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Camprodon-Boadas P, Gil-Dominguez A, De la Serna E, Sugranyes G, Lázaro I, Baeza I. Mediterranean Diet and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae053. [PMID: 38758659 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Childhood and adolescence are periods of critical importance in the development of mental health disorders. The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been linked to multiple positive health outcomes, including reduced incidence of mental health disorders and fewer psychiatric symptoms. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the association between adherence to an MD and mental health outcomes in children and adolescents. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted of original research that explored the relationship between psychiatric symptoms or disorders and adherence to an MD. The literature search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, MEDES, Dialnet, and Latindex from inception to November 2022, and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of studies. RESULTS A total of 13 studies (6 cross-sectional, 4 case-control, 2 randomized clinical trials, and 1 longitudinal cohort) out of 450 met the inclusion criteria. A total of 3058 children or adolescents with a mean age range from 8.6 to 16.2 years were included. Among the reviewed studies, 5 (71.42%) of those looking at attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, 4 (80%) examining depression, and 2 (50%) assessing anxiety found a significant protective association. Seven articles (53.84%) were found to be of high quality and 6 (46.15%) of moderate quality. CONCLUSION Adherence to an MD could be a protective factor for mental health in child and adolescent populations. This suggests that promoting an MD could help prevent the onset of clinical psychiatric symptoms, reduce symptom severity, and improve prognosis in young patients. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021276316.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Camprodon-Boadas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2021SGR01319, Institut Clinic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Aitana Gil-Dominguez
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Elena De la Serna
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2021SGR01319, Institut Clinic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Gisela Sugranyes
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2021SGR01319, Institut Clinic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Iolanda Lázaro
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Immaculada Baeza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2021SGR01319, Institut Clinic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
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Mongan D, Perry BI, Healy C, Susai SR, Zammit S, Cannon M, Cotter DR. Longitudinal trajectories of plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids and associations with psychosis-spectrum outcomes in early adulthood. Biol Psychiatry 2024:S0006-3223(24)01229-0. [PMID: 38631425 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence supports associations between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and psychosis. However, PUFA trajectories in the general population have not been characterised and associations with psychosis-spectrum outcomes in early adulthood are unknown. background METHODS: Plasma omega-6:omega-3 ratio and DHA %total fatty acids were measured by nuclear magnetic spectroscopy at 7,15,17 and 24years in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Curvilinear growth mixture modelling evaluated BMI-adjusted trajectories of both measures. Outcomes were assessed at 24years. Psychotic experiences (PEs), At-Risk-Mental-State status, psychotic disorder and number of PEs were assessed using the Psychosis-Like Symptoms interview PLIKSi (n=3635, 2247 [61.8%]female). Negative symptoms score was measured using the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (n=3484, 2161 [62.0%]female). Associations were adjusted for sex, ethnicity, parental social class, cumulative smoking and alcohol use. RESULTS Relative to stable average, the persistently high omega-6:omega-3 ratio trajectory was associated with increased odds of PEs and psychotic disorder, but attenuated on adjustment for covariates (PEs adjusted odds ratio[aOR] 1.63, 95% confidence interval[CI] 0.92-2.89; psychotic disorder aOR 1.69, 95%CI 0.71-4.07). This was also the case for persistently low DHA (PEs aOR 1.42, 95%CI 0.84-2.37; psychotic disorder aOR 1.14, 95%CI 0.49-2.67). Following adjustment, persistently high omega-6:omega-3 ratio was associated with increased number of PEs (β0.41, 95%CI 0.05-0.78) and negative symptoms score (β0.43, 95%CI 0.14-0.72), as was persistently low DHA (number of PEs:β 0.45, 95%CI 0.14-0.76; negative symptoms:β 0.35, 95%CI 0.12-0.58). CONCLUSIONS Optimisation of PUFA status during development warrants further investigation in relation to psychotic symptoms in early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mongan
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Benjamin I Perry
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Colm Healy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Subash Raj Susai
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stan Zammit
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland; Future Neuro SFI Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David R Cotter
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland; Future Neuro SFI Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
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Byrne MK, Cook R, Murta JCD, Bressington D, Meyer BJ. Dietary Intakes of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Impulsivity: Comparing Non-Restricted, Vegetarian, and Vegan Diets. Nutrients 2024; 16:875. [PMID: 38542786 PMCID: PMC10975088 DOI: 10.3390/nu16060875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests a link between deficiencies in omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) and impulsivity among psychiatric populations. However, this association is less evident in non-clinical populations. As omega-3 LCPUFAs are predominantly sourced through fish consumption, non-fish dieters may be more vulnerable to higher impulsivity. METHODS This cross-sectional observational study explored the association between lower intakes of omega-3 LCPUFA food sources and higher self-reported measures of impulsivity among healthy adults consuming non-restricted, vegetarian, and vegan diets. RESULTS The results from the validated Food Frequency Questionnaire showed significantly lower estimated omega-3 LCPUFA intakes among vegans and vegetarians when compared with people consuming non-restricted diets. Furthermore, although all groups scored within the normal range of impulsivity measures, vegans scored comparatively higher. Vegans also scored significantly higher in impulsivity control relating to attention than those consuming non-restricted diets. CONCLUSIONS The significantly lower omega-3 LCPUFA dietary intakes in the vegan diets were associated with higher scores in the second-order attentional aspect of self-reported impulsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell K. Byrne
- Faculty of Health, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia; (M.K.B.); (R.C.); (J.C.D.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Rebecca Cook
- Faculty of Health, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia; (M.K.B.); (R.C.); (J.C.D.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Janina C. D. Murta
- Faculty of Health, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia; (M.K.B.); (R.C.); (J.C.D.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Daniel Bressington
- Faculty of Health, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia; (M.K.B.); (R.C.); (J.C.D.M.); (D.B.)
- Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, 110/406 Inthawaroros Road, Sri Phum District, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Barbara J. Meyer
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Lipid Research Centre, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Zailani H, Satyanarayanan SK, Liao WC, Liao HF, Huang SY, Gałecki P, Su KP, Chang JPC. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Managing Comorbid Mood Disorders in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072653. [PMID: 37048736 PMCID: PMC10095486 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third-leading cause of mortality globally, significantly affecting people over 40 years old. COPD is often comorbid with mood disorders; however, they are frequently neglected or undiagnosed in COPD management, thus resulting in unintended treatment outcomes and higher mortality associated with the disease. Although the exact link between COPD and mood disorders remains to be ascertained, there is a broader opinion that inflammatory reactions in the lungs, blood, and inflammation-induced changes in the brain could orchestrate the onset of mood disorders in COPD. Although the current management of mood disorders such as depression in COPD involves using antidepressants, their use has been limited due to tolerability issues. On the other hand, as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) play a vital role in regulating inflammatory responses, they could be promising alternatives in managing mood disorders in COPD. This review discusses comorbid mood disorders in COPD as well as their influence on the progression and management of COPD. The underlying mechanisms of comorbid mood disorders in COPD will also be discussed, along with the potential role of n-3 PUFAs in managing these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halliru Zailani
- Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Senthil Kumaran Satyanarayanan
- Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Liao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Feng Liao
- Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Centre, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Piotr Gałecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, 91-229 Lodz, Poland
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan 833, Taiwan
| | - Jane Pei-Chen Chang
- Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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Bhatara VS, Daniel J, Whitman C, Vik T, Bernstein B, Simkin DR. Complementary/Integrative Medicine Treatment and Prevention of Youth Psychosis. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2023; 32:273-296. [PMID: 37147040 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The rationale for CIM treatments in youth psychoses is to optimize treatment by targeting symptoms not resolved by antipsychotics, such as negative symptoms (major drivers of disability). Adjunctive omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FA) or N-acetyl cystine (NAC usage for > 24-week) can potentially reduce negative symptoms and improve function. ω-3 FA or exercise may prevent progression to psychosis in youth (in prodromal stage). Weekly 90-minute moderate to vigorous physical activity or aerobic exercise can reduce positive and negative symptoms. Awaiting better research, CIM agents are also recommended because they are devoid of any serious side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod S Bhatara
- Department of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, University of South Dakota, Sanford School of Medicine, 2601 W Nicole Drive, Sioux Falls, SD 57105-3329, USA.
| | - Jeremy Daniel
- South Dakota State University, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, Avera Behavioral Health
| | - Carol Whitman
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Tamara Vik
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Bettina Bernstein
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Clinical Affiliate Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Deborah R Simkin
- Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, 8955 Highway 98 West, Suite 204, Miramar Beach, FL 32550, USA
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The In Vitro, Ex Vivo, and In Vivo Effect of Edible Oils: A Review on Cell Interactions. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030869. [PMID: 36986730 PMCID: PMC10056871 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of edible oils is a significant part of the dietary pattern in the developed and developing world. Marine and vegetable oils are assumed to be part of a healthy food pattern, especially if one takes into account their potential role in protecting against inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome due to the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids and minor bioactive compounds. Exploring the potential effect of edible fats and oils on health and chronic diseases is an emerging field worldwide. This study reviews the current knowledge of the in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo effect of edible oils in contact with various cell types and aims to demonstrate which nutritional and bioactive components of a variety of edible oils present biocompatibility, antimicrobial properties, antitumor activity, anti-angiogenic activity, and antioxidant activity. Through this review, a wide variety of cell interactions with edible oils and their potential to counteract oxidative stress in pathological conditions are presented as well. Moreover, the gaps in current knowledge are also highlighted, and future perspectives on edible oils and their health benefits and potential to counteract a wide variety of diseases through possible molecular mechanisms are also discussed.
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da Silva BPM, Fanalli SL, Gomes JD, de Almeida VV, Fukumasu H, Freitas FAO, Moreira GCM, Silva-Vignato B, Reecy JM, Koltes JE, Koltes D, de Carvalho Balieiro JC, de Alencar SM, da Silva JPM, Coutinho LL, Afonso J, Regitano LCDA, Mourão GB, Luchiari Filho A, Cesar ASM. Brain fatty acid and transcriptome profiles of pig fed diets with different levels of soybean oil. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:91. [PMID: 36855067 PMCID: PMC9976441 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09188-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high similarity in anatomical and neurophysiological processes between pigs and humans make pigs an excellent model for metabolic diseases and neurological disorders. Lipids are essential for brain structure and function, and the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have anti-inflammatory and positive effects against cognitive dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. Nutrigenomics studies involving pigs and fatty acids (FA) may help us in better understanding important biological processes. In this study, the main goal was to evaluate the effect of different levels of dietary soybean oil on the lipid profile and transcriptome in pigs' brain tissue. RESULTS Thirty-six male Large White pigs were used in a 98-day study using two experimental diets corn-soybean meal diet containing 1.5% soybean oil (SOY1.5) and corn-soybean meal diet containing 3.0% soybean oil (SOY3.0). No differences were found for the brain total lipid content and FA profile between the different levels of soybean oil. For differential expression analysis, using the DESeq2 statistical package, a total of 34 differentially expressed genes (DEG, FDR-corrected p-value < 0.05) were identified. Of these 34 DEG, 25 are known-genes, of which 11 were up-regulated (log2 fold change ranging from + 0.25 to + 2.93) and 14 were down-regulated (log2 fold change ranging from - 3.43 to -0.36) for the SOY1.5 group compared to SOY3.0. For the functional enrichment analysis performed using MetaCore with the 34 DEG, four pathway maps were identified (p-value < 0.05), related to the ALOX15B (log2 fold change - 1.489), CALB1 (log2 fold change - 3.431) and CAST (log2 fold change + 0.421) genes. A "calcium transport" network (p-value = 2.303e-2), related to the CAST and CALB1 genes, was also identified. CONCLUSION The results found in this study contribute to understanding the pathways and networks associated with processes involved in intracellular calcium, lipid metabolism, and oxidative processes in the brain tissue. Moreover, these results may help a better comprehension of the modulating effects of soybean oil and its FA composition on processes and diseases affecting the brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Pereira Martins da Silva
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simara Larissa Fanalli
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia Dezen Gomes
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Vezzoni de Almeida
- grid.411195.90000 0001 2192 5801College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás Brazil
| | - Heidge Fukumasu
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe André Oliveira Freitas
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Bárbara Silva-Vignato
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - James Mark Reecy
- grid.34421.300000 0004 1936 7312College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | - James Eugene Koltes
- grid.34421.300000 0004 1936 7312College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | - Dawn Koltes
- grid.34421.300000 0004 1936 7312College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | - Júlio Cesar de Carvalho Balieiro
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Severino Matias de Alencar
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia Pereira Martins da Silva
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Lehmann Coutinho
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Afonso
- grid.460200.00000 0004 0541 873XEmbrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gerson Barreto Mourão
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Albino Luchiari Filho
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Silva Mello Cesar
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Sitarz R, Juchnowicz D, Karakuła K, Forma A, Baj J, Rog J, Karpiński R, Machrowska A, Karakuła-Juchnowicz H. Niacin Skin Flush Backs-From the Roots of the Test to Nowadays Hope. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051879. [PMID: 36902666 PMCID: PMC10003235 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The niacin skin flush test (NSFT) is a simple method used to assess the content of fatty acids in cell membranes and is a possible indicator of factors hidden behind various outcomes in patients. The purpose of this paper is to determine the potential usefulness of NSFT in mental disorder diagnostics along with the determination of factors that may affect its results. The authors reviewed articles from 1977 onwards, focusing on the history, variety of methodologies, influencing factors, and proposed mechanisms underlying its performance. Research indicated that NSFT could be applicable in early intervention, staging in psychiatry, and the search for new therapeutic methods and drugs based on the mechanisms of NSFT action. The NSFT can contribute to defining an individualized diet for patients and prevent the development of damaging disease effects at an early stage. There is promising evidence for supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids, which have a beneficial influence on the metabolic profile and are effective even in the subclinical phase of the disease. NSFT can contribute to the new classification of diseases and a better understanding of certain mental disorders' pathophysiology. However, there is a need to establish a validated method for assessing the NSFT results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Sitarz
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Gluska Street 1, 20-439 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Dariusz Juchnowicz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Kaja Karakuła
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Gluska Street 1, 20-439 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Alicja Forma
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Gluska Street 1, 20-439 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Baj
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Rog
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Karpiński
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Gluska Street 1, 20-439 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Machine Design and Mechatronics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Machrowska
- Department of Machine Design and Mechatronics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Hanna Karakuła-Juchnowicz
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Gluska Street 1, 20-439 Lublin, Poland
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9
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Lin S, Li P, Qin J, Liu Q, Zhang J, Meng N, Jia C, Zhu K, Lv D, Sun L, Shang T, Lin Y, Niu W, Wang T. Exploring the key factors of schizophrenia relapse by integrating LC-MS/ 1H NMR metabolomics and weighted correlation network analysis. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 541:117252. [PMID: 36781041 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of comprehending key factors of schizophrenia relapse has impeded its effective treatment, indicating that the mechanism clarification and available intervention of schizophrenia relapse required further amelioration. METHOD Based on the integration of LC-MS and 1H NMR metabolomics, a weighted correlation network was established to screen pivotal factors of accelerating schizophrenia relapse. Then, the cluster most correlated with schizophrenia relapse was explored, and the biological function of cluster was investigated. Next, the key biomarker related to schizophrenia relapse was obtained through multiple algorithms. Moreover, the Lilikoi algorithm and correlation analysis were implemented to reveal the association between key biomarker and schizophrenia relapse. RESULT Results showed that 458 different forms of metabolites were identified for structuring the weighted correlation network. The module-trait correlation indicated that the turquoise module was the most highly correlated with schizophrenia relapse. Further, network analysis revealed that, in turquoise module, cluster 1 composed of 139 metabolites (involved in lipid metabolism and energy metabolism) was the most important subnetwork relevant to schizophrenia relapse. Finally, phenylalanylphenylalanine was recommended as the key biomarker related to schizophrenia relapse. Moreover, the correlation analysis indicated that phenylalanylphenylalanine might affect the progression of schizophrenia by intervening in energy metabolism. CONCLUSION In summary, critical factors of schizophrenia relapse have been revealed in our research, expounding the schizophrenia progression more systemically, which could shed some light on improving the intervention of schizophrenia relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Lin
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province 161006, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Mental Health, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province 161006, China
| | - Jinglei Qin
- Baiyupao Psychiatric Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150000, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Research Institute of Medicine & Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province 161006, China
| | - Jinling Zhang
- Research Institute of Medicine & Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province 161006, China
| | - Nana Meng
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province 161006, China
| | - Cuicui Jia
- School of Mental Health, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province 161006, China
| | - Kunjie Zhu
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province 161006, China
| | - Dan Lv
- School of Mental Health, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province 161006, China
| | - Lei Sun
- School of Mental Health, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province 161006, China
| | - Tinghuizi Shang
- School of Mental Health, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province 161006, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province 161006, China
| | - Weipan Niu
- Baiyupao Psychiatric Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150000, China
| | - Tianyang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province 161006, China.
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10
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Khan MM. Role of de novo lipogenesis in insulin resistance in first-episode psychosis and therapeutic options. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 143:104919. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Wang L, Liu T, Guo J, Zhao T, Tang H, Jin K, Li L, Xue Y, Yang R, Chen J, Tang M. Abnormal erythrocyte fatty acid composition in first-diagnosed, drug-naïve patients with depression. J Affect Disord 2022; 318:414-422. [PMID: 36113689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The correlation between fatty acids (FAs) and depression is not yet conclusive. This study examined the relationship of FAs composition with the presence and clinical characteristics of first-diagnosed, drug-naïve patients with depression. METHODS A total of 139 first-diagnosed, drug-naïve patients with depression and 55 healthy controls (HCs) were included in the cross-sectional study. The levels of erythrocyte membrane FAs were compared and then the correlation between clinical symptoms and fatty acid levels in depression was investigated. RESULTS Compared to HCs, patients with depression had higher C18:1n9t (z = -2.033, p = 0.042), C20:4n6 (z = -2.104, p = 0.035), C20:3n6 (z = -2.104, p = 0.035) and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (z = -2.127, p = 0.033), whereas the levels of C18:1n9c (z = -3.348, p = 0.001) were significantly lower. Higher C20:3n6, C20:4n6, C18:1n9t and n-6 PUFAs levels were associated with higher severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with depression, and the correlation remained after adjusting for the related confounding factors (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Patients with first-diagnosed, drug-naïve depression show abnormal erythrocyte fatty acid composition. Trans fatty acids (TFAs) and n-6 PUFAs levels are closely related to clinical characteristics of depression. This study indicated that increased n-6 PUFAs and TFAs are characteristic changes of first-diagnosed, drug-naïve depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jimin Guo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tingyu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Hui Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Kun Jin
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Li Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jindong Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Mimi Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
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12
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Evidence that complement and coagulation proteins are mediating the clinical response to omega-3 fatty acids: A mass spectrometry-based investigation in subjects at clinical high-risk for psychosis. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:454. [PMID: 36307392 PMCID: PMC9616837 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02217-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Preliminary evidence indicates beneficial effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in early psychosis. The present study investigates the molecular mechanism of omega-3 PUFA-associated therapeutic effects in clinical high-risk (CHR) participants. Plasma samples of 126 CHR psychosis participants at baseline and 6-months follow-up were included. Plasma protein levels were quantified using mass spectrometry and erythrocyte omega-3 PUFA levels were quantified using gas chromatography. We examined the relationship between change in polyunsaturated PUFAs (between baseline and 6-month follow-up) and follow-up plasma proteins. Using mediation analysis, we investigated whether plasma proteins mediated the relationship between change in omega-3 PUFAs and clinical outcomes. A 6-months change in omega-3 PUFAs was associated with 24 plasma proteins at follow-up. Pathway analysis revealed the complement and coagulation pathway as the main biological pathway to be associated with change in omega-3 PUFAs. Moreover, complement and coagulation pathway proteins significantly mediated the relationship between change in omega-3 PUFAs and clinical outcome at follow-up. The inflammatory protein complement C5 and protein S100A9 negatively mediated the relationship between change in omega-3 PUFAs and positive symptom severity, while C5 positively mediated the relationship between change in omega-3 and functional outcome. The relationship between change in omega-3 PUFAs and cognition was positively mediated through coagulation factor V and complement protein C1QB. Our findings provide evidence for a longitudinal association of omega-3 PUFAs with complement and coagulation protein changes in the blood. Further, the results suggest that an increase in omega-3 PUFAs decreases symptom severity and improves cognition in the CHR state through modulating effects of complement and coagulation proteins.
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13
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Decreased Activity of Erythrocyte Catalase and Glutathione Peroxidase in Patients with Schizophrenia. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58101491. [PMID: 36295651 PMCID: PMC9609318 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58101491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) are important antioxidant enzymes that break down hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in order to control its intracellular concentration, thus enabling its physiological role and preventing toxic effects. A lack or disruption of their function leads to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and the occurrence of oxidative stress. Accumulating studies have shown that the activities of key antioxidant enzymes are impaired in patients with schizophrenia. Since the published results are contradictory, and our previous studies found significantly higher erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in patients with schizophrenia, the aim of this study was to determine the activity of enzymes that degrade hydrogen peroxide in the same group of patients, as well as to examine their dependence on clinical symptoms, therapy, and parameters associated with this disease. Materials and Methods: Catalase and GPx activities were determined in the erythrocytes of 68 inpatients with schizophrenia and 59 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. The clinical assessment of patients was performed by using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The catalase activity was measured by the kinetic spectrophotometric method, while the GPx activity was determined by the commercially available Ransel test. Results: Erythrocyte catalase and GPx activities were significantly lower (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively) in subjects with schizophrenia than they were in healthy individuals. Lower catalase activity does not depend on heredity, disease onset, the number of episodes, or disease duration, while GPx activity showed significant changes in patients who had more than one episode and in those who had been suffering from the disease for over a year. Significantly lower catalase activity was noted in the PANSS(+/−) group in comparison with the PANSS(+) and PANSS(−) groups. The lowest catalase activity was found in subjects who were simultaneously treated with first- and second-generation antipsychotics; this was significantly lower than it was in those who received only one class of antipsychotics. Conclusion: These results indicate the presence of oxidative stress in the first years of clinically manifested schizophrenia and its dependence on the number of psychotic episodes, illness duration, predominant symptomatology, and antipsychotic medication.
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14
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Sarris J, Ravindran A, Yatham LN, Marx W, Rucklidge JJ, McIntyre RS, Akhondzadeh S, Benedetti F, Caneo C, Cramer H, Cribb L, de Manincor M, Dean O, Deslandes AC, Freeman MP, Gangadhar B, Harvey BH, Kasper S, Lake J, Lopresti A, Lu L, Metri NJ, Mischoulon D, Ng CH, Nishi D, Rahimi R, Seedat S, Sinclair J, Su KP, Zhang ZJ, Berk M. Clinician guidelines for the treatment of psychiatric disorders with nutraceuticals and phytoceuticals: The World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) and Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) Taskforce. World J Biol Psychiatry 2022; 23:424-455. [PMID: 35311615 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2021.2013041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The therapeutic use of nutrient-based 'nutraceuticals' and plant-based 'phytoceuticals' for the treatment of mental disorders is common; however, despite recent research progress, there have not been any updated global clinical guidelines since 2015. To address this, the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) and the Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Disorders (CANMAT) convened an international taskforce involving 31 leading academics and clinicians from 15 countries, between 2019 and 2021. These guidelines are aimed at providing a definitive evidence-informed approach to assist clinicians in making decisions around the use of such agents for major psychiatric disorders. We also provide detail on safety and tolerability, and clinical advice regarding prescription (e.g. indications, dosage), in addition to consideration for use in specialised populations. METHODS The methodology was based on the WFSBP guidelines development process. Evidence was assessed based on the WFSBP grading of evidence (and was modified to focus on Grade A level evidence - meta-analysis or two or more RCTs - due to the breadth of data available across all nutraceuticals and phytoceuticals across major psychiatric disorders). The taskforce assessed both the 'level of evidence' (LoE) (i.e. meta-analyses or RCTs) and the assessment of the direction of the evidence, to determine whether the intervention was 'Recommended' (+++), 'Provisionally Recommended' (++), 'Weakly Recommended' (+), 'Not Currently Recommended' (+/-), or 'Not Recommended' (-) for a particular condition. Due to the number of clinical trials now available in the field, we firstly examined the data from our two meta-reviews of meta-analyses (nutraceuticals conducted in 2019, and phytoceuticals in 2020). We then performed a search of additional relevant RCTs and reported on both these data as the primary drivers supporting our clinical recommendations. Lower levels of evidence, including isolated RCTs, open label studies, case studies, preclinical research, and interventions with only traditional or anecdotal use, were not assessed. RESULTS Amongst nutraceuticals with Grade A evidence, positive directionality and varying levels of support (recommended, provisionally recommended, or weakly recommended) was found for adjunctive omega-3 fatty acids (+++), vitamin D (+), adjunctive probiotics (++), adjunctive zinc (++), methylfolate (+), and adjunctive s-adenosyl methionine (SAMe) (+) in the treatment of unipolar depression. Monotherapy omega-3 (+/-), folic acid (-), vitamin C (-), tryptophan (+/-), creatine (+/-), inositol (-), magnesium (-), and n-acetyl cysteine (NAC) (+/-) and SAMe (+/-) were not supported for this use. In bipolar disorder, omega-3 had weak support for bipolar depression (+), while NAC was not currently recommended (+/-). NAC was weakly recommended (+) in the treatment of OCD-related disorders; however, no other nutraceutical had sufficient evidence in any anxiety-related disorder. Vitamin D (+), NAC (++), methylfolate (++) were recommended to varying degrees in the treatment of the negative symptoms in schizophrenia, while omega-3 fatty acids were not, although evidence suggests a role for prevention of transition to psychosis in high-risk youth, with potential pre-existing fatty acid deficiency. Micronutrients (+) and vitamin D (+) were weakly supported in the treatment of ADHD, while omega-3 (+/-) and omega-9 fatty acids (-), acetyl L carnitine (-), and zinc (+/-) were not supported. Phytoceuticals with supporting Grade A evidence and positive directionality included St John's wort (+++), saffron (++), curcumin (++), and lavender (+) in the treatment of unipolar depression, while rhodiola use was not supported for use in mood disorders. Ashwagandha (++), galphimia (+), and lavender (++) were modestly supported in the treatment of anxiety disorders, while kava (-) and chamomile (+/-) were not recommended for generalised anxiety disorder. Ginkgo was weakly supported in the adjunctive treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenia (+), but not supported in the treatment of ADHD (+/-). With respect to safety and tolerability, all interventions were deemed to have varying acceptable levels of safety and tolerability for low-risk over-the-counter use in most circumstances. Quality and standardisation of phytoceuticals was also raised by the taskforce as a key limiting issue for firmer confidence in these agents. Finally, the taskforce noted that such use of nutraceuticals or phytoceuticals be primarily recommended (where supportive evidence exists) adjunctively within a standard medical/health professional care model, especially in cases of more severe mental illness. Some meta-analyses reviewed contained data from heterogenous studies involving poor methodology. Isolated RCTs and other data such as open label or case series were not included, and it is recognised that an absence of data does not imply lack of efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Based on the current data and clinician input, a range of nutraceuticals and phytoceuticals were given either a supportive recommendation or a provisional recommendation across a range of various psychiatric disorders. However several had only a weak endorsement for potential use; for a few it was not possible to reach a clear recommendation direction, largely due to mixed study findings; while some other agents showed no obvious therapeutic benefit and were clearly not recommended for use. It is the intention of these guidelines to inform psychiatric/medical, and health professional practice globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Sarris
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia.,The Professorial Unit, The Melbourne Clinic; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Arun Ravindran
- University of Toronto and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Wolfgang Marx
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Julia J Rucklidge
- School of Psychology, Speech, and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- University of Toronto, Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shahin Akhondzadeh
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Centre, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- School of Medicine, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Constanza Caneo
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Holger Cramer
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lachlan Cribb
- The Professorial Unit, The Melbourne Clinic; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael de Manincor
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia
| | - Olivia Dean
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.,Mental Health Research Institute of Victoria, Parkville, Australia
| | - Andrea Camaz Deslandes
- Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marlene P Freeman
- Women's Mental Health Program, Department of Psychiatry, Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, United States
| | - Bangalore Gangadhar
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Brian H Harvey
- Division of Pharmacology, Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - James Lake
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tuscon, United States
| | - Adrian Lopresti
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Lin Lu
- Institute of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University and National Institute of Drug Dependence, Beijing, China
| | - Najwa-Joelle Metri
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia
| | - David Mischoulon
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chee H Ng
- The Professorial Unit, The Melbourne Clinic; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daisuke Nishi
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Justin Sinclair
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Zhang-Jin Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Michael Berk
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.,Orygen, National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
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15
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Susai SR, Mongan D, Healy C, Cannon M, Cagney G, Wynne K, Byrne JF, Markulev C, Schäfer MR, Berger M, Mossaheb N, Schlögelhofer M, Smesny S, Hickie IB, Berger GE, Chen EYH, de Haan L, Nieman DH, Nordentoft M, Riecher-Rössler A, Verma S, Street R, Thompson A, Ruth Yung A, Nelson B, McGorry PD, Föcking M, Paul Amminger G, Cotter D. Machine learning based prediction and the influence of complement - Coagulation pathway proteins on clinical outcome: Results from the NEURAPRO trial. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 103:50-60. [PMID: 35341915 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional outcomes are important measures in the overall clinical course of psychosis and individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR), however, prediction of functional outcome remains difficult based on clinical information alone. In the first part of this study, we evaluated whether a combination of biological and clinical variables could predict future functional outcome in CHR individuals. The complement and coagulation pathways have previously been identified as being of relevance to the pathophysiology of psychosis and have been found to contribute to the prediction of clinical outcome in CHR participants. Hence, in the second part we extended the analysis to evaluate specifically the relationship of complement and coagulation proteins with psychotic symptoms and functional outcome in CHR. MATERIALS AND METHODS We carried out plasma proteomics and measured plasma cytokine levels, and erythrocyte membrane fatty acid levels in a sub-sample (n = 158) from the NEURAPRO clinical trial at baseline and 6 months follow up. Functional outcome was measured using Social and Occupational Functional assessment Score (SOFAS) scale. Firstly, we used support vector machine learning techniques to develop predictive models for functional outcome at 12 months. Secondly, we developed linear regression models to understand the association between 6-month follow-up levels of complement and coagulation proteins with 6-month follow-up measures of positive symptoms summary (PSS) scores and functional outcome. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION A prediction model based on clinical and biological data including the plasma proteome, erythrocyte fatty acids and cytokines, poorly predicted functional outcome at 12 months follow-up in CHR participants. In linear regression models, four complement and coagulation proteins (coagulation protein X, Complement C1r subcomponent like protein, Complement C4A & Complement C5) indicated a significant association with functional outcome; and two proteins (coagulation factor IX and complement C5) positively associated with the PSS score. Our study does not provide support for the utility of cytokines, proteomic or fatty acid data for prediction of functional outcomes in individuals at high-risk for psychosis. However, the association of complement protein levels with clinical outcome suggests a role for the complement system and the activity of its related pathway in the functional impairment and positive symptom severity of CHR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subash Raj Susai
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - David Mongan
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm Healy
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gerard Cagney
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kieran Wynne
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jonah F Byrne
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Connie Markulev
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Miriam R Schäfer
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Maximus Berger
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nilufar Mossaheb
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Schlögelhofer
- BioPsyC-Biopsychosocial Corporation - Non-Profit Association for Research Funding, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Smesny
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gregor E Berger
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Service of the Canton of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eric Y H Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorien H Nieman
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Swapna Verma
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rebekah Street
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew Thompson
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Alison Ruth Yung
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Patrick D McGorry
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Melanie Föcking
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - G Paul Amminger
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - David Cotter
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
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16
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The high mortality and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) is maintained by poor diet. This narrative review summarizes recent literature to provide a reflection of current eating habits, dietary preferences, and nutritional status of SSD patients. Elucidating these factors provides new insights for potential lifestyle treatment strategies for SSD. RECENT FINDINGS Only 10.7% of the SSD patients had a healthy dietary pattern, against 23% of the general population. The dietic component of the Keeping the Body in Mind Xtend lifestyle program increased diet quality with 10% for young people with first-episode psychosis, compared to baseline, which was predominantly driven by increased vegetable variety and amounts. SUMMARY Recent findings render poor dietary habits as potential targets for treatment of SSD patients. Further studies into anti-inflammatory diets and associations with gut-brain biomarkers are warranted. When proven, structured and supervised diet interventions may help SSD patients escape from this entrapment, as only supplementing nutrients or providing dietary advice lacks the impact to significantly reduce the risk of chronic physical illnesses.
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17
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Zou Y, Zhou Z, Yin S, Huang C, Tang H, Yin Z. Targeting of gallbladder megalin receptors with DHA-conjugated limonene albumin nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:6052-6065. [PMID: 35380143 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07767h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gallbladder stones are a major pathogenic factor leading to cholecystitis, and it is increasingly important to explore innovative drug delivery methods for gallstones. In the present study, docosahexaenoic acid-coupled limonene bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (LIM-DHA-BSA-NPs) were constructed. The LIM-DHA-BSA-NPs are spherical structures, and the distribution was relatively uniform, and, more importantly, it has low cytotoxicity and good safety. The LIM-DHA-BSA-NPs solution shows higher uptake rates by RAW264.7 cells when compared with free limonene (LIM). The fluorescence intensity of FITC-modified BSA NPs was significantly higher than that of free FITC, which further indicated that the uptake of DHA-conjugated BSA NPs by RAW264.7 cells was stronger than that of the free drugs. Moreover, the in vivo distribution experiment showed that the enrichment of DiD-loaded BSA NPs in the gallbladder was significantly enhanced when compared with that of free DiD. The semi-quantitative fluorescence intensity results showed that the uptake of DiD-DHA-BSA-NPs was 4.5 times higher when compared with the free DiD. It is preliminarily shown that the DHA-conjugated BSA NPs that were constructed, have an ability to target the gallbladder. Furthermore, the Pearson colocalization coefficient Rcoloc from in vivo colocalization results indicates that the DHA-BSA-NPs had a good colocalization effect on the gallbladder epithelial cells (GBECs). In addition, the LIM-DHA-BSA-NPs solution not only significantly reduced the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) secreted by inflammatory model cells and the number of peripheral blood leukocytes in guinea pigs with cholecystitis, but also significantly decreased the activities of the aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glutamyl endopeptidase (GGT), total bile acid (TBA), and total bilirubin (TBIL) enzymes. Collectively, the LIM-DHA-BSA-NPs could be used as an effective anti-inflammatory agent at the cellular and animal levels. This experiment, for the first time, showed that DHA-conjugated BSA NPs could be absorbed into GBECs by megalin receptor-mediated endocytosis and then they exert an anti-cholecystitis effect because of the LIM. The active uptake of DHA-conjugated BSA NPs by the megalin receptors of the GBECs is expected to become an effective therapeutic strategy for cholecystolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zou
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Zishuo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Shanmei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Chengyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Hesong Tang
- Sichuan Emeishan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, No.6 Yingbin Road, High-tech Development Zone, Leshan City, Sichuan Province, 614000, China
| | - Zongning Yin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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18
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Su W, Li Z, Xu L, Zeng J, Tang Y, Tang X, Wei Y, Guo Q, Zhang T, Wang J. Different patterns of association between white matter microstructure and plasma unsaturated fatty acids in those with high risk for psychosis and healthy participants. Gen Psychiatr 2022; 35:e100703. [PMID: 35531577 PMCID: PMC9014058 DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2021-100703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundDisrupted white matter (WM) microstructure has been commonly identified in youth at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. Several lines of evidence suggest that fatty acids, especially unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), might play a crucial role in the WM pathology of early onset psychosis. However, evidence linking UFA and WM microstructure in CHR is quite sparse.AimsWe investigated the relationship between the plasma UFA level and WM microstructure in CHR participants and healthy controls (HC).MethodsPlasma fatty acids were assessed and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were performed with tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis for 66 individuals at CHR for psychosis and 70 HC.ResultsBoth the global and regional diffusion measures showed significant between-group differences, with decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) but increased mean diffusivity (MD) and radial diffusivity (RD) found in the CHR group compared with the HC group. On top of that, we found that in the HC group, plasma arachidic acid showed obvious trend-level associations with higher global FA, lower global MD and lower global RD, which regionally spread over the corpus callosum, right anterior and superior corona radiata, bilateral anterior and posterior limb of the internal capsule, and bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus. However, there were no associations between global WM measures and any UFA in the CHR group. Conversely, we even found negative associations between arachidic acid levels and regional FA values in the right superior longitudinal fasciculus and right retrolenticular part of the internal capsule in the CHR group.ConclusionsCompared with the HC group, CHR subjects exhibited a different pattern of association between WM microstructure and plasma UFA, with a neuroprotective effect found in the HC group but not in the CHR group. Such discrepancy could be due to the excessively upregulated UFAs accumulated in the plasma of the CHR group, highlighting the role of balanced plasma-membrane fatty acids homeostasis in WM development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Su
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixing Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahui Zeng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochen Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Patel A, Desai SS, Mane VK, Enman J, Rova U, Christakopoulos P, Matsakas L. Futuristic food fortification with a balanced ratio of dietary ω-3/ω-6 omega fatty acids for the prevention of lifestyle diseases. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Susai SR, Mongan D, Healy C, Cannon M, Nelson B, Markulev C, Schäfer MR, Berger M, Mossaheb N, Schlögelhofer M, Smesny S, Hickie IB, Berger GE, Chen EYH, de Haan L, Nieman DH, Nordentoft M, Riecher-Rössler A, Verma S, Thompson A, Yung AR, McGorry PD, Föcking M, Cotter D, Amminger GP. The association of plasma inflammatory markers with omega-3 fatty acids and their mediating role in psychotic symptoms and functioning: An analysis of the NEURAPRO clinical trial. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 99:147-156. [PMID: 34624483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that dysregulation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs) mediated membrane function plays a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Even though preclinical findings have supported the anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 FAs on brain health, their biological roles as anti-inflammatory agents and their therapeutic role on clinical symptoms of psychosis risk are not well understood. In the current study, we investigated the relationship of erythrocyte omega-3 FAs with plasma immune markers in a clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) sample. In addition, a mediation analysis was performed to examine whether previously reported associations between omega-3 FAs and clinical outcomes were mediated via plasma immune markers. Clinical outcomes for CHR participants in the NEURAPRO clinical trial were measured using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Schedule for the Scale of Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) scales. The erythrocyte omega-3 index [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] and plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers were quantified at baseline (n = 268) and 6 month follow-up (n = 146) by gas chromatography and multiplex immunoassay, respectively. In linear regression models, the baseline plasma concentrations of Interleukin (IL)-15, Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and Vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 were negatively associated with baseline omega-3 index. In addition, 6-month change in IL-12p40 and TNF-α showed a negative association with change in omega-3 index. In longitudinal analyses, the baseline and 6 month change in omega-3 index was negatively associated with VCAM-1 and TNF-α respectively at follow-up. Mediation analyses provided little evidence for mediating effects of plasma immune markers on the relationship between omega-3 FAs and clinical outcomes (psychotic symptoms and functioning) in CHR participants. Our results indicate a predominantly anti-inflammatory relationship of omega-3 FAs on plasma inflammatory status in CHR individuals, but this did not appear to convey clinical benefits at 6 month and 12 month follow-up. Both immune and non-immune biological effects of omega-3 FAs would be resourceful in understanding the clinical benefits of omega-3 FAs in CHR papulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subash Raj Susai
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - David Mongan
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm Healy
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Connie Markulev
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Miriam R Schäfer
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Maximus Berger
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Nilufar Mossaheb
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Schlögelhofer
- BioPsyC-Biopsychosocial Corporation - Non-Profit Association for Research Funding, Austria; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Smesny
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gregor E Berger
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Service of the Canton of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eric Y H Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dorien H Nieman
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Swapna Verma
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrew Thompson
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Alison Ruth Yung
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia; Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Patrick D McGorry
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Melanie Föcking
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Cotter
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - G Paul Amminger
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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21
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Jones HJ, Borges MC, Carnegie R, Mongan D, Rogers PJ, Lewis SJ, Thompson AD, Zammit S. Associations between plasma fatty acid concentrations and schizophrenia: a two-sample Mendelian randomisation study. Lancet Psychiatry 2021; 8:1062-1070. [PMID: 34735824 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(21)00286-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although studies suggest that concentrations of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are lower in individuals with schizophrenia, evidence for beneficial effects of fatty acid supplementation is scarce. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine whether omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid concentrations are causally related to schizophrenia. METHODS We did a two-sample Mendelian randomisation study, using deidentified summary-level data that were publicly available. Exposure-outcome relationships were evaluated using the inverse variance weighted two-sample Mendelian randomisation method using results from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of fatty acid concentrations and schizophrenia. GWAS results were available for European (fatty acids) and European and Asian (schizophrenia) ancestry samples. Overall age and gender information were not calculable from the summary-level GWAS results. Weighted median, weighted mode, and Mendelian randomisation Egger regression methods were used as sensitivity analyses. To address underlying mechanisms, further analyses were done using single instruments within the FADS gene cluster and ELOVL2 gene locus. FADS gene cluster and ELOVL2 gene causal effects on schizophrenia were calculated by dividing the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-schizophrenia effect estimate by the SNP-fatty acid effect estimate with standard errors derived using the first term from a delta method expansion for the ratio estimate. Multivariable Mendelian randomisation was used to estimate direct effects of omega-3 fatty acids on schizophrenia, independent of omega-6 fatty acids, lipoproteins (ie, HDL and LDL), and triglycerides. FINDINGS Mendelian randomisation analyses indicated that long-chain omega-3 and long-chain omega-6 fatty acid concentrations were associated with a lower risk of schizophrenia (eg, inverse variance weighted odds ratio [OR] 0·83 [95% CI 0·75-0·92] for docosahexaenoic acid). By contrast, there was weak evidence that short-chain omega-3 and short-chain omega-6 fatty acids were associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia (eg, inverse variance weighted OR 1·07 [95% CI 0·98-1·18] for α-linolenic acid). Effects were consistent across the sensitivity analyses and the FADS single-SNP analyses, suggesting that long-chain omega-3 and long-chain omega-6 fatty acid concentrations were associated with lower risk of schizophrenia (eg, OR 0·74 [95% CI 0·58-0·96] for docosahexaenoic acid) whereas short-chain omega-3 and short-chain omega-6 fatty acid concentrations were associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia (eg, OR 1·08 [95% CI 1·02-1·15] for α-linolenic acid). By contrast, estimates from the ELOVL2 single-SNP analyses were more imprecise and compatible with both risk-increasing and protective effects for each of the fatty acid measures. Multivariable Mendelian randomisation indicated that the protective effect of docosahexaenoic acid on schizophrenia persisted after conditioning on other lipids, although evidence was slightly weaker (multivariable inverse variance weighted OR 0·84 [95% CI 0·71-1·01]). INTERPRETATION Our results are compatible with the protective effects of long-chain omega-3 and long-chain omega-6 fatty acids on schizophrenia, suggesting that people with schizophrenia might have difficulty converting short-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Further studies are required to determine whether long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation or diet enrichment might help prevent onset of schizophrenia. FUNDING National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Jones
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Maria Carolina Borges
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca Carnegie
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David Mongan
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter J Rogers
- Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah J Lewis
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew D Thompson
- Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Orygen, Centre of Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stanley Zammit
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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22
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Karabicici M, Azbazdar Y, Iscan E, Ozhan G. Misregulation of Wnt Signaling Pathways at the Plasma Membrane in Brain and Metabolic Diseases. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:844. [PMID: 34832073 PMCID: PMC8621778 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling pathways constitute a group of signal transduction pathways that direct many physiological processes, such as development, growth, and differentiation. Dysregulation of these pathways is thus associated with many pathological processes, including neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. At the same time, alterations are observed in plasma membrane compositions, lipid organizations, and ordered membrane domains in brain and metabolic diseases that are associated with Wnt signaling pathway activation. Here, we discuss the relationships between plasma membrane components-specifically ligands, (co) receptors, and extracellular or membrane-associated modulators-to activate Wnt pathways in several brain and metabolic diseases. Thus, the Wnt-receptor complex can be targeted based on the composition and organization of the plasma membrane, in order to develop effective targeted therapy drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Karabicici
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, Izmir 35340, Turkey; (M.K.); (Y.A.); (E.I.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Yagmur Azbazdar
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, Izmir 35340, Turkey; (M.K.); (Y.A.); (E.I.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Evin Iscan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, Izmir 35340, Turkey; (M.K.); (Y.A.); (E.I.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Gunes Ozhan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, Izmir 35340, Turkey; (M.K.); (Y.A.); (E.I.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, Izmir 35340, Turkey
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23
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Chen Y, Miura Y, Sakurai T, Chen Z, Shrestha R, Kato S, Okada E, Ukawa S, Nakagawa T, Nakamura K, Tamakoshi A, Chiba H, Imai H, Minami H, Mizuta M, Hui SP. Comparison of dimension reduction methods on fatty acids food source study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18748. [PMID: 34548525 PMCID: PMC8455623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97349-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum fatty acids (FAs) exist in the four lipid fractions of triglycerides (TGs), phospholipids (PLs), cholesteryl esters (CEs) and free fatty acids (FFAs). Total fatty acids (TFAs) indicate the sum of FAs in them. In this study, four statistical analysis methods, which are independent component analysis (ICA), factor analysis, common principal component analysis (CPCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), were conducted to uncover food sources of FAs among the four lipid fractions (CE, FFA, and TG + PL). Among the methods, ICA provided the most suggestive results. To distinguish the animal fat intake from endogenous fatty acids, FFA variables in ICA and factor analysis were studied. ICA provided more distinct suggestions of FA food sources (endogenous, plant oil intake, animal fat intake, and fish oil intake) than factor analysis. Moreover, ICA was discovered as a new approach to distinguish animal FAs from endogenous FAs, which will have an impact on epidemiological studies. In addition, the correlation coefficients between a published dataset of food FA compositions and the loading values obtained in the present ICA study suggested specific foods as serum FA sources. In conclusion, we found that ICA is a useful tool to uncover food sources of serum FAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0808, Japan
| | - Yusuke Miura
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Gunma Paz University, 1-7-1 Tonyamachi, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0006, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sakurai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0808, Japan
| | - Zhen Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0808, Japan
| | - Rojeet Shrestha
- Patients Choice Laboratories, 7026 Corporate Dr, Indianapolis, IN, 46278, USA
| | - Sota Kato
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0808, Japan
| | - Emiko Okada
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Ukawa
- Research Unit of Advanced Interdisciplinary Care Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | | | - Koshi Nakamura
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Chiba
- Department of Nutrition, Sapporo University of Health Sciences, Sapporo, 007-0894, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Imai
- Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Computer Science and Information Technology Mathematical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0814, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Minami
- Information Initiative Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0811, Japan
| | - Masahiro Mizuta
- Information Initiative Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0811, Japan
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0808, Japan.
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Kunii Y, Matsumoto J, Izumi R, Nagaoka A, Hino M, Shishido R, Sainouchi M, Akatsu H, Hashizume Y, Kakita A, Yabe H. Evidence for Altered Phosphoinositide Signaling-Associated Molecules in the Postmortem Prefrontal Cortex of Patients with Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158280. [PMID: 34361045 PMCID: PMC8348881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PIs) play important roles in the structure and function of the brain. Associations between PIs and the pathophysiology of schizophrenia have been studied. However, the significance of the PI metabolic pathway in the pathology of schizophrenia is unknown. We examined the expression of PI signaling-associated proteins in the postmortem brain of schizophrenia patients. Protein expression levels of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 gamma (PIP5K1C), phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase alpha (PIK4CA, also known as PIK4A), phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN), protein kinase B (Akt), and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and multiplex fluorescent bead-based immunoassays of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of postmortem samples from 23 schizophrenia patients and 47 normal controls. We also examined the association between PIK4CA expression and its genetic variants in the same brain samples. PIK4CA expression was lower, whereas Akt expression was higher, in the PFC of schizophrenia patients than in that of controls; PIP5K1C, PTEN, and GSK3β expression was not different. No single-nucleotide polymorphism significantly affected protein expression. We identified molecules involved in the pathology of schizophrenia via this lipid metabolic pathway. These results suggest that PIK4CA is involved in the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and is a potential novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuto Kunii
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (J.M.); (R.I.); (A.N.); (M.H.); (R.S.); (H.Y.)
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-22-717-7897
| | - Junya Matsumoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (J.M.); (R.I.); (A.N.); (M.H.); (R.S.); (H.Y.)
| | - Ryuta Izumi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (J.M.); (R.I.); (A.N.); (M.H.); (R.S.); (H.Y.)
| | - Atsuko Nagaoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (J.M.); (R.I.); (A.N.); (M.H.); (R.S.); (H.Y.)
| | - Mizuki Hino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (J.M.); (R.I.); (A.N.); (M.H.); (R.S.); (H.Y.)
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Risa Shishido
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (J.M.); (R.I.); (A.N.); (M.H.); (R.S.); (H.Y.)
| | - Makoto Sainouchi
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan; (M.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Hiroyasu Akatsu
- Department of Community-Based Medical Education, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Aichi 467-8601, Japan;
- Department of Community-Based Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
- Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, Aichi 441-8124, Japan;
| | - Yoshio Hashizume
- Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, Aichi 441-8124, Japan;
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan; (M.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (J.M.); (R.I.); (A.N.); (M.H.); (R.S.); (H.Y.)
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25
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Morris G, Berk M, Walder K, O'Neil A, Maes M, Puri BK. The lipid paradox in neuroprogressive disorders: Causes and consequences. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:35-57. [PMID: 34118292 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic systemic inflammation is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in an environment of low low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and low total cholesterol and with the pathophysiology of neuroprogressive disorders. The causes and consequences of this lipid paradox are explored. Circulating activated neutrophils can release inflammatory molecules such as myeloperoxidase and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Since activated neutrophils are associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease and with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, it seems reasonable to hypothesise that the inflammatory molecules released by them may act as mediators of the link between systemic inflammation and the development of atherosclerosis in neuroprogressive disorders. This hypothesis is tested by considering the association at a molecular level of systemic inflammation with increased LDL oxidation; increased small dense LDL levels; increased lipoprotein (a) concentration; secretory phospholipase A2 activation; cytosolic phospholipase A2 activation; increased platelet activation; decreased apolipoprotein A1 levels and function; decreased paroxonase-1 activity; hyperhomocysteinaemia; and metabolic endotoxaemia. These molecular mechanisms suggest potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, the Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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26
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Mongan D, Healy C, Jones HJ, Zammit S, Cannon M, Cotter DR. Plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids and mental disorders in adolescence and early adulthood: cross-sectional and longitudinal associations in a general population cohort. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:321. [PMID: 34059620 PMCID: PMC8167090 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01425-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may be pertinent to the development of mental disorders, for example via modulation of inflammation and synaptogenesis. We wished to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between PUFAs and mental disorders in a large cohort of young people. Participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children were interviewed and provided blood samples at two sampling periods when approximately 17 and 24 years old. Plasma PUFA measures (total omega-6 [n-6], total omega-3 [n-3], n-6:n-3 ratio and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA] percentage of total fatty acids) were assessed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between standardised PUFA measures and three mental disorders (psychotic disorder, moderate/severe depressive disorder and generalised anxiety disorder [GAD]) were measured by logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index and cigarette smoking. There was little evidence of cross-sectional associations between PUFA measures and mental disorders at age 17. At age 24, the n-6:n-3 ratio was positively associated with psychotic disorder, depressive disorder and GAD, while DHA was inversely associated with psychotic disorder. In longitudinal analyses, there was evidence of an inverse association between DHA at age 17 and incident psychotic disorder at age 24 (adjusted odds ratio 0.44, 95% confidence interval 0.22-0.87) with little such evidence for depressive disorder or GAD. There was little evidence for associations between change in PUFA measures from 17 to 24 years and incident mental disorders at 24 years. These findings provide support for associations between PUFAs and mental disorders in early adulthood, and in particular, for DHA in adolescence in relation to prevention of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mongan
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Colm Healy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hannah J Jones
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Stan Zammit
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mary Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David R Cotter
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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27
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Cui W, Wu X, Feng D, Luo J, Shi Y, Guo W, Liu H, Wang Q, Wang L, Ge S, Qu Y. Acrolein Induces Systemic Coagulopathy via Autophagy-dependent Secretion of von Willebrand Factor in Mice after Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:1160-1175. [PMID: 33939120 PMCID: PMC8353051 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00681-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced coagulopathy has increasingly been recognized as a significant risk factor for poor outcomes, but the pathogenesis remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the causal role of acrolein, a typical lipid peroxidation product, in TBI-induced coagulopathy, and further explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that the level of plasma acrolein in TBI patients suffering from coagulopathy was higher than that in those without coagulopathy. Using a controlled cortical impact mouse model, we demonstrated that the acrolein scavenger phenelzine prevented TBI-induced coagulopathy and recombinant ADAMTS-13 prevented acrolein-induced coagulopathy by cleaving von Willebrand factor (VWF). Our results showed that acrolein may contribute to an early hypercoagulable state after TBI by regulating VWF secretion. mRNA sequencing (mRNA-seq) and transcriptome analysis indicated that acrolein over-activated autophagy, and subsequent experiments revealed that acrolein activated autophagy partly by regulating the Akt/mTOR pathway. In addition, we demonstrated that acrolein was produced in the perilesional cortex, affected endothelial cell integrity, and disrupted the blood-brain barrier. In conclusion, in this study we uncovered a novel pro-coagulant effect of acrolein that may contribute to TBI-induced coagulopathy and vascular leakage, providing an alternative therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Xun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Dayun Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Jianing Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Yingwu Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Haixiao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Shunnan Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.
| | - Yan Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.
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28
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Martinat M, Rossitto M, Di Miceli M, Layé S. Perinatal Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Brain Development, Role in Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Nutrients 2021; 13:1185. [PMID: 33918517 PMCID: PMC8065891 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential fatty acids that are provided by dietary intake. Growing evidence suggests that n-3 and n-6 PUFAs are paramount for brain functions. They constitute crucial elements of cellular membranes, especially in the brain. They are the precursors of several metabolites with different effects on inflammation and neuron outgrowth. Overall, long-chain PUFAs accumulate in the offspring brain during the embryonic and post-natal periods. In this review, we discuss how they accumulate in the developing brain, considering the maternal dietary supply, the polymorphisms of genes involved in their metabolism, and the differences linked to gender. We also report the mechanisms linking their bioavailability in the developing brain, their transfer from the mother to the embryo through the placenta, and their role in brain development. In addition, data on the potential role of altered bioavailability of long-chain n-3 PUFAs in the etiologies of neurodevelopmental diseases, such as autism, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia, are reviewed.
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29
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Goh KK, Chen CYA, Chen CH, Lu ML. Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplements on psychopathology and metabolic parameters in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Psychopharmacol 2021; 35:221-235. [PMID: 33586517 DOI: 10.1177/0269881120981392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several monotherapy and augmentation strategies have been introduced to improve the treatment of schizophrenia. The benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with mental disorders is becoming increasingly acknowledged. However, its role in the treatment of schizophrenia raises complex considerations about which there has been little consensus. The aim of this study was to synthesize the findings of randomized controlled trials that were conducted to determine the efficacy and safety of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS The MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant literature. The primary outcome was changes in psychopathology and the secondary outcomes were changes in metabolic parameters and safety profiles. RESULTS Twenty double-blind randomized controlled trials in 1494 patients were included. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids augmentation was associated with significantly improved psychopathology in patients with schizophrenia, particularly general psychopathology and positive symptoms but not negative symptoms. Patients who were severely ill and received omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids containing eicosapentaenoic acid >1 g/d showed significant improvement. A favorable effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplements on serum triglycerides was also demonstrated. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are well-tolerated and safe in patients with schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS These findings tentatively support the use of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as a potential augmentation strategy in schizophrenia. Further research in larger samples is warranted to clarify the optimal dosage and the correct proportions of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to administer, together with elucidation of the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah K Goh
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cynthia Yi-An Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Liang Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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30
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Madireddy S, Madireddy S. Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Damage in the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10100742. [PMID: 33081261 PMCID: PMC7603028 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10100742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The biochemical integrity of the brain is paramount to the function of the central nervous system, and oxidative stress is a key contributor to cerebral biochemical impairment. Oxidative stress, which occurs when an imbalance arises between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the efficacy of the antioxidant defense mechanism, is believed to play a role in the pathophysiology of various brain disorders. One such disorder, schizophrenia, not only causes lifelong disability but also induces severe emotional distress; however, because of its onset in early adolescence or adulthood and its progressive development, consuming natural antioxidant products may help regulate the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Therefore, elucidating the functions of ROS and dietary antioxidants in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia could help formulate improved therapeutic strategies for its prevention and treatment. This review focuses specifically on the roles of ROS and oxidative damage in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, as well as the effects of nutrition, antipsychotic use, cognitive therapies, and quality of life on patients with schizophrenia. By improving our understanding of the effects of various nutrients on schizophrenia, it may become possible to develop nutritional strategies and supplements to treat the disorder, alleviate its symptoms, and facilitate long-term recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samskruthi Madireddy
- Independent Researcher, 1353 Tanaka Drive, San Jose, CA 95131, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-408-9214162
| | - Sahithi Madireddy
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
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