolates belonged to Enterobacter, and 1 isolate was classified as Serratia. The effect of BLBS on root morphology was evaluated in Arabidopsis thaliana. IAA production by rhizobacteria was confirmed by means of a DR5::GFP construct that is responsive to IAA, and also by HPLC-GC/MS. Finally, we observed that IAA secreted by rhizobacteria (i) modified the root architecture of A. thaliana, (ii) caused an increase in chickpea root biomass, and (iii) activated the green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene driven by the DR5 promoter. These findings provide evidence that these novel bacterial isolates may be considered as putative plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria modifying root architecture and increasing root biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Alicia Fierro-Coronado
- a Departamento de Biotecnología Agrícola, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Sinaloa, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Boulevard Juan de Dios Bátiz Paredes No. 250, Col. San Joachin, Guasave, Sinaloa, C.P. 81100, México
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Simon S, Kubeš M, Baster P, Robert S, Dobrev PI, Friml J, Petrášek J, Zažímalová E. Defining the selectivity of processes along the auxin response chain: a study using auxin analogues. New Phytol 2013; 200:1034-48. [PMID: 23914741 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The mode of action of auxin is based on its non-uniform distribution within tissues and organs. Despite the wide use of several auxin analogues in research and agriculture, little is known about the specificity of different auxin-related transport and signalling processes towards these compounds. Using seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana and suspension-cultured cells of Nicotiana tabacum (BY-2), the physiological activity of several auxin analogues was investigated, together with their capacity to induce auxin-dependent gene expression, to inhibit endocytosis and to be transported across the plasma membrane. This study shows that the specificity criteria for different auxin-related processes vary widely. Notably, the special behaviour of some synthetic auxin analogues suggests that they might be useful tools in investigations of the molecular mechanism of auxin action. Thus, due to their differential stimulatory effects on DR5 expression, indole-3-propionic (IPA) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy acetic (2,4,5-T) acids can serve in studies of TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE 1/AUXIN SIGNALLING F-BOX (TIR1/AFB)-mediated auxin signalling, and 5-fluoroindole-3-acetic acid (5-F-IAA) can help to discriminate between transcriptional and non-transcriptional pathways of auxin signalling. The results demonstrate that the major determinants for the auxin-like physiological potential of a particular compound are very complex and involve its chemical and metabolic stability, its ability to distribute in tissues in a polar manner and its activity towards auxin signalling machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibu Simon
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojová 263, 16502, Prague 6, Czech Republic; Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium; Developmental and Cell Physiology of Plants, Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria), 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
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Machado RAR, Ferrieri AP, Robert CAM, Glauser G, Kallenbach M, Baldwin IT, Erb M. Leaf-herbivore attack reduces carbon reserves and regrowth from the roots via jasmonate and auxin signaling. New Phytol 2013; 200:1234-46. [PMID: 23914830 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Herbivore attack leads to resource conflicts between plant defensive strategies. Photoassimilates are required for defensive compounds and carbon storage below ground and may therefore be depleted or enriched in the roots of herbivore-defoliated plants. The potential role of belowground tissues as mediators of induced tolerance-defense trade-offs is unknown. We evaluated signaling and carbohydrate dynamics in the roots of Nicotiana attenuata following Manduca sexta attack. Experimental and natural genetic variability was exploited to link the observed metabolite patterns to plant tolerance and resistance. Leaf-herbivore attack decreased sugar and starch concentrations in the roots and reduced regrowth from the rootstock and flower production in the glasshouse and the field. Leaf-derived jasmonates were identified as major regulators of this root-mediated resource-based trade-off: lower jasmonate levels were associated with decreased defense, increased carbohydrate levels and improved regrowth from the rootstock. Application and transport inhibition experiments, in combination with silencing of the sucrose non-fermenting (SNF) -related kinase GAL83, indicated that auxins may act as additional signals that regulate regrowth patterns. In conclusion, our study shows that the ability to mobilize defenses has a hidden resource-based cost below ground that constrains defoliation tolerance. Jasmonate- and auxin-dependent mechanisms may lead to divergent defensive plant strategies against herbivores in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A R Machado
- Root-Herbivore Interactions Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany; Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
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Abstract
The vein networks of plant leaves are among the most spectacular expressions of biological pattern, and the principles controlling their formation have continually inspired artists and scientists. Control of vein patterning by the polar, cell-to-cell transport of the plant signaling molecule auxin--mediated in Arabidopsis primarily by the plasma-membrane-localized PIN1--has long been known. By contrast, the existence of intracellular auxin transport and its contribution to vein patterning are recent discoveries. The endoplasmic-reticulum-localized PIN5, PIN6, and PIN8 of Arabidopsis define an intracellular auxin-transport pathway whose functions in vein patterning overlap with those of PIN1-mediated intercellular auxin transport. The genetic interaction between the components of the intracellular auxin-transport pathway is far from having been resolved. The study of vein patterning provides experimental access to gain such a resolution-a resolution that in turn holds the promise to improve our understanding of one of the most fascinating examples of biological pattern formation.
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Karabaghli-Degron C, Sotta B, Bonnet M, Gay G, LE Tacon F. The auxin transport inhibitor 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) inhibits the stimulation of in vitro lateral root formation and the colonization of the tap-root cortex of Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings by the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor. New Phytol 1998; 140:723-733. [PMID: 33862952 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.1998.00307.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings were inoculated with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor ((Marie) Orton), strain S238 N, in axenic conditions. The presence of the fungus slowed tap-root elongation by 26% during the first 15 d after inoculation and then stimulated it by 136%. In addition, it multiplied in vitro lateral root formation by 4.3, the epicotyl growth of the seedlings by 8.4 and the number of needles by 2. These effects were maintained when the fungus was separated from the roots by a cellophane membrane preventing symbiosis establishment, thus suggesting that the fungus acted by non-nutritional effects. We tested the hypothesis that IAA produced by L. bicolor S238 N would be responsible for the stimulation of fungal induced rhizogenesis. We showed in previous work that L. bicolor S238 N can synthesize IAA in pure culture. Exogenous IAA supplies (100 and 500 μm) reproduced the stimulating effect of the fungus on root branching but inhibited root elongation. The presence of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) in the culture medium significantly depressed lateral root formation of inoculated seedlings. As TIBA had no significant effect on IAA released in the medium by L. bicolor S238 N, but counteracted the stimulation of lateral rhizogenesis induced by an exogenous supply of IAA, we suggest that TIBA inhibited the transport of fungal IAA in the root. Furthermore TIBA blocked the colonization of the main root cortex by L. bicolor S238 N and the formation of the Hartig net. These results specified the role of fungal IAA in the stimulation of lateral rhizogenesis and in ectomycorrhizal symbiosis establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Karabaghli-Degron
- Equipe de Microbiologie Forestière, INRA, Centre de Recherches Forestières de Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - B Sotta
- Laboratoire de Physiologie du Développement des Plantes (UMR CNRS 7632), Paris VI, 4 place Jussieu, Tour 53, 75005 Paris, France
| | - M Bonnet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie du Développement des Plantes (UMR CNRS 7632), Paris VI, 4 place Jussieu, Tour 53, 75005 Paris, France
| | - G Gay
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie microbienne du sol (UMR CNRS 5557), Boulevard du 11 novembre 1978, 69 622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - F LE Tacon
- Equipe de Microbiologie Forestière, INRA, Centre de Recherches Forestières de Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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