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Sengupta S, Abhinav N, Singh S, Dutta J, Mabalirajan U, Kaliyamurthy K, Mukherjee PK, Jaisankar P, Bandyopadhyay A. Standardised Sonneratia apetala Buch.-Ham. fruit extract inhibits human neutrophil elastase and attenuates elastase-induced lung injury in mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1011216. [PMID: 36569308 PMCID: PMC9768866 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1011216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) along with asthma is a major and increasing global health problem. Smoking contributes to about 80%-90% of total COPD cases in the world. COPD leads to the narrowing of small airways and destruction of lung tissue leading to emphysema primarily caused by neutrophil elastase. Neutrophil elastase plays an important role in disease progression in COPD patients and has emerged as an important target for drug discovery. Sonneratia apetala Buch.-Ham. is a mangrove plant belonging to family Sonneratiaceae. It is widely found in the Sundarban regions of India. While the fruits of this plant have antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and astringent activities, fruit and leaf extracts have been shown to reduce the symptoms of asthma and cough. The aim of this study is to find whether hydro alcoholic fruit extracts of S. apetala inhibit neutrophil elastase and thus prevent the progression of neutrophil elastase-driven lung emphysema. The hydroalcoholic extract, ethanol: water (90:10), of the S. apetala Buch.-Ham. fresh fruits (SAM) were used for neutrophil elastase enzyme kinetic assay and IC50 of the extract was determined. The novel HPLC method has been developed and the extract was standardized with gallic acid and ellagic acid as standards. The extract was further subjected to LC-MS2 profiling to identify key phytochemicals. The standardized SAM extract contains 53 μg/mg of gallic acid and 95 μg/mg of ellagic acid, based on the HPLC calibration curve. SAM also reversed the elastase-induced morphological change of human epithelial cells and prevented the release of ICAM-1 in vitro and an MTT assay was conducted to assess the viability. Further, 10 mg/kg SAM had reduced alveolar collapse induced by neutrophil elastase in the mice model. Thus, in this study, we reported for the first time that S. apetala fruit extract has the potential to inhibit human neutrophil elastase in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Sengupta
- Cardiovascular Disease and Respiratory Disorders Laboratory, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Nipun Abhinav
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, India
| | - Sabita Singh
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases Laboratory, Cell Biology and Physiology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Joytri Dutta
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases Laboratory, Cell Biology and Physiology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ulaganathan Mabalirajan
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases Laboratory, Cell Biology and Physiology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Karthigeyan Kaliyamurthy
- Central National Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India, A.J.C.B. Indian Botanic Garden, Howrah, India
| | | | - Parasuraman Jaisankar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India,Laboratory of Catalysis and Chemical Biology, Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India,*Correspondence: Parasuraman Jaisankar, ; Arun Bandyopadhyay,
| | - Arun Bandyopadhyay
- Cardiovascular Disease and Respiratory Disorders Laboratory, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India,*Correspondence: Parasuraman Jaisankar, ; Arun Bandyopadhyay,
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Gu X, Gao R, Li Y, Liu J, Wu Y, Xu H. Combination effect of azithromycin with TCM preparation Xiyanping injection against Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154332. [PMID: 35853301 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Klebsiella pneumoniae is known as one of the most principal opportunistic human pathogens. Although antibiotics such as the first-line agent azithromycin (AZM) usually are efficient for the treatment of K. pneumonia-related infections, growing threat from antibiotic resistance has become a major challenge. Various preparations based on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinical experience have been developed to help combat such a global public health threat, including Xiyanping injection (XYP) that is made from the natural product andrographolide with potent heat-clearing and toxin-resolving functions. PURPOSE The present study aimed to demonstrate the therapeutic potential, as well as the action of mechanism of AZM in combination with XYP against K. pneumonia infection in rats. METHODS Pneumonia model of K. pneumoniae infection in rats was established and subjected to various treatments. The lung histopathological lesions were evaluated. ELISA and Griess techniques were used to determine the level of crucial cytokines. The protein expressions of MAPKs and NF-κB pathways were analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS The combination in vivo could significantly inhibit the proliferation of K. pneumoniae in lung, improve the pathological changes of lung and reduce inflammatory factors in lung homogenate and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, mainly by inactivating MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways. Combination therapy caused one-fold increase in apparent distribution volume of AZM in rats after multiple dosing, along with a significant increase of AZM level in lungs but obvious decrease in livers. CONCLUSION The combination therapy of AZM and XYP showed increased antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, indicating that it might be used to treat K. pneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Rongrong Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yanli Li
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; Department of Pharmacy, Binzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Binzhou 256601, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
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Mitra S, Anand U, Ghorai M, Vellingiri B, Jha NK, Behl T, Kumar M, Radha, Shekhawat MS, Proćków J, Dey A. Unravelling the Therapeutic Potential of Botanicals Against Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Molecular Insights and Future Perspectives. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:824132. [PMID: 35645819 PMCID: PMC9130824 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.824132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is a serious health problem worldwide. Present treatments are insufficient and have severe side effects. There is a critical shortage of possible alternative treatments. Medicinal herbs are the most traditional and widely used therapy for treating a wide range of human illnesses around the world. In several countries, different plants are used to treat COPD. Purpose: In this review, we have discussed several known cellular and molecular components implicated in COPD and how plant-derived chemicals might modulate them. Methods: We have discussed how COVID-19 is associated with COPD mortality and severity along with the phytochemical roles of a few plants in the treatment of COPD. In addition, two tables have been included; the first summarizes different plants used for the treatment of COPD, and the second table consists of different kinds of phytochemicals extracted from plants, which are used to inhibit inflammation in the lungs. Conclusion: Various plants have been found to have medicinal properties against COPD. Many plant extracts and components may be used as novel disease-modifying drugs for lung inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicon Mitra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Uttpal Anand
- CytoGene Research & Development LLP, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mimosa Ghorai
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Radha
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India
| | - Mahipal S. Shekhawat
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Kanchi Mamunivar Government Institute for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Jarosław Proćków
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
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Chen Z, Luo T, Huang F, Yang F, Luo W, Chen G, Cao M, Wang F, Zhang J. Kangbainian Lotion Ameliorates Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in Mice by Inhibiting the Growth of Fluconazole-Resistant Candida albicans and the Dectin-1 Signaling Pathway Activation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:816290. [PMID: 35140608 PMCID: PMC8819624 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.816290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an infectious disease caused by Candida species, which affects millions of women worldwide every year. The resistance to available antifungal drugs for clinical treatment is a growing problem. The treatment of refractory VVC caused by azole-resistant Candida is still facing challenges. However, research on new antifungal drugs is progressing slowly. Although a lot of reports on new antifungal drugs, only three new antifungal drugs (Isavuconazole, ibrexafungerp, and rezafungin) and two new formulations of posaconazole were marketed over the last decade. Chinese botanical medicine has advantages in the treatment of drug-resistant VVC, such as outstanding curative effects and low adverse reactions, which can improve patients’ comfort and adherence to therapy. Kangbainian lotion (KBN), a Chinese botanical formulation, has achieved very good clinical effects in the treatment of VVC. In this study, we investigated the antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects of KBN at different doses in fluconazole-resistant (FLC-resistant) VVC model mice. We further studied the antifungal mechanism of KBN against FLC-resistant Candida albicans (C. albicans) and the anti-inflammatory mechanism correlated with the Dectin-1 signaling pathway. In vivo and in vitro results showed that KBN had strong antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects in FLC-resistant VVC, such as inhibiting the growth of C. albicans and vaginal inflammation. Further studies showed that KBN inhibited the biofilm and hypha formation, reduced adhesion, inhibited ergosterol synthesis and the expression of ergosterol synthesis-related genes ERG11, and reduced the expression of drug-resistant efflux pump genes MDR1 and CDR2 of FLC-resistant C. albicans in vitro. In addition, in vivo results showed that KBN reduced the expression of inflammatory factor proteins TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in vaginal tissues, and inhibited the expression of proteins related to the Dectin-1 signaling pathway. In conclusion, our study revealed that KBN could ameliorate vaginal inflammation in VVC mice caused by FLC-resistance C. albicans. This effect may be related to inhibiting the growth of FLC-resistance C. albicans and Dectin-1 signaling pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewei Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tengshuo Luo
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengke Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuzhen Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenting Luo
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanfeng Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengfei Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengyun Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Zhang, ; Fengyun Wang,
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Zhang, ; Fengyun Wang,
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Zaid SSM, Ruslee SS, Mokhtar MH. Protective Roles of Honey in Reproductive Health: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113322. [PMID: 34205972 PMCID: PMC8197897 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, most people who lead healthy lifestyles tend to use natural products as supplements, complementary medicine or alternative treatments. Honey is God's precious gift to mankind. Honey has been highly appreciated and extensively used since ancient history due to its high nutritional and therapeutic values. It is also known to enhance fertility. In the last few decades, the important role of honey in modern medicine has been acknowledged due to the large body of convincing evidence derived from extensive laboratory studies and clinical investigations. Honey has a highly complex chemical and biological composition that consists of various essential bioactive compounds, enzymes, amino and organic acids, acid phosphorylase, phytochemicals, carotenoid-like substances, vitamins and minerals. Reproductive health and fertility rates have declined in the last 30 years. Therefore, this review aimed to highlight the protective role of honey as a potential therapeutic in maintaining reproductive health. The main role of honey is to enhance fertility and treat infertility problems by acting as an alternative to hormone replacement therapy for protecting the vagina and uterus from atrophy, protecting against the toxic effects of xeno-oestrogenic agents on female reproductive functions and helping in the treatment of gynaecological disorders, such as vulvovaginal candidiasis infection, that affect women's lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Sarah Mohamad Zaid
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-9769-6742
| | - Siti Suraya Ruslee
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Helmy Mokhtar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
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Heinrich M, Mah J, Amirkia V. Alkaloids Used as Medicines: Structural Phytochemistry Meets Biodiversity-An Update and Forward Look. Molecules 2021; 26:1836. [PMID: 33805869 PMCID: PMC8036335 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selecting candidates for drug developments using computational design and empirical rules has resulted in a broad discussion about their success. In a previous study, we had shown that a species' abundance [as expressed by the GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility)] dataset is a core determinant for the development of a natural product into a medicine. Our overarching aim is to understand the unique requirements for natural product-based drug development. Web of Science was queried for research on alkaloids in combination with plant systematics/taxonomy. All alkaloids containing species demonstrated an average increase of 8.66 in GBIF occurrences between 2014 and 2020. Medicinal Species with alkaloids show higher abundance compared to non-medicinal alkaloids, often linked also to cultivation. Alkaloids with high biodiversity are often simple alkaloids found in multiple species with the presence of 'driver species' and are more likely to be included in early-stage drug development compared to 'rare' alkaloids. Similarly, the success of an alkaloid containing species as a food supplement ('botanical') is linked to its abundance. GBIF is a useful tool for assessing the druggability of a compound from a certain source species. The success of any development programme from natural sources must take sustainable sourcing into account right from the start.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Heinrich
- Research Group ‘Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy’, UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29–39 Brunswick Sq., London WC1N 1AX, UK; (J.M.); (V.A.)
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, and Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, No. 100, Section 1, Jingmao Road, Beitun District, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Jeffrey Mah
- Research Group ‘Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy’, UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29–39 Brunswick Sq., London WC1N 1AX, UK; (J.M.); (V.A.)
| | - Vafa Amirkia
- Research Group ‘Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy’, UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29–39 Brunswick Sq., London WC1N 1AX, UK; (J.M.); (V.A.)
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Liu Y, Shen Y, Teng L, Yang L, Cao K, Fu Q, Zhang J. The traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Stemona species: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 265:113112. [PMID: 32726680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plants of genus Stemona (Stemonaceae) have been long used locally and traditionally in many South and East Asian counties to relieve cough, dispel phlegm, prevent asthma, control pests, diminish inflammation, decrease pain, and treat some cutaneous diseases. AIM OF STUDY This review provided comprehensive and up-to-date information about botanic characterization and distribution, ethnopharmacology, secondary metabolites, pharmacological activities, and toxicology of plants of genus Stemona to explore the scientific potential and future therapeutic potential of the plants. MATERIALS AND METHODS This article conducted a literature review on information about the Stemona species in multiple electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Wiley, Science Direct, Elsevier, Google Scholar, ACS publications, SpringerLink, and China National Knowledge Internet. Information was also derived from other literature sources (e.g. Chinese Pharmacopoeia, 2015 edition, Chinese herbal classic books, PhD and MSc thesis). Plant names were validated by "The Plant List" (www.theplantlist.org). All studies of the genus Stemona were included in this review until March 2020. RESULTS Our comprehensive analysis of the scientific literatures indicated that many Stemona species are popular and valuable herbal medicines with therapeutic potentials to treat various ailments. Phytochemical analyses identified alkaloids and stilbenoids as the major bioactive substances of Stemona species. Numerous studies have shown that the extracts and secondary metabolites isolated from these plants have a wide range of pharmacological activities, including insecticidal and antifeedant, antitussive, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, and antivirus activities. CONCLUSION Though plants of genus Stemona have been put to enormous traditional uses, the pharmacological studies conducted were insufficient. Therefore, more secondary metabolites need to be studied for more detailed pharmacological studies. Further studies are also required to establish the mechanisms which mediate the plants' bioactivities in relation to the medicinal uses as well as investigate any potential toxicity for future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoqi Liu
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Yue Shen
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Li Teng
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Longfei Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Kun Cao
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
| | - Jiali Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and Children, Chengdu, 610045, China
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Okrit F, Chantranuwatana P, Werawatganon D, Chayanupatkul M, Sanguanrungsirikul S. Changes of vitamin D receptors (VDR) and MAPK activation in cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions following exposure to cigarette smoke with or without filter in rats. Heliyon 2021; 7:e05927. [PMID: 33553726 PMCID: PMC7851787 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is a major cause of obstructive lung disease which is associated with significant disability and mortality. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) together with, mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs; ERK, JNK and p38) are the cellular transmission signals that mechanistically respond to CS and are recently found to have a role in lung pathogenesis. There are a few in vitro studies on subcellular VDR distribution involved MAPK but in vivo effects of cigarette smoke exposure with and without filter on this complex remain unclear. This study investigated subcellular VDR distribution and MAPK expression at early stages of both types of cigarette smoke exposure (CSE) in a rat model. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into no-filter, filter and control groups. After 7 and 14 days of CSE, lung tissues were obtained to determine histopathology and protein expression. Cytoplasmic and nuclear VDR distribution significantly decreased on both CSE groups and corresponded with immunohistochemistry detection. The ratio of phosphorylated ERK to total ERK significantly increased in cytoplasm of both CSE on day 7. In particular, nuclear ERK MAPK significantly escalated in the filter group on day 14. In consistent with changes in intracellular markers, histopathological examination in both CSE groups showed significant increases in tracheal and peribronchiolar epithelial proliferation, alveolar macrophages and an increased trend of parenchymal infiltration. In summary, the evidence of lung injuries along with VDR depletion and MAPK activation observed in both CSE types indicated that there was no benefit of using cigarette filter to prevent protein damage or protect cells against cigarette smoke exposure in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatist Okrit
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Duangporn Werawatganon
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Maneerat Chayanupatkul
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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Ihantola T, Di Bucchianico S, Happo M, Ihalainen M, Uski O, Bauer S, Kuuspalo K, Sippula O, Tissari J, Oeder S, Hartikainen A, Rönkkö TJ, Martikainen MV, Huttunen K, Vartiainen P, Suhonen H, Kortelainen M, Lamberg H, Leskinen A, Sklorz M, Michalke B, Dilger M, Weiss C, Dittmar G, Beckers J, Irmler M, Buters J, Candeias J, Czech H, Yli-Pirilä P, Abbaszade G, Jakobi G, Orasche J, Schnelle-Kreis J, Kanashova T, Karg E, Streibel T, Passig J, Hakkarainen H, Jokiniemi J, Zimmermann R, Hirvonen MR, Jalava PI. Influence of wood species on toxicity of log-wood stove combustion aerosols: a parallel animal and air-liquid interface cell exposure study on spruce and pine smoke. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:27. [PMID: 32539833 PMCID: PMC7296712 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00355-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wood combustion emissions have been studied previously either by in vitro or in vivo models using collected particles, yet most studies have neglected gaseous compounds. Furthermore, a more accurate and holistic view of the toxicity of aerosols can be gained with parallel in vitro and in vivo studies using direct exposure methods. Moreover, modern exposure techniques such as air-liquid interface (ALI) exposures enable better assessment of the toxicity of the applied aerosols than, for example, the previous state-of-the-art submerged cell exposure techniques. Methods We used three different ALI exposure systems in parallel to study the toxicological effects of spruce and pine combustion emissions in human alveolar epithelial (A549) and murine macrophage (RAW264.7) cell lines. A whole-body mouse inhalation system was also used to expose C57BL/6 J mice to aerosol emissions. Moreover, gaseous and particulate fractions were studied separately in one of the cell exposure systems. After exposure, the cells and animals were measured for various parameters of cytotoxicity, inflammation, genotoxicity, transcriptome and proteome. Results We found that diluted (1:15) exposure pine combustion emissions (PM1 mass 7.7 ± 6.5 mg m− 3, 41 mg MJ− 1) contained, on average, more PM and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) than spruce (PM1 mass 4.3 ± 5.1 mg m− 3, 26 mg MJ− 1) emissions, which instead showed a higher concentration of inorganic metals in the emission aerosol. Both A549 cells and mice exposed to these emissions showed low levels of inflammation but significantly increased genotoxicity. Gaseous emission compounds produced similar genotoxicity and a higher inflammatory response than the corresponding complete combustion emission in A549 cells. Systems biology approaches supported the findings, but we detected differing responses between in vivo and in vitro experiments. Conclusions Comprehensive in vitro and in vivo exposure studies with emission characterization and systems biology approaches revealed further information on the effects of combustion aerosol toxicity than could be achieved with either method alone. Interestingly, in vitro and in vivo exposures showed the opposite order of the highest DNA damage. In vitro measurements also indicated that the gaseous fraction of emission aerosols may be more important in causing adverse toxicological effects. Combustion aerosols of different wood species result in mild but aerosol specific in vitro and in vivo effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuukka Ihantola
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Sebastiano Di Bucchianico
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mikko Happo
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland.,Ramboll Finland, P.O.Box 25 Itsehallintokuja 3, FI-02601, Espoo, Finland
| | - Mika Ihalainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Oskari Uski
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Stefanie Bauer
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kari Kuuspalo
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland.,Present address: Savonia University of applied sciences, Microkatu 1, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Sippula
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarkko Tissari
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sebastian Oeder
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anni Hartikainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Teemu J Rönkkö
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maria-Viola Martikainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kati Huttunen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petra Vartiainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heikki Suhonen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Miika Kortelainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heikki Lamberg
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ari Leskinen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland.,Finnish Meteorological Institute, Yliopistonranta 1 F, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Martin Sklorz
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr. Lorenzweg 2, D-18051, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marco Dilger
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Carsten Weiss
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Luxembourg institute of health, 1A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics (IEG), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Chair of Experimental Genetics, D-85350, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics (IEG), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jeroen Buters
- ZAUM - Center of Allergy & Environment, Technical University Munich/Helmholtz Center Munich, Biedersteiner Str. 29, D-80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Joana Candeias
- ZAUM - Center of Allergy & Environment, Technical University Munich/Helmholtz Center Munich, Biedersteiner Str. 29, D-80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Hendryk Czech
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland.,Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pasi Yli-Pirilä
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Gülcin Abbaszade
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gert Jakobi
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Orasche
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schnelle-Kreis
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tamara Kanashova
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr. Lorenzweg 2, D-18051, Rostock, Germany.,Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, D-13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Erwin Karg
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Streibel
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr. Lorenzweg 2, D-18051, Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes Passig
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr. Lorenzweg 2, D-18051, Rostock, Germany
| | - Henri Hakkarainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jorma Jokiniemi
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr. Lorenzweg 2, D-18051, Rostock, Germany
| | - Maija-Riitta Hirvonen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pasi I Jalava
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
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10
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Hu L, Liu F, Li L, Zhang L, Yan C, Li Q, Qiu J, Dong J, Sun J, Zhang H. Effects of icariin on cell injury and glucocorticoid resistance in BEAS-2B cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:283-292. [PMID: 32550884 PMCID: PMC7296294 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) exert a therapeutic effect in numerous chronic inflammatory diseases. However, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) tends to be GC-resistant. Icariin, a major component of flavonoids isolated from Epimedium brevicornum Maxim (Berberidaceae), significantly relieves symptoms in patients with COPD. However, the mechanism of action remains unclear and further investigation is required to establish whether it may serve as an alternative or complementary therapy for COPD. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of icariin in human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and to determine whether icariin reverses GC resistance. The results revealed that icariin significantly increased the proliferation of CSE-exposed cells. Furthermore, icariin significantly increased protein expression of the anti-inflammatory factor interleukin (IL)-10 and significantly decreased protein expression of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor α. Icariin also attenuated the expression of the cellular matrix remodelling biomarkers matrix metallopeptidase 9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, and decreased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, icariin regulated the expression of GC resistance-related factors, such as GC receptors, histone deacetylase 2, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 and nuclear factor κ B. The results obtained in the present study suggested that icariin may decrease CSE-induced inflammation, airway remodelling and ROS production by mitigating GC resistance. In conclusion, icariin may potentially be used in combination with GCs to increase therapeutic efficacy and reduce GC resistance in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Hu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China.,Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China.,Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Lulu Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China.,Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China.,Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Qiuping Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China.,Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jian Qiu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China.,Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China.,Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China.,Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China.,Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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11
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Wu Y, Nie Y, Huang J, Qiu Y, Wan B, Liu G, Chen J, Chen D, Pang Q. Protostemonine alleviates heat-killed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-induced acute lung injury through MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 77:105964. [PMID: 31669889 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and its most severe form acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by gram-positive bacteria threatens human life because effective treatments and medicines is unavailable. Protostemonine (PSN), an active alkaloid mainly isolated from the roots of Stemona sesslifolia, has anti-inflammatory effects on asthma and gram-negative bacteria-induced ALI. Here, we found that PSN exhibits anti-inflammatory effects and alleviates heat-killed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HKMRSA)-induced pneumonia. PSN treatment significantly attenuated HKMRSA-induced pathological injury, pulmonary neutrophil infiltration, tissue permeability and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) in murine ALI model. In addition, PSN decreased the content of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and the expression of iNOS, as well as the production of NO in HKMRSA-induced bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs). Furthermore, treatment with PSN suppressed the activation of MAPKs (e.g. p38 MAPK, JNK and ERK) and NF-κB. Collectively, our results suggest that PSN ameliorates gram-positive bacteria-induced ALI in mice by inhibition of the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, and our studies suggest that PSN might be a novel candidate for treating ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxian Wu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Yunjuan Nie
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, PR China
| | - Yubao Qiu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Binbin Wan
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Gang Liu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Junliang Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Dan Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| | - Qingfeng Pang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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12
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Umsumarng S, Mapoung S, Yodkeeree S, Pyne SG, Limtrakul Dejkriengkraikul P. A Pharmacological Strategy Using Stemofoline for more Efficacious Chemotherapeutic Treatments Against Human Multidrug Resistant Leukemic Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:3533-3543. [PMID: 30583680 PMCID: PMC6428543 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2018.19.12.3533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study reported that stemofoline (STF) exhibited a synergistic effect with chemotherapeutic drugs in human multidrug-resistant (MDR) leukemic cells (K526/Adr) by inhibiting the function of P-glycoprotein, which is a membrane transporter that is overexpressed in several types of MDR cancers. This study further investigated the effects of a combination treatment of STF and doxorubicin (DOX) in vitro and in vivo. The combination treatment of 50 mg/kg of STF strongly enhanced the anti-tumor activity of DOX in SCID-beige mice bearing K562/Adr xenografts without additional toxicity when compared to the single treatment groups. Additionally, an examination of the proliferation markers (Ki67) and the apoptotic marker (TUNEL) in tumor tissues in each group revealed that the combination therapy significantly reduced Ki67 positive cells and increased apoptotic cells. From the in vitro experiments we also found that this combination treatment dramatically induced G1 and G2M arrest in K562/Adr when compared to a single treatment of DOX. STF treatment alone did not show any cytotoxic effect to the cells. These results suggest that the accumulation of DOX enhanced by STF was sufficient to induce cell cycle arrest in K562/Adr. These findings support our previous in vitro data and indicate the possibility of developing STF as an adjuvant therapy in cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonthaya Umsumarng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Excellent Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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13
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Lv XM, Li MD, Cheng S, Liu BL, Liu K, Zhang CF, Xu XH, Zhang M. Neotuberostemonine inhibits the differentiation of lung fibroblasts into myofibroblasts in mice by regulating HIF-1α signaling. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1501-1512. [PMID: 29645000 PMCID: PMC6289346 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis may be partially the result of deregulated tissue repair in response to chronic hypoxia. In this study we explored the effects of hypoxia on lung fibroblasts and the effects of neotuberostemonine (NTS), a natural alkaloid isolated from Stemona tuberosa, on activation of fibroblasts in vitro and in vivo. PLFs (primary mouse lung fibroblasts) were activated and differentiated after exposure to 1% O2 or treatment with CoCl2 (100 μmol/L), evidenced by markedly increased protein or mRNA expression of HIF-1α, TGF-β, FGF2, α-SMA and Col-1α/3α, which was blocked after silencing HIF-1α, suggesting that the activation of fibroblasts was HIF-1α-dependent. NTS (0.1-10 μmol/L) dose-dependently suppressed hypoxia-induced activation and differentiation of PLFs, whereas the inhibitory effect of NTS was abolished by co-treatment with MG132, a proteasome inhibitor. Since prolyl hydroxylation is a critical step in initiation of HIF-1α degradation, we further showed that NTS treatment reversed hypoxia- or CoCl2-induced reduction in expression of prolyl hydroxylated-HIF-1α. With hypoxyprobe immunofiuorescence staining, we showed that NTS treatment directly reversed the lower oxygen tension in hypoxia-exposed PLFs. In a mouse model of lung fibrosis, oral administration of NTS (30 mg·kg-1·d-1, for 1 or 2 weeks) effectively attenuated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting the levels of HIF-1α and its downstream profibrotic factors (TGF-β, FGF2 and α-SMA). Taken together, these results demonstrate that NTS inhibits the protein expression of HIF-1α and its downstream factors TGF-β, FGF2 and α-SMA both in hypoxia-exposed fibroblasts and in lung tissues of BLM-treated mice. NTS with anti-HIF-1α activity may be a promising pharmacological agent for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Miao Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Ming-Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Si Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Bao-Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Kang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Chao-Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xiang-Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Mian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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14
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Chloroquine attenuates paraquat-induced lung injury in mice by altering inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 46:16-22. [PMID: 28249220 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat is one of the most extensively used herbicides and has high toxicity for humans and animals. However, there is no effective treatment for paraquat poisoning. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of chloroquine on paraquat-induced lung injury in mice. Mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of paraquat and a daily intraperitoneal injection of the indicated dosages of chloroquine or dexamethasone. The histological changes, inflammation and oxidative stress in the lungs were examined at day 3, and the degree of pulmonary fibrosis was examined at day 28. H&E staining showed that chloroquine markedly attenuated lung injury induced by paraquat. In addition, the inflammatory responses induced by paraquat were inhibited after treatment with chloroquine, as indicated by the decreased number of leukocytes, the reduced levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, the reduced NO content, and downregulation of iNOS expression in lung tissues. No different effect was found between high-dose chloroquine and dexamethasone. Additionally, the treatment with chloroquine increased the activity of SOD and decreased the level of MDA in the lung tissues. The expressions of the anti-oxidative proteins, Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1, were also upregulated by chloroquine treatment. The high-dose chloroquine was more effective than dexamethasone in its anti-oxidation ability. Finally, the results of Masson's staining illustrated that chloroquine markedly attenuated fibrosis in the paraquat-exposed lungs. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that the expressions of the pro-fibrotic proteins TGF-β and α-SMA were downregulated after treatment with chloroquine. In conclusion, chloroquine effectively attenuated paraquat-induced lung injury in mice.
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15
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Kim HP, Lim H, Kwon YS. Therapeutic Potential of Medicinal Plants and Their Constituents on Lung Inflammatory Disorders. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2017; 25:91-104. [PMID: 27956716 PMCID: PMC5340533 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) are essentially lung inflammatory disorders. Various plant extracts and their constituents showed therapeutic effects on several animal models of lung inflammation. These include coumarins, flavonoids, phenolics, iridoids, monoterpenes, diterpenes and triterpenoids. Some of them exerted inhibitory action mainly by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and nuclear transcription factor-κB activation. Especially, many flavonoid derivatives distinctly showed effectiveness on lung inflammation. In this review, the experimental data for plant extracts and their constituents showing therapeutic effectiveness on animal models of lung inflammation are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Pyo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Soo Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Republic of Korea
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16
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Jung KH, Beak H, Park S, Shin D, Jung J, Park S, Kim J, Bae H. The therapeutic effects of tuberostemonine against cigarette smoke-induced acute lung inflammation in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 774:80-6. [PMID: 26849941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is mainly caused by cigarette smoking and is characterized by the destruction of lung parenchyma, structural alterations of the small airways, and systemic inflammation. Tuberostemonine (TS) is an alkaloid-type phytochemical from Stemona tuberosa. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of TS in a cigarette smoke (CS)-induced mouse model of acute lung inflammation. The mice were whole-body exposed to CS or fresh air for 7 days. TS was administered by an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection 1h before exposure to CS. To test the effects of TS, the numbers of total cells, neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were counted. Furthermore, we measured the levels of several chemokines, such as GCP-2, MIP-3α, MCP-1 and KC, in the lung tissue. The cellular profiles and histopathological analysis demonstrated that the infiltration of peribronchial and perivascular inflammatory cells significantly decreased in the TS-treated groups compared with the CS-exposure group. The TS treatment significantly ameliorated the airway epithelial thickness induced by CS exposure and caused a significant decrement in the production of chemokines in the lung. These results suggest that TS has anti-inflammatory effects against CS-induced acute lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hwa Jung
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoeki-Dong, Dongdaemoon-Gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunjung Beak
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoeki-Dong, Dongdaemoon-Gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soojin Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoeki-Dong, Dongdaemoon-Gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dasom Shin
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoeki-Dong, Dongdaemoon-Gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaehoon Jung
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoeki-Dong, Dongdaemoon-Gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sangwon Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoeki-Dong, Dongdaemoon-Gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinju Kim
- Department of Korean Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoeki-Dong, Dongdaemoon-Gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoeki-Dong, Dongdaemoon-Gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Jung KH, Kil YS, Jung J, Park S, Shin D, Lee K, Seo EK, Bae H. Tuberostemonine N, an active compound isolated from Stemona tuberosa, suppresses cigarette smoke-induced sub-acute lung inflammation in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:79-86. [PMID: 26902410 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our previous study demonstrated that a Stemona tuberosa extract had significant effects on cigarette smoking (CS)-induced lung inflammation in mice. The present study evaluated the potential of tuberostemonine N (T.N) to prevent airway inflammation and suppress airway responses in a CS-induced in vivo COPD model. METHODS T.N was isolated from the root of ST and analyzed using 1D and 2D NMR. The purity of T.N was accessed using HPLC-ELSD analysis. C57BL/6 mice in this study were whole-body exposed to mainstream CS or room air for 4 weeks, and T.N (1, 5 and 10 mg/kg body wt.) was administered to mice via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection before CS exposure. The number of inflammatory cells, including neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes, and the amount of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines were accessed from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of T.N. Average alveoli size was also measured using histological analyses. RESULTS Cellular profiles and histopathological analyses revealed that the infiltration of peribronchial and perivascular inflammatory cells decreased significantly in the T.N-treated groups compared to the CS-exposed control group. T.N significantly inhibited the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in BALF and decreased alveoli size in lung tissue. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that T.N exerts anti-inflammatory effects against airway inflammation, and T.N may be a novel therapeutic agent for lung diseases, such as COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hwa Jung
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoon-ku, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Seo Kil
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Ewha Global Top 5 Program), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Jaehoon Jung
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoon-ku, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoon-ku, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasom Shin
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoon-ku, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeseok Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoon-ku, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Ewha Global Top 5 Program), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoon-ku, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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