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Chen Z, Huang L, Liu Y, Yoshikuni Y, Tanaka K, Long Y. Extension of Japan's Prefectural Emission Accounting and Enrichment of Socioeconomic Data from 1990 to 2020. Sci Data 2024; 11:489. [PMID: 38734706 PMCID: PMC11088678 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03316-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
With the continuous increase in carbon dioxide emissions due to human activities and the resulting severe climate issues, there is global concern about energy conservation and emission reduction. However, detailed data on energy consumption and emissions at a fine-grained scale, particularly regarding spatial dimensions and sector-specific emissions, remains insufficient and in need of refinement and timely updates. In Japan, following the Fukushima nuclear disaster, there has been a significant shift from nuclear power generation to reliance on fossil fuels across various sectors, highlighting disparities in emissions data across different regions and industries. Our work extends the emissions time series for Japan's 47 prefectures, incorporating their socioeconomic characteristics over a broader time frame and with a more detailed sectoral classification. The emissions inventory, covering the period from 1990 to 2020, is based on the consumption of the three main fossil fuels across 32 sectors, with emissions carefully allocated for regional power generation. This dataset, presented in a unified format, is expanded to include longer time scales and more detailed socioeconomic data. It is anticipated to offer crucial insights for establishing regional emission reduction targets and identifying sectoral priorities for decarbonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Chen
- Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Liqiao Huang
- Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yang Liu
- Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- School of International Trade and Economics, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, 100029, China
| | | | - Kenji Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yin Long
- Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Elshamy RA, Eladl AM, Zaitoun MF. Climatic changes: knowledge and adaptation behavior to heat-related illness among solid waste disposal workers. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 2024; 99:9. [PMID: 38705924 PMCID: PMC11070406 DOI: 10.1186/s42506-024-00155-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Earth's climate changes are progressing at an alarming rate. One of the most severe effects of climate change is extreme heat. This study aimed to assess knowledge and adaptation behavior to heat-related illness (HRI) among solid waste disposal workers in the 10th of Ramadan City, Egypt, and to study the predictors for their knowledge and adaptation behavior. METHODS An exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted on 220 solid waste disposal workers. A structured interview questionnaire was used to assess the studied workers' sociodemographic and occupational characteristics, heat exposure risk, and their knowledge, and adaptation behavior. RESULTS The results showed that 40% and 30% of participants had adequate levels of total knowledge and adaptation behavior, respectively. There was a statistically significant relationship between workers' knowledge and both age and education. There was a statistically significant relationship between workers' adaptation behavior and age, duration of employment, working hours, and education. A binary logistic regression for significant predictors of knowledge and adaptation behavior showed that age and education were the most significant predictors. CONCLUSION Solid waste disposal workers were at high risk of HRI due to their low levels of knowledge and adaptation behavior regarding HRI. Educational health programs that guide workers to follow healthy behaviors and prevent HRI are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghda A Elshamy
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Afaf M Eladl
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mona F Zaitoun
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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3
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N SVSC, Xu Z. Heat and health of occupational workers: a short summary of literature. J Occup Health 2024; 66:uiae018. [PMID: 38604180 PMCID: PMC11131018 DOI: 10.1093/joccuh/uiae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, occupational workers suffer various health impacts due to extreme heat. In this short review, we examine the literature discussing health impacts of heat on occupational workers, and then discuss certain individual and institutional measures needed to address the problem. Though the available literature in the recent decade discusses health impacts of heat on workers as various heat-related illnesses, we found very few studies examining how occupational workers suffer from issues concerning cardiovascular health, neurological health, respiratory health, and mental health. In this regard, we highlight the need for more studies to examine how occupational workers exposed to extreme heat conditions suffer from fatal health issues like cardiovascular attack, brain stroke, and other ailments impacting vital organs of the body. Occupational workers across the world should be made aware of measures to protect themselves from extreme heat. Further, countries should develop occupational heat safety guidelines with statutory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Venkata Sarath Chandra N
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Parklands Drive, Southport, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Parklands Drive, Southport, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, QLD 4222, Australia
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Habibi P, Heydari A, Dehghan H, Moradi A, Moradi G. Climate Change and Occupational Heat Strain Among Women Workers: A Systematic Review. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2024; 28:4-17. [PMID: 38783874 PMCID: PMC11111142 DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_320_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change increases heat stress exposure and occupational heat strain in tropical and subtropical regions with generally hot-humid climate conditions. The present systematic review was conducted to assess the effect of climate change on occupational heat strain among women workers. In this study, three main databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched to find relevant literature on climate change and its effects using subject headings and appropriate MeSh terms. This article has been written according to the PRISMA checklist. A total of 6,176 studies were identified for screening and 13 studies were eligible for data extraction. Scientific evidence reveals that there is an imprecise but positive relationship between climate change and occupational heat strain regarding women workers. Some complications associated with occupational heat strain among women workers include fatigue, discomfort, dehydration, reduced brain function, and loss of concentration. Climate change can lead to an increase in the occurrence of heat-related illnesses and the levels of injury risk. In addition, its adverse health effects on women workers are mentioned. This systematic study identifies key priorities for action to better characterize and understand how occupational heat strain among women workers may be associated with climate change events. Strong evidence indicates that climate change will continue to cause occupational heat strain among women workers. It is essential to implement preventive measures considering multidisciplinary strategies to reduce the adverse effects of climate change on women workers health in hot weather settings. This can limit the health risks and negative effects of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peymaneh Habibi
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahad Heydari
- Department of Health in Disaster and Emergencies, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Habibollah Dehghan
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Moradi
- Safety and Risk Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Gholamreza Moradi
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Borg MA, Xiang J, Anikeeva O, Ostendorf B, Varghese B, Dear K, Pisaniello D, Hansen A, Zander K, Sim MR, Bi P. Current and projected heatwave-attributable occupational injuries, illnesses, and associated economic burden in Australia. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116852. [PMID: 37558113 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The costs of global warming are substantial. These include expenses from occupational illnesses and injuries (OIIs), which have been associated with increases during heatwaves. This study estimated retrospective and projected future heatwave-attributable OIIs and their costs in Australia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Climate and workers' compensation claims data were extracted from seven Australian capital cities representing OIIs from July 2005 to June 2018. Heatwaves were defined using the Excess Heat Factor. OIIs and associated costs were estimated separately per city and pooled to derive national estimates. Results were projected to 2030 (2016-2045) and 2050 (2036-2065). RESULTS The risk of OIIs and associated costs increased during heatwaves, with the risk increasing during severe and particularly extreme heatwaves. Of all OIIs, 0.13% (95% empirical confidence interval [eCI]: 0.11-0.16%) were heatwave-attributable, equivalent to 120 (95%eCI:70-181) OIIs annually. 0.25% of costs were heatwave-attributable (95%eCI: 0.18-0.34%), equal to $AU4.3 (95%eCI: 1.4-7.4) million annually. Estimates of heatwave-attributable OIIs by 2050, under Representative Concentration Pathway [RCP]4.5 and RCP8.5, were 0.17% (95%eCI: 0.10-0.27%) and 0.23% (95%eCI: 0.13-0.37%), respectively. National costs estimates for 2030 under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 were 0.13% (95%eCI: 0.27-0.46%) and 0.04% (95%eCI: 0.66-0.60), respectively. These estimates for extreme heatwaves were 0.04% (95%eCI: 0.02-0.06%) and 0.04% (95%eCI: 0.01-0.07), respectively. Cost-AFs in 2050 were, under RCP4.5, 0.127% (95%eCI: 0.27-0.46) for all heatwaves and 0.04% (95%eCI: 0.01-0.09%) for extreme heatwaves. Attributable fractions were approximately similar to baseline when assuming theoretical climate adaptation. DISCUSSION Heatwaves represent notable and preventable portions of preventable OIIs and economic burden. OIIs are likely to increase in the future, and costs during extreme heatwaves in 2030. Workplace and public health policies aimed at heat adaptation can reduce heat-attributable morbidity and costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Borg
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, 50 Rundle Mall, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Jianjun Xiang
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, 50 Rundle Mall, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xue Yuan Road, Minhou Campus, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350122, China
| | - Olga Anikeeva
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, 50 Rundle Mall, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Bertram Ostendorf
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Adelaide, 57 North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Blesson Varghese
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, 50 Rundle Mall, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Keith Dear
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, 50 Rundle Mall, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Dino Pisaniello
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, 50 Rundle Mall, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Alana Hansen
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, 50 Rundle Mall, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Kerstin Zander
- Northern Institute, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Sim
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, The Alfred Centre, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Peng Bi
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, 50 Rundle Mall, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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Wuersch L, Neher A, Marino FE, Bamberry L, Pope R. Impacts of Climate Change on Work Health and Safety in Australia: A Scoping Literature Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:7004. [PMID: 37947561 PMCID: PMC10650313 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20217004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
This scoping review explores the extant literature on climate change impacts on Workplace Health and Safety (WHS) in Australia. It maps the coverage of climate hazards, occupations at risk, and health and socio-economic impacts with the aim of identifying climate change impacts on WHS in Australia and associated knowledge gaps. We used a scoping review approach to identify and investigate 41 scholarly works at the nexus between climate change and WHS in Australia. Thematic template analysis and the NVivo software helped us identify and structure the main themes and systematically document the analysis process. The review highlighted a research focus on the impacts on WHS of heat and extreme weather events resulting from climate change. Agriculture and construction emerged as the most examined occupations, emphasising climate-related diseases and productivity loss. Other climate-related hazards, occupations, and health and socio-economic impacts were largely overlooked in the included research literature. The analysis revealed there is scope for further research relating to climate change impacts on occupational hazards (e.g., air pollution), occupations (e.g., indoor settings at risk), worker health (e.g., injuries), and socio-economic impacts (e.g., change in social practice). Furthermore, the results highlight that the main themes (hazards, occupations, health, and productivity) are interconnected, and the impacts of climate change can be 'cascading', adding complexity and severity. Hence, it is important to look at WHS as a multifaceted phenomenon in a holistic way to understand the risks and support required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Wuersch
- School of Business, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia
| | - Alain Neher
- School of Business, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia
| | - Frank E. Marino
- Research Group for Human Adaptation, Exercise & Health, School of Allied Health, Exercise & Sports Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW 2640, Australia
| | - Larissa Bamberry
- School of Business, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW 2640, Australia
| | - Rodney Pope
- School of Allied Health, Exercise & Sports Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW 2640, Australia
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Debela MB, Begosaw AM, Deyessa N, Azage M. The Burdens of Occupational Heat Exposure-related Symptoms and Contributing Factors Among Workers in Sugarcane Factories in Ethiopia: Heat Stress Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Meter. Saf Health Work 2023; 14:325-331. [PMID: 37822459 PMCID: PMC10562153 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heat stress is a harmful physical hazard in many occupational settings. However, consequences of occupational heat exposure among workers in a sugarcane factory in Ethiopia are not well characterized. This study aimed to assess the level of occupational heat exposure-related symptoms and contributing factors. Methods In this cross-sectional study, five workstations were selected for temperature measurement. Heat stress levels were measured using a wet-bulb globe temperature index meter. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select 1,524 participants. Heat-related symptoms were assessed using validated questionnaires. Results The level of occupational heat exposure was 72.4% (95% CI: 70.2%-74.8%), while 71.6% (95% CI: 69.3%-74.9%) of participants experienced at least one symptom related to heat stress. The most common heat-related symptoms were swelling of hands and feet (78%), severe thirst (77.8%) and dry mouth (77.4%). The identified risk factors were a lack of reflective shields (AOR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.53, 3.17), not-enclosed extreme heat sources (AOR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.23, 2.51), a lack of access to shade (AOR: 9.62, 95% CI: 6.20, 14.92), and inappropriate protective clothing provision (AOR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.27, 2.71). Conclusions The burden of occupational heat exposure and heat-induced symptoms was high. Lack of reflective shields, the absence of enclosed extreme heat sources, a lack of access to shade, and inappropriate protective clothing provision were considerable attributes of heat stress. Therefore, the use of mechanical solutions to stop heat emissions at their sources and the key factors identified were areas for future intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitiku B. Debela
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia
| | - Achenef M. Begosaw
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia
| | - Negussie Deyessa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Schools of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis-Ababa University, Ethiopia
| | - Muluken Azage
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia
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Di Blasi C, Marinaccio A, Gariazzo C, Taiano L, Bonafede M, Leva A, Morabito M, Michelozzi P, de’ Donato FK. Effects of Temperatures and Heatwaves on Occupational Injuries in the Agricultural Sector in Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2781. [PMID: 36833478 PMCID: PMC9957348 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The effects of heat on health have been well documented, while less is known about the effects among agricultural workers. Our aim is to estimate the effects and impacts of heat on occupational injuries in the agricultural sector in Italy. Occupational injuries in the agricultural sector from the Italian national workers' compensation authority (INAIL) and daily mean air temperatures from Copernicus ERA5-land for a five-year period (2014-2018) were considered. Distributed lag non-linear models (DLNM) were used to estimate the relative risk and attributable injuries for increases in daily mean air temperatures between the 75th and 99th percentile and during heatwaves. Analyses were stratified by age, professional qualification, and severity of injury. A total of 150,422 agricultural injuries were considered and the overall relative risk of injury for exposure to high temperatures was 1.13 (95% CI: 1.08; 1.18). A higher risk was observed among younger workers (15-34 years) (1.23 95% CI: 1.14; 1.34) and occasional workers (1.25 95% CI: 1.03; 1.52). A total of 2050 heat-attributable injuries were estimated in the study period. Workers engaged in outdoor and labour-intensive activities in the agricultural sector are at greater risk of injury and these results can help target prevention actions for climate change adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Di Blasi
- Department of Epidemiology Lazio Regional Health Service, ASL ROMA 1, 00147 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marinaccio
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene Department, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Gariazzo
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene Department, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Taiano
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene Department, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Bonafede
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene Department, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Leva
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene Department, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Morabito
- Institute of Bioeconomy, National Research Council (IBE-CNR), 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Michelozzi
- Department of Epidemiology Lazio Regional Health Service, ASL ROMA 1, 00147 Rome, Italy
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Ferrari GN, Leal GCL, Thom de Souza RC, Galdamez EVC. Impact of climate change on occupational health and safety: A review of methodological approaches. Work 2022; 74:485-499. [PMID: 36314181 DOI: 10.3233/wor-211303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The working population is exposed daily to unavoidable climatic conditions due to their occupational settings. Effects of the weather such as rain, heat, and air pollution may increase the risk of diseases, injuries, accidents, and even death during labor. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to summarize the impacts of climate change on workers' health, safety and performance, identifying the risks, affected workplaces and the range of methodological approaches used to assess this problem. METHODS A thorough systematic mapping was conducted in seven scientific international databases: Emerald, IEEE Xplore, Science Direct, Scielo, Scopus, SpringerLink, and Web of Science. Three research questions guided the extraction process resulting in 170 articles regarding the impacts of climate change on occupational health and safety. RESULTS We found an accentuated trend in observational studies applying primary and secondary data collection. Many studies focused on the association between rising temperatures and occupational hazards, mainly in outdoor work settings such as agriculture. The variation of temperature was the most investigated impact of climate change. CONCLUSIONS We established a knowledge base on how to explore the impacts of climate change on workers' well-being and health. Researchers and policymakers benefit from this review, which explores the suitable methods found in the literature and highlights the most recurring risks and their consequences to occupational health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Neto Ferrari
- Postgraduate Program in Production Engineering, Production Engineering Department, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Camila Lapasini Leal
- Postgraduate Program in Production Engineering, Production Engineering Department, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Edwin Vladimir Cardoza Galdamez
- Postgraduate Program in Production Engineering, Production Engineering Department, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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10
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Bonafede M, Levi M, Pietrafesa E, Binazzi A, Marinaccio A, Morabito M, Pinto I, de’ Donato F, Grasso V, Costantini T, Messeri A. Workers’ Perception Heat Stress: Results from a Pilot Study Conducted in Italy during the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19138196. [PMID: 35805854 PMCID: PMC9266050 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many workers are exposed to the effects of heat and often to extreme temperatures. Heat stress has been further aggravated during the COVID-19 pandemic by the use of personal protective equipment to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, workers’ risk perception of heat stress is often low, with negative effects on their health and productivity. The study aims to identify workers’ needs and gaps in knowledge, suggesting the adaptation of measures that best comply with the needs of both workers and employers. A cross-sectional online questionnaire survey was conducted in Italy in the hottest months of 2020 (June–October) through different multimedia channels. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics; analytical tests and analysis of variance were used to evaluate differences between groups of workers. In total, 345 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The whole sample of respondents declared that heat is an important contributor to productivity loss and 83% of workers did not receive heat warnings from their employer. In this context, the internet is considered as the main source of information about heat-related illness in the workplace. Results highlight the need to increase workers’ perception of heat stress in the workplace to safeguard their health and productivity. About two-thirds of the sample stated that working in the sun without access to shaded areas, working indoors without adequate ventilation, and nearby fire, steam, and hot surfaces, represent the main injuries’ risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bonafede
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene Department, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), 00143 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (E.P.); (A.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Miriam Levi
- Epidemiology Unit, Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority Tuscany Centre, 50135 Florence, Italy;
| | - Emma Pietrafesa
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene Department, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), 00143 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (E.P.); (A.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessandra Binazzi
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene Department, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), 00143 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (E.P.); (A.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessandro Marinaccio
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene Department, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), 00143 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (E.P.); (A.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Marco Morabito
- Institute of Bioeconomy, National Research Council (IBE-CNR), 50019 Florence, Italy;
| | - Iole Pinto
- Physical Agents Sector, Regional Public Health Laboratory, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Francesca de’ Donato
- Department of Epidemiology Lazio Regional Health Service, ASL ROMA 1, 00147 Rome, Italy; (F.d.D.); (T.C.)
| | - Valentina Grasso
- LaMMA Consortium—Weather Forecaster and Researcher at Laboratory of Monitoring and Environmental Modelling for Sustainable Development, 50019 Florence, Italy;
| | - Tiziano Costantini
- Department of Epidemiology Lazio Regional Health Service, ASL ROMA 1, 00147 Rome, Italy; (F.d.D.); (T.C.)
| | - Alessandro Messeri
- LaMMA Consortium—Weather Forecaster and Researcher at Laboratory of Monitoring and Environmental Modelling for Sustainable Development, 50019 Florence, Italy;
- Climate and Sustainability Foundation, 50100 Florence, Italy
- AMPRO—Professional Weather Association, 00142 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-522-6041
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11
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Fatima SH, Rothmore P, Giles LC, Bi P. Outdoor ambient temperatures and occupational injuries and illnesses: Are there risk differences in various regions within a city? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 826:153945. [PMID: 35189241 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increased risk of occupational injuries and illnesses (OI) is associated with hot ambient temperatures. However, the existing evidence of risk estimation is limited to large regions at the city or provincial scales. For effective and localized occupational health risk management, spatio-temporal analysis should be carried out at the intra-city level to identify high-risk areas within cities. This study examined the exposure-response relationship between ambient temperatures and OI at the intra-city scale in Greater Adelaide, Australia. Vulnerable groups of workers, in terms of workers' characteristics, the nature of their work, and workplace characteristics were identified. Further, the projected risk of OI was quantified in various climate change scenarios. The temperature-OI association was estimated using a time-series study design combined with Distributed Lag Non-linear Models. Daily workers' compensation claims (2005-2018) were merged with 5 km gridded meteorological data of maximum temperature (°C) at Statistical Area Level 3 in Greater Adelaide. Region-wise subgroup analyses were conducted to identify vulnerable groups of workers. Future projections (2006-2100) were conducted using downscaled climate projections and the risk was quantified using log-linear extrapolation. The analyses were performed in R 4.1.0. The overall OI risk was 16.7% (95%CI: 10.8-23.0) at moderate heat (90th percentile) and increased to 25.0% (95%CI: 16.4-34.2) at extreme heat (99th percentile). Northern Adelaide had a higher risk of OI for all types of workers at moderate heat, while western regions had a high risk for indoor industries. Southern and eastern regions had a higher OI risk for males, older workers, and outdoor industries at extreme heat. The projected risk of OI is estimated to increase from 20.8% (95%CI: -0.2-46.3) in 2010s to 22.9% (95%CI: -8.0-64.1) by 2050s. Spatio-temporal risk assessment at the intra-city scale can help us identify high-risk areas, where targeted interventions can be efficiently employed to reduce the socio-economic burden of OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Hira Fatima
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Paul Rothmore
- School of Allied Health Science and Practice, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lynne C Giles
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peng Bi
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Khorsandi M, Dehghan SF, Pirposhteh EA, Abbasinia M, Afshari M, Ghanadzadeh M, Asghari M. Development and validation of assessment tool of knowledge, attitude, and practice of outdoor workers regarding heat stress. Work 2022; 71:671-680. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-205297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Improving the level of knowledge, attitude and practices of workers exposed to heat stress using a suitable tool can be a cheap and effective method. This requires the consideration of personal, environmental and social factors, which, the PRECEDE model is highly applicable for. Thus, the aim of the present study is the development of a tool assessment for measuring the knowledge, attitude and practices of workers in outdoor occupations regarding heat stress exposure using the PRECEDE model. METHODS: In the present study, a tool was designed and constructed using the PRECEDE model by analyzing the relevant literature and expert opinion. The face validity of the tool was determined based on the opinion of ten experts with experience in the field of occupational weather conditions. The content validity of the tool was determined using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and the Content Validity Index (CVI). Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the tool’s internal consistency. SPSS version 23 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: A PRECEDE based questionnaire was designed with a total of 55 questions consisting of predisposing factors (28 questions for knowledge and 14 questions for attitude), enabling factors (5 questions), reinforcing factors (3 questions) and preventive behaviors (5 questions). The Content Validity Index (CVI) of all questions was above 0.79. The Content Validity Ratio (CVR) of all questions was above 0.62 (Lawshe method). The Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient of all PRECEDE domains were above the 0.7 acceptable value. Based on the results obtained, all 55 questions were approved and thus the content validity and reliability of this tool was deemed acceptable. CONCLUSION: Considering the reliability and validity of this tool, its application is recommended in all health and safety inspections within various industries for measuring the heat stress knowledge, attitude and practices of workers engaged in outdoor occupations and also for presenting suitable solutions or preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Khorsandi
- Health Education and Promotion, Department of Health, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Somayeh Farhang Dehghan
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Akhlaghi Pirposhteh
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Abbasinia
- Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Afshari
- Health Education and Promotion. Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammadjavad Ghanadzadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mehdi Asghari
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Public Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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Sirisawasd S, Homkham N, Taptagaporn S, Kaewdok T. Risk Factors Related to Perceived Hot Conditions on Outdoor Farms Among Thai Elderly Farmers With Chronic Diseases. J UOEH 2022; 44:229-238. [PMID: 36089340 DOI: 10.7888/juoeh.44.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Working on outdoor farms affects elderly farmers' health, especially those who have chronic diseases. This study aims to identify the risk factors related to perceived hot conditions on outdoor farms among elderly Thai farmers aged 60 years and older with chronic diseases. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 352 elderly farmers in nine sub-districts of Nong Suea District, Pathum Thani Province, Thailand via convenience sampling. Questionnaires were used as instruments to gather data about demographic and working factors. The risk factors associated with elderly Thai farmers' perceptions of hot conditions on outdoor farms were identified by using binary logistic regression. The most common chronic illnesses were hypertension (35.8%), heart disease (34.4%), and diabetes mellitus (24.5%). More than 60.5% of the participants perceived their hot conditions to be high. The results of binary logistic regression show that low income and work duration ≤8.0 hours per day were risk factors related to perceived hot conditions on outdoor farms (P value < 0.05). These findings may be used by relevant authorities to support elderly farmers by emphasizing the importance of individual and work-related factors. Relevant government agencies should consider formulating working standards in hot conditions specifically for elderly farm workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanpatchaya Sirisawasd
- Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University. Thailand
- Thammasat University, Research Unit in Occupational Ergonomics. Thailand
| | | | | | - Teeraphun Kaewdok
- Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University. Thailand
- Thammasat University, Research Unit in Occupational Ergonomics. Thailand
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Han SR, Wei M, Wu Z, Duan S, Chen X, Yang J, Borg MA, Lin J, Wu C, Xiang J. Perceptions of workplace heat exposure and adaption behaviors among Chinese construction workers in the context of climate change. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2160. [PMID: 34819067 PMCID: PMC8612823 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Workplace heat exposure can cause a series of heat-related illnesses and injuries. Protecting workers especially those undertake work outdoors from the risk of heat strain is a great challenge for many workplaces in China under the context of climate change. The aim of this study is to investigate the perceptions and adaptation behaviors of heat exposure among construction workers and to provide evidence for the development of targeted heat adaptation strategies nationally and internationally. Methods In 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional online questionnaire survey via WeChat Survey Star in China, using a purposive snowball sampling approach. A total of 326 construction workers submitted completed questionnaires. The perceptions of workplace heat exposure were measured using seven indicators: concerns over high temperature, perception of high temperature injury, attitudes towards both heat-related training and regulations, adjustment of working habits during heat, heat prevention measures in the workplace, and reduction of work efficiency. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to identify the factors significantly associated with workers’ heat perceptions and behavioral responses. Results 33.3% of the respondents were moderately or very concerned about heat exposure in the workplace. Less than half of the workers (43.8%) were worried about heat-related injuries. Workers who have either experienced work-related injuries (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.03–1.62) or witnessed injuries to others during high temperatures (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.02–1.27) were more concerned about heat exposure compared to other workers. Most respondents (63.5%) stated that their work efficiency declined during extremely hot weather. The factors significantly associated with a reduction of work efficiency included undertaking physically demanding jobs (OR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.07–1.54) and witnessing other workers’ injuries during high temperatures (OR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.11–1.43). More than half of the workers were willing to adjust their work habits to adapt to the impact of high temperatures (81.6%). The internet was the most common method to obtain heat prevention information (44.7%), and the most frequently used heat prevention measure was the provision of cool drinking water (64.8%). Conclusions Chinese construction workers lack heat risk awareness and are not well prepared for the likely increasing heat exposure in the workplace due to global warming. Therefore, there is a need to improve their awareness of heat-related injuries, strengthen high temperature related education and training, and update the current heat prevention policies to ensure compliance and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Rong Han
- International Business School, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Chang'an District, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Mingru Wei
- International Business School, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Chang'an District, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhifeng Wu
- International Business School, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Chang'an District, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shanshan Duan
- International Business School, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Chang'an District, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiangzhe Chen
- International Business School, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Chang'an District, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jiayuan Yang
- International Business School, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Chang'an District, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Matthew A Borg
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace Campus, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Jinfeng Lin
- Fujian Center for Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases and Chemical Poisoning, No. 107, Hutou Street, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350025, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chuancheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, No.1, North Xuefu Road, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Jianjun Xiang
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace Campus, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia. .,Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, No.1, North Xuefu Road, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian Province, China.
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15
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Nunfam VF, Afrifa-Yamoah E, Adusei-Asante K, Van Etten EJ, Frimpong K, Mensah IA, Oosthuizen J. Construct validity and invariance assessment of the social impacts of occupational heat stress scale (SIOHSS) among Ghanaian mining workers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:144911. [PMID: 33736178 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heat exposure studies over the last decade have shown little attention in assessing and reporting the psychometric properties of the various scales used to measure impacts of occupational heat stress on workers. A descriptive cross-sectional survey including 320 small- and large-scale mining workers was employed to assess the construct validity of the social impacts of occupational heat stress scale (SIOHSS) in the Western Region of Ghana in 2017. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and invariance analysis were carried out using AMOS version 25 and statistical product and service solutions (SPSS) version 26 to examine the model fit and establish consistency correspondingly across multiple groups (gender, age, working hours, type of mining and workplace setting). Empirically, our results depicted that effects on health and safety, behavioural, productivity and social well-being were each found to be reliable, with Cronbach's α of 0.722, 0.807, 0.852 and 0.900 respectively. Though there were issues of insufficient discriminant validity as some average variance extract (AVE) were smaller than the corresponding maximum shared variance (MSV), the CFA showed good model fit indices (CFI = 0.856, GFI = 0.890, TLI = 0.863, SRMR = 0.08, RMSEA = 0.08). Also, the model was variant for all constrained aspects of the structural model indicating a requirement for an adaptation of the instrument across groups. The good to moderate internal consistency and construct validity of the SIOHSS is adequate evidence for the confidence required for its reliability and accuracy in measuring the social impacts of occupational heat stress on workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Fannam Nunfam
- School of Arts and Humanities, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Takoradi Technical University, Takoradi, Western Region, Ghana.
| | | | - Kwadwo Adusei-Asante
- School of Arts and Humanities, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | | | - Kwasi Frimpong
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration, Accra, Greater Accra Region, Ghana.
| | | | - Jacques Oosthuizen
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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Nunfam VF. Mixed methods study into social impacts of work-related heat stress on Ghanaian mining workers: A pragmatic research approach. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06918. [PMID: 34013081 PMCID: PMC8113709 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mixed methods research proves significant in understanding complex social phenomenon, inadequate research has explored its utility in heat exposure studies. The convergent mixed methods analysis comprising 320 surveys and two focus group interviews were used to evaluate the social impacts of occupational heat stress on Ghanaian mineworkers to enlighten policy choices for the purpose of complementarity. The study contributes to mixed methods study by affirming the practical use of between-method triangulation and complementarity. The merged quantitative and qualitative results also showed adequate corroboration and complementarity between both data, to illustrate the social impacts of work-related heat stress on mining workers as heat-related comorbidity, productive capacity loss, anxiety, slow pace of work, and inadequate social well-being. The mixed methods results would inform policy options on the health and safety of work settings, managing occupational heat stress, and adaptation guidelines in the mining industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Fannam Nunfam
- Takoradi Technical University, Western Region, Ghana
- School of Arts and Humanities, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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17
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Nunfam VF, Adusei-Asante K, Frimpong K, Van Etten EJ, Oosthuizen J. Barriers to occupational heat stress risk adaptation of mining workers in Ghana. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2020; 64:1085-1101. [PMID: 32130507 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-020-01882-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing temperature and climate warming impacts are aggravating the vulnerability of workers to occupational heat stress. Adaptation and social protection strategies have become crucial to enhance workers' health, safety, productive capacity and social lives. However, the effective implementation of work-related heat stress adaptation mechanisms appears to be receiving little attention. This study assessed the barriers to occupational heat stress adaptation and social protection strategies of mining workers in Ghana. Based on a mixed methods approach, focus group discussions and questionnaires were used to elicit data from 320 mining workers. Workers' adaptation strategies (water intake, wearing loose and light-coloured clothing, participating in training programmes, taking regular breaks, use of mechanical equipment, use of cooling systems and housing designs) varied significantly across the type of mining activity (p < .001). Workers' social protection measures were adequate. The disparities in workers' social protection measures significantly differed across the type of mining activity (p < .001). Barriers of workers to the implementation of relevant adaptation strategies (inadequate knowledge of coping and adaptive behaviour, lack of regular training on adaptation measures, lack of specific heat-related policy regulations, lack of management commitment and the lack of access to innovative technology and equipment) also differed across the type of mining activity (p < .001). Adaptation policy options and recommendations centred on overcoming the barriers that constrain the adaptive capacity of workers and employers have the potential to reduce workers' vulnerability to occupational heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Fannam Nunfam
- Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
- Takoradi Technical University, Takoradi, Western Region, Ghana.
- , Joondalup, Australia.
| | | | - Kwasi Frimpong
- Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration, Accra, Greater Accra Region, Ghana
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18
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Varghese BM, Hansen AL, Williams S, Bi P, Hanson-Easey S, Barnett AG, Heyworth JS, Sim MR, Rowett S, Nitschke M, Di Corleto R, Pisaniello DL. Determinants of heat-related injuries in Australian workplaces: Perceptions of health and safety professionals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 718:137138. [PMID: 32086083 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hot workplace environments can lead to adverse health effects and contribute to a range of injuries. However, there is limited contextual understanding of heat-related injury occurrence. Gaining the perspectives of occupational health and safety professionals (HSPs) may elucidate the issue and inform targeted interventions. METHODS A cross-sectional national online survey was conducted in Australia to characterise HSP perceptions of heat-related injuries; current preventive measures; training, policies and guidelines; and perspectives on barriers for prevention. Results were analysed descriptively and a log-Poisson regression model was used to identify risk factors associated with HSP reported injury occurrence, assessed through prevalence ratio (PR). RESULTS Of the 307 HSP survey participants, 74% acknowledged the potential for increased risk of occupational injuries in hot weather. A variety of injury types and mechanisms were reported, including manual handling injuries, hand injuries, wounds or lacerations, and loss of control of power tools. Correlates of reported heat-related injuries included working in the sun without shade [PR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.07-1.48] and too few rest breaks [PR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.04-1.44]. Other factors of significance were inadequate hydration; issues with personal protective equipment (PPE) and poor supervision of workers. Only 42% reported that adequate heat training was available and 54% reported the provision for outdoor work to cease in extreme temperatures. It was acknowledged that the frequency of injuries could be reduced with wider adoption of self-pacing, and work/rest regimes. Perceived barriers for prevention included: lack of awareness of physical injury risks, and management concerns about productivity loss and/or deadlines. CONCLUSION The findings indicate a range of potentially modifiable work and organisational risk factors such as more suitable PPE and better supervision. More attention to these factors, in conjunction with traditional interventions to reduce heat effects, could enhance injury prevention and labour productivity in people working in hot environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blesson M Varghese
- The University of Adelaide, School of Public Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alana L Hansen
- The University of Adelaide, School of Public Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Susan Williams
- The University of Adelaide, School of Public Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Peng Bi
- The University of Adelaide, School of Public Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Scott Hanson-Easey
- The University of Adelaide, School of Public Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Adrian G Barnett
- School of Public Health and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jane S Heyworth
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Sim
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, The Alfred Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Shelley Rowett
- SafeWork SA, Government of South Australia, 33 Richmond Road, Keswick, SA, Australia
| | - Monika Nitschke
- Department for Health and Wellbeing, Government of South Australia, 11 Hindmarsh Square, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Dino L Pisaniello
- The University of Adelaide, School of Public Health, Adelaide, Australia.
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RICCÒ M, VEZZOSI L, BALZARINI F, ODONE A, SIGNORELLI C. Air temperatures and occupational injuries in the construction industries: a report from Northern Italy (2000-2013). INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2020; 58:182-192. [PMID: 31548469 PMCID: PMC7118059 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2018-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between environmental temperatures and occupational injuries (OIs) in construction workers (CWs) from a subalpine region of North-Eastern Italy. Data about OIs from 2000 to 2013, and daily weather for the specific site of the events were retrieved. Risk for daily OIs was calculate through a Poisson regression model. Estimated daily incidence for OIs was 5.7 (95%CI 5.5-5.8), or 2.8 OIs/10,000 workers/d (95%CI 2.7-2.9), with higher rates for time periods characterized by high temperatures (daily maximum ≥35°C), both in first 2 d (3.57, 95%CI 3.05-4.11) and from the third day onwards (i.e. during Heat Waves: 3.43, 95%CI 3.08-3.77). Higher risk for OIs was reported in days characterized temperatures ≥95th percentile (OR 1.145, 95%CI 1.062-1.235), summer days (daily maximum ≥25°C , OR 1.093, 95%CI 1.042-1.146). On the contrary, no significant increased risk was found for OIs having a more severe prognosis (≥40 d or more; death). In conclusion, presented findings recommend policymakers to develop appropriate procedures and guidelines, in particular aimed to improve the compliance of younger CWs towards severe-hot daily temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo RICCÒ
- AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Department of Prevention, Provincial Agency for Health
Services (APSS) of the Autonomous Province of Trento, Italy
| | - Luigi VEZZOSI
- Prevention of Infectious Disease Unit, Health Protection
Agency Val Padana, Italy
| | | | - Anna ODONE
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University,
Italy
- Clinical Epidemiology and HTA Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele
Scientific Institute, Italy
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RICCò M, RAZIO B, POLETTI L, PANATO C, BALZARINI F, MEZZOIUSO A, VEZZOSI L. Risk perception of heat related disorders on the workplaces: a survey among health and safety representatives from the autonomous province of Trento, Northeastern Italy. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2020; 61:E48-E59. [PMID: 32490269 PMCID: PMC7225649 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2020.61.1.727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction This study will investigate knowledge, attitude and practices towards heat-related health issues in a sample of safety representatives from Northern Italy (H&SRs). Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in 2016-2017 among 298 H&SR. Knowledge status was measured both in general but as well and focusing on first-aid issues. Assessment of risk perception included severity and frequency of heat-related events. Multivariate logistic regression analysis assessed individual and work-related characteristics associated with H&SRs’ risk perception. Results 258 questionnaires were retrieved (participation rate 86.6%; mean age 48.2 ± 8.4 years). Knowledge status was relatively good on technical/preventive issues (62.3% ± 16.8) and first aid measures (72.6% ± 27.2), but a large share of respondents ignored the risk from exertional heat stroke (35.9%), and for heat strokes elicited by non-environmental heat (e.g. machineries, use of protective equipment, etc. 47.9%). The majority of respondents acknowledged the high frequency of extreme events like heat waves (62.0%), but only 44.6% agreed on their potential health threat, with an unsatisfying cumulative risk perception score (55.4% ± 23.5). A specific first-aid formation course was reported by 49.2% of respondents, while 10.9% had any previous interaction with heat-related disorders. Specific countermeasures for heat waves had been put in place by parent company in 20.1% of cases. Eventually, higher educational achievements (mOR 2.239, 95% CI 1.184-4.233) and a better general knowledge status (mOR 1.703, 95% CI 1.073-2.979) were positive predictors for higher risk perception. Conclusions Although H&SRs exhibited a good understanding of heat-related health issues, stakeholders should improve the implementation of specific countermeasures on the workplaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. RICCò
- AUSL- IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Department of Public Health, Service for Health and Safety in the Workplace, Reggio Emilia (RE), Italy
- Provincial Agency for Health Services (APSS) of the Autonomous Province of Trento; Department of Prevention, Operative Unit for Health and Safety in the Workplaces, Trento (TN), Italy
- Correspondence: Matteo Riccò, Department of Public Health, Service for Health and Safety in the Workplace, via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia (RE), Italy - Tel. +39 0522 837 587 - E-mail: /
| | - B. RAZIO
- University of Trento, First cycle degree in Environment and Workplace Prevention Techniques, Trento (TN), Italy
| | - L. POLETTI
- University of Trento, First cycle degree in Environment and Workplace Prevention Techniques, Trento (TN), Italy
| | - C. PANATO
- University of Trento, First cycle degree in Environment and Workplace Prevention Techniques, Trento (TN), Italy
| | - F. BALZARINI
- University “Vita e Salute”, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan (MI), Italy
| | - A.G. MEZZOIUSO
- University “Vita e Salute”, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan (MI), Italy
| | - L. VEZZOSI
- ASST di Cremona; Direzione Medica di Presidio, Cremona (Italy)
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Using a Qualitative Phenomenological Approach to Inform the Etiology and Prevention of Occupational Heat-Related Injuries in Australia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17030846. [PMID: 32013180 PMCID: PMC7036960 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence has shown an association between exposure to high temperatures and occupational injuries, an issue gaining importance with environmental change. The aim of this study was to better understand contributing risk factors and preventive actions based on personal experiences. Interviews were conducted with 21 workers from five Australian states using a critical phenomenological approach to capture the lived experiences of participants, whilst exploring contextual factors that surround these experiences. Two case studies are presented: a cerebrovascular injury and injuries among seasonal horticulture workers. Other accounts of heat-related injuries and heat stress are also presented. Risk factors were classified as individual, interpersonal and organizational. In terms of prevention, participants recommended greater awareness of heat risks and peer-support for co-workers. Adding value to current evidence, we have provided new insights into the etiology of the health consequences of workplace heat exposure with workers identifying a range of influencing factors, prevention measures and adaptation strategies. Underpinning the importance of these are future climate change scenarios, suggesting that extended hot seasons will lead to increasing numbers of workers at risk of heat-stress and associated occupational injuries.
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Carter S, Field E, Oppermann E, Brearley M. The impact of perceived heat stress symptoms on work-related tasks and social factors: A cross-sectional survey of Australia's Monsoonal North. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2020; 82:102918. [PMID: 31473500 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2019.102918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heat poses a significant occupational hazard for labour-intensive workers in hot and humid environments. Therefore, this study measured the prevalence of heat-stress symptoms and impact of heat exposure on labour-intensive industries within the Monsoonal North region of Australia. A cohort of 179 workers completed a questionnaire evaluating environmental exposure, chronic (recurring) and/or severe (synonymous with heat stroke) symptoms of heat stress, and impact within work and home settings. Workers reported both chronic (79%) and severe (47%) heat stress symptoms, with increased likelihood of chronic symptoms when exposed to heat sources (OR 1.5-1.8, p = 0.002-0.023) and decreased likelihood of both chronic and severe symptoms when exposed to air-conditioning (Chronic: OR 0.5, p = <0.001, Severe: OR 0.7, p = 0.019). Negative impacts of heat exposure were reported for both work and home environments (30-60% respectively), highlighting the need for mitigation strategies to reduce occupational heat stress in the Monsoonal North.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Carter
- Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, 0909, Australia.
| | - Emma Field
- Menzies School of Health Research, Level 1, 147 Wharf Street, Spring Hill, 4000, QLD, Australia; Australian National University, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, 62 Mills Road, Acton Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia.
| | - Elspeth Oppermann
- Northern Institute, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, 0909, Australia.
| | - Matt Brearley
- National Critical Care and Trauma Response Centre, Level 8 Royal Darwin Hospital, Rocklands Drive, Tiwi, 0810, NT, Australia; Thermal Hyperformance, PO Box 1356, Howard Springs, 0835, NT, Australia; Northern Institute, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, 0909, Australia.
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Nunfam VF, Adusei-Asante K, Van Etten EJ, Oosthuizen J, Adams S, Frimpong K. The nexus between social impacts and adaptation strategies of workers to occupational heat stress: a conceptual framework. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2019; 63:1693-1706. [PMID: 31385093 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-019-01775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Adverse effects of occupational heat stress in the context of the changing climate on working populations are subtle but considerably harmful. However, social dimensions and impacts of climate change-related occupational heat concerns on workers' safety and health, productivity and well-being are often overlooked or relegated as minor issues in social impact analyses of occupational heat exposure due to climate change. This paper offers a conceptual framework based on an appraisal and synthesis of the literature on social impacts of climate change-related occupational heat exposure on workers' safety and health, productivity and social welfare and the quest to localise and achieve sustainable development goals. A sustained global, national, institutional and individual collaborative involvement and financial support for research, improved adaptation and social protection strategies, predominantly in the developing world, where a large number of people work outdoors, can reduce heat exposure and boost the resilience and adaptive capacity of workers to facilitate efforts to achieve sustainable development goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Fannam Nunfam
- Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
- Takoradi Technical University, Takoradi, Western Region, Ghana.
| | | | | | | | - Samuel Adams
- Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration, Greenhill, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kwasi Frimpong
- Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration, Greenhill, Accra, Ghana
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Impacts of Climate Change on Outdoor Workers and their Safety: Some Research Priorities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16183458. [PMID: 31533360 PMCID: PMC6765781 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The literature on the potential impacts of climate change on the health of outdoor workers has received limited attention as a whole, and in sub-Saharan African countries in particular. Yet, substantial numbers of workers are experiencing the health effects of elevated temperature, in combination with changes in precipitation patterns, climate extremes and the effects of air pollution, which have a potential impact on their safety and wellbeing. With increased temperatures within urban settlements and frequent heats waves, there has been a sudden rise in the occurrence of heat-related illness leading to higher levels of mortality, as well as other adverse health impacts. This paper discusses the impacts of extreme heat exposure and health concerns among outdoor workers, and the resultant impacts on their productivity and occupational safety in tropical developing countries with a focus on Sub-Saharan Africa, where there is a dearth of such studies. Aside from the direct effects caused by extreme heat exposure, other indirect health hazards associated with increasing heat among this group includes exposures to hazardous chemicals and other vector-borne diseases. In addition, reduced work capacity in heat-exposed jobs will continue to rise and hinder economic and social development in such countries. There is an urgent need for further studies around the health and economic impacts of climate change in the workplace, especially in tropical developing countries, which may guide the implementation of the measures needed to address the problem.
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Runkle JD, Cui C, Fuhrmann C, Stevens S, Del Pinal J, Sugg MM. Evaluation of wearable sensors for physiologic monitoring of individually experienced temperatures in outdoor workers in southeastern U.S. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 129:229-238. [PMID: 31146157 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Climate-related increases in global mean temperature and the intensification of heat waves present a significant threat to outdoor workers. Limited research has been completed to assess the potential differences in heat exposures that exist between individuals within similar microenvironments. Yet, there is a paucity of individual data characterizing patterns of individually experienced temperatures in workers and the associated physiologic heat strain response. The objective of this study was to apply a wearable sensor-based approach to examine the occupational, environmental, and behavioral factors that contribute to individual-level variations in heat strain in grounds maintenance workers. Outdoor workers from three diverse climatic locations in the southeastern United States - high temperature, high temperature + high humidity, and moderate temperature environments - participated in personal heat exposure monitoring during a 5-day work period in the summer. We performed Cox proportional hazards modeling to estimate associations between multiple heat strain events per worker and changes in individually experienced temperatures. Heat strain risk was higher among workers with a place to cool-off, higher education, and who worked in hotter temperatures. A mismatch was observed between workers' perceptions of heat strain and actual heat strain prevalence across exposure groups. We also used a quasi-Poisson regression with distributed lag non-linear function to estimate the non-linear and lag effects of individually experienced temperatures on risk of heat strain. The association between increasing temperature and heat strain was nonlinear and exhibited an U-shaped relationship. Heat strain was less common during issued heat warnings demonstrating behavioral adaptive actions taken by workers. This study is one of the first temperature monitoring studies to quantify the individual-level exposure-response function in this vulnerable population and highlights the elevated risk of heat strain both immediately and several days after worker exposure to high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Runkle
- North Carolina Institute for Climate Studies, North Carolina State University, 151 Patton Avenue, Asheville, NC 28801, United States of America.
| | - Can Cui
- North Carolina Institute for Climate Studies, North Carolina State University, 151 Patton Avenue, Asheville, NC 28801, United States of America
| | - Chris Fuhrmann
- Department of Geosciences, Mississippi State University, 208 Hilbun Hall, MS 39762, United States of America
| | - Scott Stevens
- North Carolina Institute for Climate Studies, North Carolina State University, 151 Patton Avenue, Asheville, NC 28801, United States of America
| | - Jeff Del Pinal
- Grounds and Building Services, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7516, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Margaret M Sugg
- Department of Geography and Planning, Appalachian State University, P.O. Box 32066, Boone, NC 28608, United States of America
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26
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Budhathoki NK, Zander KK. Socio-Economic Impact of and Adaptation to Extreme Heat and Cold of Farmers in the Food Bowl of Nepal. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1578. [PMID: 31064089 PMCID: PMC6539874 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Farmers worldwide have to deal with increasing climate variability and weather extremes. Most of the previous research has focused on impacts on agricultural production, but little is known about the related social and economic impacts on farmers. In this study, we investigated the social and economic impact of extreme weather events (EWE) on farmers in Nepal, and explored how they coped with and adapted to heat waves and cold spells between 2012 and 2017. To address these aims, we conducted a survey of 350 farms randomly selected from the Bardiya and Banke districts of the Terai lowlands of Nepal. They were specifically asked to rate the impacts of extreme temperatures, as well as their effect on labour productivity and collective farmer health, and the detailed preventative measures they had implemented. About 84% of the farmers self-reported moderate or severe heat stress during the last five years, and about 85%, moderate or severe cold stress. Likewise, the majority of respondents reported that both farmer health and labour productivity had been compromised by EWEs. Productivity loss had a strong association with the perceived levels of heat and cold stress, which, in turn, were more likely to be reported by farmers with previous EWE experience. Potentially due to the increased care required during EWEs, those farmers with livestock reported increased heat and cold stress, as, surprisingly, did those who had implemented adaptation measures. Farmers seemed to be less prepared for potential threats of cold spells than heat waves, and therefore less likely to adopt coping strategies, since these are a recent phenomenon. This study identified some limitations. The cross sectional and self-reported data, as a common source of information to estimate health impact, level of heat/cold stress and labour productivity loss. Community-based education/community engagement programs could be developed to facilitate proactive adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanda Kaji Budhathoki
- Northern Institute, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Brinkin 0909, Darwin NT, Australia.
| | - Kerstin K Zander
- Northern Institute, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Brinkin 0909, Darwin NT, Australia.
- German Development Institute, 53113 Bonn, Germany.
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Riccò M, Vezzosi L, Bragazzi NL, Balzarini F. Heat-Related Illnesses among Pesticide Applicators in North-Eastern Italy (2017). J Agromedicine 2019; 25:52-64. [PMID: 31030624 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2019.1606745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Pesticide applicators (PAs) are potentially at high risk for developing heat-related illnesses (HRI). To identify HRI burden and potential targets for preventive interventions, a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was performed on a sample of PAs from North Eastern Italy.Methods: The study inquired about HRI knowledge and relative risk perception as cumulative sum scores and behavioral adaptations, including the use of sun protective equipment, both as dichotomous factors and cumulative scores. Participants rated the frequency of HRI symptoms during the previous warm season: three or more occurring at least once/month defined HRI status. Association of individual/behavioral factors with HRI status was assessed through binary regression analysis by calculating odds ratios (OR) with the respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). A linear regression analysis was performed assuming the sum of symptoms as the outcome variable.Results: Participating in the survey was 131 Pas (81.7% males; mean age 46.5 ± 13.9 years). Although knowledge status was good (73.6%±18.1), risk perception was quite low (34.4%±16.9). HRI status was reported by 41.2% of participants, and was associated with manual hoeing/weeding (OR:8.847 95%CI 1.882-41.579), pesticide application (OR:2.975 95%CI 1.185-42.035), and rests in shady, not air-conditioned areas (OR:5.491 95%CI 1.372-21.971); while in regression analysis the sum of sun protective habits was the only negative predictor for the sum of reported symptoms (B -0.014, 95%CI -0.235 to -0.026, p = 0.014).Conclusion: Our results stress the opportunity for raising the risk perception of PAs through specifically tailored interventions. The use of sun-protective equipment should be promoted as an effective method to counter HRI symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Riccò
- Local Health Unit of Reggio Emilia - Regional Health Service of Emilia Romagna, Department of Public Health, Service for Health and Safety in the Workplace, Reggio Emilia, RE, Italy.,Provincial Agency for Health Services (APSS) of the Autonomous Province of Trento, Department of Prevention, Operative Unit for Health and Safety in the Workplaces, Trento, TN, Italy
| | - Luigi Vezzosi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, NA, Italy.,Azienda Sanitaria dell'Alto Adige - Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica Comprensorio di Brunico, Servizio di Igiene e Sanità Pubblica, Brunico, BZ, Italy
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Postgraduate School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Messeri A, Morabito M, Bonafede M, Bugani M, Levi M, Baldasseroni A, Binazzi A, Gozzini B, Orlandini S, Nybo L, Marinaccio A. Heat Stress Perception among Native and Migrant Workers in Italian Industries-Case Studies from the Construction and Agricultural Sectors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16071090. [PMID: 30934675 PMCID: PMC6479923 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16071090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Climate change will increase the frequency and severity of hazard events such as heat waves, with important effects in several European regions. It is of importance to consider overall effects as well as specific impact on vulnerable population groups such as outdoor workers. The agricultural and construction sectors represent two strategic occupational fields that in relatively recent years involve an increasing number of migrant workers, and therefore require a better management of cultural aspects, that may interact with and impact on heat-related health risk. For this reason, the present study evaluated heat-stress perception and management among native and immigrant workers in Europe. As part of the EU’s Horizon 2020 HEAT-SHIELD project (grant agreement No. 668786), two agricultural and one construction companies, traditionally employing migrant workers, were evaluated with a questionnaire survey during the summer months of 2017. The data collected (104 case studies) were analyzed using descriptive statistics (Chi-squared tests) and the analysis of variance was performed with ANOVA test. From the results, migrant workers declared that work required greater effort than do native Italian workers (χ2 = 17.1, p = 0.001) but reported less impact from heat on productivity (χ2 = 10.6; p = 0.014) and thermal discomfort. In addition, migrant workers were mainly informed through written or oral communications, while native workers received information on heat-health issues through training courses. These findings are of importance for future information and mitigation actions to address socio-cultural gaps and reduce heat-stress vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Messeri
- Centre of Bioclimatology (CIBIC), University of Florence (UNIFI), 50144 Florence, Italy.
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence (UNIFI), 50144 Florence, Italy.
| | - Marco Morabito
- Centre of Bioclimatology (CIBIC), University of Florence (UNIFI), 50144 Florence, Italy.
- Institute of Biometeorology, National Research Council (IBIMET-CNR), 50145 Florence, Italy.
| | - Michela Bonafede
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene Department, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marcella Bugani
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene Department, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Miriam Levi
- Tuscany Regional Centre for Occupational Injuries and Diseases (CeRIMP), 50135 Florence, Italy.
| | - Alberto Baldasseroni
- Tuscany Regional Centre for Occupational Injuries and Diseases (CeRIMP), 50135 Florence, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Binazzi
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene Department, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Bernardo Gozzini
- Tuscany Region, LaMMA Consortium, Weather Forecaster and Researcher at Laboratory of Monitoring and Environmental Modelling for Sustainable Development, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy.
| | - Simone Orlandini
- Centre of Bioclimatology (CIBIC), University of Florence (UNIFI), 50144 Florence, Italy.
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence (UNIFI), 50144 Florence, Italy.
| | - Lars Nybo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section for Integrative Physiology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Alessandro Marinaccio
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene Department, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), 00143 Rome, Italy.
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Nunfam VF, Oosthuizen J, Adusei-Asante K, Van Etten EJ, Frimpong K. Perceptions of climate change and occupational heat stress risks and adaptation strategies of mining workers in Ghana. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 657:365-378. [PMID: 30550901 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Heavy physical workload for long hours coupled with increasing workplace heat exposure due to rising temperatures stemming from climate change, especially where there are inadequate prevention and control policies, adversely affect workers' health and safety, productive capacity and social well-being. However, variations in workers' concerns and awareness of occupational heat stress and climate change risks impede the effectiveness of heat stress management. A mixed method approach was used to assess climate change perceptions and occupational heat stress risks and adaptation strategies of Ghanaian mining workers. Questionnaires and focus group discussions were used to collect data from 320 respondents. Quantitative and qualitative approaches were used for data analysis. Workers' climate change risk perception, as confirmed by trends in climate data, was reasonable, but concerns about climate change effects and workplace heat exposure risks varied significantly across types of mining activity (p < 0.001). Workers experienced heat-related morbidities, but the variation in heat-related morbidity experiences across the type of mining activity was not significant. However, the type of heat-related morbidities experienced by workers differed across the type of mining activity (p < 0.001). Workers' awareness of occupational heat stress prevention and control was adequate. The disparities in workers' awareness and use of the prevention and control measures significantly differed across the type of mining activity (p < 0.001). Occupational heat stress prevention activities should focus on workers, and a concerted effort must be made to promote workers' adaptive capacity and inform policy decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Fannam Nunfam
- Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Takoradi Technical University, Western Region, Ghana.
| | | | | | | | - Kwasi Frimpong
- Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration, Ghana.
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30
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Migrant Workers from the Eastern-Mediterranean Region and Occupational Injuries: A Retrospective Database-Based Analysis from North-Eastern Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16040673. [PMID: 30823571 PMCID: PMC6406476 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16040673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The month of Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar, and, according to the Islamic tradition, it coincides with the month when the Noble Koran/Qur'an began to be revealed. In recent years, concerns about the potentially negative health effects of Ramadan fasting and the risks of work-related injuries have increased in Western European (EURO) countries. In the present study, we performed a retrospective database-based analysis assessing the impact of Ramadan fasting on occupational injuries (OIs) in North-Eastern Italy among migrant workers from the Eastern-Mediterranean Region (EMRO). Our results suggest that EMRO workers exhibit a significantly increased risk for OIs during Ramadan in periods characterized by heat-waves, while their frequency was somehow reduced for days associated with Ramadan characterized by increased but not extreme temperatures. However, these results may be attributable to an explanatory causation in the specific differences between EMRO and EURO workers in the job tasks performed at the workplace. Not coincidentally, no significant differences were found regarding industrial settings, mechanisms of OIs and final prognosis. Despite the obvious practical implications for health decision- and policy-makers, due to the limitations of the present investigation, further studies are warranted.
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31
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Nunfam VF, Van Etten EJ, Oosthuizen J, Adusei-Asante K, Frimpong K. Climate change and occupational heat stress risks and adaptation strategies of mining workers: Perspectives of supervisors and other stakeholders in Ghana. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 169:147-155. [PMID: 30458350 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Increasing air temperatures as a result of climate change are worsening the impact of heat exposure on working populations, including mining workers, who are at risk of suffering heat-related illnesses, injury and death. However, inadequate awareness of climate change-related occupational heat stress risks and adaptation strategies have been shown to render occupational heat stress management ineffective. A concurrent mixed-methods approach was used to assess the perceptions of climate change and occupational heat stress risks and adaptation strategies of mining workers among supervisory personnel and other stakeholders in Ghana. Questionnaires and interviews were used to elicit data from 19 respondents. Data were processed and interpreted using descriptive statistics, chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, and thematic analysis. Supervisors' climate change risks perception was adequate, and their concern about workplace heat exposure risks was moderate. Mining workers' occupational heat stress risks experiences were linked to heat-related illness and minor injuries. Mining workers' adaptation strategies included water intake, use of cooling mechanisms, work-break practices, and clothing use. The related differences in job experience in the distribution of climate change risk perception and occupational heat stress risk experiences, and the difference in educational attainment in the distribution of adaptation strategies of occupational heat stress were significant (p < 0.05). Hence, an effective workplace heat management policy requires adequate understanding of occupational heat stress risks and adaptation policies and continued education and training for mining workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Fannam Nunfam
- Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Takoradi Technical University, Western Region, Ghana.
| | | | | | | | - Kwasi Frimpong
- Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration, Ghana
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32
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Flouris AD, Dinas PC, Ioannou LG, Nybo L, Havenith G, Kenny GP, Kjellstrom T. Workers' health and productivity under occupational heat strain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Planet Health 2018; 2:e521-e531. [PMID: 30526938 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(18)30237-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational heat strain (ie, the effect of environmental heat stress on the body) directly threatens workers' ability to live healthy and productive lives. We estimated the effects of occupational heat strain on workers' health and productivity outcomes. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines for this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed and Embase from database inception to Feb 5, 2018, for relevant studies in any labour environment and at any level of occupational heat strain. No restrictions on language, workers' health status, or study design were applied. Occupational heat strain was defined using international health and safety guidelines and standards. We excluded studies that calculated effects using simulations or statistical models instead of actual measurements, and any grey literature. Risk of bias, data extraction, and sensitivity analysis were performed by two independent investigators. Six random-effects meta-analyses estimated the prevalence of occupational heat strain, kidney disease or acute kidney injury, productivity loss, core temperature, change in urine specific gravity, and odds of occupational heat strain occurring during or at the end of a work shift in heat stress conditions. The review protocol is available on PROSPERO, registration number CRD42017083271. FINDINGS Of 958 reports identified through our systematic search, 111 studies done in 30 countries, including 447 million workers from more than 40 different occupations, were eligible for analysis. Our meta-analyses showed that individuals working a single work shift under heat stress (defined as wet-bulb globe temperature beyond 22·0 or 24·8°C depending on work intensity) were 4·01 times (95% CI 2·45-6·58; nine studies with 11 582 workers) more likely to experience occupational heat strain than an individual working in thermoneutral conditions, while their core temperature was increased by 0·7°C (0·4-1·0; 17 studies with 1090 workers) and their urine specific gravity was increased by 14·5% (0·0031, 0·0014-0·0048; 14 studies with 691 workers). During or at the end of a work shift under heat stress, 35% (31-39; 33 studies with 13 088 workers) of workers experienced occupational heat strain, while 30% (21-39; 11 studies with 8076 workers) reported productivity losses. Finally, 15% (11-19; ten studies with 21 721 workers) of individuals who typically or frequently worked under heat stress (minimum of 6 h per day, 5 days per week, for 2 months of the year) experienced kidney disease or acute kidney injury. Overall, this analysis include a variety of populations, exposures, and occupations to comply with a wider adoption of evidence synthesis, but resulted in large heterogeneity in our meta-analyses. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation analysis revealed moderate confidence for most results and very low confidence in two cases (average core temperature and change in urine specific gravity) due to studies being funded by industry. INTERPRETATION Occupational heat strain has important health and productivity outcomes and should be recognised as a public health problem. Concerted international action is needed to mitigate its effects in light of climate change and the anticipated rise in heat stress. FUNDING EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas D Flouris
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece; Human and Environmental Physiological Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottowa, ON, Canada.
| | - Petros C Dinas
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Leonidas G Ioannou
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece; Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, August Krogh Building, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Technology Research and Innovation, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Lars Nybo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, August Krogh Building, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - George Havenith
- Environmental Ergonomics Research Centre, Loughborough Design School, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Glen P Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiological Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottowa, ON, Canada; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tord Kjellstrom
- Centre for Technology Research and Innovation, Lemesos, Cyprus
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Nunfam VF, Adusei-Asante K, Van Etten EJ, Oosthuizen J, Frimpong K. Social impacts of occupational heat stress and adaptation strategies of workers: A narrative synthesis of the literature. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 643:1542-1552. [PMID: 30189570 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dimensions of risks and impacts of occupational heat stress due to climate change on workers' health and safety, productivity, and social well-being are significantly deleterious. Aside from empirical evidence, no systematic review exists for policy development and decision making in managing occupation heat stress impacts and adaptation strategies of workers. This study sought to synthesise evidence on the social impacts of occupational heat stress and adaptation strategies of workers. From a review of existing literature, eight categories were obtained from 25 studies and grouped into three syntheses: (1) awareness of occupational heat stress, (2) social impacts of occupational heat stress and (3) workers' adaptation to occupational heat stress due to changing climate. Awareness of occupational heat stress among workers varied and their social impacts were related to workers' health and safety, productivity and social well-being. Sustainable adaptation to occupation heat stress due to climate change hinges on financial resource availability. Adequate investment and research are required to develop and implement policies to combat the threat of rising temperature and climate change to enhance workers' adaptive capacity, boost resilience and foster sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Fannam Nunfam
- Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Takoradi Technical University, Western Region, Ghana.
| | | | | | | | - Kwasi Frimpong
- Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration, Ghana
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34
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Young Workers' Access to and Awareness of Occupational Safety and Health Services: Age-Differences and Possible Drivers in a Large Survey of Employees in Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15071511. [PMID: 30018272 PMCID: PMC6069130 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Young workers are in particular need of occupational safety and health (OSH) services, but it is unclear whether they have the necessary access to such services. We compared young with older workers in terms of the access to and awareness of OSH services, and examined if differences in employment conditions accounted for age-differences. We used survey data from Italy (INSuLA 1, 2014), with a sample of 8000 employed men and women aged 19 to 65 years, including 732 young workers aged under 30 years. Six questions measured access to services, and five questions assessed awareness of different OSH issues. Several employment conditions were included. Analyses revealed that young workers had less access and a lower awareness of OSH issues compared with older workers. For instance, odds ratios (OR) suggest that young workers had a 1.44 times higher likelihood [95%—confidence interval 1.21–1.70] of having no access to an occupational physician, and were more likely (2.22 [1.39–3.38]) to be unaware of legal OSH frameworks. Adjustment for selected employment conditions (company size, temporary contract) substantially reduced OR’s, indicating that these conditions contribute to differences between older and younger workers. We conclude that OSH management should pay particular attention to young workers in general and, to young workers in precarious employment, and working in small companies in particular.
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Exploring Heat Stress Relief Measures among the Australian Labour Force. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15030401. [PMID: 29495396 PMCID: PMC5876946 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15030401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Australia experiences frequent heat waves and generally high average temperatures throughout the continent with substantial impacts on human health and the economy. People adapt to heat by adopting various relief measures in their daily lives including changing their behaviour. Many labour intensive outdoor industries implement standards for heat stress management for their workforce. However, little is known about how people cope with heat at their workplaces apart from studies targeting some specific industries where labourers are exposed to extreme heat. Here, we analysed responses from 1719 people in the Australian labour force to self-reported heat stress and associated coping mechanisms. Three quarters of respondents experienced heat stress at their workplace with fatigue and headache being the two most frequently stated symptoms. Almost all of those who were affected by heat would hydrate (88%), 67% would cool, and 44% would rest as a strategy for coping with heat. About 10% intended to change their jobs because of heat stress in the workplace. We found differences in heat relief measures across gender, education, health, level of physical intensity of job, and time spent working outside. People working in jobs that were not very demanding physically were more likely to choose cooling down as a relief measure, while those in labour intensive jobs and jobs that required considerable time outside were more likely to rest. This has potential consequences for their productivity and work schedules. Heat affects work in Australia in many types of industry with impact dependent on workforce acclimatisation, yet public awareness and work relief plans are often limited to outdoor and labour intensive industries. Industries and various levels of government in all sectors need to implement standards for heat management specific to climate zones to help people cope better with high temperatures as well as plan strategies in anticipation of projected temperature increases.
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Xu Z, Tong S. Decompose the association between heatwave and mortality: Which type of heatwave is more detrimental? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 156:770-774. [PMID: 28494429 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heatwaves is the most hazardous natural disaster in Australia and its health impacts need to be well unveiled, but how to properly define a heatwave is still debatable. This study aimed to identify which type of heatwave is more detrimental to health and to elucidate which temperature indicator is more suitable for heatwave definition and early warning. METHODS We categorized temperature into extremely-hot and not-extremely-hot, and extremely-hot temperature refers to temperature at least ≥96th percentile of the monthly temperature distribution, and accordingly, heatwaves were categorized into four types: 1) Type I: extremely-hot days followed by extremely-hot nights (HWboth); 2) Type II: extremely-hot days followed by not-extremely-hot nights (HWday); 3) Type III: not-extremely-hot days followed by extremely-hot nights (HWnight); and 4) Type IV: not-extremely-hot days followed by not-extremely-hot nights (HWwarm). A Poisson regression allowing for over-dispersion was used to examine the relationship between different types of heatwaves and mortality in Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane using the data from 1988 to 2011. RESULTS Mortality in Brisbane increased significantly during HWboth and HWwarm, and mortality in Melbourne increased significantly during HWboth and HWday. For Sydney, HWboth, HWwarm, and HWday were all associated with mortality increase, although no appreciable difference in the magnitudes of mortality increase among these three heatwave types was observed. HWnight was not associated with any significant mortality increase in these cities. Mean temperature is the best temperature indicator for heatwaves in Brisbane and maximum temperature is the best temperature indicator for heatwaves in Melbourne. CONCLUSIONS Extremely-hot days rather than extremely-hot nights played a critical role in heatwave-related mortality. City-specific heatwave early warning may be optimal for Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Xu
- School of Public Health and Social Work & Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
| | - Shilu Tong
- School of Public Health and Social Work & Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
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