|
1
|
Chang M, Shi X, Yang B, Li P, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Zhang Y. Modified Huangqi Chifeng decoction alleviates podocyte injury on rat with experimental membranous nephropathy. Ren Fail 2025; 47:2459896. [PMID: 39972601 PMCID: PMC11843643 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2025.2459896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2024] [Revised: 01/15/2025] [Accepted: 01/23/2025] [Indexed: 02/21/2025] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of modified Huangqi Chifeng decoction (MHCD) on proteinuria in membranous nephropathy (MN) and its potential protective effects on podocytes. Furthermore, we explored whether these effects are associated with the inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway. METHODS Passive Heymann nephritis (PHN) rat model was applied with a single tail vein injection of sheep anti-rat Fx1A serum (0.4 ml/100g). All rats were divided into four groups: normal group, PHN group, benazepril group (10 mg/kg), and MHCD group (12.5 g/kg), and were treated for 6 weeks. 24-hour urine protein levels and serum biochemical parameters were measured. Optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were performed to assess pathological changes in renal tissues. Additionally, the expression levels of IgG, C5b-9, nephrin, podocin, Wilms' tumor gene 1 (WT-1), and NF-κB p65 were evaluated. RESULTS PHN rats exhibited progressive proteinuria over time. However, MHCD treatment significantly reduced levels of proteinuria and triglyceride, while increased levels of albumin. Moreover, MHCD alleviated pathological damage in renal tissues, and reduced the expression of IgG and membrane attack complex (C5b-9). Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that MHCD increased the expression of nephrin, podocin, and WT-1. Western blot analysis showed that MHCD increased the expression of nephrin and podocin while inhibiting the activation of NF-κB p65. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that MHCD exert reno-protective effects in the experimental rat model of MN by alleviating podocyte damage and inhibiting the NF-κB pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Chang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Deparment of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiujie Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Deparment of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Pathology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- Experimental Research Center, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Tôrres PPBF, Meneses GC, Lima LAL, Lopes NC, de Araújo LM, Araújo KMDR, de Souza RN, Domingues-da-Silva RDO, Martins AMC, Daher EDF, da Silva Junior GB. Angiopoietin-2 and endothelial damage associated with viral load in untreated people living with HIV. Int J STD AIDS 2025; 36:498-505. [PMID: 40019463 DOI: 10.1177/09564624251323681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2025]
Abstract
BackgroundHIV infection is associated with various types of endothelial damage. Early and accurate diagnosis of endothelial dysfunction may help prevent adverse outcomes. For the first time, this cross-sectional study aims to investigate the effects of increased viral load on endothelial damage and nephrinuria in untreated people living with HIV.MethodsPeople living with HIV not on treatment were included. Laboratory parameters, such as viral load and CD4 count were collected. Participants were divided into three groups according to the tertiles of viral load: low, moderate and high viral load groups. Urinary nephrin, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), angiopoietin-2 and syndecan-1 were quantified by sandwich ELISA assays kits.ResultsA total of 49 patients were examined. The high viral load group (3rd tertile) exhibited a greater frequency of nephrinuria and significantly higher levels of syndecan-1 (58 [48-93] vs 43 [38-65] ng/mL, p = .049) and angiopoietin-2 (2.58 [1.5-3.06] vs 1.34 [0.89-1.76] ng/mL, p = .035). Syndecan-1 levels positively correlated with viral load (rho = 0.452, p = .006), while angiopoietin-2 was positively correlated with viral load (rho = 0.529, p = .001) and inversely correlated with CD4 count (rho = -0.493, p = .003). No significant associations were found for VCAM-1 levels.ConclusionUntreated people living with HIV with elevated viral loads exhibited more pronounced endothelial damage and vascular inflammation, emphasizing the critical importance of early initiation of antiretroviral treatment to mitigate these complications. However, the study's findings should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size, which may limit the generalizability of the results. Future studies with larger cohorts are needed to confirm these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gdayllon Cavalcante Meneses
- Clinical and Toxicological Analysis Department, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Lana Andrade Lucena Lima
- Public Health and Medical Sciences Graduate Programs, Federal University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Nicole Coelho Lopes
- Pharmacology Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Leticia Machado de Araújo
- Public Health and Medical Sciences Graduate Programs, Federal University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Rayane Nascimento de Souza
- Medical Sciences Post-Graduate Program, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Raoni de Oliveira Domingues-da-Silva
- Medical Sciences Post-Graduate Program, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Alice Maria Costa Martins
- Clinical and Toxicological Analysis Department, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth De Francesco Daher
- Medical Sciences Post-Graduate Program, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Bezerra da Silva Junior
- Collective Health Post-Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Mogos M, Milas O, Socaciu C, Socaciu AI, Vlad A, Gadalean F, Bob F, Cretu OM, Suteanu-Simulescu A, Glavan M, Balint L, Ienciu S, Iancu IL, Jianu DC, Ursoniu S, Petrica L. Urinary and Serum Amino Acids May Be Associated with Podocyte, Proximal Tubule, and Renal Endothelial Injury in Early Diabetic Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Biomedicines 2025; 13:675. [PMID: 40149650 PMCID: PMC11940529 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines13030675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2025] [Revised: 03/05/2025] [Accepted: 03/05/2025] [Indexed: 03/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is complex and multifactorial. Because of its complications and reduced number of diagnostic biomarkers, it is important to explore new biomarkers with possible roles in the early diagnosis of DKD. Our study aims to investigate the pattern of previously identified metabolites and their association with biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction, proximal tubule (PT) dysfunction, and podocyte injury. Methods: A total of 110 participants, comprising 20 healthy individuals and 90 patients divided in three groups were enrolled in the study: normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, and macroalbuminuria. Untargeted and targeted metabolomic methods were employed to assess urinary and serum biomarkers, as well as indicators of endothelial dysfunction, podocyte damage, and PT dysfunction through ELISA techniques. Results: Our research uncovered specific metabolites that exhibit varying levels across different sub-groups. Notably, glycine serves as a distinguishing factor between group C and the normoalbuminuric group. Furthermore, glycine is correlated with endothelial markers, especially VCAM. We observed a gradual decrease in kynurenic acid levels from group C to group P3; this biomarker also demonstrates an inverse relationship with both p-selectin and VCAM. Additionally, tryptophan levels decline progressively from group C to group P3, accompanied by a negative correlation with p-selectin and VCAM. Urinary tiglylglycine also differentiates among the patient groups, with concentrations decreasing as the condition worsens. It shows a strong positive correlation with nephrin, podocalyxin, KIM1, and NAG. Conclusions: In conclusion, glycine, tiglylglycine, kynurenic acid and tryptophan may be considered putative biomarkers for early diagnosis of DKD and T2DM progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mogos
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.M.); (F.G.); (F.B.); (A.S.-S.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (S.I.); (I.-L.I.); (L.P.)
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (A.V.); (D.C.J.)
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (S.U.)
| | - Oana Milas
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.M.); (F.G.); (F.B.); (A.S.-S.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (S.I.); (I.-L.I.); (L.P.)
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (A.V.); (D.C.J.)
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (S.U.)
| | - Carmen Socaciu
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (S.U.)
- Research Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Therapy BIODIATECH, SC Proplanta, Str. Trifoiului 12G, 400478 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Iulia Socaciu
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Haţieganu”, Str. Victor Babes 8, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adrian Vlad
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (A.V.); (D.C.J.)
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (S.U.)
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Division of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Florica Gadalean
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.M.); (F.G.); (F.B.); (A.S.-S.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (S.I.); (I.-L.I.); (L.P.)
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (A.V.); (D.C.J.)
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (S.U.)
| | - Flaviu Bob
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.M.); (F.G.); (F.B.); (A.S.-S.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (S.I.); (I.-L.I.); (L.P.)
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (A.V.); (D.C.J.)
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (S.U.)
| | - Octavian Marius Cretu
- Department of Surgery I–Division of Surgical Semiology I, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Emergency Clinical Municipal Hospital Timisoara, 300079 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Anca Suteanu-Simulescu
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.M.); (F.G.); (F.B.); (A.S.-S.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (S.I.); (I.-L.I.); (L.P.)
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (A.V.); (D.C.J.)
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (S.U.)
| | - Mihaela Glavan
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.M.); (F.G.); (F.B.); (A.S.-S.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (S.I.); (I.-L.I.); (L.P.)
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (A.V.); (D.C.J.)
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (S.U.)
| | - Lavinia Balint
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.M.); (F.G.); (F.B.); (A.S.-S.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (S.I.); (I.-L.I.); (L.P.)
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (A.V.); (D.C.J.)
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (S.U.)
| | - Silvia Ienciu
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.M.); (F.G.); (F.B.); (A.S.-S.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (S.I.); (I.-L.I.); (L.P.)
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (A.V.); (D.C.J.)
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (S.U.)
| | - Iuliana-Lavinia Iancu
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.M.); (F.G.); (F.B.); (A.S.-S.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (S.I.); (I.-L.I.); (L.P.)
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (A.V.); (D.C.J.)
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (S.U.)
| | - Dragos Catalin Jianu
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (A.V.); (D.C.J.)
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (S.U.)
- Department of Neurosciences—Division of Neurology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Centre for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology (Neuropsy-Cog), Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sorin Ursoniu
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (S.U.)
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Functional Sciences III, Division of Public Health and History of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ligia Petrica
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.M.); (F.G.); (F.B.); (A.S.-S.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (S.I.); (I.-L.I.); (L.P.)
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (A.V.); (D.C.J.)
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (S.U.)
- Centre for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology (Neuropsy-Cog), Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Chen Q, Chen S, Ye Q, Lin W, Liao Y, Xiong Y, Xu J, Gao R, Li B, Liu L, Wei L. Anti-nephrin antibody: a potential biomarker of minimal change disease. Clin Kidney J 2025; 18:sfaf012. [PMID: 40046822 PMCID: PMC11879414 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfaf012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Minimal change disease (MCD) is a common pathological type of nephrotic syndrome in children and adults, and the mechanisms remain obscure. The diagnosis of MCD still relies on renal biopsy, lacking effective biological markers. This study explores the diagnostic value of circulating anti-nephrin antibody in MCD patients and evaluates the correlation with disease activity indicators such as proteinuria. Methods The study included 108 adult patients with glomerular disease, including 36 with MCD, 16 with primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), 20 with primary membranous nephropathy (MN), 17 with diabetic nephropathy (DN) and 19 with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). Twenty healthy volunteers were included. Circulating anti-nephrin antibody was detected by indirect immunofluorescence method of cell-based assay. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the role of circulating anti-nephrin antibody in the diagnosis of MCD. The correlations between anti-nephrin antibody and clinical parameters were analyzed. Results The prevalence of circulating anti-nephrin antibody was 19.44% (7 of 36) in MCD and 26.92% (7 of 26) in MCD patients with nephrotic proteinuria, which was higher than in FSGS, PMN, DN, IgAN and healthy volunteers. The ROC curve showed that the sensitivity of anti-nephrin antibody used in the diagnosis of MCD was 19.4% and the specificity was 97.8%. The MCD patients with positive anti-nephrin antibody had heavier proteinuria and higher serum lipid levels, while having lower serum albumin and blood IgG levels. Anti-nephrin antibody might turn to negative when the MCD patient had a response to therapy. Conclusions Circulating anti-nephrin antibody may be a potential biomarker of MCD and may play a role in the MCD diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Clinical Immunology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sihui Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiuping Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Clinical Immunology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wanjun Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Clinical Immunology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yonggen Liao
- Department of Nephrology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Clinical Immunology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yunfeng Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiaming Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ruiyu Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Binbin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Clinical Immunology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lifang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Clinical Immunology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lixin Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Clinical Immunology, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
5
|
Mohsin ZA, Kamoona HR. Changes in the immunohistochemical expression of nephrin protein in renal corpuscle of rats in response to sleep disturbance. J Mol Histol 2025; 56:88. [PMID: 39953244 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-025-10372-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2025] [Indexed: 02/17/2025]
Abstract
Sleep is an essential health requirement; human body needs sufficient amount and quality of sleep to ensure its health. Sleep disturbance led to deterioration in renal functions. This study aimed to asses effect of sleep disturbance on nephrin protein in renal corpuscle. A sample of thirty adult male albino rats, subjected to sleep disturbance by light, divided into three groups; control group with normal sleep rhythm of 12-12 h dark- light phases, group A: subjected to interruption of sleep by light at three intervals, group B: rats were exposed to a reduction in sleep time by continuous light stimulation for 7 h. Animals were sacrificed by euthanasia, their kidneys were dissected and prepared for paraffin, sections stained for Nephrin protein, and the immunohistochemical intensity was quantified by Aperio Image Scope analysis software. This study showed variations in the effect of sleep disturbance patterns by light exposure on nephrin protein expression in renal corpuscles; in the control group a strong patchy distribution of Nephrine in the peripheral region of the glomerulus, group A showed a significant reduction compared to the control group, and group B a weak expression of nephrin protein in the glomerulus, with significant changes between group B and group A, but no significant changes between group B and control. These changes reflect that sleep disturbance affects the structural integrity of the slit diaphragm and nephrin protein expression, which is considered a novel protein for the slit diaphragm structural integrity, and a sign of podocyte injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa Aboud Mohsin
- Human Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, AL -Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Huda R Kamoona
- Human Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, AL -Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
|
6
|
Rigante ECL, Calvano CD, Ventura G, Cataldi TRI. Look but don't touch: Non-invasive chemical analysis of organic paint binders - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2025; 1335:343251. [PMID: 39643288 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.343251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 12/09/2024]
Abstract
Diagnostics on historical art samples are decisive for assessing degradation and understanding the chemical composition of supports and polychromies. These investigations help us in uncovering the artist's style and techniques and provide invaluable information for restoration, preservation and conservation. In paint formulation, the binder, also known as medium, disperses insoluble pigments and creates a homogeneous, adhesive mixture. Various analytical techniques, often used in combination, are usually employed to characterize binders with infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopies being the most common choices. Recently, mass spectrometry (MS) has gained prominence for its ability to allow detailed structural characterization and identification, thanks to soft ionization sources such as matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) and electrospray ionization (ESI). However, MS typically requires micro-sampling, which is often prohibited for highly valuable artworks. This limitation has driven research toward the development of innovative minimally invasive sampling strategies like enzyme-functionalized gels applied to polychromies for in-situ protein digestion and peptide extraction. These quasi-non-invasive methods offer powerful solutions for extracting and characterizing organic painting binders, unlocking valuable insights into these elusive materials. This review aims to explore both the most common non-invasive analytical techniques used to characterize ancient and contemporary painting binders, and the most recent advancements in minimally invasive sampling strategies, which represent convenient and interesting approaches to enable the use of invasive analytical approaches while preserving the integrity of precious artworks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena C L Rigante
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Cosima D Calvano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale SMART, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale "Laboratorio di ricerca per la Diagnostica dei Beni Culturali", University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Ventura
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Tommaso R I Cataldi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale SMART, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
|
7
|
Abdel-Aal A, F AAA, El-Khayat Z, Mohamed N, Rostom M, Tolba E, Galal El-Din Shams El-Din N, Mettwally WSA, Hamdy AA. Chitosan nanoencapsulation of Turbinaria triquetra metabolites in the management of podocyturia in nephrotoxic rats. Sci Rep 2025; 15:631. [PMID: 39753630 PMCID: PMC11698862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-82463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 12/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2025] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic drug, which exhibits undesirable side effects. Chitosan nanoparticles are promising for drug delivery. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the brown alga Turbinaria triquetra ethyl acetate fraction and polysaccharides, either loaded on chitosan nanoparticles or free, against podocyturia and cisplatin nephrotoxicity in rats. Sixty-six male rats were distributed into 11 equal groups: untreated control, chitosan (CSNPs), ethyl acetate fraction (EAE), polysaccharide (PS), EAE loaded on chitosan nanoparticles (EAE-CSNPs), PS loaded on chitosan nanoparticles (PS-CSNPs), Cisplatin or cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP), CDDP + EAE, CDDP + PS, CDDP + EAE-CSNPs, and CDDP + PS-CSNPs. Serum urea, creatinine, creatinine clearance, renal malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, paraoxonase 1, renal nephrin, and podocin, and their renal mRNA gene expressions, as well as urinary nephrin and podocin were determined. The results indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction and polysaccharides, either free or loaded, efficiently attenuated podocyturia and cisplatin nephrotoxicity compared to the Cis group. However, the improvement was higher in the nephrotoxic groups treated with EAE-CSNPs and PS-CSNPs. The current study revealed that chitosan nanoencapsulation showed ameliorative effects against podocyturia and cisplatin nephrotoxicity in rats compared to free extracts, offering a new therapeutic strategy for attenuating podocyturia and CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Abdel-Aal
- Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Aziz A F
- Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Zakaria El-Khayat
- Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nadia Mohamed
- Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Merit Rostom
- Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emad Tolba
- Polymers and Pigments Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St, Dokki, Cairo, 12311, Egypt
| | | | - Walaa S A Mettwally
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute , National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Abdelhamid Aly Hamdy
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute , National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
|
8
|
Zhao X, Ma C, Li L, Yang Y, Zhang S, Wang X. Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Cells Ameliorate Adriamycin-Induced Nephropathy by Promoting Angiogenesis. Organogenesis 2024; 20:2356339. [PMID: 38796830 PMCID: PMC11135856 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2024.2356339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study is to investigate the therapeutical effect and mechanisms of human-derived adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC) in relieving adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephropathy (AN). SD rats were separated into normal group, ADR group, ADR+Losartan group (20 mg/kg), and ADR + ADSC group. AN rats were induced by intravenous injection with adriamycin (8 mg/kg), and 4 d later, ADSC (2 × 105 cells/mouse) were administrated twice with 2 weeks interval time (i.v.). The rats were euthanized after the 6 weeks' treatment. Biochemical indicators reflecting renal injury, such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN), neutrophil gelatinase alpha (NGAL), serum creatinine (Scr), inflammation, oxidative stress, and pro-fibrosis molecules, were evaluated. Results demonstrated that we obtained high qualified ADSCs for treatment determined by flow cytometry, and ADSCs treatment significantly ameliorated renal injuries in DN rats by decreasing BUN, Scr and NGAL in peripheral blood, as well as renal histopathological injuries, especially protecting the integrity of podocytes by immunofluorescence. Furthermore, ADSCs treatment also remarkably reduced the renal inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in DN rats. Preliminary mechanism study suggested that the ADSCs treatment significantly increased renal neovascularization via enhancing proangiogenic VEGF production. Pharmacodynamics study using in vivo imaging confirmed that ADSCs via intravenous injection could accumulate into the kidneys and be alive at least 2 weeks. In a conclusion, ADSC can significantly alleviate ADR-induced nephropathy, and mainly through reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis, as well as enhancing VEGF production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Zhao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chengyan Ma
- The Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lijie Li
- Beijing AeglesStem Technology Co. LTD, Beijing, China
| | - Yuemei Yang
- Beijing AeglesStem Technology Co. LTD, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Hematology, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
9
|
Endacott SK, Brennan C, Kahl RGS, Onifade OM, Rae KM, Lumbers ER, Pringle KG. Soluble (pro)renin receptor (s(P)RR) levels in women carrying Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander babies; the Gomeroi Gaaynggal study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2024; 38:101169. [PMID: 39577063 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2024.101169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 10/15/2024] [Accepted: 11/08/2024] [Indexed: 11/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the levels of soluble (pro)renin receptor (s(P)RR) in women carrying Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander (First Nations) babies and investigate whether s(P)RR levels change in women who have complicated pregnancies. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of data (2010-2018). Data/samples were from the Gomeroi Gaaynggal Study, a longitudinal cohort study based on Gomeroi/Kamilaroi lands (Tamworth), NSW, Australia. Third trimester samples (blood/urine) were collected from pregnant women carrying a First Nations baby (N = 188). METHODS/MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Plasma s(P)RR and markers of kidney function (plasma: creatinine, urea and cystatin C; urinary: creatinine, protein, albumin, angiotensinogen, nephrin and Na/K) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or standardised pathology procedures as needed. RESULTS Soluble (P)RR was detected in plasma of women in the cohort (median: 19.86 ng/mL; IQR: 12.52-26.8). Soluble (P)RR levels correlated positively with maternal plasma creatinine (P = 0.0001) and gestational age in the third trimester (P = 0.002). Levels of s(P)RR tended to positively correlate with urinary protein/creatinine (P = 0.04) and nephrin/creatinine (P = 0.03). Soluble (P)RR levels tended to be higher in women who birthed prematurely (P = 0.06). Soluble (P)RR levels did not change with other pregnancy complications or outcomes (preeclampsia, GDM or small or large for gestational age birth). CONCLUSIONS Soluble (P)RR is present in the plasma of pregnant women carrying First Nations babies and is correlated with known urinary biomarkers of renal function. Increased maternal s(P)RR levels may be associated with increased risk of preterm birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saije K Endacott
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Women's Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cassandra Brennan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard G S Kahl
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Oyepeju M Onifade
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kym M Rae
- Mater Research Institute, Aubigny Place, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Eugenie R Lumbers
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Women's Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kirsty G Pringle
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Women's Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
|
10
|
Elkholy IAA, Elkashef W, Mostafa FEH, Hassan A. Assessment of podocyte detachment as a pivotal step in the development of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2024; 36:36. [PMID: 39551885 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-024-00244-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/08/2024] [Indexed: 11/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Podocytopenia refers to a decrease in the number of podocytes. When podocytes are injured, they may detach leading to podocytopenia, which represents a critical step in the development of podocytopathy and subsequently deterioration of renal functions. Pathological assessment of podocytopenia plays a crucial role in diagnosing underlying kidney diseases. AIM To assess detached podocytes and evaluate their diagnostic role in the development of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective study, conducted on 67 archival renal biopsies with the clinical diagnosis of steroid-resistant or steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) and diagnosed as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and podocytopathy with detached podocytes by electron microscopy (EM). Colloidal iron stain and Desmin immunohistochemical stain were performed. Assessment of the mean percent of stained pixels in relation to the surface tuft area of the glomerulus, i.e., mean percent of stained area (PSA) was done using image analysis system (ImageJ 1.52a) software. RESULTS Podocytopathy with detached podocytes was diagnosed in 35 (52.24%) cases, while FSGS was diagnosed in 32 (47.76%) cases. Regarding detached podocytes, 27 (49.3%) cases showed no detached podocytes by light microscopy (LM), while only 4 (6%) showed severe podocyte detachment. There was a statistically significant difference between control cases and both podocytopathy with detached podocytes and FSGS regarding mean PSA (p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSION Standardized reporting of detached podocyte cells is becoming mandatory as they have a high positive predictive value for the expected EM picture.
Collapse
|
|
11
|
Roman M, Nowicki M. Detailed Pathophysiology of Minimal Change Disease: Insights into Podocyte Dysfunction, Immune Dysregulation, and Genetic Susceptibility. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:12174. [PMID: 39596249 PMCID: PMC11595011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252212174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2024] [Revised: 11/01/2024] [Accepted: 11/03/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Minimal Change Disease (MCD) is a predominant cause of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in the pediatric population, yet presents significant clinical challenges due to its frequent relapses and steroid resistance. Despite its relatively benign histological appearance, MCD is characterized by severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema, which may affect patient outcomes. Current treatment strategies primarily rely on corticosteroids, which are effective in inducing remission but are associated with high relapse rates, steroid resistance, and numerous long-term side effects, underscoring the need for more targeted and effective therapeutic approaches. This narrative review synthesizes current knowledge on the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying MCD, focusing on the following three critical areas: podocyte dysfunction, immune dysregulation, and genetic susceptibility. Podocyte dysfunction, particularly involving alterations in nephrin, plays a central role in the breakdown of the glomerular filtration barrier, leading to the characteristic proteinuria observed in MCD. Immune dysregulation, including the presence of autoantibodies against nephrin and other podocyte components, exacerbates podocyte injury and contributes to disease progression, suggesting an autoimmune component to the disease. Genetic factors, particularly mutations in the NPHS1 and NPHS2 genes, have been identified as significant contributors to disease susceptibility, influencing the variability in treatment response and overall disease severity. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapies that address the underlying causes of MCD rather than merely managing its symptoms. This review highlights the need for further research into these pathophysiological processes to pave the way for more personalized and effective treatment strategies, ultimately improving patient outcomes and reducing reliance on corticosteroids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michał Nowicki
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Central University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
|
12
|
Mesfine BB, Vojisavljevic D, Kapoor R, Watson D, Kandasamy Y, Rudd D. Urinary Nephrin: A Potential Biomarker of Early Glomerular Injury in a Cohort of Pregnant Women Attending Routine Antenatal Care Services. Int J Nephrol 2024; 2024:9089557. [PMID: 39524372 PMCID: PMC11550004 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9089557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 10/10/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Glomerular injury may occur during pregnancy as a consequence of systemic disease and pregnancy-related medical complications. While urinary nephrin has been shown to provide early identification of preeclampsia (PE) in high-risk pregnancies, the role of urinary nephrin in determining glomerular injury in pregnant women is yet to be explored. This study aimed to investigate the use of urinary nephrin as a predictor for early glomerular injury in a study conducted at the Townville University Hospital. Methods and Materials: A cross-sectional study was conducted. All pregnant women with a full dataset (n = 273) were classified into three categories according to their urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR): normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria. Continuous variables were compared between groups, and the cut-off value for the urinary nephrin-to-creatinine ratio (NCR) was determined to predict albuminuria as an indirect indicator of early glomerular injury. The percentages of pregnant women who had elevated nephrinuria were calculated for each of the ACR categories. Results: Urinary NCR positively correlated with urinary ACR (r = 0.29, p < 0.0001). Urinary NCR increased comparably in women with normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria. Using a cut-off value of 14 ng/mg, nephrinuria was detected in 65% of women with normoalbuminuria, 95% with microalbuminuria and 100% with macroalbuminuria. Of the normoalbuminuric women who had an elevated urinary NCR (> 14 ng/mg), 78% were diagnosed with a hypertensive disorder and 63% were diagnosed with diabetes in pregnancy. In women with PE, urinary NCR and ACR were significantly higher when compared to women who did not develop PE. The AUC of the ROC for urinary NCR was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.650-0.824), with a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 36% to predict glomerular injury and a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 42% to predict glomerular injury of PE. Conclusion: The study found that urinary NCR were elevated not only in women with micro- and macroalbuminuria but also in pregnant women with normoalbuminuria. Increased urinary NCR without increased urinary albumin may be associated with early glomerular injury. Urinary NCR may be a more sensitive marker than microalbuminuria to detect early glomerular injury in women with systemic disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belete Biadgo Mesfine
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Science, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Douglas, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Danica Vojisavljevic
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Science, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Douglas, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Ranjna Kapoor
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Science, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Douglas, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - David Watson
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Australia
| | - Yogavijayan Kandasamy
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Science, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Douglas, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
- Department of Neonatology, Townsville University Hospital, 100 Angus Smith Dr, Douglas, Queensland 4814, Townsville, Australia
| | - Donna Rudd
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Science, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Douglas, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
|
13
|
Nugroho P, Saragih RJ, Lydia A, Muhadi M, Isbagio H, Shatri H, Chundiawan CC, Hermanto F. Correlation of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine With Podocytopathy Markers in Diabetic Kidney Disease Patients. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2024; 17:255-264. [PMID: 39463473 PMCID: PMC11512540 DOI: 10.2147/ijnrd.s476395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 10/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease, and podocytopathy is an early manifestation of DKD characterized by the urinary excretion of podocyte-specific proteins, such as nephrin and podocin. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)-a biomarker of endothelial dysfunction-is associated with progressive kidney dysfunction. However, the mechanism of endothelial dysfunction in DKD progression is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlations of ADMA levels with nephrin, podocin, and the podocin:nephrin ratio (PNR) in DKD patients. Methods A cross-sectional study of 41 DKD outpatients was performed in two hospitals in Jakarta from April-June 2023. The collected data included the subjects' characteristics, histories of disease and medication, and relevant laboratory data. Serum ADMA was measured using liquid chromatography, while urinary podocin and nephrin were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. A correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation of ADMA with nephrin, podocin, and PNR. Regression analysis was performed to determine confounding factors. Results The mean value of ADMA was 70.2 (SD 17.2) ng/mL, the median for nephrin was 65 (20-283 ng/mL), and the median of podocin was 0.505 (0.433-0.622) ng/mL. ADMA correlated significantly with nephrin (r = 0.353, p = 0.024) and PNR (r = -0.360, p = 0.021), but no correlation was found between ADMA and podocin (r = 0.133, p = 0.409). The multivariate analysis showed that body mass index was a confounding factor. Conclusion This study revealed weak positive correlations between ADMA and urinary nephrin and between ADMA and PNR. No correlation was found between ADMA and urinary podocin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pringgodigdo Nugroho
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Riahdo Juliarman Saragih
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Aida Lydia
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Muhadi Muhadi
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Harry Isbagio
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Geriatric Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hamzah Shatri
- Psychosomatic Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Carissa Cornelia Chundiawan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fidel Hermanto
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
|
14
|
Plotuna IS, Balas M, Golu I, Amzar D, Popescu R, Petrica L, Vlad A, Luches D, Vlad DC, Vlad M. The Use of Kidney Biomarkers, Nephrin and KIM-1, for the Detection of Early Glomerular and Tubular Damage in Patients with Acromegaly: A Case-Control Pilot Study. Diseases 2024; 12:211. [PMID: 39329880 PMCID: PMC11431840 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12090211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acromegaly is a rare disorder caused by excessive growth hormone (GH) secreted from a pituitary tumor. High levels of GH and insulin growth factor-1 can lead to renal hypertrophy, as well as to diabetes mellitus and hypertension, which negatively impact kidney function. It is believed that high GH may also be involved in the onset of diabetic nephropathy, the main cause of end-stage kidney disease in developed countries. MATERIAL AND METHODS This case-control study was conducted on 23 acromegalic patients and on a control group represented by 21 healthy subjects. The following parameters were determined for all the subjects: serum creatinine, serum urea, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR), nephrin and kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1). RESULTS Patients with acromegaly showed higher levels of UACR and lower levels of eGFR as compared to healthy subjects. No significant correlations were found between clinical or biochemical parameters associated with acromegaly and nephrin or KIM-1. CONCLUSIONS There was no glomerular or proximal tubular damage at the time of the study, as proven by the normal levels of the biomarkers nephrin and KIM-1. Studies including more patients with uncontrolled disease are needed to clarify the utility of nephrin and KIM-1 for the detection of early kidney involvement in acromegalic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Stefania Plotuna
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Discipline of Endocrinology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Endocrinology, County Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Melania Balas
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Discipline of Endocrinology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Endocrinology, County Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Golu
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Discipline of Endocrinology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Endocrinology, County Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daniela Amzar
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Discipline of Endocrinology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Endocrinology, County Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Popescu
- Center for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Microscopic Morphology, Discipline of Cellular and Molecular Biology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ligia Petrica
- Center for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Discipline of Nephrology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adrian Vlad
- Center for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Discipline of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, County Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daniel Luches
- Department of Sociology, Western University of Timisoara, 300223 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daliborca Cristina Vlad
- Biochemistry and Pharmacology Department, Discipline of Pharmacology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Clinical Laboratory, County Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mihaela Vlad
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Discipline of Endocrinology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Endocrinology, County Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
|
15
|
Sahare T, Sahoo BN, Jaiswal S, Rana S, Joshi A. An account of the current status of point-of-care lateral flow tests for kidney biomarker detection. Analyst 2024. [PMID: 39221602 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00806e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Globally, the primary causes of mortality and morbidity related to kidney ailments can be classified as Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Biomarker detection can have great potential to improve survival, lower mortality, and reduce the cost of treatment of kidney diseases. Considering the chronic nature of CKD, non-invasive identification and monitoring have proven to be useful. Biosensors and more specifically lateral flow test strips (LFTs) are regarded as the most desirable point-of-care instruments which have shown promise in elevating the healthcare industry to a new level. The major aspects of an ideal point-of-care (POC) lateral flow test include its cost effectiveness, high sensitivity and specificity, ease of use, quick result delivery, and quality control. This review provides a detailed account of recent developments, challenges, and opportunities in renal biomarker detection using LFTs including various approaches for sensitivity enhancement along with potential future advancements in POC and LFT kits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tileshwar Sahare
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore - 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Badri Narayana Sahoo
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore - 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Surbhi Jaiswal
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore - 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Simran Rana
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore - 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Abhijeet Joshi
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore - 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
|
16
|
Narayanaswamy R, Harika V, Prabhakaran VS. Human and Mouse Nephrin and Their Interactions With 13 Proteins: An In Silico Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e66332. [PMID: 39246878 PMCID: PMC11379415 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.66332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Human nephrin (hNeph) (podocyte protein) has been known to be involved in both the formation and maintenance of the slit diaphragm (SD) and also acts as a hub protein in the podocyte by modulating cell polarity, cell survival, cell adhesion, cytoskeletal organization, mechano-sensing, and SD turn-over. Methodology In the present investigation, we aimed to analyse the hNeph and mouse nephrin (mNeph) and their interactions with 13 proteins using the molecular docking method. The 13 selected human proteins which include matrix metalloproteinases (MMP 2 and 9), retinol-binding proteins (RBP 3 and 4), kallikrein 1 (KLK 1), uromodulin, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7), cystatin C, podocin, beta arrestin 1, vang-like protein 2 (VANGL2), dynamin 1, and tensin-like C1 domain-containing phosphatase (TENC1) were studied on the docking analysis of hNeph and mNeph by using the HDOCK (protein-protein) docking method. In addition, the physicochemical (PC) properties of 15 proteins were performed using the ProtParam web server. Results In the present investigation, five chosen human proteins, namely, IGFBP7, cystatin C, podocin, VANGL2, and TENC1, have exhibited theoretical isoelectric point (PI) values greater than 7.0. The protein-protein docking analysis has shown that hKLK and hVANGL2 exhibited the maximum docking score of -206.39 kcal/mol and -329.28 (kcal/mol) with the target proteins mNeph and hNeph, respectively. Conclusions Thus, the current finding highlights the interactions of hNeph and mNeph with 13 chosen proteins, which may help in renal disease management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radhakrishnan Narayanaswamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (Deemed to be University), Chennai, IND
| | - Vemugadda Harika
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (Deemed to be University), Chennai, IND
| | - Vasantha-Srinivasan Prabhakaran
- Department of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (Deemed to be University), Chennai, IND
| |
Collapse
|
|
17
|
Ma X, Li G, Shi Y, Shang Z. Rehmapicrogenin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced podocyte injury and kidney dysfunctions by regulating nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element signalling. Nephrology (Carlton) 2024; 29:482-494. [PMID: 38837564 DOI: 10.1111/nep.14310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis and oxidative stress in kidneys are critical players in acute kidney injury (AKI). Rehmapicrogenin, a monomeric compound extracted from Rehmanniae radix, has been found to possess nitric oxide inhibitory and anti-inflammatory activities. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the roles and mechanisms of rehmapicrogenin in AKI. METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce AKI-like conditions. Cell survival conditions were detected by cell counting kit-8 assays and flow cytometry. Several renal function markers including blood urea nitrogen, proteinuria, creatinine, and albumin were measured. Apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were examined by TUNEL and dihydroethidium staining, respectively. Haematoxylin-eosin staining and periodic acid-Schiff staining were conducted to assess histopathological changes. Gene expression was evaluated by western blotting, commercially available kits and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS For in vitro analysis, rehmapicrogenin inhibited the LPS-induced podocyte apoptosis by activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway. For in vivo analysis, rehmapicrogenin improved renal functions in LPS-induced mice. Additionally, rehmapicrogenin suppressed LPS-induced podocyte apoptosis and oxidative stress in kidney tissues. Mechanistically, rehmapicrogenin activated the Nrf2/ARE pathway in LPS-induced mice. CONCLUSION Rehmapicrogenin relieves the podocyte injury and renal dysfunctions through activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway to inhibit apoptosis and oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Ma
- Nephrology Department, Shenzhen Bao'an Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guandong Li
- Internal Medicine Department, Shenzhen Bao'an Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yufeng Shi
- Internal Medicine Department, Shenzhen Bao'an Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhitao Shang
- Internal Medicine Department, Shenzhen Bao'an Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
18
|
Giannou P, Gakiopoulou H, Stambolliu E, Petras D, Chalkia A, Kapota A, Palamaris K, Hadziyannis E, Thomas K, Alexakou Z, Bora M, Mintzias T, Vassilopoulos D, Patsouris E, Deutsch M. Urine Nephrin and Podocalyxin Reflecting Podocyte Damage and Severity of Kidney Disease in Various Glomerular Diseases-A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3432. [PMID: 38929959 PMCID: PMC11205118 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Glomerulopathy is a term used to describe a broad spectrum of renal diseases, characterized by dysfunction of glomerular filtration barrier, especially of podocytes. Several podocyte-associated proteins have been found and proved their usefulness as urine markers of podocyte dysfunction. Two of them are nephrin (NEP) and prodocalyxin (PDC). This study aims to evaluate the association of podocyte damage, as it is demonstrated via the concentrations of urinary proteins, with clinical and histological data from patients with several types of glomerulonephritis. Methods: We measured urine levels of two podocyte-specific markers, NEP and PDC (corrected for urine creatinine levels), in patients with a wide range of glomerulopathies. Serum and urine parameters as well as histological parameters from renal biopsy were recorded. Results: In total, data from 37 patients with glomerulonephritis and 5 healthy controls were analyzed. PDC and NEP concentrations correlated between them and with serum creatinine levels (p = 0.001 and p = 0.013 respectively), and with histological lesions associated with chronicity index of renal cortex, such as severe interstitial fibrosis, severe tubular atrophy and hyalinosis (for PDC/NEP, all p < 0.05). In addition, the PDC and NEP demonstrated statistically significant correlations with interstitial inflammation (p = 0.018/p = 0.028). Regarding electron microscopy evaluation, PDC levels were correlated with distinct characteristics, such as fibrils and global podocyte foot process fusion, whereas the NEP/CR ratio was uniquely significantly associated with podocyte fusion only in non-immune-complex-mediated glomerulonephritis (p = 0.02). Among the other clinical and histological parameters included in our study, a strong correlation between proteinuria >3 g/24 h and diffuse fusion of podocyte foot processes (p = 0.016) was identified. Conclusions: Podocalyxin and nephrin concentrations in urine are markers of podocyte dysfunction, and in our study, they were associated both with serum creatinine and histological chronicity indices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Giannou
- Nephrology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.S.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (A.K.); (Z.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Harikleia Gakiopoulou
- 1st Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece; (H.G.); (K.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Emelina Stambolliu
- Nephrology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.S.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (A.K.); (Z.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Dimitrios Petras
- Nephrology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.S.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (A.K.); (Z.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Aglaia Chalkia
- Nephrology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.S.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (A.K.); (Z.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Athanasia Kapota
- Nephrology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.S.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (A.K.); (Z.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Kostas Palamaris
- 1st Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece; (H.G.); (K.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Emilia Hadziyannis
- 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory, Clinical Immunology—Rheumatology Unit, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece; (E.H.); (D.V.)
| | - Konstantinos Thomas
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece;
| | - Zoe Alexakou
- Nephrology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.S.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (A.K.); (Z.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Margarita Bora
- Nephrology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.S.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (A.K.); (Z.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Theodoros Mintzias
- Athens School of Medicine, Hellenic Society of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 10445 Athens, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios Vassilopoulos
- 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory, Clinical Immunology—Rheumatology Unit, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece; (E.H.); (D.V.)
| | - Eustratios Patsouris
- 1st Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece; (H.G.); (K.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Melanie Deutsch
- 2nd Academic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| |
Collapse
|
|
19
|
Xu S, Hultström M, Larsson A, Lipcsey M, Lindskog C, Bülow S, Frithiof R, Venge P. The Human Phospholipase B-II Precursor (HPLBII-P) in Urine as a Novel Biomarker of Glomerular Activity in COVID-19 and Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2540. [PMID: 38731071 PMCID: PMC11084804 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13092540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The human phospholipase B-II precursor (HPLBII-P) was originally purified from white blood cells but is also found in other cellular structures, such as kidney glomeruli and tubuli. The objective of this report was to investigate the relationship of HPLBII-P in urine to acute kidney injury in patients with COVID-19. Methods: Urine was collected at admission from 132 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs) because of respiratory failure. HPLBII-P was measured using a sensitive ELISA. For comparison, human neutrophil lipocalin (HNL) was measured in urine, using the ELISA configured with the monoclonal antibody 763/8F, as a sign of tubular affection in addition to routine biomarkers of kidney disease. Results: Overall, the concentrations of urinary HPLBII-P were almost 3-fold higher in patients with COVID-19 compared to healthy controls (p < 0.0001) and with significantly higher concentrations even in patients with COVID-19 without signs of acute kidney injury (AKI) (p < 0.001). HPLBII-P was further increased in patients with AKI (p < 0.02). HPLBII-P was significantly increased in patients with diabetes mellitus (p = 0.0008) and correlated to plasma glucose (r = 0.29, p = 0.001) and urine albumin concentrations (r = 0.55, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Urine concentrations of HPLBII-P are highly raised in the urine of patients with COVID-19 and relate to AKI and diabetes mellitus. HPLBII-P may reflect glomerular injury and/or increased glomerular cell activity in SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengyuan Xu
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.X.); (A.L.)
- Diagnostics Development a P&M Venge Company, SE-753 12 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Hultström
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Integrative Physiology, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.L.); (S.B.); (R.F.)
| | - Anders Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.X.); (A.L.)
| | - Miklos Lipcsey
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.L.); (S.B.); (R.F.)
- Hedenstierna Laboratory, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lindskog
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University; SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Sara Bülow
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.L.); (S.B.); (R.F.)
| | - Robert Frithiof
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.L.); (S.B.); (R.F.)
| | - Per Venge
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.X.); (A.L.)
- Diagnostics Development a P&M Venge Company, SE-753 12 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
|
20
|
Al-Hussan R, Albadr NA, Alshammari GM, Almasri SA, Alfayez FF, Yahya MA. Phloretamide Protects against Diabetic Kidney Damage and Dysfunction in Diabetic Rats by Attenuating Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia, Suppressing NF-κβ, and Upregulating Nrf2. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:505. [PMID: 38675166 PMCID: PMC11053512 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Potent hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects were recently reported for the apple-derived phenolic compound phloretamide (PLTM). The renoprotective effects of this compound are yet to be shown. This study aimed to examine the potential of PLTM to prevent diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and to examine the possible mechanisms of protection. Non-diabetic and STZ-diabetic male rats were treated orally by gavage with either the vehicle or with PTLM (200 mg/kg; twice/week) for 12 weeks. PTLM significantly increased urine volume and prevented glomerular and tubular damage and vacuolization in STZ-diabetic rats. It also increased creatinine excretion and reduced urinary albumin levels and the renal levels of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and nephrin in the diabetic rats. PTLM also prevented an increase in the nuclear levels of NF-κβ, as well as the total levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), caspase-3, and Bax in the kidneys of diabetic rats. These effects were associated with reduced serum levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In both the control and diabetic rats, PTLM significantly reduced fasting plasma glucose and enhanced the renal mRNA and cytoplasmic levels of Nrf2, as well as the levels of Bcl2, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH). However, PTLM failed to alter the cytoplasmic levels of keap1 in diabetic rats. In conclusion, PTLM prevents renal damage and dysfunction in STZ-diabetic rats through its hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities, as well as through its antioxidant potential, which is mediated by activating the Nrf2/antioxidant axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Al-Hussan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal A Albadr
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghedeir M Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soheir A Almasri
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farah Fayez Alfayez
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abdo Yahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
|
21
|
Garcia NA, Gonzalez-King H, Mellergaard M, Nair S, Salomon C, Handberg A. Comprehensive strategy for identifying extracellular vesicle surface proteins as biomarkers for chronic kidney disease. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1328362. [PMID: 38379702 PMCID: PMC10877036 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1328362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a significant health burden worldwide. Especially, obesity-induced chronic kidney disease (OCKD) is associated with a lack of accuracy in disease diagnostic methods. The identification of reliable biomarkers for the early diagnosis and monitoring of CKD and OCKD is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as potential biomarkers in the context of CKD. In this review, we focused on the role of EVs as potential biomarkers in CKD and OCKD and developed a comprehensive list of EV membrane proteins that could aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. To assemble our list, we employed a multi-step strategy. Initially, we conducted a thorough review of the literature on EV protein biomarkers in kidney diseases. Additionally, we explored papers investigating circulating proteins as biomarkers in kidney diseases. To further refine our list, we utilized the EV database Vesiclepedia.org to evaluate the qualifications of each identified protein. Furthermore, we consulted the Human Protein Atlas to assess the localization of these candidates, with a particular focus on membrane proteins. By integrating the information from the reviewed literature, Vesiclepedia.org, and the Human Protein Atlas, we compiled a comprehensive list of potential EV membrane protein biomarkers for CKD and OCKD. Overall, our review underscores the potential of EVs as biomarkers in the field of CKD research, providing a foundation for future studies aimed at improving CKD and OCKD diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hernan Gonzalez-King
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maiken Mellergaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Soumyalekshmi Nair
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Aase Handberg
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
|
22
|
Avendanha RA, Campos GFC, Branco BC, Ishii NC, Gomes LHN, de Castro AJ, Leal CRV, Simões E Silva AC. Potential urinary biomarkers in preeclampsia: a narrative review. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:172. [PMID: 38252179 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09053-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia (PE) is a highly relevant pregnancy-related disorder. An early and accurate diagnosis is crucial to prevent major maternal and neonatal complications and mortality. Due to the association of kidney dysfunction with the pathophysiology of the disease, urine samples have the potential to provide biomarkers for PE prediction, being minimally invasive and easy to perform. Therefore, searching for novel biomarkers may improve outcomes. This narrative review aimed to summarize the scientific literature about the traditional and potential urinary biomarkers in PE and to investigate their applicability to screen and diagnose the disorder. METHODS A non-systematic search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and SciELO databases. RESULTS There is significant divergence in the literature regarding traditionally used serum markers creatinine, cystatin C, and albuminuria, accuracy in PE prediction. As for the potential renal biomarkers investigated, including vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PlGF), and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase (sFlt-1), urinary levels of PlGF and sFtl-1/PlGF ratio in urine seem to be the most promising as screening tests. The assessment of the global load of misfolded proteins through urinary congophilia, podocyturia, and nephrinuria has also shown potential for screening and diagnosis. Studies regarding the use of proteomics and metabolomics have shown good accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for predicting the development and severity of PE. CONCLUSION However, there are still many divergences in the literature, which requires future and more conclusive research to confirm the predictive role of urinary biomarkers in pregnant women with PE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Araujo Avendanha
- Liga Acadêmica de Pesquisa Científica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Beatriz Castello Branco
- Liga Acadêmica de Pesquisa Científica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Nicolle Coimbra Ishii
- Liga Acadêmica de Pesquisa Científica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Nacife Gomes
- Liga Acadêmica de Pesquisa Científica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ailton José de Castro
- Liga Acadêmica de Pesquisa Científica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Caio Ribeiro Vieira Leal
- Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões E Silva
- Liga Acadêmica de Pesquisa Científica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
- Faculdade de Medicina, UFMG, Avenida Alfredo Balena, 190, 2o andar, sala 281. Bairro Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, CEP 30130-100, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
|
23
|
Mesfine BB, Vojisavljevic D, Kapoor R, Watson D, Kandasamy Y, Rudd D. Urinary nephrin-a potential marker of early glomerular injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nephrol 2024; 37:39-51. [PMID: 36808610 PMCID: PMC10920435 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-023-01585-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both early recognition of glomerular injury and diagnosis of renal injury remain important problems in clinical settings, and current diagnostic biomarkers have limitations. The aim of this review was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of urinary nephrin for detecting early glomerular injury. METHODS A search was conducted through electronic databases for all relevant studies published until January 31, 2022. The methodological quality was evaluated using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and other estimates of diagnostic accuracy were determined using a random effect model. The Summary Receiver Operating Characteristics (SROC) was used to pool the data and to estimate the area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS The meta-analysis included 15 studies involving 1587 participants. Overall, the pooled sensitivity of urinary nephrin for detecting glomerular injury was 0.86 (95% CI 0.83-0.89) and specificity was 0.73 (95% CI 0.70-0.76). The AUC-SROC to summarise the diagnostic accuracy was 0.90. As a predictor of preeclampsia, urinary nephrin showed a sensitivity of 0.78 (95% CI 0.71-0.84) and specificity of 0.79 (95% CI 0.75-0.82), and as a predictor of nephropathy the sensitivity was 0.90 (95% CI 0.87-0.93), and specificity was 0.62 (95% CI 0.56-0.67). A subgroup analysis using ELISA as a method of diagnosis showed a sensitivity of 0.89 (95% CI 0.86-0.92), and a specificity of 0.72 (95% CI 0.69-0.75). CONCLUSION Urinary nephrin may be a promising marker for the detection of early glomerular injury. ELISA assays appear to provide reasonable sensitivity and specificity. Once translated into clinical practice, urinary nephrin could provide an important addition to a panel of novel markers to help in the detection of acute and chronic renal injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belete Biadgo Mesfine
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Science, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Douglas, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Danica Vojisavljevic
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Science, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Douglas, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Ranjna Kapoor
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Science, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Douglas, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - David Watson
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Australia
| | - Yogavijayan Kandasamy
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Science, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Douglas, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
- Townsville University Hospital, 100 Angus Smith Dr, Douglas, QLD, 4814, Australia
| | - Donna Rudd
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Science, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Douglas, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
|
24
|
Kostovska I, Tosheska Trajkovska K, Labudović D, Kostovski O. URINARY NEPHRIN AS AN EARLY BIOMARKER OF HYPERTENSIVE NEPHROPATHY. Acta Clin Croat 2023; 62:635-643. [PMID: 39866768 PMCID: PMC11759126 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2023.62.04.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive nephropathy (HN) is characterized by kidney damage due to chronic high blood pressure. Podocytes play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of HN, thus, nephrin could be important in the early diagnosis of HN. The aim of the study was to investigate the association of urinary nephrin (u-nephrin) levels with clinical and laboratory characteristics in patients with HN and to test diagnostic relevance of u-nephrin as an early biomarker of HN. In this cross-sectional study, 114 subjects were recruited, 84 patients with chronic hypertension (CH) and 30 healthy controls. All patients with CH were classified according to the urinary microalbumin/creatinine ratio (UM/CR) and according to the chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage. Urine samples were collected to estimate the u-nephrin level by ELISA and to determine UM/CR. Blood samples were used for biochemical analyses. We found elevated u-nephrin in 78.3% of normoalbuminuric subjects with CH. The levels of u-nephrin increased gradually with the stage of CKD. ROC curve plotted for u-nephrin showed 89.7% sensitivity and 88.8% specificity, while UM/CR showed a sensitivity of 44.8% and specificity of 86.1% to detect HN in the early stage. It is concluded that u-nephrin can be useful as an early biomarker of HN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irena Kostovska
- Department of Medical and Experimental Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Katerina Tosheska Trajkovska
- Department of Medical and Experimental Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Danica Labudović
- Department of Medical and Experimental Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Ognen Kostovski
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| |
Collapse
|
|
25
|
Oluwole AA, Fasesin TT, Okunowo A, Olorunfemi G, Okunade KS. Urinary Nephrin Levels Among Pregnant Women With Preeclampsia in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e49472. [PMID: 38152794 PMCID: PMC10751733 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy are one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. The clinical utility of urinary nephrin as a diagnostic biomarker of preeclampsia is currently of research interest. However, this is yet to gain significant traction within clinical settings. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the association between maternal urinary nephrin levels and the occurrence and severity of preeclampsia among pregnant women in Lagos, Nigeria. DESIGN We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study involving pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia as well as their age- and gestational-age-matched normotensive counterparts. We tested the association between high maternal urinary nephrin levels and the occurrence of preeclampsia without and with severe features. P < 0.05 was reported as statistically significant. RESULTS The study showed that for every unit increase in urinary nephrin levels, the odds of preeclampsia increased by about ninefold (adjusted Odds ratio = 8.9, 95% confidence interval: 2.8-29.2, P < 0.001). The levels of urinary nephrin increased steadily with increasing severity of the disease: 1.9 ± 0.8 ng/mL in preeclampsia without severe features, 2.7 ± 0.7 ng/mL in preeclampsia with at least one severe feature, and 3.3 ±1.1 ng/mL in eclampsia. CONCLUSION There was an association between elevated levels of urinary nephrin and preeclampsia and its severe variant. However, there is a need for more robust studies with a longitudinal characterization of urinary nephrin levels to establish causal relationships with preeclampsia, explore other potential risk factors of preeclampsia, and define the clinical usefulness of urinary nephrin as a potentially reliable and accurate predictive marker of preeclampsia among women in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji A Oluwole
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, NGA
| | - Tolulope T Fasesin
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, NGA
| | - Adeyemi Okunowo
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, NGA
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, NGA
| | - Gbenga Olorunfemi
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, NGA
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, ZAF
| | - Kehinde S Okunade
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, NGA
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, NGA
| |
Collapse
|
|
26
|
Feng Y, Jia L, Ma W, Tian C, Du H. Iron Chelator Deferoxamine Alleviates Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy by Relieving Inflammation and Fibrosis in Rats. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1266. [PMID: 37627331 PMCID: PMC10452339 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most devastating diabetic microvascular complications. It has previously been observed that iron metabolism levels are abnormal in diabetic patients. However, the mechanism by which iron metabolism levels affect DN is poorly understood. This study was designed to evaluate the role of iron-chelator deferoxamine (DFO) in the improvement of DN. Here, we established a DN rat model induced by diets high in carbohydrates and fat and streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Our data demonstrated that DFO treatment for three weeks greatly attenuated renal dysfunction as evidenced by decreased levels of urinary albumin, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine, which were elevated in DN rats. Histopathological observations showed that DFO treatment improved the renal structures of DN rats and preserved podocyte integrity by preventing the decrease of transcripts of nephrin and podocin. In addition, DFO treatment reduced the overexpression of fibronectin 1, collagen I, IL-1β, NF-κB, and MCP-1 in DN rats, as well as inflammatory cell infiltrates and collagenous fibrosis. Taken together, our findings unveiled that iron chelation via DFO injection had a protective impact on DN by alleviating inflammation and fibrosis, and that it could be a potential therapeutic strategy for DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Feng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China;
| | - Li Jia
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wan Ma
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chenying Tian
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huahua Du
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
27
|
Grubczak K, Starosz A, Makowska B, Parfienowicz Z, Krętowska M, Naumnik B, Moniuszko M. The influence of calcitriol and methylprednisolone on podocytes function in minimal change disease in vitro model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12731. [PMID: 37543700 PMCID: PMC10404287 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39893-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Minimal change disease (MCD), considered one of the major causes of nephrotic syndrome, is a complex pathological condition with disturbances in podocytes' foot processes. Numerous studies suggested the essential role of vitamin D3 in maintaining proper glomerulus function. However, the data on direct potential of that compound in reference to podocytes are scarce. Thus, here we assessed the influence of calcitriol (active vitamin D3) on podocyte function, apart from commonly used steroids (methylprednisolone). CIHP-1 podocyte cell line was used to implement the LPS-PAN-induced MCD in vitro model. Viability, podocyte-related slit diaphragm proteins, morphology, function as a barrier was evaluated using flow cytometry, RT-PCR, confocal microscopy, and TEER analysis. Calcitriol or methylprednisolone did not affect cell viability. Podocyte-related proteins demonstrated different responses to in vitro treatment compared to previously reported changes in total glomeruli. Podocyte morphology was partially restored in the presence of the tested compounds. In addition, TEER analysis revealed improvement of LPS-PAN-induced cells' function as a barrier when vitamin D3 or steroid was used. In conclusion, a significant potential for modulation of MCD in vitro model podocytes with calcitriol or selected steroids was reported. Further studies on vitamin D3 in context of podocyte-related phenomenon accompanying MCD are of great importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Grubczak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Białystok, Jerzego Waszyngtona 13, 15-269, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Starosz
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Białystok, Jerzego Waszyngtona 13, 15-269, Białystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Makowska
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Białystok, Jerzego Waszyngtona 13, 15-269, Białystok, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Parfienowicz
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Białystok, Jerzego Waszyngtona 13, 15-269, Białystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Krętowska
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Białystok, Jerzego Waszyngtona 13, 15-269, Białystok, Poland
| | - Beata Naumnik
- Ist Department of Nephrology and Transplantation with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, Żurawia 14, 15-540, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Marcin Moniuszko
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Białystok, Jerzego Waszyngtona 13, 15-269, Białystok, Poland
- Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Białystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
|
28
|
Huang SUS, Kulatunge O, O'Sullivan KM. Deciphering the Genetic Code of Autoimmune Kidney Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051028. [PMID: 37239388 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune kidney diseases occur due to the loss of tolerance to self-antigens, resulting in inflammation and pathological damage to the kidneys. This review focuses on the known genetic associations of the major autoimmune kidney diseases that result in the development of glomerulonephritis: lupus nephritis (LN), anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic associated vasculitis (AAV), anti-glomerular basement disease (also known as Goodpasture's disease), IgA nephropathy (IgAN), and membranous nephritis (MN). Genetic associations with an increased risk of disease are not only associated with polymorphisms in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) II region, which governs underlying processes in the development of autoimmunity, but are also associated with genes regulating inflammation, such as NFkB, IRF4, and FC γ receptors (FCGR). Critical genome-wide association studies are discussed both to reveal similarities in gene polymorphisms between autoimmune kidney diseases and to explicate differential risks in different ethnicities. Lastly, we review the role of neutrophil extracellular traps, critical inducers of inflammation in LN, AAV, and anti-GBM disease, where inefficient clearance due to polymorphisms in DNase I and genes that regulate neutrophil extracellular trap production are associated with autoimmune kidney diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie U-Shane Huang
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Oneli Kulatunge
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Kim Maree O'Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
|
29
|
Zhao L, Han S, Chai C. Huangkui capsule alleviates doxorubicin-induced proteinuria via protecting against podocyte damage and inhibiting JAK/STAT signaling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 306:116150. [PMID: 36608778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Huangkui capsule (HKC), a Chinese patent medicine, has been widely used in China as adjuvant therapy for chronic kidney disease (CKD). It displays superior anti-proteinuria efficacy than losartan in patients with CKD at stages 1-2, however, the mechanism of HKC alleviating proteinuria has not been well elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to confirm the therapeutic effect and investigate associated underlying mechanism of HKC against proteinuria by in vivo and in vitro experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS We established a doxorubicin (DOX) induced proteinuria mouse model to evaluate kidney function by biochemical markers measurement and to observe histopathological alterations by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson's trichrome and Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS)-stained sections of renal, respectively. Moreover, the expressions of Nephrin and Podocin were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blotting analysis to investigate podocyte damage. Furthermore, we established Mouse Podocyte Clone-5 (MPC-5) injury model to identify the active components of HKC against podocyte damage by detecting the expressions of Nephrin, Podocin, and ZO-1 proteins. At last, the key protein levels of Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway were assessed by western blotting analysis to explore the underlying mechanism of HKC against proteinuria. RESULTS Our results showed that HKC administration for three consecutive weeks dose-dependently ameliorated both renal function and histopathological damages, elevated the expressions of Nephrin and Podocin, the pivotal molecules maintaining filtration function of the podocyte, indicating the promising protective effect against podocyte injury under DOX exposure. Consistently, in vitro experiments showed HKC administration effectively reversed the abnormal expressions of Nephrin and Podocin in MPC-5 cells treated with DOX, suggesting its protective effect against podocyte injury to maintain filtration barrier integrity. In addition, Hibifolin was identified as the most active ingredients in HKC, which suppressed upstream JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/Akt pathway phosphorylation to maintain the structural and functional integrity of podocyte filtration barrier. Of note, AG490, a selective JAK2 inhibitor, was used to further affirm the role of Hibifolin involving in regulation JAK2/STAT3. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that HKC may protect podocytes via JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/Akt pathway to display its effects of ameliorating proteinuria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Siyuan Han
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Chengzhi Chai
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
30
|
Putra IMWA, Fakhrudin N, Nurrochmad A, Wahyuono S. A Review of Medicinal Plants with Renoprotective Activity in Diabetic Nephropathy Animal Models. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:560. [PMID: 36836916 PMCID: PMC9963806 DOI: 10.3390/life13020560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), also recognized as diabetic kidney disease, is a kidney malfunction caused by diabetes mellitus. A possible contributing factor to the onset of DN is hyperglycemia. Poorly regulated hyperglycemia can damage blood vessel clusters in the kidneys, leading to kidney damage. Its treatment is difficult and expensive because its causes are extremely complex and poorly understood. Extracts from medicinal plants can be an alternative treatment for DN. The bioactive content in medicinal plants inhibits the progression of DN. This work explores the renoprotective activity and possible mechanisms of various medicinal plant extracts administered to diabetic animal models. Research articles published from 2011 to 2022 were gathered from several databases including PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect to ensure up-to-date findings. Results showed that medicinal plant extracts ameliorated the progression of DN via the reduction in oxidative stress and suppression of inflammation, advanced glycation end-product formation, cell apoptosis, and tissue injury-related protein expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Made Wisnu Adhi Putra
- Department of Biology, University of Dhyana Pura, Badung 80351, Indonesia
- Doctorate Program of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Nanang Fakhrudin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Arief Nurrochmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Subagus Wahyuono
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
|
31
|
Proficient Novel Biomarkers Guide Early Detection of Acute Kidney Injury: A Review. Diseases 2022; 11:diseases11010008. [PMID: 36648873 PMCID: PMC9844481 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The definition of acute kidney injury (AKI), despite improvements in criteria, continues to be based on the level of serum creatinine and urinary output that do not specifically indicate tubular function or injury, or glomerular function or injury that is not significant enough to warrant acute hospitalization of the patient. Finding novel biomarkers of AKI has become a major focus nowadays in nephrology to overcome the further complications of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Many compounds, such as KIM 1, IL 18, NGAL, uromodulin, calprotectin, vanin 1, galactin 3, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), urinary Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3), retinol binding protein (RBP) and Cystatin C, are released from the renal tubules and thus any alterations in tubular function can be detected by measuring these parameters in urine. Additionally, glomerular injury can be detected by measuring immunoglobulin G, nephrin, podocalyxin, podocin, transferrin, netrin-1, pyruvate kinase M2, etc. in urine. These novel biomarkers will be useful for timing the initial insult and assessing the duration of AKI. According to available research, these biomarkers could be applied to assess the onset of AKI, distinguishing between kidney injury and dysfunction, directing the management of AKI, and enhancing disease diagnosis. Therefore, we intend to present recent developments in our understanding of significant biomarkers implicated in various aspects of renal damage. Numerous biomarkers are implicated in various pathophysiological processes that follow renal injury, and can improve prognosis and risk classification.
Collapse
|
|
32
|
Araújo Galdino O, de Souza Gomes I, Ferreira de Almeida Júnior R, Conceição Ferreira de Carvalho MI, Abreu BJ, Abbott Galvão Ururahy M, Cabral B, Zucolotto Langassner SM, Costa de Souza KS, Augusto de Rezende A. The nephroprotective action of Passiflora edulis in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17546. [PMID: 36266308 PMCID: PMC9584925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21826-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Passiflora edulis fruit peel aqueous (AFA) extract as an adjuvant to insulin to confer nephroprotection against streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups based on treatment received for 60 days: diabetic (DB), control (CTL), insulin (INS), and insulin + AFA extract (INS + AFA). mRNA and protein expression levels of podocyte (nephrin, podocin, and WT1) and tubular (megalin) proteins were measured in kidney tissue specimens and urine. Biochemical parameters and kidney histopathology were also examined. Herein, the INS + AFA group showed superior glycemic control, which resulted in the reduction of urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, maintenance of baseline levels of Nphs1, Nphs2, Wt1, and Lrp2 mRNA expression, prevention of protein loss from the kidney tissue into the urinary space, along with the maintenance of glomerular basement membrane thickness, hyalinization, glomerular and tubulointerstitial fibrosis at values approximating those of the CTL group and significantly lower than those in the DB group. Therefore, these results suggest that, as an anti-diabetic agent, the AFA extract adjuvant to insulin could reduce and potentially prevent diabetic kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ony Araújo Galdino
- grid.411233.60000 0000 9687 399XDepartment of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Faculty of Pharmacy, Petrópolis, Natal, RN CEP: 59012-570 Brazil
| | - Iago de Souza Gomes
- grid.411233.60000 0000 9687 399XDepartment of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Faculty of Pharmacy, Petrópolis, Natal, RN CEP: 59012-570 Brazil
| | - Renato Ferreira de Almeida Júnior
- grid.411233.60000 0000 9687 399XDepartment of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Faculty of Pharmacy, Petrópolis, Natal, RN CEP: 59012-570 Brazil
| | - Maria Imaculada Conceição Ferreira de Carvalho
- grid.411233.60000 0000 9687 399XDepartment of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Faculty of Pharmacy, Petrópolis, Natal, RN CEP: 59012-570 Brazil
| | - Bento João Abreu
- grid.411233.60000 0000 9687 399XDepartment of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN Brazil
| | - Marcela Abbott Galvão Ururahy
- grid.411233.60000 0000 9687 399XDepartment of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Faculty of Pharmacy, Petrópolis, Natal, RN CEP: 59012-570 Brazil
| | - Barbara Cabral
- grid.411233.60000 0000 9687 399XDepartment of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN Brazil
| | | | - Karla Simone Costa de Souza
- grid.411233.60000 0000 9687 399XDepartment of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Faculty of Pharmacy, Petrópolis, Natal, RN CEP: 59012-570 Brazil
| | - Adriana Augusto de Rezende
- grid.411233.60000 0000 9687 399XDepartment of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Faculty of Pharmacy, Petrópolis, Natal, RN CEP: 59012-570 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
|
33
|
Almutlaq RN, Newell-Fugate AE, Evans LC, Fatima H, Gohar EY. Aromatase inhibition increases blood pressure and markers of renal injury in female rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 323:F349-F360. [PMID: 35900340 PMCID: PMC9423724 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00055.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatase is a monooxygenase that catalyzes the rate-limiting step of estrogen biosynthesis from androgens. Aromatase inhibitors are widely used for the treatment of patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. However, the effects of aromatase inhibitors on cardiovascular and renal health in females are understudied. Given that estrogen is protective against cardiovascular and kidney diseases, we hypothesized that aromatase inhibition elevates blood pressure and induces kidney injury in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Twelve-week-old female rats were implanted with radiotelemetry transmitters to continuously monitor blood pressure. After baseline blood pressure recording, rats were randomly assigned to treatment with the aromatase inhibitor anastrozole (ASZ) or vehicle (Veh) in drinking water. Twenty days after treatment initiation, rats were shifted from a normal-salt (NS) diet to a high-salt (HS) diet for an additional 40 days. Rats were euthanized 60 days after treatment initiation. Body weight increased in both groups over the study period, but the increase was greater in the ASZ-treated group than in the Veh-treated group. Mean arterial pressure increased in ASZ-treated rats during the NS and HS diet phases but remained unchanged in Veh-treated rats. In addition, urinary excretion of albumin and kidney injury marker-1 and plasma urea were increased in response to aromatase inhibition. Furthermore, histological assessment revealed that ASZ treatment increased morphological evidence of renal tubular injury and proximal tubular brush border loss. In conclusion, chronic aromatase inhibition in vivo with ASZ increases blood pressure and markers of renal proximal tubular injury in female Sprague-Dawley rats, suggesting an important role for aromatization in the maintenance cardiovascular and renal health in females.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Aromatase enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting step in estrogen biosynthesis. Aromatase inhibitors are clinically used for the treatment of patients with breast cancer; however, the impact of inhibiting aromatization on blood pressure and renal function is incompletely understood. The present findings demonstrate that systemic anastrozole treatment increases blood pressure and renal tubular injury markers in female rats fed a high-salt diet, suggesting an important role for aromatization in preserving cardiovascular and renal health in females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rawan N Almutlaq
- Cardiorenal Physiology and Medicine Section, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Annie E Newell-Fugate
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Louise C Evans
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Huma Fatima
- Division of Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Eman Y Gohar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
|
34
|
Devanath A, Jayakumari S., Seena Sankar, Shubha N. Prakash. Nephrin a biomarker of early glomerular injury in newly diagnosed untreated hypertensive subjects. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2022. [DOI: 10.51248/.v42i3.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and Aim: Hypertension and proteinuria is known to cause renal and cardiovascular disease and mortality in patients irrespective of diabetes. It is beneficial to identify proteinuria and probable glomerular injury early to take preventive measures from cardiovascular event. In our study, we aimed to evaluate whether a biomarker such as nephrin can detect early glomerular injury in treatment naïve hypertensive subjects.
Materials and Methods: Forty newly diagnosed, treatment naïve hypertensive subjects were recruited for the study along with 40 normotensive controls after obtaining informed consent and procuring approval from. Institutional Ethics Committee. The hypertensive group was classified as diabetic and non-diabetic hypertensives and compared with apparently healthy controls (normotensive). Urine sample was analyzed for microalbumin, creatinine and nephrin. Blood sample was analyzed for glycated hemoglobin, urea, creatinine, sodium, and potassium. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA to compare the groups for various parameters. Odds ratio was calculated.
Results: Hypertensives were sub-grouped based on amount of microalbumin excreted. Urine nephrin excretion was significantly higher in hypertensive subjects than normotensive subjects (nephrin cut-off: 0.09 mg/g of creatinine). Urine nephrin (mg/g) was found to be elevated (median 0.15; interquartile range, 0.12 and 0.17) in hypertensives with normoalbuminuria and it was significantly higher than normotensive subjects (median 0.07; interquartile range, 0.04 and 0.09).
Conclusion: Urine nephrin may be used as a biomarker of early glomerular injury in hypertensive subjects even before microalbuminuria is detected.
Collapse
|
|
35
|
Kostovska I, Trajkovska KT, Topuzovska S, Cekovska S, Labudovic D, Kostovski O, Spasovski G. Nephrinuria and podocytopathies. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 108:1-36. [PMID: 35659057 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of nephrin in 1998 has launched a new era in glomerular diseases research, emphasizing its crucial role in the structure and function of the glomerular filtration barrier. In the past 20 years, substantial advances have been made in understanding podocyte structure and function as well as the discovery of several podocyte-related proteins including nephrin. The glomerular filtration barrier is comprised of podocytes, the glomerular basement membrane and endothelial cells. Podocytes, with their specialized slit diaphragm, form the essential backbone of the glomerular filtration barrier. Nephrin is a crucial structural and functional feature of the slit diaphragm that prevents plasma protein, blood cell and macromolecule leakage into the urine. Podocyte damage results in nephrin release. Podocytopathies are kidney diseases in which podocyte damage drives proteinuria, i.e., nephrotic syndrome. Many kidney diseases involve podocytopathy including congenital nephrotic syndrome of Finnish type, diffuse mesangial sclerosis, minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, collapsing glomerulonephropathy, diabetic nephropathy, lupus nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy and preeclampsia. Recently, urinary nephrin measurement has become important in the early detection of podocytopathies. In this chapter, we elaborate the main structural and functional features of nephrin as a podocyte-specific protein, pathomechanisms of podocytopathies which result in nephrinuria, highlight the most commonly used methods for detecting urinary nephrin and investigate the diagnostic, prognostic and potential therapeutic relevance of urinary nephrin in primary and secondary proteinuric kidney diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irena Kostovska
- Department of Medical and Experimental Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia.
| | - Katerina Tosheska Trajkovska
- Department of Medical and Experimental Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Sonja Topuzovska
- Department of Medical and Experimental Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Svetlana Cekovska
- Department of Medical and Experimental Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Danica Labudovic
- Department of Medical and Experimental Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Ognen Kostovski
- University Clinic of Abdominal Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Goce Spasovski
- University Clinic of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| |
Collapse
|
|
36
|
Menon R, Otto EA, Berthier CC, Nair V, Farkash EA, Hodgin JB, Yang Y, Luo J, Woodside KJ, Zamani H, Norman SP, Wiggins RC, Kretzler M, Naik AS. Glomerular endothelial cell-podocyte stresses and crosstalk in structurally normal kidney transplants. Kidney Int 2022; 101:779-792. [PMID: 34952098 PMCID: PMC9067613 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increased podocyte detachment begins immediately after kidney transplantation and is associated with long-term allograft failure. We hypothesized that cell-specific transcriptional changes in podocytes and glomerular endothelial cells after transplantation would offer mechanistic insights into the podocyte detachment process. To test this, we evaluated cell-specific transcriptional profiles of glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes from 14 patients of their first-year surveillance biopsies with normal histology from low immune risk recipients with no post-transplant complications and compared these to biopsies of 20 healthy living donor controls. Glomerular endothelial cells from these surveillance biopsies were enriched for genes related to fluid shear stress, angiogenesis, and interferon signaling. In podocytes, pathways were enriched for genes in response to growth factor signaling and actin cytoskeletal reorganization but also showed evidence of podocyte stress as indicated by reduced nephrin (adhesion protein) gene expression. In parallel, transcripts coding for proteins required to maintain podocyte adherence to the underlying glomerular basement membrane were downregulated, including the major glomerular podocyte integrin α3 and the actin cytoskeleton-related gene synaptopodin. The reduction in integrin α3 protein expression in surveillance biopsies was confirmed by immunoperoxidase staining. The combined growth and stress response of patient allografts post-transplantation paralleled similar changes in a rodent model of nephrectomy-induced glomerular hypertrophic stress that progress to develop proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis with shortened kidney life span. Thus, even among patients with apparently healthy allografts with no detectable histologic abnormality including alloimmune injury, transcriptomic changes reflecting cell stresses are already set in motion that could drive hypertrophy-associated glomerular disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajasree Menon
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| | - Edgar A Otto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Celine C Berthier
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Viji Nair
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Evan A Farkash
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Hodgin
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yingbao Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jinghui Luo
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kenneth J Woodside
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Haniyeh Zamani
- School of Arts and Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Silas P Norman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Roger C Wiggins
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Abhijit S Naik
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
|
37
|
Mizdrak M, Kumrić M, Kurir TT, Božić J. Emerging Biomarkers for Early Detection of Chronic Kidney Disease. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12040548. [PMID: 35455664 PMCID: PMC9025702 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12040548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major and serious global health problem that leads to kidney damage as well as multiple systemic diseases. Early diagnosis and treatment are two major measures to prevent further deterioration of kidney function and to delay adverse outcomes. However, the paucity of early, predictive and noninvasive biomarkers has undermined our ability to promptly detect and treat this common clinical condition which affects more than 10% of the population worldwide. Despite all limitations, kidney function is still measured by serum creatinine, cystatin C, and albuminuria, as well as estimating glomerular filtration rate using different equations. This review aims to provide comprehensive insight into diagnostic methods available for early detection of CKD. In the review, we discuss the following topics: (i) markers of glomerular injury; (ii) markers of tubulointerstitial injury; (iii) the role of omics; (iv) the role of microbiota; (v) and finally, the role of microRNA in the early detection of CKD. Despite all novel findings, none of these biomarkers have met the criteria of an ideal early marker. Since the central role in CKD progression is the proximal tubule (PT), most data from the literature have analyzed biomarkers of PT injury, such as KIM-1 (kidney injury molecule-1), NGAL (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin), and L-FABP (liver fatty acid-binding protein).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Mizdrak
- Department of Nephrology and Hemodialysis, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.K.); (T.T.K.)
| | - Marko Kumrić
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.K.); (T.T.K.)
| | - Tina Tičinović Kurir
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.K.); (T.T.K.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Joško Božić
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.K.); (T.T.K.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
|
38
|
Alhusaini AM, Fadda LM, Alanazi AM, Sarawi WS, Alomar HA, Ali HM, Hasan IH, Ali RA. Nano-Resveratrol: A Promising Candidate for the Treatment of Renal Toxicity Induced by Doxorubicin in Rats Through Modulation of Beclin-1 and mTOR. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:826908. [PMID: 35281939 PMCID: PMC8913579 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.826908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although doxorubicin (DXR) is one of the most used anticancer drugs, it can cause life-threatening renal damage. There has been no effective treatment for DXR-induced renal damage until now. Aim: This work aims at examining the potential impact of nano-resveratrol (N-Resv), native resveratrol (Resv), and their combination with carvedilol (Card) against DXR-induced renal toxicity in rats and to investigate the mechanisms through which these antioxidants act to ameliorate DXR nephrotoxicity. Method: DXR was administered to rats (2 mg/kg, i.p.) twice weekly over 5 weeks. The antioxidants in question were taken 1 week before the DXR dose for 6 weeks. Results: DXR exhibited an elevation in serum urea, creatinine, renal lipid peroxide levels, endoglin expression, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and beclin-1. On the other hand, renal podocin and mTOR expression and GSH levels were declined. In addition, DNA fragmentation was markedly increased in the DXR-administered group. Treatment with either Resv or N-Resv alone or in combination with Card ameliorated the previously measured parameters. Conclusion: N-Resv showed superior effectiveness relative to Resv in most of the measured parameters. Histopathological examination revealed amelioration of renal structural and cellular changes after DXR by Card and N-Resv, thus validating the previous biochemical and molecular results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam M. Alhusaini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Ahlam M. Alhusaini,
| | - Laila M. Fadda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wedad S. Sarawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatun A. Alomar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanaa M. Ali
- Genetics and Cytology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iman H. Hasan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab Ahmed Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
|
39
|
Zhang F, Liu J, Yu J, Sun W, Wang Y, Fan T, Sun Y, Han X. Effect of Nephropathy Prescription I on the Expression of Angptl3 and Podocyte-Associated Protein in Mice with Adriamycin-Induced Nephropathy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:9921679. [PMID: 38149181 PMCID: PMC10751164 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9921679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of Nephropathy Prescription I on the expression of angptl3, nephrin, and podocin, in addition to its protective effects on podocytes in mice with adriamycin-induced nephropathy. Methods BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the control (C), adriamycin (Model or M), adriamycin + Nephropathy Prescription I (M + Z), adriamycin + prednisone acetate (M + S), and adriamycin + Nephropathy Prescription I + prednisone acetate groups (M + Z + S). All mice except those in the C group in the experimental groups were treated with a single tail vein injection of adriamycin. The urine albumin-creatinine ratio was measured before model establishment and on the 7th day, 14th day, 21st day, and 28th day of doxorubicin injection. All the mice were sacrificed on the 29th day. Blood samples were collected to observe biochemical indicators in the serum. The morphological structure and podocyte ultrastructure in the kidney were observed using light and electron microscopy, respectively. The expression of angptl3, nephrin, and podocin at the mRNA and protein levels was detected by real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. Results Following modeling with adriamycin, albuminuria was observed in urine samples in the first week, and the urinary protein/creatinine ratio increased maximally in the fourth week in the M group (P < 0.05). In contrast, the urinary protein/creatinine ratio significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the third week in the (M + Z) group compared to that in the M group. Similarly, this ratio decreased in the (M + S) and (M + Z + S) groups compared to that in the M group throughout the experiment. Compared with the C group, serum albumin content and the expression of nephrin and podocin decreased (P < 0.05), whereas blood lipid level and the expression of angptl3 increased (P < 0.05) in the M group. Glomerular foot process fusion was observed in this group using electron microscopy. In all the intervention groups, serum albumin content and the expression of nephrin and podocin increased (P < 0.05), whereas blood lipid level and the expression of angptl3 decreased (P < 0.05), with alleviated glomerular foot process injury observed particularly in the (M + Z + S) group. Conclusion The Nephropathy Prescription I can alleviate albuminuria, increase serum albumin levels, lower blood lipid levels, and reduce the fusion of foot processes of podocytes in mice with adriamycin-induced nephropathy. The protective effects of the Nephropathy Prescription I may function by reducing Angptl3 expression and increasing nephrin and podocin expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Zhang
- Children's Hosptial of Fudan University Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Junchao Liu
- Children's Hosptial of Fudan University Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Children's Hosptial of Fudan University Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Children's Hosptial of Fudan University Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- Children's Hosptial of Fudan University Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Teng Fan
- Children's Hosptial of Fudan University Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Children's Hosptial of Fudan University Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Xinghui Han
- Children's Hosptial of Fudan University Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201102, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
40
|
Surya M, Rajappa M, M V. Utility of Urinary Nephrin in Patients With and Without Diabetic Nephropathy and Its Correlation With Albuminuria. Cureus 2022; 13:e20102. [PMID: 34993041 PMCID: PMC8720236 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nephrin is a podocyte-specific protein that may serve as a urinary biomarker in patients with diabetic nephropathy. The objectives of the study were to determine urinary nephrin levels in patients with and without type 2 diabetic nephropathy and to assess the correlation between urinary nephrin and albuminuria. Methods This was a cross-sectional comparative study that was carried out at Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry over 18 months. Diabetic study subjects were divided into three groups-normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, and macroalbuminuria. Urinary albumin was detected by the dipstick method in a spot urine sample for all study subjects. In subjects with trace or no albuminuria, nephelometry was used to quantify urinary albumin levels. Urinary nephrin was estimated by the ELISA technique for all study subjects. Results Subjects in the microalbuminuria group had higher urinary nephrin levels than those in the normoalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria groups. There was a weak positive correlation between urinary albumin and nephrin levels among the study subjects (p < 0.001). Conclusion Urinary nephrin levels are increased in patients with diabetic nephropathy. There was a weak positive correlation between urinary albumin and nephrin levels among these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manupati Surya
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, IND
| | - Medha Rajappa
- Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, IND
| | - Vadivelan M
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, IND
| |
Collapse
|
|
41
|
Barbosa JDS, da Silva GB, Meneses GC, Martins AMC, Daher EDF, Machado RPG, Lemes RPG. Use of non-conventional biomarkers in the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury in preterm newborns with sepsis. J Bras Nefrol 2022; 44:97-108. [PMID: 34846061 PMCID: PMC8943868 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2020-0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common finding in Neotatal Intensive Care Units (NICU). Sepsis is one the main causes of AKI in preterm newborns. AKI has been associated with significant death rates. Early detection of the condition is the first step to improving prevention, treatment, and outcomes, while decreasing length of hospitalization, care costs, and morbimortality. AKI may progress to chronic kidney disease (CKD), a condition linked with dialysis and greater risk of cardiovascular disease. This review article aims to discuss cases of AKI in preterm newborns with sepsis, the use of biomarkers in lab workup, and the use of non-conventional biomarkers for the early identification of AKI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Geraldo Bezerra da Silva
- Universidade de Fortaleza, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Gdayllon Cavalcante Meneses
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Alice Maria Costa Martins
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Elizabeth De Francesco Daher
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
42
|
Zedan MM, Mansour AK, Bakr AA, Sobh MA, Khodadadi H, Salles EL, Alhashim A, Baban B, Golubnitschaja O, Elmarakby AA. Effect of Everolimus versus Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells on Glomerular Injury in a Rat Model of Glomerulonephritis: A Preventive, Predictive and Personalized Implication. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:344. [PMID: 35008770 PMCID: PMC8745690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glomerular endothelial injury and effectiveness of glomerular endothelial repair play a crucial role in the progression of glomerulonephritis. Although the potent immune suppressive everolimus is increasingly used in renal transplant patients, adverse effects of its chronic use have been reported clinically in human glomerulonephritis and experimental renal disease. Recent studies suggest that progenitor stem cells could enhance glomerular endothelial repair with minimal adverse effects. Increasing evidence supports the notion that stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine can be effectively used in pathological conditions within the predictive, preventive and personalized medicine (PPPM) paradigm. In this study, using an experimental model of glomerulonephritis, we tested whether bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMDSCs) could provide better effect over everolimus in attenuating glomerular injury and improving the repair process in a rat model of glomerulonephritis. Anti-Thy1 glomerulonephritis was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats by injection of an antibody against Thy1, which is mainly expressed on glomerular mesangial cells. Additional groups of rats were treated with the immunosuppressant everolimus daily after the injection of anti-Thy1 or injected with single bolus dose of BMDSCs after one week of injection of anti-Thy1 (n = 6-8). Nine days after injection of anti-Thy1, glomerular albumin permeability and albuminuria were significantly increased when compared to control group (p < 0.05). Compared to BMDSCs, everolimus was significantly effective in attenuating glomerular injury, nephrinuria and podocalyxin excretion levels as well as in reducing inflammatory responses and apoptosis. Our findings suggest that bolus injection of BMDSCs fails to improve glomerular injury whereas everolimus slows the progression of glomerular injury in Anti-Thy-1 induced glomerulonephritis. Thus, everolimus could be used at the early stage of glomerulonephritis, suggesting potential implications of PPPM in the treatment of progressive renal injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Zedan
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (M.M.Z.); (A.K.M.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Ahmed K. Mansour
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (M.M.Z.); (A.K.M.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Ashraf A. Bakr
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (M.M.Z.); (A.K.M.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Mohamed A. Sobh
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Hesam Khodadadi
- Department of Oral Biology & Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (H.K.); (E.L.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Evila Lopes Salles
- Department of Oral Biology & Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (H.K.); (E.L.S.); (B.B.)
| | | | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology & Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (H.K.); (E.L.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ahmed A. Elmarakby
- Department of Oral Biology & Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (H.K.); (E.L.S.); (B.B.)
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
|
43
|
Sobolev VE, Sokolova MO, Jenkins RO, Goncharov NV. Nephrotoxic Effects of Paraoxon in Three Rat Models of Acute Intoxication. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13625. [PMID: 34948422 PMCID: PMC8709234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The delayed effects of acute intoxication by organophosphates (OPs) are poorly understood, and the various experimental animal models often do not take into account species characteristics. The principal biochemical feature of rodents is the presence of carboxylesterase in blood plasma, which is a target for OPs and can greatly distort their specific effects. The present study was designed to investigate the nephrotoxic effects of paraoxon (O,O-diethyl O-(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate, POX) using three models of acute poisoning in outbred Wistar rats. In the first model (M1, POX2x group), POX was administered twice at doses 110 µg/kg and 130 µg/kg subcutaneously, with an interval of 1 h. In the second model (M2, CBPOX group), 1 h prior to POX poisoning at a dose of 130 µg/kg subcutaneously, carboxylesterase activity was pre-inhibited by administration of specific inhibitor cresylbenzodioxaphosphorin oxide (CBDP, 3.3 mg/kg intraperitoneally). In the third model (M3), POX was administered subcutaneously just once at doses of LD16 (241 µg/kg), LD50 (250 µg/kg), and LD84 (259 µg/kg). Animal observation and sampling were performed 1, 3, and 7 days after the exposure. Endogenous creatinine clearance (ECC) decreased in 24 h in the POX2x group (p = 0.011). Glucosuria was observed in rats 24 h after exposure to POX in both M1 and M2 models. After 3 days, an increase in urinary excretion of chondroitin sulfate (CS, p = 0.024) and calbindin (p = 0.006) was observed in rats of the CBPOX group. Morphometric analysis revealed a number of differences most significant for rats in the CBPOX group. Furthermore, there was an increase in the area of the renal corpuscles (p = 0.0006), an increase in the diameter of the lumen of the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT, p = 0.0006), and narrowing of the diameter of the distal tubules (p = 0.001). After 7 days, the diameter of the PCT lumen was still increased in the nephrons of the CBPOX group (p = 0.0009). In the M3 model, histopathological and ultrastructural changes in the kidneys were revealed after the exposure to POX at doses of LD50 and LD84. Over a period from 24 h to 3 days, a significant (p = 0.018) expansion of Bowman's capsule was observed in the kidneys of rats of both the LD50 and LD84 groups. In the epithelium of the proximal tubules, stretching of the basal labyrinth, pycnotic nuclei, and desquamation of microvilli on the apical surface were revealed. In the epithelium of the distal tubules, partial swelling and destruction of mitochondria and pycnotic nuclei was observed, and nuclei were displaced towards the apical surface of cells. After 7 days of the exposure to POX, an increase in the thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) was observed in the LD50 and LD84 groups (p = 0.019 and 0.026, respectively). Moreover, signs of damage to tubular epithelial cells persisted with blockage of the tubule lumen by cellular detritus and local destruction of the surface of apical cells. Comparison of results from the three models demonstrates that the nephrotoxic effects of POX, evaluated at 1 and 3 days, appear regardless of prior inhibition of carboxylesterase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav E. Sobolev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez 44, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.E.S.); (M.O.S.)
| | - Margarita O. Sokolova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez 44, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.E.S.); (M.O.S.)
| | - Richard O. Jenkins
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK;
| | - Nikolay V. Goncharov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez 44, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.E.S.); (M.O.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
44
|
Tawfik MK, Keshawy MM, Makary S. Blocking angiotensin 2 receptor attenuates diabetic nephropathy via mitigating ANGPTL2/TL4/NF-κB expression. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6457-6470. [PMID: 34431038 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06647-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a consequence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and is associated with early changes in renal angiotensin II (ANG II). These changes were evaluated using ANG II blocker valsartan early from week two of diabetes (experiment I, renoprotective) and late from week nine of diabetes (experiment II, renotherapeutic) to the end of both experiments at week twelve. METHODS AND RESULTS In both experiments, adult male Wister rats were divided into (i) vehicle group; (ii) valsartan received oral 30 mg/Kg/day; (iii) diabetic received single 50 mg/Kg intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection; (iv) renoprotection, diabetic rats received valsartan treated in experiments I and II. DM effects on urine albumin excretion, blood pressure, and renal ANG II were measured. Urinary nephrin, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), renal angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR 4) mRNA expression were tested. DM-initiated fibrotic markers integrin, α-smooth muscle actin expression, and collagen IV and apoptotic protein caspase 3 were tested. DM induced early changes starting from week four in the tested variables. At week twelve, in both experiments, valsartan intervention showed a significant reduction in ANG II, ANGPTL2, TLR 4 and integrin expression and improvement in albuminuria, blood pressure, urinary biomarkers, fibrotic and apoptotic markers. CONCLUSIONS Changes leading to DN starts early in the disease course and ANG II reduction decreased the expression of ANGPTL2 and integrin which preserve the glomerular barrier. Blocking ANG II was able to decrease TLR 4 and inflammatory cytokines leading to decreasing DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona K Tawfik
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M Keshawy
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Samy Makary
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
|
45
|
Setyaningsih WAW, Arfian N, Fitriawan AS, Yuniartha R, Sari DCR. Ethanolic Extract of Centella asiatica Treatment in the Early Stage of Hyperglycemia Condition Inhibits Glomerular Injury and Vascular Remodeling in Diabetic Rat Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:6671130. [PMID: 34326888 PMCID: PMC8277496 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6671130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is marked by oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular dysfunction that caused diabetic nephropathy that resulted in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Vascular dysfunction is characterized by an imbalance in vasoconstrictor and vasodilator agents which underlies the mechanism of vascular injury in DM. Additionally, diminished podocytes correlate with the severity of kidney injury. Podocyturia often precedes proteinuria in several kidney diseases, including diabetic kidney disease. Centella asiatica (CeA) is known as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant and has neuroprotective effects. This research aimed to investigate the potential effect of CeA to inhibit glomerular injury and vascular remodeling in DM. METHODS The DM rat model was induced through intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin 60 mg/kg body weight (BW), and then rats were divided into 1-month DM (DM1, n = 5), 2-month DM (DM2, n = 5), early DM concurrent with CeA treatment for 2 months (DMC2, n = 5), and 1-month DM treated with CeA for 1-month (DM1C1, n = 5). The CeA (400 mg/kg BW) was given daily via oral gavage. The control group (Control, n = 5) was maintained for 2 months. Finally, rats were euthanized and kidneys were harvested to assess vascular remodeling using Sirius Red staining and the mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase, podocytes marker, ACE2, eNOS, and ppET-1 using RT-PCR. RESULTS The DM groups demonstrated significant elevation of glucose level, glomerulosclerosis, and proteinuria. A significant reduction of SOD1 and SOD3 promotes the downregulation of nephrin and upregulation of TRPC6 mRNA expressions in rat glomerular kidney. Besides, this condition enhanced ppET-1 and inhibited eNOS and ACE2 mRNA expressions that lead to the development of vascular remodeling marked by an increase of wall thickness, and lumen wall area ratio (LWAR). Treatment of CeA, especially the DMC2 group, attenuated glomerular injury and showed the reversal of induced conditions. CONCLUSIONS Centella asiatica treatment at the early stage of diabetes mellitus ameliorates glomerulosclerosis and vascular injury via increasing antioxidant enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wiwit A W Setyaningsih
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Nur Arfian
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Akbar S Fitriawan
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Respati Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta 55282, Indonesia
| | - Ratih Yuniartha
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Dwi C R Sari
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
|
46
|
Kondapi K, Kumar NL, Moorthy S, Silambanan S. A Study of Association of Urinary Nephrin with Albuminuria in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy. Indian J Nephrol 2021; 31:142-148. [PMID: 34267436 PMCID: PMC8240926 DOI: 10.4103/ijn.ijn_305_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diabetes mellitus and its complications are associated with high mortality and morbidity. Early detection is mandatory to improve quality of life years in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Hyperglycaemia disrupts podocytes, both structurally and functionally, leading to excretion of nephrin which is present in the glomerular filtration barrier. This study was undertaken to find out whether urinary nephrin is a better indicator of podocyte injury than albuminuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy. METHODS The study included 125 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients as cases categorized into three groups, depending upon albumin excretion. Age and sex matched 45 individuals without diabetes mellitus were chosen as the control group. The study protocol was approved by Institutional Ethics committee. Microalbumin was estimated by immunoturbidometry and urinary nephrin by ELISA. ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests were done to compare the data between the groups. Correlation studies were done. Odds ratio for nephrin was calculated. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The statistical analyses were performed with SPSS software version 13.0. RESULTS The urinary nephrin was found to be proportionately increased from normoalbuminuria to macroalbuminuria and it was statistically significant, with sensitivity of 92.5% and specificity of 76.7%, the cut-off value of urinary nephrin was 97.5ng/mL. CONCLUSION Albuminuria has been used as an independent predictor of diabetic nephropathy. The statistical significant difference between the groups inferred that urinary nephrin excretion increased even in the stage of normoalbuminuria. Nephrin expression and its phosphorylation get altered by hyperglycaemia, contributing to renal damage. Nephrin was found to be a sensitive marker of early kidney dysfunction in diabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Kondapi
- Department of Biochemistry, SRMC & RI, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N. Lakshmana Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, GSL Medical College, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Swathi Moorthy
- Department of General Medicine, SRMC & RI, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Santhi Silambanan
- Department of Biochemistry, SRMC & RI, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
|
47
|
Kostovska I, Trajkovska KT, Cekovska S, Topuzovska S, Kavrakova JB, Spasovski G, Kostovski O, Labudovic D. Role of urinary podocalyxin in early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MEDECINE INTERNE 2020; 58:233-241. [PMID: 32780718 DOI: 10.2478/rjim-2020-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. Podocyte injury has been reported as an early feature of DN therefore, the assessment of podocyte injury can be accomplished by estimation of podocalyxin in urine. This study aimed to estimate the urinary podocalyxin levels and to determine the sensitivity and specificity of this biomarker for early detection of DN.Materials and methods. A total of 90 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were included in this cross-sectional study. Sixty of them were without diagnosed DN, and 30 with diagnosed DN. A control group consisted of 30 healthy subjects. All patients with T2DM were divided into three subgroups according to urinary microalbumin/creatinine ratio (UM/CR): normoalbuminuric, microalbuminuric and macroalbuminuric patients. Urine samples, were used for measurement of podocalyxin by ELISA, creatinine and microalbumin. Fasting venous blood samples was collected for biochemical analyses.Results. The levels of urinary podocalyxin (u-PDX) were higher in patients with T2DM compared to control subjects and a statistically significant difference among studied subgroups regarding u-PDX was found (p < 0.05). Levels of u-PDX are increasing gradually with the degree of DN (p < 0.029). u-PDX levels were positively correlated with UM/CR (r = 0.227, p = 0.002). A cut-off level of 43.8 ng/ml u-PDX showed 73.3% sensitivity and 93.3% specificity to detect DN in early stage. A cut-off level of 30 mg/g UM/CR showed 41.5% sensitivity and 90% specificity in predicting DN. u-PDX was elevated in 48,2% of normoalbuminuric patients.Conclusion. Urinary podocalyxin be useful and more sensitive and specific marker in early detection of DN than microalbuminuria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irena Kostovska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Str. 50 Divizija 6, 1000, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | | | - Svetlana Cekovska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Str. 50 Divizija 6, 1000, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Sonja Topuzovska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Str. 50 Divizija 6, 1000, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | | | - Goce Spasovski
- University Clinic of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Str. Mother Teresa 17, 1000, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Ognen Kostovski
- University Clinic of Abdominal Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Str. Mother Teresa 17, 1000, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Danica Labudovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Str. 50 Divizija 6, 1000, Skopje, North Macedonia
| |
Collapse
|
|
48
|
Insights into predicting diabetic nephropathy using urinary biomarkers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140475. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
|
49
|
Rush BM, Bondi CD, Stocker SD, Barry KM, Small SA, Ong J, Jobbagy S, Stolz DB, Bastacky SI, Chartoumpekis DV, Kensler TW, Tan RJ. Genetic or pharmacologic Nrf2 activation increases proteinuria in chronic kidney disease in mice. Kidney Int 2020; 99:102-116. [PMID: 32818518 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway upregulates key cellular defenses. Clinical trials are utilizing pharmacologic Nrf2 inducers such as bardoxolone methyl to treat chronic kidney disease, but Nrf2 activation has been linked to a paradoxical increase in proteinuria. To understand this effect, we examined genetically engineered mice with elevated Nrf2 signaling due to reduced expression of the Nrf2 inhibitor, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). These Keap1FA/FA mice lacked baseline proteinuria but exhibited increased proteinuria in experimental models evoked by adriamycin, angiotensin II, or protein overload. After injury, Keap1FA/FA mice had increased glomerulosclerosis, nephrin disruption and shedding, podocyte injury, foot process effacement, and interstitial fibrosis. Keap1FA/FA mice also had higher daytime blood pressures and lower heart rates measured by radiotelemetry. Conversely, Nrf2 knockout mice were protected from proteinuria. We also examined the pharmacologic Nrf2 inducer CDDO-Im. Compared to angiotensin II alone, the combination of angiotensin II and CDDO-Im significantly increased proteinuria, a phenomenon not observed in Nrf2 knockout mice. This effect was not accompanied by additional increases in blood pressure. Finally, Nrf2 was found to be upregulated in the glomeruli of patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, diabetic nephropathy, fibrillary glomerulonephritis, and membranous nephropathy. Thus, our studies demonstrate that Nrf2 induction in mice may exacerbate proteinuria in chronic kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittney M Rush
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Corry D Bondi
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sean D Stocker
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kacie M Barry
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah A Small
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jason Ong
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Soma Jobbagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Donna B Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sheldon I Bastacky
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dionysios V Chartoumpekis
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas W Kensler
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Roderick J Tan
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
|
50
|
Pisarek-Horowitz A, Fan X, Kumar S, Rasouly HM, Sharma R, Chen H, Coser K, Bluette CT, Hirenallur-Shanthappa D, Anderson SR, Yang H, Beck LH, Bonegio RG, Henderson JM, Berasi SP, Salant DJ, Lu W. Loss of Roundabout Guidance Receptor 2 (Robo2) in Podocytes Protects Adult Mice from Glomerular Injury by Maintaining Podocyte Foot Process Structure. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:799-816. [PMID: 32220420 PMCID: PMC7217334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Roundabout guidance receptor 2 (ROBO2) plays an important role during early kidney development. ROBO2 is expressed in podocytes, inhibits nephrin-induced actin polymerization, down-regulates nonmuscle myosin IIA activity, and destabilizes kidney podocyte adhesion. However, the role of ROBO2 during kidney injury, particularly in mature podocytes, is not known. Herein, we report that loss of ROBO2 in podocytes [Robo2 conditional knockout (cKO) mouse] is protective from glomerular injuries. Ultrastructural analysis reveals that Robo2 cKO mice display less foot process effacement and better-preserved slit-diaphragm density compared with wild-type littermates injured by either protamine sulfate or nephrotoxic serum (NTS). The Robo2 cKO mice also develop less proteinuria after NTS injury. Further studies reveal that ROBO2 expression in podocytes is up-regulated after glomerular injury because its expression levels are higher in the glomeruli of NTS injured mice and passive Heymann membranous nephropathy rats. Moreover, the amount of ROBO2 in the glomeruli is also elevated in patients with membranous nephropathy. Finally, overexpression of ROBO2 in cultured mouse podocytes compromises cell adhesion. Taken together, these findings suggest that kidney injury increases glomerular ROBO2 expression that might compromise podocyte adhesion and, thus, loss of Robo2 in podocytes could protect from glomerular injury by enhancing podocyte adhesion that helps maintain foot process structure. Our findings also suggest that ROBO2 is a therapeutic target for podocyte injury and podocytopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pisarek-Horowitz
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xueping Fan
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hila M Rasouly
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richa Sharma
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathryn Coser
- Centers for Therapeutic Innovation, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Sarah R Anderson
- Global Pathology, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Hongying Yang
- Centers for Therapeutic Innovation, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Laurence H Beck
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ramon G Bonegio
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joel M Henderson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen P Berasi
- Centers for Therapeutic Innovation, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - David J Salant
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Weining Lu
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|