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Li J, Deng Q, Zhu J, Min W, Hu X, Yu Chen H, Luo Z, Lin L, Wei X, Zhang Y, Lou K, Gao Y, Zhang G, Bai J. Methylation of ESR1 promoter induced by SNAI2-DNMT3B complex promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and correlates with poor prognosis in ERα-positive breast cancers. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e403. [PMID: 37881785 PMCID: PMC10594044 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) serves as an essential therapeutic predictor for breast cancer (BC) patients and is regulated by epigenetic modification. Abnormal methylation of cytosine phosphoric acid guanine islands in the estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) gene promoter could silence or decrease ERα expression. In ERα-negative BC, we previously found snail family transcriptional repressor 2 (SNAI2), a zinc-finger transcriptional factor, recruited lysine-specific demethylase 1 to the promoter to transcriptionally suppress ERα expression by demethylating histone H3 lysine 4 dimethylation (H3K4me2). However, the role of SNAI2 in ERα-positive BC remains elusive. In this study, we observed a positive correlation between SNAI2 and ESR1 methylation, and SNAI2 promoted ESR1 methylation by recruiting DNA methyltransferase 3 beta (DNMT3B) rather than DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) in ERα-positive BC cells. Subsequent enrichment analysis illustrated that ESR1 methylation is strongly correlated with cell adhesion and junction. Knocking down DNMT3B could partially reverse SNAI2 overexpression-induced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, high DNMT3B expression predicted poor relapse-free survival and overall survival in ERα-positive BC patients. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the novel mechanisms of the ESR1 methylation mediated with the SNAI2/DNMT3B complex and enhanced awareness of ESR1 methylation's role in promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition in BC.
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Kalinkova L, Nikolaieva N, Smolkova B, Ciernikova S, Kajo K, Bella V, Kajabova VH, Kosnacova H, Minarik G, Fridrichova I. miR-205-5p Downregulation and ZEB1 Upregulation Characterize the Disseminated Tumor Cells in Patients with Invasive Ductal Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010103. [PMID: 35008529 PMCID: PMC8744876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dissemination of breast cancer (BC) cells through the hematogenous or lymphogenous vessels leads to metastatic disease in one-third of BC patients. Therefore, we investigated the new prognostic features for invasion and metastasis. Methods: We evaluated the expression of miRNAs and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes in relation to CDH1/E-cadherin changes in samples from 31 patients with invasive ductal BC including tumor centrum (TU-C), tumor invasive front (TU-IF), lymph node metastasis (LNM), and CD45-depleted blood (CD45-DB). Expression of miRNA and mRNA was quantified by RT-PCR arrays and associations with clinico-pathological characteristics were statistically evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: We did not verify CDH1 regulating associations previously described in cell lines. However, we did detect extremely high ZEB1 expression in LNMs from patients with distant metastasis, but without regulation by miR-205-5p. Considering the ZEB1 functions, this overexpression indicates enhancement of metastatic potential of lymphogenously disseminated BC cells. In CD45-DB samples, downregulated miR-205-5p was found in those expressing epithelial and/or mesenchymal markers (CTC+) that could contribute to insusceptibility and survival of hematogenously disseminated BC cells mediated by increased expression of several targets including ZEB1. Conclusions: miR-205-5p and potentially ZEB1 gene are promising candidates for markers of metastatic potential in ductal BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Kalinkova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.K.); (N.N.); (S.C.); (K.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Nataliia Nikolaieva
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.K.); (N.N.); (S.C.); (K.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Bozena Smolkova
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.S.); (V.H.K.)
| | - Sona Ciernikova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.K.); (N.N.); (S.C.); (K.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Karol Kajo
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.K.); (N.N.); (S.C.); (K.K.); (H.K.)
- Department of Pathology, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, 81250 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vladimir Bella
- Department of Senology, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, 81250 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Viera Horvathova Kajabova
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.S.); (V.H.K.)
| | - Helena Kosnacova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.K.); (N.N.); (S.C.); (K.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Gabriel Minarik
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81108 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Ivana Fridrichova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.K.); (N.N.); (S.C.); (K.K.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-02-32295188
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3
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Kheradmand P, Vallian Boroojeni S, Esmaeili-Mahani S. MiR-221 Expression Level Correlates with Insulin-Induced Doxorubicin Resistance in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. CELL JOURNAL 2021; 23:329-334. [PMID: 34308576 PMCID: PMC8286461 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2021.7153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective Insulin induces anti-cancer drugs resistance in tumor cells. However, the mechanism by which insulin
induces its drug resistance effects is not clear. In the present study, the expression of miR-221 in insulin-treated MCF-7
cells in response to the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin, was investigated.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, cell viability was evaluated using MTT (3-[4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-
yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. The expression level of miR-221 was determined by real time polymerase
chain reaction (RT-PCR). Furthermore, the expression of insulin receptor (IR) and cleaved caspase-3 protein was
assessed by Western blotting.
Results The results showed that treatment of the MCF-7 cells with insulin reduced the anti-cancer effects of
doxorubicin. Viability of naive and insulin-treated cells following doxorubicin (DOX) treatment was 62.9 ± 5.7% and 79
± 7.2%, respectively. Furthermore, the expression of miR-221 in insulin-treated cells was significantly increased (2.6
± 0.37-fold change) as compared with the control group. A significant decrease (26%) in the expression of caspase-3
protein and a significant increase (24%) in IR were observed in insulin-induced drug resistant MCF-7 cells as compared
to the naive cells.
Conclusion Together, the data showed a positive correlation between the expression of miR-221 and IR expression,
but a negative correlation with caspase3 expression, in insulin-induced drug resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cells. This
could suggest a new mechanism for the role of miR-221 in cancer drugs resistance induced by insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Kheradmand
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Microbology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sadeq Vallian Boroojeni
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Microbology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
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Interplay between p53 and non-coding RNAs in the regulation of EMT in breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:17. [PMID: 33414456 PMCID: PMC7791039 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a pivotal role in the differentiation of vertebrates and is critically important in tumorigenesis. Using this evolutionarily conserved mechanism, cancer cells become drug-resistant and acquire the ability to escape the cytotoxic effect of anti-cancer drugs. In addition, these cells gain invasive features and increased mobility thereby promoting metastases. In this respect, the process of EMT is critical for dissemination of solid tumors including breast cancer. It has been shown that miRNAs are instrumental for the regulation of EMT, where they play both positive and negative roles often as a part of a feed-back loop. Recent studies have highlighted a novel association of p53 and EMT where the mutation status of p53 is critically important for the outcome of this process. Interestingly, p53 has been shown to mediate its effects via the miRNA-dependent mechanism that targets master-regulators of EMT, such as Zeb1/2, Snail, Slug, and Twist1. This regulation often involves interactions of miRNAs with lncRNAs. In this review, we present a detailed overview of miRNA/lncRNA-dependent mechanisms that control interplay between p53 and master-regulators of EMT and their importance for breast cancer.
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Fattahi M, Sheervalilou R, Hoseinpour N, Valiloo M, Pedram N, Montazeri V, Nejati K, Abtin M, Seif F, Alivand MR. The correlation between Twist 1 and 2 promoter methylation status and clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with breast cancer. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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6
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Gaetani S, Monaco F, Alessandrini F, Tagliabracci A, Sabbatini A, Bracci M, Valentino M, Neuzil J, Amati M, Santarelli L, Tomasetti M. Mechanism of miR-222 and miR-126 regulation and its role in asbestos-induced malignancy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 121:105700. [PMID: 32006662 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MiR-222 and miR-126 are associated with asbestos exposure and the ensuing malignancy, but the mechanism(s) of their regulation remain unclear. We evaluated the mechanism by which asbestos regulates miR-222 and miR-126 expression in the context of cancer etiology. An 'in vitro' model of carcinogen-induced cell transformation was used based on exposing bronchial epithelium BEAS-2B cells to three different carcinogens including asbestos. Involvement of the EGFR pathway and the role of epigenetics have been investigated in carcinogen-transformed cells and in malignant mesothelioma, a neoplastic disease associated with asbestos exposure. Increased expression of miR-222 and miR-126 were found in asbestos-transformed cells, but not in cells exposed to arsenic and chrome. Asbestos-mediated activation of the EGFR pathway and macrophages-induced inflammation resulted in miR-222 upregulation, which was reversed by EGFR inhibition. Conversely, asbestos-induced miR-126 expression was affected neither by EGFR modulation nor inflammation. Rather than methylation of the miR-126 host gene EGFL7, epigenetic mechanism involving DNMT1- and PARP1-mediated chromatin remodeling was found to upregulate of miR-126 in asbestos-exposed cells, while miR-126 was downregulated in malignant cells. Analysis of MM tissue supported the role of PARP1 in miR-126 regulation. Therefore, activation of the EGFR pathway and the PARP1-mediated epigenetic regulation both play a role in asbestos-induced miRNA expression, associated with in asbestos-induced carcinogenesis and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Gaetani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Experimental and Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federica Monaco
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Experimental and Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federica Alessandrini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Adriano Tagliabracci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Armando Sabbatini
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, United Hospitals, Ancona, 60126, Italy
| | - Massimo Bracci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Experimental and Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Matteo Valentino
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Experimental and Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- Mitochondria, Apoptosis and Cancer Research Group, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, 4222, Qld, Australia; Molecular Therapy Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, 252 50, Czech Republic
| | - Monica Amati
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Experimental and Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lory Santarelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Experimental and Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60020, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Marco Tomasetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Experimental and Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60020, Ancona, Italy.
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7
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MicroRNAs Contribute to Breast Cancer Invasiveness. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111361. [PMID: 31683635 PMCID: PMC6912645 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer statistics in 2018 highlight an 8.6 million incidence in female cancers, and 4.2 million cancer deaths globally. Moreover, breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy in females and twenty percent of these develop metastasis. This provides only a small chance for successful therapy, and identification of new molecular markers for the diagnosis and prognostic prediction of metastatic disease and development of innovative therapeutic molecules are therefore urgently required. Differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancers cause multiple changes in the expression of the tumorigenesis-promoting genes which have mostly been investigated in breast cancers. Herein, we summarize recent data on breast cancer-specific miRNA expression profiles and their participation in regulating invasive processes, in association with changes in cytoskeletal structure, cell-cell adhesion junctions, cancer cell-extracellular matrix interactions, tumor microenvironments, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions and cancer cell stem abilities. We then focused on the epigenetic regulation of individual miRNAs and their modified interactions with other regulatory genes, and reviewed the function of miRNA isoforms and exosome-mediated miRNA transfer in cancer invasiveness. Although research into miRNA’s function in cancer is still ongoing, results herein contribute to improved metastatic cancer management.
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8
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Zhang Y, Yang J, Zhou X, Wang N, Li Z, Zhou Y, Feng J, Shen D, Zhao W. Knockdown of miR-222 inhibits inflammation and the apoptosis of LPS-stimulated human intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus cells. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:1357-1365. [PMID: 31432092 PMCID: PMC6713428 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that miR‑222 is upregulated in human intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration tissues; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of action of miR‑222 in IVD tissues. Nucleus pulposus (NP) cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to simulate IVD degeneration. The expression level of miR‑222 was detected by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) in cells and tissues. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Additionally, western blot analysis was used to determine the levels of Toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4), Iκβ‑alpha (IκBα) and p65. Interleukin (IL)‑1β, tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α) and IL‑6 protein expression levels were determined by enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The target gene of miR‑222 was determined by TargetScan7.2 and dual luciferase reporter gene analysis. Western blot analysis and RT‑qPCR were used to determine the mRNA and protein levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3). The mRNA expression level of miR‑222 was found to be increased in IVD tissues and in LPS‑stimulated cells, and its expression was positively associated with the clinical MRI grade. In vitro, apoptosis was promoted/inhibited by miR‑222 mimics/inhibitors. Transfection with miR‑222 mimics/inhibitors significantly increased/decreased the production of TNF‑α, IL‑1β and IL‑6 and suppressed/enhanced collagen II and aggrecan expression. The protein levels of TLR4, p‑IκΒα and p‑p65 were upregulated/downregulated by transfection with the mimics/inhibitors. In addition, it was demonstrated that TIMP3 was a direct target gene of miR‑222, and was negatively regulated by miR‑222 in NP cells. The silencing of TIMP3 reversed the inhibitory effects of miR‑222 inhibitor on cell apoptosis, which was induced by LPS. Thus, on the whole, the findings of this study demonstrate that miR‑222 functions as a promoter of IVD development, partly via the regulation of TIMP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Spine Division, Department of Orthopedics, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110024, P.R. China
| | - Jiujie Yang
- Spine Division, Department of Orthopedics, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110024, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhou
- Spine Division, Department of Orthopedics, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110024, P.R. China
| | - Nan Wang
- Spine Division, Department of Orthopedics, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110024, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Li
- Spine Division, Department of Orthopedics, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110024, P.R. China
| | - Yubo Zhou
- Spine Division, Department of Orthopedics, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110024, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhou Feng
- Spine Division, Department of Orthopedics, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110024, P.R. China
| | - Dewei Shen
- Spine Division, Department of Orthopedics, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110024, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Spine Division, Department of Orthopedics, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110024, P.R. China
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Penolazzi L, Bonaccorsi G, Gafà R, Ravaioli N, Gabriele D, Bosi C, Lanza G, Greco P, Piva R. SLUG/HIF1-α/miR-221 regulatory circuit in endometrial cancer. Gene 2019; 711:143938. [PMID: 31220580 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The pathogenesis of endometrial cancer (EC) involves many regulatory pathways including transcriptional regulatory networks supported by transcription factors and microRNAs only in part known. The aim of this retrospective study was to explore the possible correlation in the EC microenvironment between master regulators of complex phenomena such as steroid responsiveness through estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and progesterone receptor (PR), epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (supported by SLUG transcription factor), hypoxia (with hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha, HIF-1α), and obesity that has been recognized as a EC risk factor. METHODS Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) blocks from University of Ferrara Pathology Archive were used and allocated into 2 groups according to their immunohistochemical positivity to ERα and PR, distinguishing the samples with a more benign prognosis (ERα+/PR+) from those with a poorer prognosis (ERα-/PR-). Immunohistochemistry for HIF1-α and SLUG was also performed. Body mass index (BMI) was registered at the time of diagnosis: patients with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 were defined obese (OB). Total RNA was isolated for miR-221 analysis. RESULTS We showed a comparable percentage of HIF1-α and SLUG positive samples in the ERα+/PR+ and ERα-/PR- groups. However, the obesity factor impacted more in the ERα+/PR+ group since the ratio between OB and non-obese (NOB) patients with high expression of HIF1-α and SLUG was higher in ERα+/PR+ than in the ERα-/PR- group. miR-221 levels were significantly higher in the OB than NOB patients, and, also in this case, obesity impacted more in the ERα+/PR+ group. CONCLUSIONS A molecular circuit of mutual regulation between ERα, PR, HIF1-α, SLUG and miR-221 is feasible in the EC and was firstly suggested by our research. In this interplay miR-221 seems to be in a nodal point of the regulatory system that is particularly strengthened by the metabolic changes in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Penolazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gloria Bonaccorsi
- Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, S. Anna University Hospital, Via Aldo Moro, 8, 44124 Cona, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberta Gafà
- Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, S. Anna University Hospital, Via Aldo Moro, 8, 44124 Cona, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Noemi Ravaioli
- Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, S. Anna University Hospital, Via Aldo Moro, 8, 44124 Cona, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Deborah Gabriele
- Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, S. Anna University Hospital, Via Aldo Moro, 8, 44124 Cona, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cristina Bosi
- Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, S. Anna University Hospital, Via Aldo Moro, 8, 44124 Cona, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lanza
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, S. Anna University Hospital, Via Aldo Moro, 8, 44124 Cona, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pantaleo Greco
- Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, S. Anna University Hospital, Via Aldo Moro, 8, 44124 Cona, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberta Piva
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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MiR-221 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Migration via Targeting PHF2. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4371405. [PMID: 31214616 PMCID: PMC6535842 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4371405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (MiRNAs), which regulate the gene expression leading to translational inhibition or mRNA degradation, are involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Previous studies have demonstrated that miR-221 was one of the most consistent overexpressed miRNAs in several types of cancer. However, the role of miR-221 in human liver cancer progression is not yet fully elucidated. Levels of miR-221 and plant homeodomain finger 2 (PHF2) expressions in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and cell lines were detected using western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Cell migration was studied using the transwell assays. A dual-luciferase reporter system was used to validate the target gene of miR-221. The results indicated that miR-221 promoted HCC cell migration. By performing subsequent systematic bioinformatic analyses, we found PHF2 was the target gene of miR-221 and the direct binding relationship was further validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay. In addition, lower expression of PHF2 promoted HCC cell migration and linked to worse overall survival in HCC patients. Finally, the negative correlation between miR-221 and PHF2 expression levels in HCC specimens was further confirmed. Taken together, our findings implied that miR-221 could be a potential candidate for the therapeutics of HCC metastasis.
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11
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Vahidian F, Mohammadi H, Ali-Hasanzadeh M, Derakhshani A, Mostaan M, Hemmatzadeh M, Baradaran B. MicroRNAs and breast cancer stem cells: Potential role in breast cancer therapy. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3294-3306. [PMID: 30362508 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can control cancer and cancer stem cells (CSCs), and this topic has drawn immense attention recently. Stem cells are a tiny population of a bulk of tumor cells that have enormous potential in expansion and metastasis of the tumor. miRNA have a crucial role in the management of the function of stem cells. This role is to either promote or suppress the tumor. In this review, we investigated the function and different characteristics of CSCs and function of the miRNAs that are related to them. We also demonstrated the role and efficacy of these miRNAs in breast cancer and breast cancer stem cells (BCSC). Eventually, we revealed the metastasis, tumor formation, and their role in the apoptosis process. Also, the therapeutic potential of miRNA as an effective method for the treatment of BCSC was described. Extensive research is required to investigate the employment or suppression of these miRNAs for therapeutics approached in different cancers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Vahidian
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali-Hasanzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Afshin Derakhshani
- Department of Immunology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Masoud Mostaan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad university, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Hemmatzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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12
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Sandiford OA, Moore CA, Du J, Boulad M, Gergues M, Eltouky H, Rameshwar P. Human Aging and Cancer: Role of miRNA in Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1056:137-152. [PMID: 29754179 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-74470-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human aging is an inevitable and complex phenomenon characterized by a progressive, gradual degradation of physiological and cellular processes that leads from vulnerability to death. Mammalian somatic cells display limited proliferative properties in vitro that results in a process of permanent cell cycle arrest commonly known as senescence. Events leading to cellular senescence are complex but may be due to the increase in tumor suppressor genes, caused by lifetime somatic mutations. Cumulative mutation leaves an imprint on the genome of the cell, an important risk factor for the occurrence of cancer. Adults over the age of 65+ are vulnerable to age related diseases such as cancers but such changes may begin at middle age. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are small non-coding RNA, can regulate cancer progression, recurrence and metastasis. This chapter discusses the role of miRNA in tumor microenvironment, consequent to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleta A Sandiford
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers School of Biomedical Health Science, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Caitlyn A Moore
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers School of Biomedical Health Science, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jun Du
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers School of Biomedical Health Science, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Mathieu Boulad
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers School of Biomedical Health Science, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Marina Gergues
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers School of Biomedical Health Science, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Hussam Eltouky
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers School of Biomedical Health Science, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers School of Biomedical Health Science, Newark, NJ, USA.
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13
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Bai JW, Chen MN, Wei XL, Li YC, Lin HY, Chen M, Li JW, Du CW, Man K, Zhang GJ. The zinc-finger transcriptional factor Slug transcriptionally downregulates ERα by recruiting lysine-specific demethylase 1 in human breast cancer. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e330. [PMID: 28481366 PMCID: PMC5523071 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is related with epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion and metastasis, and serves as an important therapeutic predictor and prognostic factor in breast cancer patients. The triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by loss of hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2), and lacks effective targeted therapy with poor prognosis. Unfortunately, the molecular mechanisms of ERα deficiency, which becomes hormone independent and results in resistance to endocrine therapy, remain to be elucidated in breast cancer. In this study, we observed an inverse correlation between Slug, a zinc-finger transcriptional repressor, and ERα expression in both human breast cancer tissues and cell lines. In ERα-negative breast cancer patients, high Slug messenger RNA expression showed obviously shorter relapse-free survival. We found that Slug binds to the E-box located in the promoter of estrogen receptor 1 gene (ESR1) to suppress its expression. More specifically, Slug recruits lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) to the E-box and thereby inhibits ERα expression by demethylating H3K4me2, which is evidenced by the interaction between Slug and LSD1. Moreover, the amount of H3K4me2 binding to the E-box was significantly increased after LSD1 knockdown in MDA-MB-231 cells. Functionally, the ability to proliferate, invade and metastasize was significantly suppressed after knockdown of either Slug or LSD1 alone, or both simultaneously. Taken together, these results suggest that Slug transcriptionally inhibits ERα expression by recruiting LSD1 to the ESR1 promoter in breast cancers. Thus, targeted inhibition of Slug and LSD1 may restore ERα and lead to resensitization to hormone therapy, providing a novel therapeutic strategy for ERα-negative breast cancer patients, especially for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-W Bai
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), Shantou, China
- ChangJiang Scholar’s Laboratory of SUMC, Shantou, China
| | - M-N Chen
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), Shantou, China
- ChangJiang Scholar’s Laboratory of SUMC, Shantou, China
| | - X-L Wei
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), Shantou, China
- ChangJiang Scholar’s Laboratory of SUMC, Shantou, China
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of SUMC, Shantou, China
| | - Y-Ch Li
- ChangJiang Scholar’s Laboratory of SUMC, Shantou, China
| | - H-Y Lin
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), Shantou, China
- ChangJiang Scholar’s Laboratory of SUMC, Shantou, China
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of SUMC, Shantou, China
| | - M Chen
- ChangJiang Scholar’s Laboratory of SUMC, Shantou, China
| | - J-W Li
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), Shantou, China
- ChangJiang Scholar’s Laboratory of SUMC, Shantou, China
| | - C-W Du
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), Shantou, China
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of SUMC, Shantou, China
| | - K Man
- Department of Surgery, HongKong University Li Ka-Tsing Faculty of Medicine, Hongkong, China
| | - G-J Zhang
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), Shantou, China
- ChangJiang Scholar’s Laboratory of SUMC, Shantou, China
- The Breast Center and ChangJiang Scholar’s Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 7 Raoping Road, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong, China. E-mail:
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14
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Slug-upregulated miR-221 promotes breast cancer progression through suppressing E-cadherin expression. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25798. [PMID: 27174021 PMCID: PMC4865839 DOI: 10.1038/srep25798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally regarded that E-cadherin is downregulated during tumorigenesis via Snail/Slug-mediated E-cadherin transcriptional reduction. However, this transcriptional suppressive mechanism cannot explain the failure of producing E-cadherin protein in metastatic breast cancer cells after overexpressing E-cadherin mRNA. Here we reveal a novel mechanism that E-cadherin is post-transcriptionally regulated by Slug-promoted miR-221, which serves as an additional blocker for E-cadherin expression in metastatic tumor cells. Profiling the predicted E-cadherin-targeting miRNAs in breast cancer tissues and cells showed that miR-221 was abundantly expressed in breast tumor and metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells and its level was significantly higher in breast tumor or MDA-MB-231 cells than in distal non-tumor tissue and low-metastatic MCF-7 cells, respectively. MiR-221, which level inversely correlated with E-cadherin level in breast cancer cells, targeted E-cadherin mRNA open reading frame (ORF) and suppressed E-cadherin protein expression. Depleting or increasing miR-221 level in breast cancer cells induced or decreased E-cadherin protein level, leading to suppressing or promoting tumor cell progression, respectively. Moreover, miR-221 was specifically upregulated by Slug but not Snail. TGF-β treatment enhanced Slug activity and thus increased miR-221 level in MCF-7 cells. In summary, our results provide the first evidence that Slug-upregulated miR-221 promotes breast cancer progression via reducing E-cadherin expression.
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15
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Targeting oncomiRNAs and mimicking tumor suppressor miRNAs: Νew trends in the development of miRNA therapeutic strategies in oncology (Review). Int J Oncol 2016; 49:5-32. [PMID: 27175518 PMCID: PMC4902075 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA or miR) therapeutics in cancer are based on targeting or mimicking miRNAs involved in cancer onset, progression, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis. Several studies conclusively have demonstrated that miRNAs are deeply involved in tumor onset and progression, either behaving as tumor-promoting miRNAs (oncomiRNAs and metastamiRNAs) or as tumor suppressor miRNAs. This review focuses on the most promising examples potentially leading to the development of anticancer, miRNA-based therapeutic protocols. The inhibition of miRNA activity can be readily achieved by the use of miRNA inhibitors and oligomers, including RNA, DNA and DNA analogues (miRNA antisense therapy), small molecule inhibitors, miRNA sponges or through miRNA masking. On the contrary, the enhancement of miRNA function (miRNA replacement therapy) can be achieved by the use of modified miRNA mimetics, such as plasmid or lentiviral vectors carrying miRNA sequences. Combination strategies have been recently developed based on the observation that i) the combined administration of different antagomiR molecules induces greater antitumor effects and ii) some anti-miR molecules can sensitize drug-resistant tumor cell lines to therapeutic drugs. In this review, we discuss two additional issues: i) the combination of miRNA replacement therapy with drug administration and ii) the combination of antagomiR and miRNA replacement therapy. One of the solid results emerging from different independent studies is that miRNA replacement therapy can enhance the antitumor effects of the antitumor drugs. The second important conclusion of the reviewed studies is that the combination of anti-miRNA and miRNA replacement strategies may lead to excellent results, in terms of antitumor effects.
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16
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Sun Y, Cai J, Yu S, Chen S, Li F, Fan C. MiR-630 Inhibits Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Targeting Slug in Traumatic Heterotopic Ossification. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22729. [PMID: 26940839 PMCID: PMC4778133 DOI: 10.1038/srep22729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the abnormal formation of mature bone in extraskeletal soft tissues that occurs as a result of inflammation caused by traumatic injury or associated with genetic mutation. Despite extensive research to identify the source of osteogenic progenitors, the cellular origins of HO are controversial and the underlying mechanisms, which are important for the early detection of HO, remain unclear. Here, we used in vitro and in vivo models of BMP4 and TGF-β2-induced HO to identify the cellular origin and the mechanisms mediating the formation of ectopic bone in traumatic HO. Our results suggest an endothelial origin of ectopic bone in early phase of traumatic HO and indicate that the inhibition of endothelial-mesenchymal transition by miR-630 targeting Slug plays a role in the formation of ectopic bone in HO. A matched case-control study showed that miR-630 is specifically downregulated during the early stages of HO and can be used to distinguish HO from other processes leading to bone formation. Our findings suggest a potential mechanism of post-traumatic ectopic bone formation and identify miR-630 as a potential early indicator of HO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangbai Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jiangyu Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Shiyang Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Fengfeng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
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17
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Hemmatzadeh M, Mohammadi H, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Asghari F, Yousefi M. The role of oncomirs in the pathogenesis and treatment of breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 78:129-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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18
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Roscigno G, Quintavalle C, Donnarumma E, Puoti I, Diaz-Lagares A, Iaboni M, Fiore D, Russo V, Todaro M, Romano G, Thomas R, Cortino G, Gaggianesi M, Esteller M, Croce CM, Condorelli G. MiR-221 promotes stemness of breast cancer cells by targeting DNMT3b. Oncotarget 2016; 7:580-92. [PMID: 26556862 PMCID: PMC4808019 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small part of the heterogeneous tumor cell population possessing self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential as well as a great ability to sustain tumorigenesis. The molecular pathways underlying CSC phenotype are not yet well characterized. MicroRNAs (miRs) are small noncoding RNAs that play a powerful role in biological processes. Early studies have linked miRs to the control of self-renewal and differentiation in normal and cancer stem cells. We aimed to study the functional role of miRs in human breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), also named mammospheres. We found that miR-221 was upregulated in BCSCs compared to their differentiated counterpart. Similarly, mammospheres from T47D cells had an increased level of miR-221 compared to differentiated cells. Transfection of miR-221 in T47D cells increased the number of mammospheres and the expression of stem cell markers. Among miR-221's targets, we identified DNMT3b. Furthermore, in BCSCs we found that DNMT3b repressed the expression of various stemness genes, such as Nanog and Oct 3/4, acting on the methylation of their promoters, partially reverting the effect of miR-221 on stemness. We hypothesize that miR-221 contributes to breast cancer tumorigenicity by regulating stemness, at least in part through the control of DNMT3b expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Roscigno
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- IEOS-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Quintavalle
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- IEOS-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Puoti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Angel Diaz-Lagares
- Epigenetic and Cancer Biology Program (PEBC) IDIBELL, Hospital Duran I Reynals, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margherita Iaboni
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Danilo Fiore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Russo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Matilde Todaro
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology Laboratory, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Romano
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Renato Thomas
- Department of Surgical and Oncology, Clinica Mediterranea, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Cortino
- Department of Surgical and Oncology, Clinica Mediterranea, Naples, Italy
| | - Miriam Gaggianesi
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology Laboratory, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Manel Esteller
- Epigenetic and Cancer Biology Program (PEBC) IDIBELL, Hospital Duran I Reynals, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlo M. Croce
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gerolama Condorelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- IEOS-CNR, Naples, Italy
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19
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Brognara E, Fabbri E, Montagner G, Gasparello J, Manicardi A, Corradini R, Bianchi N, Finotti A, Breveglieri G, Borgatti M, Lampronti I, Milani R, Dechecchi MC, Cabrini G, Gambari R. High levels of apoptosis are induced in human glioma cell lines by co-administration of peptide nucleic acids targeting miR-221 and miR-222. Int J Oncol 2015; 48:1029-38. [PMID: 26708164 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological activity of a combined treatment of U251, U373 and T98G glioma cell lines with two anti-miR PNAs, directed against miR‑221 and miR‑222 and conjugated with an ocataarginine tail (R8-PNA-a221 and R8-PNA-a222) for efficient cellular delivery, was determined. Apoptosis was analyzed, and the effect of the combined treatment of glioma cells with either or both PNAs on the reversion of drug-resistance phenotype was assessed in the temozolomide-resistant T98G glioma cell line. Selectivity of PNA/miRNA interactions was studied by surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based Biacore analysis. Specificity of the PNA effects at the cellular level was analyzed by RT-qPCR. These experiments support the concept that the effects of R8-PNA-a221 and R8-PNA-a222 are specific. The studies on apoptosis confirmed that the R8-PNA-a221 induces apoptosis and demonstrated the pro-apoptotic effects of R8-PNA-a222. Remarkably, increased pro-apoptotic effects were obtained with the co-administration of both anti-miR‑221 and anti-miR‑222 PNAs. In addition, co-administration of R8-PNA-a221 and R8-PNA-a222 induced apoptosis of TMZ-treated T98G cells at a level higher than that obtained following singular administration of R8-PNA-a221 or R8-PNA-a222.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Brognara
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Enrica Fabbri
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia Montagner
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Jessica Gasparello
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alex Manicardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Nicoletta Bianchi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessia Finotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia Breveglieri
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Monica Borgatti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Lampronti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberta Milani
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Giulio Cabrini
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, University-Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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20
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Cătană CS, Calin GA, Berindan-Neagoe I. Inflamma-miRs in Aging and Breast Cancer: Are They Reliable Players? Front Med (Lausanne) 2015; 2:85. [PMID: 26697428 PMCID: PMC4678211 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2015.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human aging is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation known as “inflammaging.” Persistent low-level inflammation also plays a key role in all stages of breast cancer since “inflammaging” is the potential link between cancer and aging through NF-kB pathways highly influenced by specific miRs. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at a posttranscriptional level. Inflamma-miRs have been implicated in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. Their abnormal expression contributes to the chronic pro-inflammatory status documented in normal aging and major age-related diseases (ARDs), inflammaging being a significant mortality risk factor in both cases. Nevertheless, the correct diagnosis of inflammaging is difficult to make and its hidden contribution to negative health outcomes remains unknown. This methodological work flow was aimed at defining crucial unanswered questions about inflammaging that can be used to clarify aging-related miRNAs in serum and cell lines as well as their targets, thus confirming their role in aging and breast cancer tumorigenesis. Moreover, we aim to highlight the links between the pro-inflammatory mechanism underlying the cancer and aging processes and the precise function of certain miRNAs in cellular senescence (CS). In addition, miRNAs and cancer genes represent the basis for new therapeutic findings indicating that both cancer and ARDs genes are possible candidates involved in CS and vice versa. Our goal is to obtain a focused review that could facilitate future approaches in the investigation of the mechanisms by which miRNAs control the aging process by acting as efficient ARDs inflammatory biomarkers. An understanding of the sources and modulation of inflamma-miRs along with the identification of their specific target genes could enhance their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sorina Cătană
- Department of Biochemistry, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj Napoca , Romania
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas , Houston, TX , USA ; Non-Coding RNA Center, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas , Houston, TX , USA
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas , Houston, TX , USA ; Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Institute of Doctoral Studies, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania ; Department of Experimental Pathology, Ion Chiricuta Institute of Oncology , Cluj Napoca , Romania
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21
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Molecular mechanisms of microRNAs in regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in human cancers. Cancer Lett 2015; 371:301-13. [PMID: 26683775 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) provides a strong driving force in the progression of various human cancers and the development of chemoresistance. Recently, numbers of studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs), by post-transcriptionally silencing EMT-related molecules, can promote or inhibit the EMT process and play pivotal roles in effectively manipulating the occurrence, development, invasion, and metastasis of cancers. MiRNAs can also control the EMT or be controlled by genetic modification and mutual regulation, especially negative feedback. Therefore, miRNAs can be viewed as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes to facilitate or retard the EMT, resulting in far-reaching impact on tumor metastasis and effective diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
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22
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Wu L, Wang Y, Liu Y, Yu S, Xie H, Shi X, Qin S, Ma F, Tan TZ, Thiery JP, Chen L. A central role for TRPS1 in the control of cell cycle and cancer development. Oncotarget 2015; 5:7677-90. [PMID: 25277197 PMCID: PMC4202153 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic cell cycle is controlled by a complex regulatory network, which is still poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that TRPS1, an atypical GATA factor, modulates cell proliferation and controls cell cycle progression. Silencing TRPS1 had a differential effect on the expression of nine key cell cycle-related genes. Eight of these genes are known to be involved in the regulation of the G2 phase and the G2/M transition of the cell cycle. Using cell synchronization studies, we confirmed that TRPS1 plays an important role in the control of cells in these phases of the cell cycle. We also show that silencing TRPS1 controls the expression of 53BP1, but not TP53. TRPS1 silencing also decreases the expression of two histone deacetylases, HDAC2 and HDAC4, as well as the overall HDAC activity in the cells, and leads to the subsequent increase in the acetylation of histone4 K16 but not of histone3 K9 or K18. Finally, we demonstrate that TRPS1 expression is elevated in luminal breast cancer cells and luminal breast cancer tissues as compared with other breast cancer subtypes. Overall, our study proposes that TRPS1 acts as a central hub in the control of cell cycle and proliferation during cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China. Contributed equally to this work
| | - Yuzhi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China. Contributed equally to this work
| | - Yan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Shiyi Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Hao Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xingjuan Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Sheng Qin
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore
| | - Jean Paul Thiery
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore. Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore. Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore
| | - Liming Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
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23
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Eissa S, Matboli M, Sharawy A, El-Sharkawi F. Prognostic and biological significance of microRNA-221 in breast cancer. Gene 2015; 574:163-7. [PMID: 26253160 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer (BC) is the most notorious cancer between females with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the differential expression of breast tissues microRNA-221 (miR-221) and assess its prognostic and biological significance in breast cancer (BC). METHODS A quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qPCR) assay was performed to detect the expression of breast tissue miR-221 in different subtypes of BC (n=76) and controls (n=36) and its correlations with clinicopathological factors of patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses using the Cox proportional hazards model were performed to analyze the prognostic significance of miR-221 expression. RESULT Our data indicated that the relative level of miR-221 expression in BC tissues was significantly higher than that in noncancerous breast tissues (p<0.01). Of 76 BC patients, 62 (81.6%) were positive cases. By statistical analyses, high miR-221 expression was observed to be closely correlated with advanced clinical stage (p<0.01). Moreover, patients with high miR-221 expression had worse 5-year relapse free survival (p=0.0124). Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that high miR-221 expression was an independent poor prognostic factor for BC patients. CONCLUSION miR-221 is a potential biomarker for predicting the survival of BC patients and may be a molecular therapeutic target for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa Eissa
- Oncology Diagnostic Unit, Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, P.O. Box 11381, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Matboli
- Oncology Diagnostic Unit, Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, P.O. Box 11381, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Sharawy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Fathia El-Sharkawi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Egypt.
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Angelozzi M, Miotto M, Penolazzi L, Mazzitelli S, Keane T, Badylak SF, Piva R, Nastruzzi C. Composite ECM-alginate microfibers produced by microfluidics as scaffolds with biomineralization potential. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 56:141-53. [PMID: 26249575 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach to produce artificial bone composites (microfibers) with distinctive features mimicking natural tissue was investigated. Currently proposed inorganic materials (e.g. apatite matrixes) lack self-assembly and thereby limit interactions between cells and the material. The present work investigates the feasibility of creating "bio-inspired materials" specifically designed to overcome certain limitations inherent to current biomaterials. We examined the dimensions, morphology, and constitutive features of a composite hydrogel which combined an alginate based microfiber with a gelatin solution or a particulate form of urinary bladder matrix (UBM). The effectiveness of the composite microfibers to induce and modulate osteoblastic differentiation in three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds without altering the viability and morphological characteristics of the cells was investigated. The present study describes a novel alginate microfiber production method with the use of microfluidics. The microfluidic procedure allowed for precise tuning of microfibers which resulted in enhanced viability and function of embedded cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Angelozzi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Miotto
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Letizia Penolazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Mazzitelli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Timothy Keane
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephen F Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Roberta Piva
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudio Nastruzzi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Goh JN, Loo SY, Datta A, Siveen KS, Yap WN, Cai W, Shin EM, Wang C, Kim JE, Chan M, Dharmarajan AM, Lee ASG, Lobie PE, Yap CT, Kumar AP. microRNAs in breast cancer: regulatory roles governing the hallmarks of cancer. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 91:409-28. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jen N. Goh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117599 Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117599 Singapore
| | - Ser Y. Loo
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117599 Singapore
- Department of Physiology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117597 Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Singapore 138672 Singapore
| | - Arpita Datta
- Department of Physiology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117597 Singapore
| | - Kodappully S. Siveen
- Department of Pharmacology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117599 Singapore
| | - Wei N. Yap
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117599 Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117599 Singapore
| | - Wanpei Cai
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117599 Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117599 Singapore
| | - Eun M. Shin
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117599 Singapore
| | - Chao Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117599 Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117599 Singapore
| | - Ji E. Kim
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117599 Singapore
| | - Maurice Chan
- Division of Medical Sciences; National Cancer Centre; Singapore 169610 Singapore
| | - Arun M. Dharmarajan
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences Research Precinct, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University; 6845 Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Ann S.-G. Lee
- Department of Physiology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117597 Singapore
- Division of Medical Sciences; National Cancer Centre; Singapore 169610 Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School; Singapore 169857 Singapore
| | - Peter E. Lobie
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117599 Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117599 Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute; Singapore 1192288 Singapore
| | - Celestial T. Yap
- Department of Physiology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117597 Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute; Singapore 1192288 Singapore
| | - Alan P. Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117599 Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117599 Singapore
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences Research Precinct, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University; 6845 Perth Western Australia Australia
- National University Cancer Institute; Singapore 1192288 Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of North Texas; Denton TX 76203-5017 U.S.A
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Fra-1/AP-1 induces EMT in mammary epithelial cells by modulating Zeb1/2 and TGFβ expression. Cell Death Differ 2014; 22:336-50. [PMID: 25301070 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is essential for embryonic morphogenesis and wound healing and critical for tumour cell invasion and dissemination. The AP-1 transcription factor Fra-1 has been implicated in tumorigenesis and in tumour-associated EMT in human breast cancer. We observed a significant inverse correlation between Fra-1 mRNA expression and distant-metastasis-free survival in a large cohort of breast cancer patients derived from multiple array data sets. This unique correlation among Fos genes prompted us to assess the evolutionary conservation between Fra-1 functions in EMT of human and mouse cells. Ectopic expression of Fra-1 in fully polarized, non-tumourigenic, mouse mammary epithelial EpH4 cells induced a mesenchymal phenotype, characterized by a loss of epithelial and gain of mesenchymal markers. Proliferation, motility and invasiveness were also increased in the resulting EpFra1 cells, and the cells were tumourigenic and efficiently colonized the lung upon transplantation. Molecular analyses revealed increased expression of Tgfβ1 and the EMT-inducing transcription factors Zeb1, Zeb2 and Slug. Mechanistically, Fra-1 binds to the tgfb1 and zeb2 promoters and to an evolutionarily conserved region in the first intron of zeb1. Furthermore, increased activity of a zeb2 promoter reporter was detected in EpFra1 cells and shown to depend on AP-1-binding sites. Inhibiting TGFβ signalling in EpFra1 cells moderately increased the expression of epithelial markers, whereas silencing of zeb1 or zeb2 restored the epithelial phenotype and decreased migration in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo. Thus Fra-1 induces changes in the expression of genes encoding EMT-related transcription factors leading to the acquisition of mesenchymal, invasive and tumorigenic capacities by epithelial cells. This study defines a novel function of Fra-1/AP-1 in modulating tgfb1, zeb1 and zeb2 expression through direct binding to genomic regulatory regions, which establishes a basis for future in vivo genetic manipulations and preclinical studies using mouse models.
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Xue J, Niu J, Wu J, Wu ZH. MicroRNAs in cancer therapeutic response: Friend and foe. World J Clin Oncol 2014; 5:730-743. [PMID: 25302173 PMCID: PMC4129536 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v5.i4.730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer initiation and development engage extremely complicated pathological processes which involve alterations of a large number of cell signaling cascades and functional networks in temporal and spatial orders. During last decades, microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of non-coding RNAs, have emerged as critical players in cancer pathogenesis and progression by modulating many pathological aspects related to tumor development, growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. The major function of miRNAs is to post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression depending on recognition of complementary sequence residing in target mRNAs. Commonly, a particular miRNA recognition sequence could be found in a number of genes, which allows a single miRNA to regulate multiple functionally connected genes simultaneously and/or chronologically. Furthermore, a single gene can be targeted and regulated by multiple miRNAs. However, previous studies have demonstrated that miRNA functions are highly context-dependent, which leads to distinct pathological outcomes in different types of cancer as well as at different stages by alteration of the same miRNA. Here we summarize recent progress in studies on miRNA function in cancer initiation, metastasis and therapeutic response, focusing on breast cancer. The varying functions of miRNAs and potential application of using miRNAs as biomarkers as well as therapeutic approaches are further discussed in the context of different cancers.
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Venkatesan N, Deepa P, Vasudevan M, Khetan V, Reddy AM, Krishnakumar S. Integrated Analysis of Dysregulated miRNA-gene Expression in HMGA2-silenced Retinoblastoma Cells. Bioinform Biol Insights 2014; 8:177-91. [PMID: 25232279 PMCID: PMC4159370 DOI: 10.4137/bbi.s16958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is a primary childhood eye cancer. HMGA2 shows promise as a molecule for targeted therapy. The involvement of miRNAs in genome-level molecular dys-regulation in HMGA2-silenced RB cells is poorly understood. Through miRNA expression microarray profiling, and an integrated array analysis of the HMGA2-silenced RB cells, the dysregulated miRNAs and the miRNA-target relationships were modelled. Loop network analysis revealed a regulatory association between the transcription factor (SOX5) and the deregulated miRNAs (miR-29a, miR-9*, miR-9-3). Silencing of HMGA2 deregulated the vital oncomirs (miR-7, miR-331, miR-26a, miR-221, miR-17~92 and miR-106b∼25) in RB cells. From this list, the role of the miR-106b∼25 cluster was examined further for its expression in primary RB tumor tissues (n = 20). The regulatory targets of miR-106b∼25 cluster namely p21 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor) and BIM (pro-apoptotic gene) were elevated, and apoptotic cell death was observed, in RB tumor cells treated with the specific antagomirs of the miR-106b∼25 cluster. Thus, suppression of miR-106b∼25 cluster controls RB tumor growth. Taken together, HMGA2 mediated anti-tumor effect present in RB is, in part, mediated through the miR-106b∼25 cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini Venkatesan
- Larsen and Toubro Department of Ocular Pathology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India. ; Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pr Deepa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) - Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Vikas Khetan
- Sri Bhagawan Mahavir Department of Vitreoretinal and Ocular Oncology, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Ashwin M Reddy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Subramanian Krishnakumar
- Larsen and Toubro Department of Ocular Pathology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
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Minami Y, Kohsaka S, Tsuda M, Yachi K, Hatori N, Tanino M, Kimura T, Nishihara H, Minami A, Iwasaki N, Tanaka S. SS18-SSX-regulated miR-17 promotes tumor growth of synovial sarcoma by inhibiting p21WAF1/CIP1. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:1152-9. [PMID: 24989082 PMCID: PMC4462386 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) can function as tumor suppressors or oncogenes, and also as potential specific cancer biomarkers; however, there are few published studies on miRNA in synovial sarcomas, and their function remains unclear. We transfected the OncomiR miRNA Precursor Virus Library into synovial sarcoma Fuji cells followed by a colony formation assay to identify miRNAs to confer an aggressive tumorigenicity, and identified miR-17-5p from the large colonies. MiR-17 was found to be induced by a chimeric oncoprotein SS18-SSX specific for synovial sarcoma, and all examined cases of human synovial sarcoma expressed miR-17, even at high levels in several cases. Overexpression of miR-17 in synovial sarcoma cells, Fuji and HS-SYII, increased colony forming ability in addition to cell growth, but not cell motility and invasion. Tumor volume formed in mice in vivo was significantly increased by miR-17 overexpression with a marked increase of MIB-1 index. According to PicTar and Miranda algorithms, which predicted CDKN1A (p21) as a putative target of miR-17, a luciferase assay was performed and revealed that miR-17 directly targets the 3′-UTR of p21 mRNA. Indeed, p21 protein level was remarkably decreased by miR-17 overexpression in a p53-independent manner. It is noteworthy that miR-17 succeeded in suppressing doxorubicin-evoked higher expression of p21 and conferred the drug resistance. Meanwhile, introduction of anti-miR-17 in Fuji and HS-SYII cells significantly decreased cell growth, consistent with rescued expression of p21. Taken together, miR-17 promotes the tumor growth of synovial sarcomas by post-transcriptional suppression of p21, which may be amenable to innovative therapeutic targeting in synovial sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Minami
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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microRNA alterations in ALDH positive mammary epithelial cells: a crucial contributing factor towards breast cancer risk reduction in case of early pregnancy. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:644. [PMID: 25176219 PMCID: PMC4167510 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background microRNAs have recently succeeded in grabbing the center stage in cancer research for their potential to regulate vital cellular process like cell cycle, stem cell renewal and epithelial mesenchymal transition. Breast cancer is the second most leading cause of cancer related mortality in women. The main reason for mortality is chemoresistance and metastasis for which remnant stem cells are believed to be the cause. One of the natural ways to reduce the risk of breast cancer in women is early pregnancy. Unraveling the mechanism behind it would add to our knowledge and help in evolving newer paradigms for breast cancer prevention. The current study deals with investigating transcriptomic differences in putative stem cells in mammary epithelial cell population (MECs) in terms of genes and microRNAs. In silico tools were used to identify potential mechanisms. ALDH positive MECs represent a putative stem cell population in the mammary gland. Methods MECs were extracted from the mammary gland of virgin and parous (one time pregnant) rats. ALDH positive MECs were sorted and used for transcriptional and translational analysis for genes and microRNAs. In silico analysis for target prediction and networking was performed through online portals of Target Scan and Metacore. Results A total of 35 and 49 genes and microRNAs respectively were found to be differentially expressed within the two groups. Among the important genes were Lifr, Acvr1c, and Pparγ which were found to be targeted by microRNAs in our dataset like miR-143, miR-30, miR-140, miR-27b, miR-125a, miR-128ab, miR-342, miR-26ab, miR-181, miR-150, miR-23ab and miR-425. In silico data mining and networking also demonstrates that genes and microRNA interaction can have profound effects on stem cell renewal, cell cycle dynamics and EMT processes of the MEC population. Conclusions Our data clearly shows that certain microRNAs play crucial role in the regulation of ALDH positive MECs and favor an anti-carcinogenic environment in the post-partum gland. Some of the potential interplaying mechanisms in the ALDH positive MEC population identified through this study are p21, Lifr and Pparγ mediated cell cycle regulation, regulation of metastasis and expansion of stem cell pool respectively. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-644) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Dong P, Konno Y, Watari H, Hosaka M, Noguchi M, Sakuragi N. The impact of microRNA-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling on epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stemness in endometrial cancer. J Transl Med 2014; 12:231. [PMID: 25141911 PMCID: PMC4145234 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, a common mechanism in all subtypes of endometrial cancers (endometrioid and non-endometrioid tumors), has important roles in contributing to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell (CSC) features. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that concurrently affect multiple target genes, and regulate a wide range of genes involved in modulating EMT and CSC properties. Here we overview the recent advances revealing the impact of miRNAs on EMT and CSC phenotypes in tumors including endometrial cancer via regulating PI3K/AKT pathway. MiRNAs are crucial mediators of EMT and CSC through targeting PTEN-PI3K-AKT-mTOR axis. In endometrial cancer cells, miRNAs can activate or attenuate EMT and CSC by targeting PTEN and other EMT-associated genes, such as Twist1, ZEB1 and BMI-1. More detailed studies of miRNAs will deepen our understanding of the molecular basis underlying PI3K/AKT-induced endometrial cancer initiation and progression. Targeting key signaling components of PI3K/AKT pathway by restoring or inhibiting miRNA function holds promise as a potential therapeutic approach to suppress EMT and CSC in endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Dong
- Department of Women's Health Educational System, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Sapporo 0608638, Japan.
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Lolli A, Lambertini E, Penolazzi L, Angelozzi M, Morganti C, Franceschetti T, Pelucchi S, Gambari R, Piva R. Pro-Chondrogenic Effect of miR-221 and Slug Depletion in Human MSCs. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 10:841-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9532-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Seven M, Karatas OF, Duz MB, Ozen M. The role of miRNAs in cancer: from pathogenesis to therapeutic implications. Future Oncol 2014; 10:1027-48. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Cancer is still one of the dominating causes of deaths worldwide, although there have been important enhancements for detection and diagnosis of cancer recently. miRNAs are shown to participate in carcinogenesis of several types of tumors and their aberrant expression of miRNAs has been detected in cell lines, xenografts and clinical samples. miRNAs are thought to target and modulate the expression of more than 60% of human genes, which makes the expressional regulation by miRNAs the most abundant post-transcriptional regulation mode. Here, we have reviewed the most current literature to shed a light on the functions of miRNAs on human carcinogenesis. Possible roles of miRNAs in oncogenesis through both genetic and epigenetic changes occurring during cancer initiation, progression, invasion or metastasis are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Seven
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omer Faruk Karatas
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
- Molecular Biology & Genetics Department, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bugrahan Duz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Pathology & Immunology Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Uptake by human glioma cell lines and biological effects of a peptide-nucleic acids targeting miR-221. J Neurooncol 2014; 118:19-28. [PMID: 24595467 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1405-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a family of small noncoding RNAs regulating gene expression by sequence-selective mRNA targeting, leading to a translational repression or mRNA degradation. The oncomiR miR-221 is highly expressed in human gliomas, as confirmed in this study in samples of low and high grade gliomas, as well in the cell lines U251, U373 and T98G. In order to alter the biological functions of miR-221, a peptide nucleic acid targeting miR-221 (R8-PNA-a221) was produced, bearing a oligoarginine peptide (R8) to facilitate uptake by glioma cells. The effects of R8-PNA-a221 were analyzed in U251, U373 and T98G glioma cells and found to strongly inhibit miR-221. In addition, the effects of R8-PNA-a221 on p27(Kip1) (a target of miR-221) were analyzed in U251 and T98G cells by RT-qPCR and by Western blotting. No change of p27(Kip1) mRNA content occurs in U251 cells in the presence of PNA-a221 (lacking the R8 peptide), whereas significant increase of p27(Kip1) mRNA was observed with the R8-PNA-a221. These data were confirmed by Western blot assay. A clear increment of p27(Kip1) protein expression in the samples treated with R8-PNA-a221 was detected. In addition, R8-PNA-a221 was found able to increase TIMP3 expression (another target of miR-221) in T98G cells. These results suggest that PNAs against oncomiRNA miR-221 might be proposed for experimental treatment of human gliomas.
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Hu J, Su P, Jia M, Wu X, Zhang H, Li W, Zhou G. TRPS1 expression promotes angiogenesis and affects VEGFA expression in breast cancer. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:423-9. [PMID: 24595984 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214523904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a hallmark of the malignant process in breast cancer in which vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) plays an important role. Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 (TRPS1) is a GATA-type transcription factor and is involved in trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1. To investigate the role of TRPS1 in breast cancer angiogenesis, we analyzed the expression of TRPS1 and microvessel density (MVD) marker CD31 by immunohistochemistry in 117 paraffin-embedded breast tissues. TRPS1 expression was positively correlated with CD31. We further investigated whether TRPS1 induces human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration and VEGFA expression of breast cancer cells. The over-expression of TRPS1 induced a significant increase in HUVEC migration accompanied by VEGFA up-regulation in transfected cells. In contrast, knockdown of TRPS1 decreased the induction of HUVEC migration and significantly down-regulated VEGFA expression. Furthermore, endogenous TRPS1 was present in the VEGFA promoter, as determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Taken together, this study showed that TRPS1 promotes angiogenesis and affects VEGFA expression in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012 P.R. China
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Bao Y, Ruan LJ, Mo JF. Low trichorhinophalangeal syndrome 1 gene transcript levels in basal-like breast cancer associate with mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 28:129-34. [PMID: 24074613 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-9294(13)60037-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate trichorhinophalangeal syndrome 1 gene (TRPS-1) expression patterns in different subtypes of breast cancer and its correlations with other genes and survival using microarray data sets. METHODS The transcripts of TRPS-1 and its role in survival in breast cancer were analyzed using published microarray data sets#x02014;Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI) cohort and Wang cohort. RESULTS TRPS-1 expression was lower in basal-like breast cancer. The mRNA levels of TRPS-1 negatively correlated with Slug (Pearson correlation coefficient=-0.1366, P=0.0189 in NKI data set and Pearson correlation coefficient=-0.1571, P=0.0078 in Wang data set), FOXC1 (Pearson correlation coefficient=-0.1211, P=0.0376 in NKI data set and Pearson correlation coefficient=-0.1709, P=0.0037 in Wang data set), and CXCL1 (Pearson correlation coefficient=-0.1197, P=0.0399 in NKI data set and Pearson correlation coefficient=-0.3436, P<0.0001 in Wang data set), but positively correlated with BRCA1 (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.1728, P=0.0029 in NKI data set and Pearson correlation coefficient=0.1805, P=0.0022 in Wang data set). Low TRPS-1 expression associated with poor overall survival (hazard ratio 1.79, 95% CI of ratio 0.9894 to 3.238, P=0.054) and relapse-free survival (hazard ratio 1.913, 95% CI of ratio 1.159 to 3.156, P<0.05). The low TRPS-1 mRNA levels predicted poor outcome in breast cancer patients by the 70-gene signature. CONCLUSION The strong expression of TRPS-1 may serve as a good prognostic marker in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Bao
- Key Laboratory, Jiaxing Second Hospital, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China
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Lack of significant association between plasma/serum miR-221 expression and poor survival of carcinoma: a meta-analysis. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:394030. [PMID: 24319365 PMCID: PMC3835336 DOI: 10.1155/2013/394030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) exhibit altered expression levels in cancers, and they may play a potential role as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of cancers. The aim of this meta-analysis was to summarize recent advances in miR-221 involvement in a variety of carcinomas and derive a more precise estimation of the relationship between circulating miR-221 level and survival of cancer patients. Methods. We searched online PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library up to August 2013 to identify relevant studies. Data were collected from studies comparing survival in patients with various carcinomas with higher miR-221 expression to those with lower levels. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) of miR-221 for survival were calculated. Results. There were 4 studies included in the meta-analysis. The results of meta-analysis suggested that no significant difference in poor overall survival between miR-221 high and low groups (OR = 0.94, 95%, CI = 0.47-1.87, Z = 0.17, and P = 0.863). Conclusions. The current meta-analysis showed the equivalence of high and low plasma/serum miR-221 expression for carcinomas in terms of survival.
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Storci G, Bertoni S, De Carolis S, Papi A, Nati M, Ceccarelli C, Pirazzini C, Garagnani P, Ferrarini A, Buson G, Delledonne M, Fiorentino M, Capizzi E, Gruppioni E, Taffurelli M, Santini D, Franceschi C, Bandini G, Bonifazi F, Bonafé M. Slug/β-catenin-dependent proinflammatory phenotype in hypoxic breast cancer stem cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 183:1688-1697. [PMID: 24036252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cell survival relies on the activation of inflammatory pathways, which is speculatively triggered by cell autonomous mechanisms or by microenvironmental stimuli. Here, we observed that hypoxic bone marrow stroma-derived transforming growth factor-β 1 promotes the growth of human breast cancer stem cells as mammospheres. The ensuing Slug-dependent serine 139 phosphorylation of the DNA damage sensor H2AX in breast cancer stem cells induces tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-8 mRNAs, whose stability is enhanced by cytoplasmic β-catenin. β-Catenin also up-regulates and binds miR-221, reducing the stability of the miR-221 targets Rad51 and ERα mRNAs. Our data show that the Slug/β-catenin-dependent activation of DNA damage signaling triggered by the hypoxic microenvironment sustains the proinflammatory phenotype of breast cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Storci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Sara Bertoni
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabrina De Carolis
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessio Papi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Functional Genomics Center, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marina Nati
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Ceccarelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Pirazzini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Ferrarini
- Department of Biotechnologies, Functional Genomics Center, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Genny Buson
- Department of Biotechnologies, Functional Genomics Center, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Delledonne
- Department of Biotechnologies, Functional Genomics Center, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Fiorentino
- Pathology Unit, Addarii Institute of Oncology, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Capizzi
- Pathology Unit, Addarii Institute of Oncology, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Gruppioni
- Pathology Unit, Addarii Institute of Oncology, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mario Taffurelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Donatella Santini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bandini
- Institute of Haematology "L & A Seragnoli", St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Bonifazi
- Institute of Haematology "L & A Seragnoli", St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Bonafé
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
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Piva R, Spandidos DA, Gambari R. From microRNA functions to microRNA therapeutics: novel targets and novel drugs in breast cancer research and treatment (Review). Int J Oncol 2013; 43:985-94. [PMID: 23939688 PMCID: PMC3829774 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are a family of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by the sequence-selective targeting of mRNAs, leading to translational repression or mRNA degradation, depending on the degree of complementarity with target mRNA sequences. miRNAs play a crucial role in cancer. In the case of breast tumors, several studies have demonstrated a correlation between: i) the expression profile of oncogenic miRNAs (oncomiRs) or tumor suppressor miRNAs and ii) the tumorigenic potential of triple-negative [estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and Her2/neu] primary breast cancers. Among the miRNAs involved in breast cancer, miR-221 plays a crucial role for the following reasons: i) miR-221 is significantly overexpressed in triple-negative primary breast cancers; ii) the oncosuppressor p27
Kip1
, a validated miR-221 target, is downregulated in aggressive cancer cell lines; and iii) the upregulation of a key transcription factor, Slug, appears to be crucial, since it binds to the miR-221/miR-222 promoter and is responsible for the high expression of the miR-221/miR-222 cluster in breast cancer cells. A Slug/miR-221 network has been suggested, linking miR-221 activity with the downregulation of a Slug repressor, leading to Slug/miR-221 upregulation and p27
Kip1
downregulation. Interference with this process can be achieved using antisense miRNA (antagomiR) molecules targeting miR-221, inducing the down-regulation of Slug and the upregulation of p27
Kip1
.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Piva
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
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Nassirpour R, Mehta PP, Baxi SM, Yin MJ. miR-221 promotes tumorigenesis in human triple negative breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62170. [PMID: 23637992 PMCID: PMC3634767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) typically have a poor prognosis. TNBCs are characterized by their resistance to apoptosis, aggressive cellular proliferation, migration and invasion, and currently lack molecular markers and effective targeted therapy. Recently, miR-221/miR-222 have been shown to regulate ERα expression and ERα-mediated signaling in luminal breast cancer cells, and also to promote EMT in TNBCs. In this study, we characterized the role of miR-221 in a panel of TNBCs as compared to other breast cancer types. miR-221 knockdown not only blocked cell cycle progression, induced cell apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation in-vitro but it also inhibited in-vivo tumor growth by targeting p27(kip1). Furthermore, miR-221 knockdown inhibited cell migration and invasion by altering E-cadherin expression, and its regulatory transcription factors Snail and Slug in human TNBC cell lines. Therefore, miR-221 functions as an oncogene and is essential in regulating tumorigenesis in TNBCs both in vitro as well as in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rounak Nassirpour
- Oncology Research, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Pramod P. Mehta
- Oncology Research, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Sangita M. Baxi
- Oncology Research, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Min-Jean Yin
- Oncology Research, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chen WX, Hu Q, Qiu MT, Zhong SL, Xu JJ, Tang JH, Zhao JH. miR-221/222: promising biomarkers for breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:1361-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0750-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Tamura D, Arao T, Nagai T, Kaneda H, Aomatsu K, Fujita Y, Matsumoto K, De Velasco MA, Kato H, Hayashi H, Yoshida S, Kimura H, Maniwa Y, Nishio W, Sakai Y, Ohbayashi C, Kotani Y, Nishimura Y, Nishio K. Slug increases sensitivity to tubulin-binding agents via the downregulation of βIII and βIVa-tubulin in lung cancer cells. Cancer Med 2013; 2:144-54. [PMID: 23634282 PMCID: PMC3639653 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor Slug/SNAI2 (snail homolog 2) plays a key role in the induction of the epithelial mesenchymal transition in cancer cells; however, whether the overexpression of Slug mediates the malignant phenotype and alters drug sensitivity in lung cancer cells remains largely unclear. We investigated Slug focusing on its biological function and involvement in drug sensitivity in lung cancer cells. Stable Slug transfectants showed typical morphological changes compared with control cells. Slug overexpression did not change the cellular proliferations; however, migration activity and anchorage-independent growth activity with an antiapoptotic effect were increased. Interestingly, stable Slug overexpression increased drug sensitivity to tubulin-binding agents including vinorelbine, vincristine, and paclitaxel (5.8- to 8.9-fold increase) in several lung cancer cell lines but did not increase sensitivity to agents other than tubulin-binding agents. Real-time RT-PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and western blotting revealed that Slug overexpression downregulated the expression of βIII and βIVa-tubulin, which is considered to be a major factor determining sensitivity to tubulin-binding agents. A luciferase reporter assay confirmed that Slug suppressed the promoter activity of βIVa-tubulin at a transcriptional level. Slug overexpression enhanced tumor growth, whereas Slug overexpression increased drug sensitivity to vinorelbine with the downregulation of βIII and βIV-tubulin in vivo. Immunohistochemistry of Slug with clinical lung cancer samples showed that Slug overexpression tended to be involved in response to tubulin-binding agents. In conclusion, our data indicate that Slug mediates an aggressive phenotype including enhanced migration activity, anoikis suppression, and tumor growth, but increases sensitivity to tubulin-binding agents via the downregulation of βIII and βIVa-tubulin in lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Tamura
- Department of Genome Biology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine Osaka, Japan; Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Kobe, Japan
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