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Vianello E, Ambrogi F, Kalousová M, Badalyan J, Dozio E, Tacchini L, Schmitz G, Zima T, Tsongalis GJ, Corsi-Romanelli MM. Circulating perturbation of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is associated to cardiac remodeling and NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiovascular patients with insulin resistance risk. Exp Mol Pathol 2024; 137:104895. [PMID: 38703553 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2024.104895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Lipidome perturbation occurring during meta-inflammation is associated to left ventricle (LV) remodeling though the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, a key regulator of chronic inflammation in obesity-related disorders. Little is known about phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) as DAMP-induced NLRP3 inflammasome. Our study is aimed to evaluate if a systemic reduction of PC/PE molar ratio can affect NLRP3 plasma levels in cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients with insulin resistance (IR) risk. Forty patients from IRCCS Policlinico San Donato were enrolled, and their blood samples were drawn before heart surgery. LV geometry measurements were evaluated by echocardiography and clinical data associated to IR risk were collected. PC and PE were quantified by ESI-MS/MS. Circulating NLRP3 was quantified by an ELISA assay. Our results have shown that CVD patients with IR risk presented systemic lipid impairment of PC and PE species and their ratio in plasma was inversely associated to NLRP3 levels. Interestingly, CVD patients with IR risk presented LV changes directly associated to increased levels of NLRP3 and a decrease in PC/PE ratio in plasma, highlighting the systemic effect of meta-inflammation in cardiac response. In summary, PC and PE can be considered bioactive mediators associated to both the NLRP3 and LV changes in CVD patients with IR risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Vianello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Experimental Laboratory for Research on Organ Damage Biomarkers, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Italy.
| | - Federico Ambrogi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Marta Kalousová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Prague General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Julietta Badalyan
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Statistica Sanitaria e Biometria, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Dozio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Experimental Laboratory for Research on Organ Damage Biomarkers, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Italy
| | - Lorenza Tacchini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Experimental Laboratory for Research on Organ Damage Biomarkers, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Italy
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tomáš Zima
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Prague General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gregory J Tsongalis
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Massimiliano M Corsi-Romanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pathology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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2
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Blanchard I, Vootukuru N, Bhattaru A, Patil S, Rojulpote C. PET Radiotracers in Atherosclerosis: A Review. Curr Probl Cardiol 2023; 48:101925. [PMID: 37392979 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.101925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Traditional atherosclerosis imaging modalities are limited to late stages of disease, prior to which patients are frequently asymptomatic. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging allows for the visualization of metabolic processes underscoring disease progression via radioactive tracer, allowing earlier-stage disease to be identified. 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) uptake largely reflects the metabolic activity of macrophages, but is unspecific and limited in its utility. By detecting areas of microcalcification, 18F-Sodium Fluoride (18F-NaF) uptake also provides insight into atherosclerosis pathogenesis. Gallium-68 DOTA-0-Tyr3-Octreotate (68Ga-DOTATATE) PET has also shown potential in identifying vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques with high somatostatin receptor expression. Finally, 11-carbon (11C)-choline and 18F-fluoromethylcholine (FMCH) tracers may identify high-risk atherosclerotic plaques by detecting increased choline metabolism. Together, these radiotracers quantify disease burden, assess treatment efficacy, and stratify risk for adverse cardiac events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nishita Vootukuru
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Abhijit Bhattaru
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Chaitanya Rojulpote
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Medicine, The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, Scranton, PA.
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3
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Liu N, Zhong Y, Pang X, Li M, Cannon RD, Mei L, Cai X, Ji P. The nano-windmill exerts superior anti-inflammatory effects via reducing choline uptake to inhibit macrophage activation. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13470. [PMID: 37051938 PMCID: PMC10542611 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages' activation plays a central role during the development and progression of inflammation, while the regulation of metabolic reprogramming of macrophages has been recently identified as a novel strategy for anti-inflammatory therapies. Our previous studies have found that tetrahedral framework nucleic acid (tFNA) plays a mild anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting macrophage activation, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. Here, by metabolomics and RNA sequencing, choline uptake is identified to be significantly repressed by decreased slc44a1 expression in tFNA-treated activated macrophages. Inspired by this result, combined with the excellent delivery capacities of tFNA, siR-slc44a1 is loaded into the tFNA to develop a new tFNA-based small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery system named 'nano-windmill,' which exhibits a synergetic role by targeting slc44a1, finally blowing up the anti-inflammatory effects of tFNA to inhibit macrophages activation via reducing choline uptake. By confirming its anti-inflammatory effects in chronic (periodontitis) and acute (sepsis) inflammatory disease, the tFNA-based nanomedicine developed for inflammatory diseases may provide broad prospects for tFNA upgrading and various biological applications such as anti-inflammatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxin Liu
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqingP. R. China
| | - Yuke Zhong
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqingP. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Pang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqingP. R. China
| | - Mingzheng Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqingP. R. China
| | - Richard D. Cannon
- Department of Oral SciencesSir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Li Mei
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqingP. R. China
- Department of Oral SciencesSir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Xiaoxiao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan UniversityChengduP. R. China
| | - Ping Ji
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqingP. R. China
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Nakahara T, Strauss HW, Narula J, Jinzaki M. Vulnerable Plaque Imaging. Semin Nucl Med 2023; 53:230-240. [PMID: 36333157 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaques progress as a result of inflammation. Both invasive and noninvasive imaging techniques have been developed to identify and characterize plaque as vulnerable (more likely to rupture and cause a clinical event). Imaging techniques to identify vulnerable include identifying vessels with focal subendothelial collections of I) inflammatory cells; II) lipid/ fatty acid; III) local regions of hypoxia; IV) local expression of angiogenesis factors; V) local expression of protease; VI) intravascular foci of thrombus; hemorrhage (most often seen in the aftermath of a clinical event); VII) apoptosis and VIII) microcalcification. This review provides an overview of atherosclerotic plaque progression and tracers which can visualize specific molecules associated with vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Nakahara
- Department of Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - H William Strauss
- Division of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Jagat Narula
- Division of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Mahahiro Jinzaki
- Department of Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Wang ZQ, Sun Z. Dietary N ε-(carboxymethyl) lysine affects cardiac glucose metabolism and myocardial remodeling in mice. World J Diabetes 2022; 13:972-985. [PMID: 36437860 PMCID: PMC9693738 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i11.972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial remodeling is a key factor in the progression of cardiovascular disease to the end stage. In addition to myocardial infarction or stress overload, dietary factors have recently been considered associated with myocardial remodeling. Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) is a representative foodborne toxic product, which can be ingested via daily diet. Therefore, there is a marked need to explore the effects of dietary CML on the myocardium.
AIM To explore the effects of dietary CML (dCML) on the heart.
METHODS C57 BL/6 mice were divided into a control group and a dCML group. The control group and the dCML group were respectively fed a normal diet or diet supplemented with CML for 20 wk. Body weight and blood glucose were recorded every 4 wk. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) was used to trace the glucose uptake in mouse myocardium, followed by visualizing with micro-positron emission tomography (PET). Myocardial remodeling and glucose metabolism were also detected. In vitro, H9C2 cardiomyocytes were added to exogenous CML and cultured for 24 h. The effects of exogenous CML on glucose metabolism, collagen I expression, hypertrophy, and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes were analyzed.
RESULTS Our results suggest that the levels of fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and serum CML were significantly increased after 20 wk of dCML. Micro-PET showed that 18F-FDG accumulated more in the myocardium of the dCML group than in the control group. Histological staining revealed that dCML could lead to myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy. The indexes of myocardial fibrosis, apoptosis, and hypertrophy were also increased in the dCML group, whereas the activities of glucose metabolism-related pathways and citrate synthase (CS) were significantly inhibited. In cardiomyocytes, collagen I expression and cellular size were significantly increased after the addition of exogenous CML. CML significantly promoted cellular hypertrophy and apoptosis, while pathways involved in glucose metabolism and level of Cs mRNA were significantly inhibited.
CONCLUSION This study reveals that dCML alters myocardial glucose metabolism and promotes myocardial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Qun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu Province, China
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6
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Atherosclerosis Burdens in Diabetes Mellitus: Assessment by PET Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810268. [PMID: 36142181 PMCID: PMC9499611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Arteriosclerosis and its sequelae are the most common cause of death in diabetic patients and one of the reasons why diabetes has entered the top 10 causes of death worldwide, fatalities having doubled since 2000. The literature in the field claims almost unanimously that arteriosclerosis is more frequent or develops more rapidly in diabetic than non-diabetic subjects, and that the disease is caused by arterial inflammation, the control of which should therefore be the goal of therapeutic efforts. These views are mostly based on indirect methodologies, including studies of artery wall thickness or stiffness, or on conventional CT-based imaging used to demonstrate tissue changes occurring late in the disease process. In contrast, imaging with positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) applying the tracers 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) or 18F-sodium fluoride (NaF) mirrors arterial wall inflammation and microcalcification, respectively, early in the course of the disease, potentially enabling in vivo insight into molecular processes. The present review provides an overview of the literature from the more than 20 and 10 years, respectively, that these two tracers have been used for the study of atherosclerosis, with emphasis on what new information they have provided in relation to diabetes and which questions remain insufficiently elucidated.
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7
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Crișan G, Moldovean-Cioroianu NS, Timaru DG, Andrieș G, Căinap C, Chiș V. Radiopharmaceuticals for PET and SPECT Imaging: A Literature Review over the Last Decade. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095023. [PMID: 35563414 PMCID: PMC9103893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) uses radioactive tracers and enables the functional imaging of several metabolic processes, blood flow measurements, regional chemical composition, and/or chemical absorption. Depending on the targeted processes within the living organism, different tracers are used for various medical conditions, such as cancer, particular brain pathologies, cardiac events, and bone lesions, where the most commonly used tracers are radiolabeled with 18F (e.g., [18F]-FDG and NA [18F]). Oxygen-15 isotope is mostly involved in blood flow measurements, whereas a wide array of 11C-based compounds have also been developed for neuronal disorders according to the affected neuroreceptors, prostate cancer, and lung carcinomas. In contrast, the single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) technique uses gamma-emitting radioisotopes and can be used to diagnose strokes, seizures, bone illnesses, and infections by gauging the blood flow and radio distribution within tissues and organs. The radioisotopes typically used in SPECT imaging are iodine-123, technetium-99m, xenon-133, thallium-201, and indium-111. This systematic review article aims to clarify and disseminate the available scientific literature focused on PET/SPECT radiotracers and to provide an overview of the conducted research within the past decade, with an additional focus on the novel radiopharmaceuticals developed for medical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Crișan
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Str. M. Kogălniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.C.); (N.S.M.-C.); (D.-G.T.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, County Clinical Hospital, Clinicilor 3-5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | | | - Diana-Gabriela Timaru
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Str. M. Kogălniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.C.); (N.S.M.-C.); (D.-G.T.)
| | - Gabriel Andrieș
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, County Clinical Hospital, Clinicilor 3-5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Călin Căinap
- The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă”, Republicii 34-36, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Vasile Chiș
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Str. M. Kogălniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.C.); (N.S.M.-C.); (D.-G.T.)
- Institute for Research, Development and Innovation in Applied Natural Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, Str. Fântânele 30, 400327 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
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8
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Positron Emission Tomography in Atherosclerosis Research. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2419:825-839. [PMID: 35238004 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1924-7_50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a quantitative imaging technique that uses molecules labeled with positron-emitting radionuclides to visualize and measure biochemical processes in the tissues of living subjects. In recent years, different PET tracers have been evaluated for their ability to characterize the atherosclerotic process in order to study the activity of the disease. Here, we describe detailed PET methods for preclinical studies of atherosclerosis and summarize the key methodological aspects of PET imaging in clinical studies of atherosclerosis.
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Li XG, Velikyan I, Viitanen R, Roivainen A. PET radiopharmaceuticals for imaging inflammatory diseases. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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10
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Brito MDF, Torre C, Silva-Lima B. Scientific Advances in Diabetes: The Impact of the Innovative Medicines Initiative. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:688438. [PMID: 34295913 PMCID: PMC8290522 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.688438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus is one of the World Health Organization's priority diseases under research by the first and second programmes of Innovative Medicines Initiative, with the acronyms IMI1 and IMI2, respectively. Up to October of 2019, 13 projects were funded by IMI for Diabetes & Metabolic disorders, namely SUMMIT, IMIDIA, DIRECT, StemBANCC, EMIF, EBiSC, INNODIA, RHAPSODY, BEAT-DKD, LITMUS, Hypo-RESOLVE, IM2PACT, and CARDIATEAM. In general, a total of €447 249 438 was spent by IMI in the area of Diabetes. In order to prompt a better integration of achievements between the different projects, we perform a literature review and used three data sources, namely the official project's websites, the contact with the project's coordinators and co-coordinator, and the CORDIS database. From the 662 citations identified, 185 were included. The data collected were integrated into the objectives proposed for the four IMI2 program research axes: (1) target and biomarker identification, (2) innovative clinical trials paradigms, (3) innovative medicines, and (4) patient-tailored adherence programmes. The IMI funded projects identified new biomarkers, medical and research tools, determinants of inter-individual variability, relevant pathways, clinical trial designs, clinical endpoints, therapeutic targets and concepts, pharmacologic agents, large-scale production strategies, and patient-centered predictive models for diabetes and its complications. Taking into account the scientific data produced, we provided a joint vision with strategies for integrating personalized medicine into healthcare practice. The major limitations of this article were the large gap of data in the libraries on the official project websites and even the Cordis database was not complete and up to date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Torre
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Laboratory of Systems Integration Pharmacology, Clinical & Regulatory Science-Research Institute for Medicines (iMED.ULisboa), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Silva-Lima
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Laboratory of Systems Integration Pharmacology, Clinical & Regulatory Science-Research Institute for Medicines (iMED.ULisboa), Lisbon, Portugal
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11
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Ståhle M, Hellberg S, Virta J, Liljenbäck H, Metsälä O, Li XG, Jauhiainen M, Saukko P, Ylä-Herttuala S, Nuutila P, Knuuti J, Saraste A, Roivainen A. Evaluation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor expression in nondiabetic and diabetic atherosclerotic mice using PET tracer 68Ga-NODAGA-exendin-4. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E989-E998. [PMID: 33843281 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00465.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist therapies are potentially mediated by anti-inflammatory effects on atherosclerosis. Our study demonstrates that 68Ga-NODAGA-exendin-4, a radioligand specifically targeting GLP-1R, detects GLP-1R expression in inflamed atherosclerotic lesions in nondiabetic and diabetic hypercholesterolemic mice. Immunofluorescence staining suggests that GLP-1R is primarily localized in M2 macrophages in lesions. This study describes a new potential tool that may have translational relevance for studies of pharmacological modification of GLP-1R signaling in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Ståhle
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Jenni Virta
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Metsälä
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Xiang-Guo Li
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research and Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Saukko
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Saraste
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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12
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Ćorović A, Wall C, Mason JC, Rudd JHF, Tarkin JM. Novel Positron Emission Tomography Tracers for Imaging Vascular Inflammation. Curr Cardiol Rep 2020; 22:119. [PMID: 32772188 PMCID: PMC7415747 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-020-01372-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review To provide a focused update on recent advances in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in vascular inflammatory diseases and consider future directions in the field. Recent Findings While PET imaging with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) can provide a useful marker of disease activity in several vascular inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis and large-vessel vasculitis, this tracer lacks inflammatory cell specificity and is not a practical solution for imaging the coronary vasculature because of avid background myocardial signal. To overcome these limitations, research is ongoing to identify novel PET tracers that can more accurately track individual components of vascular immune responses. Use of these novel PET tracers could lead to a better understanding of underlying disease mechanisms and help inform the identification and stratification of patients for newly emerging immune-modulatory therapies. Summary Future research is needed to realise the true clinical translational value of PET imaging in vascular inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Ćorović
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher Wall
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Justin C Mason
- Cardiovascular Division, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James H F Rudd
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jason M Tarkin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,Cardiovascular Division, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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13
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Mourouzis K, Oikonomou E, Siasos G, Tsalamadris S, Vogiatzi G, Antonopoulos A, Fountoulakis P, Goliopoulou A, Papaioannou S, Tousoulis D. Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Acute Coronary Syndromes. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4624-4647. [PMID: 32282296 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200413082353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last decades, the role of inflammation and immune system activation in the initiation and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) has been established. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to present the interplay between cytokines and their actions preceding and shortly after ACS. METHODS We searched in a systemic manner the most relevant articles to the topic of inflammation, cytokines, vulnerable plaque and myocardial infarction in MEDLINE, COCHRANE and EMBASE databases. RESULTS Different classes of cytokines (intereleukin [IL]-1 family, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) family, chemokines, adipokines, interferons) are implicated in the entire process leading to destabilization of the atherosclerotic plaque, and consequently, to the incidence of myocardial infarction. Especially IL-1 and TNF-α family are involved in inflammatory cell accumulation, vulnerable plaque formation, platelet aggregation, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and adverse remodeling following the myocardial infarction. Several cytokines such as IL-6, adiponectin, interferon-γ, appear with significant prognostic value in ACS patients. Thus, research interest focuses on the modulation of inflammation in ACS to improve clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION Understanding the unique characteristics that accompany each cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction could illuminate the signaling pathways involved in plaque destabilization and indicate future treatment strategies to improve cardiovascular prognosis in ACS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Mourouzis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotiris Tsalamadris
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Vogiatzi
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios Antonopoulos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Fountoulakis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Athina Goliopoulou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Papaioannou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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14
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Abstract
Most of the acute ischemic events, such as acute coronary syndromes and stroke, are attributed to vulnerable plaques. These lesions have common histological and pathophysiological features, including inflammatory cell infiltration, neo-angiogenesis, remodelling, haemorrhage predisposition, thin fibrous cap, large lipid core, and micro-calcifications. Early detection of the presence of a plaque prone to rupture could be life-saving for the patient; however, vulnerable plaques usually cause non-haemodynamically significant stenosis, and anatomical imaging techniques often underestimate, or may not even detect, these lesions. Although ultrasound techniques are currently considered as the "first-line" examinations for the diagnostic investigation and treatment monitoring in patients with atherosclerotic plaques, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging could open new horizons in the assessment of atherosclerosis, given its ability to visualize metabolic processes and provide molecular-functional evidence regarding vulnerable plaques. Moreover, modern hybrid imaging techniques, combining PET with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, can evaluate simultaneously both functional and morphological parameters of the atherosclerotic plaques, and are expected to significantly expand their clinical role in the future. This review summarizes current research on the PET imaging of the vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques, outlining current and potential applications in the clinical setting.
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15
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Heo GS, Sultan D, Liu Y. Current and novel radiopharmaceuticals for imaging cardiovascular inflammation. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (AIMN) [AND] THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RADIOPHARMACOLOGY (IAR), [AND] SECTION OF THE SOCIETY OF RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2020; 64:4-20. [PMID: 32077667 DOI: 10.23736/s1824-4785.20.03230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide despite advances in diagnostic technologies and treatment strategies. The underlying cause of most CVD is atherosclerosis, a chronic disease driven by inflammatory reactions. Atherosclerotic plaque rupture could cause arterial occlusion leading to ischemic tissue injuries such as myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. Clinically, most imaging modalities are based on anatomy and provide limited information about the on-going molecular activities affecting the vulnerability of atherosclerotic lesion for risk stratification of patients. Thus, the ability to differentiate stable plaques from those that are vulnerable is an unmet clinical need. Of various imaging techniques, the radionuclide-based molecular imaging modalities including positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computerized tomography provide superior ability to noninvasively visualize molecular activities in vivo and may serve as a useful tool in tackling this challenge. Moreover, the well-established translational pathway of radiopharmaceuticals may also facilitate the translation of discoveries from benchtop to clinical investigation in contrast to other imaging modalities to fulfill the goal of precision medicine. The relationship between inflammation occurring within the plaque and its proneness to rupture has been well documented. Therefore, an active effort has been significantly devoted to develop radiopharmaceuticals specifically to measure CVD inflammatory status, and potentially elucidate those plaques which are prone to rupture. In the following review, molecular imaging of inflammatory biomarkers will be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu S Heo
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deborah Sultan
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA -
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16
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Kubota K, Ogawa M, Ji B, Watabe T, Zhang MR, Suzuki H, Sawada M, Nishi K, Kudo T. Basic Science of PET Imaging for Inflammatory Diseases. PET/CT FOR INFLAMMATORY DISEASES 2020. [PMCID: PMC7418531 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-0810-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
FDG-PET/CT has recently emerged as a useful tool for the evaluation of inflammatory diseases too, in addition to that of malignant diseases. The imaging is based on active glucose utilization by inflammatory tissue. Autoradiography studies have demonstrated high FDG uptake in macrophages, granulocytes, fibroblasts, and granulation tissue. Especially, activated macrophages are responsible for the elevated FDG uptake in some types of inflammation. According to one study, after activation by lipopolysaccharide of cultured macrophages, the [14C]2DG uptake by the cells doubled, reaching the level seen in glioblastoma cells. In activated macrophages, increase in the expression of total GLUT1 and redistributions from the intracellular compartments toward the cell surface have been reported. In one rheumatoid arthritis model, following stimulation by hypoxia or TNF-α, the highest elevation of the [3H]FDG uptake was observed in the fibroblasts, followed by that in macrophages and neutrophils. As the fundamental mechanism of elevated glucose uptake in both cancer cells and inflammatory cells, activation of glucose metabolism as an adaptive response to a hypoxic environment has been reported, with transcription factor HIF-1α playing a key role. Inflammatory cells and cancer cells seem to share the same molecular mechanism of elevated glucose metabolism, lending support to the notion of usefulness of FDGPET/CT for the evaluation of inflammatory diseases, besides cancer.
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17
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Sheikh A, Anolik J, Maurer AH. Update on Serum Glucose and Metabolic Management of Clinical Nuclear Medicine Studies: Current Status and Proposed Future Directions. Semin Nucl Med 2019; 49:411-421. [PMID: 31470934 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Management of a patient's blood glucose or metabolism in nuclear medicine studies has become an integral aspect of daily work primarily due to the increasing use of F-18 flurodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). Newer tracers such as F-18 Fluciclovine and C-11 Choline, are in theory subject to metabolic shifts and changes based on patients' insulin levels, and also require attention to achieving optimum patient preparation. Metabolic derangements can also affect other studies, such as gastric emptying (GE), the results of which are dependent upon the patient's blood glucose level during the time of imaging. The growing variety of diabetic medications has increased the complexity of the instructions which need to be given to patients. Current guidelines for patient preparation were developed in the past and have only slowly evolved with the introduction of newer oral medications. In addition to older insulin formulations newer formulations with different profiles of onset, duration, and consistency of action are being used. The wide spectrum of newer drugs now in use for treating diabetes has not been accompanied by any updated consensus on how to manage these drugs for imaging studies which require blood glucose level management. In this article we review these newer diabetes medications primarily to raise awareness of the changing landscape. Our focus will be on suggestions to optimize patient preparation and management for these studies. For each scenario, our suggestions will be given as summary proposals for best patient management. Our hope is that this discussion will stimulate multicenter studies to provide data to support new practice guidelines for metabolically dependent nuclear medicine procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Sheikh
- Division of Nuclear Medicine; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY.
| | - Jonathan Anolik
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Alan H Maurer
- Section of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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18
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Sanchez-Lopez E, Zhong Z, Stubelius A, Sweeney SR, Booshehri LM, Antonucci L, Liu-Bryan R, Lodi A, Terkeltaub R, Lacal JC, Murphy AN, Hoffman HM, Tiziani S, Guma M, Karin M. Choline Uptake and Metabolism Modulate Macrophage IL-1β and IL-18 Production. Cell Metab 2019; 29:1350-1362.e7. [PMID: 30982734 PMCID: PMC6675591 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Choline is a vitamin-like nutrient that is taken up via specific transporters and metabolized by choline kinase, which converts it to phosphocholine needed for de novo synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC), the main phospholipid of cellular membranes. We found that Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation enhances choline uptake by macrophages and microglia through induction of the choline transporter CTL1. Inhibition of CTL1 expression or choline phosphorylation attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β and IL-18 production in stimulated macrophages. Mechanistically, reduced choline uptake altered mitochondrial lipid profile, attenuated mitochondrial ATP synthesis, and activated the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). By potentiating mitochondrial recruitment of DRP1, AMPK stimulates mitophagy, which contributes to termination of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Correspondingly, choline kinase inhibitors ameliorated acute and chronic models of IL-1β-dependent inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Sanchez-Lopez
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Zhenyu Zhong
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas TX 75390, USA
| | - Alexandra Stubelius
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Shannon R Sweeney
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78723-3092, USA
| | - Laela M Booshehri
- Department of Pediatrics and Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Laura Antonucci
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ru Liu-Bryan
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Alessia Lodi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78723-3092, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78723-3092, USA
| | - Robert Terkeltaub
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Lacal
- Translational Oncology, Department of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Fuenlabrada, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne N Murphy
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Hal M Hoffman
- Department of Pediatrics and Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Stefano Tiziani
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78723-3092, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78723-3092, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78723-3092, USA
| | - Monica Guma
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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19
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Can Metabolic Pathways Be Therapeutic Targets in Rheumatoid Arthritis? J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050753. [PMID: 31137815 PMCID: PMC6572063 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic rewiring of tumor cells and immune cells has been viewed as a promising source of novel drug targets. Many of the molecular pathways implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) directly modify synovium metabolism and transform the resident cells, such as the fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), and the synovial tissue macrophages (STM), toward an overproduction of enzymes, which degrade cartilage and bone, and cytokines, which promote immune cell infiltration. Recent studies have shown metabolic changes in stromal and immune cells from RA patients. Metabolic disruption in the synovium provide the opportunity to use in vivo metabolism-based imaging techniques for patient stratification and to monitor treatment response. In addition, these metabolic changes may be therapeutically targetable. Thus, resetting metabolism of the synovial membrane offers additional opportunities for disease modulation and restoration of homeostasis in RA. In fact, rheumatologists already use the antimetabolite methotrexate, a chemotherapy agent, for the treatment of patients with inflammatory arthritis. Metabolic targets that do not compromise systemic homeostasis or corresponding metabolic functions in normal cells could increase the drug armamentarium in rheumatic diseases for combination therapy independent of systemic immunosuppression. This article summarizes what is known about metabolism in synovial tissue cells and highlights chemotherapies that target metabolism as potential future therapeutic strategies for RA.
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20
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Vigne J, Thackeray J, Essers J, Makowski M, Varasteh Z, Curaj A, Karlas A, Canet-Soulas E, Mulder W, Kiessling F, Schäfers M, Botnar R, Wildgruber M, Hyafil F. Current and Emerging Preclinical Approaches for Imaging-Based Characterization of Atherosclerosis. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 20:869-887. [PMID: 30250990 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaques can remain quiescent for years, but become life threatening upon rupture or disruption, initiating clot formation in the vessel lumen and causing acute myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Whether and how a plaque ruptures is determined by its macroscopic structure and microscopic composition. Rupture-prone plaques usually consist of a thin fibrous cap with few smooth muscle cells, a large lipid core, a dense infiltrate of inflammatory cells, and neovessels. Such lesions, termed high-risk plaques, can remain asymptomatic until the thrombotic event. Various imaging technologies currently allow visualization of morphological and biological characteristics of high-risk atherosclerotic plaques. Conventional protocols are often complex and lack specificity for high-risk plaque. Conversely, new imaging approaches are emerging which may overcome these limitations. Validation of these novel imaging techniques in preclinical models of atherosclerosis is essential for effective translational to clinical practice. Imaging the vessel wall, as well as its biological milieu in small animal models, is challenging because the vessel wall is a small structure that undergoes continuous movements imposed by the cardiac cycle as it is adjacent to circulating blood. The focus of this paper is to provide a state-of-the-art review on techniques currently available for preclinical imaging of atherosclerosis in small animal models and to discuss the advantages and limitations of each approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Vigne
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bichat University Hospital, AP-HP; INSERM, U-1148, DHU FIRE, University Diderot, Paris, France
| | - James Thackeray
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jeroen Essers
- Departments of Vascular Surgery, Molecular Genetics, Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus Makowski
- Department of Radiology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zoreh Varasteh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Adelina Curaj
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), University Hospital Aachen, RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Angelos Karlas
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Canet-Soulas
- Laboratoire CarMeN, INSERM U-1060, Lyon/Hospices Civils Lyon, IHU OPERA Cardioprotection, Université de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Willem Mulder
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), University Hospital Aachen, RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - René Botnar
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Moritz Wildgruber
- Translational Research Imaging Center, Institut für Klinische Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Fabien Hyafil
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bichat University Hospital, AP-HP; INSERM, U-1148, DHU FIRE, University Diderot, Paris, France. .,Département de Médecine Nucléaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bichat, 46 rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France.
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21
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Silvola JMU, Li XG, Virta J, Marjamäki P, Liljenbäck H, Hytönen JP, Tarkia M, Saunavaara V, Hurme S, Palani S, Hakovirta H, Ylä-Herttuala S, Saukko P, Chen Q, Low PS, Knuuti J, Saraste A, Roivainen A. Aluminum fluoride-18 labeled folate enables in vivo detection of atherosclerotic plaque inflammation by positron emission tomography. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9720. [PMID: 29946129 PMCID: PMC6018703 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27618-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis and its complications. Because the folate receptor β (FR-β) is selectively expressed on macrophages, an FR targeted imaging agent could be useful for assessment of atherosclerotic inflammation. We investigated aluminum fluoride-18-labeled 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid conjugated folate (18F-FOL) for the detection of atherosclerotic plaque inflammation. We studied atherosclerotic plaques in mice, rabbits, and human tissue samples using 18F-FOL positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Compound 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) was used as a comparison. Firstly, we found that the in vitro binding of 18F-FOL co-localized with FR-β-positive macrophages in carotid endarterectomy samples from patients with recent ischemic symptoms. We then demonstrated specific accumulation of intravenously administered 18F-FOL in atherosclerotic plaques in mice and rabbits using PET/CT. We noticed that the 18F-FOL uptake correlated with the density of macrophages in plaques and provided a target-to-background ratio as high as 18F-FDG, but with considerably lower myocardial uptake. Thus, 18F-FOL PET/CT targeting of FR-β-positive macrophages presents a promising new tool for the in vivo imaging of atherosclerotic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiang-Guo Li
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Jenni Virta
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarkko P Hytönen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Miikka Tarkia
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Virva Saunavaara
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Saija Hurme
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Harri Hakovirta
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pekka Saukko
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Qingshou Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Philip S Low
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Saraste
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. .,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. .,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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22
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Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Macrophages in Atherosclerosis with 18F-GE-180, a Radiotracer for Translocator Protein (TSPO). CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018; 2018:9186902. [PMID: 29950954 PMCID: PMC5987326 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9186902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Intraplaque inflammation plays an important role in the progression of atherosclerosis. The 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) expression is upregulated in activated macrophages, representing a potential target to identify inflamed atherosclerotic plaques. We preclinically evaluated 18F-GE-180, a novel third-generation TSPO radioligand, in a mouse model of atherosclerosis. Methods. Nine hypercholesterolemic mice deficient in low density lipoprotein receptor and apolipoprotein B48 (LDLR−/−ApoB100/100) and six healthy C57BL/6N mice were injected with 10 MBq of 18F-GE-180. Specificity of binding was demonstrated in three LDLR−/−ApoB100/100 mice by injection of nonradioactive reference compound of 18F-GE-180 before 18F-GE-180. Dynamic 30-minute PET was performed followed by contrast-enhanced CT, and the mice were sacrificed at 60 minutes after injection. Tissue samples were obtained for ex vivo biodistribution measurements, and aortas were cut into serial cryosections for digital autoradiography. The presence of macrophages and TSPO was studied by immunohistochemistry. The 18F-GE-180 retention in plaque areas with different macrophage densities and lesion-free vessel wall were compared. Results. The LDLR−/−ApoB100/100 mice showed large, inflamed plaques in the aorta. Autoradiography revealed significantly higher 18F-GE-180 retention in macrophage-rich plaque areas than in noninflamed areas (count densities 150 ± 45 PSL/mm2 versus 51 ± 12 PSL/mm2, p < 0.001). Prominent retention in the vessel wall without plaque was also observed (220 ± 41 PSL/mm2). Blocking with nonradioactive GE-180 diminished the difference in count densities between macrophage-rich and noninflamed areas in atherosclerotic plaques and lowered the count density in vessel wall without plaque. Conclusion. 18F-GE-180 shows specific uptake in macrophage-rich areas of atherosclerotic plaques in mice. However, retention in atherosclerotic lesions does not exceed that in lesion-free vessel wall. The third-generation TSPO radioligand 18F-GE-180 did not show improved characteristics for imaging atherosclerotic plaque inflammation compared to previously studied TSPO-targeting tracers.
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23
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Andrews JPM, Fayad ZA, Dweck MR. New methods to image unstable atherosclerotic plaques. Atherosclerosis 2018; 272:118-128. [PMID: 29602139 PMCID: PMC6463488 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque rupture is the primary mechanism responsible for myocardial infarction and stroke, the top two killers worldwide. Despite being potentially fatal, the ubiquitous prevalence of atherosclerosis amongst the middle aged and elderly renders individual events relatively rare. This makes the accurate prediction of MI and stroke challenging. Advances in imaging techniques now allow detailed assessments of plaque morphology and disease activity. Both CT and MR can identify certain unstable plaque characteristics thought to be associated with an increased risk of rupture and events. PET imaging allows the activity of distinct pathological processes associated with atherosclerosis to be measured, differentiating patients with inactive and active disease states. Hybrid integration of PET with CT or MR now allows for an accurate assessment of not only plaque burden and morphology but plaque biology too. In this review, we discuss how these advanced imaging techniques hold promise in redefining our understanding of stable and unstable coronary artery disease beyond symptomatic status, and how they may refine patient risk-prediction and the rationing of expensive novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack P M Andrews
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Marc R Dweck
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
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24
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Effects of atorvastatin and diet interventions on atherosclerotic plaque inflammation and [18F]FDG uptake in Ldlr−/−Apob mice. Atherosclerosis 2017; 263:369-376. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Matsuura Y, Yamashita A, Zhao Y, Iwakiri T, Yamasaki K, Sugita C, Koshimoto C, Kitamura K, Kawai K, Tamaki N, Zhao S, Kuge Y, Asada Y. Altered glucose metabolism and hypoxic response in alloxan-induced diabetic atherosclerosis in rabbits. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175976. [PMID: 28410399 PMCID: PMC5391952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus accelerates atherosclerosis that causes most cardiovascular events. Several metabolic pathways are considered to contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, but comprehensive metabolic alterations to atherosclerotic arterial cells remain unknown. The present study investigated metabolic changes and their relationship to vascular histopathological changes in the atherosclerotic arteries of rabbits with alloxan-induced diabetes. Diabetic atherosclerosis was induced in rabbit ilio-femoral arteries by injecting alloxan (100 mg/kg), injuring the arteries using a balloon, and feeding with a 0.5% cholesterol diet. We histologically assessed the atherosclerotic lesion development, cellular content, pimonidazole positive-hypoxic area, the nuclear localization of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, and apoptosis. We evaluated comprehensive arterial metabolism by performing metabolomic analyses using capillary electrophoresis-time of flight mass spectrometry. We evaluated glucose uptake and its relationship to vascular hypoxia using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and pimonidazole. Plaque burden, macrophage content, and hypoxic areas were more prevalent in arteries with diabetic, than non-diabetic atherosclerosis. Metabolomic analyses highlighted 12 metabolites that were significantly altered between diabetic and non-diabetic atherosclerosis. A half of them were associated with glycolysis metabolites, and their levels were decreased in diabetic atherosclerosis. The uptake of glucose evaluated as 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in atherosclerotic lesions increased according to increased macrophage content or hypoxic areas in non-diabetic, but not diabetic rabbits. Despite profound hypoxic areas, the nuclear localization of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α decreased and the number of apoptotic cells increased in diabetic atherosclerotic lesions. Altered glycolysis metabolism and an impaired response to hypoxia in atherosclerotic lesions under conditions of insulin-dependent diabetes might be involved in the development of diabetic atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunosuke Matsuura
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamashita
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Tracer Kinetics and Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Iwakiri
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Yamasaki
- Department of Tracer Kinetics and Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sugita
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyusyu University of Health and Welfare, Nobeoka, Japan
| | - Chihiro Koshimoto
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kitamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kawai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Biomedical Imaging Research Center, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Nagara Tamaki
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Songji Zhao
- Department of Tracer Kinetics and Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuji Kuge
- Department of Integrated Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Central Institute of Isotope Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yujiro Asada
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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