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Phan TN, Nguyen QM, Yang BS. Expression of the Discoidin Domain Receptor Family Depended on Glucose and Their High Expression in Arterial Tissues in the Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:1288-1295. [PMID: 39010214 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b24-00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The active form of discoidin domain receptors (DDRs) is expressed in cell surface and regulated post-translationally by glucose. The DDR2 and DDR1 transfected in HEK293 cells were expressed mainly in their active forms with sizes of 130 and 120 kDa, respectively. DDRs were observed predominantly as 100 kDa proteins in glucose-depleted culture conditions. However, transfection of endothelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) in HEK293 cells resulted in the expression of only one form regardless of glucose concentration. Vascular smooth muscle cells, HT1080s, and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells expressed DDRs in their active forms in high glucose concentrations, which did not occur with EGFR. In diabetic rats, DDRs were expressed at high levels in arterial tissue but EGFR was not highly expressed. Taken together, these results suggest that DDRs expression depends on glucose concentration it may cooperate in the development of atherosclerosis and kidney fibroblasts, promoting nephropathy in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trong-Nhat Phan
- Institute of Applied Science and Technology, School of Technology, Van Lang University
- Faculty of Applied Technology, School of Technology, Van Lang University
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology
| | - Quynh-Mai Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education
| | - Beom-Seok Yang
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology
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Zhu YS, Mo TT, Jiang C, Zhang JN. Osteonectin bidirectionally regulates osteoblast mineralization. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:761. [PMID: 37807073 PMCID: PMC10561403 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04250-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether Osteonectin/Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (ON/SPARC) had a two-way dose-dependent regulatory effect on osteoblast mineralization and its molecular mechanism. METHODS Initially, different concentrations of ON were added in osteoblasts, and the gene of bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were detected using reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Secondly, based on the above results, the Optima and inhibitory concentration of ON for osteoblast mineralization were determined and regrouped, the Control group was also set up, and the gene detections of Collagen 1 (Col 1), Discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) and p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase were added using RT-PCR. In the third stage of the experiment, osteoblasts were pretreated with 0.4Mm ethyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (DHB) (a specific inhibitor of collagen synthesis) for 3 h before adding the optima SPARC, the gene and protein expressions of OCN, OPN, BSP, ALP, DDR2, ALP, Col 1, DDR2 and P38 were detected by RT‑qPCR and western blot analysis, and the mineralized nodules were observed by alizarin red staining. RESULTS The results showed that the expression of OCN, OPN, BSP, ALP, DDR2, ALP, Col 1, DDR2 and P38 genes and proteins in osteoblasts were significantly enhanced by 1 ug/ml ON, 100 ug/ml ON or 1 ug/ml ON added with 3,4 DHB significantly inhibited the expressions of DDR2, P38 and the above-mentioned mineralization indexes, and significantly reduced the formation of mineralized nodules. CONCLUSION This study suggested that ON had a bidirectional dose-dependent regulatory effect on osteoblast mineralization, and the activation of P38 pathway by collagen binding to DDR2 was also an important molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Sen Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Chuan'an Nan Road NO 333, Wenling, 317500, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting-Ting Mo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Chuan'an Nan Road NO 333, Wenling, 317500, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chang Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Chuan'an Nan Road NO 333, Wenling, 317500, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiang-Nan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Chuan'an Nan Road NO 333, Wenling, 317500, Zhejiang, China.
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Franceschi RT, Hallett SA, Ge C. Discoidin domain receptors; an ancient family of collagen receptors has major roles in bone development, regeneration and metabolism. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2023; 4:1181817. [PMID: 38222874 PMCID: PMC10785288 DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2023.1181817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) niche plays a critical role in determining cellular behavior during bone development including the differentiation and lineage allocation of skeletal progenitor cells to chondrocytes, osteoblasts, or marrow adipocytes. As the major ECM component in mineralized tissues, collagen has instructive as well as structural roles during bone development and is required for bone cell differentiation. Cells sense their extracellular environment using specific cell surface receptors. For many years, specific β1 integrins were considered the main collagen receptors in bone, but, more recently, the important role of a second, more primordial collagen receptor family, the discoidin domain receptors, has become apparent. This review will specifically focus on the roles of discoidin domain receptors in mineralized tissue development as well as related functions in abnormal bone formation, regeneration and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renny T. Franceschi
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Shawn A. Hallett
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Chunxi Ge
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Akalın A, Özşin C, Koç N, Demir GÜ, Alanay Y, Utine E, Boduroğlu K, Tekçiçek M, Şimşek-Kiper PÖ. Spondylo-meta-epiphyseal dysplasia (SMED), short limb-hand abnormal calcification type: Further expanding the mutational spectrum and dental findings of three new patients. Eur J Med Genet 2023; 66:104708. [PMID: 36720430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Genetic skeletal disorders are clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders that affect the normal development, growth, and maintenance of the human skeleton. Spondylo-meta-epiphyseal dysplasia, short limb-abnormal calcification type (SMED-SL/AC; MIM# 271665) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic skeletal disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, disproportionate short stature, vertebral, metaphyseal, and epiphyseal abnormalities. This unique phenotype is caused by biallelic loss-of-function variants in Discoidin domain receptor 2 gene (DDR2, MIM# 191311). To date, only 10 pathogenic variants (six missense, two nonsense, one deletion, and one splice site) in DDR2 have been reported in patients with SMED-SL/AC. Dental anomalies related to skeletal dysplasia can include various abnormalities in the number, shape, and position of teeth in the jaw, as well as enamel hypoplasia and dentinogenesis imperfecta. Although abnormal dentition has previously been reported, orodental findings were described in only six patients with SMED-SL/AC. This study aimed to define the clinical, dental, radiological, and molecular findings of three new SMED-SL/AC patients from three unrelated families. Three DDR2 variants, two of which were novel, were detected with the aid of Sanger sequencing. Interestingly, one of the patients was diagnosed with Wilson's disease (WD) during the follow-up, a co-occurrence that has never been reported in patients with SMED-SL/AC so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akçahan Akalın
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Cansu Özşin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nagihan Koç
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gizem Ürel Demir
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Alanay
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Acıbadem University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eda Utine
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Koray Boduroğlu
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meryem Tekçiçek
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pelin Özlem Şimşek-Kiper
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Mohamed FF, Ge C, Hallett SA, Bancroft AC, Cowling RT, Ono N, Binrayes AA, Greenberg B, Levi B, Kaartinen VM, Franceschi RT. Control of craniofacial development by the collagen receptor, discoidin domain receptor 2. eLife 2023; 12:e77257. [PMID: 36656123 PMCID: PMC9977278 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of the craniofacial skeleton requires interactions between progenitor cells and the collagen-rich extracellular matrix (ECM). The mediators of these interactions are not well-defined. Mutations in the discoidin domain receptor 2 gene (DDR2), which encodes a non-integrin collagen receptor, are associated with human craniofacial abnormalities, such as midface hypoplasia and open fontanels. However, the exact role of this gene in craniofacial morphogenesis is not known. As will be shown, Ddr2-deficient mice exhibit defects in craniofacial bones including impaired calvarial growth and frontal suture formation, cranial base hypoplasia due to aberrant chondrogenesis and delayed ossification at growth plate synchondroses. These defects were associated with abnormal collagen fibril organization, chondrocyte proliferation and polarization. As established by localization and lineage-tracing studies, Ddr2 is expressed in progenitor cell-enriched craniofacial regions including sutures and synchondrosis resting zone cartilage, overlapping with GLI1 + cells, and contributing to chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages during skull growth. Tissue-specific knockouts further established the requirement for Ddr2 in GLI +skeletal progenitors and chondrocytes. These studies establish a cellular basis for regulation of craniofacial morphogenesis by this understudied collagen receptor and suggest that DDR2 is necessary for proper collagen organization, chondrocyte proliferation, and orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma F Mohamed
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Chunxi Ge
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Shawn A Hallett
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Alec C Bancroft
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas SouthwesternDallasUnited States
| | - Randy T Cowling
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Noriaki Ono
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of DentistryHoustonUnited States
| | - Abdul-Aziz Binrayes
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Barry Greenberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas SouthwesternDallasUnited States
| | - Vesa M Kaartinen
- Department of Biologic & Materials Science, University of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Renny T Franceschi
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborUnited States
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
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Prasad Shenoy G, Pal R, Gurubasavaraja Swamy P, Singh E, Manjunathaiah Raghavendra N, Sanjay Dhiwar P. Discoidin Domain Receptor Inhibitors as Anticancer Agents: A Systematic Review on Recent Development of DDRs Inhibitors, their Resistance and Structure Activity Relationship. Bioorg Chem 2022; 130:106215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Hallett SA, Ono W, Franceschi RT, Ono N. Cranial Base Synchondrosis: Chondrocytes at the Hub. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7817. [PMID: 35887171 PMCID: PMC9317907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The cranial base is formed by endochondral ossification and functions as a driver of anteroposterior cranial elongation and overall craniofacial growth. The cranial base contains the synchondroses that are composed of opposite-facing layers of resting, proliferating and hypertrophic chondrocytes with unique developmental origins, both in the neural crest and mesoderm. In humans, premature ossification of the synchondroses causes midfacial hypoplasia, which commonly presents in patients with syndromic craniosynostoses and skeletal Class III malocclusion. Major signaling pathways and transcription factors that regulate the long bone growth plate-PTHrP-Ihh, FGF, Wnt, BMP signaling and Runx2-are also involved in the cranial base synchondrosis. Here, we provide an updated overview of the cranial base synchondrosis and the cell population within, as well as its molecular regulation, and further discuss future research opportunities to understand the unique function of this craniofacial skeletal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn A. Hallett
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (S.A.H.); (R.T.F.)
| | - Wanida Ono
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA;
| | - Renny T. Franceschi
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (S.A.H.); (R.T.F.)
| | - Noriaki Ono
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA
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Mohamed FF, Ge C, Cowling RT, Lucas D, Hallett SA, Ono N, Binrayes AA, Greenberg B, Franceschi RT. The collagen receptor, discoidin domain receptor 2, functions in Gli1-positive skeletal progenitors and chondrocytes to control bone development. Bone Res 2022; 10:11. [PMID: 35140200 PMCID: PMC8828874 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00182-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Discoidin Domain Receptor 2 (DDR2) is a collagen-activated receptor kinase that, together with integrins, is required for cells to respond to the extracellular matrix. Ddr2 loss-of-function mutations in humans and mice cause severe defects in skeletal growth and development. However, the cellular functions of Ddr2 in bone are not understood. Expression and lineage analysis showed selective expression of Ddr2 at early stages of bone formation in the resting zone and proliferating chondrocytes and periosteum. Consistent with these findings, Ddr2+ cells could differentiate into hypertrophic chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and osteocytes and showed a high degree of colocalization with the skeletal progenitor marker, Gli1. A conditional deletion approach showed a requirement for Ddr2 in Gli1-positive skeletal progenitors and chondrocytes but not mature osteoblasts. Furthermore, Ddr2 knockout in limb bud chondroprogenitors or purified marrow-derived skeletal progenitors inhibited chondrogenic or osteogenic differentiation, respectively. This work establishes a cell-autonomous function for Ddr2 in skeletal progenitors and cartilage and emphasizes the critical role of this collagen receptor in bone development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma F Mohamed
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chunxi Ge
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Randy T Cowling
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Lucas
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Shawn A Hallett
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Noriaki Ono
- Department of Orthodontics & Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Abdul-Aziz Binrayes
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Barry Greenberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Renny T Franceschi
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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9
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Zhu YS, Zhang JN, Mo TT, Jiang C, Ma RC, Chen L. Discoidin domain receptor 2 activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase as an important pathway for osteonectin-regulating osteoblast mineralization. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:711. [PMID: 34876214 PMCID: PMC8650413 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02860-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study aimed to determine the role of the discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) in the osteonectin (ON) regulation of osteoblast mineralization through the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Methods Four groups were established: the ON group, the inhibitor group, the Ddr2-small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) group, and the control group. Osteoblasts from the parietal bones of neonatal Sprague–Dawley rats were isolated and cultured. In the ON group, 1 µg/mL ON was added to the osteoblasts. The gene expressions of collagen 1 (Col 1) and Ddr2 were detected using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). In the inhibitor group, the osteoblasts were added to WRG-28 (a specific DDR2 inhibitor), and in the Ddr2-siRNA group, the osteoblasts were transfected with Ddr2-siRNA. The gene and protein expressions of DDR2, bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and p38 MAPK were determined using RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. Alizarin red staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to detect mineralization. Results The results showed that ON enhanced the osteoblast Col 1 and Ddr2 gene expressions, while the use of a Ddr2-siRNA/DDR2-blocker decreased the OPN, BSP, OCN, and P38 gene and protein expressions and reduced osteoblast cellular activity and mineralized nodules. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that DDR2 activation of p38 MAPK is an important approach to ON-regulating osteoblast mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Sen Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Chuan'an Nan Road NO 333, Wenling, 317500, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiang-Nan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Chuan'an Nan Road NO 333, Wenling, 317500, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting-Ting Mo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Chuan'an Nan Road NO 333, Wenling, 317500, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chang Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Chuan'an Nan Road NO 333, Wenling, 317500, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ru-Chao Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Chuan'an Nan Road NO 333, Wenling, 317500, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China
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Yilmaz Gulec E, Ali BR, John A, Tuysuz B. Spondylometaepiphyseal Dysplasia Short Limb-Abnormal Calcification Type in Turkish Patients Reveals a Novel Mutation and New Features. Mol Syndromol 2021; 13:23-37. [PMID: 35221872 DOI: 10.1159/000517848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Spondylometaepiphyseal dysplasia short limb-abnormal calcification type (SMED-SL/AC) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. It is a severe dwarfism syndrome with a characteristic feature of progressive calcification of epiphyseal and other cartilaginous tissues. It is caused by pathogenic variants in the DDR2 gene encoding the discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 2. Thus far, 37 cases and 8 pathogenic variants have been reported. Most of the reported cases are of Middle Eastern and Puerto Rican origins. Only one Turkish case has been reported previously with a novel truncating variant p.(R489*). Here, we report 2 new cases, 1 with a novel variant p.(S311G) and 1 with a splice site variant c.2283+1G>A. In addition, we reviewed a previously reported case, and sequencing of stored DNA revealed the recently reported nonsense variant p.(R489*) as the underlying cause. Therefore, our data increase the number of SMED-SL/AC Turkish patients with molecular results to 4. Furthermore, we compared the features of Turkish patients with other reported cases and expanded the characteristics of the disorder with new features such as triventricular hydrocephalus, intracranial hemorrhage, hypopigmentation of hair, dry and scaly skin, arthralgia, and hypocalcemia. We also compared the pathogenic variants of Turkish patients with other variants, aiming to explain the mechanism leading to a more severe and early fatal course in Turkish patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Yilmaz Gulec
- Department of Medical Genetics University of Health Sciences, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bassam R Ali
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anne John
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Beyhan Tuysuz
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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11
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Lecaudey LA, Singh P, Sturmbauer C, Duenser A, Gessl W, Ahi EP. Transcriptomics unravels molecular players shaping dorsal lip hypertrophy in the vacuum cleaner cichlid, Gnathochromis permaxillaris. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:506. [PMID: 34225643 PMCID: PMC8256507 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07775-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teleosts display a spectacular diversity of craniofacial adaptations that often mediates ecological specializations. A considerable amount of research has revealed molecular players underlying skeletal craniofacial morphologies, but less is known about soft craniofacial phenotypes. Here we focus on an example of lip hypertrophy in the benthivorous Lake Tangnayika cichlid, Gnathochromis permaxillaris, considered to be a morphological adaptation to extract invertebrates out of the uppermost layer of mud bottom. We investigate the molecular and regulatory basis of lip hypertrophy in G. permaxillaris using a comparative transcriptomic approach. RESULTS We identified a gene regulatory network involved in tissue overgrowth and cellular hypertrophy, potentially associated with the formation of a locally restricted hypertrophic lip in a teleost fish species. Of particular interest were the increased expression level of apoda and fhl2, as well as reduced expression of cyp1a, gimap8, lama5 and rasal3, in the hypertrophic lip region which have been implicated in lip formation in other vertebrates. Among the predicted upstream transcription factors, we found reduced expression of foxp1 in the hypertrophic lip region, which is known to act as repressor of cell growth and proliferation, and its function has been associated with hypertrophy of upper lip in human. CONCLUSION Our results provide a genetic foundation for future studies of molecular players shaping soft and exaggerated, but locally restricted, craniofacial morphological changes in fish and perhaps across vertebrates. In the future, we advocate integrating gene regulatory networks of various craniofacial phenotypes to understand how they collectively govern trophic and behavioural adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurène Alicia Lecaudey
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pooja Singh
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Christian Sturmbauer
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Duenser
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Gessl
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ehsan Pashay Ahi
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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12
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Elkamhawy A, Lu Q, Nada H, Woo J, Quan G, Lee K. The Journey of DDR1 and DDR2 Kinase Inhibitors as Rising Stars in the Fight Against Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126535. [PMID: 34207360 PMCID: PMC8235339 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Discoidin domain receptor (DDR) is a collagen-activated receptor tyrosine kinase that plays critical roles in regulating essential cellular processes such as morphogenesis, differentiation, proliferation, adhesion, migration, invasion, and matrix remodeling. As a result, DDR dysregulation has been attributed to a variety of human cancer disorders, for instance, non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), ovarian cancer, glioblastoma, and breast cancer, in addition to some inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. Since the target identification in the early 1990s to date, a lot of efforts have been devoted to the development of DDR inhibitors. From a medicinal chemistry perspective, we attempted to reveal the progress in the development of the most promising DDR1 and DDR2 small molecule inhibitors covering their design approaches, structure-activity relationship (SAR), biological activity, and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elkamhawy
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea or (A.E.); (Q.L.); (H.N.); (J.W.); (G.Q.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Qili Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea or (A.E.); (Q.L.); (H.N.); (J.W.); (G.Q.)
| | - Hossam Nada
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea or (A.E.); (Q.L.); (H.N.); (J.W.); (G.Q.)
| | - Jiyu Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea or (A.E.); (Q.L.); (H.N.); (J.W.); (G.Q.)
| | - Guofeng Quan
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea or (A.E.); (Q.L.); (H.N.); (J.W.); (G.Q.)
| | - Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea or (A.E.); (Q.L.); (H.N.); (J.W.); (G.Q.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Oommen D, Kizhakkedath P, Jawabri AA, Varghese DS, Ali BR. Proteostasis Regulation in the Endoplasmic Reticulum: An Emerging Theme in the Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Management of Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Front Genet 2020; 11:570355. [PMID: 33173538 PMCID: PMC7538668 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.570355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal genetic disease characterized by high serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) content leading to premature coronary artery disease. The main genetic and molecular causes of FH are mutations in low-density lipoprotein receptor gene (LDLR) resulting in the non-clearance of LDL from the blood by hepatocytes and consequently the formation of plaques. LDLR is synthesized and glycosylated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and then transported to the plasma membrane via Golgi. It is estimated that more than 50% of reported FH-causing mutations in LDLR result in misfolded proteins that are transport-defective and hence retained in ER. ER accumulation of misfolded proteins causes ER-stress and activates unfolded protein response (UPR). UPR aids protein folding, blocks further protein synthesis, and eliminates misfolded proteins via ER-associated degradation (ERAD) to alleviate ER stress. Various studies demonstrated that ER-retained LDLR mutants are subjected to ERAD. Interestingly, chemical chaperones and genetic or pharmacological inhibition of ERAD have been reported to rescue the transport defective mutant LDLR alleles from ERAD and restore their ER-Golgi transport resulting in the expression of functional plasma membrane LDLR. This suggests the possibility of pharmacological modulation of proteostasis in the ER as a therapeutic strategy for FH. In this review, we picture a detailed analysis of UPR and the ERAD processes activated by ER-retained LDLR mutants associated with FH. In addition, we discuss and critically evaluate the potential role of chemical chaperones and ERAD modulators in the therapeutic management of FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepu Oommen
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Praseetha Kizhakkedath
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aseel A Jawabri
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Divya Saro Varghese
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassam R Ali
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Zayed Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
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14
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Farzadi A, Renner T, Calomeni EP, Presley KF, Karn N, Lannutti J, Dasi LP, Agarwal G. Modulation of biomimetic mineralization of collagen by soluble ectodomain of discoidin domain receptor 2. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:109905. [PMID: 31499975 PMCID: PMC6741439 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Collagen fibrils serve as the major template for mineral deposits in both biologically derived and engineered tissues. In recent years certain non-collagenous proteins have been elucidated as important players in differentially modulating intra vs. extra-fibrillar mineralization of collagen. We and others have previously shown that the expression of the collagen receptor, discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) positively correlates with matrix mineralization. The objective of this study was to examine if the ectodomain (ECD) of DDR2 modulates intra versus extra-fibrillar mineralization of collagen independent of cell-signaling. For this purpose, a decellularized collagenous substrate, namely glutaraldehyde fixed porcine pericardium (GFPP) was subjected to biomimetic mineralization protocols. GFPP was incubated in modified simulated body fluid (mSBF) or polymer-induced liquid precursor (PILP) solutions in the presence of recombinant DDR2 ECD (DDR2-Fc) to mediate extra or intra-fibrillar mineralization of collagen. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that DDR2-Fc increased mineral content in GFPP calcified in mSBF while no significant differences were observed in PILP mediated mineralization. Electron microscopy approaches were used to evaluate the quality and quantity mineral deposits. An increase in the matrix to mineral ratio, frequency of particles and size of mineral deposits was observed in the presence of DDR2-Fc in mSBF. Von Kossa staining and immunohistochemistry analysis of adjacent sections indicated that DDR2-Fc bound to both the matrix and mineral phase of GFPP. Further, DDR2-Fc was found to bind to hydroxyapatite (HAP) particles and enhance the nucleation of mineral deposits in mSBF solutions independent of collagen. Taken together, our results elucidate DDR2 ECD as a novel player in the modulation of extra-fibrillar mineralization of collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghavan Farzadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Theodore Renner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Edward P Calomeni
- Renal Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kayla F Presley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nicole Karn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John Lannutti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lakshmi P Dasi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gunjan Agarwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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15
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Malcor JD, Juskaite V, Gavriilidou D, Hunter EJ, Davidenko N, Hamaia S, Sinha S, Cameron RE, Best SM, Leitinger B, Farndale RW. Coupling of a specific photoreactive triple-helical peptide to crosslinked collagen films restores binding and activation of DDR2 and VWF. Biomaterials 2018; 182:21-34. [PMID: 30099278 PMCID: PMC6131271 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Collagen-based scaffolds may require chemical crosslinking to achieve mechanical properties suitable for tissue engineering. Carbodiimide treatment, often used for this purpose, consumes amino acid side chains required for receptor recognition, thus reducing cell-collagen interaction. Here, we restore recognition and function of both von Willebrand Factor (VWF) and Discoidin Domain Receptor 2 (DDR2) to crosslinked collagen films by derivatisation with a specific triple-helical peptide (THP), an approach previously applied to integrin-mediated cellular adhesion. The THP contained the collagen III-derived active sequence, GPRGQOGVNleGFO, conjugated to a photoreactive moiety, diazirine, allowing UV-dependent covalent coupling to collagen films. Crosslinking of collagen films attenuated the binding of recombinant VWF A3 domain and of DDR2 (as the GST and Fc fusions, respectively), and coupling of the specific THP restored their attachment. These derivatised films supported activation of DDR2 expressed in either COS-7 or HEK293 cells, reflected by phosphorylation of tyrosine 740, and VWF-mediated platelet deposition from flowing blood was restored. Further, such films were able to increase low-density lipoprotein uptake in vascular endothelial cells, a marker for endothelial phenotype. Thus, covalent linkage of specific THPs to crosslinked collagen films i) restores their cognate protein binding, ii) triggers the corresponding cellular responses, and iii) demonstrates the broad applicability of the approach to a range of receptors for applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Daniel Malcor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Victoria Juskaite
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Emma J Hunter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Natalia Davidenko
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samir Hamaia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Sanjay Sinha
- Division of Medicine and Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ruth E Cameron
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Serena M Best
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Birgit Leitinger
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Richard W Farndale
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK.
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16
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Further expansion of the mutational spectrum of spondylo-meta-epiphyseal dysplasia with abnormal calcification. J Hum Genet 2018; 63:1003-1007. [PMID: 29884795 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-018-0473-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Spondylo-meta-epiphyseal dysplasia, short limb-abnormal calcification type, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of the skeleton characterized by disproportionate short stature with narrow chest and dysmorphic facial features. The skeletal manifestations include platyspondyly, short flared ribs, short tubular bones with abnormal metaphyses and epiphyses, severe brachydactyly, and premature stippled calcifications in the cartilage. The abnormal calcifications are so distinctive as to point to the definitive diagnosis. However, they may be too subtle to attract diagnostic attention in infancy. Homozygous variants in DDR2 cause this disorder. We report on a 5-year-old girl with the classic phenotype of SMED, SL-AC in whom a novel homozygous nonsense mutation in DDR2 was detected using exome sequencing.
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17
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Ben-Salem S, Robbins SM, Sobreira NLM, Lyon A, Al-Shamsi AM, Islam BK, Akawi NA, John A, Thachillath P, Hamed SA, Valle D, Ali BR, Al-Gazali L. Defect in phosphoinositide signalling through a homozygous variant in PLCB3 causes a new form of spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with corneal dystrophy. J Med Genet 2018; 55:122-130. [PMID: 29122926 PMCID: PMC8215682 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2017-104827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone dysplasias are a large group of disorders affecting the growth and structure of the skeletal system. METHODS In the present study, we report the clinical and molecular delineation of a new form of syndromic autosomal recessive spondylometaphyseal dysplasia (SMD) in two Emirati first cousins. They displayed postnatal growth deficiency causing profound limb shortening with proximal and distal segments involvement, narrow chest, radiological abnormalities involving the spine, pelvis and metaphyses, corneal clouding and intellectual disability. Whole genome homozygosity mapping localised the genetic cause to 11q12.1-q13.1, a region spanning 19.32 Mb with ~490 genes. Using whole exome sequencing, we identified four novel homozygous variants within the shared block of homozygosity. Pathogenic variants in genes involved in phospholipid metabolism, such as PLCB4 and PCYT1A, are known to cause bone dysplasia with or without eye anomalies, which led us to select PLCB3 as a strong candidate. This gene encodes phospholipase C β 3, an enzyme that converts phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate (PIP2) to inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol. RESULTS The identified variant (c.2632G>T) substitutes a serine for a highly conserved alanine within the Ha2' element of the proximal C-terminal domain. This disrupts binding of the Ha2' element to the catalytic core and destabilises PLCB3. Here we show that this hypomorphic variant leads to elevated levels of PIP2 in patient fibroblasts, causing disorganisation of the F-actin cytoskeleton. CONCLUSIONS Our results connect a homozygous loss of function variant in PLCB3 with a new SMD associated with corneal dystrophy and developmental delay (SMDCD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Ben-Salem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Heath Sciences, University Al-Ain, Al Ain, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sarah M Robbins
- Human genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nara LM Sobreira
- Human genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Angeline Lyon
- Chemistry and Biological Sciences, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Aisha M Al-Shamsi
- Department of Paediatrics, Tawam Hospital, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Barira K Islam
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine and Heath Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nadia A Akawi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Anne John
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Heath Sciences, University Al-Ain, Al Ain, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Pramathan Thachillath
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine and Heath Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sania Al Hamed
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine and Heath Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - David Valle
- Human genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bassam R Ali
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Heath Sciences, University Al-Ain, Al Ain, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lihadh Al-Gazali
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine and Heath Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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18
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Mohamed FF, Franceschi RT. Skeletal Stem Cells: Origins, Functions and Uncertainties. CURRENT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 3:236-246. [PMID: 29430387 PMCID: PMC5802417 DOI: 10.1007/s40610-017-0075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The development and maintenance of the skeleton requires a steady source of skeletal progenitors to provide the osteoblasts and chondrocytes necessary for bone and cartilage growth and development. The current model for skeletal stem cells (SSCs) posits that SSC/progenitor cells are present in bone marrow (BM) and other osteogenic sites such as cranial sutures where they undergo self-renewal and differentiation to give rise to the main skeletal tissues. SSCs hold great promise for understanding skeletal biology and genetic diseases of bone as well as for the advancement of bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine strategies. In the past few years, a considerable effort has been devoted to identifying and purifying skeletal stem cells and determining their contribution to bone formation and homeostasis. Here, we review recent progress in this area with particular emphasis on the discovery of specific SSC markers, their use in tracking the progression of cell populations along specific lineages and the regulation of SSCs in both the appendicular and cranial skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma F. Mohamed
- Departments of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0600
| | - Renny T. Franceschi
- Departments of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0600
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0600
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19
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Ge C, Wang Z, Zhao G, Li B, Liao J, Sun H, Franceschi RT. Discoidin Receptor 2 Controls Bone Formation and Marrow Adipogenesis. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:2193-2203. [PMID: 27341689 PMCID: PMC5135576 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions play major roles in controlling progenitor cell fate and differentiation. The receptor tyrosine kinase, discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2), is an important mediator of interactions between cells and fibrillar collagens. DDR2 signals through both ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinase, which stimulate osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Here we show that DDR2 is critical for skeletal development and differentiation of marrow progenitor cells to osteoblasts while suppressing marrow adipogenesis. Smallie mice (Ddr2slie/slie ), which contain a nonfunctional Ddr2 allele, have multiple skeletal defects. A progressive decrease in tibial trabecular bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) was observed when wild-type (WT), Ddr2wt/slie , and Ddr2slie/slie mice were compared. These changes were associated with reduced trabecular number (Tb.N) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) and increased trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp) in both males and females, but reduced cortical thickness only in Ddr2slie/slie females. Bone changes were attributed to decreased bone formation rather than increased osteoclast activity. Significantly, marrow fat and adipocyte-specific mRNA expression were significantly elevated in Ddr2slie/slie animals. Additional skeletal defects include widened calvarial sutures and reduced vertebral trabecular bone. To examine the role of DDR2 signaling in cell differentiation, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were grown under osteogenic and adipogenic conditions. Ddr2slie/slie cells exhibited defective osteoblast differentiation and accelerated adipogenesis. Changes in differentiation were related to activity of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and PPARγ, transcription factors that are both controlled by MAPK-dependent phosphorylation. Specifically, the defective osteoblast differentiation in calvarial cells from Ddr2slie/slie mice was associated with reduced ERK/MAP kinase and RUNX2-S319 phosphorylation and could be rescued with a constitutively active phosphomimetic RUNX2 mutant. Also, DDR2 was shown to increase RUNX2-S319 phosphorylation and transcriptional activity while also increasing PPARγ-S112 phosphorylation, but reducing its activity. DDR2 is, therefore, important for maintenance of osteoblast activity and suppression of marrow adipogenesis in vivo and these actions are related to changes in MAPK-dependent RUNX2 and PPARγ phosphorylation. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxi Ge
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078
| | - Zhengyan Wang
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078
| | - Guisheng Zhao
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078
| | - Binbin Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing 10081, P.R.China
| | - Jinhui Liao
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078
| | - Hanshi Sun
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078
| | - Renny T. Franceschi
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0600
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20
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Mansouri M, Kayserili H, Elalaoui SC, Nishimura G, Iida A, Lyahyai J, Miyake N, Matsumoto N, Sefiani A, Ikegawa S. Novel DDR2 mutation identified by whole exome sequencing in a Moroccan patient with spondylo-meta-epiphyseal dysplasia, short limb-abnormal calcification type. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 170A:460-465. [PMID: 26463668 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Spondylo-meta-epiphyseal dysplasia (SMED), short limb-abnormal calcification type (SMED, SL-AC), is a very rare autosomal recessive disorder with various skeletal changes characterized by premature calcification leading to severe disproportionate short stature. Twenty-two patients have been reported until now, but only five mutations (four missense and one splice-site) in the conserved sequence encoding the tyrosine kinase domain of the DDR2 gene has been identified. We report here a novel DDR2 missense mutation, c.370C > T (p.Arg124Trp) in a Moroccan girl with SMED, SL-AC, identified by whole exome sequencing. Our study has expanded the mutational spectrum of this rare disease and it has shown that exome sequencing is a powerful and cost-effective tool for the diagnosis of clinically heterogeneous disorders such as SMED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mansouri
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Institut National d'Hygiène, Rabat, Morocco.,Centre de Génomique Humaine, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Rabat, Université Mohammed V Souissi, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hülya Kayserili
- Medical Genetics Department, İstanbul Medical Faculty, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Siham Chafai Elalaoui
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Institut National d'Hygiène, Rabat, Morocco.,Centre de Génomique Humaine, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Rabat, Université Mohammed V Souissi, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Department of Pediatric Imaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Aritoshi Iida
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jaber Lyahyai
- Centre de Génomique Humaine, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Rabat, Université Mohammed V Souissi, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Abdelaziz Sefiani
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Institut National d'Hygiène, Rabat, Morocco.,Centre de Génomique Humaine, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Rabat, Université Mohammed V Souissi, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Li Y, Lu X, Ren X, Ding K. Small Molecule Discoidin Domain Receptor Kinase Inhibitors and Potential Medical Applications. J Med Chem 2015; 58:3287-301. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5012319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Li
- State Key Laboratory
of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190
Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyun Lu
- State Key Laboratory
of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190
Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xiaomei Ren
- State Key Laboratory
of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190
Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Ke Ding
- State Key Laboratory
of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190
Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
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22
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Phan TN, Wong EL, Park SY, Kim HJ, Yang BS. Defective Ca(2+) binding in a conserved binding site causes incomplete N-glycan processing and endoplasmic reticulum trapping of discoidin domain receptors. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 79:574-80. [PMID: 25470979 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.987208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
An X-ray crystallographic study has suggested that vertebrate discoidin domain receptors (DDRs) have a conserved Ca(2+) binding site. DDR1 and DDR2 transfected in HEK293 cells were expressed mainly as 120 and 130 kDa forms, respectively, as they are sufficiently N-glycosylated. However, both of them showed the molecular weight of 110 kDa predominantly in the cells cultured with Ca(2+)-depleted media. DDR2-carrying D234A mutation at the conserved Ca(2+)-binding site expressed the 110 kDa form dominantly even in normal culture condition. DDR2 becomes 100 kDa form in glucose-depleted culture condition and its molecular weight increases up to 130 kDa with re-feeding glucose. However, in the mutant DDR2, the increase came to a halt at 110 kDa. The 110 kDa form had premature N-glycosyl carbohydrates and located predominantly within the endoplasmic reticulum. These results suggest that DDRs require Ca(2+)-binding to complete their N-glycan processing and generate the form targeted to cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trong-Nhat Phan
- a Chemical Kinomics Research Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul , Korea
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