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Huang R, Kratka CE, Pea J, McCann C, Nelson J, Bryan JP, Zhou LT, Russo DD, Zaniker EJ, Gandhi AH, Shalek AK, Cleary B, Farhi SL, Duncan FE, Goods BA. Single-cell and spatiotemporal profile of ovulation in the mouse ovary. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.20.594719. [PMID: 38826447 PMCID: PMC11142086 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.20.594719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Ovulation is a spatiotemporally coordinated process that involves several tightly controlled events, including oocyte meiotic maturation, cumulus expansion, follicle wall rupture and repair, and ovarian stroma remodeling. To date, no studies have detailed the precise window of ovulation at single-cell resolution. Here, we performed parallel single-cell RNA-seq and spatial transcriptomics on paired mouse ovaries across an ovulation time course to map the spatiotemporal profile of ovarian cell types. We show that major ovarian cell types exhibit time-dependent transcriptional states enriched for distinct functions and have specific localization profiles within the ovary. We also identified gene markers for ovulation-dependent cell states and validated these using orthogonal methods. Finally, we performed cell-cell interaction analyses to identify ligand-receptor pairs that may drive ovulation, revealing previously unappreciated interactions. Taken together, our data provides a rich and comprehensive resource of murine ovulation that can be mined for discovery by the scientific community.
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Yildiz S, Moolhuijsen LME, Visser JA. The Role of Anti-Müllerian Hormone in Ovarian Function. Semin Reprod Med 2024. [PMID: 38781987 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1786732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a member of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily, whose actions are restricted to the endocrine-reproductive system. Initially known for its role in male sex differentiation, AMH plays a role in the ovary, acting as a gatekeeper in folliculogenesis by regulating the rate of recruitment and growth of follicles. In the ovary, AMH is predominantly expressed by granulosa cells of preantral and antral follicles (i.e., post primordial follicle recruitment and prior to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) selection). AMH signals through a BMP-like signaling pathway in a manner distinct from other TGFβ family members. In this review, the latest insights in AMH processing, signaling, its regulation of spatial and temporal expression pattern, and functioning in folliculogenesis are summarized. In addition, effects of AMH variants on ovarian function are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena Yildiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Loes M E Moolhuijsen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny A Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Tam N, Kong RYC, Lai KP. Reproductive toxicity in marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) due to embryonic exposure to PCB 28 or 4'-OH-PCB 65. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162401. [PMID: 36842578 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that juvenile or adult exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) induces alterations in reproductive functions (e.g., reduced fertilization rate) and behavior (e.g., reduced nest maintenance) in fish. Embryonic exposures to other endocrine disrupting chemicals have been reported to induce long-term reproductive toxicity in fish. However, the effects of embryonic exposure to PCBs or their metabolites, OH-PCBs, on long-term reproductive function in fish are unknown. In the present study, we used the marine medaka fish (Oryzias melastigma) as a model to assess the reproductive endpoints in response to embryonic exposure to either PCB 28 or 4'-OH-PCB 65. Our results showed that the sex ratio of marine medaka was feminized by exposure to 4'-OH-PCB 65. Fecundity was decreased in the medaka treated with either PCB 28 or 4'-OH-PCB 65, whereas the medaka from embryonic exposure to 4'-OH-PCB 65 additionally exhibited reduced fertilization and a reduction in the hatching success rate of offspring, as well as decreased sperm motility. Serum 11-KT concentrations were reduced in the PCB 28-treated medaka, and serum estradiol (E2)/testosterone (T) and E2/11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) ratios were decreased in the 4'-OH-PCB 65-treated medaka. To explain these observations at the molecular level, transcriptomic analysis of the gonads was performed. Bioinformatic analysis using Gene Ontology and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that genes involved in various pathways potentially involved in reproductive functions (e.g., steroid metabolism and cholesterol homeostasis) were differentially expressed in the testes and ovaries of either PCB- or OH-PCB-treated medaka. Thus, the long-term reproductive toxicity in fish due to embryonic exposure to PCB or OH-PCB should be considered for environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Tam
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Richard Yuen Chong Kong
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Keng Po Lai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guilin Medical University, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Yao Y, Wang Y, Wang F, Meng C, Niu J, Guo M, Sizhu S, Xu Y. BMP15 Modulates the H19/miR-26b/SMAD1 Axis Influences Yak Granulosa Cell Proliferation, Autophagy, and Apoptosis. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:1266-1280. [PMID: 36071342 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) regulates the growth and development of follicles. In particular, the long non-coding RNA H19 plays an important role in mammalian reproduction. However, the function and regulatory mechanism of the interaction of BMP15 with H19 in yak granulosa cell (GC) proliferation, autophagy, and apoptosis are poorly understood. In our study, quantitative reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that H19 were highly expressed in yak healthy follicles. H19 was induced by BMP15 protein in yak GCs. In addition, we confirmed that overexpression of H19 promoted yak GC proliferation and autophagy and inhibited apoptosis. Bioinformatic analysis and luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that H19 directly binds to miR-26b, and SMAD1 was identified as a target of miR-26b. miR-26b overexpression inhibited GC proliferation and autophagy and promoted apoptosis through decreased SMAD1 expression, which was attenuated by H19 overexpression. RNA immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and dual-luciferase assays showed that miR-26b was sponged by H19 to preserve SMAD1 expression. Furthermore, SMAD1 mRNA expression was induced and miR-26b expression was reduced after yak GCs were treated with BMP15 protein. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the H19/miR-26b/SMAD1 axis responds to BMP15 to regulate yack GC proliferation, autophagy, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Yao
- Animal Science Department, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, 100 Yucai Road, Bayi District, Tibet, 860000, Nyingchi, China
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Yunlu Wang
- Animal Science Department, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, 100 Yucai Road, Bayi District, Tibet, 860000, Nyingchi, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibet Plateau Animal Epidemic Disease Research, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry College, Tibet, 860000, Nyingchi, China
| | - Fupeng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chaoyi Meng
- Animal Science Department, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, 100 Yucai Road, Bayi District, Tibet, 860000, Nyingchi, China
| | - Jiaqiang Niu
- Animal Science Department, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, 100 Yucai Road, Bayi District, Tibet, 860000, Nyingchi, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibet Plateau Animal Epidemic Disease Research, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry College, Tibet, 860000, Nyingchi, China
| | - Ming Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Suolang Sizhu
- Animal Science Department, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, 100 Yucai Road, Bayi District, Tibet, 860000, Nyingchi, China
| | - Yefen Xu
- Animal Science Department, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, 100 Yucai Road, Bayi District, Tibet, 860000, Nyingchi, China.
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Wang L, Wang Y, Li B, Zhang Y, Song S, Ding W, Xu D, Zhao Z. BMP6 regulates AMH expression via SMAD1/5/8 in goat ovarian granulosa cells. Theriogenology 2023; 197:167-176. [PMID: 36525856 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is produced by ovarian granulosa cells (GCs)and plays a major role in inhibiting the recruitment of primordial follicles and reducing the sensitivity of growing follicles to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) has similar spatiotemporal expression to AMH during follicular development, suggesting that BMP6 may regulate AMH expression. However, the specific mechanism by which BMP6 regulates AMH expression remains unclear. The objectives of this study were to examine the molecular pathway by which BMP6 regulates AMH expression. The results showed that BMP6 promoted the secretion and expression of AMH in goat ovarian GCs. Mechanistically, BMP6 upregulated the expression of sex-determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9) and GATA-binding factor 4 (GATA4), which was associated with the transcriptional initiation of AMH. AMH expression was significantly decreased by GATA4 knockdown. Moreover, BMP6 treatment promoted the phosphorylation of SMAD1/5/8, whereas inhibiting the SMAD1/5/8 signaling pathway significantly abolished BMP6-induced upregulation of AMH and GATA4 expression. Interestingly, the activation of SMAD1/5/8 alone did not affect the expression of AMH or GATA4. The results suggested that BMP6 upregulated GATA4 through the SMAD1/5/8 signaling pathway, which in turn promoted AMH expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University,Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Yukun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University,Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Bijun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University,Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Yiyu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University,Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Shuaifei Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University,Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Wenfei Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University,Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Dejun Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University,Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
| | - Zhongquan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University,Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
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Expression Patterns and Gonadotropin Regulation of the TGF-β II Receptor (Bmpr2) during Ovarian Development in the Ricefield Eel Monopterus albus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315349. [PMID: 36499673 PMCID: PMC9739225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bmpr2 plays a central role in the regulation of reproductive development in mammals, but its role during ovarian development in fish is still unclear. To ascertain the function of bmpr2 in ovarian development in the ricefield eel, we isolated and characterized the bmpr2 cDNA sequence; the localization of Bmpr2 protein was determined by immunohistochemical staining; and the expression patterns of bmpr2 in ovarian tissue incubated with FSH and hCG in vitro were analyzed. The full-length bmpr2 cDNA was 3311 bp, with 1061 amino acids encoded. Compared to other tissues, bmpr2 was abundantly expressed in the ovary and highly expressed in the early yolk accumulation (EV) stages of the ovary. In addition, a positive signal for Bmpr2 was detected in the cytoplasm of oocytes in primary growth (PG) and EV stages. In vitro, the expression level of gdf9, the ligand of bmpr2, in the 10 ng/mL FSH treatment group was significantly higher after incubation for 4 h than after incubation for different durations. However, bmpr2 expression in the 10 ng/mL FSH treatment group at 2 h, 4 h and 10 h was significantly lower. Importantly, the expression level of bmpr2 and gdf9 in the 100 IU/mL hCG group had similar changes that were significantly decreased at 4 h and 10 h. In summary, Bmpr2 might play a pivotal role in ovarian growth in the ricefield eel, and these results provide a better understanding of the function of bmpr2 in ovarian development and the basic data for further exploration of the regulatory mechanism of gdf9 in oocyte development.
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Sun P, Wang H, Liu L, Guo K, Li X, Cao Y, Ko C, Lan ZJ, Lei Z. Aberrant activation of KRAS in mouse theca-interstitial cells results in female infertility. Front Physiol 2022; 13:991719. [PMID: 36060690 PMCID: PMC9437434 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.991719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS plays critical roles in regulating a range of normal cellular events as well as pathological processes in many tissues mediated through a variety of signaling pathways, including ERK1/2 and AKT signaling, in a cell-, context- and development-dependent manner. The in vivo function of KRAS and its downstream targets in gonadal steroidogenic cells for the development and homeostasis of reproductive functions remain to be determined. To understand the functions of KRAS signaling in gonadal theca and interstitial cells, we generated a Kras mutant (tKrasMT) mouse line that selectively expressed a constitutively active KrasG12D in these cells. KrasG12D expression in ovarian theca cells did not block follicle development to the preovulatory stage. However, tKrasMT females failed to ovulate and thus were infertile. The phosphorylated ERK1/2 and forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) and total FOXO1 protein levels were markedly reduced in tKrasMT theca cells. KrasG12D expression in theca cells also curtailed the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and altered the expression of several ovulation-related genes in gonadotropin-primed granulosa cells. To uncover downstream targets of KRAS/FOXO1 signaling in theca cells, we found that the expression of bone morphogenic protein 7 (Bmp7), a theca-specific factor involved in ovulation, was significantly elevated in tKrasMT theca cells. Chromosome immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that FOXO1 interacted with the Bmp7 promoter containing forkhead response elements and that the binding activity was attenuated in tKrasMT theca cells. Moreover, Foxo1 knockdown caused an elevation, whereas Foxo1 overexpression resulted in an inhibition of Bmp7 expression, suggesting that KRAS signaling regulates FOXO1 protein levels to control Bmp7 expression in theca cells. Thus, the anovulation phenotype observed in tKrasMT mice may be attributed to aberrant KRAS/FOXO1/BMP7 signaling in theca cells. Our work provides the first in vivo evidence that maintaining normal KRAS activity in ovarian theca cells is crucial for ovulation and female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghao Sun
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenmin Lei, ; Hongliang Wang,
| | - Lingyun Liu
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kaimin Guo
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xian Li
- Department of OB/GYN, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Yin Cao
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chemyong Ko
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Zi-Jian Lan
- Birth Defects Center, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Zhenmin Lei
- Department of OB/GYN, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
- *Correspondence: Zhenmin Lei, ; Hongliang Wang,
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8
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BMP6 Promotes the Secretion of 17 Beta-Estradiol and Progesterone in Goat Ovarian Granulosa Cells. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162132. [PMID: 36009721 PMCID: PMC9404746 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of BMP6 on the function of goat ovarian granulosa cells (GCs). The results showed that the exogenous addition of BMP6 did not affect the EdU-positive ratio of ovarian GCs and had no significant effect on the mRNA and protein expression levels of the proliferation-related gene PCNA (p > 0.05). Meanwhile, BMP6 had no significant effect on the cycle phase distribution of GCs but increased the mRNA expression of CDK4 (p < 0.05) and CCND1 (p < 0.01) and decreased the mRNA expression of CCNE1 (p < 0.01). Moreover, BMP6 had no significant effect on the apoptosis rate of GCs and did not affect the mRNA expression levels of apoptosis-related genes BAX, BCL2, and Caspase3 (p > 0.05). Importantly, BMP6 upregulated the secretion of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) in ovarian GCs (p < 0.01). Further studies found that BMP6 inhibited the mRNA expression of 3β-HSD and steroid synthesis acute regulator (StAR) but significantly promoted the mRNA expression of the E2 synthesis rate-limiting enzyme CYP19A1 and the P4 synthesis rate-limiting enzyme CYP11A1 (p < 0.01). Taken together, these results showed that the exogenous addition of BMP6 did not affect the proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis of goat ovarian GCs but promoted the secretion of E2 and progesterone P4 in ovarian GCs by upregulating the mRNA expressions of CYP19A1 and CYP11A1.
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9
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Su CJ, Murugan A, Linton JM, Yeluri A, Bois J, Klumpe H, Langley MA, Antebi YE, Elowitz MB. Ligand-receptor promiscuity enables cellular addressing. Cell Syst 2022; 13:408-425.e12. [PMID: 35421362 PMCID: PMC10897978 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, secreted ligands selectively activate, or "address," specific target cell populations to control cell fate decision-making and other processes. Key cell-cell communication pathways use multiple promiscuously interacting ligands and receptors, provoking the question of how addressing specificity can emerge from molecular promiscuity. To investigate this issue, we developed a general mathematical modeling framework based on the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway architecture. We find that promiscuously interacting ligand-receptor systems allow a small number of ligands, acting in combinations, to address a larger number of individual cell types, defined by their receptor expression profiles. Promiscuous systems outperform seemingly more specific one-to-one signaling architectures in addressing capability. Combinatorial addressing extends to groups of cell types, is robust to receptor expression noise, grows more powerful with increases in the number of receptor variants, and is maximized by specific biochemical parameter relationships. Together, these results identify design principles governing cellular addressing by ligand combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina J Su
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Arvind Murugan
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - James M Linton
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Akshay Yeluri
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Justin Bois
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Heidi Klumpe
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Matthew A Langley
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Yaron E Antebi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Michael B Elowitz
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Department of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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Lv J, Ge W, Ding Z, Zeng J, Wang W, Duan H, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Hu J. Regulatory role of dihydrotestosterone on BMP-6 receptors in granular cells of sheep antral follicles. Gene 2022; 810:146066. [PMID: 34838638 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP-6) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) affect steroid synthesis in follicles and regulate cell proliferation in the ovaries of female animals. However, little is known about granular cells (GCs) in sheep. We identified the key BMP-6 receptors, activin receptor-like kinase(ALK-6), and bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPRII) in sheep follicles using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF). Both ALK-6 and BMPRII were expressed in the GC layer, GC membranes, and cytoplasm. We evaluated ALK-6 and BMPRII expression at the follicular development stage using quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting to detect sheep GCs from large, medium, and small follicles (diameters of ≥5, 2-5, and ≤2 mm, respectively). The mRNA abundance and protein expression of ALK-6 and BMPRII were significantly higher in GCs from large follicles compared to those in GCs from small follicles (P < 0.05) and were the lowest in GCs from medium follicles. To assess whether DHT affects ALK-6 and BMPRII expression in sheep GCs, we cultured GCs from large follicles in vitro then incubated them with DHT (10-11, 10-9, 10-7 M). We found that 10-7-M DHT significantly inhibited ALK-6 and BMPRII mRNA and protein (P < 0.05). We further explored whether DHT regulates ALK-6 and BMPRII through the nuclear androgen receptor (AR) pathway and found that 10-6-M flutamide, a non-selective androgen inhibitor, partially relieved the inhibitory effect of 10-7-M DHT on ALK-6 and BMPRII expression. Thus, GCs in sheep antral follicles differentially expressed ALK-6 and BMPRII at various stages, indicating that BMP-6 plays different roles to some extent during the development of antral follicles, and that high concentrations of DHT can inhibit the expression of ALK-6 and BMPRII via the androgen receptor pathway in sheep GCs. The present study aimed to determine the expression of the main BMP-6-related main receptors, namely, ALK-6 and BMPRII, during the development of GCs in sheep antral follicles and a potential mechanism of DHT regulation in sheep GCs. Our findings lay a foundation for the further exploration of the effects of ovarian BMP-6 expression on follicular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshu Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, China
| | - Wenbo Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, China
| | - Ziqiang Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, China
| | - Jianlin Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, China
| | - Hongwei Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, China
| | - Xingxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, China.
| | - Junjie Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, China.
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11
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Haas CS, Oliveira FC, Rovani MT, Ferst JG, Vargas SF, Vieira AD, Mondadori RG, Pegoraro LM, Gonçalves PB, Bordignon V, Ferreira R, Gasperin BG. Bone morphogenetic protein 15 intrafollicular injection inhibits ovulation in cattle. Theriogenology 2022; 182:148-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Wang YW, Wu CH, Lin TY, Luo CW. Expression profiling of ovarian BMP antagonists reveals the potential interaction between TWSG1 and the chordin subfamily in the ovary. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 538:111457. [PMID: 34517078 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The TGF-β superfamily members and their antagonists comprise an indispensable system that controls mammalian ovarian development in a sophisticated manner. In contrast to a plethora of studies on the ovary-expressed TGF-β superfamily members, knowledge regarding their antagonists, including their expression profiles and antagonism preferences, is still lacking. Using quantitative PCR in rats and transcriptomic dataset comparisons in mice and humans, we set out to characterize the relative expression levels of most antagonists in the mammalian ovary. We found that Twsg1 and Nbl1 are the most abundant BMP antagonists expressed in the rodent and human ovaries, respectively. TWSG1 has been reported to have synergistic action with the chordin subfamily, including CHRD and CHRDL1, the genes of which also showed moderate expression in the mammalian ovary. Therefore, their ovarian expression profiles and antagonisms against the ovary-expressed TGF-β superfamily members were further characterized. Bioactivity tests indicated that TWSG1 alone can directly inhibit the signaling of BMP6 or BMP7. In addition, it can further enhance the antagonizing ability of CHRD towards BMP2, BMP4, BMP7 and GDF5, or CHRDL1's antagonism towards BMP2, BMP4, GDF5 and activin A. In combination with their distinct transcript profiles in ovarian compartments, our findings suggest that TWSG1 may work coordinately with CHRD within theca/interstitial shells and also with CHRDL1 in developing granulosa cells; these interactions would modulate the intraovarian functions of the TGF-β superfamily members, such as the control of progesterone production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Wen Wang
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsu Wu
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Lin
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wei Luo
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
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13
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Spicer LJ, Schutz LF, Aad PY. Effects of bone morphogenetic protein 4, gremlin, and connective tissue growth factor on estradiol and progesterone production by bovine granulosa cells. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6415266. [PMID: 34724558 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor-β family of proteins that have been implicated in the paracrine regulation of granulosa cell (GC) function, but whether responses to BMPs change with follicular size or interact with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) or BMP antagonists (e.g., gremlin [GREM]) to directly affect GC function of cattle is unknown. Therefore, to determine the effects of BMP4 on proliferation and steroidogenesis of GCs and its interaction with GREM or CTGF, experiments were conducted using bovine GC cultures. In vitro, BMP4 (30 ng/mL) inhibited (P < 0.05) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) plus insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1)-induced progesterone and estradiol production by large- and small-follicle GCs, but the inhibitory effect of BMP4 on estradiol production was much more pronounced in large-follicle GCs. In small-follicle GCs, BMP4 had no effect (P > 0.10) on IGF1-induced proliferation, but GREM inhibited (P < 0.05) cell proliferation and estradiol and progesterone production in IGF1 plus FSH-treated GCs. In large-follicle GCs, BMP4 (10 to 30 ng/mL) increased (P < 0.05) GC numbers and GREM (100 ng/mL) blocked this effect. In large-follicle GCs, CTGF inhibited (P < 0.05) FSH plus IGF1-induced progesterone and estradiol production, and CTGF blocked the stimulatory effect of BMP4 on GC proliferation. These results indicate that BMP4, GREM, and CTGF inhibit GC aromatase activity and progesterone production. Also, the stimulatory effect of BMP4 on GC proliferation and the inhibitory effects of BMP4 on GC steroidogenesis are more pronounced in large vs. small follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon J Spicer
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Luis F Schutz
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Pauline Y Aad
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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14
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Zhang XY, Chang HM, Yi Y, Zhu H, Liu RZ, Leung PCK. BMP6 increases CD68 expression by up-regulating CTGF expression in human granulosa-lutein cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 536:111414. [PMID: 34314740 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) are critical growth factors required for normal follicular development and luteal function. Cluster of Differentiation 68 (CD68) is an intraovarian marker of macrophages that plays an important role in modulating the physiological regression of the corpus luteum. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of BMP6 on the expression of CTGF and the subsequent increase in CD68 expression as well as its underlying mechanisms. Primary and immortalized (SVOG) human granulosa cells obtained from infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment were used as cell models to conduct the in vitro experiments. Our results showed that BMP6 treatment significantly increased the expression levels of CTGF and CD68. Using BMP type I receptor inhibitors (dorsomorphin, DMH-1 and SB431542), we demonstrated that both activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)2 and ALK3 are involved in BMP6-induced stimulatory effects on the expression of CTGF and CD68. Additionally, SMAD4-knock down reversed the BMP6-induced up-regulation of CTGF and CD68, indicating that the canonical SMAD signaling pathway is required for these effects. Moreover, CTGF-knock down abolished the BMP6-induced up-regulation of CD68 expression. These findings indicate that intrafollicular CTGF mediates BMP6-induced increases in CD68 expression through the ALK2/ALK3-mediated SMAD-dependent signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Hsun-Ming Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Yuyin Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Rui-Zhi Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada.
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Where are the theca cells from: the mechanism of theca cells derivation and differentiation. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 133:1711-1718. [PMID: 32530882 PMCID: PMC7401757 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian follicles are composed of oocytes, granulosa cells, and theca cells. Theca cells form in the secondary follicles, maintaining follicular structural integrity and secreting steroid hormones. Two main sources of theca cells exist: Wilms tumor 1 positive (Wt1+) cells native to the ovary and Gli1+ mesenchymal cells migrated from the mesonephros. Normal folliculogenesis is a process where oocytes, granulosa cells, and theca cells constantly interact with and support each other through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. The proliferation and differentiation of theca cells are regulated by oocyte-derived factors, including growth development factor 9 and bone morphogenetic protein 15, and granulosa cell-derived factors, including desert hedgehog, Indian hedgehog, kit ligand, insulin-like growth factor 1, as well as hormones such as insulin and growth hormones. Current research on the origin of theca cells is limited. Identifying the origin of theca cells will help us to systematically elaborate the mechanisms of follicular formation and development.
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Estradiol Upregulates the Expression of the TGF-β Receptors ALK5 and BMPR2 during the Gonadal Development of Schizothorax prenanti. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051365. [PMID: 34064919 PMCID: PMC8151950 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Schizothorax prenanti, known as the ya-fish, is mainly distributed in regions adjacent to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and is an endemic fish species with great economic importance in aquaculture in Western China. In the present study, we were aimed to explore the functions of ALK5 and BMPR2 during the gonadal development of S. prenanti. Our results suggest that ALK5 and BMPR2 may play a potentially vital role in both folliculogenesis and spermatogenesis in S. prenanti. Abstract TGF-β receptors play important roles in mediating TGF-β signals during gonadal development. To identify the functions of TGF-β receptors, including the type I receptor (activin receptor-like kinase 5, ALK5) and type II receptor (bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2, BMPR2), during the gonadal development of S. prenanti, the full-length cDNA sequences of ALK5 and BMPR2 were isolated and characterized. Their expression patterns in developing gonads and in the gonads of exogenous estradiol (E2) -fed fish were analyzed. The cDNAs of ALK5 and BMPR2 were 1925 bp and 3704 bp in length and encoded 501 and 1070 amino acid residues, respectively. ALK5 and BMPR2 were mostly expressed in gonads, particularly in cortical alveoli stage ovaries and mid-spermatogenic stage testes; however, the overall level of BMPR2 mRNA was higher than that of ALK5 during gonadal development. Furthermore, immunohistochemical signals of ALK5 and BMPR2 were mostly detected at chromatin nucleolar oocytes and perinuclear oocytes in ovaries and at spermatocytes and spermatogonia in testes. Exogenous E2 induces the gonadal expression of ALK5 and BMPR2, and BMPR2 is more responsive to E2 than ALK5. These results suggest that ALK5 and BMPR2 might play a potentially vital role in both folliculogenesis and spermatogenesis in S. prenanti.
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17
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Yang D, Yang X, Dai F, Wang Y, Yang Y, Hu M, Cheng Y. The Role of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 in Ovarian Function and Diseases. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:3316-3330. [PMID: 33966186 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00600-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are the largest subfamily of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily. BMP4 is a secreted protein that was originally identified due to its role in bone and cartilage development. Over the past decades, extensive literature has indicated that BMP4 and its receptors are widely expressed in the ovary. Dysregulation of BMP4 expression may play a vital role in follicular development, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and ovarian cancer. In this review, we summarized the expression pattern of BMP4 in the ovary, focused on the role of BMP4 in follicular development and steroidogenesis, and discussed the role of BMP4 in ovarian diseases such as polycystic ovary syndrome and ovarian cancer. Some studies have shown that the expression of BMP4 in the ovary is spatiotemporal and species specific, but the effects of BMP4 seem to be similar in follicular development of different species. In addition, BMP4 is involved in the development of hyperandrogenemia in PCOS and drug resistance in ovarian cancer, but further research is still needed to clarify the specific mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyong Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Fangfang Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Physics & Technology, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Yanxiang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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18
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Zhou J, Huang X, Xue B, Wei Y, Hua F. Bioinformatics analysis of the molecular mechanism of obesity in polycystic ovary syndrome. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:12631-12640. [PMID: 33910166 PMCID: PMC8148487 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Obesity is an important part of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) pathologies. The present study utilized the bioinformatics method to identify the molecular mechanism of obesity status in PCOS. Methods: Six transcriptome profiles of adipose tissue were obtained from online databases. The background correction and normalization were performed, and the DEGs were detected with the settings p < 0.05. The GO, KEGG pathway enrichment, and PPI network analysis were performed with the detected DEGs. Results: A total of 37 DGEs were found between obesity PCOS and healthy controls, and 8 of them were tested significant in the third database. The expression patterns of the 8 detected DGEs were then measured in another two datasets based on lean/obesity PCOS patients and healthy controls. The gene CHRDL1 was found to be in linear regression with the BMI index in PCOS patients (p = 0.0358), but such a difference was not found in healthy controls (p = 0.2487). The expression of CHRDL1 was significantly higher in obesity PCOS cases than the BMI matched healthy controls (p = 0.0415). Further enrichment research demonstrated the CHRDL1 might function as an inhibitor of the BMP4 or IGF1 signalling. Conclusion: In summary, the present study identified CHRDL1 as a candidate gene responsible for the obesity of PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Wujin Hospital of Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213017, China
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, China
| | - Bingshuang Xue
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Wujin Hospital of Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213017, China
| | - Yuhe Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Wujin Hospital of Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213017, China
| | - Fei Hua
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, China
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19
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Wu FJ, Wang YW, Luo CW. Human bone morphogenetic protein 8A promotes expansion and prevents apoptosis of cumulus cells in vitro. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 522:111121. [PMID: 33338549 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cumulus expansion is essential for ovulation and oocyte maturation in mammals. Previous studies suggest that this process requires certain cumulus expansion enabling factors, induced by LH surge, that activate SMAD signaling locally. However, their identities remain uncertain. Using a superovulated rat model, we showed that Bmp8 transcripts were abundant in cumulus cell-oocyte complexes (COCs) and their levels can be further induced during ovulation. By analyzing human COC-related transcriptomic datasets, BMP8 transcripts in cumulus cells were also found to be significantly elevated along with the maturation status and developmental competence of enclosed oocytes. In cultured rat COCs, treatment with recombinant BMP8A protein activated both SMAD1/5/8 and SMAD2/3 pathways; the resulting SMAD2/3 signaling induced COC expansion as well as the expression of COC expansion-related genes, whereas the resulting SMAD2/3 and SMAD1/5/8 activations were both required for protecting expanded cumulus cells from apoptosis. Taken together, our data demonstrated that addition of BMP8 protein in the in vitro rat COC cultures not only promotes cumulus expansion but also sustains survival of expanded cumulus cells via different SMAD downstreams. With these capabilities, BMP8 may have clinical applications to ameliorate the fertilizability and subsequent developmental competence of the enclosed oocytes when doing in vitro COC maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Ju Wu
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Wen Wang
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wei Luo
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
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20
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Falahati A, Ozaki Y, Damsteegt EL, Zadmajid V, Freeman KJ, Lokman PM. Spatiotemporal expression of activin receptor-like kinase-5 and bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II in the ovary of shortfinned eel, Anguilla australis. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 251:110509. [PMID: 33002594 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the eel ovary, the expression of growth differentiation factor-9 (Gdf9) appears to be largely confined to the germ cell in early stages of oogenesis. However, both the target tissue and the function of Gdf9 in fish remain unknown. This study aimed to describe the abundance and localization of activin receptor-like kinase-5 (Alk5) and bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II (Bmpr2), which together mediate the Gdf9 signal, in the ovary of a basal teleost, the shortfinned eel, Anguilla australis, during early folliculogenesis. The cDNA encoding eel alk5 and bmpr2 genes were cloned, characterized and the transcript abundances of these receptors quantified by quantitative real-time PCR. Ovarian transcript abundance for both receptors, along with that of gdf9 and of its paralogue bmp15, increased from the previtellogenic to early vitellogenic stage. Localization of receptor mRNAs by in situ hybridization revealed that these receptors are located in the somatic cells surrounding the oocyte. Furthermore, tissue distribution analysis showed that the expression of alk5 and bmpr2 were highest in ovary and thyroid, respectively. Unexpectedly, however, bmpr2 mRNA levels were lower in the ovary than in any of the other 17 tissues examined, and indeed, lower than ovarian gdf9 transcript abundance. These findings, together with the ovarian expression pattern of Gdf9, suggest that Gdf9, and conceivably, Bmp15, from the oocyte can signal through receptors that are located on the somatic cells surrounding the oocyte; this, in turn, facilitates elucidation of the function of these growth factors during oogenesis in teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Falahati
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Yuichi Ozaki
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 224-1 Hiruta, Tamaki, Watarai, Mie 519-0423, Japan
| | - Erin L Damsteegt
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Vahid Zadmajid
- Department of Fisheries Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Kaitlyn J Freeman
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - P Mark Lokman
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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21
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Luteinizing Hormone Action in Human Oocyte Maturation and Quality: Signaling Pathways, Regulation, and Clinical Impact. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:1223-1252. [PMID: 32046451 PMCID: PMC7190682 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-019-00137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The ovarian follicle luteinizing hormone (LH) signaling molecules that regulate oocyte meiotic maturation have recently been identified. The LH signal reduces preovulatory follicle cyclic nucleotide levels which releases oocytes from the first meiotic arrest. In the ovarian follicle, the LH signal reduces cyclic nucleotide levels via the CNP/NPR2 system, the EGF/EGF receptor network, and follicle/oocyte gap junctions. In the oocyte, reduced cyclic nucleotide levels activate the maturation promoting factor (MPF). The activated MPF induces chromosome segregation and completion of the first and second meiotic divisions. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the current understanding of human LH signaling regulation of oocyte meiotic maturation by identifying and integrating the human studies on this topic. We found 89 human studies in the literature that identified 24 LH follicle/oocyte signaling proteins. These studies show that human oocyte meiotic maturation is regulated by the same proteins that regulate animal oocyte meiotic maturation. We also found that these LH signaling pathway molecules regulate human oocyte quality and subsequent embryo quality. Remarkably, in vitro maturation (IVM) prematuration culture (PMC) protocols that manipulate the LH signaling pathway improve human oocyte quality of cultured human oocytes. This knowledge has improved clinical human IVM efficiency which may become a routine alternative ART for some infertile patients.
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22
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Man Y, Zhao R, Gao X, Liu Y, Zhao S, Lu G, Chan WY, Leung PCK, Bian Y. TOX3 Promotes Ovarian Estrogen Synthesis: An RNA-Sequencing and Network Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:615846. [PMID: 33716953 PMCID: PMC7945945 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.615846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women who undergo chronic exposure to excessive estrogen are at a high risk of developing breast cancer. TOX3 has been reported to be highly expressed in breast tumors and is closely related to estrogen receptors. However, the effect of TOX3 on estrogen synthesis remains poorly understood. METHODS Using lentiviruses as a vector, we stably overexpressed TOX3 in the ovarian granulosa cell line KGN, the cells where estradiol is primarily produced, to investigate its role in estrogen production as well as cell viability and apoptosis. RNA-Sequencing was applied to uncover the global gene expression upon TOX3 overexpression. RESULTS We observed an increased level of cell viability and a reduced cell apoptosis rate after TOX3 overexpression, and the level of estradiol in the cell culture supernatant also increased significantly. Gene set enrichment analysis of the transcriptome showed that the ovarian steroidogenesis pathway was significantly enriched. Similarly, pathway mapping using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology analyses also showed that TOX3 overexpression affects the ovarian steroidogenesis pathway. Further experiments showed that upregulated FSHR, CYP19A1, and BMP6 accounted for the enhanced estrogen synthesis. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that TOX3 quantitatively and qualitatively stimulates estrogen synthesis by enhancing estrogen signaling pathway-related gene expression in ovarian granulosa cells. These findings suggest that TOX3 may play a vital role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Man
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rusong Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xueying Gao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shigang Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Gang Lu
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai-Yee Chan
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peter C. K. Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yuehong Bian
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Yuehong Bian,
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23
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Alam MH, Miyano T. Interaction between growing oocytes and granulosa cells in vitro. Reprod Med Biol 2020; 19:13-23. [PMID: 31956281 PMCID: PMC6955591 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oocyte growth is accompanied by follicular development in mammalian ovaries. Since the discovery of two oocyte-derived factors, growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), knowledge of the bidirectional communication between oocytes and granulosa cells for ovarian function and fertility has been accumulated. In addition, the growth culture system of oocytes has been improved, further promoting the studies on the communication between oocytes and granulosa cells in vitro. METHODS We provide an overview of the role of granulosa cells in oocyte growth and the role of oocytes in follicular development along with our recent findings in culture experiments of bovine growing oocytes. MAIN FINDINGS Granulosa cells supply nutrients and metabolites through gap junctions to oocytes and secrete paracrine signals to regulate oocytes. Oocytes regulate granulosa cell proliferation and differentiation and induce antrum formation via GDF9 and BMP15. CONCLUSION Oocytes actively participate in various aspects of follicular development, including antrum formation via the oocyte-derived factors GDF9 and BMP15, whose synthesis is probably regulated by granulosa cells. In vitro studies will reveal the precise communication loop between oocytes and granulosa cells that facilitates the coordinated development of oocytes and granulosa cells in the follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Hasanur Alam
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal HusbandryBangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensinghBangladesh
- Graduate School of Agricultural ScienceKobe UniversityKobeJapan
| | - Takashi Miyano
- Graduate School of Agricultural ScienceKobe UniversityKobeJapan
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Regulation of AMH, AMHR-II, and BMPs (2,6) Genes of Bovine Granulosa Cells Treated with Exogenous FSH and Their Association with Protein Hormones. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10121038. [PMID: 31842416 PMCID: PMC6947534 DOI: 10.3390/genes10121038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is an important reproductive marker of ovarian reserve produced by granulosa cells (GCs) of pre-antral and early-antral ovarian follicles in several species, including cattle. This hormone plays a vital role during the recruitment of primordial follicles and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)-dependent follicular growth. However, the regulatory mechanism of AMH expression in follicles is still unclear. In this study, we compared the expression of AMH, AMHR-II, BMP2, BMP6, FSHR, and LHCGR genes during follicular development. In-vitro expression study was performed with and without FSH for AMH, AMHR-II, BMP2, and BMP6 genes in bovine GCs which were isolated from 3–8 mm follicles. Association among the mRNA expression and hormone level was estimated. GCs were collected from small (3–8 mm), medium (9–12 mm) and large size (13 to 24 mm) follicles before, during onset, and after deviation, respectively. Further, mRNA expression, hormones (AMH, FSH, and LH), apoptosis of GCs, and cell viability were detected by qRT-PCR, ELISA, flow cytometry, and spectrophotometry. AMH, AMHR-II, BMP2, and FSHR genes were highly expressed in small and medium follicles as compared to large ones. In addition, the highest level of AMH protein (84.14 ± 5.41 ng/mL) was found in medium-size follicles. Lower doses of FSH increased the viability of bovine GCs while higher doses repressed them. In-vitro cultured GCs treated with FSH significantly increased the AMH, AMHR-II, and BMP2 expression levels at lower doses, while expression levels decreased at higher doses. We found an optimum level of FSH (25 ng/mL) which can significantly enhance AMH and BMP2 abundance (p < 0.05). In summary, AMH, AMHR-II, and BMP2 genes showed a higher expression in follicles developed in the presence of FSH. However, lower doses of FSH demonstrated a stimulatory effect on AMH and BMP2 expression, while expression started to decline at the maximum dose. In this study, we have provided a better understanding of the mechanisms regulating AMH, AMHR II, and BMP2 signaling in GCs during folliculogenesis, which would improve the outcomes of conventional assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), such as superovulation and oestrus synchronization in bovines.
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AMH: Could It Be Used as A Biomarker for Fertility and Superovulation in Domestic Animals? Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10121009. [PMID: 31817280 PMCID: PMC6947652 DOI: 10.3390/genes10121009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a reliable and easily detectable reproductive marker for the fertility competence of many farm animal species. AMH is also a good predictor of superovulation in cattle, sheep, and mares. In this review, we have summarized the recent findings related to AMH and its predictive reliability related to fertility and superovulation in domestic animals, especially in cattle. We focused on: (1) the dynamics of AMH level from infancy to prepubescence as well as during puberty and adulthood; (2) AMH as a predictor of fertility; (3) the association between antral follicle count (AFC) and plasma AMH level; (4) AMH as a predictor of superovulation; and (5) factors affecting AMH levels in domestic animals, especially cattle. Many factors affect the circulatory levels of AMH when considering the plasma, like nutrition, activity of granulosa cells, disease state and endocrine disruptions during fetal life. Briefly, we concluded that AMH concentrations are static within individuals, and collection of a single dose of blood has become more popular in the field of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). It may act as a potential predictor of fertility, superovulation, and ovarian disorders in domestic animals. However, due to the limited research in domestic animals, this potential of AMH remains underutilized.
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Haas CS, Rovani MT, Ilha GF, Bertolin K, Ferst JG, Bridi A, Bordignon V, Duggavathi R, Antoniazzi AQ, Gonçalves PBD, Gasperin BG. Transforming growth factor-beta family members are regulated during induced luteolysis in cattle. Anim Reprod 2019; 16:829-837. [PMID: 32368260 PMCID: PMC7189511 DOI: 10.21451/1984-3143-ar2018-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factors beta (TGFβ) are local factors produced by ovarian cells which, after binding to their receptors, regulate follicular deviation and ovulation. However, their regulation and function during corpus luteum (CL) regression has been poorly investigated. The present study evaluated the mRNA regulation of some TGFβ family ligands and their receptors in the bovine CL during induced luteolysis in vivo. On day 10 of the estrous cycle, cows received an injection of prostaglandin F2α (PGF) and luteal samples were obtained from separate groups of cows (n= 4-5 cows per time-point) at 0, 2, 12, 24 or 48 h after treatment. Since TGF beta family comprises more than 30 ligands, we focused in some candidates genes such as activin receptors (ACVR-1A, -1B, -2A, -2B) AMH, AMHR2, BMPs (BMP-1, -2, -3, -4, -6 and -7), BMP receptors (BMPR-1A, -1B and -2), inhibin subunits (INH-A, -BA, -BB) and betaglycan (TGFBR3). The mRNA levels of BMP4, BMP6 and INHBA were higher at 2 h after PGF administration (P<0.05) in comparison to 0 h. The relative mRNA abundance of BMP1, BMP2, BMP3, BMP4, BMP6, ACVR1B, INHBA and INHBB was upregulated up to 12 h post PGF (P<0.05). On the other hand, TGFBR3 mRNA that codes for a reservoir of ligands that bind to TGF-beta receptors, was lower at 48 h. In conclusion, findings from this study demonstrated that genes encoding several TGFβ family members are expressed in a time-specific manner after PGF administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sangoi Haas
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Patologia Animal, Capão do Leão, RS, Brasil
| | - Monique Tomazele Rovani
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Patologia Animal, Capão do Leão, RS, Brasil
| | - Gustavo Freitas Ilha
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Reprodução Animal, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Kalyne Bertolin
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Reprodução Animal, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Juliana Germano Ferst
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Reprodução Animal, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Alessandra Bridi
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Reprodução Animal, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Vilceu Bordignon
- McGill University, Department of Animal Science, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Raj Duggavathi
- McGill University, Department of Animal Science, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Alfredo Quites Antoniazzi
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Reprodução Animal, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Paulo Bayard Dias Gonçalves
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Reprodução Animal, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
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Yang Y, Kanno C, Sakaguchi K, Katagiri S, Yanagawa Y, Nagano M. Theca cells can support bovine oocyte growth in vitro without the addition of steroid hormones. Theriogenology 2019; 142:41-47. [PMID: 31574399 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Theca cells (TCs) are essential to folliculogenesis by contributing to steroidogenesis. However, the in vitro growth (IVG) of oocytes co-cultured with TCs has not yet been examined. In the present study, we investigated the feasibility of the IVG of bovine oocyte-cumulus-granulosa cell complexes (OCGCs) co-cultured with TCs and the developmental competence of co-cultured oocytes. OCGCs and TCs were co-cultured without steroid hormone addition for 12 days. Steroidogenesis, the viability of OCGCs, and TC numbers during co-culture were assessed every 4 days. After IVG, oocytes were matured and the nuclear status was evaluated. Some oocytes were inseminated and cultured to examine blastocyst development. During the co-culture, androstenedione production by TCs was only observed during the first 4 days (1.1 ng/well) while estradiol-17β was continuously produced, peaking during the second 4 days (0.5 ng/well). The number of TCs decreased to ∼60% of the seeding number (4.0 × 104 cells/well) during the first 4 days, and was maintained thereafter. The majority of co-cultured OCGCs (82.7%) survived after 12-day IVG. Only a few OCGCs (6.2%) survived in the OCGC culture without TCs (p < 0.01); however, the addition of androstenedione to the culture medium markedly improved survivability to 80.1%, which was similar to that in the co-culture with TCs. In the subsequent development of oocytes derived from the co-culture, 58.3% reached metaphase II stage, 58.7% cleaved, and 17.3% developed to blastocysts, which were similar values to those of oocytes cultured with the addition of androstenedione. In conclusion, TC-produced androgen contributes to OCGC growth and the acquisition of subsequent embryonic developmental competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Yang
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
| | - Chihiro Kanno
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
| | - Kenichiro Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
| | - Seiji Katagiri
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
| | - Yojiro Yanagawa
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
| | - Masashi Nagano
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
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Liu Y, Chen M, Zhao X, Ren X, Shao S, Zou M, Zhang L. Bone morphogenetic protein 6 expression in cumulus cells is negatively associated with oocyte maturation. HUM FERTIL 2019; 24:290-297. [PMID: 31495245 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2019.1660003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) is a regulatory peptide secreted by oocytes and granulosa cells that locally regulates folliculogenesis and follicular development. To determine BMP6 location, we studied BMP6 expression in human follicles using immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis. RT-PCR was performed on 354 individual cumulus cell (CC) masses from 48 women to investigate the relationship between BMP6 mRNA expression in CCs and oocyte developmental potential. Results showed that BMP6 protein was mainly located in oocytes from preantral follicles and in granulosa cells from antral follicles. BMP6 mRNA expression was much higher in oocytes than in CCs and mural granulosa cells (mGCs) from preovulatory follicles (p < 0.01), and BMP6 protein level was higher in CCs than in mGCs (p < 0.05). BMP6 mRNA expression was higher in CCs from immature oocytes than in those from mature oocytes (p < 0.05). However, BMP6 mRNA expression in CCs was not associated with oocyte fertilization, embryo morphological grading, or implantation. In conclusion, BMP6 was mainly expressed in oocytes at all human follicular developmental stages and BMP6 mRNA expression in CCs may be negatively correlated with oocyte maturation. BMP6 expression could therefore be used as a biomarker of oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Mei Chen
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xinling Ren
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Shumin Shao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Min Zou
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
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29
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Chu YL, Xu YR, Yang WX, Sun Y. The role of FSH and TGF-β superfamily in follicle atresia. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:305-321. [PMID: 29500332 PMCID: PMC5892684 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Most of the mammalian follicles undergo a degenerative process called “follicle atresia”. Apoptosis of granulosa cells is the main characteristic of follicle atresia. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily have important regulatory functions in this process. FSH activates protein kinase A and cooperating with insulin receptor substrates, it promotes the PI3K/Akt pathway which weakens apoptosis. Both Smad or non-Smad signaling of the transforming growth factor β superfamily seem to be related to follicle atresia, and the effect of several important family members on follicle atresia is concluded in this article. FSH and TGF-β are likely to mutually influence each other and what we have already known about the possible underlying molecular mechanism is also discussed below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lan Chu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ya-Ru Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Bertoldo MJ, Cheung MY, Sia ZK, Agapiou D, Corley SM, Wilkins MR, Richani D, Harrison CA, Gilchrist RB. Non-canonical cyclic AMP SMAD1/5/8 signalling in human granulosa cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 490:37-46. [PMID: 30953749 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Development of mammalian ovarian follicles is promoted by the combined action of endocrine cues and paracrine factors. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), through the action of cAMP drives follicular growth and development. The oocyte secretes powerful growth factors such as bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) to regulate granulosa cell proliferation, metabolism, steroidogenesis and differentiation through the activation of SMAD1/5/8. This study investigated the role of the cAMP signalling pathway on SMAD1/5/8 action in human granulosa cells. Cyclic AMP enhanced BMP15-induction of a SMAD1/5/8-specific BRE reporter. Moreover, in the absence of BMP ligand, cAMP also activated SMAD1/5/8-induced BRE activity. Cyclic AMP increased canonical downstream targets of BMP signalling such as inhibitor of differentiation (ID) mRNA expression. The observed effects were not mediated by secretion of BMPs as cAMP did not promote BMP ligand mRNA expression and a BMP extracellular antagonist, the BMP type II receptor ectodomain, did not affect cAMP-induced ID mRNA expression. Finally, the ERK1/2 pathway was shown to be required for the maintenance of cAMP-induced SMAD1/5/8 activity. Together our results suggest a novel and non-canonical pathway for cAMP signalling in human granulosa cells. Cyclic AMP appears to promote SMAD1/5/8 pathway activity intracellularly and has the ability to activate canonical SMAD1/5/8 downstream targets. Our results add another layer of complexity to the interactions between endocrine signalling and oocyte-secreted BMP ligands during folliculogenesis. Given the importance of both cAMP and SMAD1/5/8 pathways in follicular development, these interactions are likely required for the fine-tuning of oocyte paracrine signalling by endocrine stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Bertoldo
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Fertility and Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - M Y Cheung
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Fertility and Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Z K Sia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Fertility and Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - D Agapiou
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Fertility and Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - S M Corley
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, NSW Systems Biology Initiative, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - M R Wilkins
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, NSW Systems Biology Initiative, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - D Richani
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Fertility and Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - C A Harrison
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - R B Gilchrist
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Fertility and Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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31
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Demiray SB, Goker ENT, Tavmergen E, Yilmaz O, Calimlioglu N, Soykam HO, Oktem G, Sezerman U. Differential gene expression analysis of human cumulus cells. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2019; 46:76-86. [PMID: 31181875 PMCID: PMC6572664 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2019.46.2.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was performed to explore the possibility that each oocyte and its surrounding cumulus cells might have different genetic expression patterns that could affect human reproduction. Methods Differential gene expression analysis was performed for 10 clusters of cumulus cells obtained from 10 cumulus-oocyte complexes from 10 patients. Same procedures related to oocyte maturation, microinjection, and microarray analyses were performed for each group of cumulus cells. Two differential gene expression analyses were performed: one for the outcome of clinical pregnancy and one for the outcome of live birth. Results Significant genes resulting from these analyses were selected and the top 20 affected pathways in each group were analyzed. Circadian entrainment is determined to be the most affected pathway for clinical pregnancy, and proteoglycans in cancer pathway is the most affected pathway for live birth. Circadian entrainment is also amongst the 12 pathways that are found to be in top 20 affected pathways for both outcomes, and has both lowest p-value and highest number of times found count. Conclusion Although further confirmatory studies are necessary, findings of this study suggest that these pathways, especially circadian entrainment in cumulus cells, may be essential for embryo development and pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirin Bakti Demiray
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Erol Tavmergen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Yilmaz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nilufer Calimlioglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Gulperi Oktem
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ugur Sezerman
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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Jones ASK, Shikanov A. Follicle development as an orchestrated signaling network in a 3D organoid. J Biol Eng 2019; 13:2. [PMID: 30647770 PMCID: PMC6327556 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-018-0134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The ovarian follicle is the structural and functional unit of the ovary, composed of the female gamete (the oocyte) and supportive somatic cells. Follicles are not only the source of a female's germ cell supply, but also secrete important hormones necessary for proper endocrine function. Folliculogenesis, the growth and maturation of the follicular unit, is a complex process governed by both intrafollicular crosstalk and pituitary-secreted hormones. While the later stages of this process are gonadotropin-dependent, early folliculogenesis appears to be controlled by the ovarian microenvironment and intrafollicular paracrine and autocrine signaling. In vitro follicle culture remains challenging because of the limited knowledge of growth factors and other cytokines influencing early follicle growth. Here we discuss the current state of knowledge on paracrine and autocrine signaling influencing primary follicles as they develop into the antral stage. Given the importance of intrafollicular signaling and the ovarian microenvironment, we reviewed the current engineering approaches for in vitro follicle culture, including 3D systems using natural hydrogels such as alginate and synthetic hydrogels such as poly(ethylene glycol). Our discussion is focused on what drives the proliferation of granulosa cells, development of the thecal layer, and antrum formation-three processes integral to follicle growth up to the antral stage. Further research in this area may reveal the mechanisms behind these complex signaling relationships within the follicle, leading to more successful and physiologically-relevant in vitro culture methods that will translate well to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S. K. Jones
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2126 Lurie Biomedical Engineering, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Ariella Shikanov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2126 Lurie Biomedical Engineering, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
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Supplementation of in vitro culture medium with FSH to grow follicles and mature oocytes can be replaced by extracts of Justicia insularis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208760. [PMID: 30532263 PMCID: PMC6286020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effect of supplementing in vitro culture medium with J. insularis compared to FSH on isolated secondary follicles and in vitro maturation of oocytes from those follicles. Secondary follicles were isolated from sheep ovaries and individually cultured for 18 days in α-MEM+ (Control), α-MEM+ supplemented with 100 ng/mL recombinant bovine follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) or with 0.3, 1.25, or 2.5 mg/mL of J. insularis extract (JI0.3, JI1.25, and JI2.5, respectively). Culture medium collected every 2 days was used to measure ROS levels. At the end of the culture period, cumulus oocytes complex (COCs) were collected and matured in vitro. Follicular walls were used for mRNA quantitation. JI0.3 led to a higher (P < 0.05) percentages of intact follicles than other groups after 18 days of culture. While follicular diameter remained unchanged from Day 6 onwards with JI0.3 and FSH, percentages of antral cavity formation were higher (P < 0.05) with JI0.3 at Day 6 than in all other treatments. No differences were observed between controls and treatment groups regarding ROS levels and mRNA expression of genes. Viability of resulting oocytes was higher (P < 0.05) in JI0.3 compared to FSH. Interestingly, in control experiment, supplementation of maturation medium with JI0.3 led to higher (P < 0.05) percentages of metaphase II compared to controls. Although more validations will be needed, it seems that this natural extract could be used as a cheap and easily available alternative to commercial FSH.
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Glister C, Regan SL, Samir M, Knight P. Gremlin, Noggin, Chordin and follistatin differentially modulate BMP induced suppression of androgen secretion by bovine ovarian theca cells. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 62:JME-18-0198.R1. [PMID: 30400042 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are firmly implicated as intra-ovarian regulators of follicle function and steroidogenesis but information is lacking regarding the regulation of BMP signalling by extracellular binding proteins co-expressed in the ovary. In this study we compared the abilities of four BMP binding proteins (gremlin, noggin, chordin, follistatin) to antagonize the action of four different BMPs (BMP2 BMP4, BMP6, BMP7) on LH-induced androstenedione secretion by bovine theca cells in primary culture. Expression of the four BMP binding proteins and BMPs investigated here has previously been documented in bovine follicles. All four BMPs suppressed androstenedione secretion by >85%. Co-treatment with gremlin antagonized BMP2- and, less potently, BMP4-induced suppression of androgen secretion but did not affect responses to BMP6 and BMP7. Noggin antagonized the effects of three BMPs (rank order: BMP4 > BMP2 > BMP7) but did not affect the response to BMP6. Follistatin partially reversed the suppressive effects of BMP6 on androgen secretion but did not affect BMP2, BMP4 and BMP7 action. Chordin had no effect on the response to any of the four BMPs. BMP6 treatment upregulated thecal expression of GREM1, NOG, CHRD and SMAD6 mRNA whilst inhibiting expression of the four BMPs. Taken together with previous work documenting the intra-ovarian expression of different BMPs, BMP binding proteins and signalling receptors, these observations reinforce the conclusion that extracellular binding proteins selectively modulate BMP-dependent alterations in thecal steroidogenesis. As such they likely constitute an important regulatory component of this, and other intra-ovarian actions of BMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Glister
- C Glister, Sch of Biological Sciences, Reading University, Reading, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Sheena L Regan
- S Regan, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Moafaq Samir
- M Samir, Sch of Biological Sciences, Reading University, Reading, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Pg Knight
- P Knight, Sch of Biological Sciences, Reading University, Reading, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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El-Halawany N, Kandil OM, Shawky AEMA, Al-Tohamy AF, El-Sayd YA, Abdel-Shafy H, Abou-Fandoud ESI, Abdel-Azeem SN, El-Rahim AHA, Abdoon AS, Michal JJ, Jiang Z. Investigating the effect of GDF9 , BMP15 , BMP6 and BMPR1B polymorphisms on Egyptian sheep fecundity and their transcripts expression in ovarian cells. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zhang XY, Chang HM, Taylor EL, Liu RZ, Leung PCK. BMP6 Downregulates GDNF Expression Through SMAD1/5 and ERK1/2 Signaling Pathways in Human Granulosa-Lutein Cells. Endocrinology 2018; 159:2926-2938. [PMID: 29750278 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 6 is a critical regulator of follicular development that is expressed in mammalian oocytes and granulosa cells. Glial cell line‒derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is an intraovarian neurotrophic factor that plays an essential role in regulating mammalian oocyte maturation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of BMP6 on the regulation of GDNF expression and the potential underlying mechanisms. We used an established immortalized human granulosa cell line (SVOG cells) and primary human granulosa-lutein (hGL) cells as in vitro cell models. Our results showed that BMP6 significantly downregulated the expression of GDNF in both SVOG and primary hGL cells. With dual inhibition approaches (kinase receptor inhibitor and small interfering RNA knockdown), our results showed that both activin receptor kinase-like (ALK) 2 and ALK3 are involved in BMP6-induced downregulation of GDNF. In addition, BMP6 induced the phosphorylation of Sma- and Mad-related protein (SMAD)1/5/8 and ERK1/2 but not AKT or p38. Among three downstream mediators, both SMAD1 and SMAD5 are involved in BMP6-induced downregulation of GDNF. Moreover, concomitant knockdown of endogenous SMAD4 and inhibition of ERK1/2 activity completely reversed BMP6-induced downregulation of GDNF, indicating that both SMAD and ERK1/2 signaling pathways are required for the regulatory effect of BMP6 on GDNF expression. Our findings suggest an additional role for an intrafollicular growth factor in regulating follicular function through paracrine interactions in human granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hsun-Ming Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elizabeth L Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rui-Zhi Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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The Mechanism of Melatonin and Its Receptor MT2 Involved in the Development of Bovine Granulosa Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072028. [PMID: 30002300 PMCID: PMC6073438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) are a critical approach to investigate the mechanism of gene regulation during folliculogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of MT2 in bovine GCs, and assess whether MT2 silencing affected GCs response to melatonin. We found that MT2 silencing significantly decreased the secretion of progesterone and estradiol, and increased the concentration of inhibin B and activin B. To further reveal the regulatory mechanism of MT2 silencing on steroids synthesis, it was found that the expression of CYP19A1 and CYP11A1 enzymes (steroid hormone synthesis) were down-regulated, while genes related to hormonal synthesis (StAR, RUNX2, INHA and INHBB) were up-regulated without affecting the expression of INHBA, suggesting that MT2 silencing may regulate hormone abundance. Furthermore, MT2 silencing significantly increased the expression of TGFBR3 and BMP6, and decreased the expression of LHR and DNMT1A without significant difference in the expression of FSHR and EGFR. In addition, MT2 silencing didn’t affect the effect of melatonin on increasing the expression of DNMT1A, EGFR, INHBA and LHR, and progesterone level, or decreasing INHA, TGFBR3 and StAR expression, and production of inhibin B. Moreover, MT2 silencing could disrupt the role of melatonin in decreasing the FSHR, INHBB and BMP6 expression, and activin B secretion. In conclusion, these results reveal that melatonin and MT2 are essential regulator of bovine GCs function by modulating reproduction-related genes expression, hormones secretion and other regulators of folliculogenesis.
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Otsuka F. Modulation of bone morphogenetic protein activity by melatonin in ovarian steroidogenesis. Reprod Med Biol 2018; 17:228-233. [PMID: 30013422 PMCID: PMC6046534 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin regulates circadian and seasonal rhythms and the activities of hormones and cytokines that are expressed in various tissues, including the ovary, in which melatonin receptors are expressed. In the ovary, follicular growth occurs as a result of complex interactions between pituitary gonadotropins and autocrine and paracrine factors, including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) that are expressed in the ovary. METHODS The effects of melatonin and BMPs on steroidogenesis were examined by using the primary cultures of rat granulosa cells. MAIN FINDINGS RESULTS It was shown that melatonin has antagonistic effects on BMP-6 actions in the granulosa cells, suggesting that melatonin is likely to contribute to balancing the biological activity of endogenous BMPs that maintain progesterone production and luteinization in the growing follicles. Similar interactions between melatonin and BMP-smad signaling also were shown in the mechanism of controlling ovarian steroidogenesis by other ligands. CONCLUSION A new role of melatonin in the regulation of endocrine homeostasis in relation to BMP activity is introduced in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Otsuka
- Department of General MedicineOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
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Rajabi Z, Khokhar Z, Yazdekhasti H. The Growth of Preantral Follicles and the Impact of Different Supplementations and Circumstances: A Review Study with Focus on Bovine and Human Preantral Follicles. Cell Reprogram 2018; 20:164-177. [PMID: 29782184 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2017.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most important concerns cancer survivors face is fertility. Current treatment modalities often result in damage to the reproductive system. Different options have been proposed to preserve the fertility of affected women, and many attempts have been made to improve their chance of childbearing after therapy. Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue and follicles before the onset of cancer treatment and then either transplantation of ovarian tissue or culture of ovarian tissue and individual follicles in vitro is a commonly cited approach. Extensive research is being done to design an optimal condition for the culture of ovarian follicles. Improving follicle culture systems by understanding their actual growth needs might be a crucial step toward fertility preservation in cancer patients. This review article will try to provide a summary of the role of different factors and conditions on growth of human and bovine preantral follicles in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rajabi
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran .,2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Zunair Khokhar
- 3 Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Hossein Yazdekhasti
- 4 Center for Research in Contraception and Reproductive Health, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia.,5 Center for Membrane & Cell Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
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Rajesh G, Mishra SR, Paul A, Punetha M, Vidyalakshmi GM, Narayanan K, Bag S, Bhure SK, Singh Chouhan V, Maurya VP, Singh G, Sarkar M. Transcriptional and translational abundance of Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 2, 4, 6, 7 and their receptors BMPR1A, 1B and BMPR2 in buffalo ovarian follicle and the role of BMP4 and BMP7 on estrogen production and survival of cultured granulosa cells. Res Vet Sci 2018; 118:371-388. [PMID: 29684814 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BMPs and their receptors modulate the granulosa cell (GC) function in the follicle of domestic animals. Since little is known on BMPs in the buffalo, the present study was aimed to investigate the expression of BMP2, 4, 6, 7 and their receptors BMPR1A, BMPR1B, BMPR2 in the GC and theca cells (TC) of ovarian follicles and the role of BMP4 and BMP7 on buffalo GC. Follicles were classified into four groups based on size and E2 level in the follicular fluid as follows: (i) Group1(4-6 mm; <0.5 ng/mL) (ii) Group 2 (7-9 mm; 0.5-5 ng/mL) (iii) Group 3 (10-13 mm; 5-40 ng/mL) and (iv) Group 4 (dominant follicle) (>13 mm; >180 ng/mL). The results revealed that except BMP6, BMP2, 4 7 and receptors BMPR1A, BMPR1B and BMPR2 showed a minimum of 1.5-2 fold increase in mRNA expression in the GC of dominant follicle as compared to other follicle classes. In the dominant follicle, a two-fold increase in BMP4 and BMP7 expression was observed in the TC. At 100 ng/mL, the BMP4 and BMP7 either alone or in combination maximally down-regulated CASPASE3 and stimulated the transcripts of PCNA, FSHR and CYP19A1 that was supported by E2 secretion in the granulosa cell culture suggesting their role in cell survival and E2 production. In conclusion, GC and TC of dominant follicles express BMP 2, 4, 6, 7 and their receptors BMPR1A, BMPR1B and BMPR2. BMP4 and BMP7 stimulate E2 production and promote GC survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rajesh
- Physiology & Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India; Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Veterinary College and Research Institute, TANUVAS, Tirunelveli, India
| | - S R Mishra
- Physiology & Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - A Paul
- Physiology & Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - M Punetha
- Physiology & Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - G M Vidyalakshmi
- Physiology & Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - K Narayanan
- Animal Reproduction Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - S Bag
- Physiology & Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - S K Bhure
- Animal Biochemistry division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - V Singh Chouhan
- Physiology & Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - V P Maurya
- Physiology & Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - G Singh
- Physiology & Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Mihir Sarkar
- Physiology & Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
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Nishiyama Y, Hasegawa T, Fujita S, Iwata N, Nagao S, Hosoya T, Inagaki K, Wada J, Otsuka F. Incretins modulate progesterone biosynthesis by regulating bone morphogenetic protein activity in rat granulosa cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 178:82-88. [PMID: 29129645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of incretins on ovarian steroidogenesis have not been clarified. In this study, we investigated the effects of incretins, including GIP and GLP-1, on ovarian steroidogenesis using rat primary granulosa cells. Treatment with incretins significantly suppressed progesterone synthesis in the presence of FSH, and the effect of GIP was more potent than that of GLP-1. In contrast, incretins had no significant effect on estrogen synthesis by rat granulosa cells. In accordance with the effects of incretins on steroidogenesis, GIP and GLP-1 suppressed the expression of progesterogenic factors and enzymes, including StAR, P450scc, 3βHSD, but not P450arom, and cellular cAMP synthesis induced by FSH. In addition, incretins moderately increased FSHR mRNA expression in granulosa cells. Of note, treatment with GIP, but not treatment with GLP-1, augmented Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation and transcription of the BMP target gene Id-1 induced by BMP-6 stimulation, suggesting that GIP upregulates BMP receptor signaling that can inhibit FSH-induced progesterone synthesis in rat granulosa cells. On the other hand, BMP-6 treatment suppressed the expression of GIP receptor but not that of GLP-1 receptor. Expression of the BMP type-I receptor ALK-3 was upregulated by treatment with GIP and GLP-1 and that of ALK-6 was also increased by GIP, while inhibitory Smad6 expression was impaired by GIP and GLP-1 in rat granulosa cells. Collectively, the results indicate that incretins, particularly GIP, impair FSH-induced progesterone production, at least in part, by upregulating BMP signaling in rat granulosa cells. The modulatory effects of incretins on endogenous BMP activity may be applicable to treatment of dysregulated steroidogenesis such as polycystic ovary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nishiyama
- Departments of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toru Hasegawa
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shiho Fujita
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Nahoko Iwata
- Departments of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Satoko Nagao
- Departments of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hosoya
- Departments of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kenichi Inagaki
- Departments of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Jun Wada
- Departments of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Fumio Otsuka
- Departments of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
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Abstract
The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) system in the ovary plays a physiological role as a luteinization inhibitor in growing follicles. BMP-6 secreted from oocytes and granulosa cells can exert an inhibitory effect on follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) actions by suppressing adenylate cyclase activity downstream of the FSH receptor. The inhibition of FSH-induced progesterone production by BMP-6 is impaired by melatonin treatment in granulosa cells. Intracellular Smad signaling induced by BMP-6 is suppressed by melatonin, suggesting that melatonin has a regulatory role in BMP receptor signaling in granulosa cells. Since the expression of BMP-6 in granulosa cells is increased in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, melatonin may play an important role in the maintenance of progesterone production by suppressing BMP-6 signaling, leading to the preservation of ovarian function.
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Belli M, Shimasaki S. Molecular Aspects and Clinical Relevance of GDF9 and BMP15 in Ovarian Function. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2018; 107:317-348. [PMID: 29544636 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Growth and differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) are oocyte-secreted factors with a leading role in the control of ovarian function in female reproduction, modulating both the cell fate of the somatic granulosa cells and the quality and developmental competence of the egg. This short review aims to consolidate the molecular aspects of GDF9 and BMP15 and their integral actions in female fertility to understand particularly their effects on oocyte quality and fetal growth. The significant consequences of mutations in the GDF9 and BMP15 genes in women with dizygotic twins as well as the clinical relevance of these oocyte factors in the pathogenesis of primary ovarian insufficiency and polycystic ovary syndrome are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Belli
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Shunichi Shimasaki
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States.
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Effect of bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4 on survival and development of bovine secondary follicles cultured in vitro. Theriogenology 2017; 110:44-51. [PMID: 29331831 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of bone morphogenetic proteins 2 (BMP2) and 4 (BMP2) on follicle development and mRNA expression for GDF9, Cyclin B1, BMPR1A, BMPR1B, BMPRII, FSHR and SMAD1 in bovine secondary follicles cultured in vitro. Isolated secondary follicles were cultured for 18 days in TCM199+ medium alone or supplemented with BMP2 (10 ng/mL), BMP4 (100 ng/mL) or combination of both BMP2 and 4. Real-time PCR was used to analyze mRNA levels in fresh and cultured follicles. After 18 days of culture, follicles cultured with BMP2 alone or with BMP4 alone had larger diameters when compared to control (P < .05). In addition, all treatments promoted antrum formation and maintained a high viability rate through the growing period. The presence of BMP2, BMP4 or both together did not influence mRNA expression for the tested genes. However, the in vitro culture induces down-regulation for mRNA expression of BMPR1A. In conclusion, the addition of BMP2 or BMP4 alone in cultured medium promotes follicular growth and antrum formation in bovine follicles after 18 days of in vitro culture.
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45
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Wu YT, Chang HM, Huang HF, Sheng JZ, Leung PCK. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 regulates cell-cell communication by down-regulating connexin43 expression in luteinized human granulosa cells. Mol Hum Reprod 2017; 23:155-165. [PMID: 27986931 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaw078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) regulate connexin43 (Cx43) and modulate cell-cell communication in luteinized human granulosa cells? SUMMARY ANSWER BMP2 decreases gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) of luteinized human granulosa cells by down-regulating Cx43 expression through an activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)2/ALK3-mediated Sma- and Mad-related protein (SMAD)-dependent signaling pathway. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY BMP2 and its putative receptors are highly expressed in the human corpus luteum and are involved in the process of luteolysis. Cx43-coupled gap junctions play a critical role in the development and maintenance of corpus luteum. STUDY DESIGN DURATION This is a laboratory study conducted over a 1-year period. At least three independent experiments with three replicates were conducted and the experimental samples were compared with the appropriate vehicle controls for all of the inhibition-approach, concentration-dependent or time-course studies. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS SVOG cell line (immortalized human granulosa-lutein cells derived from in vitro fertilization patients in an academic research center) was used as the study model. The changes of Cx43 expression and levels of phosphorylated SMAD1/5/8 protein were evaluated after exposure to recombinant human BMP2. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis were used to examine the specific mRNA and protein levels, respectively. The BMP/TGF-β type I receptor inhibitors (Dorsomorphin, DMH-1 and SB431542) and target depletion small interfering RNAs (ALK2, ALK3, ALK6 and SMAD4) were used to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. A scrape loading and dye transfer assay was used to evaluate the GJIC between the SVOG cells. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Treatment with BMP2 down-regulated the expression of Cx43 and decreased the GJIC activity, whereas it increased the phosphorylated SMAD1/5/8 protein in SVOG cells (P < 0.05). These biological effects were abolished by pre-treatment with the BMP type I receptor inhibitors, Dorsomorphin and DMH-1 (P < 0.05), but not SB431542. Additionally, the individual or concomitant small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of ALK2 and ALK3, but not ALK6 attenuated the BMP2-induced increases in phosphorylated SMAD1/5/8 and down-regulation of Cx43 expression (P < 0.05). The knockdown of SMAD4 completely abolished the BMP2-induced down-regulation of Cx43 expression (P < 0.05). LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION This experimental study was conducted in an in vitro cell culture system, and may not reflect a realistic intra-ovarian environment. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our results suggested that BMP2 may be involved in the local modulation of cell-cell communication in the luteal phase. This study also represents the first comprehensive research of molecular mechanisms of BMP2 in the down-regulation Cx43 in luteinized human granulosa cells. Such data may provide valuable insights into ovarian physiology and benefit the development of potential therapeutic methods for patients suffering from luteal insufficiency. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTEREST(s) This research was supported by an operating grant from the China-Canadian Joint Health Research Initiative Grants Program to P.C.K. Leung and J.Z. Sheng. The authors declare no competing interest with the contents of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ting Wu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4
| | - Hsun-Ming Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4
| | - He-Feng Huang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Sheng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4
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Kawashima I, Kawamura K. Regulation of follicle growth through hormonal factors and mechanical cues mediated by Hippo signaling pathway. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2017; 64:3-11. [PMID: 29224376 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2017.1411990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The ovary is an interesting organ that shows major structural changes within a short period of time during each reproductive cycle. Follicle development is controlled by local paracrine and systemic endocrine factors. Many hormonal and molecular analyses have been conducted to find the mechanisms underlying structural changes in ovaries, However, exact mechanisms still remain to be determined. Recent development of mechanobiology facilitates the understanding on the contribution of physical forces and changes in the mechanical properties of cells and tissues to physiology and pathophysiology. The Hippo signaling pathway is one of the key players in mechanotransduction, providing an understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which cells sense and respond to mechanical signals to regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis for maintaining optimal organ sizes. Our group recently demonstrated the involvement of the Hippo signaling pathway in the regulation of ovarian follicle development. Fragmentation of ovarian cortex into small cubes changed cytoskeletal actin dynamics and induced disruption of the Hippo signaling pathway, leading to the production of CCN growth factors and anti-apoptotic BIRC. These factors, in turn, stimulated secondary follicle growth in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we summarized hormonal regulation of follicular structural changes and further focused on the role of Hippo signaling in the regulation of follicle development. We also suggest a new strategy of infertility treatments in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and primary ovarian insufficiency based on mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikko Kawashima
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , St. Marianna University School of Medicine , Kawasaki City , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kawamura
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , St. Marianna University School of Medicine , Kawasaki City , Kanagawa , Japan
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Tripathy M, Priyam M, Rai U. Repertoire of bone morphogenetic proteins and growth/differentiation factors in ovary of the Indian wall lizard (Hemidactylus flaviviridis) with emphasis on differential expression and gonadotropic regulation of bmp15 and gdf9. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 253:13-24. [PMID: 28837789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of ovarian transcriptome of Indian wall lizard demonstrates the existence of several bone morphogenetic proteins (bmp1, 2, 3, 3b, 7, 8, 15) and growth/differentiation factors (gdf5, 9) for the first time in reptilian ovary. The characterization of putative full-length/partial protein sequences of BMPs (BMP2, 3, 3b, 7, 15) and GDF9 showed high homology of their TGF-β domain with that of other vertebrates while BMP1 bore homology to zinc-dependent metalloprotease. Phylogenetic analyses showed clustering of BMPs and GDF9 from wall lizards with that of squamates lying in close proximity to chelonia, crocodilia and aves. This study also correlates the expression of ovarian bmp15 and gdf9 with folliculogenesis. Level of bmp15 dramatically increased with the onset of follicular growth in early recrudescence and attained peak during late recrudescence whereas gdf9 sharply decreased during recrudescence as compared to regression. Nonetheless, expression of these growth factors decreased appreciably with the formation of vitellogenic follicle during breeding phase. Ovarian expression of bmp15 and gdf9 appeared to be regulated by gonadotropin as bmp15 considerably increased while gdf9 decreased in parallel to follicular development after administration of 3 injections of FSH. Expression of both the growth factors declined with the prolongation of treatment that led to formation of early/late vitellogenic follicle. Our in vitro study revealed stimulatory effect of FSH on expression of bmp15 and gdf9 in early growing, previtellogenic and early vitellogenic follicles. In light of in vitro results, FSH-induced in vivo decline in gene expression seems to be due to some other FSH-induced factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Tripathy
- Comparative Immunoendocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Manisha Priyam
- Comparative Immunoendocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Umesh Rai
- Comparative Immunoendocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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48
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Monsivais D, Matzuk MM, Pangas SA. The TGF-β Family in the Reproductive Tract. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a022251. [PMID: 28193725 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family has a profound impact on the reproductive function of various organisms. In this review, we discuss how highly conserved members of the TGF-β family influence the reproductive function across several species. We briefly discuss how TGF-β-related proteins balance germ-cell proliferation and differentiation as well as dauer entry and exit in Caenorhabditis elegans. In Drosophila melanogaster, TGF-β-related proteins maintain germ stem-cell identity and eggshell patterning. We then provide an in-depth analysis of landmark studies performed using transgenic mouse models and discuss how these data have uncovered basic developmental aspects of male and female reproductive development. In particular, we discuss the roles of the various TGF-β family ligands and receptors in primordial germ-cell development, sexual differentiation, and gonadal cell development. We also discuss how mutant mouse studies showed the contribution of TGF-β family signaling to embryonic and postnatal testis and ovarian development. We conclude the review by describing data obtained from human studies, which highlight the importance of the TGF-β family in normal female reproductive function during pregnancy and in various gynecologic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Monsivais
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030.,Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Martin M Matzuk
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030.,Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, Texas 77030.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030.,Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Stephanie A Pangas
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030.,Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, Texas 77030
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49
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Zhang Y, Li F, Feng X, Yang H, Zhu A, Pang J, Han L, Zhang T, Yao X, Wang F. Genome-wide analysis of DNA Methylation profiles on sheep ovaries associated with prolificacy using whole-genome Bisulfite sequencing. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:759. [PMID: 28969601 PMCID: PMC5625832 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovulation rate and litter size are important reproductive traits in sheep with high economic value. Recent work has revealed a potential link between DNA methylation and prolificacy. However, a genome-wide study that sought to identify potential DNA methylation sites involved in sheep prolificacy indicated that it is still unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate the genome-wide DNA methylation profiles of Hu sheep ovaries by comparing a high-prolificacy group (HP, litter size of three for at least 2 consecutive lambings) and low prolificacy group (LP, litter size of one for at least 2 consecutive lambings) using deep whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS). Results First, our results demonstrated lower expression levels of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) genes in the ovaries of the HP group than that in the ovaries of the LP group. Both groups showed similar proportions of methylation at CpG sites but different proportions at non-CpG sites. Subsequently, we identified 70,899 differential methylated regions (DMRs) of CG, 16 DMRs of CHG, 356 DMRs of CHH and 12,832 DMR-related genes(DMGs). Gene Ontology (GO) analyses revealed that some DMGs were involved in regulating female gonad development and ovarian follicle development. Finally, we found that 10 DMGs, including BMP7, BMPR1B, CTNNB1, FST, FSHR, LHCGR, TGFB2 and TGFB3, are more likely to be involved in prolificacy of Hu sheep, as assessed by correlation analysis and listed in detail. Conclusions This study revealed the global DNA methylation pattern of sheep ovaries associated with high and low prolificacy groups, which may contribute to a better understanding of the epigenetic regulation of sheep reproductive capacity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-4068-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep and Goat Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Fengzhe Li
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep and Goat Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Xu Feng
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep and Goat Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep and Goat Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Aoxiang Zhu
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep and Goat Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Jing Pang
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep and Goat Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Le Han
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep and Goat Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep and Goat Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Xiaolei Yao
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep and Goat Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep and Goat Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
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50
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Bai L, Chang HM, Cheng JC, Chu G, Leung PCK, Yang G. ALK2/ALK3-BMPR2/ACVR2A Mediate BMP2-Induced Downregulation of Pentraxin 3 Expression in Human Granulosa-Lutein Cells. Endocrinology 2017; 158:3501-3511. [PMID: 28977600 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) belongs to the transforming growth factor-β superfamily and plays a critical role in regulating ovarian follicle function. Currently, the role of BMP2 during cumulus expansion remains to be determined. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of BMP2 on the regulation of pentraxin 3 (PTX3) expression (the major component of cumulus expansion) and the underlying mechanisms in human granulosa-lutein (hGL) cells. Both primary and immortalized hGL cells were used as research models. Our results showed that treatment with BMP2 significantly suppressed the basal and luteinizing hormone-induced upregulation of PTX3. In addition, BMP2 stimulated the phosphorylation of SMAD1/5/8, and this effect was abolished by the addition of BMP type I receptor inhibitors, dorsomorphin homolog 1, and dorsomorphin but not SB431542. Moreover, the knockdown of activin receptorlike kinase 2/3 or BMP receptor type II/activin receptor type IIB receptors completely reversed the BMP2-induced phosphorylation of SMAD1/5/8 and restored PTX3 expression. Similarly, the knockdown of SMAD4 completely reversed the suppressive effect of BMP2 on the expression of PTX3. These results improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of BMP2 signaling. Our findings suggest that BMP2 may be involved in the regulation of cumulus expansion during the periovulatory stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, and British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Hsun-Ming Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, and British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Jung-Chien Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, and British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Guiyan Chu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, and British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Gongshe Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
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