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Ahmed DH, Fateh HL. Impact of flaxseed supplementation on lipid profile and liver enzymes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 173:106838. [PMID: 38663513 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Since the effects of flaxseed supplementation on lipid profile and liver enzymes are still controversial, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted in the present study to assess the effect of flaxseed supplementation on lipid profile and liver enzymes. The study was designed, conducted, and reported according to the guidelines of the 2020 preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. A systematic and comprehensive search was performed in several databases from inception up to January 10, 2024. The meta-analysis on the impact of flaxseed supplementation on lipid profile and liver enzymes indicates that the overall effect of flaxseed supplementation on triglycerides, combining different doses, revealed a significant reduction with a WMD of - 230.72 (-53.95, - 27.49) and a P-value of 0.010. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) demonstrated a positive effect, with an overall WMD of 1.82 (0.27, 3.38) and a P-value of 0.021, indicating an increase in HDL levels. The liver enzymes AST and ALT displayed reductions in their levels, with overall WMDs of - 21.18 (-2.95, 0.59) and - 24.83 (-8.74, - 20.91), respectively. Subgroup analysis based on dosage revealed more pronounced reductions in ALT levels for doses below 2000 mg/day. Findings from this study suggest that a flaxseed supplement might be beneficial to modulate the blood lipid profile and liver enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dyari H Ahmed
- Nursing Department, Halabja Technical Institute, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Hawal Lateef Fateh
- Nursing Department, Kalar Technical Institute, Garmian Polytechnic University, Kalar, Iraq.
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Sabet HR, Ahmadi M, Akrami M, Motamed M, Keshavarzian O, Abdollahi M, Rezaei M, Akbari H. Effects of flaxseed supplementation on weight loss, lipid profiles, glucose, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in patients with coronary artery disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Cardiol 2024; 47:e24211. [PMID: 38269632 PMCID: PMC10790321 DOI: 10.1002/clc.24211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of flaxseed supplementation on weight loss, lipid profiles, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and glucose levels in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). A systematic search was performed using various online databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library, to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) until June 2023. To evaluate heterogeneity among the selected studies, the Q-test and I2 statistics were employed. Data were combined using either a fixed- or random-effects model and presented as a weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Of the 428 citations, six RCTs were included. The pooled results did not show significant changes in the WMD of lipid factors (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol) following flaxseed intake. However, after performing a sensitivity analysis to determine the source of heterogeneity, flaxseed supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in TG levels (WMD = -18.39 mg/dL; 95% CI: -35.02, -1.75). Moreover, no significant differences were observed in either weight or BMI following flaxseed intake. However, the circulating levels of fasting blood glucose (WMD = -8.35 mg/dL; 95% CI: -15.01, -1.69, p = .01) and hs-CRP (WMD = -1.35 mg/L; 95% CI: -1.93, -0.77, p < .01) significantly decreased after the intervention. Flaxseed supplementation was associated with lowering FBS, hs-CRP, and TG levels but did not affect weight loss parameters and other lipid markers in CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Sabet
- Medical Journalism Department, School of Paramedical SciencesShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Mohammad Ahmadi
- Students' Scientific Research CenterTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mehdi Akrami
- Cardiovascular DepartmentShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Mahsa Motamed
- Department of PsychiatryTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Omid Keshavarzian
- Shiraz School for MedicineShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Mozhan Abdollahi
- Student Research Committee, School of MedicineShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Mehdi Rezaei
- Department of Cardiology, Fars‐Iranian Heart AssociationFars Society of Internal MedicineShirazIran
| | - Hamed Akbari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
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Sharaf MS, Othman AA, Abdel-Ghaffar AE, Ali DM, Eid MM. Crusted scabies in a rabbit model: a severe skin disease or more? Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:413. [PMID: 37964301 PMCID: PMC10647032 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05995-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Around 200-300 million people are estimated to be affected by scabies annually worldwide. However, the mechanisms by which this disease may affect the general condition of the host are not entirely clear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the systemic changes that may accompany crusted scabies in both treated and non-treated experimental animals. METHODS Male New Zealand rabbits were infected with Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi and divided into the following three groups: control, ivermectin-treated, and fluralaner-treated. Several methods were used to evaluate the systemic changes, including histopathological examination of the liver, kidney, heart, and spleen, as well as the measurement of serum biochemical parameters and immunological parameters. RESULTS Several definite structural and functional changes at the systemic level were revealed, as evidenced by the observed histopathological changes in the tissue sections of internal organs and the highly significant increases in markers of systemic inflammation, serum procalcitonin, and oxidative stress markers. Abnormalities in the liver and renal function results, as well as in the serum lipid profile, were also noted. Additionally, a disorganized immune response was noted, evidenced by a mixed type 1 and type 2 helper T cell response. Although there was notable clinical and parasitological cure in the ivermectin-treated group, the histopathological, biochemical, and immunological markers indicated incomplete resolution. In contrast, the fluralaner-treated group exhibited a nearly complete resolution of changes in these parameters. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that crusted scabies is a systemic syndrome that can affect several organs besides the skin. Inflammation, oxidative stress, and possibly bacterial infections, are all implicated as underlying mechanisms of tissue damage due to the disease. We recommend that fluralaner, a promising scabicidal agent, should be studied for possible human use, and especially for control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Ali Othman
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Dareen Mohamed Ali
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud Eid
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Sobeková A, Piešová E, Maková Z, Szabóová R, Sopková D, Andrejčáková Z, Vlčková R, Faixová D, Faixová Z. Duration of the Flaxseed Supplementation Affects Antioxidant Defence Mechanisms and the Oxidative Stress of Fattening Pigs. Vet Sci 2023; 10:586. [PMID: 37756108 PMCID: PMC10535897 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10090586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the duration of a flaxseed diet on fattening pigs' antioxidant defence mechanism in blood and tissues. Eighteen 20-week-old Landrace breed fattening pigs (BW 76.61 ± 2.30 kg) were divided into three groups of six animals. The control group was fed a basal diet. The FS3 group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 10% flaxseed for 3 weeks. The FS6 group received the same basal diet with flaxseed for 6 weeks. The total antioxidant capacity of the blood, measured as the total antioxidant status (TAS), total plasma antioxidant capacity (FRAP), reactive oxygen metabolites (dROMs) and total antioxidant capacity (PAT), was not affected by the flaxseed diet. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were significantly decreased in the FS3 pigs in the heart (p < 0.05). However, in the FS3 group, the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity significantly increased compared to the control, but in the FS6 group, the activity was inhibited (p < 0.05). In the muscle, the CAT and GST activity was significantly decreased in the FS3 group (p < 0.05). The thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) content was significantly reduced in the brain, muscle and heart in the FS3 group(p < 0.05). In FS6, the TBARS content significantly increased in the heart and brain (p < 0.05). Our results showed that the health effect of a flaxseed diet is significantly conditioned by the length of the flaxseed addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sobeková
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Elena Piešová
- Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia; (E.P.); (Z.M.); (R.S.); (D.S.); (Z.A.); (R.V.)
| | - Zuzana Maková
- Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia; (E.P.); (Z.M.); (R.S.); (D.S.); (Z.A.); (R.V.)
| | - Renáta Szabóová
- Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia; (E.P.); (Z.M.); (R.S.); (D.S.); (Z.A.); (R.V.)
| | - Drahomíra Sopková
- Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia; (E.P.); (Z.M.); (R.S.); (D.S.); (Z.A.); (R.V.)
| | - Zuzana Andrejčáková
- Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia; (E.P.); (Z.M.); (R.S.); (D.S.); (Z.A.); (R.V.)
| | - Radoslava Vlčková
- Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia; (E.P.); (Z.M.); (R.S.); (D.S.); (Z.A.); (R.V.)
| | - Dominika Faixová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Zita Faixová
- Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia; (E.P.); (Z.M.); (R.S.); (D.S.); (Z.A.); (R.V.)
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Khater SI, Shalabi M, Alammash BB, Alrais AI, Al-Ahmadi DS, Alqahtani LS, Khameis T, Abdelaziz S, Elkelish A, El-Dawy K. Evaluation of flaxseed lignan-enriched extract targeting autophagy, apoptosis, and hedgehog pathways against experimentally induced obesity. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023; 10:321-335. [PMID: 37534085 PMCID: PMC10390674 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2023.j684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This research investigated secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) flax extract effects on apoptosis, hedgehog (Hh), autophagy, and the anti-oxidation process in experimentally induced obesity. Materials and Methods Forty rats were separated into two sets regarding either receiving a normal balanced diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) and then distributed into four groups: GI: The control group had a regular diet for 12 weeks. GII: animals received a high-fat meal and saline by gastric gavage. GIII: HFD obese rats treated with SDG extract orally (10 mg/kg/b.w.) and 1.18 mg SDG/kg in the diet for 4 weeks GIV: Normal balanced diet rats received SDG extract orally (10 mg/kg/b.w.) and 1.18 mg SDG/kg of chow for 12 weeks in addition to their regular balanced diet. Results The administration of SDG extract exhibited a significant drop in body weight, glucose, lipid profile, and leptin compared to the obese group. It also improved the antioxidant levels (lowering the levels of malondialdehyde while increasing the total antioxidant capacity) and anti-inflammatory status (decreasing interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha). SDG extract downregulates the expression of HH genes (protein patched homolog 1, Hh-interacting protein, glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1, and smoothened receptor) in conjunction with the modulation of autophagy genes and apoptotic proteins. Conclusion SDG extract showed improved anti-inflammatory and antioxidant status and downregulated the expression of HH genes while modulating autophagy genes and apoptotic proteins among obese rats, suggesting that it may be used to avert and manage obesity and its correlated complications by modulating oxidation, inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis. Advanced future research on the SDG autophagy pathway to address obesity and its complications is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa I. Khater
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Maram Shalabi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Alaa I. Alrais
- King Fahad Hospital, Ministry of Health, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa S. Al-Ahmadi
- Maternity and Children Hospital (MCH), Ministry of Health, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena S. Alqahtani
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek Khameis
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sahar Abdelaziz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amr Elkelish
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kh. El-Dawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Settar A, Khaldoun H, Tarzaali D, Djennane N, Makhlouf C, Selmani I, Yasmine O, Amel K. Lambda cyhalothrin and chlorantraniliprole caused biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical alterations in male rabbit liver: Ameliorative effect of vitamins A, D, E, C mixture. Toxicology 2023; 487:153464. [PMID: 36813254 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides can cause serious environmental and human health consequences such as metabolic disruption and even cancers. Preventive molecules such as vitamins can be an effective solution. The present study aimed to investigate the toxic effect of an insecticide mixture formulation of lambda cyhalothrin and chlorantraniliprole (Ampligo® 150 ZC), on the liver of male rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and the possible ameliorative effect of vitamins A, D3, E, and C mixture. For that, 18 male rabbits were divided into 3 equal groups: Control (distilled water), AP (20 mg/Kg bw of the insecticide mixture every other day, orally for 28 days), AP+ADEC (20 mg/Kg bw of the insecticide mixture + 0,5 ml of vitamin AD3E+ 200 mg/kg bw of vitamin C every other day). The effects were evaluated on body weight, food intake changes, biochemical parameters, liver histology, and immunohistochemical expression of AFP, Bcl2, E-cadherin, Ki67, and P53. Results indicated that AP reduced weight gain (6.71%) and feed intake, increased ALT, ALP, and TC plasma levels, and caused hepatic tissular damages such as dilatation and congestion of the central vein, sinusoidal dilatation, inflammatory cells infiltration, and collagen deposition. Hepatic immunostaining showed an increase in the tissular expression of AFP, Bcl2, Ki67, and P53 and a significant (p < 0,05) decrease in E-cadherin expression. In contrast, supplementation of vitamins A, D3, E, and C mixture improved the previous observed alterations. Our study revealed that a sub-acute exposure to an insecticide mixture of lambda cyhalothrin and chlorantraniliprole induced numerous functional and structural disorders in the rabbit liver and the addition of vitamins ameliorated these damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Settar
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment and Health, Department of Agri-food, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Blida 1, Route de Soumaa, BP270, Blida, Algeria.
| | - Hassina Khaldoun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Blida 1, Route de Soumaa, BP270, Blida, Algeria
| | - Dalila Tarzaali
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Blida 1, Route de Soumaa, BP270, Blida, Algeria
| | - Nacima Djennane
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Bab El Oued, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Chahrazed Makhlouf
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Blida 1, Route de Soumaa, BP270, Blida, Algeria
| | - Ichrak Selmani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Blida 1, Route de Soumaa, BP270, Blida, Algeria
| | | | - Khaldoune Amel
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Blida 1, Route de Soumaa, BP270, Blida, Algeria
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Zając M, Kiczorowska B, Samolińska W, Klebaniuk R, Andrejko D, Kiczorowski P, Milewski S, Winiarska-Mieczan A. Supplementation of Broiler Chicken Feed Mixtures with Micronised Oilseeds and the Effects on Nutrient Contents and Mineral Profiles of Meat and Some Organs, Carcass Composition Parameters, and Health Status. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131623. [PMID: 35804522 PMCID: PMC9265055 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we included 15% doses of infrared-irradiated camelina, flax, and sunflower seeds in the diets of broiler chickens (grower and finisher) and focused on assessing the effects on the production traits, selected slaughter analysis parameters, nutrients, and minerals in breast and drumstick meat and some organs, i.e., liver, proventriculus, and heart. In total, 200 one-day-old broiler chickens were assigned randomly to four treatments with five replicate cages of 10 broiler chickens per cage (five females and five males). The experiment lasted 6 weeks. In the group of broiler chickens in which diets were supplemented with micronised camelina and flax seeds, there was an increase in (p < 0.05) breast, thigh, and drumstick weight and a decrease (p < 0.05) in the abdominal fat of the carcasses. The oilseed treatments reduced the ether extract content and the calorific value in the breast and drumstick muscles and organs. The flax seeds contributed to an increase in the contents of Ca (breast muscle and liver), Cu (breast muscle and proventriculus), and Fe (drumstick muscle and heart). Likewise, some blood parameters were influenced by supplementation with infrared-irradiated camelina and flax seeds, for example, there was a decrease in the haemoglobin level and the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (p < 0.05). The oilseed treatments also modified the contents of Fe and Ca in the blood plasma of broiler chickens (p < 0.05). It may be concluded that infrared-irradiated camelina, flax, and sunflower seeds can be regarded as good diet components exerting positive effects on the dietary value of poultry meat and organs used in dietetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Zając
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka Street 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.Z.); (W.S.); (R.K.); (S.M.); (A.W.-M.)
| | - Bożena Kiczorowska
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka Street 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.Z.); (W.S.); (R.K.); (S.M.); (A.W.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-445-69-15
| | - Wioletta Samolińska
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka Street 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.Z.); (W.S.); (R.K.); (S.M.); (A.W.-M.)
| | - Renata Klebaniuk
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka Street 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.Z.); (W.S.); (R.K.); (S.M.); (A.W.-M.)
| | - Dariusz Andrejko
- Department of Biological Bases of Food and Feed Technologies, University of Life Sciences, Głęboka Street 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (D.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Piotr Kiczorowski
- Department of Biological Bases of Food and Feed Technologies, University of Life Sciences, Głęboka Street 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (D.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Szymon Milewski
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka Street 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.Z.); (W.S.); (R.K.); (S.M.); (A.W.-M.)
| | - Anna Winiarska-Mieczan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka Street 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.Z.); (W.S.); (R.K.); (S.M.); (A.W.-M.)
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Bujok J, Miśta D, Wincewicz E, Króliczewska B, Dzimira S, Żuk M. Atherosclerosis Development and Aortic Contractility in Hypercholesterolemic Rabbits Supplemented with Two Different Flaxseed Varieties. Foods 2021; 10:534. [PMID: 33806676 PMCID: PMC8001360 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is widely regarded as the main beneficial component of flax for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. We evaluated the effect of the transgenic flaxseed W86-which is rich in ALA-on the lipid profile, atherosclerosis progression, and vascular reactivity in hypercholesterolemic rabbits compared to the parental cultivar Linola with a very low ALA content. Rabbits were fed a basal diet (control) or a basal diet supplemented with 1% cholesterol, 1% cholesterol and 10% flaxseed W86, or 1% cholesterol and 10% Linola flaxseed. A high-cholesterol diet resulted in an elevated plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels compared to the control animals. Aortic sections from rabbits fed Linola had lower deposits of foamy cells than those from rabbits fed W86. A potassium-induced and phenylephrine-induced contractile response was enhanced by a high-cholesterol diet and not influenced by the W86 or Linola flaxseed. Pretreatment of the aortic rings with nitro-L-arginine methyl ester resulted in a concentration-dependent tendency to increase the reaction amplitude in the control and high-cholesterol diet groups but not the flaxseed groups. Linola flaxseed with a low ALA content more effectively reduced the atherosclerosis progression compared with the W86 flaxseed with a high concentration of stable ALA. Aorta contractility studies suggested that flaxseed ameliorated an increased contractility in hypercholesterolemia but had little or no impact on NO synthesis in the vascular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Bujok
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (D.M.); (E.W.); (B.K.)
| | - Dorota Miśta
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (D.M.); (E.W.); (B.K.)
| | - Edyta Wincewicz
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (D.M.); (E.W.); (B.K.)
| | - Bożena Króliczewska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (D.M.); (E.W.); (B.K.)
| | - Stanisław Dzimira
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Żuk
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland;
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Zając M, Kiczorowska B, Samolińska W, Klebaniuk R. Inclusion of Camelina, Flax, and Sunflower Seeds in the Diets for Broiler Chickens: Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients, Growth Performance, Health Status, and Carcass and Meat Quality Traits. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10020321. [PMID: 32085556 PMCID: PMC7070380 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The presented results were obtained in a scientific trial, in which the addition of camelina, flax, and sunflower seeds to Ross 308 broiler diets was tested in terms of improvement of production efficiency, health status parameters, and quality of poultry meat. The results of the research showed that the tested full-fat seeds can be considered good dietary ingredients with a positive effect on the poultry production process and, consequently, on the dietary value of poultry meat. Abstract The study determined the effect of the addition of 15% of camelina, flax, and sunflower seeds to iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets for broiler chickens during 21–42 days of age on the nutrient digestibility, production traits, slaughter analysis parameters, hematological indices, blood mineral elements, and dietary value of breast and drumstick meat. Two hundred one-day-old broiler chickens were assigned to four groups (treatments) with five replicates (10 birds per cage, 5 females and 5 males). The experiment lasted 6 weeks. Broiler chickens receiving diets supplemented with camelina and flax seeds exhibited an increase (p < 0.05) in average body weight and a decrease (p < 0.05) in the ether extract content and energy digestibility of the diets. Moreover, the best carcass quality with a high proportion of muscles and low abdominal fat content (p < 0.05) was noted in broilers fed flax- and sunflower-enriched diets. The treatments with the oil seeds reduced the ether extract content and the calorific value of breast and drumstick muscles. The flax seeds contributed to an increase in the Fe content in drumstick muscles. Additionally, some blood parameters were influenced by the flax seed supplementation, e.g., the level of hemoglobin declined (p < 0.05) and the iron level in plasma increased (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that the camelina, flax, and sunflower seeds can be regarded as good dietary components with positive effects on the dietary value of poultry meat.
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Effect of flaxseed supplementation on lipid profile: An updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of sixty-two randomized controlled trials. Pharmacol Res 2020; 152:104622. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Meng LB, Qi R, Xu L, Chen Y, Yu Z, Guo P, Gong T. The more critical murderer of atherosclerosis than lipid metabolism: chronic stress. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:143. [PMID: 29921279 PMCID: PMC6009046 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0795-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mortality of atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease is on the rise, and changes in intimal and media thickness are a leading cause of cerebral ischemia-related death. Levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), total cholesterol (TC), and chronic stress (CS) are all recognized risk factors for atherosclerosis (AS). However, the leading independent risk factor is indistinct. This study explored the effects of chronic stress, LDLC, and TC on AS and intimal and media thickness, preliminarily explored the main risk factor of AS, and analyzed the related histocyte mechanisms for macrophages and endothelial cells. METHODS Conditions include normal, high-fat diet (HF), and HF plus CS. The correlations between intimal and media thickness and general risk factors were analyzed using χ2, Spearman's rho test, and multiple linear regression. Univariate Cox regression was used to identify potential factors that affect the non-depression time (NDT). We performed a ROC curve to determine the ability of this condition to predict the thickness. Immunohistochemistry was implemented to detect macrophagocytes and endotheliocytes. RESULTS Based on χ2 and Spearman's rho test, LDLC, TC, and CS are all related with intimal and media thickness (P < 0.05). However, in multiple linear regression, CS is still a risk factor of thickness (P < 0.05) but LDLC and TC are not. High levels of LDLC, TC, and CS were correlated with poor NDT (P < 0.05). This condition can predict the thickness sensitively. The endarterium is richest in macrophagocytes, and the arrangement of endotheliocytes is disordered and cracked under CS. CONCLUSION CS is the main independent risk factor for AS and intimal (and media) thickness, rather than LDLC or TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-bing Meng
- Neurology Department, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, No.1 Dahua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruomei Qi
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, No.1 Dahua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Xu
- Neurology Department, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, No.1 Dahua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Chen
- Neurology Department, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, No.1 Dahua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zemou Yu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Neurology Department, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, No.1 Dahua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China
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