1
|
Kulothungan V, Ramamoorthy T, Sathishkumar K, Mohan R, Tomy N, Miller GJ, Mathur P. Burden of female breast cancer in India: estimates of YLDs, YLLs, and DALYs at national and subnational levels based on the national cancer registry programme. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024; 205:323-332. [PMID: 38433127 PMCID: PMC11101532 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-024-07264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Female breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality in India, and accounted for 13.5% of new cancer cases and 10% of cancer-related deaths in 2020. This study aims to estimate and report the female BC burden in India at state level from 2012 to 2016 in terms of years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and to project the burden for the year 2025. METHODS The cancer incidence and mortality data from 28 population-based cancer registries were analysed. The mean mortality to incidence ratio was estimated, and mortality figures were adjusted for underreporting. The burden of female BC was estimated at national and subnational levels using Census data, World Health Organisation's lifetables, disability weights, and the DisMod-II tool. A negative binomial regression is employed to project burden for 2025. RESULTS The burden of BC among Indian women in 2016 was estimated to be 515.4 DALYs per 100,000 women after age standardization. The burden metrics at state level exhibited substantial heterogeneity. Notably, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Karnataka, and Delhi had a higher burden of BC than states in the eastern and north-eastern regions. The projection for 2025 indicates to a substantial increase, reaching 5.6 million DALYs. CONCLUSION The female BC burden in India was significantly high in 2016 and is expected to substantially increase. Undertaking a multidisciplinary, context-specific approach for its prevention and control can address this rising burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaitheeswaran Kulothungan
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research (NCDIR), Nirmal Bhawan - ICMR Complex (II Floor), Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562 110, India
| | - Thilagavathi Ramamoorthy
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research (NCDIR), Nirmal Bhawan - ICMR Complex (II Floor), Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562 110, India
| | - Krishnan Sathishkumar
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research (NCDIR), Nirmal Bhawan - ICMR Complex (II Floor), Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562 110, India
| | - Rohith Mohan
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research (NCDIR), Nirmal Bhawan - ICMR Complex (II Floor), Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562 110, India
| | - Nifty Tomy
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research (NCDIR), Nirmal Bhawan - ICMR Complex (II Floor), Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562 110, India
| | - G J Miller
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research (NCDIR), Nirmal Bhawan - ICMR Complex (II Floor), Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562 110, India
| | - Prashant Mathur
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research (NCDIR), Nirmal Bhawan - ICMR Complex (II Floor), Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562 110, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Roy N, Paira P. Glutathione Depletion and Stalwart Anticancer Activity of Metallotherapeutics Inducing Programmed Cell Death: Opening a New Window for Cancer Therapy. ACS Omega 2024; 9:20670-20701. [PMID: 38764686 PMCID: PMC11097382 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The cellular defense system against exogenous substances makes therapeutics inefficient as intracellular glutathione (GSH) exhibits an astounding antioxidant activity in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS) or other free radicals produced by the therapeutics. In the cancer cell microenvironment, the intracellular GSH level becomes exceptionally high to fight against oxidative stress created by the production of ROS/RNS or any free radicals, which are the byproducts of intracellular redox reactions or cellular respiration processes. Thus, in order to maintain redox homeostasis for survival of cancer cells and their rapid proliferation, the GSH level starts to escalate. In this circumstance, the administration of anticancer therapeutics is in vain, as the elevated GSH level reduces their potential by reduction or by scavenging the ROS/RNS they produce. Therefore, in order to augment the therapeutic potential of anticancer agents against elevated GSH condition, the GSH level must be depleted by hook or by crook. Hence, this Review aims to compile precisely the role of GSH in cancer cells, the importance of its depletion for cancer therapy and examples of anticancer activity of a few selected metal complexes which are able to trigger cancer cell death by depleting the GSH level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nilmadhab Roy
- Department of Chemistry, School of
Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of
Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Priyankar Paira
- Department of Chemistry, School of
Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of
Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sanjurani T, Paul S, Barman P. Indole-based NNN donor Schiff base ligand and its complexes: Sonication-assisted synthesis, characterization, DNA binding, anti-cancer evaluation and in-vitro biological assay. Bioorg Chem 2024; 146:107281. [PMID: 38484588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
A novel indole based NNN donor Schiff base ligand and its Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes have been synthesized using sonication-assisted method which is a highly efficient eco-friendly mechanism. The synthesized complexes have been characterized using elemental analysis, UV-Vis spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, FT-IR, and NMR and are optimized using DFT approach, which provided their theoretical framework. The stoichiometry between the ligand and the metal ions was also determined using Job's method. The thermogravimetric (TGA/DSC) analyses confirm the stability for all complexes at room temperature followed by thermal decomposition in different steps. DNA binding activities have been assessed by employing UV-visible and fluorescence spectra using the CT-DNA. The estimated intrinsic binding constant (Kb) for NiL, ZnL, and CdL complexes was 6.00 × 105, 5.58 × 105, and 4.7 × 105, respectively. In accordance with the Kb value, the quenching constant (Ksv) values of NiL, ZnL, and CdL are 5.59 × 105 M-1, 4.3 × 105 M-1, and 4.08 × 105 M-1 respectively. The anticancer properties have been assessed using MTT Assay. It has been found that the Ni(II) complex (NiL) is the most potent among the series with IC50 of 169 µg/mL. An in-vitro antioxidant experiment using DPPH was used to evaluate the synthesizedcomplexes' ability to scavenge free radicals. The findings indicated that the complexes exhibited notable antioxidant properties. The antioxidant property ZnL has been found to be the highest with an IC50 of 2.91 µg/mL and it follows the order is ZnL > NiL > CdL > L. Using the egg albumin denaturation technique, the anti-inflammatory property have been assessed, and the amount of protein denaturation inhibition has been computed. NiL has the highest % inhibition among the series studied. Comparatively, the metal complexes have been reported to exhibit higher biological activities than the prepared Schiff base ligand. The reason for the excellent biological properties observed in the metal complexes could be attributed to the incorporation of the electron-withdrawing CH3COO- during complexation. Molecular docking studies have been performed on the 2GYT protein and it has been found that the complexes have excellent binding affinity, with NiL having the lowest binding energy of -6.93 Kcal mol-1. The values suggested that NiL is more effective against HePG2 cancer cells, which is also in accordance with the MTT Assay results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thangjam Sanjurani
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam 788010, India
| | - Sneha Paul
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam 788010, India
| | - Pranjit Barman
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam 788010, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wadasadawala T, Mohanty SK, Sen S, Kanala TS, Maiti S, Puchali N, Gupta S, Sarin R, Parmar V. Out-of-pocket payment and financial risk protection for breast cancer treatment: a prospective study from India. Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia 2024; 24:100346. [PMID: 38756158 PMCID: PMC11096681 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2023.100346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Background Available data on cost of cancer treatment, out-of-pocket payment and reimbursement are limited in India. We estimated the treatment costs, out-of-pocket payment, and reimbursement in a cohort of breast cancer patients who sought treatment at a publicly funded tertiary cancer care hospital in India. Methods A prospective longitudinal study was conducted from June 2019 to March 2022 at Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Mumbai. Data on expenditure during each visit of treatment was collected by a team of trained medical social workers. The primary outcome variables were total cost (TC) of treatment, out-of-pocket payment (OOP), and reimbursement. TC included cost incurred by breast cancer patients during treatment at TMC. OOP was defined as the total cost incurred at TMC less of reimbursement. Reimbursement was any form of financial assistance (cashless or repayment), including social health insurance, private health insurance, employee health schemes, and assistance from charitable trusts, received by the patients for breast cancer treatment. Findings Of the 500 patients included in the study, 45 discontinued treatment (due to financial or other reasons) and 26 died during treatment. The mean TC of breast cancer treatment was ₹258,095/US$3531 (95% CI: 238,225, 277,934). Direct medical cost (MC) accounted for 56.3% of the TC. Systemic therapy costs (₹50,869/US$696) were higher than radiotherapy (₹33,483/US$458) and surgery costs (₹25,075/US$343). About 74.4% patients availed some form of financial assistance at TMC; 8% patients received full reimbursement. The mean OOP for breast cancer treatment was ₹186,461/US$2551 (95% CI: 167,666, 205,257), accounting for 72.2% of the TC. Social health insurance (SHI) had a reasonable coverage (33.1%), followed by charitable trusts (29.6%), employee health insurance (5.1%), private health insurance (4.4%) and 25.6% had no reimbursement. But SHI covered only 40.1% of the TC of treatment compared to private health insurance that covered as much as 57.1% of it. Both TC and OOP were higher for patients who were younger, belonged to rural areas, had a comorbidity, were diagnosed at an advanced stage, and were from outside Maharashtra. Interpretation In India, the cost and OOP for breast cancer treatment are high and reimbursement for the treatment flows from multiple sources. Though many of the patients receive some form of reimbursement, it is insufficient to prevent high OOP. Hence both wider insurance coverage as well as higher cap of the insurance packages in the health insurance schemes is suggested. Allowing for the automatic inclusion of cancer treatment in SHI can mitigate the financial burden of cancer patients in India. Funding This work was funded by an extramural grant from the Women's Cancer Initiative and the Nag Foundation and an intramural grant from the International Institute of Population Sciences, Mumbai.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tabassum Wadasadawala
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410 210, India
| | - Sanjay K. Mohanty
- Department of Population and Development, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai 400 088, India
| | - Soumendu Sen
- Department of Population and Development, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai 400 088, India
| | - Tejaswi S. Kanala
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410 210, India
| | - Suraj Maiti
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai 400 088, India
| | - Namita Puchali
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Sudeep Gupta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Rajiv Sarin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Vani Parmar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410 210, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Siddique R, Gupta G, Mgm J, Kumar A, Kaur H, Ariffin IA, Pramanik A, Almalki WH, Ali H, Shahwan M, Patel N, Murari K, Mishra R, Thapa R, Bhat AA. Targeting notch-related lncRNAs in cancer: Insights into molecular regulation and therapeutic potential. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 257:155282. [PMID: 38608371 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a group of diseases marked by unchecked cell proliferation and the ability for the disease to metastasize to different body areas. Enhancements in treatment and early detection are crucial for improved outcomes. LncRNAs are RNA molecules that encode proteins and have a length of more than 200 nucleotides. LncRNAs are crucial for chromatin architecture, gene regulation, and other cellular activities that impact both normal growth & pathological processes, even though they are unable to code for proteins. LncRNAs have emerged as significant regulators in the study of cancer biology, with a focus on their intricate function in the Notch signaling pathway. The imbalance of this pathway is often linked to a variety of malignancies. Notch signaling is essential for cellular functions like proliferation, differentiation, and death. The cellular response is shaped by these lncRNAs through their modulation of essential Notch pathway constituents such as receptors, ligands, and downstream effectors around it. Furthermore, a variety of cancer types exhibit irregular expression of Notch-related lncRNAs, underscoring their potential use as therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers. Gaining an understanding of the molecular processes behind the interaction between the Notch pathway and lncRNAs will help you better understand the intricate regulatory networks that control the development of cancer. This can open up new possibilities for individualized treatment plans and focused therapeutic interventions. The intricate relationships between lncRNAs & the Notch pathway in cancer are examined in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raihan Siddique
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India; Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Johar Mgm
- Management and Science University (MSU), Shah Alam, Selangor 40100 MSU, Malaysia
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560069, India; Department of Pharmacy, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303012, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Shobhit University, Gangoh, Uttar Pradesh 247341, India; Department of Health & Allied Sciences, Arka Jain University, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand- 831001, India
| | - I A Ariffin
- Management and Science University (MSU), Shah Alam, Selangor 40100 MSU, Malaysia
| | - Atreyi Pramanik
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Divison of Research and Innovation, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haider Ali
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India; Department of Pharmacology, Kyrgyz State Medical College, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Neeraj Patel
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Krishna Murari
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Riya Mishra
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Riya Thapa
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Asif Ahmad Bhat
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sathishkumar K, Sankarapillai J, Mathew A, Nair RA, Gangane N, Khuraijam S, Barmon D, Pandya S, Majumdar G, Deshmane V, Zomawia E, Bhutia TW, Jerang K, George PS, Maliye S, Laishram R, Shah A, Debbarma S, Koyande S, Pachuau L, Pradhan PD, Jongkey G, Chaturvedi M, Das P, Mathur P. Survival of patients with cervical cancer in India - findings from 11 population based cancer registries under National Cancer Registry Programme. Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia 2024; 24:100296. [PMID: 38756162 PMCID: PMC11096662 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2023.100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Background Cancer survival data from Population Based Cancer Registries (PBCR) reflect the average outcome of patients in the population, which is critical for cancer control efforts. Despite decreasing incidence rates, cervical cancer is the second most common female cancer in India, accounting for 10% of all female cancers. The objective of the study is to estimate the five-year survival of patients with cervical cancer diagnosed between 2012 and 2015 from the PBCRs in India. Methods A single primary incidence of cervical cancer cases of 11 PBCRs (2012-2015) was followed till June 30, 2021 (n = 5591). Active follow-ups were conducted through hospital visits, telephone calls, home or field visits, and public databases. Five-year Observed Survival (OS) and Age Standardised Relative Survival (ASRS) was calculated. OS was measured by age and clinical extent of disease for cervical cancers. Findings The five-year ASRS (95% CI) of cervical cancer was 51.7% (50.2%-53.3%). Ahmedabad urban (61.5%; 57.4%-65.4%) had a higher survival followed by Thiruvananthapuram (58.8%; 53.1%-64.3%) and Kollam (56.1%; 50.7%-61.3%). Tripura had the lowest overall survival rate (31.6%; 27.2%-36.1%). The five-year OS% for pooled PBCRs was 65.9%, 53.5%, and 18.0% for localised, regional, and distant metastasis, respectively. Interpretation We observed a wide variation in cervical cancer survival within India. The findings of this study would help the policymakers to identify and address inequities in the health system. We re-emphasise the importance of awareness, early detection, and increase the improvement of the health care system. Funding The National Cancer Registry Programme is funded through intra-mural funding by Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Health Research, India, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan Sathishkumar
- National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Jayasankar Sankarapillai
- National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bengaluru, India
| | | | | | - Nitin Gangane
- Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Wardha, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Vinay Deshmane
- Indian Cancer Society, Mumbai, India
- P.D.Hinduja Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Eric Zomawia
- National Health Mission, Health & Family Welfare, Government of Mizoram, India
| | | | - Kaling Jerang
- Bakin Pertin General Hospital, East Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | | | - Swapna Maliye
- Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Wardha, India
| | | | - Anand Shah
- The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, India
| | | | | | - Lalawmpuii Pachuau
- National Health Mission, Health & Family Welfare, Government of Mizoram, India
| | | | - Gegong Jongkey
- Bakin Pertin General Hospital, East Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Meesha Chaturvedi
- National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Priyanka Das
- National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Prashant Mathur
- National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bengaluru, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kunhabdulla H, Manas R, Shettihalli AK, Reddy CRM, Mustak MS, Jetti R, Abdulla R, Sirigiri DR, Ramdan D, Ammarullah MI. Identifying Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets by Multiomic Analysis for HNSCC: Precision Medicine and Healthcare Management. ACS Omega 2024; 9:12602-12610. [PMID: 38524437 PMCID: PMC10956120 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the major types of cancer, with 900,000 cases and over 400,000 deaths annually. It constitutes 3-4% of all cancers in Europe and western countries. As early diagnosis is the key to treating the disease, reliable biomarkers play an important role in the precision medicine of HNSCC. Despite treatments, the survival rate of cancer patients remains unchanged, and this is mainly due to the failure to detect the disease early. Thus, the objective of this study is to identify reliable biomarkers for head and neck cancers for better healthcare management. Methods: In this study, all available, curated human genes were screened for their expression against HNSCC TCGA patient samples using genomic and proteomic data by various bioinformatic approaches and datamining. Docking studies were performed using AutoDock or online virtual screening tools for identifying potential ligands. Results: Sixty genes were short-listed, and most of them show a consistently higher expression in head and neck patient samples at both the mRNA and the protein level. Irrespective of human papillomavirus (HPV) status, all of them show a higher expression in cancer samples. The higher expression of 30 genes shows adverse effects on patient survival. Out of the 60 genes, 12 genes have crystal structures and druggable potential. We show that genes such as GTF2H4, HAUS7, MSN, and MNDA could be targets of Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab, which are approved monoclonal antibodies for HNSCC. Conclusion: Sixty genes are identified as potential biomarkers for head and neck cancers based on their consistent and statistically significantly higher expression in patient samples. Four proteins have been identified as potential drug targets based on their crystal structure. However, the utility of these candidate genes has to be further tested using patient samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hafeeda Kunhabdulla
- Department
of Oral Pathology, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Ram Manas
- Department
of Biotechnology, B.M.S. College of Engineering, Bull Temple Road, Bengaluru 560019, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Shettihalli
- Department
of Biotechnology, B.M.S. College of Engineering, Bull Temple Road, Bengaluru 560019, India
| | - Ch. Ram Mohan Reddy
- Department
of Computer Applications (MCA), B.M.S. College
of Engineering, Bull
Temple Road, Bengaluru 560019, India
| | - Mohammed S. Mustak
- Department
of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri 574199, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghu Jetti
- Department
of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riaz Abdulla
- Department
of Oral Pathology, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, India
| | | | - Deden Ramdan
- Department
of Management Science, Faculty of Social Science and Political Science, Universitas Pasundan, Bandung 40261, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Imam Ammarullah
- Department
of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
- UNDIP
Biomechanics Engineering & Research Centre (UBM-ERC), Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang 50275, Central Java, Indonesia
- Biomechanics
and Biomedics Engineering Research Centre, Universitas Pasundan, Bandung 40153, West Java, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nikte V, Patil S, Chaudhari H, Patil C, Pawar R, Patil P, More H, Katolkar U. Financial toxicity and its implication on quality of life in patients attending the palliative care department in a regional cancer centre: An observational study. J Cancer Policy 2024; 39:100460. [PMID: 38061493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpo.2023.100460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In India the cancer burden for 2021 was 26.7 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and this is expected to increase to 29.8 million in 2025 (Kulothungan et al., 2022). According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for one in six deaths. As per WHO, palliative care is a strategy that assists both adults and children along with their families in dealing with life-threatening illnesses. Currently, only 14% of those in need of pain and palliative (P&P) care receive it globally (WHO, 2020). Financial toxicity (FT) is the term used to describe the negative effects that an excessive financial burden resulting from cancer have on patients, their families, and society (Desai and Gyawali, 2020). Addressing this gap will require significant adjustments to both demand- and supply-side policies to ensure accessible and equitable cancer care in India (Caduff et al., 2019). Measuring FT along with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) represents a clinically relevant and patient-centred approach (de Souza et al., 2017). AIM AND OBJECTIVE To estimate FT and its association with quality of life (QoL). MATERIALS AND METHODS This was an observational descriptive study conducted among cancer patients recommended for P&P care. Scores were estimated from September 2022 to February 2023 using official tools: the Functional Assessment for Chronic illness Treatment Compressive Score for Financial Toxicity (FACIT-COST) and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of life Questionnaires for Cancer (QLQ30). RESULTS From 150 patients (70 males and 80 females, mean age 54.96 ± 13.5 years), 92.6% suffered from FT. Eleven patients (7.3%) were under FT grade 0, 41 (27.3%) were FT grade 1, 98 (65.3%) were FT grade 2, and no patients were under FT grade 3. At criterial alpha 0.05 (95%CI), FT and the global score for HRQoL showed an association. Among inpatient department (IPD) expenses, medication bills contributed the greatest expense at 33%, and among outpatient department (OPD) expenses treatment expenses contributed 50% of the total. Breast cancer (30 cases, 20%) and oral cancer (26 cases, 17.3%) were the most frequent cancers. CONCLUSION FT measured using the COST tool showed an association with HRQoL. POLICY SUMMARY This paper refers to the insurance policies available for cancer patients irrespective of P&P care treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Nikte
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, 425405 Dhule, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Savita Patil
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, 425405 Dhule, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Hemakshi Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, 425405 Dhule, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Chaitanya Patil
- Pain and Palliative Care, Kolhapur Cancer Centre, R S 238 Opp. Mayur Petrol Pump Gokul Shirgaon, 416234 Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Reshma Pawar
- Clinical Research Department, Kolhapur Cancer Centre, R S 238 Opp. Mayur Petrol Pump Gokul Shirgaon, 416234 Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Prasad Patil
- Clinical Research Department, Kolhapur Cancer Centre, R S 238 Opp. Mayur Petrol Pump Gokul Shirgaon, 416234 Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Harshvardhan More
- Counselling Department, Kolhapur Cancer Centre, R S 238 Opp. Mayur Petrol Pump Gokul Shirgaon, 416234 Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Ujjwal Katolkar
- Pharmacology Department, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, 425405 Dhule, Maharashtra, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nagar A, Dubey A, Sharma A, Singh M. Exploring promising natural compounds for breast cancer treatment: in silico molecular docking targeting WDR5-MYC protein interaction. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38356140 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2317975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is an aberrant differentiation of normal cells, characterized by uncontrolled growth and the potential to acquire invasive and aggressive properties that ultimately lead to metastasis. In the realm of scientific exploration, a multitude of pathways has been investigated and targeted by researchers, among which one specific pathway is recognized as WDR5-MYC. Continuous investigations and research show that WDR5-MYC is a therapeutic target protein. Hence, the discovery of naturally occurring compounds with anticancer properties has been suggested as a rapid and efficient alternative for the development of anticancerous therapeutics. A virtual screening approach was used to identify the most potent compounds from the NP-lib database at the MTiOpenScreen webserver against WDR5-MYC. This process yielded a total of 304 identified compounds. Subsequently, after screening, four potent compounds, namely Estrone (ZINC000003869899), Ethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (ZINC000003157052), Strychnine (ZINC000000119434) and 7H-DIBENZO [C, G] CARBAZOLE (ZINC000001562130), along with a cocrystallized 5-[4-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]-1H-tetrazole inhibitor (QBP) as a reference ligand, were considered for stringent molecular docking. Thus, each compound exhibited significant docking energy between -8.2 and -7.7 kcal/mol and molecular contacts with essential residue Asn225, Lys250, Ser267 and Lys272 in the active pocket of WDR5-MYC against the QBP inhibitor (the native ligand QBP serves as a reference in the comparative analysis of docked complexes). The results support the potent compounds for drug-likeness and strong binding affinity with WDR5-MYC protein. Further, the stability of the selected compounds was predicted by molecular dynamics simulation (100 ns) contributed by intermolecular hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. This demonstrates the potential of the selected compounds to be used against breast cancer treatment.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amka Nagar
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Dubey
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Computational Chemistry and Drug Discovery Division, Quanta Calculus, India
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mohini Singh
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bhardwaj PV, Dulala R, Rajappa S, Loke C. Breast Cancer in India: Screening, Detection, and Management. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2024; 38:123-135. [PMID: 37330342 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in urban Indian women and the second most common cancer in all Indian women. The epidemiology as well as biology of this cancer seems to be different in the Indian subcontinent when compared with the West. The lack of population-based breast cancer screening programs and delay in seeking a medical consult due to financial and social reasons, including lack of awareness and fear related to a cancer diagnosis, results in delayed diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prarthna V Bhardwaj
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School - Baystate, 759 Chestnut Street, Springfield, MA 01199, USA
| | - Renuka Dulala
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Holyoke Medical Center, 575 Beech Street, Holyoke, MA 01040, USA
| | - Senthil Rajappa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Basavatarakam Indo-American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Road no. 10, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana 500034, India
| | - Chandravathi Loke
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School - Baystate, 759 Chestnut Street, Springfield, MA 01199, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Antoniraj MG, Dhayanandamoorthy Y, Ponnuchamy K, Kandasamy R, Pandima Devi K. Study the anticancer efficacy of doxorubicin-loaded redox-responsive chitosan-derived nanoparticles in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. Carbohydr Res 2024; 536:109049. [PMID: 38346357 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
This study focuses on the design and evaluation of redox-responsive nanoparticles (NPs) by synthesizing disulfide-containing N-phthaloyl chitosan-SS-methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (NPC-SS-mPEG) and incorporating the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin into the NPs. The structural features of NPC-SS-mPEG were investigated using FTIR, NMR, XRD, and TGA/DTA analysis. DLS and TEM analysis confirmed the particle size and morphology of the NPs. The stability of the NPs was measured with the presence and absence of glutathione (GSH) in buffers pH 5 and 7.4. Furthermore, the release of DOX from the NPs was studied in GSH (10 mM) containing/absent medium at pH 5 and pH 7.4 which mimics the intracellular environment with redox potential. The results indicated a significantly increased release of DOX in the GSH containing medium pH 5 (82.9 ± 2.1 %) and pH 7.4 (67.37 ± 0.88 %) compared to the GSH free pH 7.4 (29.99 ± 1.01 %) and pH 5 medium (56.56 ± 1.7 %) at 60 h. The cytotoxicity study in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line by MTT assay indicated higher toxicity of redox-responsive NPs to cancer cells than free DOX. In concurrence with the cytotoxicity assay, in-vitro fluorescence staining assays (AO/EB, Hoechst, ROS generation) also confirmed that NPs loaded with DOX induce higher toxicity to cancer cells than free DOX. Taken together, the overall results confirmed the superiority of the redox response-mediated release of DOX in effectively controlling cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Gover Antoniraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University (Science Campus), Karaikudi, 630003, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Yamini Dhayanandamoorthy
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational Research (CENTRE), University College of Engineering, Anna University, BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumar Ponnuchamy
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ruckmani Kandasamy
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational Research (CENTRE), University College of Engineering, Anna University, BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kasi Pandima Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University (Science Campus), Karaikudi, 630003, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dharshini LCP, Mandal AKA. Regulation of gene expression by modulating microRNAs through Epigallocatechin-3-gallate in cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:230. [PMID: 38281210 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09145-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is an intricate ailment that has a higher death rate globally and is characterized by aberrant cell proliferation and metastasis in nature. Since the beginning of healthcare, natural products, especially those derived from plants, have been utilized to support human health. Green tea contains an essential catechin called epigallocatechin gallate, which has anti-proliferative, anti-mutagenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative properties. The anticancer properties of EGCG have been extensively studied using pre-clinical cell culture and animal model systems. Dysregulated miRNA may be a biomarker since it influences the different characteristics of cancer like upholding proliferative signaling, cell death, invasiveness, metastasis, and angiogenesis. EGCG either elevates or lowers the expression of dysregulated miRNAs in cancer. Nonetheless, due to its anticancer properties, greater attention has been paid towards the development of efficient strategies for utilizing EGCG in cancer chemotherapy. This review summarizes the modifying effect of EGCG on miRNAs in cancer after briefly discussing the anticancer mechanisms of EGCG and the function of miRNAs in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abul Kalam Azad Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vijay J, Kumar BD, Murthy VS. Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells by Cell Block Technique in Malignant Tumors. J Cytol 2024; 41:41-46. [PMID: 38282811 PMCID: PMC10810080 DOI: 10.4103/joc.joc_123_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and is a major cause of morbidity. To deal with this magnitude of cancers and their diagnostic and prognostics, a multitude of prognostic biomarkers for various cancers have been explored over the decades, with detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood being one of them. This study was undertaken to explore the routine procedure of cell block in the cytopathology lab to isolate and detect CTCs. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study, 112 peripheral blood samples sent for routine blood investigations of various cancer patients were utilized for the preparation of cell block. The sections from the cell block were stained routinely and evaluated for the presence of CTCs. The statistical analysis was done using Mac Statplus software version 8.0. Results The malignancies were tabulated as per the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, third edition (ICD-O-3). The maximum number of cases were from C 50 (breast) - 41/112 (36.6%), followed by C15-C26 (Digestive organs) - 19/112 (16.9%), and C00-C14 (lip, oral cavity, and pharynx) - 18/112 (16.07%) cases. CTC was detected in six (5.35%) out of 112 cases, out of which three were from the breast and one each from category C6.9 (mouth), C32.0 (glottis), and C53.8 (cervix uteri). Conclusion Among various advanced and molecular techniques available for the detection of CTCs, the cell block technique proves to be one of the effective methods, especially in resource-limited settings as these can further be utilized for additional diagnostic techniques similar to the ones employed for routine paraffin blocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jahnvi Vijay
- Department of Pathology, ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR, Rajajinagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - B Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pathology, ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR, Rajajinagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - V Srinivasa Murthy
- Department of Pathology, ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR, Rajajinagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Desai A, Wilkinson A. The Histopathological Spectrum of Scrotal Lesions in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e52767. [PMID: 38389620 PMCID: PMC10882216 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence and clinical presentation of testicular and paratesticular lesions are variable. A preoperative diagnosis is often difficult with only a clinical examination. The diagnosis of testicular lesions is mainly based on histological investigation, despite advances in imaging and tumor marker testing. This study aimed to document the histopathological spectrum of scrotal lesions, including testicular and paratesticular lesions. AIM The study aimed to research the histopathological spectrum of scrotal lesions. SETTINGS AND DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study conducted at NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre and Lata Mangeshkar Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in Nagpur, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS Following the institutional ethics committee's approval, a two-year cross-sectional study was carried out in the tertiary care hospital. Seventy operated scrotal specimens sent for histopathological examination were included in the study. The clinical details and investigations of the patients, as well as the gross and histopathological findings of all the specimens, were studied carefully. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The clinical details and gross and histopathological findings were noted in a proforma, entered in a Microsoft Excel sheet (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA), and verified. The data were presented in a tabular form using tablets, pie charts, and bar diagrams. The collected data were analyzed and presented in percentages and frequencies. RESULTS The present study evaluated the histopathological spectrum of scrotal lesions in 70 operated scrotal masses. The mean age of the participants in the study was 46.55 ± 18.69 years, with the youngest patient at four years and the oldest being 88 years of age. Sixty-six (80%) of the 70 cases were of non-neoplastic lesions, while 14 (20%) were of neoplastic lesions. Testicular atrophy (16 cases) was the most common non-neoplastic lesion. The most frequent neoplastic lesion in the present study was a seminoma (seven cases). CONCLUSION This study strongly recommends routine histopathological examination of all scrotal specimens for the detection of various testicular and paratesticular lesions, as well as neoplasms. Histopathology not only provides a tissue diagnosis in scrotal disorders, but it also adds to understanding etiopathogenesis and can aid in the development of future treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Apara Desai
- Pathology, NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre and Lata Mangeshkar Hospital, Nagpur, IND
| | - Anne Wilkinson
- Pathology, NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre and Lata Mangeshkar Hospital, Nagpur, IND
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Azhamuthu T, Kathiresan S, Senkuttuvan I, Abulkalam Asath NA, Ravichandran P. Usnic acid attenuates 7,12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene (DMBA) induced oral carcinogenesis through inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell proliferation in male golden Syrian hamster model. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23553. [PMID: 37840363 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the chemopreventive efficacy of usnic acid (UA), an effective secondary metabolite component of lichens, against 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in the hamster model. Initially, the buccal pouch carcinogenesis was induced by administering 0.5% DMBA to the HBP (hamster buccal pouch) region about three times a week until the 10th week. Then, UA was orally treated with different concentrations (25, 50, 100 mg/kg b.wt) on alternative days of DMBA exposure, and the experimental process ended in the 16th week. After animal experimentation, we observed 100% tumor incidence with well-differentiated OSCC, dysplasia, and hyperplasia lesions in the DMBA-induced HBP region. Furthermore, the UA treatment of DMBA-induced hamster effectively inhibited tumor growth. In addition, UA upregulated antioxidant levels, interfered with the elevated lipid peroxidation by-product of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and changed the activities of the liver detoxification enzyme (Phase I and II) in DMBA-induced hamsters. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining of inflammatory markers (iNOS and COX-2) and proliferative cell markers (cyclin-D1 and PCNA) were upregulated in the buccal pouch part of hamster animals induced with DMBA. Notably, the oral administration of UA significantly suppressed these markers during DMBA-induced hamsters. Collectively, our findings revealed that UA exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and apoptosis-inducing characteristics, demonstrating UA's protective properties against DMBA-induced HBP carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theerthu Azhamuthu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suresh Kathiresan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ilanchitchenni Senkuttuvan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nihal Ahamed Abulkalam Asath
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pugazhendhi Ravichandran
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chintapally N, Nuwayhid M, Arroju V, Muddu VK, Gao P, Reddy BY, Sunkavalli C. State of cancer care in India and opportunities for innovation. Future Oncol 2023; 19:2593-2606. [PMID: 37675499 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2023-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in India. Despite recent medical and technological advances, the cancer burden in India remains high and continues to rise. Moreover, substantial regional disparities in cancer incidence and access to essential medical resources exist throughout the country. While innovative and effective cancer therapies hold promise for improving patient outcomes, several barriers hinder their development and utilization in India. Here we provide an overview of these barriers, including challenges related to patient awareness, inadequate infrastructure, scarcity of trained oncology professionals, and the high cost of cancer care. Furthermore, we discuss the limited availability of cancer clinical trials in the country, along with an examination of potential avenues to enhance cancer care in India. By confronting these hurdles head-on and implementing innovative, pragmatic solutions, we take an indispensable step toward a future where every cancer patient in the country can access quality care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Chintapally
- Pi Health USA, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Vamshi K Muddu
- Asian Institute of Gastroenterology (AIG) Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Peng Gao
- Pi Health USA, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ulaganathan K, Puranam K, Mukta S, Hanumanth SR. Expression profiling of luminal B breast tumor in Indian women. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:13645-13664. [PMID: 37516983 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05195-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we aimed at profiling of luminal B breast cancer specific gene expression pattern in Indian women using mRNA-seq and validation based on TCGA expression data. METHODS RNA isolated from luminal B tumor and adjacent normal tissues was used for library construction and sequencing. Reference-based assemblies of these reads were used for differential gene expression analysis using DeSeq2. The DEGs were evaluated using TCGA expression data. Kaplan-Meier survival method was used to evaluate association between genes showing luminal B specific differential expression pattern and breast cancer prognosis and statistical significance was assessed using log-rank test. Alternate splicing analysis was done using rmats. RESULTS Differential expression analysis identified 2371 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in luminal B breast tumors in comparison with adjacent normal tissues of Indian Women. Of them, 1692 DEGs were validated using TCGA luminal B paired samples. Integration of this data with the DEGs obtained by comparative analysis of unpaired luminal B with luminal A unpaired samples from TCGA resulted in 291 DEGs showing luminal B specific expression pattern. Further, 26 genes of prognostic value were identified. Differential splicing analysis between luminal B tumors and adjacent normal tissues in our cohort led to the identification of 687 genes showing significant differential alternate splicing events. CONCLUSION This study profiled gene expression pattern of luminal B tumors of Indian women and identified 26 key genes of prognostic value for luminal B breast cancer. This study also profiled differential alternate splicing and identified important alternate splicing events in luminal B breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaushik Puranam
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Srinivasulu Mukta
- Department of Surgical Oncology, MNJ Institute of Oncology and RCC, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jha A, Alam M, Kashyap T, Nath N, Kumari A, Pramanik KK, Nagini S, Mishra R. Crosstalk between PD-L1 and Jak2-Stat3/ MAPK-AP1 signaling promotes oral cancer progression, invasion and therapy resistance. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110894. [PMID: 37678027 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1)is an antitumor immunity molecule and a great target to cure oral cancer; nonetheless, the limited success can be attributed to many complex pathways and tumor-related interferences. METHODS In the present study, 150 human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissue samples, including 17 adjacent normals, 56 primary tumors, 47 invasive tumors, and 30 therapy-resistant (RT) samples, were included. The parental/cisplatin-resistant (CisR-SCC4/9) cells were utilized for overexpression (Jak1-3 wild type and catalytically inactive), knockdown (PD-L1 siRNA), targeting MAPK/PI3K/Jak-Stat pathways (SMIs) and checking microsomes. The expression of PD-L1, transcription factors (TFs), signaling pathways, survival/apoptosis, therapy resistance, and invasiveness-related molecules/their activity were determined by RT-PCR, Immunohistochemistry, Western blot, Gelatin Zymography, and MTT assay. RESULTS Advanced OSCC tumors (invasive and drug-resistance), CisR-SCC4/9 cells, and secretory exosomes (CisR-SCC4/9) were found with increased PD-L1 expression. PD-L1 mRNA/protein showed a positive correlation with different TFs (AP1 > Stat3 > c-myc > NFκB) in tumor samples. The PD-L1 expression was more influenced by Jak-Stat/ MAPK-AP1 pathways over PI3K. The ectopic expression of Jak1-3 suggests Jak2 inducted PD-L1 level over Jak1/Jak3. Finally, PD-L1 directly supports survival (Bcl-xL, Bax, cleaved caspase-3), invasion (MMP2/9), and drug-resistance (ALDH-1A1/-3A1) program in OSCC through its link with several molecules. CONCLUSIONS PD-L1 was regulated mainly by the Jak2-Stat3/ MAPK-AP1 pathway, and besides the routine immunological functions, it supports OSCC survival, invasion, and therapy resistance. PD-L1 can be used as an indicator of severity and can be targeted along with Jak2-Stat3/ MAPK-AP1 for a better outcome OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Jha
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Cheri-Manatu, Kanke, Ranchi 835 222, Jharkhand, India
| | - Manzar Alam
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Cheri-Manatu, Kanke, Ranchi 835 222, Jharkhand, India
| | - Tanushree Kashyap
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Cheri-Manatu, Kanke, Ranchi 835 222, Jharkhand, India
| | - Nidhi Nath
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Cheri-Manatu, Kanke, Ranchi 835 222, Jharkhand, India
| | - Anjali Kumari
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Cheri-Manatu, Kanke, Ranchi 835 222, Jharkhand, India
| | - Kamdeo K Pramanik
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Cheri-Manatu, Kanke, Ranchi 835 222, Jharkhand, India
| | - Siddavaram Nagini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajakishore Mishra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Cheri-Manatu, Kanke, Ranchi 835 222, Jharkhand, India.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zomawia E, Zami Z, Vanlallawma A, Kumar NS, Zothanzama J, Tlau L, Chhakchhuak L, Pachuau L, Pautu JL, Hmangaihzuali EV. Cancer awareness, diagnosis and treatment needs in Mizoram, India: evidence from 18 years trends (2003-2020). Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia 2023; 17:100281. [PMID: 37780980 PMCID: PMC10541469 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2023.100281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Despite being the second least populated state, Mizoram exhibits the highest incidence rate of cancer in India. Its inhabitants, constituting an endogamous and isolated population, have embraced their own distinct culture, way of life and dietary preferences, setting them apart from the rest of mainland India. In 2003, the Mizoram Population Based Cancer Registry (PBCR) was established under the auspices of the National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research (NCDIR), a division of the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), in collaboration with the Department of Health & Family Welfare of the Government of Mizoram, India. Methods Cancer incidence and mortality data were extracted from the Mizoram PBCR spanning the years 2003-2020. The Age Standardized Incidence Rate (ASIR) and Age Standardized Mortality Rate (ASMR) were computed per 100,000 individuals, utilizing Segi's World Standard Population as the benchmark. The trajectory of these changes was analysed employing the Joinpoint Regression Analysis Program, Version 4.9.1.0.13, to unveil the Annual Percent Change (APC) with a 95% Confidence Interval and a Significance test (p < 0.05) using Monte Carlo Permutation. The resulting graphical visualizations were generated using Flourish Studio.15. Findings The overall ASIR for all cancer sites among men was 197.2 per 100,000, while for women, it was 164.9 per 100,000. Among men, the most prevalent cancer site was the Stomach (ASIR = 41.4), followed by Head & Neck, Lung, Oesophagus, Colorectal, Liver, Urinary, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Prostate cancers. Conversely, among women, Lung cancer exhibited the highest incidence (ASIR = 26.7), succeeded by Cervical, Breast, Stomach, Head & Neck, Colorectal, Oesophagus, Liver and Ovarian cancers. Stomach cancer emerged as the leading cause of death among men (ASMR = 22.6) and among women, Lung cancer held the highest ASMR (15.9). Joinpoint regression analysis revealed a rising trend in incidence and mortality over time for overall cancer sites. Among the primary cancer sites contributing to incidence and mortality, an increase in APC was observable for all, except Stomach cancer, in both men and women. The diagnostic approach, except for cases of cancer with unknown primary sites, involved a microscopic method. Interpretation This cross-sectional study examines PBCR reports spanning from 2003 to 2020, shedding light on a consistent uptick in cancer incidence and mortality trends in Mizoram. Stomach cancer emerges as the most prevalent and primary cause of cancer-related deaths among men, while Lung cancer takes a parallel role in women. The elevated cancer incidence and the growing trend among younger generations might stem from the static lifestyle and dietary patterns prevalent within the endogamous tribal population, potentially contributing to a genetic predisposition. The escalation in mortality rates could be attributed to a dearth of specialized diagnostic facilities and skilled human resources, treatment strategies guided by genomic research and transportation challenges. This underscores the urgent requirement for comprehensive scientific exploration across diverse facets. The implementation of easily accessible diagnostic facilities in proximity and genetic testing for pharmacogenomics to enhance prognoses would also aid in mitigating the burden and advancing the healthcare system's effectiveness. Funding Population Based Cancer Registry (PBCR) was supported by National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research (NCDIR) of the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Zomawia
- National Health Mission, Department of Health & Family Welfare, Government of Mizoram, Dinthar, 796009, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Zothan Zami
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India
| | - Andrew Vanlallawma
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India
| | | | - John Zothanzama
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India
| | - Lalchhanhimi Tlau
- Department of Pathology, Civil Hospital Aizawl, Department of Health & Family Welfare, Government of Mizoram, Dawrpui, 796001, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Lalchhandama Chhakchhuak
- Department of Pathology, Civil Hospital Aizawl, Department of Health & Family Welfare, Government of Mizoram, Dawrpui, 796001, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Lalawmpuii Pachuau
- Department of Pathology, Civil Hospital Aizawl, Department of Health & Family Welfare, Government of Mizoram, Dawrpui, 796001, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Jeremy L. Pautu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mizoram State Cancer Institute, Zemabawk, 796017, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Evelyn V.L. Hmangaihzuali
- Population Based Cancer Registry Mizoram, NCDIR (ICMR), Civil Hospital Aizawl, Department of Health & Family Welfare, Government of Mizoram, Dawrpui, 796001, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Balakrishna K, Ramasamy T, Venketeswaran MV. Initiation of Palliative Care Referral from the Intensive Care Unit for Advanced Stage Metastatic Cancer Patients: A Quality Improvement Process from a Tertiary Referral Cancer Institute from South India. Indian J Palliat Care 2023; 29:412-417. [PMID: 38058480 PMCID: PMC10696335 DOI: 10.25259/ijpc_267_2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Critically ill cancer patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) did not have any palliative care (PC) intervention as there was no PC referral from the ICU. The project aimed to initiate PC referral for at least 50% of progressive palliative intent cancer patients in intensive care to enhance communication with patients and caregivers. We included PC physicians, oncologists, and psychologists in the team for this project. Material and Methods We used the A3 problem-solving method of quality improvement (QI) and also used the Plan Do Check Act process. The first baseline assessment over 6 months of ICU deaths of patients who could have benefited from PC referral was collected; this made us realise that PC could have been initiated for some patients. Process maps of patient admission into the ICU and the process of their discharge were constructed. Analysis of root causes that were barriers to referral was examined. We made a PC trigger tool after team consultations and consensus and started using it to initiate PC referrals. PC discharge protocol was also initiated. Educational discussions were held with residents and nurses to ensure the continued use of the trigger tool. Results PC referral from intensive care slowly went up from 0% to beyond 50% by November 2019 and reached over 70% by March 2020; patients getting discharged had details of PC centres near their homes. Conclusion Structured QI process and introducing the PC trigger tool led to the outcome of 50% PC referral for critically ill patients in ICU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thendral Ramasamy
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain and Palliative Care, Cancer Institute Women’s Indian Association, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Meenakshi V. Venketeswaran
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain and Palliative Care, Cancer Institute Women’s Indian Association, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sankarapillai J, Krishnan S, Ramamoorthy T, Sudarshan KL, Das P, Chaturvedi M, Mathur P. Epidemiology of cancers among older adults in India: findings from the National Cancer Registry Programme. Public Health 2023; 223:230-239. [PMID: 37683494 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study describes the epidemiology, clinical extent of disease at diagnosis and treatment modalities of cancer among older adults (aged 60 years and older) in India. STUDY DESIGN Secondary data analysis of the National Cancer Registry Programme, which includes 28 Population-Based Cancer Registries (PBCRs) and 96 Hospital-Based Cancer Registries (HBCRs). METHODS PBCR data were used to estimate the incidence in terms of crude rate (CR), age-adjusted incidence rate (AAR), age-specific rate (ASpR) and cumulative risk. Trends in the AAR were calculated with the Annual Percentage Change (APC) using join-point regression. HBCR data were used to describe the clinical extent of the disease at diagnosis and the treatment modalities. RESULTS There is a wide heterogeneity across the country for the incidence of cancer and for the leading cancer sites among older adults. Males had a higher incidence rate compared to females in the majority of the registries. Aizawl had the highest AARs among both genders (males: 1388.8; females: 1033.0). Females had the highest ASpR at 65-69 years (482.8), whereas for males it was above 75 years (710.4). Cervical, stomach and oesophageal cancers were on the decline. The incidence of cancer among older adults was estimated to increase by 13.5% in 2025 as compared to 2020. CONCLUSION The increasing cancer incidence among older adults in India poses a huge burden on the health system. There is a need to increase their participation in clinical trials, advocating comprehensive geriatric assessment and strengthening geriatric oncology within programs addressing older adult's care to deal with the rising cancer burden on the health system borne by them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Sankarapillai
- Indian Council of Medical Research - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Nirmal Bhawan-ICMR Complex (II Floor), Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562110, India(a)
| | - S Krishnan
- Indian Council of Medical Research - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Nirmal Bhawan-ICMR Complex (II Floor), Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562110, India(a)
| | - T Ramamoorthy
- Indian Council of Medical Research - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Nirmal Bhawan-ICMR Complex (II Floor), Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562110, India(a)
| | - K L Sudarshan
- Indian Council of Medical Research - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Nirmal Bhawan-ICMR Complex (II Floor), Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562110, India(a)
| | - P Das
- Indian Council of Medical Research - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Nirmal Bhawan-ICMR Complex (II Floor), Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562110, India(a)
| | - M Chaturvedi
- Indian Council of Medical Research - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Nirmal Bhawan-ICMR Complex (II Floor), Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562110, India(a)
| | - P Mathur
- Indian Council of Medical Research - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Nirmal Bhawan-ICMR Complex (II Floor), Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562110, India(a).
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Misra SR, Das R. Early Discovery, Early Recovery: The principle behind successful oral squamous cell carcinoma treatment! Oral Oncol 2023; 145:106511. [PMID: 37478573 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2023.106511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Satya Ranjan Misra
- Oral Medicine & Radiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, India.
| | - Rupsa Das
- Oral Medicine & Radiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Qadir A, Ullah SNMN, Gupta DK, Khan N, Warsi MH, Kamal M. Combinatorial drug-loaded quality by design adapted transliposome gel formulation for dermal delivery: In vitro and dermatokinetic study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:2839-2851. [PMID: 37309263 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ursolic acid is a powerful drug that possesses many therapeutic properties, such as hepatoprotection, immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antiviral, antiulcer, and anticancer activity. Centella asiatica (L.) Urban (Umbelliferae) contains a triterpene called asiatic acid, which has been used effectively in traditional Chinese and Indian medicine system for centuries. Anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties are only some of the many pharmacological actions previously attributed to asiatic acid . AIM The present work developed an optimized combinatorial drug-loaded nano-formulation by Quality by design approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS The optimize transliposome for accentuated dermal delivery of dual drug. The optimization of drug-loaded transliposome was done using the "Box-Behnken design." The optimized formulation was characterized for vesicles size, entrapment efficiency (%), and in vitro drug release. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and dermatokinetic study were performed for further evaluation of drug-loaded optimized transliposome formulation. RESULTS The optimized combinatorial drug-loaded transliposome formulation showed a particle size of 86.36 ± 2.54 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) 0.230 ± 0.008, and an entrapment efficiency of 87.43 ± 2.66% which depicted good entrapment efficiency. In vitro drug release of ursolic acid and asiatic acid transliposomes was found to be 85.12 ± 2.54% and 80.23 ± 3.23%, respectively, as compared to optimized ursolic acid and asiatic acid transliposome gel drug release that was 67.18 ± 2.85% and 60.28 ± 4.12%, respectively. The skin permeation study of ursolic and asiatic acid conventional formulation was only 32.48 ± 2.42%, compared with optimized combinatorial drug-loaded transliposome gel (79.83 ± 4.52%) at 12 h. After applying combinatorial drug-loaded transliposome gel, rhodamine was able to more easily cross rat skin, as observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy, in comparison with when the rhodamine control solution was used. DISCUSSION The UA_AA-TL gel formulation absorbed more ursolic acid and asiatic acid than the UA_AA-CF gel formulation, as per dermatokinetic study. Even after being incorporated into transliposome vesicles, the antioxidant effects of ursolic and asiatic acid were still detectable. In most cases, transliposomes vesicular systems generate depots in the skin's deeper layers and gradually release the medicine over time, allowing for fewer applications. CONCLUSION In overall our studies, it may be concluded that developed dual drug-loaded transliposomal formulation has great potential for effective topical drug delivery for skin cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qadir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, New Delhi, India
- Department of Research and Developments, Herbalfarm Lifecare Private Limited, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Dipak Kumar Gupta
- Department of Research and Developments, Herbalfarm Lifecare Private Limited, New Delhi, India
| | - Nausheen Khan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of pharmaceutical education and research, New Delhi, India
| | - Musarrat Husain Warsi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehnaz Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lu DN, Zhang WC, Lin YZ, Zhang YN, Shao CY, Zheng CM, Ge MH, Xu JJ. The incidence trends of oral cancers worldwide from 1988 to 2012 and the prediction up to 2030. Head Neck 2023; 45:2394-2412. [PMID: 37417818 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper aims to analyze the time trend of OCs incidence in 43 countries (1988-2012) and predict the incidence trend of OCs (2012-2030). METHODS In the database for Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, the annual data on OCs incidence grouped by age and gender were obtained from 108 cancer registries in 43 countries. The age-standardized incidence rates were calculated, and the Bayesian age-period-cohort model was used to predict the incidence in 2030. RESULTS South Asia and Oceania had the highest ASR in 1988 (9.24/100 000) and 2012 (6.74/100 000). It was predicted that India, Thailand, the United Kingdom, the Czech Republic, Austria, and Japan would be the countries with an increased incidence of OCs in 2030. CONCLUSION Regional custom is an important factor affecting the incidence of OCs. According to our predictions., it is necessary to control risk factors according to local conditions and enhance screening and education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ning Lu
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Chen Zhang
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ze Lin
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ning Zhang
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Ying Shao
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuan-Ming Zheng
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Hua Ge
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Jie Xu
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nath A, Mathur P, Sudarshan K, Kaur Rajput G, Mascarenhas L, Arora RS, Seth R, Kumar Dixit S, Chinnaswamy G, Banipal RPS, Bhutia TW, Kumar Bodal V, Budukh A, Kumar Chaudhary N, Vijay C, Shikha Das D, Gundeti S, Harris C, Hazarika M, Natha Jondhale S, Gunaseelan K, Khamo V, Konjengbam R, Kumar A, Saroj Kumar DM, Majumdar G, Malik S, Mandal S, Najmi AM, Mohan Kumar C, Kumar Pandey A, Pandya S, Pareek P, Pautu JL, Surya Rao V, Ramesh C, Rawal M, Radhakrishnan N, Radhakrishnan V, Shah A, Singh S, Singh V, Singh P, Sundriyal D, Swaminathan R, Avinash T, Priya Kumari T, Tawsik S, Tiwari L. An assessment of childhood cancer care services in India - gaps, challenges and the way forward. Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia 2023; 16:100235. [PMID: 37694177 PMCID: PMC10485780 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2023.100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Childhood cancers are emerging as an essential concern in India where there is lack of a specific programme component or policy to address childhood cancer control. There is limited information on the status and quality of childhood cancer care services in India. This paper describes the childhood cancer care services available at secondary and tertiary-level hospitals in India through a cross sectional study design. Methods The survey was conducted in 137 tertiary-level and 92 secondary-level hospitals in 26 states and 4 Union Territories (UTs), ensuring a uniform representation of public and private care hospitals. The study tool collected data on the organisational infrastructure, type of oncology services, health workforce, equipment, treatment and referral protocols, and treatment guidelines. Descriptive statistics was used to primarily present the health service status and data on childhood cancer care services in proportions and mean. Findings A dedicated pediatric oncology department was available in 41.6% of the public, 48.6% of private, and 64% Non Government Organization (NGO) managed tertiary-level hospitals. In 36 (39%) of the 92 hospitals providing secondary care, childhood cancer care was provided. The availability of bone (41.5%) and positron emission tomography (PET) scans (25.9%) was lower in public tertiary hospitals, whereas histopathology, computerised tomography (CT scan), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were lower in public secondary hospitals than private and NGO managed hospitals for the corresponding level of care. Most tertiary hospitals had the required supportive care facilities except for play therapy and hospice care. Less than 50% of the public tertiary hospitals had stocks of the four categories of cancer-treating drugs and essential infrastructure for radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Most secondary-level hospitals not treating childhood cancer had referral linkages with tertiary hospitals. Interpretation The situational analysis of childhood cancer care services in India showed the concentration of availability of childhood cancer care services at the tertiary level of health care. There were gaps in the availability of specialised pediatric oncology care in all the tertiary hospitals. The availability of childhood cancer care services was higher in private and NGO-managed hospitals than in public hospitals. Integration of childhood cancer as a part of the national cancer control response should be taken up as a matter of priority. The need of the hour is to formulate a childhood cancer policy that will enable timely access to care universally. Funding World Health Organization, India provided funding and technical support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Nath
- ICMR-National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Prashant Mathur
- ICMR-National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K.L. Sudarshan
- ICMR-National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur Rajput
- ICMR-National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Leena Mascarenhas
- ICMR-National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Rachna Seth
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | - Tseten W. Bhutia
- Sir Thutob Namgyal Memorial Referral Hospital, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
| | | | - Atul Budukh
- Centre for Cancer Epidemiology (CCE), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | | | - C.R. Vijay
- Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Caleb Harris
- North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | | | | | - K. Gunaseelan
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | | | | | - Arun Kumar
- Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Shikha Malik
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | | | - Arshad Manzoor Najmi
- Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | | | | | - Shashank Pandya
- The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Puneet Pareek
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - V. Surya Rao
- Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - C. Ramesh
- Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Manoj Rawal
- BPS Government Medical College for Women, Haryana, India
| | | | | | - Anand Shah
- The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - S.B. Singh
- Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Varinder Singh
- Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Deepak Sundriyal
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - T. Avinash
- Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Sopai Tawsik
- Tomo Riba Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Naharlagun, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Lokesh Tiwari
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dadhwal P, Dhingra HK, Dwivedi V, Alarifi S, Kalasariya H, Yadav VK, Patel A. Hippophae rhamnoides L. (sea buckthorn) mediated green synthesis of copper nanoparticles and their application in anticancer activity. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1246728. [PMID: 37692067 PMCID: PMC10484619 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1246728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Green synthesis of nanoparticles has drawn huge attention in the last decade due to their eco-friendly, biocompatible nature. Phyto-assisted synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is widespread in the field of nanomedicine, especially for antimicrobial and anticancer activity. Here in the present research work, investigators have used the stem extract of the Himalayan plant Hippophae rhamnoides L, for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs). The synthesized of CuNPs were analyzed by using sophisticated instruments, i.e., Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The size of the synthesized CuNPs was varying from 38 nm to 94 nm which were mainly spherical in shape. Further, the potential of the synthesized CuNPs was evaluated as an anticancer agent on the Hela cell lines, by performing an MTT assay. In the MTT assay, a concentration-dependent activity of CuNPs demonstrated the lower cell viability at 100 μg/mL and IC50 value at 48 μg/mL of HeLa cancer cell lines. In addition to this, apoptosis activity was evaluated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining, Annexin V, and Propidium iodide (PI) staining, wherein the maximum ROS production was at a dose of 100 µg per mL of CuNPs with a higher intensity of green fluorescence. In both DAPI and PI staining, maximum nuclear condensation was observed with 100 μg/mL of CuNPs against HeLa cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Dadhwal
- Department of Biosciences, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mody University of Science and Technology, Lakshmangarh, Rajasthan, India
| | - Harish Kumar Dhingra
- Department of Biosciences, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mody University of Science and Technology, Lakshmangarh, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vinay Dwivedi
- Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University Chandigarh, Mohali, India
| | - Saud Alarifi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haresh Kalasariya
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India
| | - Ashish Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pandey M, Anand A. Health and disability status among middle-aged and older adult cancer survivors: a case-control study. J Cancer Surviv 2023:10.1007/s11764-023-01446-6. [PMID: 37610478 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-023-01446-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study is to evaluate whether the presence of a cancer history constitutes a risk for encountering unfavourable health outcomes and functional limitations. Moreover, the study also aims to identify specific attributes of cancer survivors that are associated with an increased risk of experiencing poor health and disability. METHODS This study has utilized data from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) conducted in 2017-18. The analytical sample size for this study was 65,562 older individuals of age 45 years and above. We have focused on individuals diagnosed with cancer, i.e., cancer survivors, and compared their health outcomes to those of a similar group (without a cancer history) with similar socioeconomic and demographic features. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used to assess the adjusted effect of explanatory variables on cancer survivors. RESULTS The result shows that the overall number of cancer survivors is 673 per 100.000 older adults and is higher in Urban areas (874 per 100.000) than in rural areas (535 per 100.000). 43.7% of the survivors reported poor self-rated health, and around 34.0% of cancer survivors reported depression, while this prevalence was much lower among older adults without a cancer history. Individuals who were diagnosed with cancer a long time ago have a significantly lower likelihood of experiencing poor SRH, depression, and diminished life satisfaction in comparison to those diagnosed more recently. CONCLUSION The study highlights the importance of factors such as time since diagnosis and the number of cancer sites in influencing health outcomes among survivors. Additionally, socioeconomic factors, such as wealth and access to health insurance, appear to play a role in the health status of cancer survivors. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Healthcare policies should recognize the long-term impact of cancer and prioritize the provision of long-term survivorship care. This may involve establishing survivorship clinics or dedicated healthcare centres that provide specialized care for cancer survivors, addressing their unique needs throughout the survivorship continuum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Pandey
- Department of Family and Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, Govandi Station Road, Deonar, Mumbai, 400088, India
| | - Abhishek Anand
- Department of Family and Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, Govandi Station Road, Deonar, Mumbai, 400088, India.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kaur A, Sharma Y, Singh G, Kumar A, Kaushik N, Khan AA, Bala K. Novel biogenic silver nanoconjugates of Abrus precatorius seed extracts and their antiproliferative and antiangiogenic efficacies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13514. [PMID: 37598190 PMCID: PMC10439965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Biogenic silver nanoconjugates (AgNCs), derived from medicinal plants, have been widely explored in the field of biomedicines. AgNCs for the first-time were synthesized using ethyl acetate seed extracts of Abrus precatorius and their antiproliferative and antiangiogenic efficacies were evaluated against cervical and oral carcinoma. Ultraviolet-Visible spectrophotometry, dynamic light Scattering (DLS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for characterization of AgNCs. Antiproliferative activity was investigated using MTT, DNA fragmentation and in-vitro antioxidant enzyme activity assays. In-vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model was used to evaluate antiangiogenic activity. A total of 11 compounds were identified in both the extracts in GCMS analysis. The synthesized AgNCs were spherical shaped with an average size of 97.4 nm for AgAPE (Sox) and 64.3 nm for AgAPE (Mac). AgNCs possessed effective inhibition against Hep2C and KB cells. In Hep2C cells, AgAPE (Mac) revealed the highest SOD, catalase, GST activity and lower MDA content, whereas AgAPE (Sox) showed the highest GSH content. On the other hand, in KB cells, AgAPE (Sox) exhibited the higher SOD, GST activity, GSH content, and least MDA content, while AgAPE (Mac) displayed the highest levels of catalase activity. Docking analysis revealed maximum binding affinity of safrole and linoleic acid with selected targets. AgAPE (Sox), AgAPE (Mac) treatment profoundly reduced the thickness, branching, and sprouting of blood vessels in the chick embryos. This study indicates that A. precatorius-derived AgNCs have enhanced efficacies against cervical and oral carcinoma as well as against angiogenesis, potentially limiting tumour growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amritpal Kaur
- Therapeutics and Molecular Diagnostic Lab, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Yash Sharma
- Therapeutics and Molecular Diagnostic Lab, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, India
- Section of Microbiology, Central Ayurveda Research Institute, Jhansi, CCRAS, Ministry of Ayush, Govt. of India, Jhansi, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- National Institute of Biologicals, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nutan Kaushik
- Amity Food and Agriculture Foundation, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Asim Ali Khan
- Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine (CCRUM), Ministry of Ayush, Janakpuri, New Delhi, India
| | - Kumud Bala
- Therapeutics and Molecular Diagnostic Lab, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sahai P, Yadav HP, Rastogi A. The Demographic and Clinicopathological Characteristics of Hepatopancreatobiliary Cancers From a Specialized Center in India. Cureus 2023; 15:e43026. [PMID: 37674951 PMCID: PMC10479249 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) cancers are a distinct group requiring specialized multidisciplinary care. The present study was an analysis of HPB cancers. Methods The institutional data for two years from 2017 to 2018 was retrieved from the hospital-based cancer registry (HBCR) database in Excel format (Microsoft® Corp., Redmond, WA). The demographic details, method of diagnosis, tumor characteristics, and disease extent of the patients with HPB primary sites were retrospectively analyzed. Results Out of the 1417 patients with HPB malignancies, 1193 were analyzed. Most of the patients at our center hailed from North India. The distribution of HPB cancers was as follows: hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (n=717, 60.1%), gallbladder (GB) (n=230, 19.3%), periampullary carcinoma (n=76, 6.37%), head of the pancreas (HOP) (n=55, 4.61%), extrahepatic bile duct (EBD) (n=53, 4.44%), intrahepatic bile duct (IBD) (n=32, 2.68%), and body of the pancreas (BOP) (n=30, 2.52%). The most common disease presentation of HPB cancers was in the seventh and sixth decades of life. Male predominance was seen in all HPB cancers except in GB with a higher incidence in females. The predominant cause of chronic liver disease (CLD) with HCC was viral-related (53.7%) with hepatitis B virus (HBV) (34.3%) higher than hepatitis C virus (HCV) (19.2%) followed by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (24.8%) and then alcohol. Adenocarcinoma was the most common morphology in pancreatobiliary malignancies. The disease presentation was locoregional in 63.4% of HCC, 69.7% of periampullary carcinoma, and 50.9% of HOP cases. The patients with EBD and IBD cancers presented commonly with locoregional disease extent in 60.4% and 62.5%, respectively. Perihilar subsite was more commonly detected (71.7%) as compared to the distal one in the patients with EBD cancers. The patients with GB cancers (GBC) presented with distant metastases in 53.5% and locoregional disease in 33%. Distant metastases were present in 76.7% of the patients with BOP cancers. The liver was a common site of distant metastases in GB, periampullary, and pancreatic cancers. Conclusions The present study highlights the characteristics and the variations in disease presentation in different primary tumor sites of HPB cancers. In view of the common locoregionally advanced disease presentation of HCC, the patients with CLD need surveillance for the early detection of lesions. As the patients with HPB cancers show advanced disease presentation, effective locoregional and systemic therapies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puja Sahai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Hanuman P Yadav
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Archana Rastogi
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Vaid A, Rastogi N, Doherty TM, San Martin P, Chugh Y. Review of the unmet medical need for vaccination in adults with immunocompromising conditions: An Indian perspective. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2224186. [PMID: 37402477 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2224186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunocompromised (IC) populations are at increased risk of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). In India, the concern of VPDs in IC populations is particularly acute due to the prevalence of crowded living situations, poor sanitation and variable access to healthcare services. We present a narrative review of IC-related disease and economic burden, risk of VPDs and vaccination guidelines, based on global and India-specific literature (2000-2022). IC conditions considered were cancer, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, respiratory disorders, disorders treated with immunosuppressive therapy, and human immune deficiency virus (HIV). The burden of IC populations in India is comparable to the global population, except for cancer and HIV, which have lower prevalence compared with the global average. Regional and socioeconomic inequalities exist in IC prevalence; VPDs add to the burden of IC conditions, especially in lower income strata. Adult vaccination programs could improve health and reduce the economic impact of VPDs in IC populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Vaid
- Medical Oncology and Hematology, Medanta Cancer Institute, Gurugram, India
| | - Neha Rastogi
- Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and BMT, Medanta Cancer Institute, Gurugram, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tufail M, Wu C. Cancer Statistics in Pakistan From 1994 to 2021: Data From Cancer Registry. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2023; 7:e2200142. [PMID: 37450777 DOI: 10.1200/cci.22.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pakistan has been systematically collecting cancer data since 1994 through cancer registries. METHODS This article presents a comprehensive analysis of cancer statistics in Pakistan from 1994 to 2021, including incidence and patterns. RESULTS The total number of patients with malignant neoplasm was 111,941, and the number of patients registered was 109,863. Most patients were from Punjab (67.6%) and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (20.2%). Breast cancer (22.2%), colorectum cancer (5.6%), leukemia (5.3%), lip and oral cavity cancer, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (5.1%) were the top five prevalent cancers in all age groups and sexes. Breast (24.2%), colorectum (6.2%), lip and oral cavity (5.8%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (4.4%), and prostate cancers (4.0%) were most common in adults in both sexes. In both sexes, the most common cancers among children were Hodgkin lymphoma (20.1%), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (19.8%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (11.6%), osteosarcoma (7.0%), and retinoblastoma (6.2%). Breast (45.9%), ovary and uterine adnexa (4.9%), lip and oral cavity (4.2%), cervix uteri (4.0%), and colorectum cancers (3.9%) were most common in adult females. In adult males, colorectum cancer (8.7%), prostate cancer (8.5%), lip and oral cavity cancer (7.6%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (6.4%), and liver and intrahepatic bile duct cancers were the top five most common malignancies. CONCLUSION It has been found that breast cancer, colorectum cancer, prostate cancer, leukemia, and bone cancer rates are among the highest in Pakistan. This information may be useful in assessing the effectiveness of future intervention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tufail
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Changxin Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yadav S, Jayaseelan V, Pandjatcharam J, Roy G, Susindran B, Ravel V. Facilitators and Challenges in Patient's Satisfaction with Quality of Cervical Cancer Care in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Puducherry, India: A Qualitative Study. South Asian J Cancer 2023; 12:250-255. [PMID: 38047055 PMCID: PMC10691913 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1761283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Shikha YadavBackground Chronic diseases require more attention in terms of patient satisfaction due to their physically and mentally exhausting nature. Cancer burden in India for 2021 was 26.7 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and is projected to rise to 29.8 million by 2025. The second most common cause of cancer DALYs among females was cervix uteri (98.6 per 100,000). Evaluation of factors that influence satisfaction can assist in finding solutions to improve the quality of services provided. Methods This study was conducted in the Regional Cancer Centre, Puducherry. One focused group discussion (FGD) was conducted among seven cervical cancer patients and eight key informant interviews (KII) with their healthcare providers (HCPs). The details collected included perceptions of patient satisfaction, difficulties they faced in achieving patient satisfaction, and possible recommendations for improvement. Thematic analysis was done after preparing transcripts. Results The major facilitating factors reported were proper information exchange, the approachability of staff, and assisting patients with transportation concession certificates. Obstacles highlighted by patients included lack of family support, side effects of treatment, inability to do routine work, and long travel time. HCP reported misalignment between and within departments, overworked staff, lack of equipment for smooth telemedicine services, and inadequate space for OPD, counseling, and waiting as barriers to providing satisfactory services to patients. Conclusions Most challenges were attributed to overworked staff, inequitable distribution of cancer center, and patients' knowledge and understanding of disease. Therefore, it is important to make patients aware of the disease, treatment, and value of the quality of life. It can enable them to make better use of resources, in addition to improvements in the health system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Yadav
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Venkatachalam Jayaseelan
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Jagadesan Pandjatcharam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Gautam Roy
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Balaji Susindran
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Vanessa Ravel
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Priyanka MB, Panda J, Samantroy S, Panda SR, Jena P. Comparison of Four Risk of Malignancy Indices for Preoperative Evaluation of Ovarian Masses: A Prospective Observational Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e41539. [PMID: 37554619 PMCID: PMC10404649 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer imposes a significant health burden worldwide. Although various tumor markers are available to diagnose ovarian cancer, low-resource countries like India require a humble marker or index. The Risk of Malignancy Index (RMI) has been found to be a simple yet promising tool that can be used for this purpose. In this study, we attempted to validate various RMIs with the help of menopausal status, ultrasonogram score, cancer antigen (CA) 125 value and compare all four RMIs, which would be useful to differentiate benign and malignant ovarian masses. This could be an essential tool, especially in low-resource settings. METHOD This prospective study was conducted at Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences in Odisha, India, from September 2020 to September 2022 involving 191 patients with ovarian mass with histopathology, which was deemed the "gold standard" diagnostic tool. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of RMI 1, 2, 3, and 4 were calculated and compared. Results: Out of 191 patients, 32 (16%) had malignancy and 159 (83.2%) had benign pathology. It was apparent that RMI 4 was a better tool for the initial assessment of patients with ovarian masses with a sensitivity of 80.6%, specificity of 96.2%, PPV of 81%, NPV of 96% at a cutoff of 334, and an area under the curve value of 0.939. CONCLUSION RMI 4 followed by RMI 3 were relatively better indices than RMI 1 and RMI 2 for identifying benign and malignant ovarian masses. RMI 4 was a valuable and applicable method in diagnosing pelvic masses with a high risk of malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matcha B Priyanka
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Jyochnamayi Panda
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Subhra Samantroy
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Soumya R Panda
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Pramila Jena
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Anakha J, Prasad YR, Sharma N, Pande AH. Human arginase I: a potential broad-spectrum anti-cancer agent. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:159. [PMID: 37152001 PMCID: PMC10156892 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03590-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
With high rates of morbidity and mortality, cancer continues to pose a serious threat to public health on a global scale. Considering the discrepancies in metabolism between cancer and normal cells, metabolism-based anti-cancer biopharmaceuticals are gaining importance. Normal cells can synthesize arginine, but they can also take up extracellular arginine, making it a semi-essential amino acid. Arginine auxotrophy occurs when a cancer cell has abnormalities in the enzymes involved in arginine metabolism and relies primarily on extracellular arginine to support its biological functions. Taking advantage of arginine auxotrophy in cancer cells, arginine deprivation, which can be induced by introducing recombinant human arginase I (rhArg I), is being developed as a broad-spectrum anti-cancer therapy. This has led to the development of various rhArg I variants, which have shown remarkable anti-cancer activity. This article discusses the importance of arginine auxotrophy in cancer and different arginine-hydrolyzing enzymes that are in various stages of clinical development and reviews the need for a novel rhArg I that mitigates the limitations of the existing therapies. Further, we have also analyzed the necessity as well as the significance of using rhArg I to treat various arginine-auxotrophic cancers while considering the importance of their genetic profiles, particularly urea cycle enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Anakha
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062 Punjab India
| | - Yenisetti Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062 Punjab India
| | - Nisha Sharma
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062 Punjab India
| | - Abhay H. Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062 Punjab India
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kumar V, Pandey A, Arora A, Gautam P, Bisht D, Gupta S, Chaurasia A, Sachan M. Diagnostics and Therapeutic Potential of miR-205 and miR-34a in Ovarian Cancer Management: A miRNA-Target-Based Analysis. DNA Cell Biol 2023; 42:151-162. [PMID: 36779980 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2022.0487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) treatment strategies mainly focused on surgery combined with chemotherapy. Recent targeted therapy techniques emerge as milestone and could be used for management of ovarian cancer (OC) progression with more efficacy. The aim is to evaluate the therapeutic and diagnostic potential of microRNA (miRNA) in management of EOC using in silico and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) expression analysis. We performed functional enrichment and miRNA-Target genes expression analysis in 48 EOC and 22 normal tissue samples using qRT-PCR and correlated with miRNA expression data in matched samples to evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of miRNA in OC management. In silico functional enrichment analysis revealed miRNA association with disease. Target genes of miRNAs participate in several biologically important pathways leading to cancer progression. Targets of miRNA-205 and miRNA-34a were significantly downregulated, and upregulated, respectively, in EOC. Moreover, significant negative correlation between relative expression of miRNA-205 and target genes (BCL2, ZEB1, E2F1, and TP53) was observed with r = -0.813; r = -0.755; r = -0.559; and r = -0.767, respectively. Similarly, miRNA-34a also showed higher negative correlation with target genes (MDM4, MAPK3, BRCA1, AREG) with r = -0.840; r = -0.870; r = -0.622; and r = -0.623, respectively. In addition, receiver operating characteristics analysis of combined miRNA panel, miRNA-205-Target gene panel, and miRNA-34a-Target gene panel exhibited higher diagnostics value with area under the curve (AUC) of 92.7 (p < 0.0001), 94.8 (p < 0.0001), and 98.3 (p < 0.0001), respectively. Negative Correlation between miRNA and target genes expression data in matched samples highlights therapeutic potential of miRNA in EOC management. Moreover, combined diagnostic potential of miRNA-target gene panel could predict risk of EOC with higher AUC, sensitivity, and specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Archana Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Arisha Arora
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Priyanka Gautam
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Deepa Bisht
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Sameer Gupta
- Department of Surgical Oncology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Amrita Chaurasia
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Motilal Nehru Medical College Allahabad, Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Manisha Sachan
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chaturvedi M, Krishnan S, Das P, Sudarshan KL, Stephen S, Monesh V, Mathur P. Descriptive Epidemiology of Ovarian Cancers in India: A Report from National Cancer Registry Programme. Indian J Gynecol Oncolog 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40944-022-00694-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
37
|
Shaji A, Keechilat P, DK V, Sauvaget C. Analysis of the Mortality Trends of 23 Major Cancers in the Indian Population Between 2000 and 2019: A Joinpoint Regression Analysis. JCO Glob Oncol 2023; 9:e2200405. [PMID: 36947728 PMCID: PMC10497286 DOI: 10.1200/go.22.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer mortality trends have not been documented across the population of India. We, therefore, analyzed the overall and individual cancer mortality trends for 23 major cancers between 2000 and 2019 on the basis of Global Health Observatory (GHO) database. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study examined cancer mortality trends for 23 major cancer sites on the basis of 12.85 million cancer deaths obtained from the GHO of the WHO between 2000 and 2019. A joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the long-term trends of cancer mortality. Annual percentage change (APC) and average APC were estimated for various cancer sites. RESULTS Between 2000 and 2019, 12.85 million deaths occurred in India from 23 major cancers. The most common lethal cancers were mouth and oropharyngeal (15.6%), stomach (10.6%), lung (9.6%), breast (9%), and colorectal (8%) cancers. The mortality trend decreased by 0.19% annually among men and increased nonsignificantly by 0.25% among women; an increase of 0.02% was observed among combined sexes. Increasing mortality trends were seen among cancers of the lung, breast, colorectum, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, gallbladder, pancreas, kidney, and mesothelioma between 2000 and 2019. The highest annual increase in mortality was observed in pancreatic cancer among both sexes: 2.7%, 2.1% among men, and 3.7% in women. The cancers of the stomach, esophagus, leukemia, larynx, and melanoma showed a declining cancer mortality trend irrespective of sex. CONCLUSION A multifaceted strategy is required to tackle the rising cancer mortality rates in India; the best long-term strategy could be implementing awareness on cancer symptoms among the population as well as cancer prevention policies with improved health infrastructure and specifically dedicated human resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajil Shaji
- Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita VishwaVidhyapeedham, Cochin, India
| | - Pavithran Keechilat
- Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita VishwaVidhyapeedham, Cochin, India
| | - Vijaykumar DK
- Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita VishwaVidhyapeedham, Cochin, India
| | - Catherine Sauvaget
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chahat, Bhatia R, Kumar B. p53 as a potential target for treatment of cancer: A perspective on recent advancements in small molecules with structural insights and SAR studies. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 247:115020. [PMID: 36543034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer represents one of the world's biggest hazardous diseases. p53 is the uttermost researched tumour suppressor protein. It is commonly considered the "guardian of the genome," performing a critical function in genetic stability maintenance through controlling the cell cycle, programmed cell death, DNA repair, aging, and angiogenesis. The abnormalities in p53 lead to genetic instability and plays a significant role in carcinogenesis. The role of p53 in tumour suppression is emphasized in addition by the observation that primary silencing with this protein occurred in more than 50% of cancers. MDM2, p53, and the p53-MDM2 connections are well-known targets for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Moreover, in tumors with wild-type p53, their efficacy is decreased due to MDM2 enlargement or by the gradual decrease of MDM2 blocker ARF. As a result, improving p53 activity in cancerous cells provides a promising anticancer strategy. Various techniques are now being investigated, and addressing the p53-MDM2 interaction had also evolved as a potentially feasible strategy for contending with tumors. Both p53 and MDM2, interact via an autoregulation response signal: p53 activity induces MDM2 transcription, which in response interacts with p53's N-terminal transactivation domain, inhibiting its transcriptional activity. This article provides information on the current scenario of anti-tumor activities, with a particular emphasis on structure-activity relationship characteristics (SAR) against the p53-MDM2 to treat cancer. The primary purpose of this review is to cover recent advancements in the creation and testing of anticancer drugs that target the p53-MDM2 structure. This review contains different heterocyclic moieties which show significant results toward cancer. A mechanistic route is shown here, demonstrating both normal and malignant conditions via several stressed factors. Several compounds entered clinical trials as p53-MDM2 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chahat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T. Road MOGA, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Rohit Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T. Road MOGA, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal University, Chauras Campus, Srinagar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 246174, India.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Debnath DJ, Gupta A, Naidu NK, Kalidoss VK, Kakkar R. Population-Based Detection of Cancer Cases Using Digital Platforms in Mangalagiri Mandal of Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh. Cureus 2023; 15:e34785. [PMID: 36923191 PMCID: PMC10008782 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Cancer is one of the major causes of illness and mortality in India. The cancer burden in India will roughly triple over the next 20 years. Population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) are crucial not only for formulating cancer control policies and assessing their effectiveness but also offer essential inputs for programs aimed at preventing cancer. The state of Andhra Pradesh after the division in 2014 has been left with no PBCR. Hence, with the aim to pilot the development of a population-based cohort of cancer cases with digital reporting and monitoring mechanisms, this study was carried out with the objective of finding the prevalence and incidence of various types of cancer in Mangalagiri Mandal, Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh. Materials and methods A cross-sectional survey during the period January 2021 to June 2022 was conducted to actively search for cancer cases among 160303 people residing in 42639 households in the Mangalagiri Mandal, Guntur district, State of Andhra Pradesh, India. The respondents were asked if anyone in the household had cancer and the location was mapped, the information was recorded by the Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) workers in the pre-tested questionnaire. The total number of cancer cases identified was 107. Results Mangalagiri Mandal had 24 cases of cancer among men and 83 cases of cancer among women as recorded during the study period. Most of the male (37.5%) and female (31.3%) cancer cases were in Stage 2 of cancer and the majority of them (91.6%, 94%) had completed their treatment and were on regular follow-up. The most common cancer among both sexes was breast cancer (5.45 per million population). Oral cancer was the most prevalent in men (0.747 per million of the population) whereas, breast cancer (4.253 per million population) was the most prevalent among females. A total of 47.1% of the males had cancer at sites that were related to tobacco usage. Conclusion The data on cancer incidence and prevalence along with the socio-demographic profile is essential to know the burden of cancer. This baseline data can be used in planning cancer control activities and knowing the future trend of cancer in the Mangalagiri Mandal, in the new state of Andhra Pradesh.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhrubajyoti J Debnath
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, IND
| | - Arti Gupta
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, IND
| | - Navya Krishna Naidu
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, IND
| | - Vinoth Kumar Kalidoss
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, IND
| | - Rakesh Kakkar
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, IND
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gole AA, Ashwinirani SR, Kadashetti V, Suragimath G, Muneshwar S, Godse P. Prevalence of Oral Cancer in Western Population of Maharashtra for 3 Years: A Prospective Study. J Midlife Health 2023; 14:3-7. [PMID: 37680369 PMCID: PMC10482017 DOI: 10.4103/jmh.jmh_44_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In developing countries, oral cancer (OC) is estimated to be the third most common malignancy after cancer of the cervix and stomach. The aim of this study was to report the prevalence of OC for 3 years and its association with age, gender, type, and duration of habits along with the site of OC. Materials and Methods This study was conducted in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology from January 2019 to December 2021. All the patients were examined after recording their demographic data using a mouth mirror and probe. The diagnosis of OC was arrived based on the clinical features of the lesions. The type and duration of habits and site were recorded in clinical pro forma. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21.0 was used for the statistical analysis, the Chi-square test was applied, and the significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results The prevalence of OC was 0.22% in our study. Of 317 cases, the majority of the patients were males (n = 204), and females (n = 113) accounted for a male: female ratio of 2:1. The most common age affected was 51-70 years with a history of tobacco chewing, followed by patients with multiple habits (smokers, tobacco chewers, and alcoholic). The buccal mucosa was the most common site followed by malignancies of multiple sites. Conclusion Regular camps regarding tobacco cessation and counseling should be taken care of by dentists. Male patients aged above 40 years are routinely recommended for dental visits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Anilrao Gole
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Krishna Viswa Vidyapeeth, Deemed to be Univeristy, School of Dental Scienecs, Karad, Maharasthra, India
| | - S. R. Ashwinirani
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Krishna Viswa Vidyapeeth, Deemed to be Univeristy, School of Dental Scienecs, Karad, Maharasthra, India
| | - Vidya Kadashetti
- Department of Oral and Maxillofcaial Pathology, Krishna Viswa Vidyapeeth, Deemed to be Univeristy, School of Dental Scienecs, Karad, Maharasthra, India
| | - Girish Suragimath
- Department of Peridontology, Krishna Viswa Vidyapeeth, Deemed to be Univeristy, School of Dental Scienecs, Karad, Maharasthra, India
| | - Shrutika Muneshwar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Krishna Viswa Vidyapeeth, Deemed to be Univeristy, School of Dental Scienecs, Karad, Maharasthra, India
| | - Priti Godse
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Krishna Viswa Vidyapeeth, Deemed to be Univeristy, School of Dental Scienecs, Karad, Maharasthra, India
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dolui M, Sarkar S, Ghosh P, Hossain M. Dietary diversity and association with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among adult men (15-54 years): A cross-sectional study using National Family and Health Survey, India. PLOS Glob Public Health 2023; 3:e0001775. [PMID: 37185617 PMCID: PMC10132668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A healthy and diversified diet is essential for preventing several non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Given the increasing evidence of diet-related health burdens and the rising prevalence of NCDs among Indian adults, the present study aims to explore dietary diversity patterns among adult men in India and their association with non-communicable diseases (NCDs). For this purpose, the study used the fourth round of the National Family and Health Survey (NFHS-4) to analyze adult male samples (n = 1,12,122). Dietary Diversity Scores (DDS) were computed by the weighted sum of the number of different food groups consumed by an individual. The prevalence of diabetes, heart disease, and cancer among adult men is considered a non-communicable disease. Bivariate and logistic regression was carried out to examine the association between DDS and NCDs by estimating chi-squared tests (χ2-test), odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI). The prevalence of diabetes, heart disease, and cancer among adult men in India is 2.1 percent, 1.2 percent, and 0.3 percent, respectively. Results show a positive association between dietary diversity score and the prevalence of the non-communicable disease. High-level dietary diversity scores increase to two times the likelihood of diabetes (OR 2.15 with p<0.05) among adult men than to better-off counterparts while controlling all the covariates. However, a moderate dietary diversity score significantly decreases the likelihood of heart disease (OR 0.88 with p<0.10) and Cancer (OR 0.71 with p<0.05) for adult men compared to a lower score of dietary diversity. In addition, age, marital status, drinking and smoking habits, occupation, and wealth index are also significantly associated with the odds of non-communicable diseases among adult men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mriganka Dolui
- Department of Geography, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjit Sarkar
- Department of Geography, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Karnataka, India
| | - Pritam Ghosh
- Department of Geography, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Department of Geography, Ramsaday College, Howrah, West Bengal, India
| | - Moslem Hossain
- Department of Geography, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gupta N, Qayum A, Singh S, Mujwar S, Sangwan PL. Isolation, Cytotoxicity Evaluation, Docking, ADMET and Drug Likeness Studies of Secondary Metabolites from the Stem Bark of
Anthocephalus cadamba
(Roxb.). ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Gupta
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry (NPMC) Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu 180001 India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry M. M. College of Pharmacy Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University) Mullana Ambala Haryana India 133207
| | - Arem Qayum
- Cancer Pharmacology Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu 180001 India
| | - Shashank Singh
- Cancer Pharmacology Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu 180001 India
| | - Somdutt Mujwar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy Chitkara University, Rajpura Punjab India 140401
| | - Payare L. Sangwan
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry (NPMC) Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu 180001 India
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Azad I, Anand P, Dwivedi AK, Saha S, Akhter Y. Analyzing Indole-fused benzooxazepines as inhibitors of apoptosis pathway-related proteins using multifaceted computational medicinal chemistry. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
44
|
Raju GNL, Bhat PP, Nagini S. Utility of Prostate-Specific Antigen Isoforms and Prostate Health Index in the Diagnosis of Metastatic Prostate Cancer. J Lab Physicians 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective The current study was undertaken to investigate the utility of total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA), its isoform [-2] proPSA (p2PSA), and prostate health index (PHI) in the diagnosis of metastatic prostate cancer (PCa).
Materials and Methods This study was conducted from March 2016 to May 2019. Eighty-five subjects who were diagnosed with PCa for the first time, following transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy, were included in the study. The prebiopsy blood samples were analyzed in Beckman Coulter Access-2 Immunoanalyzer for tPSA, p2PSA, and free PSA (fPSA), and the calculated parameters included %p2PSA, %fPSA, and PHI. Mann–Whitney's U test was used as test of significance, and p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results Of the 85 participants, 81.2% (n = 69) had evidence of metastasis, both clinically and pathologically. The median tPSA (ng/mL), p2PSA (pg/mL), %p2PSA, and PHI were significantly higher in the group with evidence of metastasis (46.5 vs. 13.76; 198.0 vs. 35.72; 3.25 vs. 1.51; 237.58 vs. 59.74, respectively). The sensitivity (%), specificity (%), negative predictive value (%), and positive predictive value (%) to diagnose metastatic PCa of tPSA at a cutoff of 20 ng/mL, PHI at a cutoff of 55, and %p2PSA at a cutoff of 1.66 were 92.7, 98.5, and 94.2; 37.5, 43.7, and 62.5; 54.5, 87.5, and 71.4; and 86.4, 88.3, and 91.5, respectively.
Conclusion Using tests such as %p2PSA and PHI in the standard armamentarium for the diagnosis of metastatic PCa in addition to PSA will help in selecting the appropriate treatment strategy, including active surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Nanjaiah Laxmana Raju
- Biochemistry Section, Laboratory Services, Apollo Hospitals, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Parineetha P. Bhat
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Peter's Medical College, Hospital and Research Institute, Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Siddavaram Nagini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sundramoorthy AK, Atchudan R. Analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) using biosensors made of conducting polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), with antifouling properties in human blood. Oral Oncol 2022; 134:106138. [PMID: 36182723 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K Sundramoorthy
- Centre for Nano-Biosensors, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Raji Atchudan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sharma RP, Harshe A, Sharma P, Sharma PP. A Case Report of Rare Synchronous Esophageal Malignancies With Dissimilar Histology: Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Small Cell Carcinoma. Cureus 2022; 14:e29645. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
47
|
Ahuja M. Burden of Cancers in India: Stumbling Blocks and Vision of Success. J Midlife Health 2022; 13:195-198. [PMID: 36950210 PMCID: PMC10025824 DOI: 10.4103/jmh.jmh_227_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maninder Ahuja
- Director, Ahuja Health Services, Department of Gynecology, Ahuja Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bhatia P, Sharma M, Singh G, Gurav S. Endpoints of dental rehabilitation treatments in oncology patients: An Indian prosthodontist's perspective. Cancer Res Stat Treat 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/crst.crst_279_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
|
49
|
Nair S. We need a paradigm shift in oncology nursing. Cancer Res Stat Treat 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/crst.crst_366_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
|