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Martínez-Hernández R, Serrano-Somavilla A, Fernández-Contreras R, Sanchez-Guerrero C, Sánchez de la Blanca N, Sacristán-Gómez P, Sebastian-Valles F, Sampedro-Núñez M, Fraga J, Calatayud M, Vicente A, García-de-Casasola G, Sanz-García A, Araujo-Castro M, Ruz-Caracuel I, Puig-Domingo M, Marazuela M. Primary Cilia as a Tumor Marker in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors. Mod Pathol 2024; 37:100475. [PMID: 38508520 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2024.100475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) account for approximately 15% of all intracranial neoplasms. Although they usually appear to be benign, some tumors display worse behavior, displaying rapid growth, invasion, refractoriness to treatment, and recurrence. Increasing evidence supports the role of primary cilia (PC) in regulating cancer development. Here, we showed that PC are significantly increased in PitNETs and are associated with increased tumor invasion and recurrence. Serial electron micrographs of PITNETs demonstrated different ciliation phenotypes (dot-like versus normal-like cilia) that represented PC at different stages of ciliogenesis. Molecular findings demonstrated that 123 ciliary-associated genes (eg, doublecortin domain containing protein 2, Sintaxin-3, and centriolar coiled-coil protein 110) were dysregulated in PitNETs, representing the upregulation of markers at different stages of intracellular ciliogenesis. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that ciliogenesis is increased in PitNETs, suggesting that this process might be used as a potential target for therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Martínez-Hernández
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER GCV14/ER/12), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Serrano-Somavilla
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER GCV14/ER/12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul Fernández-Contreras
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER GCV14/ER/12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Sanchez-Guerrero
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER GCV14/ER/12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Sánchez de la Blanca
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER GCV14/ER/12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Sacristán-Gómez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER GCV14/ER/12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Sebastian-Valles
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER GCV14/ER/12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Sampedro-Núñez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER GCV14/ER/12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Fraga
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Calatayud
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Vicente
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de Toledo, Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | | | - Ancor Sanz-García
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, Talavera de la Reina, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | | | | | - Manel Puig-Domingo
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute and Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras CIBERER G747, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Marazuela
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER GCV14/ER/12), Madrid, Spain.
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Flax RG, Rosston P, Rocha C, Anderson B, Capener JL, Durcan TM, Drewry DH, Prinos P, Axtman AD. Illumination of understudied ciliary kinases. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1352781. [PMID: 38523660 PMCID: PMC10958382 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1352781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cilia are cellular signaling hubs. Given that human kinases are central regulators of signaling, it is not surprising that kinases are key players in cilia biology. In fact, many kinases modulate ciliogenesis, which is the generation of cilia, and distinct ciliary pathways. Several of these kinases are understudied with few publications dedicated to the interrogation of their function. Recent efforts to develop chemical probes for members of the cyclin-dependent kinase like (CDKL), never in mitosis gene A (NIMA) related kinase (NEK), and tau tubulin kinase (TTBK) families either have delivered or are working toward delivery of high-quality chemical tools to characterize the roles that specific kinases play in ciliary processes. A better understanding of ciliary kinases may shed light on whether modulation of these targets will slow or halt disease onset or progression. For example, both understudied human kinases and some that are more well-studied play important ciliary roles in neurons and have been implicated in neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and other neurological diseases. Similarly, subsets of human ciliary kinases are associated with cancer and oncological pathways. Finally, a group of genetic disorders characterized by defects in cilia called ciliopathies have associated gene mutations that impact kinase activity and function. This review highlights both progress related to the understanding of ciliary kinases as well as in chemical inhibitor development for a subset of these kinases. We emphasize known roles of ciliary kinases in diseases of the brain and malignancies and focus on a subset of poorly characterized kinases that regulate ciliary biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond G. Flax
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Peter Rosston
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Cecilia Rocha
- The Neuro’s Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Brian Anderson
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jacob L. Capener
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Thomas M. Durcan
- The Neuro’s Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David H. Drewry
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Panagiotis Prinos
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alison D. Axtman
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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3
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Schatten H. The Impact of Centrosome Pathologies on Ovarian Cancer Development and Progression with a Focus on Centrosomes as Therapeutic Target. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1452:37-64. [PMID: 38805124 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-58311-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The impact of centrosome abnormalities on cancer cell proliferation has been recognized as early as 1914 (Boveri, Zur Frage der Entstehung maligner Tumoren. Jena: G. Fisher, 1914), but vigorous research on molecular levels has only recently started when it became fully apparent that centrosomes can be targeted for new cancer therapies. While best known for their microtubule-organizing capabilities as MTOC (microtubule organizing center) in interphase and mitosis, centrosomes are now further well known for a variety of different functions, some of which are related to microtubule organization and consequential activities such as cell division, migration, maintenance of cell shape, and vesicle transport powered by motor proteins, while other functions include essential roles in cell cycle regulation, metabolic activities, signal transduction, proteolytic activity, and several others that are now heavily being investigated for their role in diseases and disorders (reviewed in Schatten and Sun, Histochem Cell Biol 150:303-325, 2018; Schatten, Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 235:43-50, 2022a; Schatten, Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 235:17-35, 2022b).Cancer cell centrosomes differ from centrosomes in noncancer cells in displaying specific abnormalities that include phosphorylation abnormalities, overexpression of specific centrosomal proteins, abnormalities in centriole and centrosome duplication, formation of multipolar spindles that play a role in aneuploidy and genomic instability, and several others that are highlighted in the present review on ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer cell centrosomes, like those in other cancers, display complex abnormalities that in part are based on the heterogeneity of cells in the cancer tissues resulting from different etiologies of individual cancer cells that will be discussed in more detail in this chapter.Because of the critical role of centrosomes in cancer cell proliferation, several lines of research are being pursued to target centrosomes for therapeutic intervention to inhibit abnormal cancer cell proliferation and control tumor progression. Specific centrosome abnormalities observed in ovarian cancer will be addressed in this chapter with a focus on targeting such aberrations for ovarian cancer-specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heide Schatten
- University of Missouri-Columbia Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Lee KH. Primary cilia: a novel research approach to overcome anticancer drug resistance. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1270639. [PMID: 37900915 PMCID: PMC10602908 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1270639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are cellular organelles that consist of a microtubule skeleton surrounded by a membrane filled with cell signaling receptors. Many studies have shown that primary cilia are cellular antennas, which serve as signaling hubs and their assembly and disassembly are dynamically regulated throughout the cell cycle, playing an important role in regulating cellular homeostasis. Aberrant control of primary cilia dynamics causes a number of genetic disorders known as ciliopathies and is closely associated with tumorigenesis. Anticancer drug resistance is a primary cause of chemotherapy failure, although there is no apparent remedy. The recent identification of a relationship between anticancer drug resistance and primary ciliary dynamics has made primary cilia an important target subcellular organelle for overcoming anticancer drug resistance. Therefore, the research on primary ciliary dynamics may provide new strategies to overcome anticancer drug resistance, which is urgently needed. This review aims to summarize research on the relevance of primary cilia and anticancer drug resistance, as well as future possibilities for research on overcoming anticancer drug resistance utilizing primary cilia dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ho Lee
- Chemical Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang-eup, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-Molecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Saito M, Otsu W, Miyadera K, Nishimura Y. Recent advances in the understanding of cilia mechanisms and their applications as therapeutic targets. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1232188. [PMID: 37780208 PMCID: PMC10538646 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1232188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is a single immotile microtubule-based organelle that protrudes into the extracellular space. Malformations and dysfunctions of the cilia have been associated with various forms of syndromic and non-syndromic diseases, termed ciliopathies. The primary cilium is therefore gaining attention due to its potential as a therapeutic target. In this review, we examine ciliary receptors, ciliogenesis, and ciliary trafficking as possible therapeutic targets. We first discuss the mechanisms of selective distribution, signal transduction, and physiological roles of ciliary receptors. Next, pathways that regulate ciliogenesis, specifically the Aurora A kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways are examined as therapeutic targets to regulate ciliogenesis. Then, in the photoreceptors, the mechanism of ciliary trafficking which takes place at the transition zone involving the ciliary membrane proteins is reviewed. Finally, some of the current therapeutic advancements highlighting the role of large animal models of photoreceptor ciliopathy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Saito
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Pathology, School of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Otsu
- Department of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Keiko Miyadera
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yuhei Nishimura
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Mie University Research Center for Cilia and Diseases, Tsu, Mie, Japan
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Guan YT, Zhang C, Zhang HY, Wei WL, Yue W, Zhao W, Zhang DH. Primary cilia: Structure, dynamics, and roles in cancer cells and tumor microenvironment. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1788-1807. [PMID: 37565630 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the initiation of tumor arises from tumorigenic transformation signaling in cancer cells, cancer cell survival, invasion, and metastasis also require a dynamic and reciprocal association with extracellular signaling from tumor microenvironment (TME). Primary cilia are the antenna-like structure that mediate signaling sensation and transduction in different tissues and cells. Recent studies have started to uncover that the heterogeneous ciliation in cancer cells and cells from the TME in tumor growth impels asymmetric paracellular signaling in the TME, indicating the essential functions of primary cilia in homeostasis maintenance of both cancer cells and the TME. In this review, we discussed recent advances in the structure and assembly of primary cilia, and the role of primary cilia in tumor and TME formation, as well as the therapeutic potentials that target ciliary dynamics and signaling from the cells in different tumors and the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Guan
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Yong Zhang
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Lu Wei
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
- Department of Posthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Hui Zhang
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
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Carotenuto P, Gradilone SA, Franco B. Cilia and Cancer: From Molecular Genetics to Therapeutic Strategies. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1428. [PMID: 37510333 PMCID: PMC10379587 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilia are microtubule-based organelles that project from the cell surface with motility or sensory functions. Primary cilia work as antennae to sense and transduce extracellular signals. Cilia critically control proliferation by mediating cell-extrinsic signals and by regulating cell cycle entry. Recent studies have shown that primary cilia and their associated proteins also function in autophagy and genome stability, which are important players in oncogenesis. Abnormal functions of primary cilia may contribute to oncogenesis. Indeed, defective cilia can either promote or suppress cancers, depending on the cancer-initiating mutation, and the presence or absence of primary cilia is associated with specific cancer types. Together, these findings suggest that primary cilia play important, but distinct roles in different cancer types, opening up a completely new avenue of research to understand the biology and treatment of cancers. In this review, we discuss the roles of primary cilia in promoting or inhibiting oncogenesis based on the known or predicted functions of cilia and cilia-associated proteins in several key processes and related clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Carotenuto
- Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- TIGEM, Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, 80078 Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio A. Gradilone
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA;
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Brunella Franco
- Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- TIGEM, Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, 80078 Naples, Italy
- School of Advanced Studies, Genomic and Experimental medicine Program (Scuola Superiore Meridionale), 80138 Naples, Italy
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Primary Cilia Are Frequently Present in Small Cell Lung Carcinomas but Not in Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinomas or Lung Carcinoids. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100007. [PMID: 37039149 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2022.100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Most human malignant neoplasms show loss of primary cilia (PC). However, PC are known to be retained and involved in tumorigenesis in some types of neoplasms. The PC status in lung carcinomas remains largely uninvestigated. In this study, we comprehensively assessed the PC status in lung carcinomas. A total of 492 lung carcinomas, consisting of adenocarcinomas (ACs) (n = 319), squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) (n = 152), and small cell lung carcinomas (SCLCs) (n = 21), were examined by immunohistochemical analysis using an antibody against ARL13B, a marker of PC. The PC-positive rate was markedly higher in SCLCs (81.0%) than in ACs (1.6%) and SCCs (7.9%). We subsequently performed analyses to characterize the PC-positive lung carcinomas further. PC-positive lung carcinomas were more numerous and had longer PC than normal cells. The presence of PC in these cells was not associated with the phase of the cell cycle. We also found that the PC were retained even in metastases from PC-positive lung carcinomas. Furthermore, the hedgehog signaling pathway was activated in PC-positive lung carcinomas. Because ARL13B immunohistochemistry of lung carcinoids (n = 10) also showed a statistically significantly lower rate (10.0%) of PC positivity than SCLCs, we searched for a gene(s) that might be upregulated in PC-positive SCLCs compared with lung carcinoids, but not in PC-negative carcinomas. This search, and further cell culture experiments, identified HYLS1 as a gene possessing the ability to regulate ciliogenesis in PC-positive lung carcinomas. In conclusion, our findings indicate that PC are frequently present in SCLCs but not in non-SCLCs (ACs and SCCs) or lung carcinoids, and their PC exhibit various specific pathobiological characteristics. This suggests an important link between lung carcinogenesis and PC.
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Abstract
Among the factors that have been strongly implicated in regulating cancerous transformation, the primary monocilium (cilium) has gained increasing attention. The cilium is a small organelle extending from the plasma membrane, which provides a localized hub for concentration of transmembrane receptors. These receptors transmit signals from soluble factors (including Sonic hedgehog (SHH), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-AA), WNT, TGFβ, NOTCH, and others) that regulate cell growth, as well as mechanosensory cues provided by flow or extracellular matrix. Ciliation is regulated by cell cycle, with most cells that are in G0 (quiescent) or early G1 ciliation and cilia typically absent in G2/M cells. Notably, while most cells organized in solid tissues are ciliated, cancerous transformation induces significant changes in ciliation. Most cancer cells lose cilia; medulloblastomas and basal cell carcinomas, dependent on an active SHH pathway, rely on ciliary maintenance. Changes in cancer cell ciliation are driven by core oncogenic pathways (EGFR, KRAS, AURKA, PI3K), and importantly ciliation status regulates functionality of those pathways. Ciliation is both influenced by targeted cancer therapies and linked to therapeutic resistance; recent studies suggest ciliation may also influence cancer cell metabolism and stem cell identity. We review recent studies defining the relationship between cilia and cancer.
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Precision gynecologic oncology: circulating cell free DNA epigenomic analysis, artificial intelligence and the accurate detection of ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18625. [PMID: 36329159 PMCID: PMC9633647 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer due primarily to its asymptomatic nature and late stage at diagnosis. The development of non-invasive markers is an urgent priority. We report the accurate detection of epithelial OC using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and genome-wide epigenetic analysis of circulating cell free tumor DNA (cfTDNA). In a prospective study, we performed genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of cytosine (CpG) markers. Both conventional logistic regression and six AI platforms were used for OC detection. Further, we performed Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) analysis to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of OC. A total of 179,238 CpGs were significantly differentially methylated (FDR p-value < 0.05) genome-wide in OC. High OC diagnostic accuracies were achieved. Conventional logistic regression achieved an area under the ROC curve (AUC) [95% CI] 0.99 [± 0.1] with 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Multiple AI platforms each achieved high diagnostic accuracies (AUC = 0.99-1.00). For example, for Deep Learning (DL)/AI AUC = 1.00, sensitivity = 100% and 88% specificity. In terms of OC pathogenesis: GSEA analysis identified 'Adipogenesis' and 'retinoblastoma gene in cancer' as the top perturbed molecular pathway in OC. This finding of epigenomic dysregulation of molecular pathways that have been previously linked to cancer adds biological plausibility to our results.
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Barbarino M, Bottaro M, Spagnoletti L, de Santi MM, Guazzo R, Defraia C, Custoza C, Serio G, Iannelli F, Pesetti M, Aiello R, Rosati D, Zanfrini E, Luzzi L, Bellan C, Giordano A. Analysis of Primary Cilium Expression and Hedgehog Pathway Activation in Mesothelioma Throws Back Its Complex Biology. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5216. [PMID: 36358635 PMCID: PMC9654223 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium (PC) is a sensory organelle present on the cell surface, modulating the activity of many pathways. Dysfunctions in the PC lead to different pathologic conditions including cancer. Hedgehog signaling (Hh) is regulated by PC and the loss of its control has been observed in many cancers, including mesothelioma. Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a fatal cancer of the pleural membranes with poor therapeutic options. Recently, overexpression of the Hh transcriptional activator GL1 has been demonstrated to be associated with poor overall survival (OS) in MPM. However, unlike other cancers, the response to G-protein-coupled receptor smoothened (SMO)/Hh inhibitors is poor, mainly attributable to the lack of markers for patient stratification. For all these reasons, and in particular for the role of PC in the regulation of Hh, we investigated for the first time the status of PC in MPM tissues, demonstrating intra- and inter-heterogeneity in its expression. We also correlated the presence of PC with the activation of the Hh pathway, providing uncovered evidence of a PC-independent regulation of the Hh signaling in MPM. Our study contributes to the understanding MPM heterogeneity, thus helping to identify patients who might benefit from Hh inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Barbarino
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Maria Bottaro
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Spagnoletti
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Raffaella Guazzo
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Defraia
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Cosimo Custoza
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gabriella Serio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation-DETO, University of Bari, G. Cesare 1 Sq., 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Iannelli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Matilde Pesetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Raffaele Aiello
- Toma Institute Srl, Via Cesare Rosaroll 24, 80139 Napoli, Italy
| | - Diletta Rosati
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Edoardo Zanfrini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Siena University Hospital, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Luzzi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Siena University Hospital, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Cristiana Bellan
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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Primary cilia contribute to the aggressiveness of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:806. [PMID: 36127323 PMCID: PMC9489777 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a highly malignant brain tumor in infants that is characterized by loss of nuclear expression of SMARCB1 or SMARCA4 proteins. Recent studies show that AT/RTs comprise three molecular subgroups, namely AT/RT-TYR, AT/RT-MYC and AT/RT-SHH. The subgroups show distinct expression patterns of genes involved in ciliogenesis, however, little is known about the functional roles of primary cilia in the biology of AT/RT. Here, we show that primary cilia are present across all AT/RT subgroups with specific enrichment in AT/RT-TYR patient samples. Furthermore, we demonstrate that primary ciliogenesis contributes to AT/RT biology in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, we observed a significant decrease in proliferation and clonogenicity following disruption of primary ciliogenesis in AT/RT cell line models. Additionally, apoptosis was significantly increased via the induction of STAT1 and DR5 signaling, as detected by proteogenomic profiling. In a Drosophila model of SMARCB1 deficiency, concomitant knockdown of several cilia-associated genes resulted in a substantial shift of the lethal phenotype with more than 20% of flies reaching adulthood. We also found significantly extended survival in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model of AT/RT upon disruption of primary ciliogenesis. Taken together, our findings indicate that primary ciliogenesis or its downstream signaling contributes to the aggressiveness of AT/RT and, therefore, may constitute a novel therapeutic target.
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13
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Yin F, Wei Z, Chen F, Xin C, Chen Q. Molecular targets of primary cilia defects in cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2022; 61:98. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Yin
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Zihao Wei
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Fangman Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Xin
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Qianming Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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Kojima R, Hassan E, Ozawa F, Yamada‑Namikawa C, Ogawa S, Mase S, Goto S, Nishikawa R, Inagaki H, Kato Y, Sugiura‑Ogasawara M. Abnormal accumulation of OFD1 in endometrial cancer with poor prognosis inhibits ciliogenesis. Oncol Lett 2022; 24:214. [PMID: 35720483 PMCID: PMC9178698 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine primary cilia in endometrial tissue during the menstrual cycle and to clarify their morphological changes with different grades of endometrial cancer. Images of fluorescence immunostaining taken by confocal microscopy were used to count the number of primary cilia in normal endometrium and endometrioid carcinoma Grade 1 and Grade 3 specimens. To examine the association between autophagy and ciliogenesis in endometrioid carcinoma, the expression of p62/Sequestosome-1, a selective substrate for autophagy, and oral-facial-digital syndrome 1 protein (OFD1), a protein associated with ciliogenesis, were examined using images of fluorescence immunostaining taken by confocal microscopy. The level of p62 expression was confirmed by western blotting. In proliferative and secretory endometrial stromal cells, the percentage of cells that were ciliated was 7.2 and 32.7% (95% confidence interval=21.61-39.79; P<0.01), and the length of the primary cilia was 1.24 µm and 2.34 µm (0.92-1.26; P<0.01), respectively. In stromal cells of endometrioid carcinoma Grade 1 and Grade 3, the percentage of ciliated cells was 13.5 and 2.9% (7.89-15.05; P<0.001), and the length of the primary cilia was 2.02 and 1.14 µm (0.76-0.99; P<0.001), respectively. In both normal menstrual cycle tissue and endometrial carcinomas, the percentage of primary cilia was lower and their length was shorter in tissues with higher proliferative potential. The expression of OFD1 was significantly higher in Grade 3 compared with Grade 1 as indicated by quantifying the intensity of the fluorescence images (133–12248; P=0.046). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study concerning the distribution of primary cilia in normal endometrium and endometrial cancer tissues. Overall, fewer ciliated cells in the highly malignant endometrial cancer tissues may be associated not only to the proliferation of cancer cells, but also to the excessive accumulation of OFD1 due to dysfunctional autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Kojima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Esraa Hassan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Fumiko Ozawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Chisato Yamada‑Namikawa
- Department of Cell Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Shino Ogawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Shoko Mase
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Shinobu Goto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Nishikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inagaki
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kato
- Department of Cell Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Mayumi Sugiura‑Ogasawara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
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15
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Hantel F, Liu H, Fechtner L, Neuhaus H, Ding J, Arlt D, Walentek P, Villavicencio-Lorini P, Gerhardt C, Hollemann T, Pfirrmann T. Cilia-localized GID/CTLH ubiquitin ligase complex regulates protein homeostasis of sonic hedgehog signaling components. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:275349. [PMID: 35543155 PMCID: PMC9264362 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilia are evolutionarily conserved organelles that orchestrate a variety of signal transduction pathways, such as sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling, during embryonic development. Our recent studies have shown that loss of GID ubiquitin ligase function results in aberrant AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and elongated primary cilia, which suggests a functional connection to cilia. Here, we reveal that the GID complex is an integral part of the cilium required for primary cilia-dependent signal transduction and the maintenance of ciliary protein homeostasis. We show that GID complex subunits localize to cilia in both Xenopus laevis and NIH3T3 cells. Furthermore, we report SHH signaling pathway defects that are independent of AMPK and mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) activation. Despite correct localization of SHH signaling components at the primary cilium and functional GLI3 processing, we find a prominent reduction of some SHH signaling components in the cilium and a significant decrease in SHH target gene expression. Since our data reveal a critical function of the GID complex at the primary cilium, and because suppression of GID function in X. laevis results in ciliopathy-like phenotypes, we suggest that GID subunits are candidate genes for human ciliopathies that coincide with defects in SHH signal transduction. Summary: The GID ubiquitin ligase complex localizes to primary cilia, influences sonic hedgehog signaling and causes phenotypes reminescent of ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Hantel
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle, Germany
| | - Huaize Liu
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle, Germany
| | - Lisa Fechtner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle, Germany
| | - Herbert Neuhaus
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle, Germany
| | - Jie Ding
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle, Germany
| | - Danilo Arlt
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle, Germany
| | - Peter Walentek
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg University Faculty of Medicine, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.,CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Gerhardt
- Department of Medicine, Health and Medical University, 14471 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Thomas Hollemann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle, Germany
| | - Thorsten Pfirrmann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Health and Medical University, 14471 Potsdam, Germany
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16
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Berkel C, Cacan E. Copy number and expression of CEP89, a protein required for ciliogenesis, are increased and predict poor prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:298-309. [PMID: 35285957 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
CEP89 (centrosomal protein 89) is required for ciliogenesis and mitochondrial metabolism, but its role in cancer has yet to be clarified. We report that CEP89 is overexpressed in ovarian cancer (OC) compared to normal ovaries. Likewise, its expression is higher in malignant ovarian tumors than in borderline ovarian tumors with low malignant potential. More than a quarter of patients with OC have copy number gains in the CEP89 gene, and patients with high expression have more than a year shorter overall survival compared to those with low expression. Moreover, we found that CEP89 can be considered as a prognostic marker for poor overall survival in patients with OC, after adjusting for tumor stage and residual tumor. Nine out of the top 10 protein interactors of CEP89 have the highest percentage of total copy number variation (CNV) events in OC among all other cancer types. Furthermore, CEP89 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels are higher in OC patients with disease recurrence compared to those with no recurrence. We also analyzed CEP89 levels in OC cell lines in terms of CNV, mRNA, and protein levels; and observed that the FUOV-1 cell line has the highest levels among cell lines that originated from primary sites. Our study suggests that CEP89 may be a valuable prognostic predictor for the overall survival of patients with OC, and it could also be a novel therapeutic target in this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caglar Berkel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Ercan Cacan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
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17
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Bai Y, Wei C, Li P, Sun X, Cai G, Chen X, Hong Q. Primary cilium in kidney development, function and disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:952055. [PMID: 36072924 PMCID: PMC9441790 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.952055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is a hair-like, microtubule-based organelle that is covered by the cell membrane and extends from the surface of most vertebrate cells. It detects and translates extracellular signals to direct various cellular signaling pathways to maintain homeostasis. It is mainly distributed in the proximal and distal tubules and collecting ducts in the kidney. Specific signaling transduction proteins localize to primary cilia. Defects in cilia structure and function lead to a class of diseases termed ciliopathies. The proper functioning of primary cilia is essential to kidney organogenesis and the maintenance of epithelial cell differentiation and proliferation. Persistent cilia dysfunction has a role in the early stages and progression of renal diseases, such as cystogenesis and acute tubular necrosis (ATN). In this review, we focus on the central role of cilia in kidney development and illustrate how defects in cilia are associated with renal disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Bai
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiting Wei
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Sun
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangmei Chen, ; Quan Hong,
| | - Quan Hong
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangmei Chen, ; Quan Hong,
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18
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Aurora A and AKT Kinase Signaling Associated with Primary Cilia. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123602. [PMID: 34944109 PMCID: PMC8699881 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of kinase signaling is associated with various pathological conditions, including cancer, inflammation, and autoimmunity; consequently, the kinases involved have become major therapeutic targets. While kinase signaling pathways play crucial roles in multiple cellular processes, the precise manner in which their dysregulation contributes to disease is dependent on the context; for example, the cell/tissue type or subcellular localization of the kinase or substrate. Thus, context-selective targeting of dysregulated kinases may serve to increase the therapeutic specificity while reducing off-target adverse effects. Primary cilia are antenna-like structures that extend from the plasma membrane and function by detecting extracellular cues and transducing signals into the cell. Cilia formation and signaling are dynamically regulated through context-dependent mechanisms; as such, dysregulation of primary cilia contributes to disease in a variety of ways. Here, we review the involvement of primary cilia-associated signaling through aurora A and AKT kinases with respect to cancer, obesity, and other ciliopathies.
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19
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Nita A, Abraham SP, Krejci P, Bosakova M. Oncogenic FGFR Fusions Produce Centrosome and Cilia Defects by Ectopic Signaling. Cells 2021; 10:1445. [PMID: 34207779 PMCID: PMC8227969 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A single primary cilium projects from most vertebrate cells to guide cell fate decisions. A growing list of signaling molecules is found to function through cilia and control ciliogenesis, including the fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR). Aberrant FGFR activity produces abnormal cilia with deregulated signaling, which contributes to pathogenesis of the FGFR-mediated genetic disorders. FGFR lesions are also found in cancer, raising a possibility of cilia involvement in the neoplastic transformation and tumor progression. Here, we focus on FGFR gene fusions, and discuss the possible mechanisms by which they function as oncogenic drivers. We show that a substantial portion of the FGFR fusion partners are proteins associated with the centrosome cycle, including organization of the mitotic spindle and ciliogenesis. The functions of centrosome proteins are often lost with the gene fusion, leading to haploinsufficiency that induces cilia loss and deregulated cell division. We speculate that this complements the ectopic FGFR activity and drives the FGFR fusion cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Nita
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.N.); (S.P.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Sara P. Abraham
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.N.); (S.P.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Pavel Krejci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.N.); (S.P.A.); (P.K.)
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CAS, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Bosakova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.N.); (S.P.A.); (P.K.)
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CAS, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
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20
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Shinmura K, Kusafuka K, Kawasaki H, Kato H, Hariyama T, Tsuchiya K, Kawanishi Y, Funai K, Misawa K, Mineta H, Sugimura H. Identification and characterization of primary cilia-positive salivary gland tumours exhibiting basaloid/myoepithelial differentiation. J Pathol 2021; 254:519-530. [PMID: 33931860 DOI: 10.1002/path.5688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Primary cilia (PC) are non-motile, antenna-like structures on the cell surface. Many types of neoplasms exhibit PC loss, whereas in some neoplasms PC are retained and involved in tumourigenesis. To elucidate the PC status and characteristics of major salivary gland tumours (SGTs), we examined 100 major SGTs encompassing eight histopathological types by immunohistochemical analysis. PC were present in all (100%) of the pleomorphic adenomas (PAs), basal cell adenomas (BCAs), adenoid cystic carcinomas (AdCCs), and basal cell adenocarcinomas (BCAcs) examined, but absent in all (0%) of the Warthin tumours, salivary duct carcinomas, mucoepidermoid carcinomas, and acinic cell carcinomas examined. PC were also detected by electron-microscopic analysis using the NanoSuit method. It is worthy of note that the former category and latter category of tumours contained and did not contain a basaloid/myoepithelial differentiation component, respectively. The four types of PC-positive SGTs showed longer PC than normal and exhibited a characteristic distribution pattern of the PC in the ductal and basaloid/neoplastic myoepithelial components. Two PC-positive carcinomas (AdCC and BCAc) still possessed PC in their recurrent/metastatic sites. Interestingly, activation of the Hedgehog signalling pathway, shown by predominantly nuclear GLI1 expression, was significantly more frequently observed in PC-positive SGTs. Finally, we identified tau tubulin kinase 2 (TTBK2) as being possibly involved in the production of PC in SGTs. Taken together, our findings indicate that SGTs that exhibit basaloid/myoepithelial differentiation (PA, BCA, AdCC, and BCAc) are ciliated, and their PC exhibit tumour-specific characteristics, are involved in activation of the Hedgehog pathway, and are associated with TTBK2 upregulation, providing a significant and important link between SGT tumourigenesis and PC. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Shinmura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | | | - Hideya Kawasaki
- Institute for NanoSuit Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hisami Kato
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takahiko Hariyama
- Institute for NanoSuit Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsuchiya
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kawanishi
- Advanced Research Facilities and Services, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Funai
- Department of Surgery 1, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Misawa
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mineta
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Sugimura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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21
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Silencing of Histone Deacetylase 6 Decreases Cellular Malignancy and Contributes to Primary Cilium Restoration, Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Reversion, and Autophagy Inhibition in Glioblastoma Cell Lines. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060467. [PMID: 34073238 PMCID: PMC8228543 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common as well as the most aggressive malignant brain tumor, with an overall survival of almost 15 months. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), an enzyme related to the deacetylation of α-tubulin, is overexpressed in GBM. The aim of our research was to study the effects of HDAC6 silencing in GBM cells. We first confirmed the overexpression of HDAC6 in GBM tissue (n = 40) against control brain (n = 10). Treatment with siHDAC6 diminished viability, clonogenic potential, and migration ability in GBM-derived cell lines. HDAC6 inhibition also reverted the mesenchymal phenotype, inhibited the Sonic Hedgehog pathway, restored primary cilium structure, and decreased autophagy. Thus, we confirm that HDAC6 is a good therapeutic target for GBM treatment. Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme, the most common type of malignant brain tumor as well as the most aggressive one, lacks an effective therapy. Glioblastoma presents overexpression of mesenchymal markers Snail, Slug, and N-Cadherin and of the autophagic marker p62. Glioblastoma cell lines also present increased autophagy, overexpression of mesenchymal markers, Shh pathway activation, and lack of primary cilia. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of HDAC6 in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma, as HDAC6 is the most overexpressed of all HDACs isoforms in this tumor. We treated glioblastoma cell lines with siHDAC6. HDAC6 silencing inhibited proliferation, migration, and clonogenicity of glioblastoma cell lines. They also reversed the mesenchymal phenotype, decreased autophagy, inhibited Shh pathway, and recovered the expression of primary cilia in glioblastoma cell lines. These results demonstrate that HDAC6 might be a good target for glioblastoma treatment.
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22
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Tsimberidou AM, Beer PA, Cartwright CA, Haymaker C, Vo HH, Kiany S, Cecil ARL, Dow J, Haque K, Silva FA, Coe L, Berryman H, Bone EA, Nogueras-Gonzalez GM, Vining D, McElwaine-Johnn H, Wistuba II. Preclinical Development and First-in-Human Study of KA2507, a Selective and Potent Inhibitor of Histone Deacetylase 6, for Patients with Refractory Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:3584-3594. [PMID: 33947698 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inhibition of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is predicted to deliver both direct antitumor activity and modulation of the antitumor immune response. This study describes the development of a novel HDAC6 inhibitor. PATIENTS AND METHODS KA2507 was characterized in HDAC biochemical and cellular target engagement assays and in preclinical efficacy models of melanoma and colorectal cancer. In a phase I study, KA2507 was administered orally using a 3+3 dose-escalation design (NCT03008018). RESULTS KA2507 is a potent and selective inhibitor of HDAC6 (biochemical IC50 = 2.5 nmol/L). Preclinical models demonstrated antitumor efficacy in syngeneic tumor-bearing mice, with translational studies highlighting modulation of the antitumor immune response. Twenty patients were treated in a phase I study. KA2507 was well tolerated; dose-limiting toxicity was not observed up to the maximum dose administered. Pharmacokinetic profiling supported twice-daily oral dosing. Pharmacodynamic analysis demonstrated selective HDAC6 target engagement in peripheral blood cells, free from off-target class I HDAC activity. Stable disease was the best clinical response (7 patients). Three of these patients (adenoid cystic carcinoma, n = 2; rectal adenocarcinoma, n = 1) had prolonged disease stabilization that lasted for 16.4, 12.6, and 9.0 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS KA2507 is a potent and selective inhibitor of HDAC6 showing antitumor efficacy and immune modulatory effects in preclinical models. In a phase I study, KA2507 showed selective target engagement, no significant toxicities, and prolonged disease stabilization in a subset of patients. Further clinical studies of KA2507 are warranted, as a single agent or, preferably, combined with other immuno-oncology drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip A Beer
- Karus Therapeutics LTD, Oxfordshire, England, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Cara Haymaker
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Henry H Vo
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Simin Kiany
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - James Dow
- Karus Therapeutics LTD, Oxfordshire, England, United Kingdom
| | - Kemal Haque
- Karus Therapeutics LTD, Oxfordshire, England, United Kingdom
| | - Franck A Silva
- Karus Therapeutics LTD, Oxfordshire, England, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Coe
- Karus Therapeutics LTD, Oxfordshire, England, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Berryman
- Karus Therapeutics LTD, Oxfordshire, England, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - David Vining
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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23
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Yin F, Chen Q, Shi Y, Xu H, Huang J, Qing M, Zhong L, Li J, Xie L, Zeng X. Activation of EGFR-Aurora A induces loss of primary cilia in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Dis 2021; 28:621-630. [PMID: 33529425 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary cilia, evolutionally conserved organelles involving multiple cell functions, are frequently lost in various cancers. However, little is known about the role of primary cilia in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS Immunofluorescence staining was applied to detect primary cilia in normal, oral leukoplakia (OLK) and OSCC tissues. Differentially expressed ciliary genes of OSCC were screened from the TCGA database. Immunohistochemical analysis was used for validating the correlation between the expression of interested proteins and primary cilia, and their regulatory effect on primary cilia was further proved in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS A significant decrease in cilia ratio was found in OLK, especially in OSCC. Multiple ciliary genes were abnormally expressed in OSCC and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-Aurora A signaling was chosen for further study. A parallel increase of EGFR-Aurora A was observed in OLK and OSCC tissues. Moreover, EGFR activation induced obvious cilia absorption by phosphorylating Aurora A. Besides, Aurora A silencing significantly restored ciliary expression and decreased tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The abnormal activation of EGFR-Aurora A leads to the gradual loss of primary cilia in oral mucosa carcinogenesis. Primary cilia have the potential to be new biomarkers and therapeutic targets of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujie Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Maofeng Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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24
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Jung Y, Cho SM, Kim S, Cheong JH, Kwon HJ. Functional inhibition of fatty acid binding protein 4 ameliorates impaired ciliogenesis in GCs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 539:28-33. [PMID: 33418190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ciliogenesis is often impaired in some cancer cells, leading to acceleration of cancer phenotypes such as cell migration and proliferation. From the investigation of primary cilia of 16 gastric cancer cells (GCs), we found that GCs could be grouped into four primary cilia (PC)-positive GCs and 12 PC-negative GCs. The proliferation of the PC-positive GCs was lower than that of PC-negative GCs. To explore the role of fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), which is a known oncogenic factor, in ciliogenesis, FABP4 expression and function were inhibited by transfection of cells with short interfering RNA targeting FABP4 (siFABP4) or FABP4 inhibitor treatment. Notably, the proliferation and migration of the cilia-forming GCs was effectively suppressed by inhibition of FABP4. In addition, the primary cilia in GCs were restored by a factor greater than two, suggesting a negative role of FABP4 in ciliogenesis in these GCs and FABP4 as a potential anticancer target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yooju Jung
- Chemical Genomics Global Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Sung Min Cho
- Chemical Genomics Global Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Sungsoo Kim
- Chemical Genomics Global Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Cheong
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Ho Jeong Kwon
- Chemical Genomics Global Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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25
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Lin CJ, Dang A, Hernandez E, Hsieh JT. DAB2IP modulates primary cilia formation associated with renal tumorigenesis. Neoplasia 2020; 23:169-180. [PMID: 33341566 PMCID: PMC7750127 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilium is a microtubule-based organelle that projects from the surfaces of most mammalian cell types and protrudes into the extracellular milieu as an antenna-like sensor to senses extracellular physical and biochemical signals, and then transmits signals into cytoplasm or nucleus to regulate numerous physical and developmental processes. Therefore, loss of primary cilia is associated to multiple cancer progression, including skin, breast, pancreas, ovarian, prostate, and kidney cancers. Our previous studies demonstrate that high prevalent loss of DAB2 Interacting Protein (DAB2IP) is associated with renal cell carcinoma, and we found a kinesin-like protein, kinesin family member 3A (KIF3a), was significantly increased in DAB2IP-interacting protein fraction. KIF3 is one of the most abundant kinesin-2 family proteins expressed in cells, and it is necessary for ciliogenesis. In this study, we observed that loss of DAB2IP in normal kidney epithelial cell significantly impair primary cilia formation. We unveiled a new mechanism of primary cilia stability via DAB2IP and KIF3a physical interaction at DAB2IP-PH domain. Furthermore, we found that KIF3a also act as a tumor suppressor in renal cell carcinoma, affect tumor development and patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jung Lin
- UT Southwestern Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Dang
- UT Southwestern Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hernandez
- UT Southwestern Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- UT Southwestern Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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26
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Tao T, Lin W, Wang Y, Zhang J, Chambers SK, Li B, Lea J, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zheng W. Loss of tubal ciliated cells as a risk for "ovarian" or pelvic serous carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:3815-3827. [PMID: 33294269 PMCID: PMC7716167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances suggest the fallopian tube as the main anatomic site for high-grade ovarian or pelvic serous carcinoma (O/PSC). Many studies on the biologic role of tubal secretory cells in O/PSC development has been performed in the last decade. However, the role of tubal ciliated cells in this regard has rarely been explored. The purpose of this study was to determine if the change of the tubal ciliated cells is associated with serous neoplasia within the female pelvis. This study included 3 groups (low-risk or benign control, high-risk, and O/PSC) of patients and they were age-matched. Age of patients ranged from 20 to 85 and the age-associated data was stratified by 10-year intervals. The number of tubal ciliated cells was determined by microscopy and by tubulin immunohistochemical staining. The data was then professionally analyzed. The results showed that the absolute number of tubal ciliated cells decreased significantly with age within each age group. A reduction in ciliated cell counts within the tubal segments remained a significant risk factor for the development of serous cancers within the female pelvis after age adjustment. A dramatic decrease of tubal ciliated cells was identified in patients with high-risk and with O/PSC compared to those in the benign control or low-risk group (P < 0.001). Further, within the tubal fimbria, the number of ciliated cells reduction was more prominent in the high-risk group when compared to those of O/PSC patients. Our findings suggest that a decreased number of ciliated cells within women's fallopian tubes represents another histologic hallmark for early serous carcinogenesis. There is a relationship between loss of tubal ciliated cells and aging, the presence of high-risk factors for tubal-ovarian cancer, and co-existing O/PSCs. This represents an initial study identifying the role of tubal ciliated cells in the development of high-grade serous carcinoma in women's pelvis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan University People’s HospitalZhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wanrun Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA
| | - Setsuko K Chambers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of ArizonaTucson, AZ, USA
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of ArizonaTucson, AZ, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics and Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA
- Harold C Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center at University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA
| | - Jayanthi Lea
- Harold C Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center at University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA
| | - Yiying Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan University People’s HospitalZhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan University People’s HospitalZhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenxin Zheng
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA
- Harold C Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center at University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA
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27
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Wang B, Liang Z, Liu P. Functional aspects of primary cilium in signaling, assembly and microenvironment in cancer. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3207-3219. [PMID: 33107052 PMCID: PMC7984063 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The primary cilium is an antennae‐like structure extent outside the cell surface. It has an important role in regulating cell‐signaling transduction to affect proliferation, differentiation and migration. Evidence is accumulating that ciliary defects lead to ciliopathies and ciliary deregulation also play crucial roles in cancer formation and progression. Interestingly, restoring the cilia can suppress proliferation in some cancer cell. However, t he role of primary cilia in cancer still be debated. In this article, we review the role of the primary cilium in cancer through architecture, signaling pathways, cilia assembly and disassembly regulators, and summarized the new findings of the primary cilium in tumor microenvironments and different cancers, highlighting novel possibilities for therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zheyong Liang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peijun Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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28
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Halder P, Khatun S, Majumder S. Freeing the brake: Proliferation needs primary cilium to disassemble. J Biosci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-00090-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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29
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Shiromizu T, Yuge M, Kasahara K, Yamakawa D, Matsui T, Bessho Y, Inagaki M, Nishimura Y. Targeting E3 Ubiquitin Ligases and Deubiquitinases in Ciliopathy and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5962. [PMID: 32825105 PMCID: PMC7504095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21175962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia are antenna-like structures present in many vertebrate cells. These organelles detect extracellular cues, transduce signals into the cell, and play an essential role in ensuring correct cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation in a spatiotemporal manner. Not surprisingly, dysregulation of cilia can cause various diseases, including cancer and ciliopathies, which are complex disorders caused by mutations in genes regulating ciliary function. The structure and function of cilia are dynamically regulated through various mechanisms, among which E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases play crucial roles. These enzymes regulate the degradation and stabilization of ciliary proteins through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. In this review, we briefly highlight the role of cilia in ciliopathy and cancer; describe the roles of E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases in ciliogenesis, ciliopathy, and cancer; and highlight some of the E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases that are potential therapeutic targets for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Shiromizu
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (T.S.); (M.Y.)
| | - Mizuki Yuge
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (T.S.); (M.Y.)
| | - Kousuke Kasahara
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-5807, Japan; (K.K.); (D.Y.); (M.I.)
| | - Daishi Yamakawa
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-5807, Japan; (K.K.); (D.Y.); (M.I.)
| | - Takaaki Matsui
- Gene Regulation Research, Division of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama, Nara 630-0192, Japan; (T.M.); (Y.B.)
| | - Yasumasa Bessho
- Gene Regulation Research, Division of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama, Nara 630-0192, Japan; (T.M.); (Y.B.)
| | - Masaki Inagaki
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-5807, Japan; (K.K.); (D.Y.); (M.I.)
| | - Yuhei Nishimura
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (T.S.); (M.Y.)
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30
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Peixoto E, Jin S, Thelen K, Biswas A, Richard S, Morleo M, Mansini A, Holtorf S, Carbone F, Pastore N, Ballabio A, Franco B, Gradilone SA. HDAC6-dependent ciliophagy is involved in ciliary loss and cholangiocarcinoma growth in human cells and murine models. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 318:G1022-G1033. [PMID: 32338033 PMCID: PMC7311663 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00033.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reduced ciliary expression is reported in several tumors, including cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). We previously showed primary cilia have tumor suppressor characteristics, and HDAC6 is involved in ciliary loss. However, mechanisms of ciliary disassembly are unknown. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that HDAC6-dependent autophagy of primary cilia, i.e., ciliophagy, is the main mechanism driving ciliary disassembly in CCA. Using the cancer genome atlas database, human CCA cells, and a rat orthotopic CCA model, we assessed basal and HDAC6-regulated autophagy levels. The effects of RNA-silencing or pharmacological manipulations of ciliophagy on ciliary expression were assessed. Interactions of ciliary proteins with autophagy machinery was assessed by immunoprecipitations. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTS and IncuCyte. A CCA rat model was used to assess the effects of pharmacological inhibition of ciliophagy in vivo. Autophagy is increased in human CCA, as well as in a rat orthotopic CCA model and human CCA cell lines. Autophagic flux was decreased via inhibition of HDAC6, while it was increased by its overexpression. Inhibition of autophagy and HDAC6 restores cilia and decreases cell proliferation. LC3 interacts with HDAC6 and ciliary proteins, and the autophagy cargo receptor involved in targeting ciliary components to the autophagy machinery is primarily NBR1. Treatment with chloroquine, Ricolinostat (ACY-1215), or their combination decreased tumor growth in vivo. Mice that overexpress the autophagy transcription factor TFEB show a decrease of ciliary number. These results suggest that ciliary disassembly is mediated by HDAC6-regulated autophagy, i.e., ciliophagy. Inhibition of ciliophagy may decrease cholangiocarcinoma growth and warrant further investigations as a potential therapeutic approach.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This work identifies novel targets against primary ciliary disassembly that can lead to new cholangiocarcinoma therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, ciliary loss has been described in different tumors, increasing the significance of our research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estanislao Peixoto
- 1The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota,2Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sujeong Jin
- 1The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Kristen Thelen
- 1The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Aalekhya Biswas
- 1The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Seth Richard
- 1The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Manuela Morleo
- 3Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy,4Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Adrian Mansini
- 1The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota,2Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Fabrizia Carbone
- 3Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia Pastore
- 3Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy,5Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- 3Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy,5Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Brunella Franco
- 3Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy,4Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio A. Gradilone
- 1The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota,2Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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31
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Peixoto E, Richard S, Pant K, Biswas A, Gradilone SA. The primary cilium: Its role as a tumor suppressor organelle. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 175:113906. [PMID: 32169416 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The primary cilium is an organelle that nearly all cells within the body contain. Its function is to sense the extracellular environment through its abundance of receptors and linked signaling pathways, working as an antenna. Ciliary defects lead to different pathologies. In particular, many tumors lose primary cilia, and this is linked with negative implications for the cell such as an increase in malignancy. In this work we will go through the knowledge of the role of primary cilia in normal conditions, how it is involved in diverse signaling pathways, and in disease, particularly in cancer, highlighting its tumor suppressor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estanislao Peixoto
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Seth Richard
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Kishor Pant
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Aalekhya Biswas
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Sergio A Gradilone
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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32
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TACC3 promotes prostate cancer cell proliferation and restrains primary cilium formation. Exp Cell Res 2020; 390:111952. [PMID: 32156598 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although primary cilia abnormalities have been frequently observed in multiple cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa), the molecular mechanisms underlying primary ciliogenesis repression in PCa cells remain unclear. Transforming acidic coiled-coil protein-3 (TACC3), whose deregulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several types of cancer, is a key centrosomal protein that plays a crucial role in centrosome/microtubule dynamics, potentially impacting primary cilium generation. Here, we showed that TACC3 was markedly upregulated in PCa and that knockdown of TACC3 restrained tumorigenesis and tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, we found that TACC3 interacts with filamin A, and elevated levels of TACC3 disrupted the interaction between filamin A and meckelin, thereby restraining primary cilium formation in PCa cells.
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33
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Characterization of Primary Cilia in Normal Fallopian Tube Epithelium and Serous Tubal Intraepithelial Carcinoma. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2019; 28:1535-1544. [PMID: 30095490 PMCID: PMC6166701 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000001321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of primary cilia on secretory cells in normal fallopian tube (FT) and serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC). Methods Fallopian tube tissue samples were obtained from 4 females undergoing prophylactic hysterectomies and 6 patients diagnosed with STIC. A mogp-TAg transgenic mouse STIC sample was also compared with a wild-type mouse FT sample. Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma was identified by hematoxylin and eosin staining and confirmed by positive Ki-67 and p53 immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections. We assessed the relative distribution of primary cilia on secretory cells and motile cilia on multiple ciliated cells by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining. Ciliary function was assessed by immunofluorescence staining of specific ciliary marker proteins and responsiveness to Sonic Hedgehog signaling. Results Primary cilia are widespread on secretory cells in the ampulla, isthmus, and in particular, the fimbriae of human FT where they may appear to mediate ciliary-mediated Sonic Hedgehog signaling. A statistically significant reduction in the number of primary cilia on secretory cells was observed in human STIC samples compared with normal controls (P < 0.0002, Student t test), supported by similar findings in a mouse STIC sample. Immunohistochemical staining for dynein axonemal heavy chain 5 discriminated multiple motile cilia from primary cilia in human FT. Conclusions Primary cilia are widespread on secretory cells in the ampulla, isthmus, and in particular, the fimbriae of the human FT but are significantly reduced in both human and mouse STIC samples. Immunohistochemical staining for ciliary proteins may have clinical utility for early detection of STIC.
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34
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Legoff L, Dali O, D'Cruz SC, Suglia A, Gely-Pernot A, Hémery C, Kernanec PY, Demmouche A, Kervarrec C, Tevosian S, Multigner L, Smagulova F. Ovarian dysfunction following prenatal exposure to an insecticide, chlordecone, associates with altered epigenetic features. Epigenetics Chromatin 2019; 12:29. [PMID: 31084621 PMCID: PMC6515617 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-019-0276-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlordecone (CD) is an insecticide that was used in the French West Indies for several years to control the banana root borer pest. Given its nonsignificant degradation, it persists in the environment. CD is a carcinogenic compound with reproductive and developmental toxicity and is a recognized endocrine-disrupting chemical. In this study, we examined the effects of CD on female reproductive system of mice with the focus on epigenetic features in ovary. Our data show that gestational exposure to low dose of CD affects meiotic double-strand breaks repair in female embryos. In adult mice derived from CD-treated pregnant females, we observed delayed puberty, decreased number of primordial and increased number of atretic follicles. Gene expression analysis revealed that Rcbtb2 and Rbpms genes were not expressed in embryonic gonads. Estrogen signaling- and oocyte maturation-associated genes were downregulated in adult ovaries. The morphological changes were associated with altered epigenetic features: increased H2Aub and increased H3K27me3 and decreased H4ac and H3K4me3 in embryonic oocytes. The DNA damage-associated, γH2AX marks were detected in the follicles of treated but not control adult ovaries. We also found reduced H3K4me3 and H4ac in fully grown oocytes of the treated ovaries. The ChIP-seq analysis of H3K4me3 in adult ovaries showed that target genes of ZFP57 and TRIM28, which regulate pluripotency and imprinting, were significantly enriched in altered regions. Our study clearly demonstrates that gestational exposure to a low dose of CD impairs the function of female reproductive system and the changes are associated with altered epigenetic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Legoff
- EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Ouzna Dali
- EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France.,Biotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Djillali Liabes University, 22000, Sidi Bel Abbès, Algeria
| | - Shereen Cynthia D'Cruz
- EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Antonio Suglia
- EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Aurore Gely-Pernot
- EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Chloé Hémery
- EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Kernanec
- EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Abbassia Demmouche
- Biotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Djillali Liabes University, 22000, Sidi Bel Abbès, Algeria
| | - Christine Kervarrec
- EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Sergei Tevosian
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Box 100144, 1333 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Luc Multigner
- EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Fatima Smagulova
- EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France.
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35
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Fabbri L, Bost F, Mazure NM. Primary Cilium in Cancer Hallmarks. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1336. [PMID: 30884815 PMCID: PMC6471594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is a solitary, nonmotile and transitory appendage that is present in virtually all mammalian cells. Our knowledge of its ultrastructure and function is the result of more than fifty years of research that has dramatically changed our perspectives on the primary cilium. The mutual regulation between ciliogenesis and the cell cycle is now well-recognized, as well as the function of the primary cilium as a cellular "antenna" for perceiving external stimuli, such as light, odorants, and fluids. By displaying receptors and signaling molecules, the primary cilium is also a key coordinator of signaling pathways that converts extracellular cues into cellular responses. Given its critical tasks, any defects in primary cilium formation or function lead to a wide spectrum of diseases collectively called "ciliopathies". An emerging role of primary cilium is in the regulation of cancer development. In this review, we seek to describe the current knowledge about the influence of the primary cilium in cancer progression, with a focus on some of the events that cancers need to face to sustain survival and growth in hypoxic microenvironment: the cancer hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla Fabbri
- Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), INSERM U1065, C3M, 151 Route de St Antoine de Ginestière, BP2 3194, 06204 Nice, France.
| | - Frédéric Bost
- Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), INSERM U1065, C3M, 151 Route de St Antoine de Ginestière, BP2 3194, 06204 Nice, France.
| | - Nathalie M Mazure
- Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), INSERM U1065, C3M, 151 Route de St Antoine de Ginestière, BP2 3194, 06204 Nice, France.
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36
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Lee J, Yi S, Chang JY, Kim JT, Sul HJ, Park KC, Zhu X, Cheng SY, Kero J, Kim J, Shong M. Loss of Primary Cilia Results in the Development of Cancer in the Murine Thyroid Gland. Mol Cells 2019; 42:113-122. [PMID: 30622229 PMCID: PMC6399002 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Communications at the interface between the apical membrane of follicular cells and the follicular lumen are critical for the homeostasis of thyroid gland. Primary cilia at the apical membrane of thyroid follicular cells may sense follicular luminal environment and regulate follicular homeostasis, although their role in vivo remains to be determined. Here, mice devoid of primary cilia were generated by thyroid follicular epithelial cell-specific deletion of the gene encoding intraflagellar transport protein 88 (Ift88 ). Thyroid follicular cell-specific Ift88-deficient mice showed normal folliculogenesis and hormonogenesis; however, those older than 7 weeks showed irregularly dilated and destroyed follicles in the thyroid gland. With increasing age, follicular cells with malignant properties showing the characteristic nuclear features of human thyroid carcinomas formed papillary and solid proliferative nodules from degenerated thyroid follicles. Furthermore, malignant tumor cells manifested as tumor emboli in thyroid vessels. These findings suggest that loss-of-function of Ift88/primary cilia results in malignant transformation from degenerated thyroid follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junguee Lee
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon 34943,
Korea
| | - Shinae Yi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015,
Korea
| | - Joon Young Chang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015,
Korea
| | - Jung Tae Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015,
Korea
| | - Hae Joung Sul
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon 34943,
Korea
| | - Ki Cheol Park
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon 34943,
Korea
| | - Xuguang Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, MD 20892-4264,
USA
| | - Sheue-yann Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, MD 20892-4264,
USA
| | - Jukka Kero
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku,
Finland
| | - Joon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34040,
Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015,
Korea
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Kuonen F, Huskey NE, Shankar G, Jaju P, Whitson RJ, Rieger KE, Atwood SX, Sarin KY, Oro AE. Loss of Primary Cilia Drives Switching from Hedgehog to Ras/MAPK Pathway in Resistant Basal Cell Carcinoma. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:1439-1448. [PMID: 30707899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) rely on Hedgehog (HH) pathway growth signal amplification by the microtubule-based organelle, the primary cilium. Despite naive tumor responsiveness to Smoothened inhibitors (Smoi), resistance in advanced tumors remains common. Although the resistant BCCs usually maintain HH pathway activation, squamous cell carcinomas with Ras/MAPK pathway activation also arise, and the molecular basis of tumor type and pathway selection are still obscure. Here, we identify the primary cilium as a critical determinant controlling tumor pathway switching. Strikingly, Smoothened inhibitor-resistant BCCs have an increased mutational load in ciliome genes, resulting in reduced primary cilia and HH pathway activation compared with naive or Gorlin syndrome patient BCCs. Gene set enrichment analysis of resistant BCCs with a low HH pathway signature showed increased Ras/MAPK pathway activation. Tissue analysis confirmed an inverse relationship between primary cilia presence and Ras/MAPK activation, and primary cilia removal in BCCs potentiated Ras/MAPK pathway activation. Moreover, activating Ras in HH-responsive cell lines conferred resistance to both canonical (vismodegib) and noncanonical (atypical protein kinase C and MRTF inhibitors) HH pathway inhibitors and conferred sensitivity to MAPK inhibitors. Our results provide insights into BCC treatment and identify the primary cilium as an important lineage gatekeeper, preventing HH-to-Ras/MAPK pathway switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Kuonen
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Noelle E Huskey
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Gautam Shankar
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Prajakta Jaju
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ramon J Whitson
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kerri E Rieger
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Scott X Atwood
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kavita Y Sarin
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Anthony E Oro
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
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Higgins M, Obaidi I, McMorrow T. Primary cilia and their role in cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:3041-3047. [PMID: 30867732 PMCID: PMC6396132 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.9942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are microtubule-based organelles that are expressed on almost all mammalian cells. It has become apparent that these structures are important signaling hubs that serve crucial roles in Wnt, hedgehog, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Notch signaling pathways. A number of diseases have been found to involve dysfunctional primary cilia; collectively these diseases are called ciliopathies. In recent years, there has been more focus on the association between primary cilia and cancer, including renal, pancreatic and breast cancer. Numerous studies have demonstrated that various types of cancer cells fail to express cilia. Notably, it has also been indicated that a number of renal carcinogens induce a significant loss of cilia in renal epithelial cells. The present review focuses on the existing literature regarding primary cilia and their involvement with cancer signaling pathways, providing a brief overview of the structural features and functions of primary cilia, then discussing the evidence associating primary cilia with cancer, and presenting the available information on the ERK/MAPK, hedgehog and Wnt signaling pathways, and their involvement in primary cilia in association with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Higgins
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ismael Obaidi
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Tara McMorrow
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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39
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Nishimura Y, Kasahara K, Shiromizu T, Watanabe M, Inagaki M. Primary Cilia as Signaling Hubs in Health and Disease. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801138. [PMID: 30643718 PMCID: PMC6325590 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia detect extracellular cues and transduce these signals into cells to regulate proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Here, the function of primary cilia as signaling hubs of growth factors and morphogens is in focus. First, the molecular mechanisms regulating the assembly and disassembly of primary cilia are described. Then, the role of primary cilia in mediating growth factor and morphogen signaling to maintain human health and the potential mechanisms by which defects in these pathways contribute to human diseases, such as ciliopathy, obesity, and cancer are described. Furthermore, a novel signaling pathway by which certain growth factors stimulate cell proliferation through suppression of ciliogenesis is also described, suggesting novel therapeutic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Nishimura
- Department of Integrative PharmacologyMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuMie514‐8507Japan
| | - Kousuke Kasahara
- Department of PhysiologyMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuMie514‐8507Japan
| | - Takashi Shiromizu
- Department of Integrative PharmacologyMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuMie514‐8507Japan
| | - Masatoshi Watanabe
- Department of Oncologic PathologyMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuMie514‐8507Japan
| | - Masaki Inagaki
- Department of PhysiologyMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuMie514‐8507Japan
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40
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Eguether T, Hahne M. Mixed signals from the cell's antennae: primary cilia in cancer. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201846589. [PMID: 30348893 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia (PC) are antenna-like organelles that protrude from most mammalian cells. They are essential for the regulation of several signaling pathways such as Hedgehog and WNT It is therefore not surprising that a dysfunction of PC is frequently associated with pathologies. Originally, PC were found to be involved in a variety of diseases commonly referred to as ciliopathies including cystic kidney diseases. Evidence is accumulating that PC play also an important role in cancer formation and regulation, which is the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Eguether
- École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, APHP, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), Sorbonne Université, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Michael Hahne
- IGMM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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41
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Abstract
The primary cilium is an antenna-like organelle assembled on most types of quiescent and differentiated mammalian cells. This immotile structure is essential for interpreting extracellular signals that regulate growth, development and homeostasis. As such, ciliary defects produce a spectrum of human diseases, termed ciliopathies, and deregulation of this important organelle also plays key roles during tumor formation and progression. Recent studies have begun to clarify the key mechanisms that regulate ciliary assembly and disassembly in both normal and tumor cells, highlighting new possibilities for therapeutic intervention. Here, we review these exciting new findings, discussing the molecular factors involved in cilium formation and removal, the intrinsic and extrinsic control of cilium assembly and disassembly, and the relevance of these processes to mammalian cell growth and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Brian D Dynlacht
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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42
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Du E, Lu C, Sheng F, Li C, Li H, Ding N, Chen Y, Zhang T, Yang K, Xu Y. Analysis of potential genes associated with primary cilia in bladder cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:3047-3056. [PMID: 30214299 PMCID: PMC6124455 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s175419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysfunction of primary cilia (PC), which could influence cell cycle and modulate cilia-related signaling transduction, has been reported in several cancers. However, there is no evidence of their function in bladder cancer (BLCA). This study was performed to investigate the presence of PC in BLCA and to explore the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the PC in BLCA. Patients and methods The presence of PC was assessed in BLCA and adjacent non-cancerous tissues. The gene expression dataset GSE52519 was employed to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with PC. The mRNA expression of the DEGs were confirmed by Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis. The DEGs properties and pathways were analyzed by Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. Genomatix software was used to predict putative transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) in the promoter region of DEGs, and the transcription factors were achieved according to the shared TFBS, which were supported by the ChIP-Sequence data. Results PC were found to be reduced in BLCA tissue samples in this study. Seven DEGs were observed to be associated with PC, and gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis indicated that these DEGs exhibited the properties and functions of PC, and that the Hedgehog signaling pathway probably participated in the pathogenesis and progression of BLCA. The mRNA expression of the seven DEGs in 404 BLCA and 28 normal tissue samples were analyzed, and five DEGs including CENPF, STIL, AURKA, STK39 and OSR1 were identified. Five TFBS including CREB, E2FF, EBOX, ETSF and HOXF in the promoter region of five DEGs were calculated and the transcription factors were obtained according to the shared TFBS. Conclusion PC were found to be reduced in BLCA, and the potential molecular mechanisms of PC in BLCA helped to provide novel diagnosis and therapeutic targets for BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Du
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Chao Lu
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Fei Sheng
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Changying Li
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Hong Li
- The Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Medical school, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Na Ding
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Yue Chen
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Ting Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Kuo Yang
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Yong Xu
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China, ;
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Abstract
Although tumours initiate from oncogenic changes in a cancer cell, subsequent tumour progression and therapeutic response depend on interactions between the cancer cells and the tumour microenvironment (TME). The primary monocilium, or cilium, provides a spatially localized platform for signalling by Hedgehog, Notch, WNT and some receptor tyrosine kinase pathways and mechanosensation. Changes in ciliation of cancer cells and/or cells of the TME during tumour development enforce asymmetric intercellular signalling in the TME. Growing evidence indicates that some oncogenic signalling pathways as well as some targeted anticancer therapies induce ciliation, while others repress it. The links between the genomic profile of cancer cells, drug treatment and ciliary signalling in the TME likely affect tumour growth and therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Anna A Kiseleva
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Erica A Golemis
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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The E3 ubiquitin ligase SMURF1 regulates cell-fate specification and outflow tract septation during mammalian heart development. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9542. [PMID: 29934521 PMCID: PMC6015040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27854-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor 1 (SMURF1) is a HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays a critical role in vertebrate development by regulating planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling and convergent extension (CE). Here we show that SMURF1 is involved in mammalian heart development. We find that SMURF1 is highly expressed in outflow tract cushion mesenchyme and Smurf1−/− mouse embryos show delayed outflow tract septation. SMURF1 is expressed in smooth muscle cells of the coronary arteries and great vessels. Thickness of the aortic smooth muscle cell layer is reduced in Smurf1−/− mouse embryos. We show that SMURF1 is a negative regulator of cardiomyogenesis and a positive regulator of smooth muscle cell and cardiac fibroblast differentiation, indicating that SMURF1 is important for cell-type specification during heart development. Finally, we provide evidence that SMURF1 localizes at the primary cilium where it may regulate bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, which controls the initial phase of cardiomyocyte differentiation. In summary, our results demonstrate that SMURF1 is a critical regulator of outflow tract septation and cell-type specification during heart development, and that these effects may in part be mediated via control of cilium-associated BMP signaling.
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45
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Gradilone SA, Pisarello MJL, LaRusso NF. Primary Cilia in Tumor Biology: The Primary Cilium as a Therapeutic Target in Cholangiocarcinoma. Curr Drug Targets 2018; 18:958-963. [PMID: 25706257 DOI: 10.2174/1389450116666150223162737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cilia are microtubule-based organelles, which are ubiquitously expressed in epithelial cells. Cholangiocytes, the epithelial cells lining the biliary tree, have primary cilia extending from their apical plasma membrane into the ductal lumen, where the cilia function as multisensory organelles transducing environmental cues into the cell interior. The decrease or loss of primary cilia has been described in several malignancies, including cholangiocarcinoma, suggesting that the loss of cilia is a common occurrence in neoplastic transformation. In this short review, we describe the expression of cilia in several cancers, explore the mechanisms and consequences of ciliary loss, and discuss the potential use of the primary cilia as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A Gradilone
- Cancer Cell Biology and Translational Research. The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota. 801 16th Avenue NE. Austin, MN 55912, United States
| | - Maria J Lorenzo Pisarello
- Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Nicholas F LaRusso
- Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, United States
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Porpora M, Sauchella S, Rinaldi L, Delle Donne R, Sepe M, Torres-Quesada O, Intartaglia D, Garbi C, Insabato L, Santoriello M, Bachmann VA, Synofzik M, Lindner HH, Conte I, Stefan E, Feliciello A. Counterregulation of cAMP-directed kinase activities controls ciliogenesis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1224. [PMID: 29581457 PMCID: PMC5964327 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03643-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium emanates from the cell surface of growth-arrested cells and plays a central role in vertebrate development and tissue homeostasis. The mechanisms that control ciliogenesis have been extensively explored. However, the intersection between GPCR signaling and the ubiquitin pathway in the control of cilium stability are unknown. Here we observe that cAMP elevation promotes cilia resorption. At centriolar satellites, we identify a multimeric complex nucleated by PCM1 that includes two kinases, NEK10 and PKA, and the E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP. We show that NEK10 is essential for ciliogenesis in mammals and for the development of medaka fish. PKA phosphorylation primes NEK10 for CHIP-mediated ubiquitination and proteolysis resulting in cilia resorption. Disarrangement of this control mechanism occurs in proliferative and genetic disorders. These findings unveil a pericentriolar kinase signalosome that efficiently links the cAMP cascade with the ubiquitin-proteasome system, thereby controlling essential aspects of ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monia Porpora
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University 'Federico II', Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Simona Sauchella
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University 'Federico II', Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Laura Rinaldi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University 'Federico II', Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Rossella Delle Donne
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University 'Federico II', Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Maria Sepe
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University 'Federico II', Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Omar Torres-Quesada
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Intartaglia
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), 80078, Italy
| | - Corrado Garbi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University 'Federico II', Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Luigi Insabato
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Margherita Santoriello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University 'Federico II', Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Verena A Bachmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Herbert H Lindner
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Biocenter Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ivan Conte
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), 80078, Italy
| | - Eduard Stefan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Antonio Feliciello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University 'Federico II', Naples, 80131, Italy.
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47
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Hassounah NB, Nunez M, Fordyce C, Roe D, Nagle R, Bunch T, McDermott KM. Inhibition of Ciliogenesis Promotes Hedgehog Signaling, Tumorigenesis, and Metastasis in Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:1421-1430. [PMID: 28611083 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are chemosensors that play a dual role to either activate or repress Hedgehog signaling, depending on presence or absence of ligand, respectively. While inhibition of ciliogenesis has been shown to be characteristic of breast cancers, the functional consequence is unknown. Here, for the first time, inhibition of ciliogenesis led to earlier tumor formation, faster tumor growth rate, higher grade tumor formation, and increased metastasis in the polyoma middle T (PyMT) mouse model of breast cancer. In in vitro model systems, inhibition of ciliogenesis resulted in increased expression of Hedgehog-target genes through a mechanism involving loss of the repressor form of the GLI transcription factor (GLIR) and activation of Hedgehog target gene expression through cross-talk with TGF-alpha (TGFA) signaling. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that increased Hedgehog signaling is frequently associated with increased TGFA; signaling in patients with triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC), a particularly aggressive breast cancer subtype. These results identify a previously unrecognized role for inhibition of ciliogenesis in breast cancer progression. This study identifies inhibition of ciliogenesis as an important event for activation of Hedgehog signaling and progression of breast cancer to a more aggressive, metastatic disease.Implications: These findings change the way we understand how cancer cells turn on a critical signaling pathways and a provide rationale for developing novel therapeutic approaches to target noncanonical Hedgehog signaling for the treatment of breast cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 15(10); 1421-30. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia B Hassounah
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Martha Nunez
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Colleen Fordyce
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Denise Roe
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ray Nagle
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Thomas Bunch
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Kimberly M McDermott
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. .,Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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48
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Christensen ST, Morthorst SK, Mogensen JB, Pedersen LB. Primary Cilia and Coordination of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) and Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β) Signaling. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a028167. [PMID: 27638178 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Since the beginning of the millennium, research in primary cilia has revolutionized our way of understanding how cells integrate and organize diverse signaling pathways during vertebrate development and in tissue homeostasis. Primary cilia are unique sensory organelles that detect changes in their extracellular environment and integrate and transmit signaling information to the cell to regulate various cellular, developmental, and physiological processes. Many different signaling pathways have now been shown to rely on primary cilia to function properly, and mutations that lead to ciliary dysfunction are at the root of a pleiotropic group of diseases and syndromic disorders called ciliopathies. In this review, we present an overview of primary cilia-mediated regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling. Further, we discuss how defects in the coordination of these pathways may be linked to ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren T Christensen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Stine K Morthorst
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Johanne B Mogensen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Lotte B Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark
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49
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Korobeynikov V, Deneka AY, Golemis EA. Mechanisms for nonmitotic activation of Aurora-A at cilia. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:37-49. [PMID: 28202658 PMCID: PMC5860652 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of the Aurora kinase A (AURKA) is oncogenic in many tumors. Many studies of AURKA have focused on activities of this kinase in mitosis, and elucidated the mechanisms by which AURKA activity is induced at the G2/M boundary through interactions with proteins such as TPX2 and NEDD9. These studies have informed the development of small molecule inhibitors of AURKA, of which a number are currently under preclinical and clinical assessment. While the first activities defined for AURKA were its control of centrosomal maturation and organization of the mitotic spindle, an increasing number of studies over the past decade have recognized a separate biological function of AURKA, in controlling disassembly of the primary cilium, a small organelle protruding from the cell surface that serves as a signaling platform. Importantly, these activities require activation of AURKA in early G1, and the mechanisms of activation are much less well defined than those in mitosis. A better understanding of the control of AURKA activity and the role of AURKA at cilia are both important in optimizing the efficacy and interpreting potential downstream consequences of AURKA inhibitors in the clinic. We here provide a current overview of proteins and mechanisms that have been defined as activating AURKA in G1, based on the study of ciliary disassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Korobeynikov
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, U.S.A
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, U.S.A
| | - Alexander Y Deneka
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, U.S.A
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420000, Russian Federation
| | - Erica A Golemis
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, U.S.A.
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50
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Kobayashi T, Nakazono K, Tokuda M, Mashima Y, Dynlacht BD, Itoh H. HDAC2 promotes loss of primary cilia in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:334-343. [PMID: 28028031 PMCID: PMC5286357 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201541922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of primary cilia is frequently observed in tumor cells, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells, suggesting that the absence of this organelle may promote tumorigenesis through aberrant signal transduction and the inability to exit the cell cycle. However, the molecular mechanisms that explain how PDAC cells lose primary cilia are still ambiguous. In this study, we found that inhibition or silencing of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) restores primary cilia formation in PDAC cells. Inactivation of HDAC2 results in decreased Aurora A expression, which promotes disassembly of primary cilia. We further showed that HDAC2 controls ciliogenesis independently of Kras, which facilitates Aurora A expression. These studies suggest that HDAC2 is a novel regulator of primary cilium formation in PDAC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Kosuke Nakazono
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Mio Tokuda
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Yu Mashima
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Brian David Dynlacht
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Institute, Smilow Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
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